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Scopus	2-s2.0-84855773556	The design, implementation and evaluation of computerized clinic patient management and clinician order entry systems in a PMTCT clinic in Uganda	Kavuma M., Mars M.	2011	2011 IST-Africa Conference Proceedings, IST 2011	None	None	None	Management Sciences for Health, P.O Box 71419, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Tele Health Nelson R Mandela Medical School University of KwaZulu Natal, 719 Umbilo Road 4001, Congella 4013, South Africa	Kavuma, M., Management Sciences for Health, P.O Box 71419, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Tele Health Nelson R Mandela Medical School University of KwaZulu Natal, 719 Umbilo Road 4001, Congella 4013, South Africa; Mars, M., Department of Tele Health Nelson R Mandela Medical School University of KwaZulu Natal, 719 Umbilo Road 4001, Congella 4013, South Africa	A computerized clinic patient management system (CCPMS) and a portable clinician electronic order entry system were designed for the HIV/AIDS PMTCT research and programme activities at Mulago hospital. Clinicians satisfaction with the CCPMS was evaluated using a quantitative questionnaire and 848 records were collected to evaluate the portable clinician order entry system. Most clinicians thought the CCPMS improved clinic and drug inventory management. 52% thought it slightly impacted on the quality of patient care and 90% preferred using the CCPMS. Hospital tablet PC order entry system data were found to be more complete and significantly more accurate with 0.8% errors daily compared to 4.1% errors daily in paper based registers (p#60;0.0001). A lower number of missed infant MTCT prophylaxis dosing was also observed in the tablet PC data (4% compared to 14%). Computerized information systems can enhance HIV/AIDS care and research efforts and clinicians are willing to adopt them. © 2011 IIMC LTD.	clinic; computerized; Design; evaluation; portable; systems; Uganda	clinic; computerized; evaluation; portable; Uganda; Computer systems; Design; Diseases; Errors; Hospitals; Inventory control; Personal computers; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901476200	Liminality space in-between: A feminist evaluation of primordial and modern polarities of the woman's journey in the Nigerian novel	Alkali M., Talif R., Yahya W.R.W., Jan J.M.	2014	3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature	20	1	None	Department of English, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria; Department of English, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of English, University of Malaya, Malaysia	Alkali, M., Department of English, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria; Talif, R., Department of English, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Yahya, W.R.W., Department of English, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Jan, J.M., Department of English, University of Malaya, Malaysia	The option offered by the modern polarity feminist is not with the intent of sounding like magic, but it largely guarantees the disheartened opposite sex to get pretty impressive results with minimal intervention, resulting in relationship satisfaction, intimacy, love, passion, commitment, and trust. In fact, it can boast of decline in marital dissatisfaction as entirely eliminated, although there could be exceptions. This nego-feminist framework is heard throughout the paper interrogating primordialism on womanhood in Nigerian novels into those with opposition motifs to modern streaks which guarantee lively-partnership. The evaluation shows that women generally can reap maximally from the nego-feminist frame.	Feminism; Nego-feminism; Negotiation; Nigerian novel; Nigerian woman	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887683519	Reproductive, survival and growth performance of intergeneric cross of Exotic Dutch Clarias, Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Heterobranchus longifilis in Sokoto North-West Nigeria	Ipinjolu J.K., Abubakar M.Y., Magawata I., Buko M.I.	2013	AACL Bioflux	6	6	None	Forestry and Fisheries Department, Usmanu Danfododiyo University, PMB 2346 Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria	Ipinjolu, J.K., Forestry and Fisheries Department, Usmanu Danfododiyo University, PMB 2346 Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.Y., Forestry and Fisheries Department, Usmanu Danfododiyo University, PMB 2346 Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria; Magawata, I., Forestry and Fisheries Department, Usmanu Danfododiyo University, PMB 2346 Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria; Buko, M.I., Forestry and Fisheries Department, Usmanu Danfododiyo University, PMB 2346 Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria	Gamete from Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Hb), Heterobranchus longifilis (Hl) and Exotic Dutch Clarias (EC) were used to fertilize eggs from female Exotic Dutch Clarias to produce pure Exotic Dutch Clarias and its paternal hybrids in other to assess their induced spawning, survival and growth potentials in the hatchery. The female and males were induced with Ovatide at 0.2 mL kg-1 and 0.1 mL kg-1 body weight respectively and fertilized in triplicate. Hatchlings of each cross were stocked at 500 hatchlings per plastic bowls in a completely randomized design and reared on decapsulated Artemia for four weeks. The percent fertilization was highest (92.67±1.76) in cross EC♂ × EC♀ and was statistically not significant from other crosses (p > 0.05). Highest (42.25±3.82) percent hatchability was obtained in cross Hb♂ × EC♀ but significantly not different (p > 0.05) from other crosses. Cross (Hl♂ × EC♀) showed significantly (p < 0.05) poor survival (35.93±4.23) compared to crosses EC♂ × EC♀ and Hb♂ × EC♀ on decapsulated Artemia. Cross EC♂ × EC♀ had the highest weight gain (0.172±0.003), percent weight gain (17171.0±318.93) and specific growth rate (7.99±0.03) with no significant (p > 0.05) from other crosses. Reproductive performances of the treatments were good while the offspring from cross (EC♂ × EC♀) had the best survival and growth performance.	Decapsulated Artemia; Fertilization; Growth performance; Hatchability; Induced spawning; Paternal hybrids	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58549111084	Structural evaluation of column-height controls at a toe-thrust discovery, deep-water Niger Delta	Kostenko O.V., Naruk S.J., Hack W., Poupon M., Meyer H.-J., Mora-Glukstad M., Anowai C., Mordi M.	2008	AAPG Bulletin	92	12	10.1306/08040808056	Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 3737 Bellaire Blvd., Houston, TX 77025, United States; Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 200 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, United States; Shell Petroleum Development Company	Kostenko, O.V., Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 3737 Bellaire Blvd., Houston, TX 77025, United States; Naruk, S.J., Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 3737 Bellaire Blvd., Houston, TX 77025, United States; Hack, W., Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 200 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, United States; Poupon, M., Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 200 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, United States; Meyer, H.-J., Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 200 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, United States; Mora-Glukstad, M., Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., 200 North Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77079, United States; Anowai, C., Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, P.M.B. 2418, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Mordi, M., Dajo Oil Limited, Nigeria	Industry discoveries to date in the deep-water toe-thrust play have limited column heights and lack any unequivocal thrust-fault-dependent hydrocarbon columns. The causes of the limited success are controversial, the main issue being whether the encountered columns are caused by leaking thrust faults or other causes. The controversy is in large part caused by the presence of no-seismic-image zones that, even on three-dimensional (3-D) prestack-migrated data, obscure the possible thrust cutoffs. We use dipmeter, seismic, stratigraphic, and fluid pressure data to construct an integrated geometrically and kinematically balanced cross section through a recent toe-thrust discovery in which a prominent no-seismic-image zone on the southwest flank of the Alpha structure appeared to be a thrust fault zone holding about 100 m (328 ft) of thrust-fault-dependent oil column. To constrain the structure within the unimaged forelimb, dip panels and fold axial surfaces were constructed from dipmeter data recorded in both a vertical hole and a sidetrack well through the no-seismic-image zone. Stratigraphic tops from both wells were projected through the no-seismic-image zone using the dip panels and axial surfaces, maintaining the observed stratigraphic thicknesses. These data and analyses tightly constrain potential fault locations and offsets within the no-data zone. The resulting structural model shows that the no-seismic-image zone in the forelimb is not a thrust but instead an overturned limb without any fault offset of the pay section. The results show that the trapped hydrocarbons are confined completely within the four-way dip closure, and that the trap's potential is not limited by the thrust faults' seal capacities. In addition, top-seal analyses show that top-seal integrity is not a limiting factor for hydrocarbon column heights at the present time and has not been a limiting factor throughout the geological history of the structure. Taken together, these observations indicate that the column heights are most likely controlled by access to charge instead of trap integrity, consistent with an observed lack of thermogenic hydrocarbons in nearby four-way dip closures. These conclusions imply that where sufficient access to thermogenic charge is present, there may be additional thrust-fault-dependent hydrocarbon columns. Copyright © 2008. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.	None	Cross sectioning; Deep waters; Fault locations; Fault offset; Fluid pressures; Image zones; Niger Delta; Oil column; Seal integrity; Structural evaluation; Thrust faulting; Earthquakes; Hydrocarbons; Model structures; Organic compounds; Seismology; Stratigraphy; Three dimensional; fault zone; fluid pressure; geometry; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon reservoir; integrated approach; oil field; prestack migration; seismic data; three-dimensional modeling; thrust fault; Africa; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878542959	The experimental evaluation and molecular dynamics simulation of a heat-enhanced transdermal delivery system	Otto D.P., De Villiers M.M.	2013	AAPS PharmSciTech	14	1	10.1208/s12249-012-9900-6	Catalysis and Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, United States	Otto, D.P., Catalysis and Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; De Villiers, M.M., School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, United States	Transdermal delivery systems are useful in cases where preferred routes such as the oral route are not available. However, low overall extent of delivery is seen due to the permeation barrier posed by the skin. Chemical penetration enhancers and invasive methods that disturb the structural barrier function of the skin can be used to improve transdermal drug delivery. However, for suitable drugs, a fast-releasing transdermal delivery system can be produced by incorporating a heating source into a transdermal patch. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation showed that heat increased the diffusivity of the drug molecules, resulting in faster release from gels containing ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, and lidocaine HCl. Simulations were confirmed by in vitro drug release studies through lipophilic membranes. These correlations could expand the application of heated transdermal delivery systems for use as fast-release-dosage forms. © 2012 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.	diffusion; heated patch; ketoprofen; molecular dynamics; transdermal	diclofenac; ketoprofen; lidocaine; article; chemical reaction; correlation analysis; diffusion; drug delivery system; drug release; experimental study; gel; heat; heating; in vitro study; lipophilicity; molecular dynamics; priority journal; skin conductance; skin penetration; transdermal patch; Administration, Cutaneous; Gels; Hot Temperature; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Permeability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929953957	Evaluation of Prosopis africana Seed Gum as an Extended Release Polymer for Tablet Formulation	Nadaf S., Nnamani P., Jadhav N.	2015	AAPS PharmSciTech	16	3	10.1208/s12249-014-0256-y	Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India; department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nadaf, S., Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India; Nnamani, P., department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Jadhav, N., Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India	In the present work, an attempt has been made to screen Prosopis africana seed gum (PG), anionic polymer for extended release tablet formulation. Different categories of drugs (charge basis) like diclofenac sodium (DS), chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), and ibuprofen (IB) were compacted with PG and compared with different polymers (charge basis) like xanthan gum (XG), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC-K100M), and chitosan (CP). For each drug, 12 batches of tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, and granules were evaluated for flow properties, compressibility, and compactibility by Heckel and Leuenberger analysis, swelling index, in vitro dissolution studies, etc. It has been observed that granules of all batches showed acceptable flowability. According to Heckel and Leuenberger analysis, granules of PG-containing compacts showed similar and satisfactory compressibility and compactibility compared to granules of other polymers. PG showed significant swelling (P < 0.05) compared to HPMC, and better than CP and XG. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study showed no interaction between drugs and polymers. From all PG-containing compacts of aforesaid drugs, drug release was sustained for 12 h following anomalous transport. Especially, polyelectrolyte complex formation retarded the release of oppositely charged drug (CPM-PG). However, extended release was noted in both anionic (DS) and nonionic (IB) drugs, maybe due to swollen gel. All compacts were found to be stable for 3-month period during stability study. This concludes that swelling and release retardation of PG has close resemblance to HPMC, so it can be used as extended release polymer for all types of drugs. © 2014, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.	chlorpheniramine maleate; diclofenac sodium; extended release; ibuprofen; Prosopis africana	chitosan; chlorpheniramine maleate; diclofenac; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; ibuprofen; plant gum; polyelectrolyte; polymer; Prosopis africana seed gum; unclassified drug; xanthan; Article; bulk density; crushing strength; differential scanning calorimetry; drug release; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; particle size; priority journal; tablet compression; tablet formulation; tensile strength; X ray diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893649409	Evaluation of the impacts of formulation variables and excipients on the Drug release dynamics of a polyamide 6,10-based monolithic matrix using mathematical tools	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Kumar P., Du Toit L.C., Tomar L.K., Tyagi C., Pillay V.	2013	AAPS PharmSciTech	14	4	10.1208/s12249-013-0021-7	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tomar, L.K., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tyagi, C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Drug release from hydrophilic matrices is regulated mainly by polymeric erosion, disentanglement, dissolution, swelling front movement, drug dissolution and diffusion through the polymeric matrix. These processes depend upon the interaction between the dissolution media, polymeric matrix and drug molecules, which can be significantly influenced by formulation variables and excipients. This study utilized mathematical parameters to evaluate the impacts of selected formulation variables and various excipients on the release performance of hydrophilic polyamide 6,10 (PA 6,10) monolithic matrix. Amitriptyline HCl and theophylline were employed as the high and low solubility model drugs, respectively. The incorporation of different excipient concentrations and changes in formulation components influenced the drug release dynamics as evidenced by computed mathematical quantities (tx%,MDT x%,f1, f2, k1, k2, and kF). The effects of excipients on drug release from the PA 6,10 monolithic matrix was further elucidated using static lattice atomistic simulations wherein the component energy refinements corroborates the in vitro and in silico experimental data. Consequently, the feasibility of modulating release kinetics of drug molecules from the novel PA 6,10 monolithic matrix was well suggested. © 2013 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.	Excipients; Formulation variables; Mathematical tools; Monolithic matrix; Polyamide 6 10	aluminum sulfate; amitriptyline; electrolyte; excipient; magnesium sulfate; polyamide; potassium sulfate; theophylline; article; drug concentration; drug delivery system; drug diffusion; drug formulation; drug release; drug solubility; hydrogen bond; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; mathematical parameters; monolithic matrix; particle size; priority journal; static electricity; tablet matrix; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Electrolytes; Excipients; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Models, Statistical; Nylons; Particle Size; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Solubility; Theophylline	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44849103072	Formulation and evaluation of a salted-out isoniazid-loaded nanosystem	du Toit L.C., Pillay V., Choonara Y.E., Iyuke S.E.	2008	AAPS PharmSciTech	9	1	10.1208/s12249-007-9016-6	Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	du Toit, L.C., Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Pillay, V., Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Iyuke, S.E., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to develop a drug-loaded nanosystem that has the ability to achieve flexible yet rate-controlled release of model drug isoniazid (INH) employing either an aqueous or emulsion-based salting-out approach. Formulation conditions were aimed at reducing the polymeric size with subsequent rate-modulated INH release patterns from the polymeric nanosystem. The emulsion-based salted-out nanosystems had particle sizes ranging from 77-414 nm and a zeta potential of -24 mV. The dispersant dielectric constant was set at 78.5 and a conductivity of 3.99 mS/cm achieved. The reduced nanosystem size of the aqueous-based approach has demonstrated an intrinsically enhanced exposure of methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate to zinc sulphate which was employed as a crosslinking reagent. This resulted in robustly interconnected polymeric supports in which INH was efficiently embedded and subsequently released. The multi-layer perceptron data obtained showed that the aqueous and emulsion-based salting out approaches had Power (law) (MSE = 0.020) and Linear (MSE = 0.038) relationships, respectively. Drug release from the nanosystems occurred in two phases with an initial burst-release in aqueous-based nanosystems (30-100%) and significantly lower bursts observed in emulsion-based nanosystems (20-65%) within the first 2 h. This was followed by a gradual exponential release phase over the remaining 12 h. The nanosystems developed demonstrated the ability to control the release of INH depending on the formulation approach adopted. © American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists 2007.	Crosslinking; Drug release; Methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate; Nanoparticles; Tuberculosis	acrylic acid ethyl ester; dispersant; isoniazid; methacrylic acid; nanomaterial; nanoparticle; polymer; zinc sulfate; inorganic salt; isoniazid; nanomaterial; polymethacrylic acid derivative; tuberculostatic agent; article; conductance; controlled drug release; cross linking; dielectric constant; drug delivery system; drug formulation; emulsion; intermethod comparison; nanotechnology; particle size; perceptron; zeta potential; chemistry; delayed release formulation; diffusion; drug formulation; drug screening; materials testing; methodology; ultrastructure; Antitubercular Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diffusion; Drug Compounding; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Isoniazid; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Polymethacrylic Acids; Salts	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953799754	Empirical analysis of school plant planning as a determinant of secondary school students' academic performance	Ijaduola K.O., Oni J., Muraina K.O.	2011	Academic Leadership	9	1	None	Department of Educational Management, College of Applied Education and Vocational Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Nigeria	Ijaduola, K.O., Department of Educational Management, College of Applied Education and Vocational Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Nigeria; Oni, J.; Muraina, K.O.	This study analysed the relationship between school plant planning and students' academic performance in secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. 800 classroom teachers, purposively selected from schools in the four geo-political zones of the state, participated in the study. A questionnaire called: School Plant Planning and academic Performance Questionnaire (SPPAPQ) was used for data collection. Three hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance while the research instrument has a clrombach alpha of 0.84. The reason product moment correlation coefficient was employed for data analysis. It was established that significant relationship exists between school plant planning and students' academic performance. As a result, it was suggested among others that there is need for more provision of school plants and maintenance culture should be improved so as to enhance the educational performance of secondary school students.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75749099251	Evaluation of US Training for the Past 6 Years at ECUREI, the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) Centre of Excellence, Kampala, Uganda	Kawooya M.G., Goldberg B.B., De Groot W., Matovu P.D., Malwadde E.K., Baltarowich O.H.	2010	Academic Radiology	17	3	10.1016/j.acra.2009.10.009	Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Jefferson Ultrasound Research, Philadelphia, United States; International Health Operations, Fontys University of Applied Science, Eindohen, Netherlands	Kawooya, M.G., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Goldberg, B.B., Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Jefferson Ultrasound Research, Philadelphia, United States; De Groot, W., International Health Operations, Fontys University of Applied Science, Eindohen, Netherlands; Matovu, P.D., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Malwadde, E.K., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Baltarowich, O.H., Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Jefferson Ultrasound Research, Philadelphia, United States	Rationale and Objectives: The objectives of this article are: To explore the impact of the Radiological Society of North America-sponsored "Teach the Teachers" training course and other capacity building interventions (CBIs) on Uganda's ultrasound (US) training capacity; compare performance of students undertaking a modular diploma ultrasound course to the non-modular; and compare performance among various health cadres undertaking US training. Materials and Methods: The impact of the "Teach the Teachers" training course and other capacity building interventions were evaluated through analysis of the planning, implementation, sustainability, and output of the training center. Comparison of students' performance in the modular and non-modular diploma courses was by a retrospective cohort methodology using odds ratios. Comparison of performance was by analyzing their mean test scores using a paired Student t-test. Results: To date, 306 students from nine African countries have successfully completed the US diploma training. Fifty (16%) are non-Ugandans. The non-modular cohort has performed better than the modular (OR = 3.2) in the final written examination. The mean test scores for the final written examinations were: 73.4%, 71.9%, 61.2%, and 57% for the doctors, radiographers, assistant physicians, and nurses/midwives, respectively. Conclusion: The Radiological Society of North America-sponsored "Teach the Teacher's course in US" together with other capacity building interventions have led to an established center of excellence for US training in Uganda. © 2010 AUR.	evaluation; training; Uganda; Ultrasound	article; biology; cohort analysis; doctoral education; evaluation; graduate student; health care personnel; medical education; medical examination; midwifery education; nursing education; performance; physician assistant; priority journal; staff training; Uganda; ultrasound; Education, Medical, Continuing; International Agencies; Professional Competence; Radiology; Uganda; Ultrasonography; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58049200662	The impact of a home visitation programme on household hazards associated with unintentional childhood injuries: A randomised controlled trial	Odendaal W., van Niekerk A., Jordaan E., Seedat M.	2009	Accident Analysis and Prevention	41	1	10.1016/j.aap.2008.10.009	University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, PO Box 1087, Lenasia 1820, South Africa	Odendaal, W., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Jordaan, E., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Seedat, M., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, PO Box 1087, Lenasia 1820, South Africa	Background: The continued high mortality and morbidity rates for unintentional childhood injuries remain a public health concern. This article reports on the influence of a home visitation programme (HVP) on household hazards associated with unintentional childhood injuries in a South African low-income setting. Methods: A randomised controlled trial (n = 211 households) was conducted in a South African informal settlement. Community members were recruited and trained as paraprofessional visitors. Four intervention visits were conducted over 3 months, focusing on child development, and the prevention of burn, poison, and fall injuries. The HVP, a multi-component intervention, included educational inputs, provision of safety devices, and an implicit enforcement strategy. The intervention effect (IE) was measured with a standardised risk assessment index that compared post-intervention scores for intervention and control households. Results: A significant reduction was observed in the hazards associated with electrical and paraffin appliances, as well as in hazards related to poisoning. Non-significant changes were observed for burn safety household practices and fall injury hazards. Conclusions: This study confirmed that a multi-component HVP effectively reduced household hazards associated with electrical and paraffin appliances and poisoning among children in a low-income South African setting. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Home visitation; Multi-component intervention; Paraprofessional home visitors; Randomised controlled trial; Unintentional childhood injuries	Hazards; Health risks; Paraffin waxes; Paraffins; Risk assessment; Risk management; Home visitation; Multi-component intervention; Paraprofessional home visitors; Randomised controlled trial; Unintentional childhood injuries; Health hazards; adolescent; article; child; child welfare; clinical trial; confidence interval; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; dangerous goods; home accident; human; infant; mortality; newborn; preschool child; professional practice; randomized controlled trial; risk assessment; risk reduction; safety; South Africa; statistics; Accidents, Home; Adolescent; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Hazardous Substances; House Calls; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Risk Assessment; Risk Reduction Behavior; Safety; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000337855300005	The impact of alcohol and road traffic policies on crash rates in Botswana, 2004-2011: A time-series analysis	Dellinger, Ann M.,Naumann, Rebecca B.,Ndlovu, Christopher,Rudd, Rose A.,Sebego, Miriam,Voetsch, Karen	2014	ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION	70	None	10.1016/j.aap.2014.02.017	University of Botswana, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Botswana Police Serv, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Sebego, Miriam: University of Botswana",	In Botswana, increased development and motorization have brought increased road traffic-related death rates. Between 1981 and 2001, the road traffic-related death rate in Botswana more than tripled. The country has taken several steps over the last several years to address the growing burden of road traffic crashes and particularly to address the burden of alcohol-related crashes. This study examines the impact of the implementation of alcohol and road safety-related policies on crash rates, including overall crash rates, fatal crash rates, and single-vehicle nighttime fatal (SVNF) crash rates, in Botswana from 2004 to 2011. The overall crash rate declined significantly in June 2009 and June 2010, such that the overall crash rate from June 2010 to December 2011 was 22% lower than the overall crash rate from January 2004 to May 2009. Additionally, there were significant declines in average fatal crash and SVNF crash rates in early 2010. Botswana's recent crash rate reductions occurred during a time when aggressive policies and other activities (e.g., education, enforcement) were implemented to reduce alcohol consumption and improve road safety. While it is unclear which of the policies or activities contributed to these declines and to what extent, these reductions are likely the result of several, combined efforts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ALCOHOL,INJURY,"ROAD TRAFFIC","Traffic fines",ACCIDENTS,CONSUMPTION,INJURIES,"INTERVENTION ANALYSIS",OFFENSES,PENALTIES,PRICE,REDUCE,"SEAT-BELT USE",TAX	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861404529	Class absenteeism: Reasons for non-attendance and the effect on academic performance	Schmulian A., Coetzee S.	2012	Accounting Research Journal	24	2	10.1108/10309611111163718	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schmulian, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, S., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose Other business education literature, particularly in the field of economics, has developed theories in respect of the reasons for non-attendance of lectures and the positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance. The aim of this paper is to determine the generalizability of these theories to a large accounting class in South Africa. Design/methodology/ approach This paper is a differentiated replication of the study by Paisey and Paisey, who provided initial evidence of the generalizability of these theories to a small accounting class in Scotland, employing a research questionnaire and the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Findings The reasons given for the non-attendance of lectures generally correspond with those previously reported. Certain differences that are identified are likely a result of specific country or economic factors. This study found a significant positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance; however, the correlation is low and not very meaningful. Further analysis reveals some difference between language groups suggesting that culture and ethnicity may have an effect on the relationship between class attendance and academic performance. Originality/value This paper raises questions as to the generalizability of prior research on class attendance and academic performance. The findings of this study suggest other factors, including students' economic, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, are likely to affect associations between class attendance and academic performance. © Copyright - 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Academic performance; Accounting education; Class attendance; South Africa; Students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926340975	Impact of firm-specific characteristics on managers' identity disclosure	Asien E.N.	2014	Accounting Research Journal	27	2	10.1108/ARJ-03-2013-0010	Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria	Asien, E.N., Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper aims to examine the impact of firm-specific characteristics on managers' identity disclosure in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Design/methodology/approach - Research data were collected from 2010 annual reports and financial statements of 403 listed firms in the GCC countries. The data were analyzed by multiple regression models. Findings - Evidence suggesting that managers' identity is significantly disclosed by firms that separate the office of chairman from that of chief executive officer was documented. It was also found that mature firms significantly disclose their managers' identity. Our finding suggests that firms' declaration that they comply with a set of corporate governance code leads them to disclose managers' identity. However, we find that firms that are related to the state significantly disclose their managers' identity, contrary to expectation. Research limitations/implications - One limitation is the lack of a uniform classification of industries by the stock exchanges in the GCC region. The implication of this is that researchers are lacking a uniform standard to apply in their research. Another limitation is the use of only 2010 annual reports and accounts; thus, there is a problem of inter-temporal generalizability. As markets in the GCC countries are evolving, it will be interesting to capture the state of managers' identity disclosure after 2010. Practical implications - The paper has the potential to influence firms in the GCC region to begin disclosing managers' personal details and other contact information. In addition, there is the prospect that market regulators in the GCC region and other emerging markets who may read this research may now require firms to disclose their managers' identity. Originality/value - This is an Original research paper. © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate governance; Duality role; GCC countries; Managers' identity; State-related enterprises; Voluntary disclosure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887380198	Performance of first-year accounting students: Does time perspective matter? [Prestasie van eerstjaarsrekeningkundestudente: Speel tydsperspektief 'n rol?]	Joubert H., Viljoen M., Schall R.	2013	Acta Academica	45	3	None	Centre for Accounting, South Africa; University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Dept of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Joubert, H., Centre for Accounting, South Africa; Viljoen, M., University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Schall, R., Dept of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Academic failure of first-year accounting students is a national and international problem. Existing research is inconclusive regarding the causes for the failure and does not make provision for the possible influence of dominant time perspectives on performance in accounting. This article investigates whether time perspective has an effect on the performance of first-year accounting students. A quantitative non-experimental predictive multivariate design is used and confounding variables are taken into consideration. The results of the study indicate significant relationships between performance in first-year accounting and gender, age and a past-negative time perspective. The most significant result of this study is that a past-negative time perspective, together with an unfavourable psychosocial background, might have led to failure in first-year accounting. It is suggested that students with a negative time perspective be identified and encouraged to participate in support programmes at the university. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864054602	An evaluation of a family support programme in the southern Free State ['n evaluasie van'n gesinsondersteuningsprogram in die Suid-Vrystaat]	Marais J.G.L., Ingle M.K., Skinner D., Sigenu K.	2012	Acta Academica	44	1	None	Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Unit for Research on Health and Society, University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Marais, J.G.L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Ingle, M.K., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Skinner, D., Unit for Research on Health and Society, University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Sigenu, K., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	This article details the evaluation of an NGO Family Support Programme (FSP) that was implemented in the southern Free State's Kopanong local municipality. The FSP is primarily aimed at strengthening Early Childhood Development (ECD) in what is a very socio-economically deprived environment for small children. The article argues for the critical importance of ECD within the human development paradigm. It then reports on the actual FSP assessment and advances a number of recommendations for how the initiative could be bolstered. It concludes that the FSP methodology is sound in principle and that it warrants replication at scale. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899143708	Investigating the moderating effect of student engagement on academic performance	Gerber C., Mans-Kemp N., Schlechter A.	2013	Acta Academica	45	4	None	Dept of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Gerber, C., Dept of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mans-Kemp, N., Dept of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schlechter, A., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The academic performance and success of students are important for both higher education institutions and students. Student engagement has been identified as a crucial factor in academic success. Studies investigating student engagement have typically used self-report measures of engagement, collected at a given point in time. Self-report measures are, however, prone to positive bias (social desirability). In an attempt to overcome these shortfalls, data were collected over three years (2010-2012) in a third-year Business Management module, presented at a South African university (n=380). Academic and behavioural student engagement was measured by assessing academic activities (class attendance and weekly homework assessments), rather than with a self-report measurement scale. Unlike previous studies that correlated student engagement with academic performance, this article argues that student engagement enhances academic performance. It was found that student engagement significantly moderated the relationship between early and late semester assessments of academic performance (semester test and examination marks). It was, therefore, concluded that higher levels of engagement enhance the learning experience and subsequent performance in the module. High levels of student engagement may even lead to higher, than would otherwise be expected, academic performance. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955914258	The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa [Die impak van opvoeding op huishoudelike armoede in Suid-Afrika]	Botha F.	2010	Acta Academica	42	4	None	Dept of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Botha, F., Dept of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	This article investigates the relationship between the educational attainment of the household head and household poverty in South Africa. The results indicate a clear negative relationship between education and poverty. Households in which the head has a low level of education are more likely to be poor compared to a household where the head has a higher level of education. Literacy of the household head is also inversely related to household poverty. Rural and black households are the most vulnerable, with distinct differences between the province of residence. Despite large resource allocation towards education, educational outcomes have not improved. This raises questions concerning the lack of association between resource allocation and educational outcomes. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864033811	Some predictors of academic performance of first-year students in three- and four-year curricula [Enkele voorspellers van die akademiese prestasie van eerste-jaarstudente in drie-en vierjaar-kurrikulums]	Keeve A., Naude L., Esterhuyse K.	2012	Acta Academica	44	1	None	Dept Sielkunde, Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Posbus 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Keeve, A., Dept Sielkunde, Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Posbus 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Naude, L., Dept Sielkunde, Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Posbus 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Esterhuyse, K., Dept Sielkunde, Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Posbus 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Low success rates at South African higher education institutions instigated renewed interest in the predictors of academic performance. This study article investigates academic and psychosocial predictors of academic performance of first-year students in three- and four-year curricula. In combination, the predictors explain 20.2% of the variance in academic performance. For three- year-curriculum students, academic factors (Grade 12 performance, language proficiency) provide a significant explanation. This does not apply to four-year- curriculum students, where psychosocial factors (parents' education level) play a role. Admission to higher education based on Grade 12 performance and language proficiency appears to be justified, but is less accurate for four-year- curriculum students. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887375829	Learning potential and academic literacy tests as predictors of academic performance for engineering students [Leerpotensiaal en akademiese geletterdheidstoetse as voorspellers van ingenieurstudente se akademiese prestasie]	Schaap P., Luwes M.	2013	Acta Academica	45	3	None	Dept. of Human Resources Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	Schaap, P., Dept. of Human Resources Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Luwes, M., Dept. of Human Resources Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	Students who obtain senior certificates in the South African schooling system cannot be assumed to be adequately prepared to meet the demands of tertiary education. This study aims to determine the criterion-related validity of a mathematical proficiency test from the Academic Aptitude Test Battery (AAT-maths), an English language proficiency test (ELSA) and a learning potential test (LPCAT) as predictors of the academic performance of engineering bursary students at tertiary institutions. The findings indicate that these tests have significant criterion-related validity and can improve the likelihood of selecting the most promising bursary students. However, the findings point towards the possibility that the tests or the criterion measure are differentially valid for different race groups. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955987155	The nature, extent and impact of the brain drain in Zimbabwe and South Africa [La nature, l'étendue et l'impact de la fuite des cerveaux au zimbabwe et en afrique du sud]	Gwaradzimba E., Shumba A.	2010	Acta Academica	42	1	None	Faculty of Education, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe; Dept of Teacher Education, Faculty of Humanities, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein,9330, South Africa	Gwaradzimba, E., Faculty of Education, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe; Shumba, A., Dept of Teacher Education, Faculty of Humanities, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein,9330, South Africa	Brain drain is regarded as one of the greatest threats to socio-economic development in Africa. The need to reverse brain drain and reposition Africa in the twenty-first century cannot be overemphasised. The current situation in African countries demands that Africa should embark on a radical project to redeem itself from poverty, underdevelopment, disease, and hunger. This article examines the nature, extent and impact of the brain drain in Zimbabwe and South Africa. The problem of brain drain is urgent and merits high-level attention by African governments. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875089857	The impact of student opinions of built heritage on their perceptions of institutional loyalty: Implications for marketing strategies [Die impak van studentmenings omtrent gebou-erfenis op hul persepsies van institusionele lojaliteit: Implikasies vir bema	Poor J., Snowball J.	2012	Acta Academica	44	3	None	Rhodes University, Natural Resources and Environmental Economics, Truman State University, McClain Hall 203, 100 East Normal Avenue, Kirksville, MO 63501-4221, United States; Dept of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Poor, J., Rhodes University, Natural Resources and Environmental Economics, Truman State University, McClain Hall 203, 100 East Normal Avenue, Kirksville, MO 63501-4221, United States; Snowball, J., Dept of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Research has shown that the racial diversity of university student populations improves social tolerance and academic performance. However, students of colour are more likely to drop out than their white counterparts and to feel isolated and excluded from campus life. One possible reason for such feelings is the built heritage on campuses, in particular those with colonial-era style. This research uses student survey data from St Mary's College of Maryland in the US and Rhodes University in South Africa to investigate student attitudes towards, and knowledge about, campus built heritage and their perceptions of its impact on student loyalty. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880941308	Psychological resources as predictors of academic performance of first-year students in higher education	Kotzé M., Niemann R.	2013	Acta Academica	45	2	None	School of Higher Education Studies, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; UFS Business School, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Kotzé, M., School of Higher Education Studies, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Niemann, R., UFS Business School, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	This article aims to determine whether psychological resources (hope, optimism and resilience) can be potential predictors of academic performance. A cross-sectional survey design was used and the sample consisted of 789 first-year students in Industrial Psychology. The measuring instruments included the State Hope Scale (SHS), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the Adult Resilience Indicator (ARI). The results of the simple multiple regression analysis showed that state hope, and specifically pathways, and three dimensions of resilience were statistically significantly related to academic performance, whereas optimism was not a statistically significant predictor of academic performance. © UV/UFS Bibliography.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859138208	The impact of a community service learning project on the professional growth of pre-service teachers [Die trefkrag van'n gemeenskapsdiens leerprojek op die professionele ontwikkeling van onderwysstudente]	Bansilal S., Mthembu Z.	2011	Acta Academica	43	4	None	School of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X03, Ashwood 3605, South Africa	Bansilal, S., School of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X03, Ashwood 3605, South Africa; Mthembu, Z., School of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X03, Ashwood 3605, South Africa	This article reports on a qualitative study based on a group of third- and fourth-year science student teachers, who participated in a community service learning (CSL) project. This study followed five students at three community drop-in centres in order to explore how their participation contributed to their learning. Data was generated from the lecturer's field notes and reports, as well as from the students' reflections, summative reports and presentations. The findings indicate that students found the experience academically, personally and professionally enriching. Working with poor orphans and community workers also helped the students develop a greater awareness of social responsibility. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922261523	Evaluation of butterhead lettuce cultivars for winter production under a shadenet structure	Maboko M.M., Ncayiyana M., Du Plooy C.P.	2015	Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science	65	2	10.1080/09064710.2014.985250	Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa	Maboko, M.M., Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa; Ncayiyana, M., Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa; Du Plooy, C.P., Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa	Incorrect selection of cultivar leads to profit loss due to variability in yield and in quality characteristics of butterhead lettuce. Nine butterhead lettuce cultivars were evaluated in soil cultivation under a 40% white shadenet structure during the winter season on an experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Council – Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI). The experiment was laid out as a randomised complete block design with five replicates. During harvest, 10 plants from each cultivar per replicate were assessed for yield, and five uniform heads were cut longitudinally for internal quality assessment. Quality assessment included compactness, uniformity, tipburn, disease tolerance and bolting tolerance. Results showed that head mass, height, diameter, uniformity, compactness, tipburn, disease tolerance and internal quality were significantly affected by cultivar choice. Recommended cultivars which outperformed the control (Ofelia) based on uniformity, tipburn and percentage marketable harvest were Analena, Fabieto RZ, Lobela and Rousso RZ. Results thus indicate that improved yield and quality of butterhead lettuce cultivars can be obtained by selecting the correct cultivar for winter production. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	compactness; internal quality; tipburn; uniformity; yield	Lactuca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949508031	Land-use changes and their impacts on soil degradation and surface runoff of two catchments of Northern Ethiopia	Gebresamuel G., Bal R.S., Øystein D.	2010	Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science	60	3	10.1080/09064710902821741	Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Plant and Environmental Science, Ås, 5003, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Ås, 5003, Norway; Mekelle University, Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, PO Box 231, Ethiopia	Gebresamuel, G., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Plant and Environmental Science, Ås, 5003, Norway, Mekelle University, Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, PO Box 231, Ethiopia; Bal, R.S., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Plant and Environmental Science, Ås, 5003, Norway; Øystein, D., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Ås, 5003, Norway	Land-use/land-cover changes and their associated impact on environment in the period from 1964 to 2006 was studied in two catchments located in the highland of Tigray using geographic information system and remote-sensing approaches supplemented with field measurements. Results show that, for all periods, cultivated land constitutes the most prevalent (&gt;60%) land-use type and shows a total increase of 1.7 ha y-1 at Gum Selassa and a decrease of 5.5 ha y1 at Maileba. Forest and woodland suffered more damage in both areas losing 32.8 ha (100%) and 53 ha (100%), respectively at Gum Selassa; and 1.74 ha (96.7%) and 52.7 ha (100%) at Maileba over four decades. At Gum Selassa, shrubland decreased by 1.26 ha y-1 while at Maileba it showed a slight positive increment of 0.38 ha y-1. Area under settlement increased by a greater magnitude at Maileba (6.3 ha y-1) and a slight increase at Gum Selassa (1.4 ha y-1) in response to the rapid population increase. These changes in land uses/cover brought significant deleterious impacts on land degradation and surface runoff. The cumulative degradation index (DI) was negative for all land uses, with a higher value under Eucalyptus plantation (DI=-282) followed by cultivated land (DI =-260) at Maileba. Changes in land use/cover also decreased the water-storage capacity of soils by 1.63 and 1.09 mm y-1 at Gum Selassa and Maileba, respectively, with a corresponding increase in surface runoff by 2.7 and 2.3 mm y-1. Generally, the observed changes in land degradation and surface runoff are highly linked to the change in land use/land cover. © 2010 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Degradation index; Ethiopia; Hydrology; Land-use/land-cover changes; Soil degradation	Eucalyptus	None
WoS	WOS:000273449700027	Developmental monitoring using caregiver reports in a resource-limited setting: the case of Kilifi, Kenya	Abubakar, A.,Bomu, G.,Holding, P.,Van Baar, A.,van de Vijver, F.	2010	ACTA PAEDIATRICA	99	2	10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01561.x	Case Western Reserve University, North West University - South Africa, Tilburg University, University of Utrecht, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme	"Van Baar, A.: University of Utrecht",	Aim: The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and acceptability of developmental monitoring using caregiver reports among mothers in a rural African setting. Methods: A structured interview for parents of children aged 24 months and less was developed through both participant consultation and a review of literature. The reliability and validity of the schedule was evaluated through a 10-month monitoring programme of 95 children, aged 2-10 months. The acceptability of the process was evaluated by studying retention rates and by organizing focus group discussions with participating mothers. Results: The structured interview 'Developmental Milestones Checklist' consisted of 66 items covering three broad domains of child functioning: motor, language and personal-social development. The interview yielded scores of developmental achievements that showed high internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability. The results were sensitive to maturational changes and nutritional deficiencies. In addition, acceptable retention rates of approximately 80% were found. Participating mothers reported that they found the procedures both acceptable and beneficial. Conclusion: Developmental monitoring using caregiver report is a viable method to identify and monitor at-risk children in Sub-Saharan Africa.	Africa,"Caregiver reports",CHILDREN,"developmental monitoring",CARE,CHILD-DEVELOPMENT,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT",PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN,SERVICES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000312313200017	Evaluating Helping Babies Breathe: training for healthcare workers at hospitals in Rwanda	Baribwira, Cyprien,Essen, Birgitta,Musafili, Aimable,Persson, Lars-Ake,Rukundo, Alphonse	2013	ACTA PAEDIATRICA	102	1	10.1111/apa.12034	Uppsala University, Kigali Univ, Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Univ Maryland	"Essen, Birgitta: Uppsala University","Persson, Lars-Ake: Uppsala University",	Aim To evaluate the educational effectiveness of the Helping Babies Breathe programme. Methods Knowledge of trainees from two district hospitals and one tertiary referral hospital was evaluated before and after training in 2010. A postcourse practical skills evaluation was performed on a Neonatalie Newborn Simulator. Participants underwent a re-evaluation after 3 months. Results One hundred eighteen trainees completed the course. The percentages of correct answers on a written test significantly increased from 77 +/- 15% to 91 +/- 9% (p &lt; 0.01) after training. The mean score obtained on a postcourse skill evaluation was 89 +/- 9%; 64% of the trainees achieved passing scores. Retesting 3 months later showed that knowledge remained at the same level, while practical skills decreased to 83 +/- 16%, and the pass rate dropped significantly to 43% (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion Healthcare workers who participate in a Helping Babies Breathe programme can significantly improve their knowledge. While such knowledge is retained for at least 3 months, skills dropped to unsatisfactory levels in that period of time, indicating the need for retraining in the interim or the acquisition of practical experience by such healthcare workers.	EDUCATION,"healthcare workers","Helping Babies Breathe",HOSPITAL,RWANDA,CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION,COUNTRIES,"DELIVERY ROOM",KNOWLEDGE,MORTALITY,"NEONATAL RESUSCITATION PROGRAM",RESIDENTS,RETENTION,SETTINGS,"SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650573158	Evaluation of the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo and Paracheck Pf® tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Mengistu Legesse, Abebe Animut, Daddi Jima, Girmay Medhin, Berhanu Erko	2009	Acta Tropica	111	3	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.014	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mengistu Legesse, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe Animut, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Daddi Jima, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Girmay Medhin, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhanu Erko, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test relative to microscopy for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Methods: 668 febrile patients visiting two health centers in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia, involved in this study in 2008. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under a 100× oil immersion microscope objective for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitaemia, respectively. CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test were performed as per the manufacturers' instruction. Findings: The diagnostic validity of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum were very good with sensitivity of 99.4%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 94.4% and negative predictive value of 99.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test for the diagnosis of P. vivax were 99.4%, 98.2%, 94.5% and 99.8%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test is comparable to that of Paracheck Pf® test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum (sensitivity 99.4%, specificity 98.2%). Conclusion: Although CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test have comparable diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of P. falciparum, CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test has the added advantage of diagnosing P. vivax. Hence, it is preferable to use CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not accessible and where malaria due to P. falciparum and P. vivax are co-endemic as in Ethiopia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	CareStart™ Malaria RDT; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium species	disease treatment; malaria; medicine; microscopy; sensitivity analysis; adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood smear; child; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; female; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; male; parasite identification; Plasmodium vivax malaria; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Wondo Genet; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899795687	Evaluation of the mosquitocidal effect of Birbira (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ethiopia	Andemo A., Yewhalaw D., Alemayehu B., Ambelu A.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.016	Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Andemo, A., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Yewhalaw, D., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Alemayehu, B., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence and/or incidence. However, over time success has been hampered due to the development of resistance by mosquitoes against chemical insecticides recommended for public health use. Development of effective botanical mosquitocidal compounds however can be potential alternatives tool in malaria vector control. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the mosquitocidal effect of "Birbira" (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia. The mosquitocidal activity of M. ferruginea was assessed following WHO susceptibility test procedure. Methanol extract of M. ferruginea seeds was evaluated against third &amp; fourth instar larvae, pupae and, non-blood fed 3-5 days old laboratory strains and field populations of A. arabiensis under laboratory condition. Mortality was then recorded after 24h exposure. The seed extract of M. ferruginea showed high mosquitocidal activity against larvae, pupae and adult stages of both the laboratory strain and field population of A. arabiensis. The LC50 values for larvae and pupae population from a laboratory strains was, respectively, 14.7 and 41.33mg/L. While the LC50 values for the larvae and a pupa of the field population were, respectively, 30.88 and 74.54mg/L. In addition, the LC99 and LD99 values were also identified. The findings of this study indicated that, the extract could be applied on mosquito breeding sites. The plant extract could be also used for indoor residual sprays after conducting the persistency test. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Bioassay; Botanicals; Ethiopia; Malaria; Mosquito; Vector control	insecticide; Mellitia ferruginea extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; insecticide; plant extract; bioassay; disease control; disease vector; efficiency measurement; insecticide; malaria; mosquito; pesticide resistance; Anopheles arabiensis; article; berry; botany; controlled study; Ethiopia; evaluation research; IC 50; insecticidal activity; larval stage; malaria; Mellitia ferruginea; mortality; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant seed; pupa (life cycle stage); toxicity testing; animal; Anopheles; chemistry; drug effects; Fabaceae; Ethiopia; Animals; Anopheles; Fabaceae; Insecticides; Plant Extracts; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938299459	DDT and pyrethroid resistance status and laboratory evaluation of bio-efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated nets against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex decens in Ghana	Kudom A.A., Mensah B.A., Froeschl G., Rinder H., Boakye D.	2015	Acta Tropica	150	None	10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.009	Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana	Kudom, A.A., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Mensah, B.A., Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Froeschl, G., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Rinder, H., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Boakye, D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana	Nuisance from Culex mosquitoes in Ghana has a serious negative impact on the standard of living in many urban communities. In addition, a perceived lack of efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) against nuisance mosquitoes contributes to their discontinued use. This again compromises malaria control, even if Anopheles species themselves would still be susceptible to the insecticides used. Control strategies involve pyrethroid insecticides but information on Culex mosquito susceptibility to these insecticides is limited. A nationwide survey was conducted to address this problem. In adults, susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT as well as enzyme activity and kdr mutation were determined. Cone and tunnel bioassay were also carried out to determine the efficacy of LLINs against the mosquitoes. Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex decens were identified in the study area. Higher deltamethrin and DDT resistance and relatively low permethrin resistance were observed in both species. High enzyme activities and kdr mutations were observed in C. quinquefasciatus but not in C. decens. However, reduced efficacy of LLINs was observed in both mosquito species. This adds up to the evidence of the spread of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes and its negative impact on control strategies. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Culex; Kdr mutation; Malaria; Pyrethroid; Resistance; Urban	chlorphenotane; cytochrome P450; deltamethrin; esterase; genomic DNA; glutathione transferase; insecticide; permethrin; pyrethroid; unspecific monooxygenase; bioassay; DDT; disease control; disease spread; enzyme activity; malaria; mosquito; pyrethroid; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bioassay; controlled study; Culex; Culex decens; Culex quinquefasciatus; enzyme activity; gene; gene mutation; Ghana; kdr gene; laboratory test; malaria control; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; urban population; Ghana; Culex decens; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955274098	Evaluation of flavonoids from Dorstenia barteri for their antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and anti-reverse transcriptase activities	Kuete V., Ngameni B., Mbaveng A.T., Ngadjui B., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2010	Acta Tropica	116	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.005	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Ngameni, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Ngadjui, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and reverse transcriptase activities of five flavonoids: isobachalcone (IBC); kanzanol C (KAN); 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (4-LCP); stipulin (SPL) and amentoflavone (AMF) from Dortenia barteri, together with the crude extract from this plant. The Agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution, microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), radiometric respiratory technique using BACTEC 460 system and the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assay showed that the crude extract and compounds were able to prevent the growth of Mycobacteria with MIC<10μg/ml being recorded with IBC on M. tuberculosis. Results of the killing rate experiment revealed that total inhibition effect on M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was noted with IBC and SPL at day 9 when tested at 4× MIC. The results of the antigonorrheal assay indicated that MIC values below 10μg/ml were also recorded with IBC on all the tested N. gonorrhoeae strains, meanwhile good activities (MIC<10μg/ml) were also noted with the extract, KAN, 4-LCP and SPL on some of these strains. The anti-reverse transcriptase activities of extract and compounds also demonstrated that all samples were able to inhibit at various extents the reverse transcriptase activity, with IBC and 4-LCP showing the best effects. The overall results of this work provided evidence that the crude extract as well as some flavonoids from D. barteri could be potential sources of new antimicrobial drug against tuberculosis (TB), gonorrhea and probably the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-reverse transcriptase; Antigonorrheal; Antimycobacterial; Dortenia barteri; Flavonoids	4 hydroxylonchocarpin; amentoflavone; Dorstenia barteri extract; flavonoid; isobachalcone; kanzanol C; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase; stipulin; unclassified drug; bacterium; metabolite; pathogen; plant; tuberculosis; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial growth; bactericidal activity; broth dilution; controlled study; disk diffusion; Dorstenia barteri; drug structure; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; gonorrhea; growth inhibition; Human immunodeficiency virus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraceae; Mycobacterium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; radiometry; tuberculosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Flavonoids; Gonorrhea; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraceae; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Oxazines; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Tuberculosis; Xanthenes; Corynebacterineae; Dorstenia barteri; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885481358	The impact of single versus mixed Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infections on morbidity profiles amongst school-children in Taveta, Kenya	Gouvras A.N., Kariuki C., Koukounari A., Norton A.J., Lange C.N., Ireri E., Fenwick A., Mkoji G.M., Webster J.P.	2013	Acta Tropica	128	2	10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.01.001	DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Invertebrates Zoology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; SCI, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya; The Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom	Gouvras, A.N., DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Kariuki, C., Invertebrates Zoology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya; Koukounari, A., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Norton, A.J., DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, The Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lange, C.N., Invertebrates Zoology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Ireri, E., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Fenwick, A., SCI, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Mkoji, G.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Webster, J.P., DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, SCI, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom	Two schistosome species-. Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni-with two very different pathological profiles (urogenital versus intestinal), are responsible for the majority of human schistosomiasis infections across sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine whether coinfections have an impact on species-specific morbidity measures when compared to single species infections. Children from two neighbouring schools in Taveta, Kenya were grouped by infection status, i.e. uninfected, single species infections or coinfected. Clinical examination of the liver and spleen by palpation was performed and urinary albumin levels were recorded at baseline and at 12 months after praziquantel administration. Additional ultrasonographic profiles of the children's liver, spleen and bladder were incorporated at follow-up. It was found that S. haematobium-associated urogenital morbidity was lower in the coinfected group relative to single S. haematobium infections, even when infection intensities were taken into account. We also observed an association between S. haematobium infection and liver (intestinal-associated) morbidity regardless of coinfections. The findings reported here suggest that further research should be performed on the impact of S. haematobium infections on liver morbidity as well as to determine the impact of mixed schistosome species infections on human morbidity outcomes across different endemic settings. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Coinfections; Human morbidity; Kenya; Polyparasitism; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis	albumin; praziquantel; child care; child health; disease; morbidity; pathology; adolescent; adult; article; bladder; child; clinical examination; controlled study; echography; elementary student; female; follow up; human; Kenya; liver; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; morbidity; palpation; preschool child; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; spleen; urinalysis; urogenital tract infection; Kenya; Schistosoma; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Coinfections; Human morbidity; Kenya; Polyparasitism; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Adolescent; Albumins; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Kenya; Liver; Male; Praziquantel; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Spleen; Urinary Bladder; Urine; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74149084703	Laboratory and field evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) oils as repellents against Phlebotomus orientalis and P. bergeroti (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ethiopia	Kebede Y., Gebre-Michael T., Balkew M.	2010	Acta Tropica	113	2	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.009	Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kebede, Y., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Gebre-Michael, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Balkew, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study evaluated the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) seed oils as repellents against laboratory and field populations of some sandflies in Ethiopia. In the laboratory, concentrations of 2% and 5% neem oil in coconut oil tested against Phlebotomus orientalis (vector of visceral leishmaniasis) provided 96.28% (95% CI = 95.60-96.97) protection up to a mean time of 7 h and 20 min and 98.26% (95% CI = 93.46-104. 07) protection up to 9 h, respectively. Similarly, M. azedarach oil at 2% concentration produced 95.13% (95% CI = 90.74-99.52) protection for the same duration (7 h and 20 min), while the 5% oil gave 96.20 (95% CI = 86.98-105.41) protection for 8 h and 20 min against the same species with no significant difference in percentage protection between the two oils at 2% and 5% concentrations. In the field tests with only neem oil (A. indica) against field populations of P. orientalis and P. bergeroti, similar high level of repellencies were recorded with about the same duration of protection. Application of both neem and Chinaberry oils can be safe and low-cost means of personal protection against sandfly bites in endemic areas of Ethiopia, if the community is advised and encouraged to grow the plants abundantly. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Azadirachta indica; Chinaberry; Leishmaniasis; Melia azedarach; Neem; Phlebotomus bergeroti; Phlebotomus orientalis; Plant repellents	coconut oil; insect repellent; vegetable oil; concentration (composition); deciduous tree; fly; laboratory method; leishmaniasis; neem; repellent; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; Ethiopia; laboratory test; Melia azedarach; nonhuman; parasite vector; Phlebotomus; Phlebotomus bergeroti; protection; Psychodidae; visceral leishmaniasis; Animals; Azadirachta; Ethiopia; Female; Glycerides; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Repellents; Insect Vectors; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Melia azedarach; Phlebotomus; Plant Oils; Terpenes; Ethiopia; Azadirachta indica; Diptera; Melia azedarach; Phlebotominae; Phlebotomus bergeroti; Phlebotomus orientalis; Psychodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956480039	Effects of Ethidium® (homidium bromide) on female reproductive performance of laboratory-reared tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)	Kibugu J.K., Muchiri M.W., Ngae G.N., Mumba A.M., Kiragu J.M.	2010	Acta Tropica	116	2	10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.07.007	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Muguga South, P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya	Kibugu, J.K., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Muchiri, M.W., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Ngae, G.N., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Muguga South, P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya; Mumba, A.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Kiragu, J.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya	Ethidium® (homidium bromide) is a trypanocide likely to be encountered as a violative residue in blood collected from abattoirs for feeding laboratory tsetse flies. We investigated its effect on female reproduction of Glossina morsitans morsitans. One-milligram homidium per kilogram body weight was intra-muscularly administered to four steers and blood aseptically collected from them between 15 and 30min post-treatment, analysed for homidium levels and processed for tsetse feeding. Two hundred teneral female flies were fed on homidium-treated diet while a control group of similar number was given untreated diet and the reproductive performance of the two groups statistically compared. Ethidium®, at 266.15ng homidium/ml blood diet, halved A-class portion of F1-pupae, highly reduced decline of F1-progeny quality associated with aging parents, but had no significant effect on the pupae viability, fecundity and abortion rate of the flies. We therefore concluded that Ethidium® has beneficial effect on laboratory tsetse attributable to clearance of unfavourable microbes mediated by the drug, and could be used as a tsetse diet additive. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Female reproduction; Glossina morsitans morsitans; Homidium	ethidium; ethidium bromide; antitrypanosomal agent; ethidium; bromide; diet; fecundity; protozoan; reproductive behavior; tsetse fly; article; bullock; controlled study; feeding; female; fertility; Glossina morsitans; male; nonhuman; paedogenesis; progeny; pupa (life cycle stage); animal; blood; cattle; comparative study; drug effect; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; growth, development and aging; physiology; reproduction; statistical model; tsetse fly; Diptera; Glossina (genus); Glossina morsitans morsitans; Glossinidae; Animals; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethidium; Female; Linear Models; Reproduction; Trypanocidal Agents; Tsetse Flies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899834640	Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-cassette assay as a survey tool for Schistosoma mansoni in different transmission settings within Bugiri District, Uganda	Adriko M., Standley C.J., Tinkitina B., Tukahebwa E.M., Fenwick A., Fleming F.M., Sousa-Figueiredo J.C., Stothard J.R., Kabatereine N.B.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.001	Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 6HT, United Kingdom	Adriko, M., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Standley, C.J., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Tinkitina, B., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Tukahebwa, E.M., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Fleming, F.M., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Sousa-Figueiredo, J.C., Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 6HT, United Kingdom; Stothard, J.R., Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda, Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Diagnosis of schistosomiasis at the point-of-care (POC) is a growing topic in neglected tropical disease research. There is a need for diagnostic tests which are affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, equipment-free and delivered to those who need it, and POC is an important tool for disease mapping and guiding mass deworming. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relative diagnostic performance of two urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) cassette assays, one commercially available and the other in experimental production, against results obtained using the standard Kato-Katz faecal smear method (six thick smears from three consecutive days), as a 'gold-standard', for Schistosoma mansoni infection in different transmission settings in Uganda. Our study was conducted among 500 school children randomly selected across 5 schools within Bugiri district, adjacent to Lake Victoria in Uganda. Considering results from the 469 pupils who provided three stool samples for the six Kato-Katz smears, 293 (76%) children had no infection, 109 (23%) were in the light intensity category, while 42 (9%) and 25 (5%) were in the moderate and heavy intensity categories respectively. Following performance analysis of CCA tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, overall performance of the commercially available CCA test was more informative than single Kato-Katz faecal smear microscopy, the current operational field standard for disease mapping. The current CCA assay is therefore a satisfactory method for surveillance of S. mansoni in an area where disease endemicity is declining due to control interventions. With the recent resolution on schistosomiasis elimination by the 65th World Health Assembly, the urine POC CCA test is an attractive tool to augment and perhaps replace the Kato-Katz sampling within ongoing control programmes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Circulating cathodic antigen (CCA); Diagnostic methods; Intestinal schistosomiasis; Point-of-care diagnosis (POC); Rapid diagnostic test (RDT); Schistosoma mansoni; Uganda	praziquantel; CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; antigen; bioassay; disease; disease control; mapping; schistosomiasis; testing method; adolescent; article; bioassay; child; circulating cathodic antigen cassette assay; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease control; disease transmission; feces analysis; female; gold standard; human; intermethod comparison; Kato Katz fecal smear method; laboratory diagnosis; major clinical study; male; point of care testing; predictive value; prevalence; quality control; randomized controlled trial; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; urinalysis; animal; epidemiology; isolation and purification; schistosomiasis mansoni; urine; Uganda; Adolescent; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751068997	A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting all school-age children of Burkina Faso against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Performance, financial costs and implications for sustainability	Gabrielli A.-F., Touré S., Sellin B., Sellin E., Ky C., Ouedraogo H., Yaogho M., Wilson M.D., Thompson H., Sanou S., Fenwick A.	2006	Acta Tropica	99	42403	10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.08.008	Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagements et Lutte, Saint-Mathurin, 56270 Ploemeur, France; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé, 03 BP7035, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso	Gabrielli, A.-F., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Touré, S., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Sellin, B., Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagements et Lutte, Saint-Mathurin, 56270 Ploemeur, France; Sellin, E., Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagements et Lutte, Saint-Mathurin, 56270 Ploemeur, France; Ky, C., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, H., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Yaogho, M., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Wilson, M.D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Thompson, H., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Sanou, S., Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé, 03 BP7035, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom	A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting the entire school-age population of Burkina Faso with drugs against schistosomiasis (praziquantel) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (albendazole) was implemented in 2004-2005. In total, 3,322,564 children from 5 to 15 years of age were treated, equivalent to a 90.8% coverage of the total school-age population of the country. The total costs of the campaign were estimated to be US$ 1,067,284, of which 69.4% was spent on the drugs. Delivery costs per child treated were US$ 0.098, in the same range as school-based only interventions implemented in other countries; total costs per child treated (including drugs) were US$ 0.32. We conclude that a combined school- and community-based strategy is effective in attaining a high coverage among school-age children in countries where school enrolment is low and where primary schools cannot serve as the exclusive drug distribution points. The challenge for Burkina Faso will now be to ensure the sustainability of these disease control activities. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Burkina Faso; Control; Financial costs; Performance; Schistosomiasis; Soil-transmitted helminthiasis; Sustainability	albendazole; praziquantel; child health; community care; cost; disease transmission; disease treatment; drug; performance assessment; sustainability; adolescent; article; Burkina Faso; child; community care; controlled study; disease control; drug cost; drug distribution; female; health care cost; health care delivery; helminthiasis; human; intervention study; major clinical study; male; primary school; schistosomiasis; school health service; Adolescent; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Burkina Faso; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Costs; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Male; Praziquantel; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Schools; Africa; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649182400	Evaluation of the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria in Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia	Mekonnen Z., Ali S., Belay G., Suleman S., Chatterjee S.	2010	Acta Tropica	113	3	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.12.001	School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Pathology Lab, Campus Drie Eiken S3.53, Faculty of Medicine, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein-1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium	Mekonnen, Z., School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ali, S., School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Belay, G., School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Suleman, S., School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Chatterjee, S., Pathology Lab, Campus Drie Eiken S3.53, Faculty of Medicine, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein-1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test relative to microscopy, for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Methods: Two hundred and forty febrile patients visiting the Serbo health center in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia, were involved in this study in 2008. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under a 100× oil immersion microscope objective for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitemia respectively. CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test was performed as per the manufacturers' instruction. Findings: The validity of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium was very good with a sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 96%. The test performed equally well for the identification of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The diagnostic performance of this CareStart™ test is comparable to light microscopy of thin and thick blood smears. Conclusion: Although CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and blood microscopy have comparable diagnostic performance for Plasmodium detection, the CareStart™ test has the added advantage of being simple to interpret, cost-efficient, and hence it is preferable to use this rapid diagnostic test for malaria diagnosis in areas where microscopy is not accessible and during times of malaria epidemics that are observed approximately every 4-5 years in Ethiopia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	CareStart™ Malaria RDT; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium	oil; blood; detection method; epidemic; epidemiology; infectious disease; malaria; microscopy; performance assessment; adolescent; adult; article; blood smear; child; controlled study; diagnostic test; Ethiopia; female; fever; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; malaria vivax; male; microscopy; parasitemia; performance measurement system; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; prediction; preschool child; school child; sensitivity and specificity; sex difference; species identification; staining; symptomatology; validity; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Ethiopia; Jimma; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857117291	Urine heme dipsticks are useful in monitoring the impact of Praziquantel treatment on Schistosoma haematobium in sentinel communities of Delta State, Nigeria	Emukah E., Gutman J., Eguagie J., Miri E.S., Yinkore P., Okocha N., Jibunor V., Nebe O., Nwoye A.I., Richards F.O.	2012	Acta Tropica	122	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.01.002	The Carter Center, Plot R/60 GRA, Off High Court Road, Box 4034, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; The Carter Center, 1 Jeka Kadima Street,	Emukah, E., The Carter Center, Plot R/60 GRA, Off High Court Road, Box 4034, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Gutman, J., Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Eguagie, J., The Carter Center, 1 Jeka Kadima Street, Box 7772, Jos, Nigeria; Miri, E.S., The Carter Center, 1 Jeka Kadima Street, Box 7772, Jos, Nigeria; Yinkore, P., Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Onyeka Close, Off Delta Broadcasting Service Road, Near LGSC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Okocha, N., Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Onyeka Close, Off Delta Broadcasting Service Road, Near LGSC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Jibunor, V., Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Onyeka Close, Off Delta Broadcasting Service Road, Near LGSC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Nebe, O., Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Secretariat Phase 3, Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Nwoye, A.I., Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Secretariat Phase 3, Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Richards, F.O., The Carter Center, One Copenhill Avenue NE, Atlanta, GA 30307-1406, United States	Nigeria is highly endemic for infection with Schistosoma haematobium, which most commonly manifests itself with blood in urine. To monitor the impact of annual mass drug administration (MDA) with Praziquantel for S. haematobium in Delta State, Nigeria, cross-sectional hematuria surveys of school children were conducted in 8 sentinel villages (SVs) at baseline (n= 240) and after two annual doses (n= 402). We assessed the comparability of three assessments of hematuria (child's reported history, nurse visual diagnosis (NVD) and dipstick) to determine the need for mass treatment. Dipstick was considered to be the gold standard. Prior to treatment, history and NVD each identified only the 3 most highly prevalent SVs, and overall this represented just 37.5% of the 8 SVs in need of treatment. Following treatment, after dipstick prevalence decreased by 88.5% (p< 0.001), and history and NVD identified only one of two villages still needing treatment. The study suggests that dipsticks should be the recommended method for launching and monitoring mass treatment for S. haematobium. © 2012.	Hematuria; Mass treatment; Monitoring; Nigeria; Praziquantel; Schistosomiasis	praziquantel; baseline survey; biomonitoring; child health; comparative study; disease prevalence; disease treatment; drug; endemic species; infectivity; schistosomiasis; village; adolescent; analytic method; article; child; community; cross-sectional study; drug monitoring; female; health survey; hematuria; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; preschool child; prevalence; schistosomiasis haematobia; school child; urine heme dipstick; Adolescent; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Monitoring; Female; Heme; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schools; Urine; Delta; Nigeria; Schistosoma haematobium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939131874	Managerial practices and factors influencing reproductive performance of dairy cows in urban/peri-urban areas of Kampala and Gulu, Uganda	Benon K.M., Owiny D.O., Båge R., Nassuna-Musoke M.G., Humblot P., Magnusson U.	2015	Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica	57	1	10.1186/s13028-015-0122-2	Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden	Benon, K.M., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Owiny, D.O., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Båge, R., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden; Nassuna-Musoke, M.G., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Humblot, P., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden; Magnusson, U., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden	Background: Urban/peri-urban dairy production and sales has evolved as an adjustment to cope with food security and economic needs for urban dwellers in low-income countries and created an opportunity to transform from subsistence rural lifestyles of dairy farming to commercial engagement in towns. However, urban/peri-urban dairy farms differ in challenges from rural dairy farms and reproduction is important and critical for assuring sustainable economic output in both environments. Here we recorded for the first time differences between two geographically and economically different cities corresponding to different settings within the same country in managerial factors influencing reproductive performance in urban/peri-urban dairy cowherds. Results: The urban/peri-urban dairy farmers in the capital Kampala were more often male (P = 0.002) and commercialized (P = 0.0025), more experienced (P = 0.0001) and practiced zero-grazing more often (P = 0.05) than in the regional municipality Gulu. Also, the milk production per herd and cow (P = 0.0005) and calving rate were (P = 0.0001) higher in Kampala and artificial insemination was more commonly (P = 0.002) used than in Gulu. There was no difference in abortion nor neonatal mortality rate between the two locations. Overall, calving rates were higher (P = 0.0003) in smaller (≤3 dairy cows) and open grazing (P = 0.003) herds. Abortion rates were higher among dairy herds practicing late (≥5 months) (P = 0.003) calf weaning and in herds with commercial purposes (P = 0.0001). Neonatal calf mortality was lower (P = 0.01) in small herds. Conclusion: The study showed significant differences between Kampala and Gulu in reproductive performance and related husbandry factors for cows in the urban/peri-urban dairy farming systems. For several reproductive performance traits we found associations with husbandry and production traits, which should be taken into account when providing advice to the urban and peri-urban dairy farmers in the tropics. © 2015 Benon et al.	Bovine; Dairy cow; Milk production; Reproductive performance; Tropics; Uganda; Urban peri-urban farming	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40349096731	Using radar charts with qualitative evaluation: Techniques to assess change in blended learning	Kaczynski D., Wood L., Harding A.	2008	Active Learning in Higher Education	9	1	10.1177/1469787407086743	University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensecola, FL 32514-5750, United States; Division of Economic and Financial Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; University of Pretoria, Department of Maths and Applied Maths, 0002 Pretori, South Africa	Kaczynski, D., University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensecola, FL 32514-5750, United States; Wood, L., Division of Economic and Financial Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Harding, A., University of Pretoria, Department of Maths and Applied Maths, 0002 Pretori, South Africa	When university academics implement changes in learning, such as introducing blended learning, it is conventional practice to examine and evaluate the impact of the resulting curriculum reform. Judging the worth and impact of an educational development is a complex task involving subtle differences in learning. Qualitative methods to explore these deep processes in learning include using interviews, observations and open-ended questionnaires targeting all stakeholders in the process, such as students, teachers, administration and technical staff. These evaluation tasks generate a mass of raw data that many faculty members in higher education are unaccustomed to analyzing. This article provides a framework using radar charts adapted from the field of organizational development. A modified six-zone radar chart was used to assess the extent of blended learning in order to compare changes in the learning environment. Data collection included interviews, classroom observations and electronic records generated during educational delivery over a 1-year period of time. A purposeful sample of online course data was collected by three participating universities in South Africa, Australia, and the United States. © 2008 SAGE Publications.	Blended learning; Curriculum development; Evaluation; Instructional assessment; International education; Qualitative research; Radar chart	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929990698	Development of an appropriate methodology for measuring economic impacts of sports events: A case study of the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa	Balkaran R., Tifflin W.	2013	Actual Problems of Economics	146	8	None	Durban University of Technology, South Africa	Balkaran, R., Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Tifflin, W., Durban University of Technology, South Africa	Major international sporting events occur on a daily basis globally and little thought goes into the actual hosts that manage a large part of these events. Many countries view hosting these events as the spin-offs to a city or country providing benefits to them in respect of tourism and its multiplier effects. To many third world countries and cities this is seen as a source of income and a means to create employment and the opportunity to earn foreign capital. Some argue that the costs incurred by the host country/ city for providing specialised infrastructure for these events, do so with the intention of having these costs off-set with the expected benefits from the sports event. It becomes essential therefore to ensure these events are well researched in respect of their benefits and overall impact to a host before committing valuable resources that could otherwise be more appropriately used. Within South African context the major national imperatives would be boosting the economy, employment creation and poverty alleviation. The paper provides various models for measuring economic impacts in the literature and critiques them with the intention of offering a suitable model/ methodology that provides necessary feedback for suitable measurements. A case study of two major Super 14 rugby matches was used in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. © Rishidaw Balkaran, Wayne Tifflin, 2013.	Economic effects of sports; Rugby; South Africa; Sports activities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906077340	Trade density for external market evaluation	Kvasha S., Ryabchenko O., Zhemoyda O.	2014	Actual Problems of Economics	156	6	None	National Scientific Centre Institute of Agrarian Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department Economy of Enterprise, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine	Kvasha, S., National Scientific Centre Institute of Agrarian Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine; Ryabchenko, O., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Zhemoyda, O., Department Economy of Enterprise, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine	The article shows that both Ukraine's accession to the WTO in 2008 and the processes of the EU enlargement have created additional challenges for trade development at the continent. Special attention is paid to historical and geographical aspects of trade development in Europe. Prospects of free trade areas, beneficial both for Ukraine and the EU, are studied in detail. Trade density in the EU is analyzed using the mathematical methods. Such aspects as tariff policy, non-tariff barriers import duties are considered separately. Agricultural markets were taken for this analysis due to their high importance for Ukraine. © Sergii Kvasha, Oksana Ryabchenko, Oleksandr Zhemoyda, 2014.	European Union; Free trade area; Trade density; Ukraine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885396038	Performance of TOTAL, in medical patients attending a resource-poor hospital in sub-Saharan Africa and a small Irish rural hospital	Opio M.O., Nansubuga G., Kellett J., Clifford M., Murray A.	2013	Acute Medicine	12	3	None	St. Joseph's Kitovu Health, Care Complex, Masaka, Uganda; Hospitalist Service, Thunder Bay Regional, Health Sciences Center, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P78 7A5, Canada; Medical Assessment Unit, Nenagh Hospital, Nenagh, Ireland; Dundalk Institute, Dundalk, Ireland	Opio, M.O., St. Joseph's Kitovu Health, Care Complex, Masaka, Uganda; Nansubuga, G., St. Joseph's Kitovu Health, Care Complex, Masaka, Uganda; Kellett, J., Hospitalist Service, Thunder Bay Regional, Health Sciences Center, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P78 7A5, Canada; Clifford, M., Medical Assessment Unit, Nenagh Hospital, Nenagh, Ireland; Murray, A., Dundalk Institute, Dundalk, Ireland	Background: Recently a very simple, easy to remember early warning score (EWS) dubbed TOTAL has been reported. The score was derived from 309 acutely ill medical patients admitted to a Malawian hospital and awards one point for Tachypnea >30 breaths per minute, one point for Oxygen saturation <90%, two points for a Temperature <35°C, one point for Altered mental status, and one point for Loss of independence as indicated by the inability to stand or walk without help. TOTAL has an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) for death within 72 hours of 78%. Methods: We compared the performance of the TOTAL score in 849 medical patients attending a resource poor hospital in Uganda and 2935 patients admitted to a small rural hospital in Ireland. Results: TOTAL's AUROC for death within 24 hours was the same in both hospital populations: 85.1% (95% CI 78.6 - 91.6%) for Kitovu Hospital patients and 84.7% (95% CI 77.1 - 92.2%) for Nenagh Hospital patients. Conclusion: The discrimination of TOTAL is exactly the same in elderly Irish patients as it is in young African patients. The score is easy to remember, easy to calculate, and works over a broad range of patients. © 2013 Rila Publications Ltd.	Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC); Medical Assessment Unit; TOTAL	adult; Africa south of the Sahara; aged; article; controlled study; female; health service; hospital; hospital admission; hospital patient; human; independence; Ireland; major clinical study; male; mental health; mortality; oxygen saturation; receiver operating characteristic; rural area; scoring system; tachypnea; temperature; Uganda; Acute Disease; Health Resources; Health Status Indicators; Hospitals, Rural; Humans; Ireland; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Uganda	None
None	None	Potential marijuana prevention programs for Hispanic communities: A review article on the impact of various health-related preventive programs targeting adolescents in the United States	Nsimba S.E.D.	2007	Addictive Disorders and their Treatment	6	4	10.1097/ADT.0b013e31802d68aa	Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), P O Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), School of Medicine, PO Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Nsimba, S.E.D., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), P O Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), School of Medicine, PO Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Marijuana and use of other illicit substances is an increasing major public health problem in developed and developing countries in the world. Studies on Hispanics, African-Americans, and other adolescent immigrants in the United States (US) have shown that this problem in this age group greatly increasing. Various studies and preventive approaches have been tried in the US to prevent the associated adverse health outcomes. However, some of these preventive approached which have employed have had limited success on marijuana use among adolescents in the US. However, this problem of marijuana and other illicit substance use continue to grow both in developed countries like the US and developing countries including like Tanzania. Globally, marijuana is locally grown in some parts of urban and rural areas and the stuff is being used most by the adolescents and young adults as it is cheap and easy to get it. Among young adolescents, global use of illicit substances is causing a lot of damages to their physical health, mental health, and social well-being. Physical evidences are vivid from street boys and gangster mobs around most cities/streets. Thus, preventive programs (interventions) need to be tailored to the particular needs of this age groups (youths and adolescents) and should address the key determinants that predict subsequent use in a manner that are culturally appropriate and responsive to the environment in which these young people live. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Adolescents; Illicit drugs; Marijuana; Prevention; Substances of abuse; US; Youths	cannabis; illicit drug; article; cannabis addiction; developed country; health hazard; health program; Hispanic; human; mental health; primary prevention; priority journal; United States; wellbeing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548949890	Processing and mechanical property evaluation of maize fiber reinforced green composites	Dauda M., Yoshiba M., Miura K., Takahashi S.	2007	Advanced Composite Materials: The Official Journal of the Japan Society of Composite Materials	16	4	10.1163/156855107782325168	Mechanical Engineering Department, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maiduguri, 1 Bama Road, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Advanced Composites Technical De	Dauda, M., Mechanical Engineering Department, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maiduguri, 1 Bama Road, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Yoshiba, M., Mechanical Engineering Department, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; Miura, K., Mechanical Engineering Department, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan, Advanced Composites Technical Department, Toray Industries Inc., Shiga 520-8558, Japan; Takahashi, S., Mechanical Engineering Department, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan	Green composites composed of long maize fibers and poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) biodegradable polyester matrix were manufactured by the thermo-mechanical processing termed as 'Sequential Molding and Forming Process' that was developed previously by the authors' research group. A variety of processing parameters such as fiber area fraction, molding temperature and forming pressure were systematically controlled and their influence on the tensile properties was investigated. It was revealed that both tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites increase steadily depending on the increase in fiber area fraction, suggesting a general conformity to the rule of mixtures (ROM), particularly up to 55% fiber area fraction. The improvement in tensile properties was found to be closely related to the good interfacial adhesion between the fiber and polymer matrix, and was observed to be more pronounced under the optimum processing condition of 130°C molding temperature and 10 MPa forming pressure. However, processing out of the optimum condition results in a deterioration in properties, mostly fiber and/or matrix degradation together with their interfacial defect as a consequence of the thermal or mechanical damages. On the basis of microstructural observation, the cause of strength degradation and its countermeasure to provide a feasible composite design are discussed in relation to the optimized process conditions. © 2007 VSP.	Biodegradable plastics; Composite materials; Materials recycling; Mechanical properties; Natural fibers	Biodegradable polymers; Composite materials; Elastic moduli; Polyesters; Reinforcement; Tensile properties; Forming pressure; Forming Processes; Materials recycling; Molding temperature; Sequential Molding; Natural fibers; Natural Fibers; Polyesters; Reinforcement; Tensile Properties	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887893283	Impact of propagation delay on the performance of satellite LTE networks	Aiyetoro G., Giambene G., Takawira F.	2014	Advanced Science Letters	20	2	10.1166/asl.2014.5351	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy; School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Aiyetoro, G., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Giambene, G., Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy; Takawira, F., School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of the Round Trip Propagation Delay (RTPD) in the satellite LTE air interface with the adoption of MIMO technology. The Satellite LTE air interface will provide global coverage and hence complement its terrestrial counterpart in the provision of LTE services to mobile users. A land mobile dualpolarized GEO satellite system has been considered for this work. The link adaption is an important module for the scheduling scheme and the satellite LTE network as a whole in order to make optimal scheduling decisions and effectively utilize the network resources respectively. However, the long RTPD experienced when Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) is reported from the User Equipment (UE) to the eNodeB via GEO satellite causes misalignment between the reported CQI at the eNodeB and the present CQI of the mobile user. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the misalignment as a result of long RTPD on the system performance of Satellite LTE network. © 2014 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.	GEO satellite; Link adaptation; LTE; RTPD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928974435	Nutritional evaluation of some legumes and vegetables cultivated and consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Sarkiyayi S., Hamman B.M.	2015	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	7	9	None	Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Sarkiyayi, S., Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Hamman, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	The study was designed to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional content Legumes and vegetables consumed in Adamawa state. The investigations were carried out on Proximate (Moisture, fibre, Ash, Protein, Nitrogen, fat, carbohydrate and Energy), mineral elements (Na, K, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn, respectively). Vitamins (vitamin A (retinol), β-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B<inf>1</inf> and Vitamin B<inf>2</inf> and Anti-ntrient composition (phytate, oxalate and Tannins). The percentage moisture ranges between 4.28% for baobab leaves to 12.78% in sesame leaves. Legumes contained higher protein contents, the highest was observed in legumes (ground nut) with 25.40% the percentage for fat and carbohydrates were higher in legumes than in vegetables. Zinc was higher in vegetables (senna leaves and sesame leaves) (5.90 mg/kg) and was absent in one of the legumes (cowpea, red). Lead was only detected in vegetable leaves. It was higher in Sesame leaves with 2.0 mg/kg, lead was not detected in all the other sample used for this research. Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea), the values ranges between 7.46 to 37.42 μg/100 g in senna leaves and cowpea (red) respectively. Vitamin C was not detected in the vegetable samples, but was detected in legume samples. Vitamin B<inf>1</inf> is higher in vegetable samples (baobab) with 1.32 mg/100 g. Riboflavin (B<inf>2</inf>) was higher in sesame leaves with 1.01 mg/100 g. The values for phytate ranges between 0.03 mg/100 g in baobab and sesame leaves condiment sample to 5.33 mg/100 g in legume (cowpea, red) respectively. Legumes and vegetables investigated revealed that the anti-nutrient contents were very high especially Oxalate and tannins but lower in phytate. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2015.	Anti-nutrient; Legumes; Mineral elements; Proximate composition; Vegetables; Vitamins	Carbohydrates; Flavonoids; Lead; Manganese; Minerals; Moisture; Nutrients; Oxalic acid; Proteins; Tannins; Vitamins; Zinc; Anti-nutritional; Legumes; Mineral element; Nutrient contents; Nutritional evaluations; Protein contents; Proximate compositions; Vegetable samples; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82655176659	Formulation and evaluation of cookies containing germinated pigeon pea, fermented sorghum and cocoyam flour blends using mixture response surface methodology	Okpala L.C., Okoli E.C.	2011	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	3	5	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Okpala, L.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Okoli, E.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Cookies were produced from blends of germinated pigeon pea, fermented sorghum and cocoyam flours. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying the proportions of these components on the sensory and protein quality of the cookies. The sensory attributes studied were colour, taste, texture, crispiness and general acceptability while the protein quality indices were Biological Value (BV) and Net Protein Utilization (NPU). Mixture response surface methodology was used to model the sensory and protein quality with single, binary and ternary combinations of germinated pigeon pea, fermented sorghum and cocoyam flours. The sum of the component proportions was always equal to 100%. Results showed that BV and NPU of most of the cookies were above minimum recommended levels. With the exception of cookies containing high levels of pigeon pea flour, cookies had acceptable sensory scores. Increase in pigeon pea flour resulted in increase in the BV and NPU. Regression equations suggested that the ternary blends produced the highest increase in all the sensory attributes (with the exception of colour). © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Cocoyam flour; Cookies; Fermented sorghum flour; Germinated pigeon pea flour; Mixture response surface methodology	Cocoyam flour; Component proportion; Cookies; Fermented sorghum flour; Flour blends; Germinated pigeon pea flour; Pigeon pea; Protein quality; Regression equation; Response Surface Methodology; Sensory attributes; Sensory scores; Ternary blends; Mixtures; Proteins; Surface properties; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887556023	Nutritional evaluation of complementary food gruels formulated from blends of soybean flour and ginger modified cocoyam starch	Ojinnaka M.C., Ebinyasi C.S., Ihemeje A., Okorie S.U.	2013	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	5	10	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri Imo State, Nigeria	Ojinnaka, M.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri Imo State, Nigeria; Ebinyasi, C.S., Department of Food Science and Technology, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri Imo State, Nigeria; Ihemeje, A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri Imo State, Nigeria; Okorie, S.U., Department of Food Science and Technology, Imo State University, PMB 2000 Owerri Imo State, Nigeria	The use of ginger modified starch and soybean flour blends in the formulation of low-cost, nutritive complementary food gruels were studied. The complementary food samples were analyzed for their nutritional, functional, anti-nutritional and sensory properties. The nutritional composition of the samples showed that the protein content increased with increased supplementation with the soybean flour from 2.68% in sample A (10:90) to 3.97% in sample D (40:60). The functional properties of the samples showed an increase in the swelling index and water absorption capacities from samples A to sample D while the bulk densities were relatively constant. The complementary food samples also showed low levels of oxalate and phytate in the range of 0.03 to 0.06% for oxalate and 0.04 to 0.07% for phytate. The sensory evaluation carried out on the complementary food samples after reconstituting into gruel with warm water, milk and sugar showed that all the samples were well accepted by the judges. © 2013 Maxwell Scientific Organization.	Cocoyam; Complementary food; Soybean	Cocoyam; Functional properties; Nutritional compositions; Nutritional evaluations; Sensory evaluation; Sensory properties; Soybean; Water absorption capacity; Food additives; Oxalic acid; Sensory perception; Water quality; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865190723	Physical and microbiological evaluation of food formulations from malted and fermented Maize (Zea mays L.) Fortified with Defatted Sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) Flour	Gernah D.I., Ariahu C.C., Umeh E.U.	2012	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	4	3	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Gernah, D.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Ariahu, C.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Umeh, E.U., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	The effects of malting and fermentation on some physical properties and microbiological composition and safety of maize/sesame food formulations were investigated. Malted and fermented maize flours were blended with defatted sesame flour, by material balancing, to give four food formulations (Unmalted maize + defatted sesame (UMS), malted maize + defatted sesame (MMS), un-malted fermented maize + defatted sesame (UFMS) and malted fermented maize + defatted sesame (MFMS)), which all contained 16 g protein and 9 g fat/100 g food. Viscosity, functional properties and microbiological composition of flours and gruels from the food formulations were evaluated using standard methods of analysis. Malting and fermentation significantly (p<0.05) decreased gruel viscosities from 318.00 to 210.70 cP, packed bulk density from 1.08 to 0.97 g/mL and swelling index from 4.43 to 2.93 mL/g; while increasing water absorption capacity from 3.30 to 4.07 g/g and reconstitution index from 5.02 to 6.13 mL/g in UMS and MFMS samples respectively. Total viable counts, yeasts and moulds all increased significantly (p<0.05) with malting and fermentation. Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus species were predominant in the non-fermented products, while yeast dominated in the fermented products, whose gruels also inhibited growth of Staphylococcus in challenge tests. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Challenge tests; Functional properties; Gruel; Moulds; Viscosity; Yeast	Bulk density; Challenge tests; Enterobacteriaceae; Functional properties; G protein; Gruel; Inhibited growth; Maize (Zea mays L.); Maize flour; Material balancing; Microbiological composition; Microbiological evaluation; Standard method; Swelling index; Total viable counts; Water absorption capacity; Fermentation; Molds; Viscosity; Yeast; Grain (agricultural product)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877902770	Chemical and sensory evaluation of bread sold in benue and Nasarawa States of central nigeria	Eke M.O., Ariahu C.C., Gernah D.I.	2013	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	5	5	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria	Eke, M.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Ariahu, C.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Gernah, D.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria	The proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents as well as sensory properties of some selected brands of bread sold in Benue and Nasarawa States were determined using standard methods of analysis. Fresh loaves of six of the most popular brands of bread, three from Benue (Top choice, Ostrich, Tito) and three from Nasarawa (Emziler, Canaan, Gods Promise), constituting samples A-F, were purchased from the respective bread factorieswithin 4hrs of their production and used for the investigation. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in proximate composition with values ranging from 30.21-35.07% (moisture), 8.74-14.22% (crude protein), 2.00- 8.10% (crude fat), 0.71-1.05% (crude fibre), 6.00-7.93% (ash) and 35.81-48.18% (carbohydrate), thus showing compliance with Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) specifications, especially in terms of moisture, protein, crudefibre and carbohydrate contents. The fat and ash contents of most of the bread samples were far above the specifications of 2.00% and 0.60% maximum, respectively. The mineral andvitamin contents were found to be quite high in all the bread samples. Sensory evaluationshowed that sample C (Tito) was the most preferred followed by sample E, A, B, D in that order. Sample F (Gods Promise) was the least preferred in terms of sensory evaluation, but showed the highest compliance to SON specifications in terms of proximate composition. All the bread samples were found to be very rich in macro-and micro-nutrients. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Bread; Compliance; Minerals; Proximate composition; Specifications; Vitamins	Bread; Carbohydrate content; Compliance; Methods of analysis; Proximate compositions; Sensory evaluation; Sensory properties; Significant differences; Carbohydrates; Minerals; Moisture; Proteins; Regulatory compliance; Specifications; Vitamins; Food products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887508077	Sensory and chemical evaluation of Beef Based Dambu-nama (BBDN)	Eke M.O., Ariahu C.C., Abu J.O.	2013	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	5	10	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Eke, M.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Ariahu, C.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Abu, J.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	The bioavailabilty of the Beef Based Dambu-nama (BBDN) were evaluated by the analysis of the amino acids, minerals, vitamins and proximate composition using four processing treatments. Samples of Beef Based Dambu-nama (BBDN) were processed using (4) separate treatments and analyzed for their sensory and chemical characteristics. The chemical properties evaluated includes; chemical, amino-acid composition and the mineral contents. The treatments were 425 (cooked for 90 min and not fried), 509 (cooked for 60 min and fried for 10 min) and 511 (cooked for 60 min and not fried). The sensory result showed high acceptability of the product though sample 430 (cooked for 90 min and shallow fried for 10 min) was the most preferred. Result of the proximate composition showed that the crude protein was high (37.14-45.86%), low fat content (11.2-17.84%) and high ash content (4.87-5.18%), which indicate that BBDN (beef based Dambu-nama) have a high nutrient content. The Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) value of 0.40-0.45 mgmaloaldeyd e/g sample also indicates that there is no lipid oxidation while the high relative pH of 6.32-6.34 indicates that the animal was stressed before or during the slaughtering process. Similarly, the low moisture content (5.10-7.00%) guarantees longer shelf life because of the low water activity which inhibits microbial growth. The amino acid composition also showed that BBDN have excellent values for both essential and non-essential amino acid which are important components for healing and protein synthesis processes. The mineral concentration of BBDN also showed that the Ca/P, Na/K ratio was higher than (1) and thus an excellent food because sodium and potassium are required to maintain osmotic balance of body fluid, pH of the body and regulate muscle and nerve irritability. © 2013 Maxwell Scientific Organization.	Amino acid; Beef based Dambu-nama; Mineral compositions; Proximate and sensory	Amino acid compositions; Chemical characteristic; Chemical evaluation; Mineral composition; Proximate and sensory; Proximate compositions; Slaughtering process; Thiobarbituric acid; Amino acids; Chemical analysis; Minerals; Meats	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887532618	Nutritional evaluation of yoghurt-like product from baobab (adansonia digitata) fruit pulp emulsion and the micronutrient content of baobab leaves	Eke M.O., Olaitan N.I., Sule H.I.	2013	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	5	10	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Home Science and Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Tech	Eke, M.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Olaitan, N.I., Department of Home Science and Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Sule, H.I., Department of Food Science and Technonology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Baobab fruit pulp is grossly underutilised and thus this research aims at increasing the utilization of the fruit pulp which contains very high minerals and vitamins. The growing incidences of malnutrition especially in a developing country like Nigeria are quite alarming. Researchers are now being directed to exploring new and non-conventional sources of food such as baobab that is grown in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. All parts of the baobab tree are absolutely useful and can either be use as food, beverages or ingredient, Baobab leaves can provide about 13-15% protein 60-70% carbohydrate, 4-10% fat, 11% fibre, 16% Ash and the energy value varies between 1180-1900 KJ/100 g on dry wet basis. The baobab fruit pulp is an excellent source of minerals and vitamins. It contain about 240 mg/100 g of potassium, 295 mg/100 g of calcium and 190 mg/100 g of Magnesium. Similarly, it contains, about 236 mg/100 g of Vitamin C and 80 mg/100 mL of Vitamin A. Due to the high protein content, low fat content and high value of metabolize able energy baobab fruit pulp or leaves are excellent source of food to be used to curb the ugly high trend of malnutrition in developing country like Nigeria. © 2013 Maxwell Scientific Organization.	Baobab fruit pulp and leaves; Developing countries (Nigeria); Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Yoghurt like product	Fruit pulps; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Nigeria; Yoghurt like product; Arid regions; Developing countries; Emulsification; Nutrition; Trace elements; Vitamins; Fruits	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921958716	Comparative quality evaluation of roasted cashew nut kernel: Effect of roasting methods	Kosoko S.B., Oluwole O.B., Daramola A.O., Adepoju M.A., Oyelakin A.J., Tugbobo-amisu A.O., Alagbe G.O., Elemo G.N.	2014	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	6	12	None	Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Production, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial	Kosoko, S.B., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Oluwole, O.B., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Daramola, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adepoju, M.A., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Oyelakin, A.J., Department of Production, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Tugbobo-amisu, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Alagbe, G.O., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria; Elemo, G.N., Department of Food Technology, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria, Department of Production, Analytical Services and Laboratory Management, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to determine the effect of two roasting methods on the chemical, microbial as well as the sensory qualities of cashew nut kernels. Raw cashew nut was processed to obtain the plain cashew kernels and was divided into two portions which were subjected to different roasting treatments using conventionalair oven and halogen oven at a temperature of 200°C for 40 min, respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the conventional-oven roasted cashew kernel had higher moisture content, protein and crude fiber values of 4.68%±0.18, 18.34±0.94 and 2.11±0.08, respectively than the roasted sample using halogen-oven. In halogen-oven roasted kernel, the fat, carbohydrate, fatty acid and metabolizeable energy contents were higher (45.62±0.98, 2.53±0.08, 30.04±0.95, 39.23±0.85 and 2480.04±21.00, respectively). The mineral analysis indicated that the halogen-oven roasted kernels had higher values except in the case of Magnesium (Mg), which was higher in the conventional-oven roasted cashew nuts. The microbial assessment of the cashew kernels showed that halogen-oven cashew roasted kernel had a reduced value in all the microbiological analysis carried out with the exception of staphylococcus count. However, E. coli was not present in any of the cashew kernel samples. Based on the sensory rating, halogen-oven roasted cashew kernel had the highest overall acceptability sensory rating. It was observed that chemical parameters of fat, fatty acid and metabolizable energy show positive correlation at both (p<0.01) and (p<0.05) for the sensory attributes of color, taste, crispiness, flavor and overall acceptability while the chemical parameters of moisture content protein and crude fibre showed a negative correlation for all the sensory attributes. The results of this study indicated that halogen-oven will be better option for producing nutritious and wholesome roasted cashew nut kernels with acceptable sensory qualities. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2014.	Cashew nut kernel; Chemical; Conventional-oven; Halogen oven; Microbial; Sensory	Chemical analysis; Chemicals; Escherichia coli; Fatty acids; Moisture; Moisture determination; Ovens; Proteins; Quality control; Cashew nut; Conventional ovens; Metabolizable energies; Microbial; Microbiological analysis; Overall acceptability; Positive correlations; Sensory; Calcination; Anacardium occidentale; Staphylococcus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865168216	Production and quality evaluation of soy-corn yoghurt	Makanjuola O.M.	2012	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	4	3	None	Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 50, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria	Makanjuola, O.M., Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 50, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria	In the recent years, research efforts in the developing countries have been geared towards the improvement of protein quality foods using blends of legume and cereal which is considered a nutritionally balanced product. Therefore, this present study is aimed at finding local substitute for milk based product with high protein content of a well balancing amino acid composition and high digestibility; determining the proximate composition, microbial analysis as well as sensory evaluation of soy-corn yoghurt with a view of knowing the consumer acceptability of the product. Yoghurt samples were produced from blends of soymilk and corn milk (yellow maize corn) using Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus as starter cultures. Ratio of soy milk to corn milk were 80%:20%; 70%:30% and 100% soymilk as control. The yoghurt samples produced were coded A, B and C representing 100% soy yoghurt, 80%:20% soy corn yoghurt and 70%:30% soy corn yoghurt respectively. Yoghurt samples were subjected to chemical, microbiological and organoleptic assessment. The results of chemical analysis revealed protein contents of 4.30, 4.00 and 3.70% respectively for the samples. Fat contents varied between 2.10 and 2.60%, while ash contents of 0.50, 0.60 and 0.62% were obtained for the samples respectively. Total solids of between 10.98 and 8.80% were obtained with titratable acidity of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.06%, respectively. The carbohydrate contents of the samples ranged from 1.40 to 4.50% while all the samples showed fairly acidic levels. Water contents of between 89.00 and 91.20% were obtained. The microbiological examination revealed a tolerable level for all the samples. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Corn milk; Soy milk; Soy-corn yoghurt	Amino acid compositions; Ash contents; Carbohydrate content; Consumer acceptability; Corn milk; Fat contents; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Microbial analysis; Protein contents; Protein quality; Proximate compositions; Quality evaluation; Research efforts; Sensory evaluation; Soy milk; Soy-corn yoghurt; Starter cultures; Titratable acidity; Total solids; Amino acids; Bacilli; Carbohydrates; Cereal products; Developing countries; Grain (agricultural product); Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891378371	Comparative evaluation of the nutritional and sensory quality of major commercial whole-wheat breads in Nigerian market	Ndife J., Obiegbunna J., Ajayi S.	2013	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	5	12	None	Department of Food Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Tech., Nnamdi Azikiwe University of Tech, Awka, Nigeria	Ndife, J., Department of Food Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria; Obiegbunna, J., Department of Food Science and Tech., Nnamdi Azikiwe University of Tech, Awka, Nigeria; Ajayi, S., Department of Food Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria	The study examined the nutritional, microbial and sensory profile of regularly consumed commercial whole wheat breads in Nigeria in order to offer an insight into the overall quality of these foods. Four major local brands of commercial whole wheat breads (samples A, B, C and D) were evaluated. The normal white bread (sample E) served as control. Results of the physical properties obtained, showed that the white bread (sample E) had higher values for bread volume (2850 cm3), specific volume (4.38 cm3/g), hydration capacity (4.50%) and compressibility (45%) than the whole wheat breads. No trace of bromate was found in all the bread samples. The proximate analyses for the whole wheat bread showed the moisture content to range from (30.64-38.74%), fat (3.5-5.0%), Fibre (2.5-3.5%) higher than in white bread (26.40, 3.0 and 1.20% respectively). While the whole wheat breads had lower levels of protein (5.25-6.48%), carbohydrate (45.74-51.25%) and energy (249-258 Kcal) when compared to white bread of 9.00, 59.40% and 301 Kcal, respectively. The ash and mineral contents of the whole wheat breads were higher than that of white bread. While the viable microbial counts for the whole wheat breads (1.0×102-1.5×102) were lower than in the white bread (3.1×102). Generally, the bread samples were within the regulatory specifications and the whole wheat breads were nutritionally superior to the white bread while the white bread had better overall sensory preference than the whole wheat breads. © 2013 Maxwell Scientific Organization.	Bread; Chemical composition; Mineral; Sensory quality; Whole wheat	Bread; Chemical compositions; Comparative evaluations; Hydration capacity; Sensory preferences; Sensory qualities; Whole wheat; Whole-wheat breads; Chemistry; Food technology; Minerals; Food products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920182011	Quality evaluation of coffee-like beverage from baobab (Adansonia diditata) seed	Olaitan N.I., Eke M.O., Aitiya E.	2014	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	6	9	None	Department of Home Science and Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology,	Olaitan, N.I., Department of Home Science and Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Eke, M.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Aitiya, E., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polythenic, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Coffee, one of the most consumed beverages in the world is slightly acidic (pH 5.0-5.1) and contains caffeine which has stimulating effect on human and also found to have negative effect on the brain, kidney, cardiovascular and respiratory systems hence the need to produce coffee-like beverages without such negative effects on the body. Baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed was cleaned and roasted at different temperatures (100°C, 120°C and 150°C) for 30 min, was milled and sieved. A group of three of the sieved samples was blended with spices (cloves and ginger) at 0.5% conc. and oven dried at 30°C for 30 min while the other group of three was without spice. Sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis were carried out on these six samples. Results revealed that the group roasted at 150°C for 30 min with spices was the most generally accepted sample for baobab seed coffee-like beverage and the total mould and bacterial count decreased as roasting temperature increased. Proximate, caffeine, mineral, vitamin and anti-nutrient content determination were carried out on the most preferred sample with fresh baobab seed flour serving as control. Results revealed that roasting at 150°C for 30 min significantly (p≤0.05) increased the protein, carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium content but significantly (p≤0.05) decreased the moisture, fat, energy, caffeine, iron, oxalate, phytate, tannin and saponin content of the sample. The vitamin content of the fresh baobab seed flour and roasted sample at 150°C for 30 min with spices were significantly (p≥0.05) not different. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2014.	Baobab seed; Caffeine; Chemical composition; Coffee-like beverage; Sensory evaluation	Beverages; Caffeine; Coffee; Food products; Respiratory system; Sensory analysis; Bacterial count; Chemical compositions; Microbiological analysis; Nutrient contents; Quality evaluation; Roasting temperature; Sensory evaluation; Stimulating effects; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455188587	Evaluation of elemental contents of wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) fruit in Ghana	Ayivor J.E., Debrah S.K., Nuviadenu C., Forson A.	2011	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	3	5	None	National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana	Ayivor, J.E., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Debrah, S.K., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana; Nuviadenu, C., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana; Forson, A., Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana	A preliminary study to provide information on the elemental composition of the Irvingia gabonensis which is used for various purposes such as cooking, medicine, soap and as fresh fruit was conducted in Ghana. Elements determined includes Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Chlorine (Cl), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Iodine (I), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), and Zinc (Zn). Samples from multiple locations in the southern part of Ghana were analyzed using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The seed cover (endocarp) presented the highest concentrations of all the elements except Mg and Cu. Toxic and potentially toxic elements including Al and As were detected at average concentrations of 37.78±1.36 and 9.34±0.66. Iron had the hight concentration in all the parts of the fruit analyzed in this study with its highest concentration at 1730±180.83 in the seed coat (endocarp) of the wild mango fruit. The results of this present investigation show that all the parts of the wild mango a rich source of many important elements that have a very positive effect on human health. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Endocarp; INAA; Irvingia gabonensis; Mesocarp; Seed	Average concentration; Elemental compositions; Elemental contents; Endocarp; Fresh fruits; Human health; INAA; Instrumental neutron activation analysis; Irvingia gabonensis; Mesocarp; Positive effects; Potentially toxic elements; Seed coats; Arsenic; Chlorine; Cobalt; Fruits; Iodine; Magnesium; Manganese; Potassium; Seed; Sodium; Toxic materials; Zinc; Neutron activation analysis	None
None	None	Maize production in a changing climate. impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies	Cairns J.E., Sonder K., Zaidi P.H., Verhulst N., Mahuku G., Babu R., Nair S.K., Das B., Govaerts B., Vinayan M.T., Rashid Z., Noor J.J., Devi P., San Vicente F., Prasanna B.M.	2012	Advances in Agronomy	114	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Cairns, J.E., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Sonder, K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Zaidi, P.H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Verhulst, N., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Mahuku, G., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Babu, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Nair, S.K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Das, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Vinayan, M.T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Rashid, Z., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Noor, J.J., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Devi, P., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; San Vicente, F., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Prasanna, B.M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Plant breeding and improved management options have made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields during the past century. However, climate change projections suggest that large yield losses will be occurring in many regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa. The development of climate-ready germplasm to offset these losses is of the upmost importance. Given the time lag between the development of improved germplasm and adoption in farmers' fields, the development of improved breeding pipelines needs to be a high priority. Recent advances in molecular breeding provide powerful tools to accelerate breeding gains and dissect stress adaptation. This review focuses on achievements in stress tolerance breeding and physiology and presents future tools for quick and efficient germplasm development. Sustainable agronomic and resource management practices can effectively contribute to climate change mitigation. Management options to increase maize system resilience to climate-related stresses and mitigate the effects of future climate change are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Abiotic stress; Adaptation; Biotic stress; Climate change; Climate projections; Maize; Mitigation; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871357624	Ground-based in situ measurements of near-surface aerosol mass concentration over Anantapur: Heterogeneity in source impacts	Reddy B.S.K., Kumar K.R., Balakrishnaiah G., Gopal K.R., Reddy R.R., Sivakumar V., Arafath S.M., Lingaswamy A.P., Pavankumari S., Umadevi K., Ahammed Y.N.	2013	Advances in Atmospheric Sciences	30	1	10.1007/s00376-012-1234-5	Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Reddy, B.S.K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; Kumar, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Balakrishnaiah, G., Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Gopal, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Reddy, R.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Sivakumar, V., School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Arafath, S.M., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Lingaswamy, A.P., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Pavankumari, S., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Umadevi, K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Ahammed, Y.N., Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Surface measurements of aerosol physical properties were made at Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m a. s. l), a semiarid rural site in India, during August 2008-July 2009. Measurements included the segregated sizes of aerosolsas as well as total mass concentration and size distributions of aerosols measured at low relative humidity (RH&lt;75%) using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) in the 25-0.05 μm aerodynamic diameter range. The hourly average total surface aerosol mass concentration in a day varied from 15 to 70 μg m-3, with a mean value of 34.02±9.05 μg m-3 for the entire study period. A clear diurnal pattern appeared in coarse, accumulation and nucleation-mode particle concentrations, with two local maxima occurring in early morning and late evening hours. The concentration of coarse-mode particles was high during the summer season, with a maximum concentration of 11.81±0.98 μg m-3 in the month of April, whereas accumulationmode concentration was observed to be high in the winter period contributed &gt;68% to the total aerosol mass concentration. Accumulation aerosol mass fraction, Af (= Ma/Mt) was highest during winter (mean value of Af ~ 0.80) and lowest (Af ~ 0.64) during the monsoon season. The regression analysis shows that both Reff and Rm are dependent on coarse-mode aerosols. The relationship between the simultaneous measurements of daily mean aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) and PM2.5 mass concentration ([PM2.5]) shows that surface-level aerosol mass concentration increases with the increase in columnar aerosol optical depth over the observation period. © 2012 Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	aerosols mass concentration; backward trajectories; effective radius; size distribution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960393924	Effect of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient content and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)	Adejobi K.B., Famaye A.O., Adeniyi D.O., Orisajo S.B., Adeyemi E.A.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	7	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adejobi, K.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeniyi, D.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Orisajo, S.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, E.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The effect of different levels of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient uptake and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seedlings was investigated at Ibadan in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. The organic fertilizer treatments; cocoa pod husk ash(CPHA) and goat dung(GD) were applied at 6.5g of CPHA (5t/ha), 25g of GD (20t/ha) 12.5g of GD +6.5g of CPHA (10+5t/ha) 18.75g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (15t+6.5t/ha), 25g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (20t+5t/ha) 6.5g of GD+6.5g of CPHA (5t+5t/ha), 0.6g of urea (400kg/ha), per 2.5 kg of soil filled poly bag. The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased significantly (p<0.05) the growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area leaf number, number of branch, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and root and shoot fresh weight), soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na soil pH and organic matter (O.M) compared to the control treatment. 20 t/ha of GD + 5 tons/ha of CPHA treatment had the highest values of cashew seedlings performance compared to 5t/ha CPHA, 20t/ha GD, 400kg / ha urea, and the control treatment respectively. For instance, combined application of 20t/ha of GD +5t/ha of CPHA increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, fresh and dry root weight,fresh and dry shoot weight of cashew seedlings by 45%, 29%, 12%, 52%, 59%,34%, 32%, 14%, 14%, 33% and 17% respectively compared to sole application of 20 tons/ha of GD. When compared with urea fertilizer application, 20t/ha GD+5t/ha CPHA treatment also increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, dry and fresh root weight, dry and fresh shoot weight of cashew seeding by 25%, 28% 9%,46%,59%,19%,18%,32%,14%,6% and 13% respectively. For leaf chemical composition of cashew seedlings, 20t/ha GD and 5t CPHA increased leaf N, P, K, Mg, Ca and Na by 57%, 22%, 27%,28%, 50%, and 56% respectively compared with the control. When compared with urea fertilizer treatment, 20t/ha of GD + 5 t/ ha of CPHA increased the leaf N, P, K, Mg and Ca by 18%,56%, 10% 12% and 20%, respectively. However, urea fertilizer increased leaf N, K, and Ca by 48%, 19%, and 38% compared to control treatment. For soil chemical composition, 20t/ha GD 5t/ha CPHA manure also increased the soil pH, OC, OM, N,P, K, Na, Mg and Ca by 18%,26%, 29%, 50%, 80%, 43%, 30%, 14%, and 9% respectively compared to urea fertilizer treatment. However, 20%t/ha GD + 5t/ha CPHA (25g GD+6.5g CPHA) was the most effective treatment in improving cashew seedlings performance, soil and leaf mineral composition. Therefore it could be recommended to cashew farmers.	Cashew; Cocoa pod husk ash; Goat dung; Growth; Nutrient uptake	Anacardium occidentale; Capra hircus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052067781	Evaluation of neem seed extract for the control of major field pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) under calendar and monitored sprays	Egho E.O.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	1	None	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Egho, E.O., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Cowpea growers sometimes apply chemicals as many as 8-10 times to control insect pests during the growing season. Calendar sprays at 7 days' intervals (CA.S7) carried out 5 times and 10 days' intervals (CA.S10) carried out 4 times and monitored spray (MOS) carried out only when insect infestation/damage reached or exceeded the action threshold were studied to find out their effect on major insect pests and yield of cowpea - whether there were differences in the number of insect pests and grain yield. The insect pests studied were the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, legume bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb, legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. and pod sucking bugs under the application of 5% aqueous extract of neem seed kernel extract (NSKE). The trials were conducted during the early and late planting seasons in Abraka, on a piece of land half a kilometre to Campus 2, Delta State University, Nigeria. The results indicated that calendar sprays significantly controlled A. craccivora colonies compared to control in the early season. Population of other major insect pests was generally low. During the late season, the various NSKE treatments effectively controlled A. craccivora. No significant difference among the treatments in their effect on the other major insect pests. Grain yields were high in both seasons and a significant difference did not exist among the calendar and monitored spray treatments. Three main things are obvious from this study: (1) neem seed kernel extract is effective in the control of cowpea insect pests, especially A. craccivora, (2) Grain yields were similar in calendar and monitor sprays. (3) spraying every 10 days for 4 times and monitoring insect pest damage/infestation before spraying reduced the number of chemical application.	Calendar and monitored sprays; Cowpea; Insect pests; Neem extract	Aphididae; Aphis craccivora; Azadirachta indica; Hexapoda; Maruca vitrata; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Thysanoptera; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052277610	Cultivation performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria, using wood chippings and rice straw waste	Akinmusire O.O., Omomowo I.O., Oguntoye S.I.K.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	8	None	Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Akinmusire, O.O., Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Omomowo, I.O., Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Oguntoye, S.I.K., Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	An attempt was made to investigate the potential of growing Pleurotus pulmonarius in the hot climatic weather environment of Maiduguri, Nigeria by using cheap and easily available waste materials. The steps involved in the cultivation were composting the substrates, bagging the substrates, sterilizing the bagged compost, spawning, incubation and cropping. A completely randomized design was used with two treatments and five replications. An un-inoculated bag served as the control. On the average, spawn run duration, pinhead formation and fructification was faster for the rice straw substrate when compared to the sawdust substrate. It took an average of 22days for the spawn run in rice straw substrate, compare to 35days for the sawdust substrate. Also, pinhead formation was faster in rice straw substrate when compare with sawdust substrate. The result showed the potential of cheap and easily available substrate for oyster mushroom production.	Fructification; Pin head; Spawning; Waste materials	Pleurotus; Pleurotus ostreatus; Pleurotus pulmonarius	None
None	None	Immune system modulation by helminth infections: Potential impact on HIV transmission and disease progression	Chachage M., Geldmacher C.	2014	Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology	828	None	10.1007/978-1-4939-1489-0_6	Department of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Hospital Hill road, Mbeya, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical center of the University of Munish (LMU), Munich, Germany	Chachage, M., Department of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Hospital Hill road, Mbeya, Tanzania; Geldmacher, C., Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical center of the University of Munish (LMU), Munich, Germany	[No abstract available]	None	albendazole; CD14 antigen; CD38 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; immunoglobulin E; interleukin 13; interleukin 17; interleukin 4; interleukin 5; RANTES; soil; Article; ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cost effectiveness analysis; cytokine production; cytokine response; disease course; disease predisposition; eosinophilia; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunomodulation; immunostimulation; in vitro study; in vivo study; incidence; infection risk; microbial translocation; microbiological phenomena and functions; nonhuman; pathogenesis; phylogeny; political system; prevalence; priority journal; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomiasis mansoni; sequence analysis; signal transduction; trichuriasis; Trichuris trichiura; virus load; virus replication; virus transmission; animal; bacterial translocation; CD4+ T lymphocyte; helminthiasis; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; parasitology; soil; transmission; Vermes; Animals; Bacterial Translocation; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Disease Susceptibility; Helminthiasis; HIV Infections; Humans; Soil	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921477348	Leveraging agriculture for nutrition impact through the feed the future initiative	Du L., Pinga V., Klein A., Danton H.	2015	Advances in Food and Nutrition Research	74	None	10.1016/bs.afnr.2014.11.001	Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally, The SPRING project/Helen Keller International, Nigeria; SPRING/Save the Children, United States; SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria	Du, L., Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally, The SPRING project/Helen Keller International, Nigeria; Pinga, V., SPRING/Save the Children, United States; Klein, A., SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria; Danton, H., SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria	Nutrition is a multisectoral problem; current state of empirical evidence for agricultural interventions' impacts on nutrition is weak. In the past 10 years, both agriculture and nutrition have risen on the global policy agenda. Several recent international movements have created great momentum for nutrition among global political leaders and policymakers. The 2008 world food price crisis prompted larger investment pledges to agricultural development.The U.S. Government launched the Feed the Future initiative in 2009 to address global hunger and food security, with a primary goal to reduce poverty and undernutrition by simultaneously promoting inclusive agriculture sector growth and improved nutritional status for women and children. With operations in 19 focus countries, Feed the Future provides an important laboratory of learning where efforts can be effective and, once proven, taken to scale to make agriculture work for nutrition.The Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) project has been conducting a series of research on the Feed the Future initiative. This chapter will first provide a review of the nutrition narrative in relation to food and nutrition, introduce the current understanding of linkages between agriculture and nutrition and the Feed the Future initiative's efforts to strengthen the nutritional impact of agricultural and economic growth activities, and describe an extensive review of how the design and early implementation of Feed the Future activities linked agriculture and nutrition. Finally, the chapter presents an updated framework that incorporates ways to improve nutrition outcomes of agricultural programming in the broader context of food system. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Agriculture; Feed the Future; Food systems; Landscape analysis; Nutrition; Pathways; SPRING; USAID	agriculture; animal; diet; environment; environmental protection; female; food; food handling; food preservation; gender identity; human; infant; male; malnutrition; mortality; newborn; nutrition; nutritional value; preschool child; Agriculture; Animals; Child, Preschool; Conservation of Natural Resources; Diet; Environment; Female; Food; Food Handling; Food Preservation; Gender Identity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritive Value; Women	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887909448	Genomics of elite sporting performance: What little we know and necessary advances	Wang G., Padmanabhan S., Wolfarth B., Fuku N., Lucia A., Ahmetov I.I., Cieszczyk P., Collins M., Eynon N., Klissouras V., Williams A., Pitsiladis Y.	2013	Advances in Genetics	84	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-407703-4.00004-9	Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia	Wang, G., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Padmanabhan, S., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Wolfarth, B., Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Fuku, N., Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Lucia, A., European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Ahmetov, I.I., Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Cieszczyk, P., Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Collins, M., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Eynon, N., Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Klissouras, V., Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Williams, A., Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	Numerous reports of genetic associations with performance- and injury-related phenotypes have been published over the past three decades; these studies have employed primarily the candidate gene approach to identify genes that associate with elite performance or with variation in performance-and/or injury-related traits. Although generally with small effect sizes and heavily prone to type I statistic error, the number of candidate genetic variants that can potentially explain elite athletic status, injury predisposition, or indeed response to training will be much higher than that examined by numerous biotechnology companies. Priority should therefore be given to applying whole genome technology to sufficiently large study cohorts of world-class athletes with adequately measured phenotypes where it is possible to increase statistical power. Some of the elite athlete cohorts described in the literature might suffice, and collectively, these cohorts could be used for replication purposes. Genome-wide association studies are ongoing in some of these cohorts (i.e., Genathlete, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, United States, and Jamaican cohorts), and preliminary findings include the identification of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; among more than a million SNPs analyzed) that associates with sprint performance in Japanese, American (i.e., African American), and Jamaican cohorts with a combined effect size of ~2.6 (P-value &lt;5×10-7) and good concordance with endurance performance between select cohorts. Further replications of these signals in independent cohorts will be required, and any replicated SNPs will be taken forward for fine-mapping/targeted resequencing and functional studies to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms. Only after this lengthy and costly process will the true potential of genetic testing in sport be determined. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; Candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite performance; Genome-wide association study; Single nucleotide polymorphism	ACE protein, human; actinin; ACTN3 protein, human; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; article; athlete; athletic performance; candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite Performance; genetic association; genetic screening; genetics; human; running; single nucleotide polymorphism; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; candidate gene association study; complex trait; elite performance; genome-wide association study; single nucleotide polymorphism; Actinin; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Genetic Testing; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749018732	Performance of academically at-risk medical students in a problem-based learning programme: A preliminary report	Burch V.C., Sikakana C.N.T., Yeld N., Seggie J.L., Schmidt H.G.	2007	Advances in Health Sciences Education	12	3	10.1007/s10459-006-9006-6	Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Burch, V.C., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Sikakana, C.N.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Yeld, N., Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seggie, J.L., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmidt, H.G., Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Racially segregated schooling, a legacy of Apartheid policies, continues to hamper education in South Africa. Students entering university from suboptimal circumstances are at significant risk of demonstrating poor academic performance and dropping out of their programmes. Attempts to address the educational needs of these students have included the introduction of extended medical programmes at several universities. Such a programme, the Academic Development Programme (ADP), was implemented at the University of Cape Town in 1991. Over the past decade the programme has graduated more than 100 students. Upon implementation of a new problem-based learning (PBL) programme in 2002, the ADP was discontinued and all students were entered directly into the new PBL programme. Students who demonstrate a need for additional academic support by the end of the first semester enter the Intervention Programme for 1 year before proceeding to the second semester of the PBL programme. An interim analysis was performed to compare the retention rates and academic performance of academically at-risk students in the new PBL programme and the ADP. The records of all academically at-risk students entering the ADP (1991-2000) and the new PBL programme (2002) were reviewed. Retention rates for all years of study, and academic performance in the fourth year clerkship courses of the respective programmes were compared. A total of 239 academically at-risk students in the ADP and 43 at-risk students in the new PBL programme were studied. The median retention rates, per year of study, for at-risk students in the PBL programme was significantly better than for at-risk students in the ADP (p<0.02). Academic performance of the at-risk students in all the fourth year clinical clerkship courses of the PBL programme was significantly better than the mean performance over 10 years for at-risk students in the same fourth year courses in the ADP. The introduction of PBL at the University of Cape Town has not had a deleterious effect on the performance of academically at-risk medical students. Interim analysis suggests that retention rates and academic performance in the PBL programme are better than those achieved in the extended traditional programme. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Academically disadvantaged students; Dropout rates; Problem-based learning; Undergraduate medical training	article; cultural deprivation; education; health care quality; human; medical education; medical student; methodology; Negro; problem based learning; program development; psychological aspect; social psychology; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; teaching; time; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cultural Deprivation; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Prejudice; Problem-Based Learning; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Remedial Teaching; School Admission Criteria; South Africa; Student Dropouts; Students, Medical; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649904322	The mechanism of impact of summative assessment on medical students' learning	Cilliers F.J., Schuwirth L.W., Adendorff H.J., Herman N., van der Vleuten C.P.	2010	Advances in Health Sciences Education	15	5	10.1007/s10459-010-9232-9	Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands	Cilliers, F.J., Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; Schuwirth, L.W., University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands; Adendorff, H.J., Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; Herman, N., Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; van der Vleuten, C.P., University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands	It has become axiomatic that assessment impacts powerfully on student learning, but there is a surprising dearth of research on how. This study explored the mechanism of impact of summative assessment on the process of learning of theory in higher education. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with medical students and analyzed qualitatively. The impact of assessment on learning was mediated through various determinants of action. Respondents' learning behaviour was influenced by: appraising the impact of assessment; appraising their learning response; their perceptions of agency; and contextual factors. This study adds to scant extant evidence and proposes a mechanism to explain this impact. It should help enhance the use of assessment as a tool to augment learning. © 2010 The Author(s).	Assessment; Determinants of action; Learning; Mechanism of impact	article; cognition; education; educational model; educational status; female; human; learning; male; medical education; medical student; methodology; motivation; self concept; teaching; Cognition; Education, Medical; Educational Measurement; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Models, Educational; Motivation; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; Students, Medical; Teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914688982	Evaluation of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in hypertensive patients attending a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria	Nnenna Adaeze N., Uchenna Emeribe A., Abdullahi Nasiru I., Babayo A., Uko E.K.	2014	Advances in Hematology	2014	None	10.1155/2014/932039	Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Haematology and Blood Group Serology Unit, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, PMB 228, Gwagwalada, Abuja,	Nnenna Adaeze, N., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Haematology and Blood Group Serology Unit, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Uchenna Emeribe, A., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, PMB 228, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Abdullahi Nasiru, I., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, PMB 228, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Babayo, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Uko, E.K., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Haematology and Blood Group Serology Unit, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Introduction. Several biomedical findings have established the effects of hypertension on haemostasis and roles of blood coagulation products in the clinical course of hypertension. Methods. This cross-sectional study aimed at determining effects of hypertension on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in hypertensive patients in comparison with normotensive subjects attending a tertiary hospital in Calabar. Forty-two (42) hypertensive patients and thirty-nine (39) normotensive control subjects were investigated for PT and APTT using Quick one-stage methods. Results. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) correlated positively with APTT (r=0.3072, r=0.4988; P<0.05) in hypertensive patients. DBP, SBP, PT, and APTT were significantly higher in hypertensive patients when compared to normotensive subjects (P<0.05). DBP correlated negatively with duration of illness (r=-0.3097; P<0.05) in hypertensive patients and positively with age of normotensive subjects (r=0.3523; P<0.05). Conclusion. The results obtained indicated that measurements of PT and APTT may serve as indices for evaluating hemostatic abnormalities in hypertensive patients and guide for antihypertensive therapy. However, to have better understanding of hemostatic activities in hypertension, it is recommended to conduct D-dimer, platelet factors, and protein assays. © 2014 Nnamani Nnenna Adaeze et al.	None	adult; age; aged; Article; clinical article; controlled study; correlation analysis; cross-sectional study; diastolic blood pressure; disease course; disease duration; female; hemostasis; human; hypertension; male; Nigeria; partial thromboplastin time; prothrombin time; sex difference; systolic blood pressure; tertiary care center	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912023130	Performance improvement by scheduling techniques: A case of leather industry development institute	Habib A., Jilcha K., Berhan E.	2015	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing	334	None	10.1007/978-3-319-13572-4_21	Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Habib, A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jilcha, K., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhan, E., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The model leather products manufacturing factory of leather industry development institute (LIDI) suffers from poor performances due to various problems. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to improve the performance of the case company using scheduling techniques. Proper scheduling technique can result in dramatic improvements in layout, utilization, idle time, make span and tardiness reduction. The existing company performance and various another scenarios were analyzed by using different sequencing rules plus Johnson’s and Campbell’s algorithms. The analysis and discussion showed that the feasible scheduling was of flow shop and while product layout was seen most preferable that result in reduction of machine idle time &amp; make span by 3.00 &amp; 4.33 hours respectively. Total flow time was reduced by 82.9% and machine utilization was improved by 16.15% when compared with existing layout. Through production lines 1 or 2 of scenario-2 with the sequence of J1, J2, J3, J4 and J5, the company should make possible arrangements for such improvements. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	Leather industry; Make-span; Manufacturing; Performance; Scheduling	Leather; Manufacture; Company performance; Leather industries; Machine utilization; Make-span; Manufacturing factories; Performance; Poor performance; Scheduling techniques; Scheduling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863696212	Durability index performance of high strength concretes made based on different standard portland cements	Ekolu S.O., Murugan S.	2012	Advances in Materials Science and Engineering	2012	None	10.1155/2012/410909	School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ready-Mix, Lafarge Industries SA (Pty) Ltd., 35 Westfield Road, Longmeadow Business Estate Ext. 11, Gallo Manor 2052, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ekolu, S.O., School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Murugan, S., Ready-Mix, Lafarge Industries SA (Pty) Ltd., 35 Westfield Road, Longmeadow Business Estate Ext. 11, Gallo Manor 2052, Johannesburg, South Africa	A consortium of three durability index test methods consisting of oxygen permeability, sorptivity and chloride conductivity were used to evaluate the potential influence of four (4) common SANS 10197 cements on strength and durability of concrete. Twenty four (24) concrete mixtures of water-cement ratios (w/c's) = 0.4, 0.5, 0.65 were cast using the cement types CEM I 42.5N, CEM II/A-M (V-L) 42.5N, CEM IV/B 32.5R and CEM II/A-V 52.5N. The concretes investigated fall in the range of normal strength, medium strength and high strength concretes. It was found that the marked differences in oxygen permeability and sorptivity results observed at normal and medium strengths tended to vanish at high concrete strengths. Also, the durability effects attributed to use of different cement types appear to diminish at high strengths. Cements of low strength and/or that contained no extenders (CEM 32.5R, CEM I 42.5N) showed greater sensitivity to sorptivity, relative to other cement types. Results also show that while concrete resistance to chlorides generally improves with increase in strength, adequately high chloride resistance may not be achieved based on high strength alone, and appropriate incorporation of extenders may be necessary. Copyright © 2012 Stephen O. Ekolu and Sheena Murugan.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908345408	Evaluation of coupled model forecasts of ethiopian highlands summer climate	Jury M.R.	2014	Advances in Meteorology	2014	None	10.1155/2014/894318	University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States	Jury, M.R., University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa, Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States	This study evaluates seasonal forecasts of rainfall and maximum temperature across the Ethiopian highlands from coupled ensemble models in the period 1981-2006, by comparison with gridded observational products (NMA + GPCC/CRU3). Early season forecasts from the coupled forecast system (CFS) are steadier than European community medium range forecast (ECMWF). CFS and ECMWF April forecasts of June-August (JJA) rainfall achieve significant fit (r 2 = 0.27, 0.25, resp.), but ECMWF forecasts tend to have a narrow range with drought underpredicted. Early season forecasts of JJA maximum temperature are weak in both models; hence ability to predict water resource gains may be better than losses. One aim of seasonal climate forecasting is to ensure that crop yields keep pace with Ethiopia's growing population. Farmers using prediction technology are better informed to avoid risk in dry years and generate surplus in wet years. © 2014 Mark R. Jury.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77049112778	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of root and leaf extracts of Terminalia Glaucescens	Ayepola O.O.	2009	Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences	3	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ayepola, O.O., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	An assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the leaf and root extracts of Terminalia glaucescens against certain bacterial isolates were carried out. The organisms tested included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Proteus spp, using the agar dilution method. The root and leaf extracts showed appreciable activity against all the tested organisms. However the root extract was found to have a higher activity at 100mg mL-than the 1 leaf extract at the same concentration especially on the two Gram positive bacteria tested. The mean diameter of the zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts was between 15mm and 33mm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts against the bacterial isolates were also determined. The lowest MIC observed for both the root and leaf extracts was 6.25 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was compared with ampicillin used as a positive control. © 2009, American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information.	Agar dilution method; Antibacterial activity; Phytochemical screening; Terminalia glaucescens	Bacillus anthracis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Posibacteria; Proteus (enterobacteria); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Terminalia; Terminalia glaucescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861309641	Experimental investigation and performance analysis of thermosyphon solar water heater	Okonkwo G.N., Nwokoye A.O.C.	2012	Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences	6	2	None	Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria; Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Okonkwo, G.N., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria; Nwokoye, A.O.C., Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	The experimental investigation of the performance of a thermosyphon solar water heater at Awka (6.12°N, 7.05°E) in Nigeria was conducted for a period of six months (November, 2009- April, 2010). The solar water heater was constructed and tested at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The solar radiation on a horizontal surface was measured using a Daystar meter (DS- 05A). The water mass flow rates were measured in m3/hr using a 'Multi-vane Wheel Liquid Sealed Water meter (LXSY- 15) and later converted to Kg/sm2. The relative humidity data were measured using the Taylor Hygrometer. The wind speed data for the period were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Awka. The results show that the daily average solar radiation for the period varied from 59.69W/m2 to 613.46W/m2. In the month of November, 2009 the daily average solar radiation on a horizontal surface varied from 356.26W/m2 to 416.56W/m2. In December, 2009 the values varied from 348.92W/m2 to 588.69W/m2. For January, 2010 the values varied from 263.54W/m2 to 478.31W/m2. In the month of February, 2010 the values varied from 59.69W/m2 to 564.00W/m2. In March, the values varied from 116.15W/m2 to 537.54W/m2. For the month of April, the values varied from 150.46W/m2 to 613.46W/m2. The daily average mass flow rates varied from 0.01Kg/sm2 to 0.211Kg/sm2 whereas the relative humidity (January to April 2010) varied from 11.23% to 87.31%. The wind speed daily average varied from 0.05m/s to 2.02m/s. From these results, it is evident that Awka receives enough solar radiation that can be conveniently converted through one of the solar heating technologies like the thermosyphon solar water heater to meet the hot water needs in this locality.	Mass flow rate; Relative humidity; Thermosyphon solar water heater; Wind speed	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960452024	Evaluation of shale effect on saturation exponent from well logs in an offshore field, Niger delta	John R.O., Tejiri O.O.	2010	Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences	4	3	None	Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Nigeria	John, R.O., Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Nigeria; Tejiri, O.O., Petroleum Engineering Department, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Nigeria	Hydrocarbon recovery is subject to various elements set to validate not only the availability of the type of fluid present at the subsurface, but also how saturated is the host rock with the fluid. A study on saturation was carried out on the hydrocarbon locked in reservoirs of the N-1 and D-1 wells. The water saturations weredetermined using various saturation equations by various authors from literatures. This evaluation led to the determination of the permeability of the reservoirs through the Timur equation and the values were within the range 222.8mD-2518.5mD in well N-1 and 434.4mD-2534.3mD in well D-1. The 7 pay zones of both wells showed a high correlation based on the petrophysical parameters which could be the basis of a conclusion of lateral continuity across the reservoir although the formations interpreted are characterized by clay fingering. An analysis carried out for the determination of the permissible range of the saturation exponent 'n' used and assumed as 2 which agrees with that in the basic Archie equation, but for the BOD-1b zone of D-1 with both values 1 and 2 perfectly matching.	Correlation; Formations; Permeability; Saturation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922480580	Performance of first-year health sciences students in a large, diverse, multidisciplinary, first-semester, physiology service module	Higgins-Opitz S.B., Tufts M.	2015	Advances in Physiology Education	38	2	10.1152/advan.00067.2013	Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Higgins-Opitz, S.B., Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Tufts, M., Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Health Science students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal perform better in their professional modules compared with their physiology modules. The pass rates of physiology service modules have steadily declined over the years. While a system is in place to identify "at-risk" students, it is only activated after the first semester. As a result, it is only from the second semester of their first year studies onward that at-risk students can be formally assisted. The challenge is thus to devise an appropriate strategy to identify struggling students earlier in the semester. Using questionnaires, students were asked about attendance, financing of their studies, and relevance of physiology. After the first class test, failing students were invited to complete a second questionnaire. In addition, demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Correlation analyses were undertaken of performance indicators based on the demographical data collected. The 2011 class comprised mainly sport science students (57%). The pass rate of sport science students was lower than the pass rates of other students (42% vs. 70%, P < 0.001). Most students were positive about physiology and recognized its relevance. Key issues identified were problems understanding concepts and terminology, poor study environment and skills, and lack of matriculation biology. The results of the first class test and final module marks correlated well. It is clear from this study that student performance in the first class test is a valuable tool to identify struggling students and that appropriate testing should be held as early as possible. © 2014 The American Physiological Society.	Diversity; First-year health science students; Large service modules; Physiology success rates; Suggestions for improvements	comparative study; comprehension; curriculum; education; education; educational status; female; human; learning; male; physiology; procedures; program evaluation; questionnaire; socioeconomics; South Africa; student; university; vocational education; Comprehension; Curriculum; Education, Professional; Educational Measurement; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Physiology; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Students; Universities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904044105	GPS derived TEC and foF2 variability at an equatorial station and the performance of IRI-model	Adebiyi S.J., Odeyemi O.O., Adimula I.A., Oladipo O.A., Ikubanni S.O., Adebesin B.O., Joshua B.W.	2014	Advances in Space Research	54	4	10.1016/j.asr.2014.03.026	Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria;	Adebiyi, S.J., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Odeyemi, O.O., Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adimula, I.A., Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladipo, O.A., Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ikubanni, S.O., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adebesin, B.O., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Joshua, B.W., Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria	The ionosphere induces a time delay in transionospheric radio signals such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. The Total Electron Content (TEC) is a key parameter in the mitigation of ionospheric effects on transionospheric signals. The delay in GPS signal induced by the ionosphere is proportional to TEC along the path from the GPS satellite to a receiver. The diurnal monthly and seasonal variations of ionospheric electron content were studied during the year 2010, a year of extreme solar minimum (F10.7 = 81 solar flux unit), with data from the GPS receiver and the Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS) collocated at Ilorin (Geog. Lat. 8.50°N, Long. 4.50°E, dip -7.9°). The diurnal monthly variation shows steady increases in TEC and F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) from pre-dawn minimum to afternoon maximum and then decreases after sunset. TEC show significant seasonal variation during the daytime between 0900 and 1900 UT (LT = UT + 1 h) with a maximum during the March equinox (about 35 TECU) and minimum during the June solstice (about 24 TECU). The GPS-TEC and foF2 values reveal a weak seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry during the daytime. The variations observed find their explanations in the amount of solar radiation and neutral gas composition. The measured TEC and foF2 values were compared with last two versions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007 and IRI-2012) model predictions using the NeQuick and CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) options respectively in the model. In general, the two models give foF2 close to the experimental values, whereas significant discrepancies are found in the predictions of TEC from the models especially during the daytime. The error in height dependent thickness parameter, daytime underestimation of equatorial drift and contributions of electrons from altitudes above 2000 km have been suggested as the possible causes. © 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Equator; IRI-model; NmF2; Prediction; TEC	Forecasting; Ionosphere; Ionospheric measurement; Signal receivers; Sun; Equator; International reference ionospheres; IRI-model; NmF2; TEC; Thickness parameters; Total electron content; Transionospheric signals; Global positioning system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928826910	Semi-analytic solutions for the triangular points of double white dwarfs in the ER3BP: Impact of the body's oblateness and the orbital eccentricity	Umar A., Singh J.	2015	Advances in Space Research	55	11	10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.042	Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Umar, A., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria; Singh, J., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Using an analytic/numerical approach, we investigate the effects of oblateness and eccentricity of the primaries on the triangular points of compact double degenerate white dwarf binaries. AM CVs stars in which stable mass transfer occur from a Roche-lobe filling white dwarf to its more massive white dwarf companion and detached double white dwarfs (DWDs) which are candidate progenitors of Type Ia supernovae will be models of this problem. They provide an excellent and powerful tool for probing the physics of white dwarfs. The oblateness of the main bodies and their eccentricity affect the positions of the triangular equilibrium points as is shown for ten DWDs. The triangular points are generally stable for 0 < μ < μ<inf>c</inf><inf>;</inf> where μ is the mass ratio (μ ≤ 1/2). The size of the region of stability increases with decrease in oblateness. Our study shows that due to the nature of the masses of these binaries, the mass ratio does not fall in the range of stability: as a result, they are unstable. © 2015 COSPAR.	Celestial mechanics; Double white dwarfs; ER3BP; Triangular points	Astrophysics; Mass transfer; Supernovae; Analytic solution; Celestial mechanics; Dwarf binaries; Equilibrium point; ER3BP; Orbital eccentricity; Region of stabilities; Triangular points; White dwarfs	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956341175	Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude	Buresova D., McKinnell L.-A., Sindelarova T., De La Morena B.A.	2010	Advances in Space Research	46	8	10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.007	Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; INTA-Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, Mazagon, 21130 Huelva, Spain	Buresova, D., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; McKinnell, L.-A., Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; Sindelarova, T., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; De La Morena, B.A., INTA-Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, Mazagon, 21130 Huelva, Spain	This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995-2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5-7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms. © 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Geomagnetic storms; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI); Ionosphere; STORM model	Comparative analysis; Correlation coefficient; Critical frequencies; Electron densities; F2 layer; Geomagnetic storm; International reference ionospheres; Ionospheric correction; Ionospheric stations; Ionospheric storm; Root-mean-square errors; Southern Hemisphere; Time correction; Winter storms; Atmospheric electricity; Geomagnetism; Ionosphere; Ionospheric measurement; Storms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867366944	Monitoring detrusor oxygenation and hemodynamics noninvasively during dysfunctional voiding	MacNab A.J., Stothers L.S., Shadgan B.	2012	Advances in Urology	None	None	10.1155/2012/676303	Department of Urology, UBC Hospital Bladder Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, 10 Marais Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	MacNab, A.J., Department of Urology, UBC Hospital Bladder Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada, Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, 10 Marais Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Stothers, L.S., Department of Urology, UBC Hospital Bladder Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Shadgan, B., Department of Urology, UBC Hospital Bladder Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada	The current literature indicates that lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have a heterogeneous pathophysiology. Pressure flow studies (UDSs) remain the gold standard evaluation methodology for such patients. However, as the function of the detrusor muscle depends on its vasculature and perfusion, the underlying causes of LUTS likely include abnormalities of detrusor oxygenation and hemodynamics, and available treatment options include agents thought to act on the detrusor smooth muscle and/or vasculature. Hence, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an established optical methodology for monitoring changes in tissue oxygenation and hemodynamics, has relevance as a means of expanding knowledge related to the pathophysiology of BPH and potential treatment options. This methodological report describes how to conduct simultaneous NIRS monitoring of detrusor oxygenation and hemodynamics during UDS, outlines the clinical implications and practical applications of NIRS, explains the principles of physiologic interpretation of NIRS voiding data, and proposes an exploratory hypothesis that the pathophysiological causes underlying LUTS include detrusor dysfunction due to an abnormal hemodynamic response or the onset of oxygen debt during voiding. © 2012 Andrew J. Macnab et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949647742	Reduction of Used Memory Ensemble Kalman Filtering (RumEnKF): A data assimilation scheme for memory intensive, high performance computing	Hut R., Amisigo B.A., Steele-Dunne S., van de Giesen N.	2015	Advances in Water Resources	86	None	10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.007	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana	Hut, R., Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands; Amisigo, B.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana; Steele-Dunne, S., Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands; van de Giesen, N., Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands	Reduction of Used Memory Ensemble Kalman Filtering (RumEnKF) is introduced as a variant on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). RumEnKF differs from EnKF in that it does not store the entire ensemble, but rather only saves the first two moments of the ensemble distribution. In this way, the number of ensemble members that can be calculated is less dependent on available memory, and mainly on available computing power (CPU). RumEnKF is developed to make optimal use of current generation super computer architecture, where the number of available floating point operations (flops) increases more rapidly than the available memory and where inter-node communication can quickly become a bottleneck. RumEnKF reduces the used memory compared to the EnKF when the number of ensemble members is greater than half the number of state variables. In this paper, three simple models are used (auto-regressive, low dimensional Lorenz and high dimensional Lorenz) to show that RumEnKF performs similarly to the EnKF. Furthermore, it is also shown that increasing the ensemble size has a similar impact on the estimation error from the three algorithms. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Global models; Large memory problems	Digital arithmetic; Kalman filters; Data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Ensemble Kalman filtering; Floating point operations; Global models; High performance computing; Inter-node communication; Memory problems; Computer architecture; algorithm; data assimilation; Kalman filter; numerical model	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855863624	Evaluation of aeolian emissions from gold mine tailings on the Witwatersrand	Ojelede M.E., Annegarn H.J., Kneen M.A.	2012	Aeolian Research	3	4	10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.010	Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dept. of Geosciences, University of Texas, Dallas, United States	Ojelede, M.E., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kneen, M.A., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Texas, Dallas, United States	The Witwatersrand is known for the high frequency of aeolian dust storm episodes arising from gold mine tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Source and ambient atmosphere are poorly characterized from the point of view of particle size distribution and human health risk assessment. For years, routine monitoring was limited to sampling of dust fallout ≥30μm. Sampling and analyses of source and receptor material was conducted. Thirty-two bulk soils were collected from TSF along the east-west mining corridor, and size distribution analysis was performed in the range 0.05-900μm using a Malvern® MS-14 Particle Size Analyser. Ambient aerosols in the range 0.25-32μm were monitored at two separate locations using a Grimm® aerosol monitor, in the vicinity of three large currently active and a dormant TSF. Statistical analyses indicate that TSFs are rich in fine erodible materials, particularly active TSFs. Concentration of ≤PM5 and ≤PM10 components in source material was: recent slimes (14-24vol.%; 22-38vol.%), older slimes (6-17vol.%; 11-26vol.%) and sand (1-8vol.%; 2-12vol.%). Concentrations of airborne aerosols were below the South African Department of Environmental Affairs 24-h limit value of 120μgm -3. With wind speeds exceeding 7ms -1, ambient concentration reached 2160μgm -3. This maximum is several times higher than the limit value. Erosion of tailings storage facilities is a strong driver influencing ambient particulate matter loading with adverse health implications for nearby residents. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Aeolian dust; Dust storm; Mine tailings; Mining; Tailings storage facilities; Witwatersrand	aerosol; concentration (composition); dust storm; emission; eolian deposit; eolian process; gold mine; mining; particle size; size distribution; tailings; South Africa; Witwatersrand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054035951	The impact of tone language and non-native language listening on measuring speech quality	Ebem D.U., Beerends J.G., Van Vugt J., Schmidmer C., Kooij R.E., Uguru J.O.	2011	AES: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society	59	9	None	Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu-State, Nigeria; TNO, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands; OPTICOM GmbH, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Sc	Ebem, D.U., Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu-State, Nigeria; Beerends, J.G., TNO, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands; Van Vugt, J., TNO, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands; Schmidmer, C., OPTICOM GmbH, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Kooij, R.E., Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; Uguru, J.O., Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The extent to which the modeling used in objective speech quality algorithms depends on the cultural background of listeners as well as on the language characteristics using American English and Igbo, an African tone language is investigated. Two different approaches were used in order to separate behavioral aspects from speech signal aspects. In the first approach degraded American English sentences were presented to Igbo listeners and American listeners, showing that Igbo subjects are more disturbed by additive noise in comparison to other degradations than American subjects. In the second approach objective modeling, using ITU-T P.863 (POLQA), showed that Igbo subjects listening to degraded Igbo speech are more disturbed by background noise and low-level listening than predicted by the P.863 standard, which was trained on Western languages using native listeners. The most likely conclusion is that low-level signal parts of the Igbo tone language are relatively more important than lowlevel signal parts of American English. In judging the quality of their own language Igbo listeners thus need more signal level and more signal-to-noise ratio for perceiving high quality than American subjects require in judging their own language. When Igbo subjects judge the quality of American speech samples the impact of noise is overestimated but low-level listening does not have a significant impact on the perceived speech quality. The results show that one cannot build a universal objective speech quality measurement system but that adaptation toward the behavior of a set of subjects is necessary. Further investigation into the impact of tone language signal characteristics and the behavior of subjects who are raised in a specific cultural environment is necessary before a new speech quality measure for assessing voice quality in that environment can be developed. The results also suggest that speech communication systems have to be optimized dependent on the cultural context where the system is used and/or the languages for which the system is intended.	None	American English; Background noise; Cultural backgrounds; Cultural context; Cultural environment; High quality; Impact of noise; Non-native language; Objective speech quality; Signal characteristic; Signal level; Signal to noise; Significant impacts; Speech quality; Speech signals; Tone languages; Voice quality; Behavioral research; Communication systems; Signal to noise ratio; Speech communication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894052408	Prediction based channel allocation performance for cognitive radio	Barnes S.D., Maharaj B.T.	2014	AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications	68	4	10.1016/j.aeue.2013.09.009	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Barnes, S.D., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Maharaj, B.T., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The interdependency, in a cognitive radio (CR) network, of spectrum sensing, occupancy modelling, channel switching and secondary user (SU) performance, is investigated. Achievable SU data throughput and primary user (PU) disruption rate have been examined for both theoretical test data as well as data obtained from real-world spectrum measurements done in Pretoria, South Africa. A channel switching simulator was developed to investigate SU performance, where a hidden Markov model (HMM) was employed to model and predict PU behaviour, from which proactive channel allocations could be made. Results show that CR performance may be improved if PU behaviour is accurately modelled, since accurate prediction allows the SU to make proactive channel switching decisions. It is further shown that a trade-off may exist between achievable SU throughput and average PU disruption rate. When using the prediction model, significant performance improvements, particularly under heavy traffic density conditions, of up to double the SU throughput and half the PU disruption rate were observed. Results obtained from a measurement campaign were comparable with those obtained from theoretical occupancy data, with an average similarity score of 95% for prediction accuracy, 90% for SU throughput and 70% for PU disruption rate. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Channel switching; Cognitive radio; Occupancy modelling; Secondary user performance; Spectrum measurements	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856060931	Making music, making money: Informal musical production and performance in venda, South Africa	McNeill F.G.	2012	Africa	82	1	10.1017/S000197201100074X	Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	McNeill, F.G., Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This article presents an ethnographic analysis of the popular economy of informal musical production in the Venda region of South Africa. It focuses on the activities surrounding the Burnin' Shak Studio, a recording house that specializes in reggae music. Reliant on second-hand computers, pirated software, borrowed instruments, networks of trust and cycles of debt, musicians and producers in the Burnin' Shak occupy a distinctly peripheral position in South Africa's music industry. Unlike artists in the formal sphere of musical production, who sign deals with specific record labels, musicians in the informal sector seek out sponsors usually young local businessmen to fund their recordings with local producers. Marketing and distribution is the sole responsibility of the artist and the sponsor, who often develop a patronclient relationship. And yet whilst the artists' entrepreneurial activity often earns them significant airplay on local radio stations, and associated cultural capital, the financial benefits are slim. In order to convert their cultural capital into cash, musicians in the informal sector must compete in the market for performances at government-sponsored shows. These shows are well funded by lucrative tenders, but they present musicians with a double-edged sword. To secure a contract with tender holders or to entertain hopes of regular paid performances musicians must ensure that these performances do not express critical political sentiment. As purveyors of a genre renowned for its critical social commentary, reggae musicians are particularly affected by this expectation of self-censorship. Informal musical production in the post-apartheid era thus affords musicians little artistic freedom. Rather, whilst the products of this culture industry may appear to be part of a secondary economy, removed from the spheres of formalized production and control, they are in fact regulated and standardized through the process of tender allocation. © International African Institute 2012.	None	informal sector; music; Limpopo; South Africa; Venda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869431263	The impact of non-formal education on skills and knowledge of community development workers: A case study	Kotzé D.A.	2012	Africa Development	37	2	None	Department of Development Studies, University of South Africa, South Africa	Kotzé, D.A., Department of Development Studies, University of South Africa, South Africa	The ultimate route to address the needs of the poor is through a community development process with projects as the main vehicle. The main role player to facilitate this process is the community development worker. This article focuses firstly on the role and importance of non-formal education in community development and, secondly, on the impact of non-formal education and training on the knowledge and skills of community development workers responsible for the facilitation of projects. The article is based on an evaluation of a nonformal education programme that was developed to enhance the knowledge and skills of community development workers involved in the planning and execution of community-based development projects. © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2012.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872326699	Where is my daddy? an exploration of the impact of absentee fathers on the lives of young people in Botswana	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G., Mgutshini T., Nkosi Z.Z.	2012	Africa Development	37	3	None	Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Mgutshini, T., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Nkosi, Z.Z., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	A substantial body of research has consistently concluded that children growing up with absentee fathers are at an increased risk of maladjustment. This paper argues that co-parenting can have both direct and indirect or mediated effects on children. Co-parenting has an added benefit of modelling dyadic skills that include proving mutual emotional support, influence, and amicable resolution of disputes. Through qualitative data obtained in 2009 from 45 final year students at the University of Botswana, the authors conclude that African personhood is a larger-than-self conception, which also includes more than the physical being and shows that young people raised in father-absent families view their personhood as inferior, less guarded, and incomplete, relative to that of their counterparts who were born and raised in married-couple families. Living a full quality life eludes youth who were raised by mothers only, affirming the importance of fathers in the personhood of any individual. © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2012.	Absentee fathers; Co-parenting; Youth personhood	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947424985	Impact of teachers’ beliefs on mathematics education	Bayaga A., Wadesango N., Wadesango O.V.	2015	Africa Education Review	12	2	10.1080/18146627.2015.1108008	Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, University of Zululand, South Africa; Centre of Academic Excellence, University of Limpopo, South Africa; Teaching and Learning Centre, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Bayaga, A., Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, University of Zululand, South Africa; Wadesango, N., Centre of Academic Excellence, University of Limpopo, South Africa; Wadesango, O.V., Teaching and Learning Centre, University of Limpopo, South Africa	The objective of the current study was to analyse the impact of teachers’ personal theory and beliefs (PTB) towards Mathematics teaching. A total of 183 respondents were involved in this study, using the stratified random sampling method with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. Due to the objective of the research and the hypothesis, it was positioned within the positivist paradigm following a survey design, concentrating on Bachelor of Education and Postgraduate Certificate Education students, with a quantitative approach. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire schedule. All selected respondents (using a questionnaire) were students of University of Fort Hare, enrolled in either the Bachelor of Education (BEd) or Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) programme. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results revealed that there was no significant effect of age and race on learning of Mathematics amongst BEds and PGCEs candidates. © 2015 University of South Africa.	instructional practices; mathematics belief and motivation; mathematics education; motivation theory; south africa raven's standard progressive	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548972877	To what extent are nurses using recognised IMCI protocols to identify and manage children with HIV: An evaluation of IMCI trained nurses in Kwazulu Natal in the use of the HIV portion of the IMCI algorithm	Haskins J.L.M.	2006	Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery	8	2	None	Durban University of Technology, Dept. of Postgraduate Nursing Studies, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Haskins, J.L.M., Durban University of Technology, Dept. of Postgraduate Nursing Studies, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	In South Africa HIV infection is an increasing problem. The Department of Health (2004) estimated that by the end of 2003, 5.6 million people had acquired the HIV infection. Given the mother to child transmission of the disease, a paediatric HIV epidemic is expected. These children can be identified and managed using the HIV portion of the IMCI algorithm. This evaluation study sought to assess the accuracy of the use of the HIV portion of the algorithm by IMCI trained nurses in the public sector clinics in KwaZulu Natal province. Quantitative and qualitative procedures were utilized to conduct the survey. Eight nurses were selected through a two phase sampling strategy. The selected nurses were observed and assessed for a total of 72 consultations using a checklist. In addition, a questionnaire was developed and administered to the eight nurses in the original sample as well as 5 others who were conveniently selected. The findings indicate a poor level of accuracy with which IMCI trained nurses' use the algorithm and therefore suggest a poor level of management of HIV infection in children at clinic level in KwaZulu Natal. The findings indicated a reluctance of some IMCI trained nurses to discuss HIV infection with mothers who bring their children to the clinics. Support for IMCI nurses to accurately and effectively use the HIV portion of the IMCI algorithm needs to be introduced in order to provide a better service to children with HIV infection.	Algorithm; Assessment; HIV; IMCI; IMCI trained nurse	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893361266	Factors influencing the job performance of nurses and midwives in postpartum units in two district hospitals in Rwanda	Uwaliraye P., Puoane T., Binagwaho A., Basinga P.	2013	Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery	15	2	None	Rwanda Ministry of Health, Planning and Health Information System, Rwanda; University of the Western Cape, School of Public Health, South Africa; Rwanda Ministry of Health, Office of the Minister, Rwanda; VIH/TB/Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Programme de Santé Mondiale, Seattle, United States	Uwaliraye, P., Rwanda Ministry of Health, Planning and Health Information System, Rwanda; Puoane, T., University of the Western Cape, School of Public Health, South Africa; Binagwaho, A., Rwanda Ministry of Health, Office of the Minister, Rwanda; Basinga, P., VIH/TB/Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Programme de Santé Mondiale, Seattle, United States	The performance of nurses and midwives in postpartum units can influence maternal health as well as infant survival. This study assessed factors influencing the performance of nurses and midwives working in the postpartum units in two public hospitals in Rwanda. Ninety-six nurses and midwives were observed while providing postpartum care according to a checklist comprising 30 activities. Each observed nurse and midwife was then interviewed about the presence or absence of specific performance factors. Results were analysed to compare average performance with the presence or absence of specific performance factors. Nurses and midwives performed poorly in the use of guidelines for postpartum care management. Factors that were associated with good performance included receiving feedback about job performance, training in postpartum care management and in the use of the postpartum guidelines, satisfaction with the work organisation, and organisational interest in staff members' creativity. Training and postpartum guidelines for staff members, aimed at reducing postpartum morbidity and mortality rates, should be planned in light of the factors that most directly affect the quality of care provided by nurses and midwives. Further analyses of factors contributing to good or poor performance are required. © ISSN 1682-5055.	Job performance; Midwifery in Rwanda; Nurses and midwives' performance factors; Postpartum care in Rwanda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865742272	The impact of mothers' knowledge on the immunisation of children younger than five in ga-rankuwa, South Africa	Wright S.C.D., Maja T.M.M., Furaha S.A.	2011	Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery	13	2	None	Tshwane University of Technology, Adelaide Tambo School of Nursing, South Africa	Wright, S.C.D., Tshwane University of Technology, Adelaide Tambo School of Nursing, South Africa; Maja, T.M.M., Tshwane University of Technology, Adelaide Tambo School of Nursing, South Africa; Furaha, S.A., Tshwane University of Technology, Adelaide Tambo School of Nursing, South Africa	Routine immunisation at an appropriate age is the best means of averting vaccine-preventable diseases. Though the immunisation coverage rates for all nine provinces in South Africa are available, these are not available for smaller locations, such as Ga-Rankuwa, in the Gauteng province of South Africa (hereafter Gauteng). The main problem addressed by this study was the unavailability of immunisation coverage rate for Ga-Rankuwa, based on the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI). Information was also lacking about mothers' knowledge regarding immunisation and barriers they encountered to immunise their children younger than five. Data were gathered by direct observation of the Road-to-Health charts (n = 926) of children in Ga-Rankuwa. The mothers' knowledge levels were estimated by using structured interview schedules. Of the children, 46.1% (n = 426) missed one or more immunisations according to the schedule. The 60 month coverage rate was only 19.0%. Some mothers (59.8%) only used the Road-to-Health chart for the child's weight and 31.4% were unable to interpret the chart. Community-specific interventions, based on the evidence generated by the study, are urgently required to enhance the immunisation coverage in Ga-Rankuwa. © ISSN 1682-5055.	Children younger than five; Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI); Ga-Rankuwa; Immunisation coverage; Mothers' immunisation knowledge; Primary Health Care (PHC)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449125010	Evaluation of a decentralised primary health care training programme	Mabaso S.S., van der Merwe M.M., Smith J.E.	2008	Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery	10	2	None	University of South Africa, Department of Health Studies, Pretoria, South Africa; University of South Africa (UNISA), Department of Health Studies, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Mabaso, S.S., University of South Africa, Department of Health Studies, Pretoria, South Africa; van der Merwe, M.M., University of South Africa (UNISA), Department of Health Studies, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Smith, J.E., University of South Africa (UNISA), Department of Health Studies, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	The effectiveness of the one-year training programme for Primary Health Care (PHC) nurses of the Limpopo Province required evaluation. The competencies were assessed of the learners, who had completed this PHC programme with decentralised experiential learning opportunities. Qualified PHC nurses should be competent to stand in for medical doctors, when required to do so. This implies that patients' lives might be at stake, depending on the PHC nurses' competencies. The researchers evaluated the participants' PHC nursing competencies whilst managing patients with hypertension, using a pre-tested checklist. Through stratified sampling, twelve newly qualified nurses of a PHC training programme from six health districts in the Limpopo Province, were interviewed to identify their perceptions of the training programme, problems encountered during and after their PHC training and their perceptions as to their abilities to stand in for medical doctors' in PHC clinics. The research results show that the PHC training programme was effective as the participants were competent in most items tested, although it became evident that more attention should be given to history taking. Interviewees expressed their satisfaction with the PHC training programme but identified problems in rendering PHC services due to shortages of medication and equipment. The interviewees reportedly felt confident to stand in for doctors when required to do so in PHC clinics.	Clinical training; Experiential learning; Health assessment; Limpopo Province; Primary Health Care (PHC) training programme	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347381921	Identity and memory in Omobóyòdé Àrowá's Oríkì performance in (Yoruba) Ekiti dialect	Dasylva A.O.	2007	African and Asian Studies	6	02-Jan	10.1163/156921007X180631	Department of English, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Dasylva, A.O., Department of English, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oríkì is a significant panegyric poetry in indigenous Yoruba communities of South-Western Nigeria. The different sub-generic forms which characterize its form, and its obvious ethnographic and anthropological histrionics constitute its thrust and aesthetic peculiarities. This paper sets out to examine Omoboyode Arowa's oríkì performance, explores how she articulates the ethnographic cum-psychosocial knowledge of her environment, and subsequently exploits the same to advantage. It further demonstrates how this, in turn, engenders her re-inscription of self in the performance under reference. Whereas a performer usually recites, sings, or chants a form of oriki, Àrowá'ş oríkìperformance in Èk̀tì dialect embraces varieties of oríkì sub-types, giving her performance a more elaborate, and unique quality. Besides, the gender specificity noticeable in Àrowás performance in which as a woman chanter, she succeeds in negotiating a space for self re-inscribing, thereby qualifying her oriki corpus as one of the highly developed, complex, and most achieving form of oriki performances in indigenous Yoruba. It concludes that, in view of the findings, there is the urgent need for a new vigor and sense of commitment to the study of the oríkì repertoire of individual performer for the purpose of ensuring its survival in a manner that makes its scholarship transcend its present boundaries, thereby making it serve new functions. © Koninklijke Brill NV 2007.	Àrowá'ş oríkì; Eketi; Identity; Memory; Ogun; Omoboyode; oriki	anthropology; cultural history; cultural identity; indigenous population; language; memory; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904331281	Impact of Real Exchange Rate on Trade Balance in Nigeria	Igue N.N., Ogunleye T.S.	2014	African Development Review	26	2	10.1111/1467-8268.12086	Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria	Igue, N.N., Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Ogunleye, T.S., Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria	The study investigated whether the depreciation of exchange rate has a favourable impact on trade balance in Nigeria, based on the Marshall-Lerner (ML) condition. The Johansen method of cointegration and vector error correction methodology (VECM) was employed to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship between trade balance and the specified set of independent variables. The results confirm the satisfaction of the Marshall-Lerner condition in Nigeria, implying that depreciation of the exchange rate has a positive effect on trade balance in the long run. The study also established that a one per cent depreciation in the exchange rate would improve trade balance by 1.16 per cent. In the light of these findings, the study recommends a gradual depreciation of the exchange rate, which should be accompanied with export policy that encourages domestic production of non-oil products for exports. © 2014 African Development Bank.	None	balance of trade; cointegration analysis; error correction; export; real exchange rate; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20844442793	The impact of macroeconomic risk on asset prices in Ghana, 1997-2002	Twerefou D.K., Nimo M.K.	2005	African Development Review	17	1	10.1111/j.1017-6772.2005.00111.x	Department of Economics, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Institute of Statistics Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Twerefou, D.K., Department of Economics, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Nimo, M.K., Institute of Statistics Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	The dwindling nature of overseas development assistance in the early part of the 1990s called for the establishment of capital markets in some African countries, including Ghana, with the view to increasing foreign direct investments and achieving sustainable inflows, growth and development. One important factor which affects the determination of prices and the growth of capital markets is macroeconomic risk which is quite high in developing countries. Following works done on advanced stock markets, this study seeks to investigate the impact of six macroeconomic risk factors on asset pricing in the various industrial classification - financial, manufacturing, food and beverages, distribution and mining under the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) for the period January 1997 to December 2002. Using the arbitrage pricing methodology developed by Ross (1976) and Chen et al. (1986), the study revealed that investors in Ghana considered three main macroeconomic risk factors - short-term interest rate risk, inflation risk and the term structure of the country's interest rate in the determination of the various industrial asset prices during the period under consideration. Analysis of the risks and returns profile of the industries also shows that financial assets made the best gains on the market. Both general and specific policy recommendations aimed at improving the performance of the GSE are explored. © African Development Bank 2005. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	None	capital market; foreign direct investment; interest rate; macroeconomics; price determination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884763798	Capital structure and corporate performance of nigerian quoted firms: A panel data approach	Olokoyo F.O.	2013	African Development Review	25	3	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2013.12034.x	Department of Finance, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, KM 10, Idiroko Road, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Olokoyo, F.O., Department of Finance, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, KM 10, Idiroko Road, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	This paper presents empirical findings on the impact of leverage (debt's ratio) on firms' performance. Empirical results based on 2003 to 2007 accounting and marketing data for 101 quoted firms in Nigeria lend some support to the pecking order and static tradeoff theories of capital structure. The study employed panel data analysis by using fixed-effect estimation, random-effect estimation and a pooled regression model. The usual identification tests and Hausman's Chi-square statistics for testing whether the fixed effects model estimator is an appropriate alternative to the random effects model were also computed for each model. A firm's leverage was found to have a significant negative impact on the firm's accounting performance measure (ROA). An interesting finding is that all the leverage measures have a positive and highly significant relationship with the market performance measure (Tobin's Q). The study further reveals a salient fact that Nigerian firms are either majorly financed by equity capital or a mix of equity capital and short-term financing. It is therefore suggested that Nigerian firms should try to match their high market performance with real activities that can help make the market performance reflect on their internal growth and accounting performance. © 2013 The Author. African Development Review © 2013 African Development Bank.	None	corporate strategy; data assimilation; econometrics; numerical model; panel data; performance assessment; regression analysis; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884739741	The impact of regulation on risk perception: Evidence from the zimbabwean banking industry	Ojiako U., Manungo T., Chipulu M., Johnson J.	2013	African Development Review	25	3	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2013.12029.x	Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2000, South Africa; School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom	Ojiako, U., Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2000, South Africa; Manungo, T., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Chipulu, M., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Johnson, J., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom	This paper explores the impact of regulations on the perceptions and management of risk. The study focuses on Zimbabwean banks. We evaluated the influence of banking regulatory policy using data gathered from a Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) questionnaire and data measuring annual overall output from Zimbabwean banks. We employed a number of statistical models (Binomial, HLogLinear models and time series forecasting) to test various hypotheses concerning the perception of bank employees of the impact of regulation on the management of risk in Zimbabwean banks. We found that: (1) respondents' perceptions of the impact of regulation on risk management correlated among different risk types in Zimbabwean banks; (2) respondents generally appeared to perceive dollarization and Basel II positively; and (3) respondents were not optimistic about the impact of Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) policy on overall banking efficiency. © 2013 The Authors. African Development Review © 2013 African Development Bank.	None	banking; numerical model; policy approach; questionnaire survey; regulatory framework; risk perception; time series; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879727663	The impact of foreign debt on economic growth in Malawi	Tchereni B.H.M., Sekhampu T.J., Ndovi R.F.	2013	African Development Review	25	1	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2013.12015.x	School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa; Malawi Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi; North-West University, South Africa; Accountant General, Blantyre, Malawi	Tchereni, B.H.M., School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa, Malawi Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi; Sekhampu, T.J., North-West University, South Africa; Ndovi, R.F., Accountant General, Blantyre, Malawi	This study analysed the impact of foreign debt on economic growth in Malawi using time series. Data for the period 1975-2003 from the Reserve Bank of Malawi, the IMF and the National Statistical Office was regressed in basic time series analysis. The dependent variable was economic growth and independent variables included level of foreign debt as the main variable. Other variables considered are the inflation rate, exchange rate and the prime lending rate, private and public investment. The results show a statistically insignificant and negative relationship between foreign debt and economic growth for the case of Malawi. The country should strive to provide incentives to local manufacturers who would want to export rather than relying on borrowing for growth inducement. Of interest was the relationship between inflation and economic growth which was positive. © 2013 The Authors. African Development Review © 2013 African Development Bank. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	None	debt; economic growth; economic impact; exchange rate; inflation; investment; lending behavior; time series analysis; Malawi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20844446464	Impact of economic reforms on economics issues: A study of Ethiopia	Sundara Rajan A.M., Iyappan T., Selvam J.	2005	African Development Review	17	1	10.1111/j.1017-6772.2005.00109.x	PG Department of Economics and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil - 629 002, India; Department of Economics, Arignar Anna College, Aralvoimozhi - 629 301, India; Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia	Sundara Rajan, A.M., PG Department of Economics and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil - 629 002, India; Iyappan, T., Department of Economics, Arignar Anna College, Aralvoimozhi - 629 301, India; Selvam, J., PG Department of Economics and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil - 629 002, India, Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia	This paper is an attempt to investigate the impact of economic reforms on the economic issues in Ethiopia. Different economic issues - parameters determining the effectiveness of economic reforms - are separately discussed to measure how far Ethiopia has benefited from the reform policy. A simple and comparative analysis of various economic indicators between the pre-reform and post-reform, that is, between 1985/ 86-1991/92 and 1992/93-2001/02, reveals that those economic reforms have revamped the economy by moving its GDP from its long-standing poor record to a respectful growing state. Nevertheless, the reforms have failed in attaining other direct economic objectives, such as standard of living, external debt, trade balance deficit and current account deficit. Economic reforms have, no doubt, attracted a significant amount of private investment, but its volume started declining within the reform period and so were privatization proceeds. This study suggests that a full-fledged and committed reform is indispensable at the earliest to attaining the full benefits of reform policy. © African Development Bank 2005. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	None	economic reform; Gross Domestic Product; investment; poverty; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872776434	Evaluating the Impact of Health Programmes on Productivity	Keswell M., Burns J., Thornton R.	2012	African Development Review	24	4	10.1111/1467-8268.12002	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan St., 213 Lorch Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States	Keswell, M., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Burns, J., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Thornton, R., Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan St., 213 Lorch Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States	This article reviews some of the key methodological approaches available to researchers interested in identifying a causal relationship between health interventions and economic indicators of productivity. We then discuss some of the empirical work that has utilized these techniques in making the case for a causal relationship from health interventions to productivity. We conclude that while considerable progress has been made in addressing concerns over attribution, much work remains to be done in expanding our knowledge of why certain interventions work whilst others do not. © 2013 African Development Bank.	None	health impact; labor productivity; methodology; public health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939137644	Regional Integration Models and Africa's Growth in the 21st Century: A Fitness Evaluation	Golit P.D., Adamu Y.	2014	African Development Review	26	S1	10.1111/1467-8268.12096	The Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria	Golit, P.D., The Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria; Adamu, Y., The Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria	The study explores Africa's regional integration models with a view to determining their suitability or otherwise for rapid economic growth. Using annual data spanning 1980-2012, the study employs the Johansen (1998) and the Johansen and Juselius (1990) method of cointegration and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) to test for the presence of long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables and estimate their static and dynamic coefficients. The study found a significant positive role for infrastructure financing, and human and physical capital accumulation both of which significantly influenced Africa's economic growth. Intra-African trade, though positive and significant, was found to be less effective in inspiring growth compared to the above growth fundamentals. Trade openness and government spending were the only variables discovered to significantly influence Africa's economic growth in both the short and long run. The study concludes that the traditional approach to regional integration may not provide the best alternative for Africa's economic growth. It, thus, recommends the adoption of a mixed policy approach to regional economic integration to foster Africa's economic growth in the 21st century. The contribution of the study lies in its ability to subject Africa's models of regional integration to practical examination using modern approaches. © 2014 African Development Bank.	None	cointegration analysis; economic growth; economic integration; policy approach; regional trade; twenty first century	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455250558	The global financial crisis and African Economies: Impact and transmission channels	Aryeetey E., Ackah C.	2011	African Development Review	23	4	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2011.00295.x	University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Aryeetey, E., University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ackah, C., Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	This paper is intended to highlight the general impact of the crisis on African countries in terms of economic performance and then show some variations across countries by discussing how the different transmission channels operated in them, and what their effects have been. The paper has noted that the global financial and economic crisis has affected African economies in a significant way, mostly indirectly through the harm it causes to the real sectors of the economies. In aggregate terms, the impact has been quite strong, as shown by the sharp drop in aggregate output around the region. Even though there are both direct and indirect channels for transmitting the crisis to African economies from the rest of the world, the indirect channels have been more pronounced in their effects largely on account of the structures of these economies. The integration of these economies into the global economy has been largely on account of trade in goods and also the consequence of migration, hence the effects on the real sectors and in remittance flows. There have been significant variations in the impact of the crisis across countries, and this has been influenced largely by the quality of institutions, particularly for regulation, and initial conditions prevailing in the countries. © 2011 The Authors. African Development Review © 2011 African Development Bank.	None	economic integration; economic structure; financial crisis; global economy; remittance; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052584171	Exploring the Impact of Energy Sources on Production, Inequality and Poverty in Simultaneous Equations Models for South Africa	Ngepah N.	2011	African Development Review	23	3	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2011.00290.x	University of Johannesburg, Policy and Research Division, South Africa	Ngepah, N., University of Johannesburg, Policy and Research Division, South Africa	This work adapts per capita income, energy demand (sub-group decomposed), inequality and poverty frameworks in a simultaneous equations setting to investigate the role of energy sources on per capita income, inequality and poverty in South Africa. It finds that energy sources (particularly electricity and diesel) are important in estimating production functions. Gasoline, kerosene and coal all exacerbate poverty, with the highest impacts on abject poverty. It is better to disaggregate energy sources in order to capture resource-specific details. Redistribution efforts that focus on reduction of between-group inequality can also moderate energy use since between-group inequality tends to increase the demand for most energy sources. Public efforts are yielding fruits in this direction and should be encouraged. Access to energy sources like electricity, diesel and gas are crucial for productivity enhancement, but for them to yield significant anti-poverty fruits, efforts must also target broadening capital access by the poor. © 2011 The Author. African Development Review © 2011 African Development Bank.	None	coal; energy resource; energy use; income; numerical model; poverty; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000275402800005	Rural Poverty Dynamics and Impact of Intervention Programs upon Chronic and Transitory Poverty in Northern Ethiopia	Deckers, Jozef,Haile, Mitiku,Mathijs, Erik,Nega, Fredu,Nyssen, Jan,Tollens, Eric	2010	AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW-REVUE AFRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT	22	1	None	Ghent University, KU Leuven, Mekelle University	"Deckers, Jozef: KU Leuven","Mathijs, Erik: KU Leuven","Nega, Fredu: Mekelle University","Nyssen, Jan: Ghent University","Tollens, Eric: KU Leuven"	P&gt;Using a three-year panel data set of rural households in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, we examine the dynamics of poverty and the impact of two intervention measures-the food for work (FFW) and the food security package (FSP) programs-upon poverty by disaggregating total poverty into its transient and chronic components. Poverty in the region is predominantly chronic. Results of matching estimators indicate that the FSP program has a significant negative effect on total and chronic poverty, but not on transient poverty. Households involved in the program have on average lower levels of total and chronic poverty than households not involved in the program. The FFW on the other hand does not significantly influence any of the three forms of poverty. Tertile regressions, however, reveal that the FFW benefits households in the richest and the middle tertiles.	,AID,FOOD-FOR-WORK,GETS,MOBILITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000316322300003	Economic Impacts of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria	Adekunle, Adolphus Adekunle,Adeyemo, Victoria Adeyemi,Akinola, Akinboye Adebayo,Ayanwale, Adeolu Babatunde	2013	AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW-REVUE AFRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT	25	1	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2013.12011.x	Obafemi Awolowo University, Forum Agr Res Africa	"Adeyemo, Victoria Adeyemi: Obafemi Awolowo University","Akinola, Akinboye Adebayo: Obafemi Awolowo University","Ayanwale, Adeolu Babatunde: Obafemi Awolowo University",	This paper assesses the potential economic impacts of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) conceived to address observed low productivity, prevailing poverty level, slow growth and general underperformance of the agricultural sector associated with the traditional agricultural and rural development (ARD) approach. The economic surplus analysis suggested that IAR4D research and extension, with respect to maize production, could achieve returns ranging from 30 to 38 per cent and a maximum adoption of 25 to 50 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively. Similarly, with the same range of maximum adoption, the approach could yield returns ranging from 22 to 29 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively in millet production. However, the same range of adoption could result in 29 to 37 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively in sorghum production. The estimated benefits are sensitive to expected adoption rates but much less so to changes in research and extension costs. However, the estimates indicate that the production of all the crops was socially profitable under the IAR4D option. Our results were consistent with earlier economic analyses which showed that IAR4D was more productive, profitable and acceptable to farmers than the conventional Research for Development (R&amp;D) approach.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000313980800008	Impact of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Child Health Outcomes in Kenya**	Mugo, Mercy G.	2012	AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW-REVUE AFRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT	24	4	10.1111/1467-8268.12003	University of Nairobi	None	It is widely acknowledged that a healthy nation is a wealthy nation. Most developing countries such as Kenya record unfavourable indicators of population health. Existing literature recognizes the bidirectional causality between health and economic growth and development, though credible information on the causal links is scarce. Various studies show that parental characteristics have important influences on early child health. Such studies are few and report mixed findings. This study aimed to understand and demonstrate the impact of parental socioeconomic status on child health outcomes in Kenya using data from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2005/2006, focusing on maternal labour force participation. We used two-stage least squares instrumental variable methods and the control function approach to cater for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity and non-linear interactions to estimate the causal links between child health outcomes and parental socioeconomic status. Diagnostic tests for relevance, validity and strength of instruments for endogenous regressors showed instruments were relevant, valid but weak. Our findings showed that maternal labour force participation has a positive but insignificant effect on child stunting and a combined indicator of stunting and wasting. We recommend policy that supports the provision of work opportunities for mothers will enhance child health outcomes in Kenya.	,"EARLY MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT",ECONOMICS,EDUCATION,FERTILITY,IDENTIFICATION,"LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION",LEAVE,VARIABLES,"WEAK INSTRUMENTS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876133239	Evaluation of 15 varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench to field infestation by flea beetles (Podagrica spp.)	Mohammed I.G., Osipitan A.A., Pitan O.R., Atayese M.	2013	African Entomology	21	1	10.4001/003.021.0120	Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, Un	Mohammed, I.G., Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Osipitan, A.A., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Pitan, O.R., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Atayese, M., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study evaluated 15 okra varieties to field infestation by flea beetles, Podagrica spp., in the early and late planting seasons of 2009, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (7°15′N 3°25′E), located in a sub-humid zone. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design, with three replicates. The main plot consisted of spraying regime (sprayed and unsprayed) while the sub-plot consisted of 15 okra varieties: V-35, V2-Oyo, V45-2, NH99/28, NH99/DA NH88/1-8-16-2, Enugu1, Osadep:purple Tall, LD88/1-8-5-2, LD88/1-8-16-2, Ola99/13, Ola3 Local, Olak2005, Short Mouth and Dajofolowo1. Lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed to the appropriate plots weekly. The results showed that in both early and late seasons, sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of flea beetles, lower leaf damage per plant, lower number of holes per leaf, wider stem girth, higher total plant dry biomass, higher number of pods compared with unsprayed okra. The sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) higher shoot dry biomass, higher root dry weight, higher total plant dry biomass, wider pods and higher pod weight in the early planting season compared with the late season. Varieties with leaf pubescence, namely NH99/DA, V-35 and Dajofolowo1, had the lowest flea beetle population, leaf damage per plant and number of holes per leaf compared to glaborous varieties. Likewise, the okra varieties NH99/28, V-35 and Dajofolowo1 which have thorny pods had no pod damage at all in both early and late planting seasons. LD88/1-8-5-2 had the highest number of pods per plant, whereas okra variety Ola99/13 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher pod weight during early planting. There was no significant difference in okra pods weight in all varieties evaluated in the late planting season.	Abelmoschus esculentus; planting season; Podagrica spp.; spraying regime	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Alticini; Coleoptera; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893671228	The impact of legislative framework governing waste management and collection in South Africa	Sentime K.	2014	African Geographical Review	33	1	10.1080/19376812.2013.847253	Department of Development Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Sentime, K., Department of Development Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	The legislative framework governing waste management defines the state as the key player and does not recognize informal waste collection in South Africa. There is inconsistency between this framework and the practice on the ground regarding waste collection. While the framework puts the state at the centre, the reality on the ground is that of the lack of specific policy directed at waste recycling. Thus, this gap which was supposed to be overcome by the state has been filled by an informal waste collection enterprise. This paper carries out a critical review of the legislative framework and reveals how it fails to take into account the reality of informal waste collectors who need to be empowered and formalized as they cover for the limits and failures of the state in Greater Johannesburg. The data for this research were collected through questionnaire survey, focus group discussion as well as interview in order to understand informal waste collectors social profile, types of waste collected, recycling approaches, challenges facing them as well as their spending patterns. The results show informal waste collectors in Braamfontein, Killarney and Newtown suburb of Johannesburg, who originated locally from South Africa and from other neighbouring countries such as Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The types of waste collected include: metal, plastic and glass as well as paper, but this varied from one area to another. The findings here are consitent with research elsewhere which shows that if well organized and supported by government and other stakeholders, waste collection and management can contribute positively in many aspects including jobs creation, poverty reduction, conserve natural resources and protect the environment as well as in empowering grassroots investment. © 2013 The African Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers.	Informal waste collection; Legislative framework; Urban poverty; Waste management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921669039	Toxicological evaluation of methanol leaves extract of Vernonia Bipontini Vatke in blood, liver and kidney tissues of mice	Alebachew M., Kinfu Y., Makonnen E., Bekuretsion Y., Urga K., Afework M.	2014	African Health Sciences	14	4	10.4314/ahs.v14i4.33	Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alebachew, M., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kinfu, Y., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekuretsion, Y., Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Afework, M., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Various medicinal plants have been studied using modern scientific approaches. These plants have a variety of properties and various biological components that can be used to treat various diseases. However, harmful effects of plants are common clinical occurrence.Objective:This study was designed to investigate toxicological assessment of acute and chronic methanol leaf extract of Vernonia bipontini Vatke (V.bipontini V) on blood, liver and kidney tissues of mice.Methods: Lethal dose (LD) at which 50% of experimental mice died and long term toxicity of methanolic leaf extract of V. bipontini V were determined. Some hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Then, liver and kidney tissues of each animal were taken and processed for light microscopy.Results: Almost all mice treated with 800mg/kg methanol leaf extract of V. bipontini V showed swellings on the left part of abdominal region related to location of spleen, mild diarrhea and enlargement of spleen. The LD50 of the methanol leaf extract of V. bipontini V was 2130.6±1.5mg/kg. Treatment with 800mg/kg body weight of methanol leaf extract significantly decreased body, liver and kidney weights, red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hgb), mean cell haemoglobin (Mch), Mchc, platelet and significantly increased serum aspartate transferance (AST), vatanine tranferance(ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels while 400mg/kg dose had no effect on these parameters. The reduced organ weights did not correlate with loss of body weight at 800mg/kg of methanol leaf extract of the plant. Light microscope observations of liver tissue of mice treated with 800mg/kg of the methanol leaf extract revealed dilated sinusoids, nuclear enlargement, lots of bi-nucleation of hepatocytes, peripheral cramped chromatin, shrinkages (single cell death) of hepatocytes, fragmentation of hepatocytes while no histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney of mice treated at 400mg/kg. Kidney tissue sections of mice did not show significant histopathological changes at 400mg/kg. However, at 800mg/kg kidney sections showed increased cellularity of glomerulus, urinary space obliteration and enlarged macula densa.Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol leaf extract may have been phytotoxic to liver that resulted in a rise in serum AST, ALT and ALP levels. © 2014 Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Hematological and biochemical; Kidney; Liver; Methanol; Swiss Albino mice; V. Bipontini Vatke	alkaline phosphatase; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; plant extract; unclassified drug; vernonia bipontini vatke extract; abdominal swelling; adult; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; body weight; controlled study; diarrhea; disease severity; drug blood level; drug liver level; drug tissue level; enzyme blood level; erythrocyte count; female; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; kidney; kidney injury; kidney mass; LD 50; liver cell damage; liver sinusoid; liver weight; male; medicinal plant; microscopy; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; splenomegaly; thrombocyte count; toxicokinetics; Vernonia bipontini Vatke; weight reduction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954470591	Evaluation of prescription pattern and patients’ opinion on healthcare practices in selected primary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria	Adisa R., Fakeye T.O., Aindero V.O.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	4	10.4314/ahs.v15i4.35	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adisa, R., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fakeye, T.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aindero, V.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Inappropriate prescribing negatively impacts on health and economy of individual and the society. Objectives: To evaluate the prescribing patterns and patients’ opinions on healthcare practices in selected primary healthcare centres (PHC) in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among patients and healthcare workers in selected PHCs using semi-structured questionnaires. Also, patients’ prescription records were reviewed using the WHO-prescribing indicators. Results: About one-half (210; 52.5%) were very satisfied with convenience of obtaining prescribed medicines in the PHCs, accessibility of PHC to abode (158;39.5%) and affordable medications (136;34.0%). Patients were dissatisfied with follow-up of care (191; 47.8%), courtesy of workers (184; 46.3%) and non-availability of medicines (138;34.5%). Number of drugs per encounter was 5.8±2.3 and % encounter with an antibiotic was >26.8% in each facility. Hematinics accounted for (814; 35.0%), analgesics (544; 23.4%), antimicrobials (303;13.0%) and antihypertensives (5; 0.2%). Conclusion: Primary healthcare attendees were satisfied with medication costs affordability and accessibility of PHC to abode but expressed dissatisfaction with follow-up of care and courtesy of workers. Also, inappropriate prescriptions characterized by polypharmacy and overuse of antibiotics were common underscoring the need for regular training of PHC workers on rational drug use and instituting appropriate measures for improvement. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Healthcare workers; Prescribing patterns; Primary healthcare	amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; artesunate; ascorbic acid; cefalexin; cefixime; cefuroxime; ciprofloxacin; cotrimoxazole; cyanocobalamin; diclofenac; doxycycline; erythromycin; ferrous sulfate; folic acid; gentamicin; ibuprofen; magnesium trisilicate; metronidazole; multivitamin; ofloxacin; paracetamol; procaine penicillin; sulfadimidine; tetracycline; unindexed drug; vitamin B complex; zinc sulfate; adolescent; adult; Article; cross-sectional study; drug cost; drug use; female; health care delivery; health care facility; health care practice; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; patient satisfaction; polypharmacy; prescription; prospective study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941341158	New pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions in four sub-saharan african countries: A cross-country analysis of health systems’ impacts	Torres-Rueda S., Burchett H.E., Griffiths U.K., Ongolo-Zogo P., Edengue J.-M., Kitaw Y., Molla M., Gelmon L., Onyango-Ouma W., Konate M., Mounier-Jack S.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	3	10.4314/ahs.v15i3.22	Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Ministry of Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Bamako, Mali; University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada	Torres-Rueda, S., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Burchett, H.E., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Griffiths, U.K., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Ongolo-Zogo, P., Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Edengue, J.-M., Ministry of Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Kitaw, Y., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Molla, M., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gelmon, L., University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada; Onyango-Ouma, W., University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Konate, M., Bamako, Mali; Mounier-Jack, S., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom	Background: Pneumonia is a main cause of under-five mortality in low-income settings. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been introduced in many countries as a tool in the disease’s prevention. Although PCV’s effectiveness has been established, less is known about the effects of introducing additional injectable vaccines into routine immunisation programmes, particularly in the context of resource-constrained settings. Objectives: To explore the effects of PCV introduction on the immunisation programmes and health systems in four low-income countries. Methods: This study was carried out in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya and Mali. Three to four regions and nine to 10 districts were selected within each country. Semi-structured interviews were carried out at national, regional and district levels (n=173). Researcher-administered questionnaires were completed with facility staff (n=124). Routine data on monthly vaccination activities were collected at district and facility levels. Results: PCV was generally well integrated into existing routine immunisation. Little or no impact was found in most areas of the health systems. Some minor effects were found on immunisation programmes, particularly in areas with either planning activities or investments e.g. staff skills were strengthened and there were limited improvements in surveillance. Although health sector workers perceived increases in the coverage of other vaccines following the introduction of PCV, routine service data did not confirm this claim. No substantial impacts were seen in health system management, service delivery or performance. Conclusions: The introduction of PCV had marginal impacts on the Expanded Programme for Immunisation and little to none on broader health systems. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Health systems’ impacts; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Sub-Saharan	Pneumococcus vaccine; Article; Cameroon; controlled study; Ethiopia; health care delivery; health care management; health care planning; health care quality; health care system; human; income; investment; Kenya; Mali; medical staff; preventive health service; questionnaire; semi structured interview; vaccination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861311153	Comparative performance of HbA1c 6.5% for FPG &gt;7.0 vs 2hr PG&gt;11.1 criteria for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes	Adamu A.N.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	3	None	Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Adamu, A.N., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Background: International expert committee on the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus in 2009 and World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 has advocated the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine and compare the relationship between the new cut off value of HbA1c with established criteria. Methods: Thirty-one hypertensive subjects attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital were recruited for HbA1c and standard oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and two-hour plasma glucose (2hrpp) value of e"126mg/dl and >200mg/dl were used as standard respectively for diagnosis of diabetes. The HbA1c of e"6.5% was used to diagnose diabetes. The performance and correlation of HbA1c with FPG and 2hrpp were calculated and results were compared. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 53.97±6.27years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), efficiency and correlation of FPG is 50%, 68%, 27%, 85%, 64% and 0.5 respectively while the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, efficiency and correlation of 2hrpp is 73.91%, 62.5%,85%, 41.66%, 70.97% and 0.73% respectively. There was a significant difference between FPG and 2hrpp interms of sensitivity, PPV and NPV. Conclusion: The results of HbA1c with 2hrpp has better correlation, sensitivity, and PPV compared to HbA1c with FPG.	2-hour post-prandial glucose; Diabetes diagnosis; Fasting plasma glucoe; HbA1c	glucose; hemoglobin A1c; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c protein, human; adult; article; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diet restriction; female; glucose blood level; human; hypertension; male; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; oral glucose tolerance test; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity; standard; university hospital; blood; cross-sectional study; glucose blood level; glucose tolerance test; middle aged; reference value; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960976329	Evaluation of the physicochemical equivalence of three brands of commercially available quinine sulphate tablets from South Western part of Nigeria	Adegbite A.I., Adegbolagun O.M.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adegbite, A.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adegbolagun, O.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: The relatively little resistance to quinine globally has led to an increase in its use in P. falciparum malaria especially in multi-drug resistant strains. Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and equivalency of three brands of quinine sulphate tablets available in South Western region of Nigeria. Methods: The pharmaceutical and chemical equivalence of three brands of quinine sulphate tablets were assessed through the evaluation of some biopharmaceutical parameters and active drug content. Results: All the brands complied with the official specification for uniformity of weight. Two of the brands (A & B) gave similar crushing strengths while the third brand (C) gave a much lower value. Similarly all the brands complied with the official specification of disintegration test but the obtained values were statistically different (p<0.05). The T70 obtained from the dissolution rate profile was less than 45 minutes for the three brands, although A and B were not statistically different but C was statistically from A and B. The quinine content of brands B and C are within the official specification however brand A with percentage content of 110±1.3%w/w, is above the specification while it is statistically different from the other brands. Conclusion: Brands B and C could be regarded as chemical equivalent, but they are not biopharmaceutical equivalents, on the other hand, brands A and B may be regarded as biopharmaceutical equivalents but not chemical equivalent.	Biopharmaceutical equivalence; Chemical equivalence; Non-aqueous titration; Quinine sulphate tablets	quinine sulfate; article; biopharmaceutical equivalence; chemical equivalence; controlled study; crushing strength; drug determination; drug dosage form comparison; drug purity; drug solubility; Nigeria; pharmacological parameters; physical chemistry; tablet disintegration; Antimalarials; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drugs, Generic; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Quality Control; Quinine; Solubility; Tablets; Therapeutic Equivalency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896065245	Evaluation of haematological, hepatic and renal functions of petroleum tanker drivers in Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele O., Sulayman A.A., Akintonwa A.	2014	African Health Sciences	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Sulayman, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Akintonwa, A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Hydrocarbons which are among the major components of petroleum products are considered toxic and have been implicated in a number of human diseases. Tanker drivers are continuously exposed to hydrocarbons by inhalation and most of these drivers do not use protective devices to prevent inhalation of petroleum products; nor do they visit hospital regularly for routine check-up. Objective: In view of this occupational hazard, we investigated the haematological, renal and hepatic functions of workers of petroleum tankers drivers in Lagos, Nigeria. Method: Twenty-five tanker drivers' and fifteen control subjects were randomly selected based on the selection criteria of not smoking and working for minimum of 5 years as petroleum tanker driver. The liver, renal and haematological parameters were analyzed using automated clinical and haematological analyzers while the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant level tests were assayed using standard methods. Results: There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in the levels of serum alanine amino transferase (31.14±13.72; 22.38±9.89), albumin (42.50±4.69; 45.36±1.74) and alkaline phosphatase (84.04±21.89; 62.04±23.33) of petroleum tanker drivers compared with the controls. A significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of creatinine, urea and white blood cells of the tanker drivers, compared with the controls, were also obtained. Conclusion: The results have enormous health implications of continuous exposure to petroleum products reflected hepatic and renal damage of petroleum tanker drivers. Therefore, there is need for this group of workers to be sensitized on the importance of protective devises, regular medical checkup and management. Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.	Hydrocarbons; Liver functions; Oxidative stress; Petroleum tanker drivers; Renal	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; creatinine; petroleum; urea; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; article; autoanalyzer; controlled study; driver; eye infection; health status; hematological parameters; hematology analyzer; human; kidney function; kidney injury; leukocyte; lipid peroxidation; liver function; liver injury; major clinical study; Nigeria; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; ocular pruritus; rash; skin infection; thorax pain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053619329	Prescribing practices for malaria in a rural Ugandan hospital: Evaluation of a new malaria treatment policy	Ucakacon P.S., Achan J., Kutyabami P., Odoi A.R., Kalyango N.J.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	SPEC. ISSUE	None	Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda	Ucakacon, P.S., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda; Achan, J., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda; Kutyabami, P., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda; Odoi, A.R., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda; Kalyango, N.J., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala University Road, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Increasing resistance to first line antimalarial drugs led to a change in the antimalarial policy of Uganda in 2005. Successful implementation of this policy depends on changing prescribing patterns of health workers. Objectives: To describe prescribing patterns for malaria and associated factors in a rural Ugandan hospital following a change in antimalarial treatment policy from chloroquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to artemisinin-based combination therapies. Methods: From the outpatients register, 715 prescriptions for malaria were reviewed. Data was collected on patient demographics, prescriber factors and prescription patterns. Prescriptions were considered to conform to the new antimalarial policy if artemether-lumefantrine was prescribed for uncomplicated malaria or quinine for treatment failure or complicated malaria. Results: The most frequently prescribed antimalarials for uncomplicated and complicated malaria were artemetherlumefantrine (n=564, 88.5%) and quinine (n=66, 84.6%) respectively. The proportion of prescriptions conforming to the new antimalarial treatment policy was 88.1% (n=630). Predictors of conformity were: duration in service of less than 6 years (OR=3.40. CI=1.24-9.33), prescriber's profession (OR=97.51, CI=27.29-348.34) and diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria (OR=10.13, CI=3.37-30.42). Conclusions: Adequate training and provision of information relevant to the needs of different cadres of health workers is needed to promote effective uptake of new treatment policies.	Malaria policy; Malaria treatment; Prescribing practices	artemether plus benflumetol; chloroquine; pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; quinine; article; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; drug choice; female; health care need; health care policy; human; malaria; male; medical decision making; practice guideline; prescription; professional competence; professional standard; rural population; school child; treatment planning; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Policy; Hospitals, Rural; Humans; Infant; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Physician's Practice Patterns; Prescriptions; Registries; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893907742	Evaluation of some anthropometric indices for the diagnosis of obesity in pregnancy in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study	Okereke C.E., Anyaehie U.B., Dim C.C., Iyare E.E., Nwagha U.I.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	4	10.4314/ahs.v13i4.25	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Physiology, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria	Okereke, C.E., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Anyaehie, U.B., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Dim, C.C., Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Physiology, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria; Iyare, E.E., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Nwagha, U.I., Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Physiology, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria	Background: Obesity in pregnancy is a global health problem which is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. The use of weight and height, measured at about ten weeks of gestation, to produce pre-gestational body mass index is recommended for the diagnoses of the condition but limitations abound in under resourced settings. Objectives: To measure anthropometric indices such as mid upper arm circumference, calf circumference, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio, for identification of obesity in pregnancy. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were carried out on cohorts of pregnant women from 4 hospitals in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria. Results: There were no significant difference in the mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) across the trimester groups. The mean values of waist circumferences, hip circumference and waist to hip ratios changed significantly across the trimesters. The 75th percentile of MUAC (33 cm) and CC (39 cm) in all trimesters, had sensitivity and specificity of more than 70% for identifying obesity in pregnancy. Conclusion: MUAC and CC values of 33cm and 39cm respectively might be reliable cut off points for diagnoses of obesity throughout pregnancy in Enugu, Nigeria.	Anthropometric indices; Body mass index; Nigeria; Obesity; Oregnancy	adolescent; adult; anatomy and histology; anthropometry; arm; body composition; body mass; cross-sectional study; evaluation study; female; human; Nigeria; obesity; pregnancy; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; waist circumference; waist hip ratio; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Arm; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Nigeria; Obesity; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859874750	Facial approximation: Evaluation of dental and facial proportions with height	Esan T.A., Oziegbe O.E., Onapokya H.O.	2012	African Health Sciences	12	1	None	Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Scie	Esan, T.A., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oziegbe, O.E., Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Onapokya, H.O., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: Fabrication of complete dentures requires the use of certain guidelines which are placed on the bite blocks to assist the clinician to have the maxillary anterior teeth restored to optimal dento-labial relations, in harmony with the overall facial appearance. Objective: To explore if any relationship exists between dental and facial proportions as well as the height of the individuals. Methods: Two hundred and four dental students of the Obafemi Awolowo University volunteered to participated in the study. The lower facial height, inter incisal, inter canine, and intercommisure distances, as well as the height of the participants were measured. The data were imputed, analyzed, and reported as simple frequency, means and standard deviations using the SPSS vs 11. Statistical significance was inferred at p<0.05. Result: The mean values of all the parameters measured were significantly higher in males than females. None of the mean values measured were coincident. However, a significant correlation exists between intercanine and interincisal distances(r=0.8) while a weak but significant negative correlation exists between the intercanine distance and the difference of the intercommisural and intercanine distances (r=-0.4) Conclusion: The study showed no relationship between intercanine distance, interincisal distance, lower facial height, and the height of the participants with the intercommissural distance. Hence, intercommissural distance may not be used in marking canine line during bite registration procedure. At best, 1.75-2.45 cm should be subtracted from the intercommissural distance to determine the intercanine distance.	Facial measurements; Intercanine; Intercommisure	adolescent; adult; anthropometric parameters; article; body height; clinical evaluation; controlled study; craniofacial morphology; dental health; dentistry; denture; face profile; facies; female; human; intercanine distance; intercommisural distance; interincisal distance; male; mouth examination; sex difference; tooth prosthesis; Adolescent; Adult; Body Height; Cephalometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cuspid; Dental Arch; Esthetics, Dental; Face; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Nigeria; Odontometry; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tooth Crown; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960981190	Evaluation of the LTK63 adjuvant effect on cellular immune responses to measles virus nucleoprotein	Erume J., Partidos C.D.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	2	None	Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pathology and Infectious diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1, United Kingdom	Erume, J., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Partidos, C.D., Department of Pathology and Infectious diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1, United Kingdom	Background: A lot of pathogens enter the body via the nasal route. The construction of non-toxic mutants of heat labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT), which is a potent mucosal adjuvant, represents a major breakthrough for the development of mucosal vaccines. Objective: This study was undertaken to critically evaluate the adjuvanticity of the mutant of LT (LTK63) on the cellular immune responses to intranasally co-administered recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein (rMVNP). Methods: Groups of CBA mice were immunized intranasally with rMVNP with or without LT or LTK63 as adjuvants. Another group was immunized subcutaneously with rMVNP in Freund's adjuvant. rMVNP and measles virus (MV) were used in a proliferation assay to test the LTK63 potentiating ability to induce T cell responses. Subsequently MVNP synthetic peptides spanning the length of the N protein were used with a proliferation assay to identify the T cell epitopes. Results: Splenocytes from mice immunized intranasally with rMVNP plus LT or LTK63, showed strong dose dependent proliferative responses to both the MVNP and MV. However, proliferative responses from the latter group were significantly lower than the former group (P < 0.05). Splenocytes tested recognized peptides 20, 21, 28, 31, 39, 40 and 50, suggesting these to be among important epitopes. Subcutaneous route was not effective in priming for T cell responses to rMVNP. Conclusion: These data further demonstrate the great potential of LTK63 as a safe mucosal vaccine adjuvant.	Adjuvant; Cellular; Evaluation; Immunity; LTK63; Mice	epitope; Escherichia coli enterotoxin; Freund adjuvant; immunological adjuvant; ltk 63; mutant protein; recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein; unclassified drug; virus nucleoprotein; animal cell; animal experiment; antigen recognition; article; cellular immunity; controlled study; dose response; female; lymphocyte proliferation; measles; Measles virus; nonhuman; spleen cell; T lymphocyte; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Proliferation; Enterotoxins; Epitopes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Female; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Mucosal; Measles virus; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Nucleoproteins; Spleen; Vaccines; Viral Proteins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645861126	Evaluation of CD4+/CD8+ status and urinary tract infections associated with urinary schistosomiasis among some rural Nigerians	Nmorsi O.P.G., Ukwandu N.C.D., Egwungenya O.A., Obhiemi N.U.	2005	African Health Sciences	5	2	None	Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; P.O. Box 902, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria	Nmorsi, O.P.G., Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria, P.O. Box 902, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; Ukwandu, N.C.D., Department of Medical Microbiology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Egwungenya, O.A., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Obhiemi, N.U., Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Background: Data on urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria are mainly epidemological. The knowledge of co-infections of urinary schistosomiasis and other pathogens are important epidemiological tools for the control and health benefits of the rural dwellers. The granulomatous reactions in urinary schistosomiasis is CD4+ dependent. The CD8+ is cytotoxic to parasites and it is activated by CD4+. These parameters therefore participate in the immune responses to urinary schistosomiasis Objective: In this study, we evaluated the polyparasitism involving urinary schistosomiasis and urinary tract co - infections among some rural Nigerians. The CD4+:CD8+ ratio and status with age groups in years were also investigated. Methods: Parasitological investigation using ova on urine was carried out on 216 volunteers. The urine samples were examined for bacteriuria and subsequently subjected to standard microbiological urine culture. CD4+/CD8+ were determined using the CD T4 Dynabead techniques. Data were analysed using MicroSoft Excel. Results: The inhabitants with light infections of urinary schistosomiasis as indicated by &lt;50 ova /10ml of urine had a mean CD4+:CD8+ ratio of 1.57 while those with heavy infections as shown by &gt;50 ova/10ml of urine had a relatively lower CD4+:CD8+ ratio of 1.03. In all, the overall CD4+:CD8+ ratio of 1.23 was recorded with the mean CD4+ count of 257.96 cells/μL, and the mean CD8+ count of 210.45cells /μL. Comparatively, the control uninfected subjects had a CD4+:CD8+ ratio of 5.97. The CD4+ and the CD8+ counts were correlated with the ova of S. haematobium in their urine samples at r = 0.0108 and r = 0.516 respectively. The bacteriuria, urinary schistosomiasis and urinary tract co - infections namely; Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staph. Saprophyticus were reported in the urine cultures of 48(22.0%) volunteers. Conclusion: The mean overall CD4+:CD8+ ratio of urinary schistosomiasis infected persons is 1.23 which is above the normal CD4+: CD8+ ratio of 1. The CD4+:CD8+ ratio and counts of the urinary schistosomiasis infected inhabitants were lower than the uninfected inhabitants. The positive correlation between the CD4+: CD8+ and the S. haematobium ova shows a relationship which indicate an increase of the CD4+: CD8+ as the intensity of infection increases. We report polyparasitism of S. haematobium and urinary tracts co-infections among some rural inhabitants in Ikpeshi, Nigeria. It is therefore imperative to incorporate the management of urinary tract infections in urinary schistosomiasis control programme.	CD4+; CD8+; Rural Nigerians; Urinary schistosomiasis; Urinary tract infections	adolescent; adult; age distribution; article; bacteriuria; CD4 CD8 ratio; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; child; computer program; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease association; disease severity; Escherichia coli; human; immune response; infection control; infection prevention; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; Nigeria; oocyte; parasite examination; prevalence; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rural area; Schistosoma hematobium; schistosomiasis; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus saprophyticus; superinfection; urinalysis; urinary tract infection; urine culture; female; male; middle aged; preschool child; rural population; Adolescent; Adult; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Rural Population; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Urinary Tract Infections	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954557817	In vivo anti-plasmodial activities and toxic impacts of lime extract of a combination of Picralima nitida, Alstonia boonei and Gongronema latifolium in mice infected with Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei	Idowu E.T., Ajaegbu H.C., Omotayo A.I., Aina O.O., Otubanjo O.A.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	4	10.4314/ahs.v15i4.27	Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria; Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria	Idowu, E.T., Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajaegbu, H.C., Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria; Omotayo, A.I., Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, O.O., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria; Otubanjo, O.A., Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Lime extracts of powdered combination of seeds of Picralima nitida, stem bark of Alstonia boonei and leaves of Gongronema latifolium is a common remedy used in the treatment of malaria in South Western Nigeria. Objective: To determine the antiplasmodial activities of the combined herbal extracts and its impact on the haematological, hepatological and renological parameters in mice. Methods: The 4-day suppressive and curative tests were used to assess the antiplasmodial activities of the extract in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei at concentration of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg body weight. The haematological parameters including red blood cells, white blood cells, packed cell volume and haemoglobin count were analysed with an auto analyser. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined, while urea, protein and creatinine were analysed by standard procedural methods. Results: The 4-day suppressive test revealed that the test extract achieved percentage suppression of 39.0%, 41.6% and 54.68% for the 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg concentration respectively. Additionally, the curative test achieved a high percentage suppression of 80.97%, 83.84% and 86.16% at the 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg concentration respectively. The extracts did not induce significant change on haematological parameters (P>0.05), while significant elevation in the values of the ALT and AST (P<0.05) was observed and elevation of creatinine (P<0.05) at 800mg/kg. Conclusions: The results support the traditional use of the herbal combination in the treatment of malaria, however the liver cells were impacted by the extracts in bioassay conducted with mice. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Alstonia boonei; Gongronema latifolium; In vivo anti-plasmodial lime extract; Mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei; Picralima nitida	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; Alstonia boonei extract; antimalarial agent; aspartate aminotransferase; chloroquine; creatinine; Gongronema latifolium extract; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; Picralima nitida extract; protein; unclassified drug; urea; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; Alstonia; Alstonia boonei; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; Apocynaceae; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; autoanalyzer; controlled study; creatinine blood level; erythrocyte count; female; Gongronema latifolium; hemoglobin blood level; in vivo study; leukocyte count; male; mouse; Nigeria; nonhuman; Picralima nitida; plant leaf; plant stem; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; protein blood level; traditional medicine; urea blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893970684	Attitude of Lesotho health care workers towards HIV/AIDS and impact of HIV/AIDS on the population structure	Belle J.A., Ferriera S.B., Jordaan A.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	4	10.4314/ahs.v13i4.36	Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Belle, J.A., Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Ferriera, S.B., Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Jordaan, A., Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Background: The impact and management of HIV/AIDS in Lesotho in the context of disaster management was investigated. Objectives: Lesotho health care workers' perception on HIV/AIDS progression, whether HIV/AIDS was managed as a disaster, and the impact on the demographic profile was investigated. Methods: The empirical investigation included a literature study, and primary and secondary data analyses. Questionnaires (n=116) determined health care workers' perception of HIV/AIDS. Interviews with officers of Lesotho Disaster Management determined how HIV/AIDS was managed as a disaster. National population censuses and data from surveys were summarised to describe the impact of HIV/AIDS on the population structure. Results: Respondents' modal age group was 25 to 39 years, 28.4% viewed HIV/AIDS related deaths as very high and perceived that HIV/AIDS changed the age composition, sex and dependency ratio of the population. Although HIV/ AIDS was declared a disaster, the Lesotho Disaster Management Authority only aided the National AIDS Commission. There was evidence that HIV/AIDS caused the population pyramid base to shrink, and an indentation in the active population. Conclusion: Health care workers attributed HIV/AIDS to changing the demographic profile of Lesotho, also reflected in the population pyramid. Lesotho Disaster Management Authority played a supporting role in HIV/AIDS disaster management.	Disaster management; Health care workers; HIV/AIDS; Lesotho; Population	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; attitude to health; female; health personnel attitude; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; Lesotho; male; middle aged; perception; psychology; questionnaire; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Lesotho; Male; Middle Aged; Perception; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883700146	Evaluation and comparison of in-vitro dissolution profiles for different brands of amoxicillin capsules	Kassaye L., Genete G.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	2	10.4314/ahs.v13i2.25	Food and Medicine quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kassaye, L., Food and Medicine quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Genete, G., Food and Medicine quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Amoxicillin is an oral semi-synthetic, β-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible micro organisms. It is usually prepared in capsule, tablet and powder for oral suspension form. Solid dosage forms for oral administration pose bioavailability problems related to the absorption process The World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted the use of generic brands in order to make the cost of medicines affordable. Generic substitution could be considered when a generic copy of a reference drug contains identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dose formulation and route of administration. However, the presences of generic products those are not interchangeable with that of the innovator and/or with each others have been reported. Objective: To evaluate and compare the in-vitro dissolution profiles of different generic brands of amoxicillin capsules with the innovator that are available in Ethiopian market. Methods: Dissolution profiles for nine brands of amoxicillin capsules contained amoxicillin 500 mg which are available in Ethiopian market were determined using a method from the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP, 2009). The obtained dissolution profile data of the eight brands were evaluated and compared with the innovator brand (Amoxil™) using two different statistical methods: the fit factors (f1 & f2) and the dissolution efficiency (D.E.) model. Most generic brands of amoxicillin capsules (62.5% of the tested brands) are not interchangeable with the innovator brand. Results: The calculated f1 factor for Brand A and Brand G are 10.1 and 1.1 respectively. However, for the rest six brands the f1 factors are greater than 15. The f2 factor for Brand G is 74.1 and for Brand A is 48.5 which is near to 50. Similarly, the f2 factors for the six brands are less than 50 which support the result of the f1 factors for the dissimilarity of these brands with the innovator brand. The mean dissolution efficiencies as well as the 95% confidence intervals are within ±10% only for two brands, Brand F and Brand G. Conclusion: Most generic brands of amoxicillin capsules (62.5%) are not interchangeable with the innovator brand (Amoxil™).	Amoxicillin; Dissolution profile; Evaluation and comparison	amoxicillin; generic drug; article; comparative study; controlled study; drug capsule; drug solubility; drug structure; in vitro study; tablet disintegration time; amoxicillin; Dissolution profile; evaluation and comparison; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Capsules; Ethiopia; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930061414	Evaluation of the diagnostic performance and operational characteristics of four rapid immunochromatographic syphilis tests in burkina faso	Bocoum F.Y., Ouédraogo H., Tarnagda G., Kiba A., Tiendrebeogo S., Bationo F., Liestman B., Diagbouga S., Zarowsky C., Traoré R.O., Kouanda S.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	2	10.4314/ahs.v15i2.8	Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Free Afrik, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine (CRTS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Université de Ouagadougou, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie	Bocoum, F.Y., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Free Afrik, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Ouédraogo, H., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Tarnagda, G., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Kiba, A., Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine (CRTS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Tiendrebeogo, S., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Bationo, F., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Liestman, B., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Diagbouga, S., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Zarowsky, C., University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Traoré, R.O., Université de Ouagadougou, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie; Kouanda, S., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	Background and objective: Little information is available on the rapid diagnostic testing for syphilis in Burkina Faso. The objectives of the study were (i) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of four on site rapid tests in comparison with Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) as a gold standard and (ii) to evaluate the operational characteristics of those tests among health workers in a maternity unit. Methods: Four rapid syphilis tests commercially available in Burkina Faso were evaluated using archived serum samples and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) as the gold standard. Blood samples were collected between November 2011 and June 2012 from blood donors at the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Ouagadougou. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were calculated. Evaluation of operational characteristics such as clarity of pamphlet, complexity of technique, duration, was conducted in a first-level healthcare center with health workers in maternity unit. Results: Alere DetermineTM Syphilis was the most sensitive of the four rapid syphilis tests evaluated. It was followed by SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0, Cypress Diagnostics Syphilis Quick test and Accu-Tell ® Rapid Anti-TP, which was the least sensitive. The four tests demonstrated a good diagnostic specificity for syphilis (95–98%), and healthcare workers found them easy to use. Conclusions: The study allowed confirming the good performance of three of four rapid syphilis tests in Burkina Faso. More research will be conducted to assess the feasibility of introducing selected rapid tests for syphilis in antenatal care services. © 2015 Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Burkina Faso; Performance; Rapid test; Syphilis	Article; blood sampling; Burkina Faso; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; cypress diagnostics syphilis quick test; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; human; intermethod comparison; rapid anti Treponema pallidum test; SD bioline syphilis 3.0 test; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; syphilis; syphilis rapid test; syphilis Treponema pallidum test; Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864375259	Evidence-based monitoring and evaluation of the faith-based approach to HIV prevention among Christian and Muslim youth in Wakiso district in Uganda	Kagimu M., Kaye S., Ainomugisha D., Lutalo I., Walakira Y., Guwatudde D., Rwabukwali C.	2012	African Health Sciences	12	2	10.4314/ahs.v12i2.7	Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, Uganda; Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda; Department of Sociology, Makerere University, Uganda; Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda	Kagimu, M., Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, Uganda, Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda, Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda; Kaye, S., Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, Uganda, Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda; Ainomugisha, D., Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, Uganda; Lutalo, I., Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda; Walakira, Y., Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, Uganda; Guwatudde, D., Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda; Rwabukwali, C., Department of Sociology, Makerere University, Uganda	Background: The Islamic Medical Association of Uganda, has been implementing the faith-based approach to HIV prevention without baseline data on expected positive outcomes. Objectives: To establish evidence-based baseline data on expected positive outcomes of the faith-based approach to HIV prevention. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 15-24 year-old youths was analyzed for significant associations between HIV infections, risky behaviors, and religiosity. Results: HIV prevalence was 3.6% among Christians and 2.4% among Muslims. Abstaining from sex among teenagers was at 54% for Christians and 58% for Muslims. Being faithful in marriage among males was at 41% for Christians and 34% for Muslims and among females it was 65% for Christians and 69% for Muslims. Praying privately was associated with lower HIV infections and was observed among 60% of Christians. Sujda, the hyperpigmented marker of regular prayers on the forehead of Muslims was associated with lower HIV infections and observed in 42% of them. Ever drank alcohol was associated with higher HIV prevalence and observed in 52% of Christians and 17% of Muslims. Male circumcision rates were 15% for Christians and 98% for Muslims. Conclusion: A sero-behavioral-religiosity survey can provide evidence-based data for monitoring and evaluation of the faith-based approach to HIV prevention.	Christians; Evidence-based; Faith-based approach; HIV prevention; Monitoring and evaluation; Muslims	adolescent; adult; article; christian; circumcision; cross-sectional study; disease association; drinking behavior; evaluation; evidence based practice; female; health survey; high risk behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; juvenile; male; marriage; monitoring; moslem; outcome assessment; prevalence; religion; sexual behavior; Uganda; Adolescent; Christianity; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Islam; Male; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Religion; Religion and Sex; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Self Report; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Socioeconomic Factors; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949506726	Impact of mouth rinsing before sputum collection on culture contamination	Muzanye G., Morgan K., Johnson J., Mayanja-Kizza H.	2009	African Health Sciences	9	3	None	Makerere-Case Western Reserve University, Research Collaboration, P. O. Box, Uganda; Joint Clinical Research Centre, TB Lab., Uganda; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, United States; Makerere University, Department of Medicine, Uganda	Muzanye, G., Makerere-Case Western Reserve University, Research Collaboration, P. O. Box, Uganda; Morgan, K., Joint Clinical Research Centre, TB Lab., Uganda; Johnson, J., Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, United States; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Makerere University, Department of Medicine, Uganda	[No abstract available]	None	article; bacterium contamination; drug sensitivity; fungal contamination; human; Indonesia; medical education; medical practice; mouth flora; mouth hygiene; Pakistan; patient care; sputum culture; tuberculosis; Humans; Mouth; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Reproducibility of Results; Specimen Handling; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941344422	Sonographic evaluation of the spleen among sickle cell disease patients in a teaching hospital in Nigeria	Eze C.U., Offordile G.C., Agwuna K.K., Ocheni S., Nwadike I.U., Chukwu B.F.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	3	10.4314/ahs.v15i3.32	Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Radiation Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Haematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; P	Eze, C.U., Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Offordile, G.C., Radiation Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Agwuna, K.K., Radiation Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Ocheni, S., Haematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Nwadike, I.U., Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Paediatrics, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria	Background: Regional variations in size and parenchyma echo-texture of the spleen among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have been documented in various publications. The objectives of this study were to assess the size and parenchyma echo-texture of the spleen of SCD patients and ascertain the relationship of age, height and weight with the spleen sizes. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 103 each of SCD and age matched control subjects. Aloka ST-550-3500 ultrasound machine with 3.5 and 5 MHz convex transducers was used to scan the subjects over a 15 months period (September, 2012 to November, 2013). The age, height and weight of each subject were recorded. Results: The spleen sizes of SCD patients were generally larger than those of the controls (p < 0.05). Abnormal spleen parenchyma of varied appearances was found among the SCD subjects. There were negative correlations between mean spleen sizes and height, weight and age in SCD patients but positive correlations were found between them in the controls. Conclusion: Routine sonographic assessment of spleen size and echo-texture is useful in the management of SCD patients. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Nigerian population; Patient management; Sickle cell disease; Sonography; Spleen morphology	adolescent; adult; age; Article; body height; body weight; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease association; echography; female; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; preschool child; prospective study; radiological parameters; school child; sickle cell anemia; spleen examination; spleen parenchyma echo texture; spleen size; teaching hospital; ultrasound scanner; ultrasound transducer; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941367030	Evaluation of the anti-candidal activity of methanolic leaf extract of cleistopholis patens (Fam. Annonaceae) on candida species isolated from stage II HIV patients	Okechukwu D.C., Momoh M.A., Esimone C.O.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	3	10.4314/ahs.v15i3.12	Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit of Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria	Okechukwu, D.C., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit of Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Momoh, M.A., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit of Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Esimone, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria	Background: Candida species (sp) is implicated in causing opportunistic disseminated mycotic complications in stage II HIV patients. Cleistopholis patens is a West African medicinal tree reported to have significant antifungal activity against C. albicans. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anti-candidal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cleistopholis patens against Candida species isolated from stage II HIV patients. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and Nystatin®® was determined by agar dilution method. The killing rate studies of the plant extract and Nystatin® were also determined. Results: The extract had activity against all Candida isolates, with the MIC against the five isolates ranging from 6.0-9.8 mg/ml. Nystatin® also demonstrated plausible activity against the isolates with MICs ranging from 0.3125-25 mg/ml. Candida albicans strain 2 was the most sensitive to both extract and Nystatin® with MIC values of 6 and 0.3125 mg/ml respectively. Candida krusei was the least sensitive with MIC values of 9.8 and 25 mg/ml for the extract and Nystatin® respectively. The killing rate values for the extract ranged from-0.029 to-0.091 min-1 and that of Nystatin® ranged from-0.076 to-0.11216 min-1. Conclusions: The results indicate that the methanolic extract of Cleistopholis patens is a promising clinical alternative besides Nystatin® in the treatment of infections caused by Candida species in stage II HIV patients. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Anti-candidal activity; Candida; Cleistopholis patens; HIV Patients	antifungal agent; Cleistopholis patens extract; methanol; nystatin; plant extract; unclassified drug; agar dilution; Annonaceae; antifungal activity; Article; Candida; Candida albicans; Cleistopholis patens; concentration response; disease classification; disease severity; fungal strain; fungus isolation; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; opportunistic infection; Pichia kudriavzevii; plant leaf	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883700715	The impact of HIV/AIDS stigma on HIV counseling and testing in a high HIV prevalence population in Uganda	Ayiga N., Nambooze H., Nalugo S., Kaye D., Katamba A.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	2	10.4314/ahs.v13i2.12	Population Training and Research Unit, Mafikeng Campus, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda	Ayiga, N., Population Training and Research Unit, Mafikeng Campus, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Nambooze, H., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Nalugo, S., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kaye, D., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Despite its importance in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing (HCT) is low in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease continues to be a serious public health problem. This has in part been attributed to HIV/AIDS related stigma. Objective: To assess the level of HIV/AIDS related stigma and its impact on uptake of HCT in a high HIV prevalence population in Uganda. Methods: The paper used cross-sectional data on 135 men and 185 women in reproductive ages. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square statistic and the random intercept binary logistic regression model to identify significant predictors of uptake of HCT. Results: The result shows that only 18.4% of the respondents, most of them men expressed highly stigmatizing attitudes against PLHA and 59%, men and women alike, received HCT. Uptake of HCT was higher among men (OR=1.89, p<0.01) and women (OR=4.48, p <0.001) who expressed least stigmatizing attitudes. Secondary/higher education, work in the informal sector and being ever married were significant predictors of uptake of HCT. Compared to men, women aged 25-34, 35+ and with one sexual partner were more likely to have received HCT. Conclusions: The low level of stigma, older age, higher level of education, being ever married and monogamous sexual relationships are significant predictors of increased uptake of HCT.	HIV counseling and Testing; Stigma; Uganda	adolescent; adult; article; attitude to illness; controlled study; counseling; educational status; employment status; female; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection rate; major clinical study; male; marriage; prediction; prevalence; sex difference; sexual behavior; social status; stigma; Uganda; HIV counseling and Testing; Stigma; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Sex Distribution; Social Stigma; Uganda; Young Adult	None
None	None	Molecular monitoring of resistant dhfr and dhps allelic haplotypes in Morogoro and Mvomero districts in south eastern Tanzania	Malisa A., Pearce R., Abdullah S., Mutayoba B., Mshinda H., Kachur P., Bloland P., Roper C.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	2	None	Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Morogoro, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Pathogen Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) Ifakara, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Morogoro, Tanzania; Malaria Epidemiology Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States	Malisa, A., Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Morogoro, Tanzania, Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) Ifakara, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania; Pearce, R., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Pathogen Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; Abdullah, S., Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) Ifakara, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mutayoba, B., Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mshinda, H., Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) Ifakara, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kachur, P., Malaria Epidemiology Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Bloland, P., Malaria Epidemiology Branch,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Roper, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Pathogen Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom	Background: Resistance to the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) emerged in Plasmodium falciparum from Asia in the 1960s and subsequently spread to Africa. In Tanzania, SP use as a national policy began in 1983 as a second line to chloroquine (CQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, until August 2001 when it was approved to replace CQ as a national first line. Objective: The present study assesses the frequency of resistant dhfr and dhps alleles in Morogoro-Mvomero district in south eastern Tanzania and contrast their rate of change during 17 years of SP second line use against five years of SP first line use. Methodology: Cross sectional surveys of asymptomatic infections were carried out at the end of rainy season during July- September of 2000, when SP was the national second line (CQ was the first line) and 2006 when SP was the national first line antimalarial treatment. Genetic analysis of SP resistance genes was carried out on 1,044 asymptomatic infections and the effect of the two policies on SP evolution compared. Results: The frequency of the most resistant allele, the double dhps-triple dhfr mutant genotype, increased by only 1% during 17 years of SP second line use, but there was a dramatic increase by 45% during five years of SP first line use. Conclusion: We conclude that National policy change from second line to first line SP, brought about an immediate shift in treatment practice and this in turn had a highly significant impact on drug pressure. The use of SP in specific programs only such as intermittent preventive treatment of infants (IPTi) and intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp) will most likely reduce substantially SP selection pressure and the SP resistance alleles alike.	Plasmodium falciparum infection; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probing; Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine resistance	chloroquine; pyrimethamine; sulfadoxine; adult; allele; article; child; controlled study; dhfr gene; DHPS gene; female; gene; genetic analysis; genotype; haplotype; health care policy; health survey; human; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Antimalarials; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dihydropteroate Synthase; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Female; Genetic Variation; Haplotypes; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Middle Aged; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Plasmodium falciparum; Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrimethamine; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfadoxine; Tanzania; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858685782	Impact of directly observed sputum collection on sputum culture contamination rates	Muzanyi G., Angel M., Nakamate T., Ogwang S., Nyole S.	2012	African Health Sciences	11	4	None	Uganda-Case Western reserve university research collaboration, Uganda; Joint Clinical research center, Kampala, Uganda; National TB and leprosy control programme clinic, Mulago hospital, Uganda	Muzanyi, G., Uganda-Case Western reserve university research collaboration, Uganda; Angel, M., Uganda-Case Western reserve university research collaboration, Uganda; Nakamate, T., Uganda-Case Western reserve university research collaboration, Uganda; Ogwang, S., Joint Clinical research center, Kampala, Uganda; Nyole, S., National TB and leprosy control programme clinic, Mulago hospital, Uganda	[No abstract available]	None	article; controlled study; disinfection; human; laboratory test; major clinical study; microbial contamination; participant observation; patient education; sputum analysis; sputum culture; Equipment Contamination; Humans; Specimen Handling; Sputum; Tuberculosis	None
WoS	WOS:000208592600005	Impact of male circumcision on HIV risk compensation through the impediment of condom use in Botswana	Ayiga, N.,Letamo, G.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	4	None	University of Botswana, Populat Training & Res Unit	"Letamo, G.: University of Botswana",	Background: Male circumcision has been recommended as a method of reducing the risk of transmitting HIV. However, widespread uptake of male circumcision may lead to HIV risk compensation by impeding condom use. Objective: To investigate the impact of male circumcision on condom use. Methods: The study used cross-sectional data from the Botswana AIDS Impact Survey III on 1,257 men aged 15 years or older who were sexually active. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square statistic and binary logistic regression. Results: The study found that 15% of circumcised men did not use condoms compared to 12% of uncircumcised men, and circumcision was not significantly associated with condom use. Non-use of condoms was significantly affected by religious beliefs, low level of education, marriage, drunkenness, and misconceptions regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions: We conclude that male circumcision does not impede condom use. Condom use is impeded by low level of education, marriage, drunkenness, and misconceptions regarding ART. We recommend the emphasis of consistent condom use targeting people with low education, those in marriage, users of alcohol, and people receiving ART.	BOTSWANA,"CONDOM USE","MALE CIRCUMCISION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860830558	Embracing the mobile phone technology: Its social and linguistic impact with special reference to Zimbabwean Ndebele	Nkomo D., Khumalo L.	2012	African Identities	10	2	10.1080/14725843.2012.657832	School of Languages, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Linguistics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Nkomo, D., School of Languages, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Khumalo, L., Department of Linguistics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Mobile phone technology has revolutionised the art of communication across all societies. Access to this form of communication has made personal contact much easier than before, with mobile phone networks in many countries now reaching rural areas where fixed telephones were rare. However, the popularity of mobile phones and mobile text messaging has come to evoke excessive hype and hysteria about the kinds of cultural, social and psychological impacts that the new technology is having. Central among these is the concern about the way that standard use of language and conventional linguistic and communicative practices are affected. The mobile phone presents one area of study in which language change is evident. This article highlights how the mobile phone has been embraced among the Ndebele speaking people of Zimbabwe by discussing, among other things, the SMS language, turn-taking in telephone conversation and naming around the mobile phone. Having done that, it argues that the gadget is not solely responsible for all the undesirable linguistic and communicative developments mainly because mobile phone users are at times able to control technology. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	communication; culture; mobile phone; Ndebele language; SMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953466525	Evaluation of the inhibitory potentials of eight higher Nigerian fungi against pathogenic microorganisms	Jonathan S.G., Kigigha L.T., Ohimain E.	2008	African Journal Biomedical Research	11	2	None	Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria	Jonathan, S.G., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Kigigha, L.T., Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Ohimain, E., Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria	Studies were carried out to determine antimicrobial potentials of crude and purified methanol extracts of some selected Nigerian mushrooms against some selected pathogenic microorganisms. The best in vitro antibacterial activity (24.0mm) was observed with the purified extract (PRE) of Polyporus giganteus against E. coli. This was followed in order by PRE of Pleurotus florida against K. pneumoniae with 22.0mm (P ≤ 0.05). Among the screened higher fungi, only the extracts of Pleurotus tuber-regium, were able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. It was also observed that antifungal activities of these mushrooms were generally low. Candida albicans were inhibited by the extracts of P. giganteus and T. robustus only while other fungi produce no zone of inhibition The observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. jodocodo against E. coli was 2.75mg/ml while that of T. robustus against M. bourlardii was 15.75mg/ml. The significance of these observations was discussed. © Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group.	Antimicrobial; Disease; Edible fungi; Extraction; Microorganisms	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; Fomes lignosus extract; Marasmius jodocodo extract; plant extract; Pleurotus florida extract; Pleurotus tuber regium extract; Polyporus giganteus extract; Psathyrella atroumbonata extract; Termitomyces microcarpus extract; Termitomyces robustus extract; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; bacterial growth; Candida albicans; controlled study; edible mushroom; Escherichia coli; Fomes lignosus; growth inhibition; in vitro study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Marasmius jodocodo; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Pleurotus; Pleurotus florida; Pleurotus tuber regium; Polyporus giganteus; Psathyrella atroumbonata; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Termitomyces microcarpus; Termitomyces robustus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350304334	Pharmacological evaluation of oral hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects of fresh leaves ethanol extract of Morinda Lucida benth. in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats	Adeneye A.A., Agbaje E.O.	2008	African Journal Biomedical Research	11	1	None	Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Adeneye, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Agbaje, E.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	In the present study, 50 - 400 mg/kg of body weight/day of 50% ethanol extract of the fresh leaves of Morinda lucida Benth. (MLE) was investigated for its hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in adult normal and alloxaninduced diabetic male rats for 7 days. Acute oral toxicity study of MLE at the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight using Up-and-Down Procedure on statistical program, AOT425Pgm, was also conducted. Results showed that MLE significantly (p<0.05) lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats in dose related fashion, and its effect was higher (p<0.001) than that of tolbutamide (Tolb.). Results suggest that MLE could be mediating its hypoglycemic effect via enhanced peripheral glucose utilization. Also, acute oral toxicity result showed MLE to be nonlethal at 2000 mg/kg of body weight. These results suggest that MLE could be relatively safe on acute exposure when administered to suspected diabetic patients. © Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group.	Fresh leaf methanol extract; Hypoglycemia; Morinda lucida Benth.; Normal and Alloxan-induced diabetic rats	Morinda lucida extract; oral antidiabetic agent; plant extract; tolbutamide; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug safety; glucose blood level; glucose utilization; hypoglycemia; male; Morinda; morinda lucida; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955022557	Assessment of village chicken production system and evaluation of the productive and reproductive performance of local chicken ecotype in bure district, North West Ethiopia	Moges F., Mellesse A., Dessie T.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	13	None	Andassa Livestock Research Center, P. O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Moges, F., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P. O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mellesse, A., Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A survey was conducted in Bure district, North West Ethiopia, from 2007 to 2008 to assess the existing village chicken production system. A participatory rural appraisal and a formal survey were used to collect all the relevant data, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Seven farmer administrative kebeles (two from high land, three from mid altitude and two from low land agro-ecologies) and a total of 280 village chicken owner households were considered for the study. The result revealed that the dominant (83%) chicken production system was an extensive/traditional type of production, using a majority (97%) of local chicken ecotypes, managed mainly on scavenging with seasonal supplementation of home grown grains and household food leftovers. The purposes of chicken production were sale for income (51.4%), egg hatching for replacement (45%), consumption (44.3%), use of birds for cultural and/or religious ceremonies (36.4%) and egg production (40.7%). The average flock size per household was 13 (ranged 1 - 57), with a hen to cock ratio of 3.7:1. Only 22.1% of chicken owners prepared a separate overnight house for birds and the rest (77.9%) kept birds in various night sheltering places. The result revealed that 97.5% of interviewed chicken owners experienced chicken disease problems, mainly Newcastle disease (98.2%). The result indicated that 95% of village chicken owners used only traditional means to treat sick birds. The average age of cockerels at first mating and pullets at first egg were 24.6 weeks and 27.5 weeks, respectively. The average number of eggs laid/clutch was 16 (ranged 8 - 28) and the number of total clutch periods/hen/year was 4 (ranged 2 - 6). The annual egg production performance of local hens, under farmer's management condition, was 60 eggs/hen (ranged 24 -112). The average number of eggs incubated/hen was 13 and 11 chicks, on average, were hatched from them. The average hatchability performance of local hens was 81.7%. However, survivability of young chicks was only 60.5% (ranged 0 -100%). High hatchability performance of local hens (81.7%) and high mortality of young chicks (39.5%) were the two contradictory features for the existing village chicken production system of the district. Seasonal diseases outbreaks (84.3%) and predation (11.4%) were the major causes of chicken loss in the district. Women were the major responsible members of the household involved in various chicken husbandry activities like cleaning bird's house (38.6%), feeding birds (81.7%), selling birds (83%) and selling eggs (54.6%). Only 37.5% of interviewed chicken owners got appropriate extension services related to modern chicken management practices. The result of the study revealed that there is a great interest to boost up the existing village chicken production and productivity. This should be considered as an opportunity and potential to design and implement interventions, aimed at improving production and productivity of village chicken in the district. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Ethiopia; Local chicken ecotypes; Village chicken production system	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951687163	Germplasm evaluation and enhancement for the development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp dual-purpose F2 genotypes	Moalafi A.I., Asiwe J.A.N., Funnah S.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Moalafi, A.I., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Asiwe, J.A.N., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Funnah, S.M., Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Cowpea is an important grain legume as well as fodder crop, especially in the dry regions of South Africa. The production of this crop has been below average because of low genetic variation and cultivation of poor-yielding varieties which have not been improved. The potentials of cowpea F2 generation arising from crosses made from 55 exotic parental lines, introduced into South Africa were determined. F1 lines derived from the crosses were advanced to F2 lines in the glass-house, and the segregating F2 families were further evaluated in the field with their parental lines. The following data were collected from the progeny: number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weights, fodder yield, grain yield and harvest index. Results showed that F2 lines exhibited significant differences on all the parameters studied thus indicating the presence of genetic variability among the segregating progeny. Number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weight and harvest index showed higher significant differences. The F2 lines obtained a significant increase in number of pods per plant as compared to their parents, thus indicating the potentials of progeny for higher pod production. Harvest index for F2 lines varied between 0.16 and 0.60 (dual-purpose type), and are mostly medium cowpea types with dual purpose characteristics for producing grain for human consumption and fodder for livestock. These parameters should therefore receive highest priority in developing high yielding dual-purpose varieties. There are several promising F2 progenies which performed exceedingly well over the parents, so further screening is essential until their full potential is attained. © 2010 Academic Journals.	100 seed-weights; Dual-purpose; Germplasm; Harvest index; Segregating population; Vigna unguiculata	Animalia; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952657042	Farmer evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer application to annual legumes in Chisepo, central Malawi	Kamanga B.C.G., Whitbread A., Wall P., Waddington S.R., Almekinders C., Giller K.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	8	None	Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, P. M. B. 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Social Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands; Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands	Kamanga, B.C.G., Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi; Whitbread, A., CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, P. M. B. 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; Wall, P., CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Waddington, S.R., CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Almekinders, C., Department of Social Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands	Building from the perception that farmers have an intimate knowledge of their local environment, production problems, crop priorities and criteria for evaluation, an on-farm experiment was conducted with farmers in 2003/4 in Chisepo, central Malawi, to evaluate the response of six annual legumes to phosphorus (P) (20 kg P ha-1 or no P fertilizer) application. The legumes were velvet bean, pigeonpea, soyabean, groundnut, bunch-type cowpea and Bambara groundnut. Twelve farmers hosted the experiments and each farmer formed a group of at least 4 other farmers to evaluate the legumes. Farmer participatory monitoring and evaluation of the legume and P combinations was conducted during the experiment to determine farmer preferences and acceptance of the technology. Measured grain yields, returns to labour and total costs of the P-fertilized legumes were compared with those for the unfertilized legumes. The application of P fertilizer significantly (P = 0.05) increased legume grain yields, particularly with velvet bean, and soyabean. However, use of P was not financially attractive and farmers were not interested to use P at the time. Farmers were more interested to maximize legume food production from their labour investment. Soyabean, groundnut and pigeonpea, grain legumes with high value as food, were considered to be priority crops by farmers over velvet bean, cowpea and Bambara groundnut. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Farmer participation; Financial analysis; Grain legume; Monitoring and evaluation; Phosphorus; Soil fertility	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Cajanus cajan; Glycine max; Mucuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650143643	Impact of climate variability on tomato production in Limpopo province, South Africa	Tshiala M.F., Olwoch J.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	21	None	Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Tshiala, M.F., Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Olwoch, J.M., Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The relationship between tomato production, monthly average temperature and seasonal average temperature in Limpopo province, South Africa during the period of 1971 - 2006 were investigated using statistical regression analysis methods. The motivation for selecting Limpopo in this study lies in the 66% tomato contribution to the tomato industry in South Africa. The results showed yearly peak values of tomato in the range of 200 000 - 228 000 tons from year 2000 to 2006. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of tomato records in Limpopo with climatic variables in order to assess the climate change effects of tomato production and food security in South Africa. Our results show that tomato yield increased by a factor of two from 1971 to 2006. Particularly, during autumn, spring, summer and winter, tomato yield increased by a factor of two respectively. It is noteworthy that the majority of months registered positive trends in tomato production, except February and June. These could be attributed to the application of robust farming practices and improved technology over the same period. However, from the trend analysis, results demonstrate that there are possible negative impacts of climate change on crop yield, especially on farmers without advanced technology and good modern agricultural practices. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Climate change; Climate variability; Limpopo; South Africa; Temperature; Tomato production	Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054008736	Evaluation of some robusta coffee (Coffea canephora pierre ex a. Froehner) clones for optimal density planting in Ghana	Anim-Kwapong G.J., Anim-Kwapong E., Oppong F.K.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	1	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Anim-Kwapong, G.J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Anim-Kwapong, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Oppong, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Increasing productivity is a main objective in Robusta coffee improvement in Ghana. A field trial was established in 1998 to evaluate the potential of ten Robusta coffee clones for optimal density planting, at the experimental field of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana sub-station, Afosu. The clones were evaluated at three planting densities (1667, 2222 and 2667 trees ha -1) in a split plot design with three replicates, for yield and five vegetative traits namely: stem diameter, crown diameter, orthotropic internodes length, plagiotropic internodes length and number of bearing nodes per plagiotropic branch. Highly significant (P &lt; 0.00) interaction effects were observed for all parameters measured. The highest yields (averaging 1289.5 kg ha -1 year -1) were obtained from the highest planting density with clones 197, A129, B191, 181, and A115. These clones also had a relatively compact growth habit (smaller stem diameter and shorter plagiotropic and orthotropic internode lengths) compared to the other five clones (E152, B96, E138, E139 and B36). The findings suggest that productivity increases in Robusta coffee could be achieved through the use of planting materials which combine compact growth habit and high harvest potential in close spacing planting scheme. © 2010 Academic Journals.	High density planting; Robusta coffee clones; Vegetative vigour; Yield potential	Coffea canephora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052923002	Impact of pesticides use on heavy metals pollution in cocoa soils of cross-river state, Nigeria	Ogunlade M.O., Agbeniyi S.O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	16	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria	Ogunlade, M.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria; Agbeniyi, S.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria	The high incidence of phytophthora pod rot and mirids resulting from high rainfall and relative humidity in cocoa producing areas of Nigeria necessitated the use of fungicides and other pesticides on cocoa. This is causing increased worldwide concern about heavy metal contamination of the soil environment and cocoa beans. Thus the objective of this study is to evaluate the status of some heavy metals in selected cocoa farms in Ikom, Etung and Boki local government areas of Cross River State-the highest cocoa producing state in eastern Nigeria, where farmers use a lot of pesticides to combat pests and diseases. The results indicated that the soil contents of the heavy metals were in the order (Cr > Pb > Co > Ni > Se > Cd > As) in the selected farms evaluated in the three local government areas. The values ranged between 0.88 and 1.33 mg/kg for chromium and between 0.59 and 0.86 mg/kg for lead. The soil contents of the heavy metals in the adjacent forest were similar to that obtained in the cocoa farms. The values of chromium ranged between 1.01 and 1.02 mg/kg soil while that of lead ranged between 0.5 and 0.74 mg/kg soil in adjacent forest. This suggests that heavy metal contents of the soils in the cocoa farms evaluated were not primarily due to chemicals being sprayed but probably naturally occurring. Their concentrations were also below the optimum limit allowed in the soil. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cocoa plantation; Cocoa soils; Cross river state; Heavy metals; Lead	Miridae; Phytophthora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052868978	Growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of dietary pigeon pea seed meal	Okah U., Ibeawuchi J.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	11	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Okah, U., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, J.A., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pigeon pea seed meal on the growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Four diets were formulated to contain pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, representing diets A, B, C, and D, respectively. Twelve weaned rams averaging 8.57 kg body weight and aged 7-8 months were used in the study. The rams were divided into 4 groups of 3 rams housed singly in pens, and each group assigned to one of the four diets for 8 weeks in a completely randomized design experiment. Data collected included, average daily weight gain (g), daily dry matter intake (g) and feed conversation ratio (g feed /g grain) calculated. Haematological and biochemical characteristics were also evaluated. Average daily weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) better in diet A and C than diet D, but diets A, B and C were similar (P>0.05). Feed conservation ratio differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups, with diet C recording better conversion ratio than diets A and D, respectively. The PSM diets generally promoted lower PCV and higher WBC values in sheep. Neutrophil and lymphocytes were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the PSM. While neutrophil increased with increasing level of PSM, the converse was true about lymphocytesood glucose, and urea in the animals were also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by PSM, which followed the same pattern as the nuetrophil and lymphocytes respectively. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (SGGTP) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (SGGT) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep fed on control diet A than in those fed on either diet C or D. Serum creatinine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep fed on control diet than in those on the PSM diets. The results of this study indicated that processed pigeon pea seed could be used as a plant protein resource for sheep, but may not be included beyond 20% for optimum performance and physiological welfare of the animal.	Pigeon pea; Sheep; Weaner rams diet; West african dwarf	Animalia; Cajanus cajan; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956319956	Evaluation of resistance in wheat germplasm to the aphids, Sitobion avenae based on Technique for order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) TOPSIS and cluster methods	Wang C.-P., Chen Q., Luo K., Zhao H.-Y., Zhang G.-S., Tlali R.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	6	None	College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Wang, C.-P., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Chen, Q., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Luo, K., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhao, H.-Y., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhang, G.-S., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Tlali, R., Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Sitobion avenae is the dominant and destructive pest in wheat production regions in China. Therefore, breeders developed new and high resistant varieties to ensure stable yields. In this paper, thirteen comprehensive agronomic characteristics of twenty-two wheat germplasm resources were investigated, and the data for the resources collected in the latest two years were treated with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS method) and cluster analysis. The priority order of alternatives ranks obtained from the TOPSIS method and aphid index analysis is the same. The order of alternatives ranks is as follows: Yumai70>Amigo>186Tm>Xiaoyan22>PI>Donghan1>98-10-35>...>Datang991>Qianjinzao. It was also found that the examined 22 wheat germplasm resources could be agglomerated into four clusters. Five good germplasm, namely 186Tm, Yumai70, AMIGO, Xiaoyan22, 98-10-35, could be used directly or as parents for breeding wheat varieties for resistance to S. avenae. Furthermore, the results showed TOPSIS analysis and cluster analysis are highly consistent with each other. But TOPSIS method is the best comprehensive method for the evaluation of resistance in wheat breeding to the aphids. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Agronomic characteristic; Cluster analysis; Germplasm resources; Sitobion avenae; Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method; Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	Aphididae; Sitobion avenae; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78449281971	Effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)	Ibrahim U., Auwalu B.M., Udom G.N.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	18	None	Crop Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Agronomy Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Ibrahim, U., Crop Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Auwalu, B.M., Agronomy Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; Udom, G.N., Department of Agronomy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 on the experimental farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria to determine the effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The treatment consisted of factorial combination of three growth stages (vegetative, flowering and podding) and five defoliation intensity (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100). Artificial defoliation was carried out at each of the stages at different intensities. Defoliation for vegetative, flowering and podding were carried out at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after sowing respectively. Cowpea defoliated at the early stages just prior to podding significantly (p < 0.05) reduced both growth and developmental characters. Also, the yield and yield components were significantly reduced by early defoliation. The intensity of defoliation significantly affected the growth and development of cowpea and the yield loss increased as the percentage of defoliation was higher. The interaction between stage and intensity of defoliation was significant for pod yield and shows that defoliating up to 50% at vegetative and flowering stages was detrimental to yield of vegetable cowpea. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Defoliation intensity; Developmental characters; Vegetable cowpea; Vegetative characters; Yield component	Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650406475	Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max(L) Merrill] genotypes for adaptability to a southern Guinea savanna environment with and without P fertilizer application in north central Nigeria	Aduloju M.O., Mahamood J., Abayomi Y.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	6	None	Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria	Aduloju, M.O., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Mahamood, J., Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation is essential to ascertain the superiority of the newly developed genotypes over the established cultivars in terms of yield and adaptation to an ecology. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate some of the recently developed soybean genotypes with and without P fertilizer application for adaptability to southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in significantly higher growth and grain yield parameters compared to no P application. Grain yield was consistently significantly higher for TGX 1448-2E than for other genotypes including the established cultivar, TGX 923-2E over the two cropping seasons. Significant year x genotype effect indicated that grain yields were significantly different between the two cropping seasons for TGX 1830-20E, TGX 1740-2F and TGX 1871-12E in 2004, while there was no significant variation for grain yield for TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869- 31E for the two years. This suggests stable grain yields in the latter genotypes and hence good adaptability, while the former ones showed unstable productivity under adverse soil moisture condition resulting from lower rainfall in 2003, and thus were deemed unsuitable for the southern Guinea savanna ecology which is highly prone to drought conditions. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor influencing grain yield in this study. In conclusion, TGX 1448-2E was the genotype best adapted genotype to the southern Guinea savanna ecology and thus it can successfully replace TGX 923-2E the existing cultivar. Nevertheless, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869-31E are promising as drought tolerant genotypes. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Adaptability; New soybean genotype; P fertilizer application; Southern Guinea savanna ecology	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952876784	Effects of feed restriction on production and reproductive performance of Rhode Island red pullets	Tesfaye E., Tamir B., Haile A., Dessie T.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	7	None	Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tesfaye, E., Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Tamir, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Haile, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study examined the effect of skip a-day feed restriction on Rhode Island red chicken and evaluated the effect in relation to age, body weight, egg quality, weight of reproductive tract and liver at the onset of egg laying. Two hundred 40 day-old chicks with mean body weight of 48.92 ± 1.53 g were randomly distributed to 12 pens each with 20 chicks, representing 4 feeding regimen of T1 (unrestricted, control), T2 (restricted at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age), T3 (restricted at 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of age) and T4 (restricted at 63, 70, 77 and 84 days of age). Feed restriction was based on skipping a-day once in a week and the next day's feed offer was based on the previous day's feed intake. The average day to lay first egg was significantly longer (P < 0.05) for T3 treatment groups compared with the others. The values were 140.8 ± 0.8, 140.17 ± 2.5, 147 ± 2.2 and 143.83 ± 2.3 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. There was also highly significant (P < 0.01) difference in body weight (1305 ± 13.2, 1374.3 ± 23.2, 1352 ± 23.5 and 1429.23 ± 44.5 g for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively) and the values were higher for birds restricted at later age of growth. Egg weight at the onset of egg lay for the respective treatments were 42.68 ± 0.72, 42.43 ± 1.91, 47.9 ± 0.87 and 41.88 ± 0.77 g. Pullets of T4 group had significantly (P < 0.01) heavier uterus weight and longer length in absolute term than the control. Except for yolk diameter and shell thickness (P < 0.05), the egg quality parameters considered were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the treatment groups. The result revealed the conclusion that feed restriction by skip a-day feeding system at T3 resulted in higher egg weight and can be considered as the optimum age for pullet rearing. Additionally, feed restriction at T4 could also be recommended due to heavier uterus weight and longer length in absolute term as these attributes indicate good consistency for the subsequent egg production. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Body weight; Egg quality; Feed restriction; Onset of egg laying; Skip a-day	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952153546	Design, fabrication and performance of a motorized cowpea thresher for Nigerian small-scale farmers	Irtwange S.V.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Based on the results of measurements of moisture content of grains, cowpea grain and pod sizes, grain-pod ratio, angle of friction of grains and some information from literature, a motorized cowpea thresher using a star-shaped beater to which beater belts were attached was designed and locally built. Five varieties of cowpea, K59, Ife-Brown, IT84E-124, Ife-Bimpe and TVX 715 which are fairly representative of the most popular varieties in Nigeria were selected for the measurement of design parameters. The statistical design used in studying the effect of variety on length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, pod weight and grain-pod ratio with 30 replications, moisture content with 3 replications and angle of friction with 5 replications was complete randomized design (CRD). The moisture content for the grain varieties ranged from 11.06 to 12.02% w.b while the size and shape measurement parameters namely; length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter and sphericity ranged from 8.22 to 10mm, 6.04 to 6.83 mm, 4.36 to 5.38 mm, 6.00 to 7.09 mm and 0.71 to 0.79 respectively for grains. For the pods, the length, width and thickness ranged from 124.78 to 194.93 mm, 7.28 to 9.15 mm and 5.27 to 7.86 mm respectively. The pod weight and grain-pod ratios ranged from 1.96 to 3.39 and 0.75 to 0.86 respectively for all the varieties tested while the angle of friction of grains on mild steel ranged from 23.6° to 26.6°. The results of the study as indicated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that there is highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) of variety on all the grains and pods measurement parameters except angle of friction where non-significance was observed. Skewness and kurtosis analysis indicates that the frequency distribution curves for grains and pods measurement parameters generally approximated those of the normal distribution. Based on the optimum machine parameters, the machine throughput was determined to be 101.19, 110.86, 74.33, 75.81 and 102.09 kg grains/hour for K59, Ife-Brown, IT84E-124, Ife-Bimpe and TVX 715 respectively. Preliminary performance evaluation tests carried out on the fabricated thresher using IT84E-124 as the test material at recommended beater and fan speeds of 500 rpm and 1400 rpm respectively indicated average threshing efficiency of 96.29%, percentage damage of 3.55% and percentage threshed and undamaged grains of 92.74%. A cleaning efficiency and loss of 95.60 and 3.71% respectively was observed indicating that with the use of a star-shaped beater, drudgery and cost can be reduced to a minimum and yet achieving good quality products. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Design; Fabrication; Performance evaluation; Thresher	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84055217785	Performance evaluation of manual cowpea thresher	Maunde F.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	30	10.5897/AJAR11.940	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria	Maunde, F.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria	Manual cowpea thresher was previously designed and constructed. Its performance evaluation is now reported. Performance test was replicated five times and averages of each trial were taken (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250) kg of two cowpea varieties: indigenous brown (Variety A) and IT97K-499- (SAMPEA -10) white (Variety B). Parameters considered were: Threshing efficiency (Te), Seed damage (Sd) and Mechanical efficiency (Me). The results show that Te, Sd and Me were (91, 6 and 44%), respectively. Issues on cowpea threshing and its improvement were discussed. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Manual; Performance; Threshing; Varieties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649273046	Impact of Fadama II project on income of tomato farmers in Niger State, Nigeria	Tanko L., Jirgi A.J., Ogundeji A.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	15	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Tanko, L., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Jirgi, A.J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Ogundeji, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This study was designed to quantitatively determine the impact of Fadama II Project on the farm income of tomato producers by utilizing primary data from tomato farmers in Bosso and Mokwa Local Government Areas of Niger State for the year 2009. Production function analysis and Chow's analysis of covariance confirmed significant differences in production functions, heterogeneity in slopes and intercepts and factor bias was observed on the production functions of participating and non- participating farmers respectively. The project exerted a positive significant impact on the incomes of the farmers. The study recommends improvement in irrigation performance, introduction of improved varieties of tomato, strengthening relevant research and extension as well as formation of organized farmer associations. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Fadama II Project; Non-participating farmers; Participating farmers; Tomato	Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956003660	Impacts of Zimbabwe European union micro-project programme (ZIM/EU MPP) in funding smallholder irrigation projects on food security and income levels: A case study of Mopane irrigation scheme in Zvishavane, Midlands province, Zimbabwe	Nhundu K., Gwata C., Mushunje A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	14	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P. O. Box X1314, South Africa	Nhundu, K., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Gwata, C., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mushunje, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P. O. Box X1314, South Africa	At least 70% of smallholders live in the semi-arid regions IV and V where rainfall is erratic and soils in these regions are derived from granite and generally shallow, light textured and of low fertility. As a result, farmers cannot produce adequate grain to meet their annual household requirements by dry land farming. The Zimbabwe/EU Micro-projects Programme has funded smallholder irrigation projects since 1982 to improve the food security in these marginal areas. In an effort to assess the impacts of the ZIM/EU MPP funded irrigation schemes and justify further investments in smallholder irrigation projects, a case study based on a comparative analysis between irrigators and non-irrigators was done at Mopane Irrigation Scheme. Preliminary results indicated irrigators were more food secure than non-irrigators. Using the Gross Margin Analysis, irrigators were found to be better performers with increased incomes than non-irrigators. A regression analysis to examine factors affecting food security level revealed that household size, off-farm income, draught power to be significant at the 5% confidence interval. The study concluded that irrigators were more food secure and better performers than non-irrigators. The ZIM/EU MPP should continue to invest more resources in smallholder irrigation schemes. The study recommends that governments, public and private institutions and non-governmental organisations are recommended to work together defining and implementing comprehensive strategies for smallholder irrigation development, especially in the smallholder communal areas so as to ensure increased food security, income and employment to the rural population. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Food security; Household; Income; Irrigators; Non-irrigators; Smallholder; ZIM/EU MPP	Colophospermum mopane	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051567838	The farm decision role of price information from commodity exchanges: An ex-ante evaluation using quasi-rational price expectations in Ethiopia	Getnet K., Verbeke W., D'Haese M., Viaene J., D'Haese L.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	15	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia; Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Getnet, K., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia; Verbeke, W., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Haese, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Viaene, J., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Haese, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Farmers use different information to predict future returns upon which they base current decisions. In designing information systems, knowledge about the information set used by farmers is relevant to have insight into the necessary information that should be made available for farmers. Using quasirational forecasting regression analysis to represent producer price expectation formation, the usefulness of disseminating real time information about the central wholesale prices discovered by the Ethiopian commodity exchange was tested. The results showed that the information about central wholesale prices can help farmers to make unbiased price forecasts. Effective dissemination of real time price information discovered through the Ethiopian commodity exchange was fully supported by the empirical insights from this study. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Ethiopia; Market information; Prices; Quasi-rational expectation; Smallholders	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053082704	The impact of land transfers in the different agricultural sectors of the North West Province	Cloete P.C., van Schalkwyk H.D., Idsardi E.F.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	19	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa	Cloete, P.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; van Schalkwyk, H.D., North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa; Idsardi, E.F., North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa	Imbalances and inefficiency fostered by the policies of the previous South African government necessitate changes to reduce the imbalance of the past and enhance the inclusiveness and competitiveness of the agricultural industry. Against this background, the policy of land reform was initiated. In theory, the agricultural land reform policy might appear effective; given that agriculture is a major contributor to rural economic growth and development. Broadening the economic activities of previous disadvantaged individuals through the acquisition and cultivation of land will help to rebuild and strengthen the rural communities. However, the outcomes of this policy has to date not seen the desired results regarding rural economic development and poverty reduction. Many of the foreseen positive aspects of the land reform policy are also contributors to the potentially negative outcomes of the policy. This makes this specific policy controversial and subject of heated debate. Transfers of land in the various agricultural sectors will impact differently on social-and economic factors. Unless a proper understanding of the impact of transferring land in the different agricultural sectors is established, the controversy around the potential impact of land reform will continue. To obtain a better understanding of this impact, the study employed a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based partial equilibrium model. Results from the model revealed that the negative impact of the land reform policy largely overshadows the positive effects. Moreover, transfers within the larger agricultural sub-sectors will result in more significant social and economic impacts. Thus, the implementation of the agricultural land reform policy needs to be radical and calculative; otherwise it will result in false expectations, hardship and poverty. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Economic and social impacts; Land reform; Partial equilibrium model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954921215	The impact of trade liberalisation on South African agricultural productivity	Teweldemedhin M.Y., van Schalkwyk H.D.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	12	None	Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia; North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Teweldemedhin, M.Y., Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia; van Schalkwyk, H.D., North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	This study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between trade and Total Factor Producitvity (TFP) in the agricultural sector using both cross-sectional (across nine agricultural commodities) and time-series analysis. The Error Correction Model of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) results from the cross-sectional analysis confirm that export shares and capital formation were significant and postivly related; whereas, import shares and real exchange rate were found to be negatively related. However, the net effect of export and import shares was positive implies that trade liberalisation causes productivity gains, The findings from the time-series analysis followed in the same direction as the cross-sectional results, indicating a robust relationship between a TFP, degree of openness, and capital formation. Debt was found to be inversely related, this implies that agricultural industries/farmers lack debt management skills. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Ordinary least square (OLS); Total factor producitvity (TFP); Trade liberalisation or degree of openness and capital formation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951678075	Comparative performance of direct seeding and transplanting green maize under farmer management in small scale irrigation: A case study of Zanyokwe, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Fanadzo M., Chiduza C., Mnkeni P.N.S.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Fanadzo, M., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Chiduza, C., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	An on-farm experiment was conducted at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme (ZIS) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (SA) to evaluate comparative performance of direct seeded and transplanted green maize under farmer management. Results indicated that the mean labour requirements for establishment were 212 h ha-1 with transplanting and 1.9 h ha-1 with direct seeding. Crop stand significantly increased from 48 to 97% when maize was transplanted rather than directly seeded. Variable costs were R5 462 and R1 896 ha-1 for transplanted and directly seeded maize, respectively. The corresponding net benefits were R15 005 and R6 232 ha-1, respectively. All farmers were in favour of transplanting, citing bigger cobs, early maturity and the absence of bird damage with transplanted maize, and this was supported by results of statistical analysis. A follow-up survey conducted during the subsequent summer growing season indicated that of the six farmers, only one continued with transplanting. The results suggest that although transplanting might be a better alternative to direct seeding for the study area, the technology is unlikely to succeed unless the labour intensiveness of manual transplanting can be solved. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Adoption; Crop stand; Direct seeding; Economics; Farmer management; Green maize; Transplanting	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455236158	Evaluation of West African dwarf goat for some qualitative traits in Southwestern Nigeria	Adebayo J.O., Chineke C.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	28	10.5897/AJAR09.299	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, J.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Chineke, C.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Two hundred West African Dwarf (WAD) goats aged 1 to 6 years were examined during a ten months period, from October 2003 to July 2004 in randomly selected locations within Southwestern zone of Nigeria. Qualitative traits namely coat colour, polled trait, presence or absence of teat, wattle and beard were examined and described in all the experimental animals. Black colour observed in 54% of the animals predominated while brown and mixed colours accounted for 16 and 30% of all the animals respectively. All goats studied irrespective of sex were horned. The goats had a pair of teat each except eight goats with supernumerary teats. Possession of beard was common in all bucks observed, but 8.5% of the females had beard. About 36.5% of all the WAD goats examined possessed wattle. The phenotypic frequency of wattle and beard in WAD population was 0.37 and 0.21 respectively. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Frequencies; Management; Qualitative traits; West African dwarf (WAD) goat	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149295574	Response of broiler chickens in terms of performance and meat quality to garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation	Onibi G.E., Adebisi O.E., Fajemisin A.N., Adetunji A.V.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	5	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Onibi, G.E., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adebisi, O.E., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Fajemisin, A.N., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adetunji, A.V., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	A study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens using a total of 300 day old Shaver Starbo chicks allotted at 10 birds per replicate and 6 replicates per treatment over a period of 7 weeks. The basal starter and finisher diets contained 228.61 and 201.42 g/kg CP, respectively. The control diet was the basal diet without garlic supplementation. Diets 2 and 3 contained supplementary raw garlic powder at 500 and 5,000 mg/kg diet respectively, while diets 4 and 5 contained supplementary boiled garlic powder at 500 and 5,000 mg/kg diet respectively. 4 female birds per replicate were slaughtered at the end of the trial to evaluate carcass and muscle characteristics, garlic aroma and palatability scores of the meat and oxidative stability of refrigerated meat at 4°C for 6 days were determined. The average weight gain, average feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the birds were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed garlic supplemented diets had marginally higher weight gain than those fed the control diet and was higher at high level of garlic supplementation (39.18 ± 0.94, 40.42 ± 0.45, 42.39 ± 1.57, 39.72 ± 2.97 and 41.42 ± 2.60 g/bird/day for Diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively; P > 0.05). The carcass and organ characteristics of the chickens were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by dietary garlic supplementation but abdominal fat contents were numerically lowered due to supplementary garlic. Moisture contents of broiler chickens were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced. Garlic aroma (P < 0.001) and palatability (P > 0.05) scores increased with increasing level of dietary garlic supplementation. Thigh muscle had the highest score for garlic aroma (2.60 ± 1.30), followed by drumstick (2.57 ± 1.14) and lowest for breast muscle (2.50 ± 1.17) (P > 0.05). Oxidation susceptibility of meat, measured as concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased with increasing level of supplementary garlic fed to the chickens (P < 0.01). Muscle MDA concentration was in order of thigh > drumstick > breast (P < 0.001). It was concluded that supplementation of chicken diets with garlic marginally improved weight gain and it was better at high level of supplementation (5,000 mg/kg diet). Boiled compared with raw garlic powder produced no beneficial effect. Dietary garlic supplementation improved meat quality by increasing meat palatability score and reducing the extent of oxidation of meat during refrigerated storage. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Broilers; Garlic; Garlic aroma; Meat; Oxidative stability; Palatability; Performance	Allium sativum; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952122658	Effects of feed forms and feeding frequency on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings	Ajani F., Dawodu M.O., Bello-Olusoji O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nige	Ajani, F., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Dawodu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Bello-Olusoji, O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency and best feed form for the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight of 3.05± 0.25 g) were fed at 5% body weight using either floating or sinking pellets at different feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day or one meal a day) in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. The mean weight gain and daily feed intake of the fish were not affected significantly by the feed forms; however the fish fed with floating pellets had a slight higher weight gain than those fed with the sinking pellets. The weight gain and daily feed intake of fish fed floating or sinking pellets twice a day and thrice a day were significantly higher than that of the fish fed once in a day (p < 0.05). The feeding frequency did not have any effect on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed with sinking pellet but these variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected in the fish fed once in a day when compared with other feeding frequencies while using floating pellet. The feeding frequencies and feed forms had no significant effect on the protein content of the fish carcass. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the lipid content of fish as feeding frequency increases. It is therefore concluded that any of these fish feed forms can be fed at twice or thrice per day effectively for optimum result in the growth of C. gariepinus. © 2011 Academic Journals.	African catfish (Clarias gariepinus); Feed form; Feed frequency; Growth; Nutrient utilization	Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054895639	Evaluation of growth and body traits of snailets obtained from the crossbreeding of black skinned × white skinned snails (Archachatina marginata (S)) in the niger delta area of Nigeria	Ibom L.A., Okon B., Adinya I.B.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	21	None	Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	Ibom, L.A., Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Okon, B., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Adinya, I.B., Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	This study evaluated the growth and body traits of snailets or juveniles obtained from the hatching of eggs resulting from the crossbreeding of black skinned x white skinned snails. The indices used were body weight, shell length, shell width, 'mouth' length and 'mouth' width. The results showed that all measured traits expressed progressive increase from hatch to week four. However, the differences observed among the mating groups for these traits were not significantly different. The results also showed that the product of the crossing was a mixture of black and white skinned snailets. This further confirms the possibility of mating between the black and white skinned snails. Interested snail farmers are encouraged to rear both black and white skinned snails. ©2011 Academic Journals.	Crossbreeding; Economic traits; Growth; Niger delta; Snails	Archachatina marginata; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953326826	Evaluation of cactus pear fruit quality at Mara ADC, South Africa	Mokoboki K., Kgama T., Mmbi N.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	1	None	Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private bag x 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; Mara Research Station, Private bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa	Mokoboki, K., Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private bag x 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; Kgama, T., Mara Research Station, Private bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa; Mmbi, N., Mara Research Station, Private bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa	The present study was conducted to evaluate quality of different Cultivars of cactus pear traits in Mara Research Station. Seven Cultivars (Nepgen, R1251, Sharsheret, Cross X, Berg x Mexican, Santa Rosa, Morado) of cactus pear were planted in a completely randomized design. Orchard consisted of 10 plants per Cultivar planted in a single row. No irrigation supplementation was given and pruning, pad thinning were performed. Data on fruit quality traits were collected from two different years (2005 and 2006) and subjected to analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure of statistical analyses system (SAS). All Cultivars in the first year had peel thickness of less than 6.00 mm and in the second year more than 6.00 mm. All Cultivars in the year 2005 and 2006 except Berg x Mexican and Nepgen had the fruit mass of more than 120 g, recommended for international market. The mean fruit mass decreased from 143.4 g in the first year to 127.3 g in the second year. The decrease might be due to low rainfall and temperature. Due to a decrease in fruit length in the second year, fruit shape shifted from being elliptic to ovoid shape, however the equatorial diameter remained constant. Total soluble solids (TSS) content increased from 13.17 0Brix during the first year to 13.78 0Brix in the second year. It was then concluded that in each year, the fruit quality change as a function as the type of Cultivar. © 2009Academic Journals.	Cactus pear; Cultivars; Quality; South Africa	Cactaceae; Pyrus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049454307	Evaluation of yields of seven upland rice (Oryzae sativa) cultivars sown by three methods in Anyigba, Kogi state, Nigeria	Oyewole C.I., Ajayi O., Ojuekaiye R.O.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	16	None	Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, P. M. B. 1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria	Oyewole, C.I., Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, P. M. B. 1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O., Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, P. M. B. 1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Ojuekaiye, R.O., Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, P. M. B. 1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria	Yield is the characteristic by which a cultivar is commonly judge. A cultivar may be considered satisfactory only if it is able to produce a good yield in comparison to others at various times and in various situations. Trials were conducted in the rainy seasons of 2007 and 2008 at the Kogi State University Teaching and Research Farm (Longitude 07°061 N; 43°E), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria to investigate the response of seven cultivars of upland (NERICA 1-7) rice sown by three sowing methods: broadcasting, dibbling and drilling. Treatments consisted of three sowing methods (drilling at 20 cm apart, dibbling at 20 × 20 cm and even broadcasting of seeds) of seven NERICA varieties. Results of statistical analysis revealed that crop establishment responded significantly to sowing method and cultivar. Significant influence of cultivar was also observed on final plant height and paddy yield. Significant interactions (sowing method × cultivar) were observed on establishment count and paddy yield/ha. The combined results of both seasons show that NERICA 5 gave the highest paddy yield. However, considering the individual years, the most consistent cultivar was NERICA 6. Thus, it is recommended for the experimental area. © 2010 Academic Journals.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956493398	Organic based nutrient management strategies: Effect on soil nutrient availability and maize (Zea mays L.) performance in Njoro, Kenya	Lelei J.J., Onwonga R.N., Freyer B.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	2	None	Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Organic Farming, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	Lelei, J.J., Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Onwonga, R.N., Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Freyer, B., Division of Organic Farming, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	A field experiment based on the concept of organic nutrient management (ONM) was conducted in Njoro, Kenya to test the effect of improved legume fallows; crotalaria (CR), lablab (LB), garden pea (GP) and natural fallow (NF, as control) on available soil N and P, and maize performance. The experimental layout was a split plot in a randomized complete block design. The main plots were two cropping systems involving the improved legume fallows and NF preceding sole maize and maize bean (M/B) intercrop. The sub-plots were two residue management types; residue incorporation and residue removal with farm yard manure (FYM) incorporated in its place. Incorporation of LB, CR and GP residues resulted in higher concentrations of N and P in soil than NF residue and FYM incorporation in both cropping systems. Under sole maize, grain yield following LB was significantly higher (51, 28.2 and 52%) than after CR, GP and NF, respectively. In the M/B intercrop, maize grain yield following LB was significantly higher (38.5 and 28.5%) than after GP and NF with no significant differences in yields following CR and LB. Maize dry matter (DM) yields followed a similar trend. Overall, maize grain and DM yields were higher in sole maize cropping system than in M/B intercrop with an additional 0.5 - 0.6 kg ha-1 of bean grain yield obtained in the latter cropping system. The improved fallow legumes, with LB being superior, enhanced soil productivity and consequently higher yields of the succeeding crop. The ONM strategy tested is thus a feasible technology that could easily fit into the circumstances of the resource poor farmers within the region. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Biological nitrogen fixation; Farm yard manure; Improved legume fallow; Residue management	Crotalaria; Lablab; Pisum sativum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650085749	Nutritional evaluation of sunflower and sesame seed meal in clarias gariepinus: An assessment by growth performance and nutrient utilization	Fagbenro O.A., Adeparusi E.O., Jimoh W.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	22	None	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Fagbenro, O.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adeparusi, E.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Jimoh, W.A., Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the potential nutritive value of rawsunflower and Sesame seed meal as dietary replacement of soybean meal in practical diets of Clarias gariepinus. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous, (40% c.p). Raw sunflower and sesame seed meal were used to replace soybean meal at a rate of 15, 30 and 45% respectively. The performance of the fish diets was compared to fish fed soybean meal based control diets containing 40% crude protein. Each treatment had three replicates using 15 catfish fingerling per tank with mean initial body weight of 3.28 ± 0.15 g. There was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in protein productive value, feed intake; specific growth rate, % weight gain and crude protein deposition between fish fed control diets and fish fed RSF15, RSM15, RSF30, RSM30 diets. However, a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was recorded between fish fed control diets and fish fed diets RSF 45 and RSM 45 using the above indices. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Clarias gariepinus; Growth performance; Nutrient utilization; Sesame; Sunflower	Clarias gariepinus; Glycine max; Helianthus; Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650289535	Evaluation of fodder potential of some tropical browse plants using fistulated N'dama cattle	Ngodigha E.M., Oji U.I.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	3	None	Department of Fisheries and Livestock Production Technology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, P.M.B. 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcou	Ngodigha, E.M., Department of Fisheries and Livestock Production Technology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, P.M.B. 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Oji, U.I., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The fodder potential of edible foliage samples of six browse plants; Ficus exasperata, Dactyledania barteri, Manniophyton fulvum, Palisota hirsuta, Newbouldia laevis and Microdesmis puberula were determined by evaluating the rumen degradation characteristics [soluble fraction, potential degradation (PD), effective degradation (ED), degradable fraction, rate of degradation] at rumen outflow rates of 3, 4 and 5% h1 using fistulated N'dama cattle. Voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI), digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) and growth rate (GR) were predicted from the degradation characteristics. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), tannins and ash contents were also determined. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the degradation characteristics of the browse plants. F. exasperata significantly (p < 0.05) had more feed value than the other browse plants, chemical composition of the browses and their rumen degradation characteristics proved that the evaluated browse plants are excellent feed sources that could be utilized by ruminants for both maintenance and production.© 2009 Academic Journals.	Browse plants; Effective degradation; N'dama cattle; Potential degradation	Animalia; Bos; Bovidae; Dama; Ficus exasperata; Manniophyton fulvum; Microdesmis puberula; Newbouldia laevis; Palisota hirsuta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78449276319	Impact of reforestation in a part of degrading natural ecological system of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oriola E.O., Ifabiyi I.P., Hammed A.T.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	20	None	Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Park and Garden Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Oriola, E.O., Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ifabiyi, I.P., Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Hammed, A.T., Park and Garden Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This paper examines the response of soils in degraded land to reforestation in Ilorin region. A total of 16 soil samples were systematically collected from two quadrats of 25 × 25 m in each of reforested and deforested sites respectively. Standard laboratory techniques were used to test 8 soil fertility indices on each of the landscapes. Coefficient of variation was used to establish variability or otherwise within the data set. Student's 't' test was used to determine the significance of difference of the sample means of forested and deforested soil parameters. The result of the laboratory test revealed that vegetation cover affects the soil properties. Generally, the physical properties of the soil in this area are homogenous but variations exist in the chemical properties which fundamentally determine soil fertility. At the end, the conclusion was that fertility status of the soil increased under forest cover. It is therefore important for the government to provide adequate awareness and educate the people on reforestation of degraded land and land use and soil properties because they tend to affect each other. Government at local, state and federal levels should intensify effort on afforestation projects and replacement of trees when cut. Forest funding for afforestation has to shift from public to private to enhance community participation and their mobilization for forest conservation and sustainable forest resources and environmental development. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Afforestation; Deforestation; Soil fertility status; Soil properties; Trees	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950156137	Evaluation and potential of cocoyam as carbohydrate source in catfish, (Clarias gariepinus [Burchell, 1822]) juvenile diets	Zaid A.A., Sogbesan O.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	6	None	Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria; Deparment of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Zaid, A.A., Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria; Sogbesan, O.A., Deparment of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	The cost of feeding fish is about 60% of the total recurrent cost of fish farming, hence a need for non-conventional and cheaper ingredients to substitute the expensive ones. Seventy five juvenile of Clarias gariepinus mean weight 9.86 g were randomly stocked at 5 juveniles per tank of dimension 40 × 56 × 31 cm and fed five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing graded levels of cocoyam at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substituted for maize meal over a period of 70 days. The result of the experiment showed that diet 1 had the highest specific growth rate (SGR), 1.47%/day and diet 4 had the lowest of 0.89%/day. The best food conversion ratio (FCR), 1.81 was from diet 2 while the worst of 2.91 was from diet 4. Highest mean yield, net profit, benefit cost ratio and profit index of 26.58, 4.93, 1.23 and $16.11 respectively, were from diet 2 while the lowest of 22.91, 0.49, 1.02 and $9.47 were from diet 4. All indices considered were significantly different (p<0.05) between ≤50% cocoyam and ≥75% cocoyam treatments. The study showed that 25% replacement of cocoyam for maize is recommended for growth and economic benefit for sustainable aquaculture. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Clarias gariepinus; Cocoyam; Cost benefits; Feed utilization; Growth; Maize	Clarias gariepinus; Colocasia esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052844221	Assessment of the impact of kerosene and diesel on soil nitrogen mineralisation	Orji J.C., Uzoho B., Enwerem J.O., Ezurike W.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	11	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Orji, J.C., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Uzoho, B., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Enwerem, J.O., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ezurike, W., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Effects of different concentrations (1, 2 and 5% v/w) of diesel and kerosene on N mineralization were studied in a sandy loam soil. Relative to the untreated soil, higher ammonium-N levels were obtained in samples treated with all the concentrations of kerosene and diesel from the second and third weeks of incubation respectively while extents of nitrate-N production differed. Net N-mineralization was 17.211 mg mineral-N/kg soil in untreated soil and -11.753 mg mineral-N/kg soil and -26.562 mg mineral-N/kg soil respectively in soils treated with 5% kerosene and diesel after six weeks incubation. Net nitrification was 29.90 mg NO 3-N/kg soil in untreated soil and -9.35 mg NO 3-N/kg soil and -22. NO 3-N/kg soil respectively in soils treated with 5% kerosene and diesel after six weeks incubation. Overall mineralization rates were highest (13.01 mg N/kg soil per week) in untreated soil. Rates were lower in diesel than in kerosene treated soils. Inhibition of net N mineralisation ranged from of 139.31 to 168.29% and 90.41 to 254.34% after sixth week incubation for kerosene and diesel-treated soils respectively. The toxicity of diesel and kerosene treatment on nitrogen mineralization in the soil is due more to their effects on ammonium-N than on nitrate-N production. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Ammonium; Diesel and kerosene; Mineralisation; Nitrate; Nitrification	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651368161	Empirical determination of the motion resistance of pneumatic bicycle wheels for on and off-road performance	Akande F.B., Ahmad D., Jamarie O.B., Sulaiman S., Fashina A.B.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	23	None	Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Akande, F.B., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Ahmad, D., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Jamarie, O.B., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Sulaiman, S., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Fashina, A.B., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Four pneumatic bicycle wheels of diameters 405 mm (16'), 510 mm (20'), 610 mm (24') and 660 mm (26') were tested on three different test surfaces (paved surface, grass field and tilled (sandy-clay loam) soil at selected tyre inflation pressures of 276 kPa (40 psi), 337.5 kPa (50 psi) and 414 kPa (60 psi) with varied (added) dynamic loads of 98.1 N (10 kg), 196.2 N (20 kg), 392.4 N (40 kg) and 588.6 N(60 kg) respectively. The motion resistances of these wheels at various dynamic loads and the selected inflation pressures were compared, to identify the wheel with the lowest motion resistance. On all the test surfaces, the 660 mm diameter recorded the lowest motion resistance measured with an average of 16 out of the 36 total number of test outcomes. The 660 mm diameter wheel, if used, has the potential to increase the pull (draft) and can be used in the development of simple, easy to maintain and low-cost agricultural machines with narrow wheels; as traction member for the low-income farmers and the rural dwellers to boost their agricultural productivity. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Dynamic loads; Inflation pressure; Motion resistance; Narrow wheel; Pneumatic bicycle wheel; Test surfaces	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049474541	Performance, carcass analysis and sensory evaluation of cooked meat of snailets of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) fed pawpaw leaves, whole lettuce, lettuce waste and cabbage waste as sole feed ingredient	Omolara B.O., Olaleye A.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	17	None	Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry unit, Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 5351, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Omolara, B.O., Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry unit, Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B. 5351, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Olaleye, A.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	There is paucity of information on quality feedstuffs for snail production in Nigeria. One hundred and eighty snailets (Archachatina marginata) of an average weight of 3.55±1.10 g were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments of pawpaw leaves (PL), whole lettuce (WL), lettuce wastes (LW) and cabbage wastes (CW). Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 15 snailets per replicate in a completely randomized design. The diets were fed ad libitum for 20 weeks. The study investigated the performance, carcass analysis and sensory evaluation of cooked meat of the snailets fed the experimental diets. The body weight gain, feed intake, dressing percentage, shell length and shell thickness gain of snailets on WL, LW and CW were similar, higher and significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of snailets fed PL. The result of the sensory evaluation revealed that the dietary treatments had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the colour, taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability of the snail meat. On the whole, the study established that snailets of A. marginata could utilize lettuce waste as well as cabbage as sole feed ingredient to increase animal protein supply in Nigeria. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Carcass analysis; Feedstuffs; Performance; Sensory evaluation; Snailets	Animalia; Archachatina marginata; Asimina triloba; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Gastropoda; Lactuca; Stylommatophora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650297338	Hydrothermal effects on the performance of maize and cucumber intercrop in a tropical wet and dry climate in nigeria	Makinde A.A., Bello N.J., Olasantan F.O., Adebisi M.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	3	None	Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology,	Makinde, A.A., Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bello, N.J., Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olasantan, F.O., Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebisi, M.A., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Maize and cucumber were intercropped in a simple randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in two field trials in early and late planting seasons of 2004. The result showed that mean soil temperatures of 33 and 31°C at 5 and 10 cm respectively during late season could be said to have enhanced the productivity of cucumber yield by about 50% compared to early season with mean soil temperatures of 30 and 29°C at 5 and 10 cm below soil surface. The mean cucumber yield of 9 t/ha and 6.1 t/ha for mono and mixed crop respectively during early season trial was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the mean cucumber yield of 15.34 t/ha and 12.34 t/ha for late season. However, early season maize fresh cob weight (178.4 g/ha) and weight of seeds per cob (122.4 g/ha) were significantly higher than that recorded for late season with 152.2 g/ha and 64.1 g/ha respectively. This could be attributed to suitably high rainfall of 27.0 and 324.6 mm during establishment and vegetative phenological stages respectively during the early cropping season compared with corresponding values of 12.6 and 206.5 mm during late season trial. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Agro-meteorological; Hydrothermal; Precipitation	Cucumis sativus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650313261	Evaluation of ethanol plant extract for protection of cola nitida against kola weevils (Balanogastris kolae and Sophrorhinus spp) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage	Asogwa E.U., Ndubuaku T.C.N., Mokwunye I.U., Awe O.O., Ugwu J.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	5	None	Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Biology Department, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Basic Sciences and General Studies, Federal College of Forestry, Idishin - Ibadan, Nigeria	Asogwa, E.U., Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ndubuaku, T.C.N., Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Mokwunye, I.U., Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awe, O.O., Biology Department, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. Ondo State, Nigeria; Ugwu, J.A., Department of Basic Sciences and General Studies, Federal College of Forestry, Idishin - Ibadan, Nigeria	The kola weevils Balanogastris kolae and Sophrorhinus spp (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are the most destructive of all kola pests. This study was designed to evaluate the protective properties of ethanol extracts of 5 plant materials each at 1x103, 2.5x103, 5x103 and 1x104 ppm, against the kola weevils on stored kolanuts. The development and emergence of adult weevils were assessed by counting newly emerged adult weevils at fortnightly intervals for 112 Days. The number of weevil exit holes on the kolanuts and the number of kolanuts with colour change in each treatment were also determined. The mean number of adult B. kolae emergence from the various extract treatments did not differ significantly from each other. However, none of the extract treatments compared effectively with the standard treatment (1.38 ± 0.25). A similar trend was observed for Sophorhinus spp, but emergence of adult weevils was extremely low (0.03 ± 0.13 to 0.34 ± 0.10), even for the control treatment (0.78 ± 0.14). There was no significance difference in the mean number of weevil exit holes recorded for all the extracts at 2.5x103, 5x103 and 1x103 ppm treatment levels. However, they all differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from their control treatment (101.16 ± 11.26), but did not compare effectively with the standard treatment (8.16 ± 0.75). The mean number of kolanuts with colour changes recorded for the standard treatment (2.28 ± 0.18) differed only completely from the various treatment means of Cederela odorata (6.16 ± 0.39; 5.81 ± 0.38; 5.28 ± 0.30; 4.97 ± 0.16). Generally, there was no significant difference amongst the various extract treatments means, so none could be claimed to be superior to the other. The various extracts therefore could be proffered as alternatives to kola farmers, so as to reduce their total dependence on synthetic insecticides for kolanut storage. Storage of kolanuts at 2.5x103 ppm was found adequate and recommended taking into consideration their general protective effectiveness of the kolanuts and for economic reasons. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Colour change; Emergence; Exit holes; Kolanuts; Plant extracts; Treatments; Weevils	Cola nitida; Coleoptera; Curculionidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349578787	Seed size effect on grain weight and agronomic performance of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]	Belay G., Zemede A., Assefa K., Metaferia G., Tefera H.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	9	None	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Belay, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Zemede, A., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Assefa, K., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Metaferia, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Tefera, H., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], the indigenous Ethiopian cereal, has a very minute seed size, yet it has a strong bearing both on the preferences of farmers for planting material and consumers as quality measure. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of sieve-graded seeds on the grain weight of tef, and to investigate whether large seed size offers yield and agronomic advantages over using un-graded planting seed materials. Seeds of two tef varieties, DZ-01-974 and DZ-Cr-37 (early type) were sieve-graded in to five seed size treatments, and were field grown at Debre Zeit and Akaki experiment stations, in 2005 and 2006, along with the un-graded seed (Mix) as a control. A split-plot design replicated three times in randomized complete block arrangements was used; varieties were used as main plots while seed sizes were kept as sub-plots. Grain yield, days-to-panicle emergence (DPE), plant height, biomass yield and panicle length were considered. There was clear increase of 100- seed weight when seed size increased. However, seed size effects were statistically significant, but not agronomically meaningful, only for DPE. Generally, there were trends of increased grain yield (up to 7%) due to large seeds, but the advantages for the other traits were nil. Relative growth rates (RGR) were similar for the seed-size groups, and therefore, were unable to explain the lack of significant effects. In conclusion, under optimum production conditions, the added advantages of large seed size do not justify tef-seed grading. On the other hand, farmers may consider the use of smaller size seeds for planting and sell large size seeds for consumption purpose. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Eragrostis tef; Seed size; Tef; Tef agronomy	Eragrostis; Eragrostis tef	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956004029	Structure, conduct and performance of farm gate marketing of natural rubber in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria	Giroh D.Y., Umar H.Y., Yakub W.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	14	None	Farming Systems Research and Extension Department, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Giroh, D.Y., Farming Systems Research and Extension Department, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Umar, H.Y., Farming Systems Research and Extension Department, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Yakub, W., Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B 1049, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	The study examined the structure, conduct and performance of farm gate marketing of natural rubber in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Copies of questionnaires were used on 75 randomly selected rubber farmers. Data collected were analyzed using Gini coefficient and budgetary technique. The results indicated that gross margin and net profit were N17,821.31 and N17,278.47 while the gross margin and net profit per farmer were N62,588.47 and N60,682.00 respectively. The marketing margin and efficiency were 44.03 and 122% respectively. Rate of return was also high. The Gini coefficient analysis showed that the market was concentrated (0.256), showing the possibility of non-competitive behaviour and equality in earnings among marketers. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Budgetary technique; Farm gate; Gini coefficient; Marketing; Nigeria	None	None
None	None	Desired-gain selection indices for improving performance of two tanzania local chicken ecotypes under intensive management	Lwelamira J., Kifaro G.C.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	2	None	Institute of Rural Development Planning, P. O. Box 138, Dodoma, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Lwelamira, J., Institute of Rural Development Planning, P. O. Box 138, Dodoma, Tanzania; Kifaro, G.C., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	A study was carried out to evaluate various desired-gain selection indices (Yamada index) in improving performance of two chicken ecotypes of Tanzania viz. Kuchi and Tanzania Medium (Medium). The indices for Kuchi ecotype were geared at improving body weight at 16 (Bwt16) weeks of age while those for Medium ecotype were geared at improving egg production and related traits. These traits included age at first egg (AFE), egg production in the first 90 days after sexual maturity (EN-90) and egg weight (EW). Apart from production traits, antibody responses (Ab) against Newcastle disease virus vaccine was also included in some selection indices in both ecotypes. Furthermore, correlated responses to some egg quality traits namely egg shape index (ESI) and eggshell thickness (STH) were also studied. Results indicated that it would take between 5 to 6 generations of selection in Kuchi to improve Bwt16 either singly or together with Ab from their current levels of 1394 g and 5 (HIlog2) to the desired averages of 1800 g and 6 (HIlog2), respectively. On the other hand results indicated that it would take between 8 to 11 generations of selection in Medium ecotype to improve either AFE and EN-90 or together with EW or Ab or both of them from their current averages of 168 days, 49 eggs, 42 g and 5 (HIlog2) to the desired averages of 154 days, 68 eggs, 50 g, and 6 (HIlog2), respectively. Based on the number of generations required to achieve desired gains and correlated responses, some selection indices were recommended. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Breeding; Desired gain; Local chicken; Selection indices	Newcastle disease virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049478366	On-farm evaluation of improved cowpea-cereals cropping systems for crop-livestock farmers: Cerealscowpea systems in Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria	Ajeigbe H.A., Singh B.B., Ezeaku I.E., Adeosun J.O.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	17	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University College Station, TX 77843, United States; National Agricultural Extension, Research and Lias	Ajeigbe, H.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Singh, B.B., Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University College Station, TX 77843, United States; Ezeaku, I.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Adeosun, J.O., National Agricultural Extension, Research and Liason Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	From 2003 to 2005, a farmer's participatory evaluation of improved cowpea-cereal cropping systems in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria involving over 1600 farmers was conducted. The system involved growing improved cowpea varieties with cereal in a 2 cereal: 4 cowpea row to row arrangements, with application of inorganic and organic fertilizer to the crops and 2 to 3 insecticide sprays to the cowpea. Training was provided to all farmers and extension agents at the village level, while the farmers' group leaders and extension agents were further given on-station training. The results indicate that the improved cropping systems using improved varieties of cowpeas were superior to the traditional systems. The economic value of grains of the improved systems ranged from 160 to 680% of the traditional controls while the total produce gave gross returns of 160 to 571% of the total produce of the traditional controls in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria. The improved systems also produced better quality crop residues with increase in the leguminous portion of the residues and therefore likely to improve productivity of the livestock. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Cowpea-cereal systems; Farmer participatory trial; Improved strip cropping system; Vigna unguiculata	Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049464847	Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved legume-cereals cropping systems for crop-livestock farmers: Maize-double cowpea in Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria	Ajeigbe H.A., Singh B.B., Adeosun J.O., Ezeaku I.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	16	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University, R.M. 428 Heep Building, College Station, TX 77843, United States; National Agricultural Ext	Ajeigbe, H.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Singh, B.B., Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University, R.M. 428 Heep Building, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Adeosun, J.O., National Agricultural Extension, Research and Liason Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ezeaku, I.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria	Farmer's participatory evaluation of improved cowpea-maize cropping systems in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria involving over 1000 farmers was conducted from 2003 to 2005. The system involved growing improved cowpea varieties with maize in a 2 cereal: 4 cowpea row to row (arrangement), with application of inorganic and organic fertilizer to the crops and 2 to 3 insecticide sprays to cowpea. The result indicated that the improved cropping systems using improved varieties of cowpeas were superior to the traditional system. The economic value of grain of the improved system averaged 313, 269 and 308% of the traditional systems in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. The improved systems also produced better quality crop residues with increase in the leguminous portion of the residues and therefore improve productivity of the livestock. Farmers' cooperatives societies were vital in procurement of inputs, accessing bank loans and loan recoveries and in subsequent farmer to farmer diffusion of both improved varieties and cropping systems. Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved cowpea varieties and improved cowpea-sorghum and cowpea-maize intercrop systems has led to rapid farmer to farmer diffusion and adoption of the new technologies. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Cowpea-cereal systems; Farmer participatory trial; Improved strip cropping system; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956330511	Performance of semi-determinate and indeterminate cowpeas relay-cropped into maize in northeast Nigeria	Kamara A.Y., Omoigui L.O., Ewansiha S.U., Ekeleme F., Chikoye D., Ajeigbe H.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	7	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. M. B. 3112, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; College of Plant Health, Michael Okpara U	Kamara, A.Y., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. M. B. 3112, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Omoigui, L.O., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Ewansiha, S.U., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. M. B. 3112, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Ekeleme, F., College of Plant Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Chikoye, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. M. B. 3112, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Ajeigbe, H., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P. M. B. 3112, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria	Field trials were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Tilla (northern Guinea savanna) and Sabon-Gari (Sudan savanna) in northeast Nigeria to determine the performance of two improved cowpea varieties when relay-intercropped with early and late maize, 6 and 8 weeks after planting the maize. Grain yield, number of branches and number of pods per plant were higher for the variety IT89KD-288 than for IT97K-499-35, whether planted sole or relay-intercropped with maize. Grain yield was lower for IT97K-499-35 than for IT89KD-288 when relay-intercropped with maize irrespective of the maturity period of the companion maize crop. This may be due to the indeterminate growth habit and shade tolerance of IT89KD-288 which allowed a higher pod load than IT97K-499-35. However, relay-intercropping with early maize gave higher yield than relay-intercropping into late maize. Also relay-intercropping at 6 weeks after planting maize (WAP) gave a higher yield than relay-intercropping at 8 WAP. This therefore, suggests that introducing cowpea into short statured early maize may mean less competition for light and soil resources compared to taller late maize. Also introducing the cowpea earlier may allow the crop to make full use of soil moisture during the cropping season. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Grain; Maize; Northeast nigeria; Relay-intercropping; Savanna	Gari; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71049162984	Evaluation of botanical plants powders against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored haricot beans under laboratory condition	Araya G., Getu E.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	10	None	Jijga University, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Araya, G., Jijga University, Ethiopia; Getu, E., Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of botanical powders of Jatropha curcas (L.), Datura stramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides(L.), Phytoloca dodecondra (L'Herit), Azadrachta indica (A. Juss) and Parthenium hysterophorus (L.) against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) in the laboratory under ambient condition. The test insects were reared in glass jar and tested on whole haricot bean grains. For comparison, primiphos-methyl and untreated check were used. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in three replications. Hundred percent mortality of Z.subfasciatus was obtained with C. ambrosioides leaf powder at all levels of concentrations 24 hour after treatment application. More than 90% mortality of adult Z. subfasciatus was also observed for bean seeds treated with J. curcas, D. stramonium and P. dodecondra 96 hour after treatment at the rate of 15g/ 150g of grain application. Powder treatments of C. ambrosioides and A. indica at all tested rates and D. stramonium at higher levels (10 and 15g) gave more than 97% inhibition of F1 progeny production by Z. subfasciatus. Powder plant materials significantly reduced percent haricot bean grain infestation by Z. subfasciatus. Moreover, these plant materials had no effect on the germination capacity of haricot bean seeds. In general, the results obtained indicate that the use of these powder plant materials can be used for the control of Z. subfasciatus. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Azadrachta indica; Chenopodium ambrosioides; Datura stramonium; Jatropha curcas; Parthenium hysterophorus; Phytoloca dodecondra; Zabrotes subfasciatus	Bruchinae; Chenopodium ambrosioides; Coleoptera; Datura stramonium; Hexapoda; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas; Parthenium hysterophorus; Zabrotes subfasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958824145	Germination and growth performance of Aloe turkanensis and Aloe secundflora under different substrates	Mukonyi K.W., Oeba V.O., Chiteva R., Lelon J., Gathara M.W.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	10	None	Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya	Mukonyi, K.W., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Oeba, V.O., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Chiteva, R., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Lelon, J., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Gathara, M.W., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya	Income generated from indigenous Aloe sap taping has been a source of livelihoods to most communities in drylands of Kenya. Most of the Aloe leaf harvesting takes place in the wild, threatening the natural Aloe populations. This calls for establishment of Aloe plantations as alternative source of sustainable sap tapping. Currently there is lack of information on propagation methods of commercial indigenous Aloes in Kenya. Investigation undertaken to establish Aloe propagation methods showed that different factors determine Aloe germination and growth which need to be considered in Aloe propagation. Findings showed that Aloe seed germination under greenhouse began on the 9th day and maximum germination took place between 2ndand 3rd week of sowing. Addition of vermiculite and sawdust to soil from natural Aloe growing zones improved germination. Aloe turkanensis showed better germination percentage as compared to Aloe secundflora in most of the growing substrate. Forest humus soil blended with sawdust, showed the highest germination of 28%, after 21 days for Aloe turkanensis followed by substrate containing soils from natural habitat blended with vermiculite, then loam soil at 18 and 11% blended with sawdust and vermiculite, respectively. The vermiculite and sawdust blended media showed poor growth performance as revealed after 5 months of germination. Substrate from natural habitat enriched with manure showed good growth performance, while those enriched with sawdust had poor growth performance. Results indicate that different substrate may be used for germination and potting. Those that show high germination are not good for Aloe growth, but those enhancing growth did not show better germination. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Aloe propagation; Livelihoods; Substrate; Sustainability	Aloe; Aloe turkanensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958818159	Heavily stocked 5-paddock rotational grazing effect on cross-bred Afrikaner steer performance and herbaceous vegetation dynamics in a semi-arid veld of Zimbabwe	Moyo B., Dube S., Moyo C., Nesamvuni E.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	10	None	Matopos Research Station, P. Bag K5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Natural Resources and the Environment, Ecosystems Dynamics and Processes Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P. O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Khulasizwe Trust, P. O. Box QP 23, Queenspark, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Limpopo Province, South Africa	Moyo, B., Matopos Research Station, P. Bag K5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Dube, S., Natural Resources and the Environment, Ecosystems Dynamics and Processes Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P. O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Moyo, C., Khulasizwe Trust, P. O. Box QP 23, Queenspark, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Nesamvuni, E., Department of Agriculture, Limpopo Province, South Africa	A ten-year high stocking rate trial, mimicking communal areas was initiated at Matopos Research Station, Zimbabwe. Afrikaner steer crosses grazed continuously or rotationally at a high stocking rate (0.4 LU.ha-1) in two 45 ha areas, with one fenced into five 9 ha camps each for the rotational grazing sites, with 30 animals per site. It was hypothesized that, heavily stocked rotation will not improve herbage biomass, decreaser species abundance, basal cover or animal performance. Biomass, basal cover and decreaser species abundance were not (P &gt; 0.05) significantly different between the grazing systems, save for Themeda triandra, Setaria incrassata and Panicum novemnerve, but were significant (P &lt; 0.05) in terms of annual variation. Mean maximum steer weight gain was higher (P &lt; 0.05) under continuous grazing. It was concluded that, the creation of rigid rotational grazing schemes in communal areas without proper stocking rates will not improve animal performance, herbage production, basal cover, but might have an effect on species abundance. In higher rainfall years, heavy stocking has no adverse effects on performance. Hence, any plans of grazing interventions on livestock management in communal areas, should consider stocking rate and rainfall, with a rapid stock reduction strategy in projected low rainfall years. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Basal cover; Communal areas; Grazing system; Herbage biomass; Stocking rate; Weight gain	Animalia; Panicum; Themeda triandra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955000621	Evaluation of lyophilized and non lyophilized toxins from trichoderma species for the control of ceratocystis paradoxa	Eziashi E.I., Uma N.U., Adekunle A.A., Airede C.E., Odigie E.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	13	None	Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Eziashi, E.I., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Uma, N.U., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adekunle, A.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Airede, C.E., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Odigie, E.E., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Lyophilized and non-lyophilized toxins produced from Trichoderma species were investigated against Ceratocystis paradoxa mycelial growth at different concentrations in-vitro. Lyophilized toxin inhibition on C. paradoxa by T. viride (28.14 and 28.14%) and T. polysporum (28.88 and 28.88%) at 70 and 100% concentrations were significant (p = 0.005) compared with T. hamatum (20.37 and 21.48%) and T. aureoviride (20.00 and 20.37%) six days after incubation. Non-lyophilized phytotoxin inhibition on C. paradoxa mycelia by T. viride (21.85 and 23.335%) and T. polysporum (22.22 and 22.59%) at 70 and 100% were also significant (p = 0.005) when compared with T. hamatum (16.29 and 18.14%) and T. aureoviride (17.03 and 17.77%) 6 days after incubation. The mycelial growth of C. paradoxa was stimulated by T. hamatum and T. aureoviride at 20 and 50% concentrations with lyophilized and non-lyophilized phytotoxins. The lyophilized phytotoxin exhibited better control of C. paradoxa compared with non-lyophilized and the control treatments. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, column fraction isolated from T. viride Rf value 0.51 was deduced to be 1, 2-benzendicaboxylic acid. It is responsible for the inhibitory action on C. paradoca mycelia. This compound produced by T. viride depended on type of fungus strain and standard used. © 2010 Academic Journals.	1, 2-benzendicarboxylic acid; GC-Ms; Inhibition; Mycelia	Ceratocystis paradoxa; Fungi; Trichoderma; Trichoderma aureoviride; Trichoderma hamatum; Trichoderma viride	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960831966	Evaluation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants with natural and transgenic resistance against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates occurring in the republic of south africa (RSA)	Sivparsad B., Gubba A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	13	None	School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Discipline of Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Sivparsad, B., School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Discipline of Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa; Gubba, A., School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Discipline of Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infections causes significant economic losses in the commercial production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). This study was undertaken to evaluate tomato with natural and transgenic resistance when inoculated with TSWV isolates occurring in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). The Stevens cultivar which has natural resistance to TSWV conferred by the Sw-5 gene and the transgenic 13-1 line which expresses the nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of the TSWV-BL isolate were used as test plants. Six TSWV isolates collected from Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, North West, Limpopo and Mpumulanga provinces were mechanically inoculated onto test plants. The trial was arranged in a general treatment structure with randomized block design and repeated once. Plants were assessed for TSWV resistance based on a disease severity rating scale and measurements of virion accumulation levels (A405nm) using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There were no significant differences among the reactions produced by the six TSWV isolates on the test plants. Although both plants were susceptible to the TSWV isolates from RSA by exhibiting similar high viral accumulation levels, the transgenic tomato line showed milder disease severity than the natural resistant cultivar. Results suggest that transgenic resistance is a more viable approach in the control of TSWV in RSA. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Republic of south africa; Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.); Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV); Transgenic; Virus resistance	Lycopersicon esculentum; Tomato spotted wilt virus; Tospovirus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956299050	Evaluation of essential capacities required for the performance of farming small, micro and medium enterprise (SMMEs) in South Africa	Mmbengwa V.M., Ramukumba T., Groenewald J.A., van Schalkwyk H.D., Gundidza M.B., Maiwashe A.N.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	6	None	School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), George Campus, South Africa; University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa; Livestock Business Division, Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa	Mmbengwa, V.M., School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), George Campus, South Africa, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Ramukumba, T., School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), George Campus, South Africa; Groenewald, J.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; van Schalkwyk, H.D., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Gundidza, M.B., School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa; Maiwashe, A.N., Livestock Business Division, Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa	The capacity of small, micro, and medium enterprises (SMMEs) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the viability and sustainability of the enterprise. Various types of capacities need to be identified and used to guide farming SMMEs' planning, implementation and support in the after-care phase. The main objective of the study was to identify and evaluate essential capacities that are instrumental in ensuring the financial success of farming SMMEs in South Africa. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to determine the performance of farming SMMEs under consideration. The results revealed that market capacity is essential for financial returns of farming SMMEs in South Africa. Farming SMMEs should be linked to sustainable markets and they must actively participate in both supply and value chains in order to be profitable. Thus, farming SMMEs and their support service stakeholders should consider market access as crucial during pre-and post settlement support. It is essential therefore, that both public and private sectors prioritise market access in their supportive programmes. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Capacities; Performance; Planning; Profitability; Sustainable	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049465012	Evaluation of some empirical methods of estimating potential evapo-transpiration for determination of length of growing season in a tropical wet and dry climate	Bello N.J., Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Awomeso J.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	16	None	University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Bello, N.J., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Eruola, A.O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ufoegbune, G.C., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Awomeso, J.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A comparison of 4 empirical methods of calculating potential evapo-transpiration (PE) using climatic data for the estimation of length of growing season from rainfall - potential evapo-transpiration model was carried out using 15 years of estimates recorded in Shaki, Southwestern Nigeria. The length of the growing season estimated from the 4 empirical methods of PE were related to the moisture requirements of some selected tropical crops. Data were analyzed by one - way ANOVA taking each yearly mean as the average of the 15 years (1991 - 2005) for the station. Results show that the methods varied greatly in their ability to define the magnitude and variability of the length of growing season. The original Penman and the modified Penman of McCulloch models showed no significant difference in their use for the determination of length of growing season. However, the Thornthwaite, the Priestly and Taylor showed differences in the estimates of length of growing season. Priestly and Taylor gave the least estimate of length of growing season. The relative reliability of each method in terms of accuracy of both measured and extrapolated meteorological data utilized was also discussed. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Length of growing season; Moisture requirement; Potential evapo-transpiration; Wet and dry climate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84255167783	Reproductive performance of sows in rural communities of Busia and Kakamega Districts, Western Kenya	Mutua F.K., Dewey C.E., Arimi S.M., Schelling E., Ogara W.O., Levy M.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	31	10.5897/AJAR11.822	University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, P. O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Guelph, Department of Population Medicine, ONT N1G 2W1, Canada; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Swiss Tropical Institute, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, P. O. Box Basel, Switzerland	Mutua, F.K., University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, P. O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Dewey, C.E., University of Guelph, Department of Population Medicine, ONT N1G 2W1, Canada; Arimi, S.M., University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, P. O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Schelling, E., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya, Swiss Tropical Institute, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, P. O. Box Basel, Switzerland; Ogara, W.O., University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, P. O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Levy, M., University of Guelph, Department of Population Medicine, ONT N1G 2W1, Canada	This study provided baseline performance of breeding pigs information on local sow productivity that was previously lacking. The objective was to investigate performance of breeding pigs in rural smallholder communities of Western Kenya. A random sample of 288 smallholder farms in Busia and Kakamega districts was selected pigs. The farms were visited three times in the course of the study period, 2006 to 2008. Data on management and productivity were gathered by means of questionnaires administered to sow owners. The average number of sows owned per farm was 1.3±0.6. Sows were bred for an average of 2.18±1.08 days during one estrus. Sows were 12.1±4.5 months old when they farrowed for the first time. They were bred 1.9±1.6 month after piglets were weaned. Sources of breeding boars included borrowed boars from the neighbourhood (77%), farmers' own boars (14%), group-owned boars (0.4%) and those that were free roaming (2%). The average litter size was 7.8±2.6 while the average number weaned was 6.8±3.1. Piglets were weaned at 5.4±3.3 weeks of age. Piglets were reportedly cheaper in Busia (USD 6.36±0.71) than they were in Kakamega (USD 9.71±2.18) (p<0.05). Factors that are likely to influence performance of both sows and boars in the villages are discussed. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Litter size; Piglet mortality; Smallholder pig farms; Sow production; Western Kenya	None	None
WoS	WOS:000273689800002	Impact of rural development projects on agricultural productivity in selected regions of Benin	Afari-Sefa, Victor,Yabi, Jacob A.	2009	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH	4	11	None	IITA, Univ Parakou	None	In this study, data collected from 120 rural households located in two distinct socio-cultural locales of Benin was used to assess the impact of 20 development projects on agricultural productivity. A 'withwithout' approach of impact evaluation is followed using ANOVA and econometric regressions. Results reveal no significant differences of projects on agricultural productivity between participants in the two study zones. Econometric regression estimates show significantly positive impacts on agricultural productivity for two selected project indicators in the two study zones. However, the goal achievement index was more remarked in the Adja area, where the projects were found to have better addressed development problems and provided higher impact. The results suggest the need to improve management of agricultural projects to enhance their impact. Likewise, objectives and activities of the projects should be oriented to deal better with development problems of rural people, in particular those of the poorest and marginalized communities.	BENIN,IMPACT,productivity,"rural projects"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000292269500001	The impact of HIV/AIDS on labor markets, productivity and welfare in Southern Africa: A critical review and analysis	Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe, F. M.,Simtowe, Franklin	2011	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH	6	10	None	World Agroforestry Centre, WARDA Africa Rice Ctr	"Simtowe, Franklin: World Agroforestry Centre",	Global estimates of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic as of 2007 shows that about 33 million people are living with HIV, the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The international labor organization (ILO) estimates that at least 23 million workers in the prime labor force (aged15 to 49 years) are infected with HIV. More than 70% of the world's HIV/AIDS infected population lives in Africa. Within the Africa region, the Southern Africa region has the largest HIV prevalence rate. It is estimated that more than 30% of total world HIV population lives in Southern Africa. In this paper, we analyze the extent to which the HIV/AIDS pandemic impacts the labor markets, productivity and welfare in Southern Africa. We hypothesize that the pandemic can reduce the labor force and productivity, consequently leading to the deterioration in welfare and stagnation of the economy. The analysis finds out that a significant proportion of the labor force has been lost to HIV. In addition to the loss of workers due to AIDS, the cost of caring for AIDS patients is enormous and has resulted into the erosion of productivity and profitability in both the formal and informal sectors. Due to the disproportionate HIV/AIDS prevalence rate between age groups and sex, the pandemic is changing the age and sex distribution of the labor force. The average age of the labor is declining due to the early entry by young and inexperienced people into the labor force. HIV is exerting negative impact on household welfare through the loss of income initially earned by a household member that is a victim of HIV/AIDS, and that through increased medical expenses by the household on the AIDS victim, most of the household income is spent on medication other than other household needs. Some economies in the region are already facing a reduction in economic growth due to the HIV pandemic and it is observed that if efforts to prevent its spread are not intensified, such economies would face stagnation at some point.	"ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)","HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)","LABOR MARKETS",productivity,WELFARE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27844443523	The impact of reduced drug prices on the cost-effectiveness of HAART in South Africa	Nattrass N., Geffen N.	2005	African Journal of AIDS Research	4	1	None	AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Treatment Action Campaign, 34 Main Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa	Nattrass, N., AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Geffen, N., Treatment Action Campaign, 34 Main Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa	South Africa has started 'rolling out' highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) through the public health sector, but implementation has been slow. Studies have shown that in Africa AIDS prevention may be more cost-effective than providing HAART; such published results provide some support for the South African government's apparent reluctance to implement a large-scale rapid HAART roll-out. However, previous studies have not linked treatment and prevention plans, and do not, for the most part, consider the potential savings to the public health sector (e.g., fewer hospital admissions) that may arise from the introduction of HAART. The South African costing exercise summarised here avoids both these limitations. It provides an update of earlier work and takes into account the recent decline in antiretroviral drug prices. It shows that once HIV-related hospital costs are included in the calculation, the cost per HIV infection averted is lower in a treatment-plus-prevention intervention scenario than it is in a prevention-only scenario. This suggests that it is economically advantageous to fund a large-scale comprehensive intervention plan and that the constraints for doing so are political. Once human-rights considerations are included, the case for providing HAART is even more compelling. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; Prevention; Public health; Treatment	antiretrovirus agent; article; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; cost of illness; drug cost; drug utilization; government; health care planning; health program; health promotion; highly active antiretroviral therapy; hospital cost; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human rights; nonhuman; patient counseling; preventive health service; public health service; South Africa; vertical transmission; virus transmission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50449084792	Understanding diversity in impact and responses among HIV/AIDS-affected households: The case of Msinga, South Africa	Swaans K., Broerse J., Van Diepen I., Salomon M., Gibson D., Bunders J.	2008	African Journal of AIDS Research	7	2	10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.2.2.519	Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Swaans, K., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Broerse, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Van Diepen, I., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands, Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Salomon, M., Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gibson, D., Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bunders, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural households in Msinga, South Africa, the sustainable livelihoods framework was adapted. An ethnographic perspective was employed to examine: 1) the impact of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses on people's mind and spirit (the internal environment), and 2) the influence of institutional structures and processes (the external environment), in order to better understand 3) the actions taken by individuals and households in response to HIV and AIDS. Members of three support groups at a local drop-in centre were consulted about the impact of HIV and AIDS on their lives through focus groups, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study shows that the psychosocial impact and associated coping strategies, as well as prevailing gender-based power relations and exclusion from social-exchange networks - which are not (readily) available factors in the sustainable livelihoods framework - affect people's lives in different ways and depend on the specific situation of the individual or household concerned. The study confirms the need to restore a household's resource base and to address psychosocial issues. However, the variation in impact to different households requires a diversified and holistic programme of development interventions. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Accessibility; Coping; Mitigation strategies; Psychosocial aspects; Resource-poor settings; Sustainable livelihoods framework	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; coping behavior; ethnographic research; female; holistic care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; interview; major clinical study; male; questionnaire; rural area; sex ratio; social aspect; social psychology; South Africa; support group; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32344440641	The impact of participatory and non-participatory evaluations on meeting project objectives	Niba M., Green J.M.	2005	African Journal of AIDS Research	4	2	None	Department of Community Resources, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Niba, M., Department of Community Resources, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Green, J.M., Department of Community Resources, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	This study investigates the value of participation on meeting a project's objectives by comparing the impact of participatory and non-participatory evaluation frameworks. We assessed HIV/AIDS projects that shared similarities in terms of objectives and implementation strategies, but differed in their evaluation strategies, in order to identify differences in the outcome of the projects on the beneficiaries. The study concentrated on documentary and interview evidence of communication-based HIV/AIDS projects. The results highlight that in spite of socio-demographic differences, consistent use of a participatory methodology created an enabling environment, in terms of implementation, for meeting a project's objectives (particularly improved group awareness, knowledge, attitude, empowerment, functioning and sustainability); and, in terms of evaluation, a participatory methodology better enabled the internalisation of those objectives, through activities such as focus group discussions. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Africa; Behaviour; Community empowerment; HIV/AIDS interventions; Monitoring and evaluation	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; attitude to illness; demography; documentation; empowerment; evidence based practice; health care delivery; health care planning; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information processing; interpersonal communication; interview; medical information; methodology; outcome assessment; participatory management; social aspect; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34648820316	Modelling the relationship between antiretroviral treatment and HIV prevention: Limitations of the Spectrum AIDS Impact Model in changing policy environment	Nattrass N.	2007	African Journal of AIDS Research	6	2	None	Department of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Nattrass, N., Department of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	This paper shows how two publicly available epidemiological modelling packages, namely the Spectrum AIDS Impact Model and the ASSA2003 AIDS and Demographic Model, predict very different impacts from rolling out highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) on new HIV infections. Using South Africa as a case study, it shows that the ASSA2003 model predicts a significant drop in new HIV infections as HAART is rolled out, whereas the Spectrum model assumes that HAART does not have a preventative impact (and in fact generates a small increase in new HIV infections). Users will thus draw different conclusions about the public health benefits of HAART depending on which modelling package they use. Despite being presented as a policy-oriented modelling tool capable of exploring 'what if' questions about the impact of different policy choices, the Spectrum model is ill-equipped to do so with regard to a HAART rollout. Unlike Spectrum, ASSA2003 is more flexible and its assumptions are clear. Better modelling and more information (including about the relationship between HAART and sexual risk behaviour) is required to develop appropriate public-policy modelling for the HAART era. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Demographic models; HAART; Health impact; Interventions; Mathematical models; Policy development; Sexual risk behaviour; South Africa	antiretrovirus agent; nevirapine; zidovudine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; case study; controlled study; epidemic; high risk behavior; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; policy; prediction; prevalence; sexual behavior; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938691863	The impact of the global economic crisis on HIV and AIDS programmes directed at women and children in Zambia	Serieux J., Njelesani M., Chompolola A., Sepehri A., Guliani H.	2015	African Journal of AIDS Research	14	2	10.2989/16085906.2015.1040806	Department of Economics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), UNESCO, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada	Serieux, J., Department of Economics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Njelesani, M., Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), UNESCO, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chompolola, A., Department of Economics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Sepehri, A., Department of Economics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Guliani, H., University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada	This investigation sought to ascertain the extent to which the global economic crisis of 2008-2009 affected the delivery of HIV/AIDS-related services directed at pregnant and lactating mothers, children living with HIV and children orphaned through HIV in Zambia. Using a combined macroeconomic analysis and a multiple case study approach, the authors found that from mid-2008 to mid-2009 the Zambian economy was indeed buffeted by the global economic crisis. During that period the case study subjects experienced challenges with respect to the funding, delivery and effectiveness of services that were clearly attributable, directly or indirectly, to the global economic crisis. The source of funding most often compromised was external private flows. The services most often compromised were non-medical services (such as the delivery of assistance to orphans and counselling to HIV-positive mothers) while the more strictly medical services (such as antiretroviral therapy) were protected from funding cuts and service interruptions. Impairments to service effectiveness were experienced relatively equally by (HIV-positive) pregnant women and lactating mothers and children orphaned through HIV. Children living with AIDS were least affected because of the primacy of ARV therapy in their care. © 2015 NISC (Pty) Ltd.	case studies; crisis transmission; external funding; financial crisis; health care funding; HIV-related services	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; Article; case study; child; childhood disease; clinical effectiveness; economic aspect; female; funding; health care delivery; health program; health service; human; lactation; major clinical study; male; maternal disease; medical service; orphaned child; patient counseling; pregnant woman; Zambia; Zambian	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884515371	Modelling the potential impact and cost of scaling-up male circumcision in resource poor settings: A case of Uganda	Tumwesigyea N.M., Wabwire-Mangena F., Bagendaa D., Ssengoobab F., Opioc A., Nalwaddab C.K., Bollinger L., Stoverd J.	2013	African Journal of AIDS Research	12	1	10.2989/16085906.2013.815416	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Plot 6 Lourdel Road, Nakasero Kampala, Uganda; Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States	Tumwesigyea, N.M., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Wabwire-Mangena, F., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Bagendaa, D., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Ssengoobab, F., Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Opioc, A., Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Plot 6 Lourdel Road, Nakasero Kampala, Uganda; Nalwaddab, C.K., Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Bollinger, L., Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States; Stoverd, J., Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States	This study modelled estimates of the cost and impact of male circumcision (MC) under different scenarios using the Decision Maker's Program Planning Tool on data from Uganda. Results showed that the number of new adult HIV infections could be reduced by 23 000 if MC could be increased from the current 25% to 80% by 2015. The incidence of HIV could be reduced by 0.2 percentage points over the same period. If a scale up programme is to meet a target of 80% by 2015 then the annual number of MCs performed should be over twice as many as those performed in 2011. The discounted net cost per infection averted would be US$559 for the period 2011-2015 and the country would save US$6 841 per infection. A scale up of MC will reduce HIV prevalence and incidence substantially and it would be highly cost effective. The government should mobilise funding to meet high MC targets that would deliver the desired reduction in prevalence and incidence in a short period of time. Copyright © NISC (Pty) Ltd.	Adult hiv infection; Decision maker's program planning tool; Health economics; Male circumcision	adolescent; adult; article; circumcision; cost benefit analysis; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; female; health care cost; health care planning; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infection prevention; male; medical personnel; prevalence; scale up; surgeon; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449113167	Growth, productivity, and scientific impact of sources of HIV/AIDS research information, with a focus on eastern and southern Africa	Onyancha O.B.	2008	African Journal of AIDS Research	7	1	10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.1.7.435	Department of Information Science, University of South Africa (UNISA), PO Box 392, 0003, South Africa	Onyancha, O.B., Department of Information Science, University of South Africa (UNISA), PO Box 392, 0003, South Africa	As channels of communicating HIV/AIDS research information, serial publications and particularly journals are increasingly used in response to the pandemic. The last few decades have witnessed a proliferation of sources of HIV/AIDS-related information, bringing many challenges to collection-development librarians as well as to researchers. This study uses an informetric approach to examine the growth, productivity and scientific impact of these sources, during the period 1980 to 2005, and especially to measure performance in the publication and dissemination of HIV/AIDS research about or from eastern or southern Africa. Data were collected from MEDLINE, Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and Ulrich's Periodical Directory. The analysis used Sitkis version 1.5, Microsoft Office Access, Microsoft Office Excel, Bibexcel, and Citespace version 2.0.1. The specific objectives were to identify the number of sources of HIV/AIDS-related information that have been published in the region, the coverage of these in key bibliographic databases, the most commonly used publication type for HIV/AIDS research, the countries in which the sources are published, the sources' productivity in terms of numbers of papers and citations, the most influential sources, the subject coverage of the sources, and the core sources of HIV/AIDS-information. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.	Content analysis; Data mining; Databases; Infometrics; Information science; Informetrics; Library science; Scholarly publishing	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; growth; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interpersonal communication; medical information; medical literature; medical research; MEDLINE; productivity; science; sociology; South Africa; time series analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896505924	The impact of the declining extended family support system on the education of orphans in Lesotho	Tanga P.T.	2013	African Journal of AIDS Research	12	3	10.2989/16085906.2013.863217	Department of Social Work/Social Development, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Tanga, P.T., Department of Social Work/Social Development, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	This paper examines the impact of the weakening of the extended family on the education of double orphans in Lesotho through in-depth interviews with participants from 3 of the 10 districts in Lesotho. The findings reveal that in Lesotho the extended family has not yet disintegrated as the literature suggests. However, it shows signs of rupturing, as many orphans reported that they are being taken into extended family households, the incentive for these households being, presumably, the financial and other material assistance that they receive from the government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) which supplements household income and material wellbeing. The findings show that financial and other assistance given by the government and NGOs have resulted in conflict between the orphans and caregivers. This has also prompted many extended families to shift responsibilities to the government and NGOs. Most of the extended households provided the orphans with poor living conditions, such as unhygienic houses, poor nutrition, and little or no provision of school materials, which has had a negative impact on the education of the orphans. The combined effects of economic crisis and HIV and AIDS have resulted in extended families not being able to care for the needs of the orphans adequately, whilst continuing to accept them into their households. It is recommended that although extended families are still accepting orphans, the government should strengthen and recognise the important role played by families and the communities in caring for these vulnerable children. The government should also introduce social grants for orphans and other vulnerable children and review the current meagre public assistance (R100) it provides for orphans and vulnerable children in Lesotho. Other stakeholders should concentrate on strengthening the capacity of families and communities through programmes and projects which could be more sustainable than the current handouts given by many NGOs. © 2013 NISC (Pty) Ltd.	Care and support; Caregivers; Education; Extended family; HIV and AIDS; Orphans	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; caregiver; conceptual framework; education; extended family; family counseling; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; income; interview; Lesotho; methodology; nutrition; organization; social care; wellbeing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745302574	HIV disclosure and other factors that impact on adherence to antiretroviral therapy: The case of Soweto, South Africa	Skhosana N.L., Struthers H., Gray G.E., McIntyre J.A.	2006	African Journal of AIDS Research	5	1	None	Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box 114, Diepkloof, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa	Skhosana, N.L., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box 114, Diepkloof, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa; Struthers, H., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box 114, Diepkloof, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa; Gray, G.E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box 114, Diepkloof, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa; McIntyre, J.A., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box 114, Diepkloof, Johannesburg 1864, South Africa	Some authors argue that there are no predictors of adherence to medication, while others proffer indicators of likely adherence. These contextual factors are wide-ranging and may be interdependent. There are few studies of adherence in resource-poor settings. Of these, many were linked to particular trials whose conditions were highly controlled. For instance, the number of participants in the trial was small, the participants were strictly selected and they were offered much adherence support. These conditions will largely fall away with wider access to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) such as South Africa is undertaking. Poor adherence remains one of the challenges to scaling-up access to ARVs, and, as such, the likely barriers to adherence need to be understood and countered. This study explores contextual factors - such as disclosure, preparation for treatment, treatment meaning and treatment acceptance - as aspects of lifestyle that can bear on adherence. Those who had disclosed were largely supported at household level, and after initial problems with adherence, participants adjusted and were able to include ARV treatment in their daily repertoire. Although the anticipation of stigma remains an obstacle to wide disclosure, antiretroviral therapy offers new hope and has the potential to impact on stigma. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Clinical trials; Gender; Household; Psychosocial; Stigma; Treatment literacy	antiretrovirus agent; adult; article; clinical article; female; health care access; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interpersonal communication; lifestyle; male; patient attitude; patient compliance; prediction; South Africa; stigma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34648814058	The impact of the HIV epidemic on the composite wellbeing of educators in South Africa: A qualitative study	Theron L.C.	2007	African Journal of AIDS Research	6	2	None	School of Educational Sciences, Vaal Triangle Faculty, North-West University, PO Box 1174, Vanderbijlpark 1900 Gauteng, South Africa	Theron, L.C., School of Educational Sciences, Vaal Triangle Faculty, North-West University, PO Box 1174, Vanderbijlpark 1900 Gauteng, South Africa	In South Africa, support is available for educators who are HIV-positive, and there are numerous initiatives to curb further HIV infections. What is lacking though is an understanding of how the HIV epidemic impacts on educators who are affected personally or professionally. For this reason a qualitative study was undertaken with 25 affected educators from the Gauteng and Free State provinces. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine how the epidemic is impacting the health of educators who are affected but not HIV infected. The results suggest that affected educators are in need of interventions that target health promotion, since those who participated reported poor physical, emotional, social, spiritual and professional health. The results also suggest that some educators do cope with the overall impact of the epidemic, implying that resilient functioning among affected educators should be promoted. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Coping behaviour; Health impact; Health interventions; Health promotion; Resilient functioning; Teachers	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; clinical article; controlled study; coping behavior; emotionality; epidemic; female; health promotion; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; occupational health; qualitative research; religion; semi structured interview; social aspect; South Africa; teacher; wellbeing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846050157	Community impact of HIV status disclosure through an integrated community home-based care programme	Ncama B., Uys L.	2006	African Journal of AIDS Research	5	3	None	School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa	Ncama, B., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Uys, L., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa	The integration of HIV-prevention activities into care has received little attention within or outside formal healthcare settings. The contribution of community home-based care services in facilitating disclosure of HIV status and reducing stigma have also not been described. This study examines the community impact of an integrated community home-based care (ICHC) programme on HIV-prevention efforts and disclosure of status. Quantitative data was collected from 363 people living with HIV (PLHIV) and 1 028 members of their micro-communities; of these, 211 and 586, respectively, were in the ICHC programme (thus representing the ICHC-served group) and 152 and 442, respectively, were not in the programme (representing the non-served or control group). The micro-community group served by the ICHC programme reported significantly more positive attitudes towards HIV, better knowledge of HIV, fewer instances of sexually-transmitted infections, a tendency for fewer sexual partners, and less perceived risk of acquiring HIV than the non-served micro-community group. Also, the micro-community served by the programme did not show significantly better uptake of voluntary counselling and testing than did the non-served micro-community. There was no difference in condom-use between the two groups. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Integrated care model; Knowledge/attitudes/behaviour; Sexual behaviour change; Stigmatisation; Voluntary counselling and testing	article; attitude to illness; behavior change; community care; community living; condom; controlled study; data collection method; female; health education; health program; health status; home care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; infection risk; integrated health care system; interpersonal communication; major clinical study; male; patient counseling; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; risk reduction; safe sex; screening test; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted disease; stigma; voluntary program	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65749089418	Facilitating health-enabling social contexts for youth: Qualitative evaluation of a family-based HIV-prevention pilot programme	Paruk Z., Petersen I., Bhana A.	2009	African Journal of AIDS Research	8	1	10.2989/AJAR.2009.8.1.7.720	School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; Child, Youth and Family Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Paruk, Z., School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; Petersen, I., School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; Bhana, A., Child, Youth and Family Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa	This paper reports on a post-intervention qualitative evaluation of the pilot intervention of the AmaQhawe Family Project, in South Africa, which is a cartoon-based, manualised intervention delivered to multiple family groups over 10 sessions, aimed at preventing HIV in adolescents through strengthening the adult protective shield. Semi-structured interviews with nine women who had participated in the pilot intervention were used to understand participants' perceptions of how the family-based HIV-prevention programme had assisted in addressing the issues identified in a pre-intervention exploratory study. Analysis of the data was informed by community health psychology and social capital theory. The findings indicate that at an individual level, the women interviewed had experienced an improved sense of empowerment, both as parents and as women. They also reported increased social support for effective parenting. At a collective level, the women reported that the programme had helped them to exert better informal social controls within the community, as well as to increase their social leverage and participation in community organisations. The findings suggest that HIV interventions involving families can strengthen the adult protective shield to facilitate health-enabling social contexts for youth. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Community programmes; Health interventions; HIV/AIDS; Parents; Social capital; Social determinants; Social psychology; South Africa	article; attitude to health; child parent relation; community; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; juvenile; psychology; semi structured interview; social capital; social control; social environment; social support; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903129332	Climate change impact on the limnology of Lake Kariba, Zambia-Zimbabwe	Mahere T.S., Mtsambiwa M.Z., Chifamba P.C., Nhiwatiwa T.	2014	African Journal of Aquatic Science	39	2	10.2989/16085914.2014.927350	Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe Lake Kariba Research Station, Kariba, Zimbabwe; Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe	Mahere, T.S., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mtsambiwa, M.Z., University of Zimbabwe Lake Kariba Research Station, Kariba, Zimbabwe, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Chifamba, P.C., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nhiwatiwa, T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	There is evidence that global warming is changing the thermal regimes of tropical lakes and this paper examines the impact of warming on the limnology of Lake Kariba. Between 1986 and 2011 the mean temperature of the lake rose by 0.7 °C, a rate equivalent to 0.03 °C y-1, but this increase was not uniform, being most pronounced in March and May (1.5 and 1.4 °C, respectively) and least in August and October (0.1 °C in both). These changes appear to have disrupted the thermal regime which now seems to be less predictable than before. Thermal gradients have weakened and, as a result, oxyclines are now less pronounced and persistent than in the past. Previous workers suggested that warming in Lake Kariba has strengthened stratification and has caused the thermocline to rise, reducing the volume of the epilimnion and thus reducing the productivity of the pelagic fishery. But this does not appear to be the case. Warming was not accompanied by more pronounced stratification or upward shift in the thermocline, but instead there was a downward transfer of heat that caused the thermocline to descend and weaken, thus reducing thermal stability. The dynamic nature of the thermocline highlights the need to exercise caution in making simple predictions and conclusions about biotic responses in a large complex ecosystem. © 2014 Copyright © NISC (Pty) Ltd.	dissolved oxygen; oxycline; stratification; temperature; thermal gradient; thermocline	None	None
WoS	WOS:000284282200007	Impact of occupational health and safety on worker productivity: A case of Zimbabwe food industry	Gadzirayi, C. T.,Katsuro, P.,Mupararano, Suzanna,Taruwona, M.	2010	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	4	13	None	Bindura Univ Sci Educ	None	This research sought to assess the impact of occupational health safety ( OHS) on productivity in the commercial food industry. The objective of the study was to explore OHS problems of different work areas and their impact on productivity. The research targeted production supervisors, shop floor employees and industrial clinic nurses. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used as research instruments to collect data. The study found out that OHS related problems negatively affect workers' productive capacity in the food industry resulting in reduced worker output. Workers develop a negative attitude and low morale towards work. High incidents of accidents at work also occur. The study recommends that food industry factories should upgrade their OHS through training programmes and use up-to-date equipment.	"Food factory","OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH",productivity.,SAFETY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000266170400003	Evaluation of customer handling competencies of Ethiopian employees'	Potluri, Rajasekhara Mouly,Zeleke, Awgichew Abiye	2009	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	3	4	None	Kazakh British Technical University, Mkt Expert Ethiopian Telecommun Corp Addis Ababa	"Potluri, Rajasekhara Mouly: Kazakh British Technical University",	Service quality has become essential for the survival of service companies to attract and retain customers in the present day's fiercely competing business world. Competent employees are the key to deliver excellent quality services, this study mainly focuses on evaluation of customer handling competencies of Ethiopian employees' which is an imperative to maximize customer satisfaction. Data for the study was collected through self administered questionnaires distributed to 300 customers and 500 employees of 50 companies in Ethiopia. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software package. The result shows that most employees working at the front desk service areas did not demonstrate most of the basic marketing competency indicators. As a result, most customers were not satisfied with the service provided by the Ethiopian companies and ranked its service quality as poor. The research identifies basic competency deficiencies of Ethiopian employees in handling customers' and has managerial implication of how to staff the work force with the skill needed to deliver quality service.	"Customer handling/marketing competencies of frontline employees","customers' satisfaction","elements of marketing competency","factors affect employees' competency","service delivery standards"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000260643400001	An evaluation of the performance of private transport companies in selected Southwestern of Nigeria	Aworemi, J. R.,Ilori, M. O.	2008	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	2	8	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ladoke Akintola Univ Technol	"Ilori, M. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University",	This paper evaluates the performance of Private Transport Companies in Southwestern, Nigeria. It also ascertains the influence of the identified variables on the performance of the companies. A Sample size of 270 respondents was purposively selected among registered private transport companies in the Study area. Correlation and regression analyses techniques were adopted in analyzing the collected data. The results of the findings showed a significant correlation between the performance of private transport companies and each of the independent variables of age of establishment ( r = 0.593), staff strength ( r = 0.647), wages/salary trends ( r = 0.54) and total number of functioning vehicles ( r = 0.539) and these variables had a strong, positive and significant relationships and are answerable for the performance that is measured in terms of return on investment of the private transport companies in the study area. The result of regression analysis showed that, the coefficients of the total number of employees (X-2), the government regulations on inputs such as petroleum products and auto-spare parts (X-3), costs of maintenance/ operation (X-6), state of the roads (X-7), useful life age of the vehicles (X-9) and effects of telecommunication (X-11) contributed significantly to the variation in the level of performance of private transport companies at both 5 and 10% levels.	evaluation,passenger,PERFORMANCE,"private transport",VEHICLES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000281682300025	An impact assessment of a prototype financial literacy flagship programme in a rural South African setting	Tustin, Deon Harold	2010	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	4	9	None	University of South Africa	None	This article applies experimental research to investigate the impact of the Bubomi financial literacy flagship programme developed by Absa Group Limited, one of South Africa's largest financial service organizations. The programme aims to improve essential financial literacy skills, habits and behaviour of South Africans. The impact of the programme is measured by comparing the level of financial knowledge, confidence, attitude and accountable management practices of statistically representative experimental (people exposed to the Absa training) and control (people not exposed to Absa training) groups residing in village areas surrounding the Giyani town in the Limpopo province located in the north-eastern parts South Africa. By accepting the test hypotheses that the financial knowledge, confidence, attitudes and accountable management of the experimental group exceed that of the control group at a statistically significant level, the article investigates the immediate and intermediate impact of a prototype training programme that can effectively improve the basic financial skills, habits and behaviours of consumers. The research findings is even more pertinent when considering that a prototype skills development programme has been evaluated and found to be most applicable to skills improvement in poor village communities where financial literacy are at acute low levels. The programme evaluation research represents the first of its kind in a rural setting and outlines unique elements of a prototype training programme that indisputably contributes to the urgent need for improved money management skills in South Africa.	"Financial behavior","Financial literacy","money management"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296232300043	An evaluation of the present status of the certificate in school business management	Bayat, Abdullah,Combrinck, Theodore,Naicker, Visvanathan	2011	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	5	15	None	University of the Western Cape	"Bayat, Abdullah: University of the Western Cape","Combrinck, Theodore: University of the Western Cape","Naicker, Visvanathan: University of the Western Cape"	By almost any measure, most South African public schools, and especially schools in the Western Cape, have under-performed academically. For a number of years, there has existed a wide degree of consensus among education stakeholders, and particularly in government, that the problems in our schools extend beyond mere academic under-achievement. Principals need to be occupied with the tasks of managing and leading teaching and learning, that is, instruction leadership, and not managing routine administrative matters only. In recognising the potential of school administrative personnel to provide relief and support for the administrative role of principals, the Western Cape Government initiated a training course in July, 2008 for school business administrators. The course was modelled on a very successful training course developed in the United Kingdom.	"school administration","School bursars","school business management","school evaluation",GOVERNANCE	None	None
None	None	Does globalisation impact SME development in Africa?	Mutalemwa D.K.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	2	10.1108/AJEMS-01-2015-0012	Dar-es-Salaam Campus College, Mzumbe University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Mutalemwa, D.K., Dar-es-Salaam Campus College, Mzumbe University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding and knowledge of the impact of globalisation on African small and medium enterprise (SME) development. The contribution of SMEs to manufacturing industrialisation can be viewed in the context of the changing setting of globalisation. Globalisation is a description as well as a prescription. It can be broadly defined as closer economic integration as a result of rapid advances in technology, growth of world trade and competition, and policy changes towards economic liberalisation. Globalisation can also pose a challenge on how SMEs in Africa should brace themselves to respond to – and take advantages of – the changes, and carve an appropriate position in the global competitive economy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews and synthesises the eclectic literature and also draws from the experiences of both developed and developing economies. Findings – The evidence from the literature points to several stumbling blocks that prevent African manufacturing SMEs from participating successfully in the global economy. These include problems with exports, technology, competitiveness and inter-firm linkages as well as barriers in the institutional and policy environments. Originality/value – The paper will be useful to businesses, researchers, policy makers, civil society and others interested in understanding the impact of globalisation on manufacturing SME development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Africa; Globalization; Industrialization; SMEs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926313018	Intellectual capital in ugandan service firms as mediator of board governance and firm performance	Nkundabanyanga S.K., Ntayi J.M., Ahiauzu A., Sejjaaka S.K.	2014	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	5	3	10.1108/AJEMS-06-2012-0041	Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Makerere University Business School, Kampala,	Nkundabanyanga, S.K., Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Ntayi, J.M., Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Ahiauzu, A., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Sejjaaka, S.K., Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of intellectual capital on the relationship between board governance and perceived firm financial performance. Design/methodology/approach - This study was cross-sectional. Analyses were by SPSS and Analysis of Moment Structure on a sample of 128 firms. Findings - The mediated model provides support for the hypothesis that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between board governance and perceived firm performance. while the direct relationship between board governance and firm financial performance without the mediation effect of intellectual capital was found to be significant, this relationship becomes insignificant when mediation of intellectual capital is allowed. Thus, the entire effect does not only go through the main hypothesised predictor variable (board governance) but majorly also, through intellectual capital. Accordingly, the connection between board governance and firm financial performance is very much weakened by the presence of intellectual capital in the model - confirming that the presence of intellectual capital significantly acts as a conduit in the association between board governance and firm financial performance. Overall, 36 per cent of the variance in perceived firm performance is explained. the error variance being 64 per cent of perceived firm performance itself. Research limitations/implications - The authors surveyed directors or managers of firms and although the influence of common methods variance was minimal, the non-existence of common methods bias could not be guaranteed. Although the constructs have been defined as precisely as possible by drawing upon relevant literature and theory, the measurements used may not perfectly represent all the dimensions. For example board governance concept (used here as a behavioural concept) is very much in its infancy just as intellectual capital is. Similarly the authors have employed perceived firm financial performance as proxy for firm financial performance. The implication is that the constructs used/developed can realistically only be proxies for an underlying latent phenomenon that itself is not fully measureable. Practical implications - In considering the behavioural constructs of the board, a new integrative framework for board effectiveness is much needed as a starting point, followed by examining intellectual capital in firms whose mediating effect should formally be accounted for in the board governance - financial performance equation. Originality/value - Results add to the conceptual improvement in board governance studies and lend considerable support for the behavioural perspective in the study of boards and their firm performance improvement potential. Using qualitative factors for intellectual capital to predict the perceived firm financial performance, this study offers a unique dimension in understanding the causes of poor financial © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940947761	The impact of motivations, personal values and management skills on the performance of SMEs in South Africa	Asah F., Fatoki O.O., Rungani E.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	3	10.1108/AJEMS-01-2013-0009	Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa	Asah, F., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Fatoki, O.O., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa; Rungani, E., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of motivation, personal values and managerial skills of managers on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire in a survey. Data analysis included factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings – The findings revealed significant positive relationships between motivations, personal values and managerial skills of SME owners on performance. Research limitations/implications – Access to external finance (debt or equity) is one of the factors that can impact on the performance of growing SMEs. The non-accessibility of debt finance from commercial banks and trade creditors is seen as one of the major contributing factors to the failure of SMEs in South Africa. This study did not link access to finance to performance. Practical implications – The failure rate of SMEs is very high in South Africa. The study suggests that SME owners should incorporate values and improve management skills. In addition, SMEs that are motivated by opportunity have a better chance of survival. Social implications – To reduce unemployment and poverty in South Africa. Originality/value – This study adds to the understanding of the relationship between of personal values, motivations and management skills of managers and the performance of SMEs from a developing country perspective. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Managerial skills; Motivations; Personal values; SMEs performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940924110	Competition, corporate governance and corporate performance: Substitutes or complements? Empirical evidence from Nigeria	Obembe O.B., Soetan R.O.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	3	10.1108/AJEMS-02-2012-0007	Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Obembe, O.B., Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Soetan, R.O., Department of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of interactive effect of competition and corporate governance on productivity growth of firms in Nigeria. Studies that have considered this issue were mainly from developed countries possessing strong institutions as against those of developing countries like Nigeria. Moreover, studies from Nigeria have focused exclusively on corporate governance and firm performance. The interaction effect of competition on corporate governance is yet to be addressed in the context of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts the dynamic panel data analysis approach suggested by Arellano and Bond for productivity growth analysis. Data on 76 non-financial firms for 11 years beginning from 1997 were extracted from the financial statements of companies collected from the Nigerian Stock Exchange and subsequently analysed using General Methods of Moments (GMM). Findings – The results show that competition had a positive impact on productivity growth, however, its interaction effect with corporate governance had a substitute but not significant impact on productivity growth. When competition was interacted with an alternative corporate governance mechanism – bank – a positive and significant impact was, however, observed which shows that competition and bank loans are complementary in stimulating productivity growth of firms in Nigeria. Research limitations/implications – The study could not be carried out beyond year 2007 owing to the exit of some firms after 2007 which could have reduced the sample size drastically. The findings emanating from this study suggests that government should focus much more on implementing competitive policies and bother less on writing corporate governance codes. Practical implications – The results demonstrate that corporate governance had no significant impact on productivity growth even when it was interacted with competition. However, competition on its own had a significant impact on productivity which means that Nigeria should concentrate more on building a competitive private sector, and in this regard, government should try and pursue policies that will foster competition and eliminate monopolistic tendencies. Once, there is effective competition, the corporate governance may be strengthened. However, the interactive effect of competition and bank loans was found with a positive and significant impact which indicates that banks as alternate corporate governance mechanism can only be effective if competition is strong. This goes to show that the financial sector may not be able to effectively and positively impact the real sector in Nigeria if the prevailing level of competition is low. In such a situation finance may not be channelled to projects that have long-run implications on sustainable growth and development. Social implications – Socially, if the environment for competition is not fostered in Nigeria, the country may face an uphill task in combating the problem of poverty through a private sector-led solution. Hence, there is a need for government to begin to formulate comprehensive competition policies that will ensure that resources are optimally utilized in Nigeria. Originality/value – In the context of Nigeria, this study is novel, the use of productivity growth as against firm financial performance is unique for Nigeria while the use of GMM method of analysis helps in reducing the effect of endogeneity inherent in corporate governance and performance of firms in Nigeria. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Competition; Corporate governance; GMM; Interaction effect; Nigeria; Productivity growth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650196138	Organizational retention strategies and employee performance of Zenith Bank in Nigeria	Eseme Gberevbie D.	2010	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	1	1	10.1108/20400701011028167	Department of Political Science, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	Eseme Gberevbie, D., Department of Political Science, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine employee-retention strategies and performance in the Nigerian banking sector over the period 2000-2005, with focus on Zenith Bank in Nigeria. The sector is unique in terms of its contribution to Nigeria's gross domestic product. Design/methodology/approachThe survey research design involving the use of questionnaire and structured interview to obtain primary and secondary data from relevant books, journals and the internet were adopted. The paper also adopted the χ2-analytical technique to test for significant relationship between variables. FindingsThe study revealed that it is more profitable for organizations to put in place appropriate employee-retention strategies such as good organization's image, staff participation in decision making, enhanced and regular salary package, and humane treatment of employees as strategies for organizational performance. Practical implicationsParticularly, organizations are likely to experience frequent employee turnover for as long as they fail to put in place appropriate employee-retention strategies, which is capable of preventing enhanced performance. Originality/valueThis paper provides insight into what could enhance the performance of organizations in their quest for quality service delivery and profitability. Its findings could also be a source of motivation to organizations in other sectors in the area of employee performance. © 2010, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Banking; Employees; Human resource management; Nigeria; Organizational performance; Retention	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926282757	The impact of telecommunication revenue on economic growth: Evidence from Ghana	Atsu F., Agyei C., Darbi W.P., Adjei-Mensah S.	2014	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	5	2	10.1108/AJEMS-10-2011-0076	Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana	Atsu, F., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana; Agyei, C., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana; Darbi, W.P., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana; Adjei-Mensah, S., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run impact of telecommunications revenue and telecommunications investment on economic growth of Ghana for the time horizon 1976-2007. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root test to explore the stationarity property of the variables and the Engle-Granger residual-based test of cointegration to model an appropriate restricted error correction model. Findings – The outcome of the analysis produced mixed results. Telecommunications revenue does not contribute significantly whilst telecommunications investment does. Practical implications – Policy makers will have to deal with a conundrum; while designing targeted policies that will attract more telecommunication investment in order to maximize the corresponding revenues and the economic growth it brings in its wake, they must at the same time find ways and resources to grow the economy to a point or threshold where revenue from telecommunications can have the much needed impact on their economies. Originality/value – The study is one of the first that has investigated the line of causality between telecommunication revenue and economic growth unlike previous research that mainly focused on the impact of telecommunication infrastructure on economic development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cointegration; Economic growth; Engle-Granger residual-based test; Restricted error correction model; Telecommunications investment; Telecommunications revenue	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929847425	Determinants of SMEs growth and performance in Cameroon’s central and littoral provinces’ manufacturing and retail sectors	Akinboade O.A.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	2	10.1108/AJEMS-03-2013-0033	Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Akinboade, O.A., Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss growth and performance of small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in Central and Littoral provinces of Cameroon’s manufacturing and retail sectors. Design/methodology/approach – A full survey of 700 randomly selected SMEs owner-managers was conducted though only 575 enterprises were retained for analysis after performing the coherence test. The survey was conducted in the central and littoral regions, the location of almost 70 per cent of the SMEs in Cameroon. The survey questionnaire administered consisted of about 50-60 questions covering the profile of the business owner, and business growth and performance. The full sample consists mainly of enterprises in the tertiary and secondary sectors. They were mostly retails and wholesales (supermarket, hardware shop, clothing shop, perfume shops and liquor store). Although, the secondary sector contributes 31 per cent of Cameroon's GDP and employs 15 per cent of the population, they are mostly large enterprises, with very few SMEs. Hence few businesses were interviewed in this sector. Findings – Business location affects turnover growth. The likelihood of negative growth or zero growth decreases with the age of enterprise. Increased levels of education result in improved turnover growth. There is no association of gender of with growth of business turnover. The burden imposed by municipal regulation and compliance with it negatively affects turnover growth. Time taken to be in compliance with tax regulations overall also negatively affects turnover growth. Social implications – Disseminating regulatory information to SMEs would be useful in order to improve compliance in general and newly formed enterprises located in the Littoral Province in particular. It is important to reduce regulatory burden on SMEs overall. Restrictive trade and business regulations in Africa tend to be largely devised through negotiated settlements with large corporates, and the onerous requirements tend to be inappropriate and out of reach for small, medium and micro firms. The business environment in the Littoral Province should be improved. Originality/value – Studies that examine econometric determinants of the growth of SMEs in Africa, and especially in Cameroon are few indeed. This is an area that is very crucial to examine and fully understand for policy development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cameroon; Growth and performance; Small and medium size enterprises	None	None
None	None	Impacts of population pressure and poverty alleviation strategies on common property resource availability in rural Tanzania	Madulu N.F.	2005	African Journal of Environmental Assessment and Management	10	None	None	Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35097, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Madulu, N.F., Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35097, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	This paper outlines the linkages between population pressure and common property resources availability in Tanzania. It examines on whether population pressure has an influence on diminishing common property resources at the local level and establishes the coping mechanisms of the local communities in response to new circumstances and changing environment. In the course of discussion, an attempt has been made to assess the extent to which population pressure have influenced availability of common property resources at the local level; and identify policy implications and alternatives strategies to cope with diminishing common property resources. Further analysis have been made of the extent to which poverty alleviation strategies at the local level influence non-sustainable use and degradation of common property resources. These issues require a closer examination of the circumstances under which population; development and environment linkages manifest themselves. Whereas the population has shown a continuous increase, there is less information about the rate at which the common property resources are diminishing in response to changing demographic conditions. Similarly, the impacts of various poverty alleviation strategies on diminish common property resources at the local level are not well documented. Small and large-scale mining operations in Mabuki and Maganzo villages has been used as an example to illustrate the transformation in the way local communities use and manage common property resources. The identified long-term implications of the various practices to include increased environmental degradation; accelerated food insecurity, increased poverty, diminishing common property resources, increased land use conflicts, and creation of a landless class at the village level. These implications require policy commitment and support to enable sustainable utilization of common property resources.	Commons property resources; Community conservation; Globalization; Partnership management; Population pressures; Poverty	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349107785	The impacts of past cultivation on the reptiles in a South African grassland	Masterson G.P.R., Maritz B., Mackay D., Alexander G.J.	2009	African Journal of Herpetology	58	2	None	School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Masterson, G.P.R., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maritz, B., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mackay, D., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alexander, G.J., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Habitat transformation is the primary anthropogenic threat to global biodiversity. Fragmentation of reptile populations following habitat transformation within a landscape can lead to the extirpation of species. We investigated the effects of land-use on the species richness and abundance of reptile assemblages in three habitat types (two natural and one modified) in the grasslands of Gauteng, South Africa. Using trap arrays, we surveyed reptiles in primary grassland with little or no rock cover, primary grassland with large quartzite outcrops and scattered rocks, and secondary grasslands that were historically ploughed and cropped. We measured vegetation height and vegetation cover at these same localities. We caught significantly fewer reptile species in the historically cultivated sites than in either of the two natural habitat types. Differences in the reptile assemblage of each habitat type were not explained by either the spatial location or the vegetation structure of our trap sites but were well explained by the sites' habitat type. Estimates of total species richness indicated that we were able to adequately sample the reptile assemblages in the three habitat types, further supporting our observation of reduced species richness in the secondary grasslands. We infer that habitat transformation associated with cultivation e.g., rock removal, has had a detectable, negative impact on the species richness and composition of the local reptile assemblages. We recommend that land-use planning in Gauteng emphasise the need for areas of inter-connected, untransformed habitat in order to mitigate the negative impacts of habitat transformation on the local reptile diversity ©Herpetological Association of Africa.	Cultivation; Grassland; Reptile; Sample-based rarefaction; Species richness	Reptilia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901461258	Evaluation of IgG antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and associated risk factors for severe respiratory tract infections in pre- School children in north-central, Nigeria	Faneye A., Motayo B.O., Adesanmi A., Onoja B.	2014	African Journal of Infectious Diseases	8	2	10.4314/ajid.v8i2.4	Dept. of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Microbiology Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria	Faneye, A., Dept. of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Motayo, B.O., Dept. of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Adesanmi, A., Microbiology Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Onoja, B., Dept. of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Childhood mortality and morbidity due to RSV is increasing. Our current study was aimed at determining the sero-prevalence rate of RSV IgG antibodies and investigates certain known risk factors for RSV disease severity in infants and pre-school children presenting with various forms of respiratory tract infections in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: About 280, children and 30, aged matched controls were enrolled into the study at the specialist hospital Ilorin. Blood testing for anti RSV IgG was done using a commercial ELISA kit by IVD Research Inc® Carlsbad. California U.S.A. Information regarding Nutritional status, socio-economic status and other demographic variables were collected. Results: A prevalence rate of 85.7% was recorded among tested children and 23.3%, in controls, across age groups and gender. A statistically significant difference in age groups were recorded among patients with LRTI, (p <0.05), age <1 41%, age 1 <5, 27.6%. This was also the case for children with SRTI (Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis), with age < 1yr, 9%, and 1 <5yr, 19.8%. Analysed risk factors for disease severity showed thatnutritional status of children were statistically significant for disease severity, p-value, 0.039 (Chi square test). Conclusions: We report a high level of exposure to RSV in infancy and early childhood among children from a representative population in a major central Nigerian City, further studies into neutralising antibody levels and subtype distribution of RSV are advocated.	Ilorin; Respiratory tract infection; RSV; Seroprevalence	immunoglobulin G antibody; article; child; controlled study; disease severity; female; human; infant; male; Nigeria; nutritional status; Pneumovirus infection; Respiratory syncytial pneumovirus; respiratory tract infection; risk factor; seroprevalence; social status	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953647492	Evaluation of schistosoma mansoni morbidity one year after praziquantel treatment in rhino camp and obongi in West Nile, Uganda	Odongo-Aginya E.I., Lakwo T.L., Doehring E.	2010	African Journal of Infectious Diseases	4	2	None	Gulu University, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, P.O.Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Vector Control Division, P.O.Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda; University of the Mountain of the Moon, P.O.Box 834, Fort Portal, Uganda	Odongo-Aginya, E.I., Gulu University, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, P.O.Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Lakwo, T.L., Vector Control Division, P.O.Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda; Doehring, E., University of the Mountain of the Moon, P.O.Box 834, Fort Portal, Uganda	An evaluation study on reversibility of Schistosoma mansoni induced periportal fibrosis (PF) morbidity following treatment with praziquantel, 40mg/kg body weight after one year, was carried out in Rhino Camp and Obongi all are West Nile districts in northern Uganda. To assess the reversibility of Schistosoma (S) mansoni induced PFs morbidity following treatment with praziquantel, 40mg/kg body weight after one year. The design was a Prospective cohorts study; and the setting was a busy canoe landing sites along Albert Nile in Schistosoma (S) mansoni hyperendemic areas of Rhino Camp and Obongi fishing village were selected for the study. Previously in 2005, 1562 people including fishermen and women, school pupils, teachers, and civil servants were studied in both fishing villages for S. mansoni using Kato/Katz stool smear method. Abdominal ultrasonography and sonomorphological abnormalities of periportal fibrosis were performed with Aloka portable ultrasound machine (Hellige, Freiburg, Germany) fitted with a convex probe of 3.5 mega Hertz was also performed in the field clinic on all patients who had S. mansoni eggs in their faeces. The sonomorphological abnormalities of periportal fibrosis were categorised and organomorphometry of liver and spleen was done. One thousand two hundred and seventy three 1273 (81.5%) patients in Rhino Camp and Obongi fishing villages were found to be excreting from 100 to ≥ 500 eggs per gram (epg) of faeces of S. mansoni eggs. Two hundred and eighty nine (18.5%) did not have eggs of S.mansoni in their faeces. All the 1273 patients secreting eggs of S.mansoni in their stool in Rhino Camp and Obongi fishing villages had abdominal ultrasonography and sonomorphological abnormalities of periportal fibrosis. Eight hundred and forty 840 (66%) although excreted S. mansoni eggs in their stool had Pf (0); Pf grade (I), n=259 (20.3%); Pf grade (II) n =147 (11.5%); and Pf grade (III) n=27 (2.1%) were observed.	None	praziquantel; article; deterioration; drug efficacy; echography; feces analysis; female; human; liver fibrosis; major clinical study; male; morbidity; occupation; prevalence; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; single drug dose; spleen size; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899818776	Building the South African nation through legal deposit: The impact of legislation on preservation of digital materials	Nsibirwa Z., Hoskins R., Stilwell C.	2014	African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science	24	1	None	Information Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Nsibirwa, Z., Information Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Hoskins, R., Information Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Stilwell, C., Information Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The legal deposit of and preservation of digital materials depends on the proper legislative framework and implementation of the Legal Deposit Act. This article examines the challenges related to legal instruments affecting the legal deposit of digital materials in South Africa. Two main objectives of the study upon which this article is based were to find out the systems in place to help collect and ensure long term accessibility to print and electronic publications. This included the examination of the legislative regulatory and policy framework relating to preservation and access to legal deposit materials. The different legislations reviewed included the Legal Deposit Act No. 54 of 1997, copyright laws, the Promotion of Access to Information Act No 2, 2000 and the current Protection of State Information Bill of South Africa. Four legal deposit libraries and three Official Publications Depositories (OPDs) were the units of analysis, with a population of 17 staff directly involved with legal deposit. The survey revealed that though the South African Legal Deposit Act covers electronic materials, majority of the depositories did not have policies to manage or collect these types of materials. The greatest challenge that comes with collecting and preserving electronic materials are the multifaceted issues regarding legislation, as well as the preservation of technology used to create, store and access these records in comparison with paper.	Cultural heritage; Digital materials; Legal deposit; Legal framework; Preservation; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872400047	Giving them what they want and assessing impact: Case studies of public library services in the Western Cape, South Africa	de Jager K., Nassimbeni M.	2012	African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science	22	1	None	Library and Information Studies Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa	de Jager, K., Library and Information Studies Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Nassimbeni, M., Library and Information Studies Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper focuses on the principles proposed in the "Library and Information Services Transformation Charter", exploring the extent to which two public/community libraries in the Western Cape Province of South Africa are already engaged in charter activities. Interviews were conducted with directors of the library services who identified libraries where examples of good practice were already in evidence. Two sites were thereafter selected as case studies out of a total of 98 libraries in the City of Cape Town Library and Information Service, and the nature of the charter-oriented services being provided there described. The paper concludes with an attempt to show how data may be collected to make a case for the impact of library services as part of an advocacy strategy and to secure recognition of the validity of claims by public and community libraries for partnership in national development efforts.	Impact assessment; Information services charter; Library and information services; Public libraries; South africa	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296940900003	Mentoring and its Impact on the Publication Output of Librarians in Selected Academic Libraries in South-West Nigeria	Yusuf, Felicia	2011	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION SCIENCE	21	2	None	Landmark Univ Lib	None	The paper examined the possible role of mentoring in explaining the publication output of librarians in selected academic libraries. The paper sought to find out the number of papers that the academic librarians published annually, whether they are required to publish the same number of papers for promotion to particular grades as required of mainstream academics in their universities, whether they had mentors, and their perceptions of the impact of mentoring on their publication output. Data were collected from 66 academic librarians in four purposively selected universities in South-West Nigeria. Mentoring was perceived by the librarians to have a positive impact on their publication output, and that the major constraints on their publication efforts were their routine jobs and inability to conceptualise research topics. The study recommends that upcoming academic librarians should have mentors and collaborate with their senior colleagues until they are able to acquire the necessary skills to conceptualise research and publish quality papers. They should also transfer some of their routine duties to para-professionals in their libraries in order to be able to concentrate more on research-related activities such as reading extensively other peoples' works.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000318584000008	The Impact of Accreditation Exercise on University Libraries in Kenya	Ngulube, Patrick,Odera-Kwach, Beatrice Achieng'	2013	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION SCIENCE	23	1	None	University of South Africa, Commiss Higher Educ	"Ngulube, Patrick: University of South Africa",	This paper is the result of an exploratory study of the impact of accreditation - a process of external quality assurance on university libraries in Kenya. The paper also sought the perceptions of university librarians regarding external quality assurance. The mixed research method was used for data collection. The population of the study constituted all the universities in Kenya recognised by the Commission for Higher Education. The sample frame was drawn from the list of private universities authorised to award degrees in Kenya. Based on the findings from the questionnaire survey, four purposively selected heads of university libraries were interviewed. A total of 22 (92%) out of 24 potential university librarians completed and returned the questionnaire. The results show that university librarians were aware of the purpose of accreditation as it pertains to licensing, while conformity to standards was the greatest strength of accreditation. The university librarians suggested ways of improving the accreditation process. The findings show that there were positive and negative perceptions about the accreditation process. The findings reveal that despite the differences in the universities, majority of the librarians were positive that the accreditation process had brought about significant changes in their institutions. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations for improvement of the accreditation process.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES",ACCREDITATION,"external quality assurance","IMPACT ASSESSMENT",KENYA,"MIXED METHODS RESEARCH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948180161	The impact of health service variables on healthcare access in a low resourced urban setting in the Western Cape, South Africa	Scheffler E., Visagie S., Schneider M.	2015	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	7	1	10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.820	Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Scheffler, E., Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Visagie, S., Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Schneider, M., Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Health care access is complex and multi-faceted and, as a basic right, equitable access and services should be available to all user groups. Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore how service delivery impacts on access to healthcare for vulnerable groups in an urban primary health care setting in South Africa. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with purposively sampled participants and analysed through thematic content analysis. Results: Service delivery factors are presented against five dimensions of access according to the ACCESS Framework. From a supplier perspective, the organisation of care in the study setting resulted in available, accessible, affordable and adequate services as measured against the District Health System policies and guidelines. However, service providers experienced significant barriers in provision of services, which impacted on the quality of care, resulting in poor client and provider satisfaction and ultimately compromising acceptability of service delivery. Although users found services to be accessible, the organisation of services presented them with challenges in the domains of availability, affordability and adequacy, resulting in unmet needs, low levels of satisfaction and loss of trust. These challenges fuelled perceptions of unacceptable services. Conclusion: Well developed systems and organisation of services can create accessible, affordable and available primary healthcare services, but do not automatically translate into adequate and acceptable services. Focussing attention on how services are delivered might restore the balance between supply (services) and demand (user needs) and promote universal and equitable access. © 2015. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902523905	African primary care research: Performing a programme evaluation	Dudley L.	2014	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	6	1	10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.634	Community Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Dudley, L., Community Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	This article is part of a series on Primary Care Research in the African context and focuses on programme evaluation. Different types of programme evaluation are outlined: developmental, process, outcome and impact. Eight steps to follow in designing your programme evaluation are then described in some detail: engage stakeholders; establish what is known; describe the programme; define the evaluation and select a study design; define the indicators; plan and manage data collection and analysis; make judgements and recommendations; and disseminate the findings. Other articles in the series cover related topics such as writing your research proposal, performing a literature review, conducting surveys with questionnaires, qualitative interviewing and approaches to quantitative and qualitative data analysis. © 2014. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861839504	Impact of adverse events of antiretroviral treatment on regimen change and mortality in ugandan children	Malangu N., Karamagi Y.	2010	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	2	1	10.4102/phcfm.v2i1.109	Department of Epidemiology, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Malangu, N., Department of Epidemiology, University of Limpopo, South Africa; Karamagi, Y., Department of Epidemiology, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Background: Outcomes of antiretroviral treatment have been documented in both developed and developing countries. It has been reported consistently that the treatment is associated with many adverse events. However, little is known about their impact on the quality of life, clinical management, and survival in children aged less than 6 years in Uganda. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the adverse events of antiretroviral treatment, their impact on mortality and the change in regimens prescribed to children treated at Mildway Centre in Uganda. Method: A retrospective chart review was performed for children younger than 6 years, treated since the Mildway Centre was opened in 1999. In order to achieve a larger sample, the records of children treated from January 2000 to July 2005 were included in the study. A pre-tested data collection form was used to collate socio-demographic and clinical data of the patients. These included the documented adverse events, causes of death, stage of infection, duration of treatment, regimen prescribed, year of enrolment into the treatment program, as well as whether or not they were still alive. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of data. Results: Of the 179 children, the majority were males and had a median age of 4 years. The majority (58.8%) of children had suffered from severe immune depression since they met the WHO clinical stage III and IV, 73.8% had a baseline CD4T of less than 15%. Four regimens were prescribed to the children. The most common was a regimen containing zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine (34.6%), followed by a regimen containing stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine (27.9%). Eleven children (6.1%) had their regimen changed, of which six (54.5%) were due to adverse events. The prevalence of adverse events was 8%; of the 14 documented adverse events, the most common were severe anaemia (3), vomiting (3), and skin rashes (3). After 12 months on treatment, 8% of the patients had died. The most common causes of death were infectious diseases (28.6%), severe anaemia (21.4%), and severe dehydration (21.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse events was 8%; they were responsible for 54.5% of regimen changes and 21.4% of deaths in children treated at the study site. These findings suggest the need for incorporating pharmacovigilance practices into the provision of antiretroviral treatment. © 2010. The Authors.	Adverse; Antiretroviral; Children; Events; Treatment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861890264	Evaluation of directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in the Bojanala health district, North West Province of South Africa	Tumbo J.M., Ogunbanjo G.A.	2011	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	3	1	10.4102/phcfm.v3i1.191	Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, University of Limpopo, Medunsa campus, South Africa	Tumbo, J.M., Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, University of Limpopo, Medunsa campus, South Africa; Ogunbanjo, G.A., Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, University of Limpopo, Medunsa campus, South Africa	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top public health problems in South Africa. Approximately 150 000 new cases and 10 000 TB-related deaths are reported in South Africa annually. In declaring TB a global emergency in 1993, the World Health Organization developed control strategies that include active case finding, laboratory support, directly observed treatment (DOT), contact tracing, and prevention of multidrug- and extreme drugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB). High DOT rates reported in some countries have been discordant with 'low cure' and 'high MDR' rates. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of DOT for TB in the Bojanala health district, North West Province, South Africa, by estimating the proportion of DOT use (1) amongst all TB patients and (2) in the initial TB treatment regimen compared to retreatment regimens. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 2008. Data regarding implementation of DOT were collected from eight purposefully selected primary health care clinics and one prison clinic in the health district. Upon receiving their informed consent, a questionnaire was administered to patients receiving TB treatment at the selected facilities. Results: A total of 88 (of 90 selected) patients participated in the study, of whom 50 (56.8%) were on DOT and had DOT supporters. However, 35 (40%) had never heard of DOT. DOT was used mainly for patients on the retreatment regimen (87.5%), rather than for those on first-line treatment (48.6%). Conclusion: In this South African rural health district, the DOT utilisation rate for TB was 56.8%, mainly for patients on the TB retreatment regimen. Strict implementation of DOT in all patients undergoing TB treatment is a known strategy for improving TB cure rate and preventing recurrence and drug resistance. © 2011. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861792865	Impact of demographic and psychosocial factors on hysterosalpingography pain and discomfort	Ugwu A.C., Imo A.O., Erondu O.F.	2009	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	1	1	10.4102/phcfm.v1i1.40	Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Radiology, Ebonyi State University, Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Department of Physics (Medical Physics), Rivers Sta	Ugwu, A.C., Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Imo, A.O., Department of Radiology, Ebonyi State University, Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Erondu, O.F., Department of Physics (Medical Physics), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria	Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an important diagnostic procedure in the investigation of infertility. It is the radiographic delineation of uterine and tubal cavities and is part of the diagnostic evaluation of conjugal infertility.1 This diagnostic procedure is associated with high levels of anxiety, pain and stress from various causes. This study was designed to investigate the impact of demographic and psychosocial factors on HSG pain and discomfort. Method: One hundred hysterosalpingography referrals were recruited for this study. Verbal detector scales were used to assess pain perception, Likert scales were used to assess the psychosocial variables, while visual analogue scales were used to assess discomfort. Pearson's correlations were conducted. Tests were two-tailed, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical signifi cance. Results: Some of the patients (34%) indicated that the administration of analgesics prior to the procedure reduced the pain and discomfort associated with the procedure. Mean ± standard deviation of pain and discomfort were 2.82 ± 0.77 and 6.36 ± 2.19 respectively. Age correlated signifi cantly with pain perception (r = -0.22, P < 0.05), while pain correlated signifi cantly with perception of discomfort (r = -0.46, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Age signifi cantly correlated with pain. This is a factor that could be harnessed for clinical use. © 2009. The Authors.	Discomfort; Hysterosalpingography; Infertility; Pain; Radiographic delineation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948131601	Medicines availability at a swaziland hospital and impact on patients	Shabangu K., Suleman F.	2015	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	7	1	10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.829	Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, South Africa	Shabangu, K., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Suleman, F., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, South Africa	Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries is increasing. Where patients are expected to make increased out-of-pocket payments this can lead to treatment interruptions or non-adherence. Swaziland is no exception in this regard. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the availability of medicines for NCDs in a hospital and the impact of out-of-pocket spending by patients for medicines not available at the hospital. Setting: The study was conducted at Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland. Methods: Exit interviews to assess availability of a selected basket of medicines were conducted with 300 patients diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension or asthma. The stock status record of a basket of medicines for these conditions in 2012 was assessed at the Central Medical Stores. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Results: Most of the patients (n = 213; 71%) confirmed not receiving all of their prescribed medicines at each visit to the hospital in the past six months. On average patients spent 10- 50 times more on their medicines at private pharmacies compared to user fees in the health facility. Stock-outs at the Central Medical Stores ranging from 30 days to over 180 days were recorded during the course of the assessment period (12 months), and were found to contribute to inconsistent availability of medicines in the health facility. Conclusion: Out-of-pocket expenditure is common for patients with chronic conditions using this health facility, which suggests the possibility of patients defaulting on treatment due to lack of affordability. © 2015. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948181618	How far does family physician supply correlate with district health system performance?	Dyers R.E., Mash R., Naledi T.	2015	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	7	1	10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.796	Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa; Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Dyers, R.E., Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa; Mash, R., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Naledi, T., Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa	Background: Since 2011, a new cadre of family physicians, with 4 years of postgraduate training, was deployed in the district health services of the Western Cape, and tasked with a considerable range of duties aimed at a general improvement in care and health outcomes. There is a need to evaluate the contribution of these family physicians to the district health system. Aim: To develop a methodology for describing the correlation between family physician supply and district health system performance, clinical processes and outcomes, and to measure this correlation at baseline. Method: A cross-sectional study was undertaken that analysed data at an ecological level for the period of 01 April 2011 to 31 March 2012. This was a pilot project analysing data from the first year of a 4-year project. The correlations between family physician supply and 18 health system indicators were assessed within a logic model. The supplies of other categories of staff were also measured. Results: Although most of the correlations with family physicians were positive, the study was unable to demonstrate any strong or statistically significant correlations at baseline. There were significant correlations with other categories of staff. Conclusions: This study developed a methodology for monitoring the relationship between family physician supply using routinely collected indicators of health system performance, clinical processes and outcomes over time. Additional research will also be needed to investigate the impact of family physicians and triangulate findings as this methodology has many limitations and potential confounding factors. © 2015.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861899118	Evaluation of malaria prevention strategies during pregnancy in Ndola, Zambia	Mulamba M., Mash B.	2010	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	2	1	10.4102/phcfm.v2i1.159	Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Mulamba, M., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Mash, B., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Background: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with many negative outcomes for the woman, foetus and neonate. Intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) using three doses of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP), insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS), constitute the main strategies used to prevent malaria. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies for the reduction of malaria prevalence in pregnant women. Methods: A questionnaire on socio-demographic information, history of malaria during current pregnancy and prevention strategies used was administered to 450 consecutive patients admitted into labour wards at three local clinics. From the antenatal cards, information was collected on the last menstrual period, date of each dose of SP taken, gravidity, and HIV status. A blood slide to detect Plasmodium was then collected from each woman after consent. Results: Of the participants in the study, 2.4% had a positive blood slide at term and 15.8% reported malaria during pregnancy. All the participants took at least one dose of SP with 87.6% completing the stipulated three doses. The mean gestational ages for each dose were 22.1 (SD 4.6), 29.1 (SD 4.4) and 34.4 (SD 3.9) weeks for the first, second and third dose respectively. With regard to ITNs, 79.5% had one, but only 74.1% used it regularly. IRS was completed in all three of the clinics' catchment areas. Only 23.4% used commercial insecticide. Conclusion: The measured prevalence of malaria at term in Ndola was remarkably low, although the self-reported rate during pregnancy was still high. The national targets for accessing IPTp were exceeded, although the timing of each dose needs to be improved. Access to ITNs was high, but usage needs to increase. © 2010. The Authors.	Malaria; Pregnancy; Prevention; Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958113181	The impact of the choice on termination of pregnancy act of 1996 (act 92 of 1996) on criminal abortions in the mthatha area of South Africa	Meel B.L., Kaswa R.P.	2009	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	1	1	10.4102/phcfm.v1i1.36	Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa	Meel, B.L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa; Kaswa, R.P., Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa	Background: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1996 (Act 92 of 1996) allows abortions to be legally carried out in South Africa. It is not clear how many people are utilising this service. Mthatha is a poverty-stricken area with a high rate of illiteracy. The available infrastructure, such as roads, health facilities and communication, is poor. Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital in Mthatha. The registered criminal abortion cases recorded between 1993 and 2006 were analysed. Results: There were 51 cases of criminal abortions recorded from 1993 to 2006. Of these, 32 were aborted in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy and the rest were in the second trimester. No signifi cant gender differences were observed among aborted babies. 10 of the foetuses were male and nine were female. The highest number (nine) of abortions was recorded in 1993 and in 2005. The highest number of criminal abortions (11) took place in May. Most cases (35) were concealed births and were discovered accidentally either by the public or the police. Conclusion: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1996 (Act 92 of 1996) had no impact on criminal abortions in the Mthatha area of South Africa. © 2009. The Authors.	Choice on termination of pregnancy act of 1996 (Act 92 of 1996); Criminal abortion; Foetuses; South africa; Termination	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930665037	Evaluation of universal newborn hearing screening in South African primary care	Khoza-Shangase K., Harbinson S.	2015	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	7	1	10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.769	Faculty of Humanities, Department of Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Khoza-Shangase, K., Faculty of Humanities, Department of Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Harbinson, S., Faculty of Humanities, Department of Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Background: Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHC) is the gold standard toward early hearing detection and intervention, hence the importance of its deliberation within the South African context. Aim: To determine the feasibility of screening in low-risk neonates, using Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs), within the Midwife Obstetric Unit (MOU) three-day assessment clinic at a Community Health Centre (CHC), at various test times following birth. Method: Within a quantitative, prospective design, 272 neonates were included. Case history interviews, otoscopic examinations and Distortion Product OAEs (DPOAEs) screening were conducted at two sessions (within six hours and approximately three days after birth). Data were analysed via descriptive statistics. Results: Based on current staffing profile and practice, efficient and comprehensive screening is not successful within hours of birth, but is more so at the MOU three-day assessment clinic. Significantly higher numbers of infants were screened at session 2, with significantly less false-positive results. At session 1, only 38.1% of the neonates were screened, as opposed to more than 100% at session 2. Session 1 yielded an 82.1% rate of false positive findings, a rate that not only has important implications for the emotional well-being of the parents; but also for resource-stricken environments where expenditure has to be accounted for carefully. Conclusion: Current findings highlight the importance of studying methodologies to ensure effective reach for hearing screening within the South African context. These findings argue for UNHS initiatives to include the MOU three-day assessment to ensure that a higher number of neonates are reached and confounding variables such as vernix have been eliminated. © 2015. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866183320	The impact of brief quality improvement (QI) projects by medical students in primary care in Gauteng or the North West Province, South Africa	van Deventer C., Sondzaba N.	2012	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	4	1	10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.383	Family Physician, Dr Kenneth Kaunda District, North West Province, South Africa; Department of Family Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	van Deventer, C., Family Physician, Dr Kenneth Kaunda District, North West Province, South Africa, Department of Family Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Sondzaba, N., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Background: The Integrated Primary Care (IPC) rotation is undertaken over six weeks by final year medical students at the University of Witwatersrand. Students are placed in either rural or urban primary health care centres based in Gauteng or the North West Province. As part of the IPC rotation, students undertake short quality improvement (QI) projects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the QI projects undertaken over the period stretching from 2006 to 2010. Methods: An observational study of QI reports done by students. Project reports assessed and compared to site marks, indicators of learning assessed and individual and group marks compared. Results: Of 274 projects undertaken, 223 (81.4%) were available for evaluation. Geographical placements and QI themes were categorised. Management issues were most frequently identified as being problematic followed by chronic illnesses. Understanding and applying the principles of QI was partially achieved and gaps were identified for future projects. The most common intervention was training of personnel and design and distribution of posters or pamphlets. Conclusions: Most QI projects were well thought out and relevant to the chosen setting. In the majority of cases, a great deal of effort and creativity went into the process and skills other than clinical skills were employed such as writing, presentation of data in graphs and tables. Integration of theory and practice was achieved only partially. © 2012. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861894251	Impact of pharmacists' intervention on the knowledge of HIV infected patients in a public sector hospital of KwaZulu-Natal	Govender S., Esterhuizen T., Naidoo P.V.	2011	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	3	1	10.4102/phcfm.v3i1.258	School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Programme of Biostatistics, Research Ethics and Medical Law, College of Health Sciences, South Africa	Govender, S., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Esterhuizen, T., Programme of Biostatistics, Research Ethics and Medical Law, College of Health Sciences, South Africa; Naidoo, P.V., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Background: The study site started its roll-out of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention of mother-to-child transmission in 2006. All patients were counselled by trained counsellors, before seeing a doctor. At the pharmacy the medicines were collected with no intense counselling by a pharmacist as the patients would have visited the trained counsellors first. Subsequently it was found that there were many queries regarding HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thus a dedicated antiretroviral pharmacy managed by a pharmacist was established to support the counsellors. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a pharmacist intervention on the knowledge gained by HIV and AIDS patients with regard to the disease, antiretroviral drug use (i.e. how the medication is taken, its storage and the management of side effects) as well as adherence to treatment. Method: This study was undertaken at a public sector hospital using anonymous structured questionnaires and was divided into three phases: pre-intervention, intervention and postintervention phases. After obtaining patient consent the questionnaires were administered during the first phase. A month later all patients who visited the pharmacy were counselled intensely on various aspects of HIV and antiretroviral medication. Thereafter patients who participated in Phase 1 were asked to participate in the second phase. After obtaining their consent again, the same questionnaire was administered to them. Quantitative variables were compared between pre-intervention and post-intervention stages by using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Categorical variables were compared using McNemar's Chisquare test (Binary) or McNemar-Bowker test for ordinal variables. Results: Overall the mean knowledge score on the disease itself had increased significantly (s.d. 6.6%), (p < 0.01), after the pharmacists' intervention (pre-intervention was 82.1% and post-intervention was 86.3%). A significant improvement was noted in the overall knowledge score with regard to medicine taking and storage (p < 0.05) and the management of the side effects. There was a non-significant difference between the adherence in pre-intervention and in post-intervention (p = 0.077). Conclusion: Pharmacists' intervention had a positive impact on HIV infected patients' HIV and AIDS knowledge on both the disease and on the antiretroviral drug use and storage. © 2011. The Authors.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000305821500007	The impact of a psychiatry clinical rotation on the attitude of Nigerian medical students to psychiatry	Abayomi, O.,Adebowale, T. O.,Adelufosi, A. O.,Ogunwale, A.,Ojo, T. M.	2012	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY	15	3	10.4314/ajpsy.v15i3.24	Neuropsychiat Hosp	None	Objective: Undergraduate medical students have ingrained and often negative attitudes towards psychiatry as a field and as a career. This in turn has affected recruitment of graduate medical students into the specialty Little is known about the impact of psychiatry rotations during undergraduate medical training on students' attitudes about psychiatry and eventual specialty choice in developing countries. This study examined the impact of a psychiatry clinical rotation on medical students' attitudes to psychiatry and possible career choice. Method: Eighty-one and one hundred and six fifth year medical students completed the ATP-30, socio-demographic and career choice questionnaires at the beginning and the end of a four week clinical rotation respectively Results: The overall attitude of the students to psychiatry was favourable at the beginning of the rotation with significant improvement following the rotation (p=0.003). Significant improvement in attitude was observed among female and younger students. Students who indicated preference for specialties other than psychiatry showed a greater improvement in their attitude to psychiatry following the rotation (p=0.011). The rotation however did not enhance students' preference for psychiatry as a future career. Conclusion: The four-week clinical rotation in psychiatry resulted in increased mean attitudinal score, but not in enhanced preference for psychiatry as a career.	ATTITUDE,"MEDICAL STUDENTS",NIGERIA,PSYCHIATRY,CAREER,CHOICE,SCHOOL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904361608	Depressive symptoms, burnout and the impact of events in non-professional volunteer counselors in Durban, South Africa	Vawda N.B.M.	2014	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	17	2	10.4172/1994-8220.SL1000101	Department of Behavioral Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 605 Exeter Hall, 24 Sol Harris Crescent, Durban, 4001, South Africa	Vawda, N.B.M., Department of Behavioral Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 605 Exeter Hall, 24 Sol Harris Crescent, Durban, 4001, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	adult; article; avoidance behavior; Beck Depression Inventory; burnout; clinical article; coping behavior; counseling; depersonalization; depression; emotional stress; female; human; Maslach Burnout Inventory; productivity; psychologic test; psychometry; religion; risk factor; South Africa; violence; voluntary worker; volunteer counselor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890192789	Screening a heterogeneous elderly South African population for cognitive impairment: The utility and performance of the Mini-Mental State Examination, six item screener, subjective memory rating scale and deterioration cognitive observee	Ramlall S., Chipps J., Bhigjee A.I., Pillay B.J.	2013	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	16	6	10.4314/ajpsy.v16i6.57	Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Ramlall, S., Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Chipps, J., Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bhigjee, A.I., Department of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, B.J., Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Objective: The aim of this study was to report on the prevalence of cognitive impairment, and to assess the performance and utility of subjective, objective and informant screening tools in a heterogeneous community sample. Method: A sample of 302 elderly participants (>60 years) living in residential homes in a large city in South Africa were screened for the presence of cognitive impairment using objective (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Six Item Screener-[SIS]), subjective (Subjective Memory Complaint [SMC]and Subjective Memory Rating Scale [SMRS]) and informant (Deterioration Cognitive Observee [DECO]) screening tools. All tools were compared to the MMSE and the influence of demographic variables on the performance on these tools was considered. Results: Significantly lower MMSE scores were found in participants aged 80-89 years (p= .023) and those who had 8-11 years of education (p= .002). For every one additional year of education, participants were 0.71 times less likely to screen positive on the MMSE. Differential item functioning on various components of the MMSE was demonstrated due to the effects of education, race and gender. There was significant differential performance between the recommended and alternate attention/concentration items (p<.001) with the alternate item favouring better performance. Based on the MMSE cutoffscore of < 23, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 16.9%; the prevalence yielded by the remaining tools ranged from 10.5% using the DECO to 46% as determined by the presence of a SMC. Using the MMSE as the reference standard for the presence of cognitive impairment, the SIS, SMC, SMRS and DECO had sensitivities of 82.3%, 54.6%, 17.0% and 37.5%, and specificities of 71.3%, 57.6%, 87.4% and 96.7% respectively. Age and race influenced performance on the MMSE, SIS and SMRS. Conclusion: Different types of cognitive screening tools yielded varying sensitivities and specificities for identifying cognitive impairment when compared to the MMSE. The influence of race, age and education on test performance highlights the need for suitable, culture-fair screening tools. Locally, the alternate item for attention/concentration should be preferred.	Dementia; MMSE; Screening; South africa; Subjective memory complaints	age; aged; article; cognitive defect; depression; Deterioration Cognitive Observee; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease association; educational status; ethnicity; female; human; major clinical study; male; Mini Mental State Examination; outcome assessment; prevalence; scoring system; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; sex ratio; Six Item Screener; South Africa; Subjective Memory Compliant; Subjective Memory Rating Scale; very elderly	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348987743	The impact of war experiences and physical abuse on formerly abducted boys in Northern Uganda	Amone-P'Olak K., Garnefski N., Kraaij V.	2007	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	10	2	None	Department of Psychology, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands	Amone-P'Olak, K., Department of Psychology, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Garnefski, N., Department of Psychology, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Kraaij, V., Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands	Objective: In this article, war experiences and the impact of physical abuse on formerly abducted boys in Northern Uganda are assessed. Method: In a cross-sectional self-report design, Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IES-R), War Experiences Checklist questionnaires were administered to 216 formerly abducted boys between August and November 2004 and data from records at three rehabilitation centres were retrospectively assessed and analysed. Results: The boys were exposed to war events, participated in atrocities, were physically abused, and manifested many signs and symptoms of post traumatic stress. Consequently, many were psychologically distressed at the time of the study. Conclusions: The psychosocial intervention activities proposed include teaching better coping skills, entrepreneurial skills training, and provision of micro credit facilities.	Physical abuse; Psychosocial intervention; PTS; Uganda; War	adolescent; adult; article; child abuse; coping behavior; cross-sectional study; distress syndrome; experience; human; Impact of Events Scale; major clinical study; male; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychosocial care; questionnaire; school child; self report; Uganda; war	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69949095265	Level of maternal education and performance of Black, South African infants on the 1996 Griffiths Mental DevelopmentScales	Cockcroft K., Amod Z., Soellaart B.	2008	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	11	1	None	School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Cockcroft, K., School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Amod, Z., School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Soellaart, B., School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objective: The study compared the performance on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales of Black, South African infants with mothers who had twelve or more years of education and who were professionally employed with infants of mothers with fewer than twelve years of education and who were employed in non-professional jobs. Method: The sample consisted of 40 infants (aged 13-16 months), to whom the Griffiths Mental Development Scales was administered. Results: The infants with professional mothers performed significantly better than their counterparts with non-professional mothers on the General Quotient, as well as on the Locomotor Scale. While maternal level of education did not appear to distinguish between infants in terms of social, fine motor, language, hearing, processing speed or practical reasoning, it did discriminate in terms of gross-motor functioning. Conclusion: It is suggested that, as the infant develops, the skills assessed by the Griffiths Scales, which are initially differentiated, become increasingly interrelated. Consequently, poor gross-motor skills, which may be more likely in infants from a low socio-economic status, may have far-reaching implications. Thus, it is important to consider maternal level of education and the socio-economic status background of the infant, as this may influence overall performance on the Scales.	Developmental assessment; Griffiths mental development scales; Maternal level of education	academic achievement; Africa south of the Sahara; article; auditory system function; child; child development; controlled study; educational status; female; Griffith Mental Development Scale; human; intelligence quotient; language ability; male; mental development; mental performance; mother child relation; motor performance; rating scale; social behavior; social status; thinking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952329072	Evaluation of the implementation of family life and HIV education programme in Nigeria	Udegbe B.I., Fayehun F., Isiugo-Abanihe U.C., Nwagwu W., Isiugo-Abanihe I., Nwokocha E.	2015	African Journal of Reproductive Health	19	2	None	Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Africa Regional Centre for Information Science, University of Ibadan and Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Pretor	Udegbe, B.I., Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Fayehun, F., Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Isiugo-Abanihe, U.C., Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nwagwu, W., Africa Regional Centre for Information Science, University of Ibadan and Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Isiugo-Abanihe, I., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nwokocha, E., Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Family Life and HIV Education (FLHE) programme was introduced nationwide in Nigeria in 2003. Since then little is known about the patterns of its implementation across the states in the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. This study represents an attempt to fill this lacuna in the FLHE literature in Nigeria. Quantitative data was collected from the Federal Ministry of Education and the State Ministries of Education on all salient aspects of FLHE implementation. The findings from data collected in 35 states and the Abuja Federal Capital Territory show large variations in the year of adoption of the programme, level of implementation of the programme, the proportion of implementing schools that are reporting to the coordinating government ministries/agencies, the level to which schools have been supplied with relevant curriculum, and promptness of distribution of materials across the zones. All these indices did not show significant level of interdependence. In general, there were higher levels of FLHE activities in the South than the North. Several problems affect implementation of FLHE in Nigeria, most of which will require increased financial and technical support from government and other organizations. The FLHE programme has had positive effects in the states and among schools where the implementation has been effective, underscoring the need for a more effective implementation of the programmes throughout the country. © 2015, Women's Health and Action Research Centre. All rights reserved.	Advocacy; Budgetary allocation; Curriculum; FLHE; Nigeria; Sexuality education	curriculum; economics; HIV Infections; human; Nigeria; organization and management; program evaluation; sexual education; Curriculum; HIV Infections; Humans; Nigeria; Program Evaluation; Sex Education	None
WoS	WOS:000257576500004	Evaluation of a safer male circumcision training programme for traditional surgeons and nurses in the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Kanta, Xola,Nqeketo, Ayanda,Peltzer, Karl,Petros, George	2008	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES	5	4	None	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa, University of the Free State, Impilo Ya Bantu Hlth	None	Training designed to improve circumcision knowledge, attitude and practice was delivered over 5 days to 34 traditional surgeons and 49 traditional nurses in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Training included the following topics: initiation rites; statutory regulation of traditional male circumcision and initiation into Manhood (TCIM); structure and function of the male sex organs; procedure of safe circumcision, infection control; sexually transmitted infections (STIs); HIV/AIDS; infection control measures; aftercare of the initiate including after care of the circumcision wound and initiate as a whole; detection and early management of common complications of circumcision; nutrition and fluid management; code of conduct and ethics; and sexual health education. The evaluation of the training consisted of a prospective assessment of knowledge and attitude immediately prior to and after training. Significant improvement in knowledge and/or attitudes was observed in legal aspects, STI, HIV and environmental aspects, attitudes in terms of improved collaboration with biomedical health care providers, normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology, sexually transmitted infections and including HIV, circumcision practice and aftercare of initiates. We concluded that safer circumcision training can be successfully delivered to traditional surgeons and nurses.	ATTITUDES,"EASTERN CAPE",evaluation,KNOWLEDGE,"safer male circumcision","SOUTH AFRICA","traditional nurses","traditional surgeons","training programme",HEALERS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000273205500010	EVALUATION OF A SAFER MALE CIRCUMCISION TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR NDEBELE TRADITIONAL SURGEONS AND NURSES IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA: USING DIRECT OBSERVATION OF CIRCUMCISION PROCEDURES	Banyini, Mercy,Kanta, Xola,Peltzer, Karl	2010	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES	7	2	None	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa, University of the Free State, Impilo Ya Bantu Hlth	"Banyini, Mercy: Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa",	The aim of this study was to assess the safety of traditional male circumcision practices among Ndebele traditional surgeons following a five days training by direct observation of circumcision procedures. The sample included eight Ndebele traditional surgeons and traditional nurses and 86 initiates (abakhwetwa) from two districts in Gauteng province in South Africa. A structured observations tool was administered by a trained research doctor during circumcisions and (wound) care of the initiates of the trained traditional surgeons. Results indicate that from the observations of 86 traditional male circumcisions a high number (37%) of adverse events were recorded (excessive bleeding, excessive skin removed and damage to the penis) and in six cases the use of one instrument for the circumcision was observed. Before scaling up and/or considering integration traditional male circumcision services into medical male circumcision services in South Africa, a careful strategy to minimize unnecessary morbidity, and fundamental improvements on current traditional male circumcision techniques, are required. In addition, legislation and control of traditional male circumcision in Gauteng province, where the study took place, are recommended to make traditional male circumcision safer and to prevent adverse events to happen.	,"EASTERN CAPE",HIV	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937074095	Is South Africa's 20 years of democracy in crisis? Examining the impact of unrest incidents in local protests in the post-apartheid South Africa	Mkhize M.C.	2015	African Security Review	24	2	10.1080/10246029.2015.1038285	Centre for Military Studies (CEMIS), Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Mkhize, M.C., Centre for Military Studies (CEMIS), Stellenbosch University, South Africa	This article assesses South Africa's 20 years of democracy, which has frequently been bedevilled by local protests. This article is particularly interested in those unrest incidents that have been distinct for one reason or another. In South Africa, the surge in local unrest incidents is often linked to police behaviour, which has become increasingly militant and brutal when quelling protests. While the right to protest is constitutional, the damage caused during protest action can be immense owing to acts of violence. Protestors' resorting to violent protest action is often linked to increased frustrations as a result of the government's inability to live up to the expectations of marginalised and poor communities. While this article draws primarily on existing scholarly debates focusing on social protests, the primary objective is to examine the impact of unrest incidents on local protests in post-apartheid South Africa. The article further argues that ‘spaces’ for participation in local governance should be created so that citizens can become architects of development and their own future. © 2015 Institute for Security Studies.	globalisation; grassroots resistance; local protests; neoliberalism; police brutality; South Africa; spaces of participation; unrest incidents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900521533	They protect us, but are they using protection? The potential impact of HIV on the South African Police Service	George G., Gow J.	2014	African Security Review	23	2	10.1080/10246029.2014.902387	Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia	George, G., Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Gow, J., The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia	The drivers of HIV/AIDS in the South African Police Service (SAPS) and impact of the disease on this workforce are neglected areas of research. Existing evidence suggests that while the occupational risk for contracting HIV is low, there are factors associated with the profession that, if left unmanaged, place police officers at risk of contracting HIV. This study's two aims are to identify the potential pathways of HIV infection within policing services and determine the probable impact of HIV/AIDS on SAPS. Through a systematic literature review on HIV/AIDS within police services, and by analysing selected SAPS human resource data, the causal pathways and impact of HIV/AIDS on police services are explored. The study finds that police officers (particularly male officers) are likely to be highly susceptible to HIV infection as a result of risky sexual behaviours born out of occupational characteristics such as high levels of stress, difficult working conditions, living away from home and interactions with sex workers. The problem is exacerbated by the 'macho' culture that often prevails among police officers. HIV/AIDS interventions within SAPS must focus on sustained behaviour change. Further, HIV programmes must equip officers with the knowledge and awareness to avoid engaging in high-risk sexual practices that may compromise their health and the effectiveness of the policing service. © 2014 Institute for Security Studies.	drivers; HIV/AIDS; impact; South African Police Service	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874405623	The impact of crime on inbound tourism to South Africa: An application of the bounds test	Moyo B., Ziramba E.	2013	African Security Review	22	1	10.1080/10246029.2012.737815	The Department of Economics, The University of South Africa, South Africa; The Department of Economics, The University of Namibia, Namibia	Moyo, B., The Department of Economics, The University of South Africa, South Africa; Ziramba, E., The Department of Economics, The University of Namibia, Namibia	The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various types of crimes on tourist inflows to South Africa using an ARDL bounds test approach. We used monthly data for the period March 2003 to April 2011 and found that crime in the form of car hijackings, sexual crimes, murder and kidnapping have a long run and short run negative impact on tourist visits to South Africa. World income and lagged tourist visits were found to have a positive effect on tourist inflows suggesting that tourism is a luxury good and the experience that visitors have about the country is important. These results call for the government and players in the tourism sector, as well as other crime prevention units in the country, to come up with strategies for dealing with crime. Beefing up security systems and personnel and ensuring police visibility in all places, particularly at these tourist attractions, should be considered. Information should be provided to tourists, warning them about dangerous or crime-prone areas that should be avoided at all costs, as ensuring the safety and comfort of visitors is not only important for encouraging more visitations but also for ensuring sustainable tourism growth, employment creation and poverty alleviation. © 2013 Institute for Security Studies.	Bounds test; Inbound tourism; Violent crimes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921649703	Financial performance of local government in Limpopo province, 2010-2012	Mamogale M.J.	2014	African Studies Quarterly	15	1	None	Limpopo Provincial Legislature, South Africa; Wits Graduate School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Mamogale, M.J., Limpopo Provincial Legislature, South Africa, Wits Graduate School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Governance problems mar local government in South Africa's Limpopo Province, especially in relation to financial management. The province received the highest rate of unsatisfactory audit outcomes between 2010 and 2012 of any province in South Africa. This paper examines the various explanations for this situation and uses the datasets from the Afrobarometer and the audit outcome reports to compare the financial performance of the Limpopo local government and its municipalities with that of other South African provinces. One key finding is that employment recruitment patterns have a major influence on financial performance of the municipalities. In particular, an "informal" cadre recruitment approach has a negative impact on local government's financial performance. The paper thus concludes that the governing African National Congress has used a strategy that disregards competitive recruitment practices and rewards party members and those affiliated with the party with access to employment, especially in local government, which has detrimental effects on financial management of municipalities. © University of Florida Board of Trustees, a public corporation of the State of Florida.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907189559	Jogoo la shambani haliwiki mjini: The village and the town in the Mũgithi and one-man guitar performances in Kenya	Mutonya M.W.	2014	African Studies Quarterly	14	4	None	University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Mutonya, M.W., University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	The 1990s marked an emergence of a relatively new genre in the contours of Kenyan popular culture. The Mũgithi performance signaled a beginning of new directions, largely in Kenyan music and specifically in the contemporary Gikuyu music in terms of themes and style. The performance, mostly an urban phenomenon dominated by Gĩkũyũ one-man guitarists, is a major site for negotiation of identities and incorporates the interface and interplay between the traditional and the contemporary, especially in the urban setting. This article highlights the inherent contradictions in creation and re-creation of urban identities as expressed in this music. The main argument is that identities are always contested and different socio-economic situations call for a negotiation, if not a re-negotiation of identities. © University of Florida Board of Trustees.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19144362045	The impact of adult mortality on the living arrangements of older people in rural South Africa	Hosegood V., Timæus I.M.	2005	Ageing and Society	25	3	10.1017/S0144686X0500365X	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Hosegood, V., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Timæus, I.M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	This paper examines changes in households with older people in a northern rural area of KwaZulu Natal province, South Africa, between January 2000 and January 2002. The focus is the impact of adult deaths, especially those from AIDS, on the living arrangements of older people. The longitudinal data are from the Africa Centre Demographic Information System. In 2000, 3,657 older people (women aged 60 years or older, men 65 years or older) were resident in the area, and 3,124 households had at least one older member. The majority (87%) of older people lived in three-generation households. Households with older people were significantly poorer, more likely to be headed by a woman, and in homesteads with poorer quality infrastructure than households without older members. By January 2002, 316 (8%) of the older people in the sample had died. Of all the households with an older person, 12 per cent experienced at least one adult death from AIDS. The paper shows that older people, particularly those living alone or with children in the absence of other adults, were living in the poorest households. They were also coping with an increasing burden of young adult deaths, the majority of which were attributable to AIDS. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	Adult children; AIDS; Children; HIV; Household composition; Mortality; Older people; South Africa	elderly population; household structure; mortality; rural area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749184301	'This is where we buried our sons': People of advanced old age coping with the impact of the AIDS epidemic in a resource-poor setting in rural Uganda	Seeley J., Wolff B., Kabunga E., Tumwekwase G., Grosskurth H.	2009	Ageing and Society	29	1	10.1017/S0144686X08007605	School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Seeley, J., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Wolff, B., Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kabunga, E., Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Tumwekwase, G., Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Grosskurth, H., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Much research on the impact of HIV and AIDS on older people fails to differentiate between age groups, and treats those aged from 50 years to the highest ages as homogeneous. The 'oldest old' or those aged over 75 years may be particularly vulnerable through declining health and independence as a result of the AIDS epidemic, which has forced some to take on roles that younger relatives would have performed had they lived. In this paper we describe the past and current experience of eight people in advanced old age living in rural Uganda who were informants for an ethnographic study of the impact of HIV and AIDS on households during 1991-92 and again in 2006-07. The aim of the study was to understand how they had coped with the impacts of the epidemic. From the eight case studies, it is concluded that family size, socio-economic status and some measure of good fortune in sustained good health enabled these people to live to an advanced age. While we recommend that targeted social protection is important in helping the poorest among the oldest, we suggest that sustaining respect for age and experience, and ensuring that older people do not feel discarded by family and society are as important as meeting their practical needs. © 2008 Cambridge University Press.	Impact of HIV and AIDS; Older people; Oldest old; Uganda	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; elderly population; epidemic; human immunodeficiency virus; low income population; rural area; socioeconomic conditions; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745321309	The differential impact of social-pension income on household poverty alleviation in three South African ethnic groups	Ferreira M.	2006	Ageing and Society	26	3	10.1017/S0144686X0600482X	The Albertina and Walter Sisulu Institute of Ageing in Africa, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Ferreira, M., The Albertina and Walter Sisulu Institute of Ageing in Africa, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Social pension programmes play a key role in old-age support systems through their ability to reach vulnerable older persons. Pension income helps to sustain households affected by extreme poverty and vulnerability, by providing resources for spending that protects against vulnerability, and thereby they facilitate economic and social development. Under apartheid, South Africa's citizens were categorised according to race, and persons classified as Asian, black and coloured (mixed race) had less access to the opportunities and resources available to whites. Parity in the amount of social pension benefits paid to beneficiaries in the different ethnic categories was achieved only in 1993. The Non-Contributory Pensions and Poverty Study, conducted in Brazil and South Africa, has assessed the impact of social pension income on household poverty alleviation. This paper draws on the findings of the South African survey to analyse the differential effects of pension income on household poverty alleviation in three ethnic-geographic groups. Its data show a pervasive social and economic gradient of disadvantage among the groups, with rural-black households being most disadvantaged, urban-coloured households least disadvantaged, and urban-black households in between. The impact of pension income on household poverty alleviation has a similar pattern. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the achievement of equity through informed policy interventions. © 2006 Cambridge University Press.	Equity; Ethnicity; Policy; Poverty alleviation; Social pensions; South Africa	black population; ethnicity; household income; household survey; pension system; poverty alleviation; social impact; social policy; Africa; Asia; Eurasia; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929151683	Evaluation of serum antioxidants in age-related hearing loss	Lasisi T.J., Lasisi A.O.	2015	Aging Clinical and Experimental Research	27	3	10.1007/s40520-014-0282-3	Departments of Physiology and Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Lasisi, T.J., Departments of Physiology and Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lasisi, A.O., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been linked to the shift in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio. Our objectives were to assess serum levels of retinol and zinc among the elderly individuals and to correlate the levels with hearing threshold.Methods: Prospective study of apparently healthy individuals aged ≥60 years of age. Participants had complete clinical history, physical examination and pure tone average conducted. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of retinol and zinc. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare retinol and zinc values. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between hearing threshold and serum levels of retinol and zinc.Results: Among 126 elderly participants with mean age 67 ± 2.7 years; the mean pure tone average for air conduction was 29.3 ± 1.6 dBHL while the mean bone conduction was 36.5 ± 1.8 dBHL. The median values of serum retinol and zinc levels in the elderly participants who had hearing loss in the speech frequencies were 52 and 83.3 μg/L, respectively, while among participants with normal hearing threshold, values were 50 and 89.9 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.59 and 0.99, respectively). For the high frequencies, the median value of serum retinol and zinc levels among the elderly participants with normal hearing threshold was 70.3 and 99.9 μg/L, while among those with hearing loss, it was 46.9 and 83.2 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively).Conclusion: Serum retinol and zinc levels were significantly lower among elderly with hearing loss involving the high frequencies. This is added evidence to extant literature on the possible role of antioxidants in the development of ARHL and suggests further study on the effect of antioxidants supplementation in the control of ARHL which is presently controversial and inconclusive. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Age related hearing loss; Antioxidants; Elderly; Hearing threshold; Retinol; Zinc	retinol; zinc; adult; age related hearing loss; aged; air conduction; Article; auditory threshold; blood sampling; bone conduction; correlation coefficient; female; hearing impairment; human; major clinical study; male; pure tone audiometry; rank sum test; speech articulation; zinc blood level	None
WoS	WOS:000259794900001	Impact of cooperatives on smallholders' commercialization behavior: evidence from Ethiopia	Bernard, Tanguy,Gabre-Madhin, Eleni,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum	2008	AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS	39	2	10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00324.x	International Food Policy Research Institute, African Ctr Econ & Hist Studies, Int Food Policy Res Inst	"Bernard, Tanguy: International Food Policy Research Institute","Gabre-Madhin, Eleni: International Food Policy Research Institute",	This article examines the impact of marketing cooperatives on smallholder commercialization of cereals using detailed household data in rural Ethiopia. We use the strong government role in promoting the establishment of cooperatives to justify the use of: propensity score matching to compare households that are cooperative members to similar households in comparable areas without cooperatives. The analysis reveals that although cooperatives obtain higher prices for their members, they are not associated with it significant increase in the overall share of cereal production sold commercially by their members. However, these average results hide considerable heterogeneity across households. In particular, we find that smaller farmers tend to reduce their marketed Output as a result of higher prices, whereas the opposite is true for larger farmers.	cooperatives,"MARKET PARTICIPATION","PROGRAM EVALUATION","propensity score matching",EASTERN,FARMERS,INDIA,INVESTMENTS,MARKET-EFFICIENCY,MODEL,PROPENSITY-SCORE,RISK,"SOUTHERN AFRICA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920155060	The impact of HIV exposure and maternal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on infant immune responses to bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination	Jones C.E., Hesseling A.C., Tena-Coki N.G., Scriba T.J., Chegou N.N., Kidd M., Wilkinson R.J., Kampmann B.	2015	AIDS	29	2	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000536	Academic Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St george'S, University of London, Mail point J2C, Level 2, Jenner Wing, London, United Kingdom; Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; DST/NRF Ctr. of Excellence for Biomed. TB Research and MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Division of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Vaccinology Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia	Jones, C.E., Academic Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St george'S, University of London, Mail point J2C, Level 2, Jenner Wing, London, United Kingdom; Hesseling, A.C., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Tena-Coki, N.G., Academic Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Scriba, T.J., South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Chegou, N.N., DST/NRF Ctr. of Excellence for Biomed. TB Research and MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Kidd, M., Division of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wilkinson, R.J., MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Kampmann, B., Academic Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Vaccinology Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Banjul, Gambia	Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effect of maternal HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection on cellular responses to bacille Calmette- Guérin (BCG) immunization. Design: A mother-infant cohort study. Methods: Samples were collected from mother-infant pairs at delivery. Infants were BCG-vaccinated at 6 weeks of age and a repeat blood sample was collected from infants at 16 weeks of age. BCG-specific T-cell proliferation and intracellular cytokine expression were measured by flow cytometry. Secreted cytokines and chemokines in cell culture supernatants were analysed using a Multiplex assay. Results: One hundred and nine (47 HIV-exposed and 62 HIV-unexposed) mother-infants pairs were recruited after delivery and followed longitudinally. At birth, proportions of mycobacteria-specific proliferating T cells were not associated with either in-utero HIV exposure or maternal Mtb sensitization. However, in-utero HIV exposure affected infant-specific T-cell subsets [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) single positive proliferating CD4+ T cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), TNF-α dualpositive CD4+ T cells]. Levels of TNF-α protein in cell culture supernatants were also significantly higher in HIV-exposed infants born to Mtb-sensitized mothers. In the presence of maternal Mtb sensitization, frequencies of maternal and newborn BCG-specific proliferating CD4+ T cells were positively correlated. Following BCG vaccination, there was no demonstrable effect of HIV exposure or maternal Mtb infection on infant BCG-specific T-cell proliferative responses or concentrations of secreted cytokines and chemokines. Conclusion: Effects of maternal HIV and Mtb infection on infant immune profiles at birth are transient only, and HIV-exposed, noninfected infants have the same potential to respond to and be protected by BCG vaccination as HIV-unexposed infants. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	Bacille Calmette-Gué rin; HIV infection; HIV-exposed; Immunogenicity; Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; Uninfected infants; Vaccination	BCG vaccine; chemokine; cytokine; gamma interferon; nevirapine; tumor necrosis factor alpha; zidovudine; Article; birth; blood sampling; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell culture; controlled study; delivery; female; flow cytometry; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; immunization; infancy; infant; lung tuberculosis; lymphocyte proliferation; major clinical study; mother; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; sensitization; supernatant	084323, Medical Research Council; 088316, Medical Research Council; GR 077273, Medical Research Council; MC-UP-A900/115, MRC, Medical Research Council; MR/K007602/1, MRC, Medical Research Council; MR/K011944/1, MRC, Medical Research Council; U1175.02.0002
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649260008	Decline in early life mortality in a high HIV prevalence rural area of South Africa: Evidence of HIV prevention or treatment impact?	Ndirangu J., Newell M.-L., Tanser F., Herbst A.J., Bland R.	2010	AIDS	24	4	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328335cff5	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, United States; Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, United Kingdom	Ndirangu, J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, United States; Tanser, F., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Herbst, A.J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Bland, R., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, United Kingdom	OBJECTIVE: We present early life mortality rates in a largely rural population with high antenatal HIV prevalence, and investigate temporal and spatial associations with a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme, an HIV treatment programme, and maternal HIV. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: All births from January 2000 to January 2007 to women in the Africa Centre demographic surveillance were included. Under-two child mortality rates (U2MR) computed as deaths per 1000 live-births per year; factors associated with mortality risk assessed with Weibull regression. Availability of PMTCT (single-dose nevirapine; sdNVP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a programme included in multivariable analysis. Results: Eight hundred and forty-eight (6.2%) of 13 583 children under 2 years died. Deaths in under twos declined by 49% between 2001 and 2006, from 86.3 to 44.1 deaths per thousand live-births. Mortality was independently associated with birth season (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.33), maternal education (1.21, 1.02-1.43), maternal HIV (4.34, 3.11-6.04) and ART availability (0.46, 0.33-0.65). Children born at home (unlikely to have received sdNVP) had a 35% higher risk of dying than children born in a facility where sdNVP was available (1.35, 1.04-1.74). For 2005 births the availability of PMTCT and ART in public health programmes would have explained 8 and 31% of the decline in U2MR since 2000. Conclusion: These findings confirm the importance of maternal survival, and highlight the importance of the PMTCT and especially maternal HIV treatment with direct benefits of improved survival of their young children. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; ART; HIV; Mortality; PMTCT; Rural	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; nevirapine; adult; article; child; childhood mortality; controlled study; female; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infant feeding; major clinical study; male; newborn period; priority journal; risk assessment; risk factor; rural area; single drug dose; South Africa; vertical transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Nevirapine; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Rural Health; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903952593	Maternal HIV disclosure to young HIV-uninfected children: An evaluation of a family-centred intervention in South Africa	Rochat T.J., Arteche A.X., Stein A., Mkwanazi N., Bland R.M.	2014	AIDS	28	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000333	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, R618 towards Hlabisa, P O Box 198, Somkele, Mtubatuba, 3935, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom	Rochat, T.J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, R618 towards Hlabisa, P O Box 198, Somkele, Mtubatuba, 3935, South Africa, Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Arteche, A.X., Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Stein, A., Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mkwanazi, N., School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Bland, R.M., School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom	OBJECTIVES:: Sub-Saharan Africa has large populations of HIV-infected parents who need support to raise their HIV-uninfected children. This research evaluates the 'Amagugu Intervention' aimed at supporting mothers to disclose their own HIV diagnosis to their HIV-uninfected children. DESIGN:: Uncontrolled pre and post-intervention evaluation. SETTING:: Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS:: Two hundred and eighty-one HIV-infected women and their HIV-uninfected children aged 6-10 years. INTERVENTION:: This lay counsellor-led intervention included six sessions conducted with mothers at home, providing printed materials and child-friendly activities to support disclosure of their diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:: The primary outcome was disclosure to the child (full, partial, none). The secondary outcomes included maternal mental health (General Health Questionnaire) and child mental health (Child Behaviour Checklist). RESULTS:: One hundred and seventy-one (60%) women 'fully' disclosed and 110 (40%) women 'partially' disclosed their HIV status to their child. Women who perceived their health to be excellent were less likely to 'fully' disclose compared to those considering their health to be poorer [adjusted odds ratio 0.48 (0.28-0.95), P = 0.11]. Compared to those not in a current partnership, those with a current partner were almost three times more likely to 'fully' disclose [adjusted odds ratio 2.92 (1.33-6.40), P = 0.008]. Mothers reported that most children reacted calmly to 'full' (79%) or 'partial' disclosure (83%). Compared to 'partial' disclosure, 'full' disclosure was associated with more children asking questions about maternal death (18 versus 8%). CONCLUSIONS:: This intervention is acceptable in resource-limited settings and shows promise. Further research using a controlled design is needed to test this intervention. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	disclosure; family; HIV; maternal disclosure; rural; school-Aged children; South Africa	adult; article; child; child welfare; comparative study; family centered care; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; human immunodeficiency virus uninfected children; interpersonal communication; major clinical study; male; maternal disease; maternal mortality; maternal welfare; mental health; outcome assessment; population research; priority journal; randomized controlled trial (topic); South Africa; HIV Infections; middle aged; mother child relation; pregnancy; psychology; young adult; Adult; Child; Disclosure; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mother-Child Relations; Pregnancy; South Africa; Young Adult	097410/Z/11/Z, Wellcome Trust
WoS	WOS:000306670300012	The adult population impact of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in a resource poor setting, 2003-2008	Ackers, Marta,Adamu-Zeh, Mirabelle,Broz, Dita,Gargano, Julia W.,Laserson, Kayla,Marston, Barbara,Muttai, Hellen,Nyabiage, Lennah,Odhiambo, Frank,Orimba, Vincent,Owuor, Karen,Sewe, Maquins,Williamson, John	2012	AIDS	26	12	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328353b7b9	CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Minist Hlth	None	Objective: To describe the population uptake of HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its impact on adult mortality in a rural area of western Kenya with high HIV prevalence during a period of rapid HIV services scale-up. Design: Adult medical chart data were abstracted at health facilities providing HIV care/ART to residents of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) and linked with HDSS demographic and mortality data. Methods: We evaluated secular trends in patient characteristics across enrollment years and estimated proportions of HIV-positive adult residents receiving care. We evaluated adult (18-64 years) population mortality trends using verbal autopsy findings. Results: From 2003 to 2008, 5421 HDSS-resident adults enrolled in HIV care; 61.4% (n = 3331) were linked to HDSS follow-up data. As the number of facilities expanded from 1 (2003) to 17 (2008), receipt of HIV services by HIV-positive residents increased from less than 1 to 29.5%, and ART coverage reached 64.0% of adults with CD4 cell count less than 250 cells/mu l. The proportion of patients with WHO stage 4 at enrollment decreased from 20.4 to 1.9%, and CD4 cell count testing at enrollment increased from 1.0 to 53.4%. Population-level mortality rates for adults declined 34% for all causes, 26% for AIDS/tuberculosis, and 47% for other infectious diseases; noninfectious disease mortality rates remained constant. Conclusion: The initial years of rapid HIV service expansion coincided with a drop in adult mortality by a third. Continued expansion of population access to HIV clinical services, including ART, and program quality improvements will be necessary to achieve further progress in reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	AIDS/HIV,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",MORTALITY,"POPULATION SURVEILLANCE","COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS",HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,INFECTIOUS-DISEASES,MORTALITY,"PROSPECTIVE COHORT","RURAL WESTERN KENYA",SOUTH-AFRICA,TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE,UGANDA,"VERB	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247116067	Role of the data safety and monitoring board in an international trial	Caceres C.F., Celentano D.D., Coates T.J., Hartwell T.D., Kasprzyk D., Kelly J.A., Kozlov A.P., Pequegnat W., Rotheram-Borus M.J., Solomon S., Woelk G., Wu Z.	2007	AIDS	21	None	10.1097/01.aids.0000266462.33891.0b	Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Costa Rica; Johns Hopkins University, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States; RTI International, United States; Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; National Institute of Mental Health; UCLA, United States; YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), India; University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China	Caceres, C.F., Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Costa Rica; Celentano, D.D., Johns Hopkins University, United States; Coates, T.J., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States; Hartwell, T.D., RTI International, United States; Kasprzyk, D.; Kelly, J.A., Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Kozlov, A.P., Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; Pequegnat, W., National Institute of Mental Health; Rotheram-Borus, M.J., UCLA, United States; Solomon, S., YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), India; Woelk, G., University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe; Wu, Z., Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China	OBJECTIVE: To describe the composition and role of the data safety and monitoring board (DSMB) for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial. DESIGN: NIMH appointed to the DSMB nine members representing the following areas of expertise: prevention science, ethnography, infectious diseases (especially HIV and sexually transmitted diseases), laboratory diagnostics, clinical practice, methodology, international trial experience, statistics, and ethics. METHODS: The DSMB assessed the overall study for any concern about plans or implementation and reviewed cumulative study data to evaluate the safety of study participants, the ongoing conduct of the study, and the scientific validity and integrity of the Trial. Because of the Trial's international scope, the DSMB examined the effects of cultural differences on study implementation and fidelity. RESULTS: Among the DSMB recommendations that strengthened the Trial was one to conduct initial epidemiological studies of the venues selected for the intervention to verify risk and to establish intraclass correlation coefficients that could be used to calculate appropriate sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS: The DSMB played a critical role in this Trial. Because members have the expertise required to monitor the Trial, are not involved in the daily management of the Trial, and can review interim analyses and adverse event reports, they are in an excellent position to provide expert advice to ensure that the Trial's goals are achieved and that NIH funds are well invested. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Community popular opinion leader; Data safety and monitoring board; HIV; Sexually transmitted diseases	article; clinical practice; cultural factor; data analysis; ethics; ethnography; health care organization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection; laboratory test; medical research; methodology; monitoring; policy; priority journal; sample size; sexually transmitted disease; statistical analysis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees; Community Networks; Confidentiality; Data Collection; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; India; International Cooperation; Male; Multicenter Studies; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); Peru; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research Design; Risk Reduction Behavior; Russia; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547676187	The impact of AIDS on government service delivery: The case of the Zambia Wildlife Authority	Rosen S., Hamazakaza P., Feeley F., Fox M.	2007	AIDS	21	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/01.aids.0000279694.61652.e3	Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Farming Systems Association of Zambia, Mount Makulu Central Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia; Health Economics Research Office, Helen Joseph Hospital (Themba Lethu Clinic), Perth Road, Westdene 2092, South Africa	Rosen, S., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics Research Office, Helen Joseph Hospital (Themba Lethu Clinic), Perth Road, Westdene 2092, South Africa; Hamazakaza, P., Farming Systems Association of Zambia, Mount Makulu Central Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia; Feeley, F., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Fox, M., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	BACKGROUND: The loss of working-aged adults to HIV/AIDS has been shown to increase the costs of labor to the private sector in Africa. There is little corresponding evidence for the public sector. This study evaluated the impact of AIDS on the costs and service delivery capacity of a government agency, the Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA). METHODS: Data were collected on workforce characteristics, mortality, costs, and number of days spent on patrol between 2003 and 2005 by 76 current patrol officers (reference subjects) and 11 patrol officers who died of AIDS or suspected AIDS (index subjects). The impact of AIDS on service delivery capacity and labor costs and the net benefits of providing treatment were estimated. RESULTS: Reference subjects averaged 197.4 patrol days per year. After adjustment index subjects patrolled 68% less in their last year of service (P < 0.0001), 51% less in their second to last year (P < 0.0001), and 37% less in their third to last year (P < 0.0001). For each employee who died, ZAWA lost an additional 111 person-days for management, funeral attendance, vacancy and staff replacement. Each death also cost ZAWA the equivalent of 3.3 years' annual compensation for care, benefits, recruitment, and training. In 2005, AIDS reduced service delivery capacity by 6.0% and increased labor costs by 9.3%. CONCLUSION: Impacts on this government agency are substantially larger than observed in the private sector. AIDS is constraining ZAWA's ability to protect Zambia's parks. At a cost of US $500/patient/ year, antiretroviral therapy (ART) would result in service improvements and net budgetary savings to ZAWA. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Antiretroviral therapy; Government; HIV/AIDS; Labor productivity; Zambia	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; compensation; death; female; government; health care cost; health care delivery; health service; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; information processing; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; Zambia; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Commerce; Costs and Cost Analysis; Female; Government Agencies; HIV Seroprevalence; Humans; Male; Workplace; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38149031631	Early effects of antiretroviral therapy on work performance: Preliminary results from a cohort study of Kenyan agricultural workers	Larson B.A., Fox M.P., Rosen S., Bii M., Sigei C., Shaffer D., Sawe F., Wasunna M., Simon J.L.	2008	AIDS	22	3	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f3cc0c	Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States	Larson, B.A., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Fox, M.P., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Rosen, S., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Bii, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sigei, C., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Shaffer, D., United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Sawe, F., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wasunna, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Simon, J.L., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	OBJECTIVE: This paper estimates the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on days harvesting tea per month for tea-estate workers in Kenya. Such information is needed to assess the potential economic benefits of providing treatment to working adults. METHODS: Data for this analysis come from company payroll records for 59 HIV-infected workers and a comparison group of all workers assigned to the same work teams (reference group, n = 1992) for a period covering 2 years before and 1 year after initiating ART. Mean difference tests were used to obtain overall trends in days harvesting tea by month. A difference in difference approach was used to estimate the impact of HIV/AIDS on days working in the pre-ART period. Information on likely trends in the absence of the therapy was used to estimate the positive impacts on days harvesting tea over the initial 12 months on ART. RESULTS: No significant difference existed in days plucking tea each month until the ninth month before initiating ART, when workers worked -2.79 fewer days than references (15% less). This difference grew to 5.09 fewer days (27% less) in the final month before initiating ART. After 12 months on ART, we conservatively estimate that workers worked at least twice as many days in the month than they would have in the absence of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment had a large, positive impact on the ability of workers to undertake their primary work activity, harvesting tea, in the first year on ART. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Kenya; Work performance	antiretrovirus agent; absenteeism; adult; agricultural worker; article; controlled study; female; harvesting; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; job performance; Kenya; major clinical study; male; priority journal; tea; Absenteeism; Adult; Agriculture; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Tea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862756838	Impact of asymptomatic Herpes simplex virus-2 infection on T cell phenotype and function in the foreskin	Prodger J.L., Gray R., Kigozi G., Nalugoda F., Galiwango R., Nehemiah K., Kakanga M., Hirbod T., Wawer M.J., Sewankambo N., Serwadda D., Kaul R.	2012	AIDS	26	10	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328354675c	Clinical Science Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Prodger, J.L., Clinical Science Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Gray, R., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Kigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nalugoda, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Galiwango, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nehemiah, K., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Kakanga, M., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Hirbod, T., Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Wawer, M.J., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Sewankambo, N., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kaul, R., Clinical Science Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada	Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) increases the risk of HIV acquisition in men and overall CD4 T cell density in the foreskin. Using tissues obtained during routine male circumcision, we examined the impact of HSV-2 on the function and phenotype of foreskin T cells in Ugandan men. HSV-2 infection was predominantly associated with a compartmentalized increase in CCR5 expression by foreskin CD4 T cells, which may contribute to HIV susceptibility. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	CD3 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; gamma interferon; interleukin 17; interleukin 22; transcription factor FOXP3; tumor necrosis factor alpha; article; asymptomatic infection; CD25+ T lymphocyte; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell density; circumcision; cytokine production; disease predisposition; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; human tissue; lymphocyte subpopulation; male; nonhuman; phenotype; prepuce; priority journal; protein expression; risk; Th17 cell; Adult; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Circumcision, Male; Foreskin; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Male; Receptors, CCR5; Viral Load	None
WoS	WOS:000311232900015	Differences between self-reported and electronically monitored adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting	Bangsberg, David R.,Habyarimana, James P.,Pop-Eleches, Cristian,Sidle, John E.,Siika, Abraham M.,Siripong, Nalyn,Thirumurthy, Harsha,Vreeman, Rachel C.	2012	AIDS	26	18	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328359aa68	Columbia University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Moi University, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, MGH Ctr Global Hlth, Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard	"Habyarimana, James P.: Georgetown University","Pop-Eleches, Cristian: Columbia University","Siika, Abraham M.: Moi University","Siripong, Nalyn: University of North Carolina","Siripong, Nalyn: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Thirumurthy, Harsha: University of North Carolina","Thirumurthy, Harsha: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Vreeman, Rachel C.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Vreeman, Rachel C.: Indiana University System",	Background: Measurement of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patient self-report is common in resource-limited settings but widely believed to overstate actual adherence. The extent to which these measures overstate adherence has not been examined among a large patient population. Methods: HIV-infected adult patients in Kenya who initiated ART within the past 3 months were followed for 6 months. Adherence was measured by participants' self-reports of doses missed in the past 7 days during monthly clinic visits and by continuous Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) in participants' pill bottles. Seven-day self-reported adherence was compared to 7-day MEMS adherence, 30-day MEMS adherence, and adherence more than 90% during each of the first 6 months. Results: Self-reported and MEMS adherence measures were linked for 669 participants. Mean 7-day self-reported adherence was 98.7% and mean 7-day MEMS adherence was 86.0%, a difference of 12.7% (P &lt; 0.01). The difference between the two adherence measures increased over time due to a decline in 7-day MEMS adherence. However, patients with lower MEMS adherence were in fact more likely to self-report missed doses and the difference between self-reported and MEMS adherence was similar for each number of self-reported missed doses. When analysis was limited to patients who reported rarely or never removing multiple doses at the same time, mean difference was 10.5% (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: There is a sizable and significant difference between self-reported and MEMS adherence. However, a strong relationship between the measures suggests that self-reported adherence is informative for clinical monitoring and program evaluation. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	ADHERENCE,"adherence measurement","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY","ELECTRONIC MONITORING",COUNT,HAART,"HIV-INFECTED ADULTS",METAANALYSIS,OUTCOMES,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS","VIRAL SUPPRESSION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43249092090	Impact of HIV on novel therapies for tuberculosis control	Sánchez M.S., Lloyd-Smith J.O., Porco T.C., Williams B.G., Borgdorff M.W., Mansoer J., Salomon J.A., Getz W.M.	2008	AIDS	22	8	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f7cb4b	Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; World Health Organization, Stop TB Department, Geneva, Switzerland; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; National TB Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard University Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States	Sánchez, M.S., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States; Lloyd-Smith, J.O., Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Porco, T.C., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Williams, B.G., World Health Organization, Stop TB Department, Geneva, Switzerland; Borgdorff, M.W., KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Mansoer, J., National TB Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Salomon, J.A., Department of International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard University Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Getz, W.M., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States	OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The increased risk for tuberculosis in HIV-infected people has fueled a worldwide resurgence of tuberculosis. A major hindrance to controlling tuberculosis is the long treatment duration, leading to default, jeopardizing cure, and generating drug resistance. We investigated how tuberculosis is impacted by reducing treatment duration alone or combined with enhanced case detection and/or cure under different HIV prevalence levels. METHODS: Our model includes HIV stages I-IV and was calibrated to long-term tuberculosis and HIV data from Kenya. Benefits were assessed in terms of absolute and relative reductions in new tuberculosis cases and deaths. RESULTS: Compared with present-day strategies, at 3-20% HIV prevalence we attain a 6-20% decrease in incidence and mortality in 25 years when reducing treatment duration alone; benefits exceed 300% when combined with increased detection and cure. Benefits vary substantially according to HIV status and prevalence. Challenges arise because in absolute terms the number of infected people and deaths increases dramatically with increasing HIV prevalence, and because the relative efficacy of tuberculosis control policies displays a nonlinear pattern whereby they become less effective on a per capita basis at HIV prevalence levels greater than 15%. Benefits of reducing treatment duration may even be reversed at extreme HIV prevalence levels. Benefits of increasing cure versus detection increase as HIV prevalence increases. CONCLUSION: Reducing tuberculosis treatment duration, alone or in combination with other control strategies, can provide enormous benefits at high HIV prevalence. Tuberculosis control policies need to account for HIV levels because the efficacy of different interventions varies substantially with HIV prevalence. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Case detection; Cure rate; Disease control; Epidemiology; HIV; Mathematical model; Tuberculosis	article; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mortality; prevalence; priority journal; simulation; treatment duration; tuberculosis; tuberculosis control; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Models, Biological; Prevalence; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879099534	Evaluation of impact of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and point-of-use water filters on HIV-1 disease progression in Kenya	Walson J.L., Sangaré L.R., Singa B.O., Naulikha J.M., Piper B.K.S., Yuhas K., Onchiri F.M., Otieno P.A., Mermin J., Zeh C., Richardson B.A., John-Stewart G.	2013	AIDS	27	9	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835ecba9	Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, United States	Walson, J.L., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Sangaré, L.R., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Singa, B.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Naulikha, J.M., Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Piper, B.K.S., Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Yuhas, K., Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Onchiri, F.M., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Otieno, P.A., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Mermin, J., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Zeh, C., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Richardson, B.A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, United States; John-Stewart, G., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Objectives: Among HIV-1-infected individuals in Africa, coinfection with malaria and diarrhoeal disease may be associated with more rapid HIV-1 disease progression. We sought to determine whether the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and simple point-of-use water filters can delay HIV-1 disease progression. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Two HIV care sites in Kenya. Participants: HIV-1-infected adults not yet meeting criteria for antiretroviral therapy. Interventions: One group received the standard of care, whereas the other received long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and water filters. Individuals were followed for up to 24 months. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were time to CD4 cell count less than 350 cells/μl and a composite endpoint of time to CD4 cell count less than 350 cells/|μl and nontraumatic death. Time to disease progression was compared using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Of 589 individuals included, 361 received the intervention and 228 served as controls. Median baseline CD4 cell counts were similar (P= 0.36). After controlling for baseline CD4 cell count, individuals receiving the intervention were 27% less likely to reach the endpoint of a CD4 cell count less than 350 cells/μl (hazard ratio 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.95). CD4 cell count decline was also significantly less in the intervention group (-54 vs. - 70 cells/|μl per year, P=0.03). In addition, the incidence of malaria and diarrhoea were significantly lower in the intervention group. Conclusion: Provision of a long-lasting insecticide-treated bed net and water filter was associated with a delay in CD4 cell count decline and may be a simple, practical and cost-effective strategy to delay HIV-1 progression in many resource-limited settings. © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Bed nets; Coinfection; Diarrhoeal disease; HIV; Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets; Malaria; Water filters	insecticide; water; adult; article; bed net; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical evaluation; cohort analysis; controlled study; death; diarrhea; disease course; female; filter; health care quality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; incidence; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; male; mixed infection; priority journal; proportional hazards model; prospective study; randomized controlled trial; treatment outcome; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diarrhea; Disease Progression; Female; Filtration; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Kenya; Malaria; Male; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Socioeconomic Factors; Time Factors; Viral Load; Water; Water Purification	P30 AI027757, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866730274	Performance of the integrated management of childhood illness algorithm for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection among African infants	Diener L.C., Slyker J.A., Gichuhi C., Tapia K.A., Richardson B.A., Wamalwa D., Farquhar C., Overbaugh J., Maleche-Obimbo E., John-Stewart G.	2012	AIDS	26	15	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283578bb8	Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Thematic Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, United States; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States	Diener, L.C., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Slyker, J.A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Gichuhi, C., Thematic Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Tapia, K.A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Richardson, B.A., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Wamalwa, D., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Farquhar, C., Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, United States; Overbaugh, J., Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Maleche-Obimbo, E., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; John-Stewart, G., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	OBJECTIVES: Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis and treatment substantially improve survival. Where virologic HIV-1 testing is unavailable, integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) clinical algorithms may be used for infant HIV-1 screening. We evaluated the performance of the 2008 WHO IMCI HIV algorithm in a cohort of HIV-exposed Kenyan infants. METHODS: From 1999 to 2003, 444 infants had monthly clinical assessments and quarterly virologic HIV-1 testing. Using archived clinical data, IMCI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using virologic testing as a gold standard. Linear regression and survival analyses were used to determine the effect of age on IMCI performance and timing of diagnosis. RESULTS: Overall IMCI sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV value were 58, 87, 52, and 90%, respectively. Sensitivity (1.4%) and PPV (14%) were lowest at 1 month of age, when 81% of HIV infections already had occurred. Sensitivity increased with age (P<0.0001), but remained low throughout infancy (range 1.4-35%). Specificity (range 97-100%) was high at each time point and was not associated with age. Fifty-eight percent of HIV-1-infected infants (50 of 86) were eventually diagnosed by IMCI, and use of IMCI was estimated to delay diagnosis in HIV-infected infants by a median of 5.9 months (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: IMCI had low sensitivity during the first month of life, when the majority of HIV-1 infections had already occurred and initiation of treatment is most critical. Although sensitivity increased with age, the substantial delay in HIV-1 diagnosis using IMCI limits its utility in early infant HIV-1 diagnosis. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; clinical algorithm; HIV; infant; integrated management of childhood illness; pediatric	Africa; algorithm; article; female; gold standard; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; infant; infant disease; major clinical study; performance; prediction; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; virus diagnosis; Algorithms; Anti-HIV Agents; Breast Feeding; Candidiasis, Oral; Child Health Services; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Female; Guidelines as Topic; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Kenya; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Mass Screening; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; World Health Organization	None
None	None	Evaluation of a dried blood spot HIV-1 RNA program for early infant diagnosis and viral load monitoring at rural and remote healthcare facilities	Lofgren S.M., Morrissey A.B., Chevallier C.C., Malabeja A.I., Edmonds S., Amos B., Sifuna D.J., Von Seidlein L., Schimana W., Stevens W.S., Bartlett J.A., Crump J.A.	2009	AIDS	23	18	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328331f702	Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania; Magunga Hospital, Korogwe, Tanzania; Teule Hospital, Muheza, Tanzania; Joint Malaria Programme, Tanga, Tanzania; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Parktown, South Africa	Lofgren, S.M., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Morrissey, A.B., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Chevallier, C.C., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, United States, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Malabeja, A.I., Magunga Hospital, Korogwe, Tanzania; Edmonds, S., Teule Hospital, Muheza, Tanzania; Amos, B., Teule Hospital, Muheza, Tanzania; Sifuna, D.J., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania; Von Seidlein, L., Joint Malaria Programme, Tanga, Tanzania; Schimana, W., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania; Stevens, W.S., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Parktown, South Africa; Bartlett, J.A., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, United States, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Crump, J.A., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, United States, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania	OBJECTIVE: To assess technical and operational performance of a dried blood spot (DBS)-based HIV-1 RNA service for remote healthcare facilities in a low-income country. DESIGN: A method comparison and operational evaluation of DBS RNA against conventional tests for early infant diagnosis of HIV and HIV RNA quantitation under field conditions in Tanzania. METHODS: DBSs were prepared and plasma was frozen at-80°C. DBSs were mailed and plasma couriered to a central laboratory for testing using the Abbott m2000 system. Infant diagnosis DBSs were also tested for HIV-1 DNA by ROCHE COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan System. Results of DBS RNA were compared with conventional tests; program performance was described. RESULTS: Among 176 infant diagnosis participants, using a threshold of at least 1000 copies/ml, sensitivity and specificity of DBS versus plasma RNA were 1.00 and 0.99, and of DBS RNA versus DBS DNA were 0.97 and 1.00. Among 137 viral load monitoring participants, when plasma and DBS RNA were compared, r value was 0.9709; r value was 0.9675 for at least 5000 copies/ml but was 0.7301 for less than 5000 copies/ml. The highest plasma RNA value at which DBS RNA was not detected was 2084 copies/ml. Median (range) turnaround time from sample collection to result receipt at sites was 23 (4-69) days. The Tanzania mail service successfully transmitted all DBS and results between sites and the central laboratory. CONCLUSION: Under program conditions in Tanzania, DBS provided HIV-1 RNA results comparable to conventional methods to remote healthcare facilities. DBS RNA testing is an alternative to liquid plasma for HIV-1 RNA services in remote areas. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Blood specimen collection; Diagnosis; HIV; Laboratory techniques and procedures; Reverse transcriptase PCR; Tanzania	antiretrovirus agent; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; virus DNA; virus RNA; adult; aged; article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; controlled study; female; health care facility; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; infant; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; major clinical study; male; newborn; preschool child; priority journal; school child; sensitivity and specificity; virus load; Female; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Male; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; Rural Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Specimen Handling; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957683924	A 15-year study of the impact of community antiretroviral therapy coverage on HIV incidence in Kenyan female sex workers	McClelland R.S., Richardson B.A., Cherutich P., Mandaliya K., John-Stewart G., Miregwa B., Odem-Davis K., Jaoko W., Kimanga D., Overbaugh J.	2015	AIDS	29	17	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000829	Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Mombasa County Department of Policy and Research, Mombasa, Kenya	McClelland, R.S., Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Richardson, B.A., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Cherutich, P., National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Mandaliya, K., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; John-Stewart, G., Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Miregwa, B., Mombasa County Department of Policy and Research, Mombasa, Kenya; Odem-Davis, K., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Jaoko, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Kimanga, D., National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Overbaugh, J., Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States	Objective: To test the hypothesis that increasing community antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage would be associated with lower HIV incidence in female sex workers (FSWs) in Mombasa District, Kenya. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: From 1998 to 2012, HIV-negative FSWs were asked to return monthly for an interview regarding risk behavior and testing for sexually transmitted infections including HIV. We evaluated the association between community ART coverage and FSW's risk of becoming HIV infected using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: One thousand, four hundred and four FSWs contributed 4335 woman-years of follow-up, with 145 acquiring HIV infection (incidence 3.35/100 woman-years). The ART rollout began in 2003. By 2012, an estimated 52% of HIV-positive individuals were receiving treatment. Community ART coverage was inversely associated with HIV incidence (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.61-0.98; P=0.03), suggesting that each 10% increase in coverage was associated with a 23% reduction in FSWs' risk of HIV acquisition. Community ART coverage had no impact on herpes simplex virus type-2 incidence (adjusted hazard ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.20; P=0.8). Conclusion: Increasing general population ART coverage was associated with lower HIV incidence in FSWs. The association with HIV incidence, but not herpes simplex virus type-2 incidence, suggests that the effect of community ART coverage may be specific to HIV. Interventions such as preexposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral-containing microbicides have produced disappointing results in HIV prevention trials with FSWs. These results suggest that FSWs' risk of acquiring HIV infection might be reduced through the indirect approach of increasing ART coverage in the community. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	Africa; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; sex worker; transmission; women	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adolescent; adult; antiviral therapy; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; community care; female; follow up; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; high risk behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus 2 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; incidence; Kenya; Kenyan; priority journal; prospective study; prostitution; sexually transmitted disease; virus load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863843550	The impact of antiretroviral treatment on the age composition of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa	Hontelez J.A.C., De Vlas S.J., Baltussen R., Newell M.-L., Bakker R., Tanser F., Lurie M., Bärnighausen T.	2012	AIDS	26	SUPPL.1	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283558526	Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen International Center for Health System Analysis and Education, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and the International Health Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Hontelez, J.A.C., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen International Center for Health System Analysis and Education, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; De Vlas, S.J., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Baltussen, R., Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen International Center for Health System Analysis and Education, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Bakker, R., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Tanser, F., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Lurie, M., Department of Epidemiology and the International Health Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Bärnighausen, T., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Introduction: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage is rapidly expanding in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on the effect of ART on survival of HIV-infected people and HIV transmission, the age composition of the HIV epidemic in the region is expected to change in the coming decades. We quantify the change in the age composition of HIV-infected people in all countries in SSA. Methods: We used STDSIM, a stochastic microsimulation model, and developed an approach to represent HIV prevalence and treatment coverage in 43 countries in SSA, using publicly available data. We predict future trends in HIV prevalence and total number of HIV-infected people aged 15-49 years and 50 years or older for different ART coverage levels. Results: We show that, if treatment coverage continues to increase at present rates, the total number of HIV-infected people aged 50 years or older will nearly triple over the coming years: from 3.1 million in 2011 to 9.1 million in 2040, dramatically changing the age composition of the HIV epidemic in SSA. In 2011, about one in seven HIV-infected people was aged 50 years or older; in 2040, this ratio will be larger than one in four. Conclusion: The HIV epidemic in SSA is rapidly ageing, implying changing needs and demands in many social sectors, including health, social care, and old-age pension systems. Health policymakers need to anticipate the impact of the changing HIV age composition in their planning for future capacity in these systems. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	aging; antiretroviral therapy; epidemiological trends; HIV; mathematical model	antiretrovirus agent; adolescent; adult; age distribution; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; male; priority journal; prostitution; sexual behavior; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Aging; Anti-HIV Agents; Epidemics; Female; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Life Expectancy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Prevalence; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349188909	Impact of baseline health and community support on antiretroviral treatment outcomes in HIV patients in South Africa	Wouters E., Van Damme W., Van Rensburg D., Meulemans H.	2008	AIDS	22	18	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831c5562	Department of Sociology and Research, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium	Wouters, E., Department of Sociology and Research, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Van Damme, W., Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Van Rensburg, D., Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Meulemans, H., Department of Sociology and Research, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	The importance of community support when scaling-up antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings is poorly understood. We assessed the impact of baseline health, patient characteristics and community support on ART outcomes at 6 and 12 months in a representative sample of 268 patients enrolled in the Free State public sector ART program (South Africa). Delayed ART initiation reduced ART response, whereas support from treatment buddies, community health workers and support groups significantly improved treatment outcomes.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adult; article; community; community care; drug response; female; health auxiliary; health program; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; priority journal; social support; South Africa; treatment outcome; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Community Health Services; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Rural Health; Social Support; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052397989	Impact of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on the health of breast-fed, HIV-exposed, HIV-negative infants in a resource-limited setting	Coutsoudis A., Kindra G., Esterhuizen T.	2011	AIDS	25	14	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834ad699	Department Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Programme of Biostatistics Research Ethics and Medical Law, School of Family and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Coutsoudis, A., Department Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Kindra, G., Department Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Esterhuizen, T., Programme of Biostatistics Research Ethics and Medical Law, School of Family and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	WHO guidelines recommend cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CTXP) in all HIV-exposed negative infants who are still breastfeeding. This is based on the evidence of efficacy in HIV-infected infants, but there is no evidence of benefit in HIV-negative, breast-fed infants. We assessed the impact of CTXP on diarrhoeal and respiratory morbidity in breast-fed, HIV-exposed negative infants in a community programme. CTXP for more than 60 days showed no consistent evidence of benefit for incidence of lower respiratory tract infection [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-1.26; P=0.241] but an increased incidence of diarrhoea (IRR=1.38, 95% CI 0.98-1.94; P=0.065). The guidelines should be reconsidered by conducting a randomized control trial. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	cotrimoxazole; article; breast feeding; diarrhea; drug efficacy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; lower respiratory tract infection; major clinical study; morbidity; priority journal; prophylaxis; socioeconomics; vertical transmission; Breast Feeding; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Rural Population; South Africa; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80055049890	Impact of CD8 + T-cell activation on CD4 + T-cell recovery and mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy	Hunt P.W., Cao H.L., Muzoora C., Ssewanyana I., Bennett J., Emenyonu N., Kembabazi A., Neilands T.B., Bangsberg D.R., Deeks S.G., Martin J.N.	2011	AIDS	25	17	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834c4ac1	Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda; CA Department of Health Services, Uganda; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, MA, United States	Hunt, P.W., Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Cao, H.L., Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda, CA Department of Health Services, Uganda; Muzoora, C., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Ssewanyana, I., Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda; Bennett, J., Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Emenyonu, N., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, MA, United States; Kembabazi, A., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Neilands, T.B., Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Bangsberg, D.R., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, MA, United States; Deeks, S.G., Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Martin, J.N., Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States	OBJECTIVES:: To assess whether T-cell activation independently predicts the extent of CD4 T-cell recovery and mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN:: Prospective cohort study. METHODS:: HIV-infected adults starting ART and achieving a plasma HIV RNA level (VL) less than 400 copies/ml by month 6 were sampled from the Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO) cohort in Mbarara, Uganda. CD4 count, VL, and the percentage-activated (CD38HLA-DR) T cells were measured every 3 months. RESULTS:: Of 451 HIV-infected Ugandans starting ART, most were women (70%) with median pre-ART values: age, 34 years; CD4 count, 135 cells/μl; and VL, 5.1 log10 copies/ml. Of these, 93% achieved a VL less than 400 copies/ml by month 6 and were followed for a median of 24 months, with 8% lost to follow-up at 3 years. Higher pre-ART CD8 T-cell activation was associated with diminished CD4 recovery after year 1, after adjustment for pre-ART CD4 count, VL, and sex (P = 0.017). Thirty-four participants died, 15 after month 6. Each 10% point increase in activated CD8 T cells at month 6 of suppressive ART was associated with a 1.6-fold increased hazard of subsequent death after adjusting for pretherapy CD4 count (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:: Higher pre-ART CD8 T-cell activation independently predicts slower CD4 T-cell recovery and higher persistent CD8 T-cell activation during ART-mediated viral suppression independently predicts increased mortality among HIV-infected Ugandans. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or reversing immune activation during ART are needed in this setting. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Mortality; Sub-Saharan Africa; T-cell activation; Uganda	virus RNA; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cohort analysis; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; T lymphocyte activation; Uganda; virus load; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antigens, CD38; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gene Expression; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-12144265481	Impact of African herbal medicines on antiretroviral metabolism	Mills E., Foster B.C., Van Heeswijk R., Phillips E., Wilson K., Leonard B., Kosuge K., Kanfer I.	2005	AIDS	19	1	None	Dept. Clin. Epidemiol. Biostatist., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada; University of British Columbia, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ont., Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Can. Coll. of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Mills, E., Dept. Clin. Epidemiol. Biostatist., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada, Can. Coll. of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Foster, B.C., University of British Columbia, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Van Heeswijk, R., Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ont., Canada; Phillips, E., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Wilson, K., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Leonard, B., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Kosuge, K., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Kanfer, I., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	We examined the effects of two African herbal medicines recommended for HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral metabolism. Extracts from Hypoxis and Sutherlandia showed significant effects on cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolism and activated the pregnane X receptor approximately twofold. P-glycoprotein expression was inhibited, with Hypoxis showing 42-51% and Sutherlandia showing 19-31% of activity compared with verapamil. Initiating policies to provide herbal medicines with antiretroviral agents may put patients at risk of treatment failure, viral resistance or drug toxicity.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cytochrome P450 3A4; glycoprotein P; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; nelfinavir; plant extract; pregnane X receptor; rifampicin; Sutherlandia extract; unclassified drug; verapamil; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; controlled study; drug metabolism; drug toxicity; enzyme activation; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Hypoxis; priority journal; protein expression; treatment failure; virus resistance; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Fabaceae; Herb-Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoxis; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; P-Glycoprotein; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Steroid; Verapamil	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746715037	Burden of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment programme in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact on treatment outcomes and implications for tuberculosis control	Lawn S.D., Myer L., Bekker L.-G., Wood R.	2006	AIDS	20	12	10.1097/01.aids.0000238406.93249.cd	Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Lawn, S.D., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Myer, L., Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	OBJECTIVES: To determine burden and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) in an antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme and its impact on ART outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Prevalent TB was assessed at baseline and incident TB was ascertained prospectively over 3 years among 944 patients accessing a community-based ART programme in South Africa. RESULTS: At enrollment, median CD4 cell count was 96 cells/μl and 52% of patients had a previous history of TB. Prevalent TB (current antituberculosis treatment or active TB) was present in 25% and was strongly associated with advanced immunodeficiency. During 782 person-years of ART, 81 cases of TB were diagnosed. The incidence was 22.1/100 person-years during the first 3 months of ART and decreased to an average of 4.5/100 person-years during the second and third years. In multivariate analysis, risk of incident TB during follow-up was only associated with the current absolute CD4 cell count at that time point; an increase of 100 cells/μl was associated with a 25% lower risk (P = 0.007). Although prevalent and incident TB were associated with greater than two-fold increased mortality risk, they did not compromise immunological and virological outcomes among survivors at 48 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Late initiation of ART was associated with a major burden of TB in this ART programme. TB reduced survival but did not impair immunovirological outcomes. Reductions in TB incidence during ART were dependent on CD4 cell count; however, after 3 years of treatment, rates were still 5- to 10-fold higher than among non-HIV-infected people. Earlier initiation of ART may reduce this burden of TB. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral programme; HAART; HIV; Resource-limited country; TB control; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; dapsone; didanosine; efavirenz; isoniazid; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; tuberculostatic agent; zidovudine; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; disease association; female; follow up; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; major clinical study; male; mortality; multivariate analysis; patient assessment; priority journal; South Africa; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; tuberculosis control; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cost of Illness; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis; Viral Load	None
WoS	WOS:000272135900011	The use of routine monitoring and evaluation systems to assess a referral model of family planning and HIV service integration in Nigeria	Abubakar, Zubaida,Awi, Dorka D.,Chabikuli, Nzapfurundi O.,Chukwujekwu, Ogo,Gwarzo, Usman,Hamelmann, Christoph,Ibrahim, Mohammed,Merrigan, Mike	2009	AIDS	23	None	None	Family Hlth Int	None	Objective: To measure changes in service utilization of a model integrating family planning with HIV Counselling and testing (HCT), antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in the Nigerian public health facilities. Design: It is a retrospective survey of attendance and family planning commodity uptake in 71 health facilities in Nigeria that analyzes the preintegration and postintegration periods between March 2007 and January 2009. Methods: A prepost retrospective comparison of mean attendance at family planning clinics and couple-years of protection (CYP) compared 6 months preintegration with 9 months postintegration period. An analysis of service ratios was conducted, relating completed referrals at family planning clinics to service utilization at the referring HIV clinics. Results: Mean attendance at family planning clinics increased significantly from 67.6 in preintegration to 87.0 in postintegration. The mean CYP increased significantly from 32.3 preintegration to 38.2 postintegration. Service ratio of referrals from each of the HIV clinics was low but increased in the postintegration period by 4, 34 and 42 per 1000 clients from HCT, ART and PMTCT clinics, respectively. Service ratios were higher in primary healthcare settings than in secondary or tertiary hospitals. Attendance by men at family planning clinics was significantly higher among clients referred from HIV clinics. Conclusion: Family planning-HIV integration using the referral model improved family planning service utilization by clients accessing HIV services, but further improvement is possible. Male utilization of family planning services also improved. The government of Nigeria should review the family planning User fee policy and scale up the integration in primary healthcare facilities. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	CONTRACEPTION,"health services evaluation",HIV,INTEGRATION,NIGERIA,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY","CONTRACEPTIVE USE","HEALTH-CARE NEEDS",INTENTIONS,PREGNANCY,"PROSPECTIVE COHORT","REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH","RURAL UGANDA",SOUTH-AFRICA,WOMEN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000258761700014	Assessing the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Nigerian households: a propensity score matching approach	Canning, David,Mahal, Ajay,Odumosu, Kunle,Okonkwo, Prosper	2008	AIDS	22	None	None	Harvard University, Nigerian Inst Social & Econ Res	"Canning, David: Harvard University","Mahal, Ajay: Harvard University",	Objectives: We used a novel approach to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS on individuals' healthcare utilization and spending in the Oyo and Plateau states of Nigeria and income foregone from work time lost. Methods: Data from a 2004 random Survey of over 6400 individuals were compared with a sample of 482 individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Estimating the effect of HIV is complicated by the fact that our sample of HIV-positive individuals was non-random; there are selection effects, both in acquiring HIV and being in our sample of HIV-positive people, which was based on contacts through non-govern menta I organizations. To overcome these, we compared HIV-positive people with a control group with similar observed characteristics, using propensity score matching. The matched HIV-negative individuals had worse health and greater health spending than the full HIV-negative group. This suggests that our HIV sample would not have had 'average' outcomes even if they had not acquired HIV. Results: Compared with Our matched control group, HIV is associated with significantly increased morbidity, healthcare utilization, public health facility use, lost work time and family time devoted to care-giving. Direct private healthcare costs and indirect income loss per HIV-positive individual were 36065 Naira, approximately 56% of annual income per capita in affected households. Approximately 40% of these costs were income losses associated with sickness and care-giving. 10% of the cost of HIV is accounted for by public subsidies for health. The largest single cost, representing 54% of the total economic burden of HIV, is for out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	"DIRECT COSTS","ECONOMIC IMPACTS",HIV,HOUSEHOLDS,NIGERIA,"propensity-score matching"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927911032	Tuberculosis distorts the inhibitory impact of interleukin-10 in HIV infection	Chetty S., Porichis F., Govender P., Zupkosky J., Ghebremichael M., Pillay M., Walker B.D., Ndung'u T., Kaufmann D.E., Kasprowicz V.O.	2014	AIDS	28	18	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000437	HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (K-RITH), KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Chetty, S., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (K-RITH), KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Porichis, F., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Govender, P., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Zupkosky, J., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Ghebremichael, M., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Pillay, M., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Walker, B.D., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Ndung'u, T., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Kaufmann, D.E., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Kasprowicz, V.O., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for TB and HIV (K-RITH), KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States	Objectives: This study aimed to assess how Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) coinfection alters the impact of interleukin-10 in chronic HIV infection. Design: We assessed plasma cytokine levels (interleukin-10, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-γ, interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-13) in 82 individuals presenting with HIV monoinfection, HIV-LTBI (latent MTB infection) coinfection or HIV-TB (active tuberculosis) coinfection. We also assessed the influence of MTB on the functional impact of interleukin-10 receptor alpha (interleukin-10Ra) blockade on HIV and MTB-specific CD4+ T cells. Methods: Plasma cytokine levels were measured by high sensitivity Luminex. We used an ex-vivo interleukin-10Ra blockade assay to assess if functional enhancement of HIV and MTB-specific CD4+ T cells was possible following a 48-h stimulation with HIV gag or pooled ESAT-6 (6 kDa early secretory antigenic target) and CFP-10 (10-kDa culture filtrate protein) peptides. Cell supernatant was collected 48 h after stimulation and the cytokine profile was measured by Luminex. Results: Plasma interleukin-10 levels were elevated in HIV-TB as compared with HIV monoinfection (P&lt;0.05) and HIV-LTBI (P&lt;0.05). Plasma interleukin-10 levels correlated to HIV viral load in HIV monoinfection (P=0.016) and HIV-LTBI (P=0.042), but not HIV-TB. Ex-vivo blockade of interleukin-10Ra significantly enhanced MTB and HIVspecific CD4+ T-cell function in HIV-LTBI individuals but not in HIV-TB individuals. Conclusion: Tuberculosis disrupts the correlation between interleukin-10 and markers of HIV disease progression. In addition, HIV-TB is associated with a more inflammatory cytokine milieu compared with HIV monoinfection. Interestingly, interleukin-10Ra blockade can enhance both HIV and MTB-specific T-cell function in HIV-LTBI, but not in HIV-TB coinfection. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	HIV coinfection; Immune regulation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-10 receptor alpha blockade; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	culture filtrate protein 10; gamma interferon; interleukin 10; interleukin 10 receptor alpha; interleukin 13; interleukin 2; interleukin 6; tumor necrosis factor alpha; interleukin 10; Article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; cytokine release; disease course; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; mixed infection; priority journal; protein blood level; protein expression; tuberculosis; virus load; blood; complication; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; HIV Infections; Humans; Interleukin-10; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903997164	Modelling the long-term impacts on affected children of adult HIV: Benefits, challenges and a possible approach	Desmond C., Bruce F., Tomlinson M., Marlow M.B., Aber J.L., Ouifki R., Welte A.	2014	AIDS	28	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000329	Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, 750 Francois Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4001, South Africa; South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, NY, United States	Desmond, C., Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, 750 Francois Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4001, South Africa; Bruce, F., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa; Tomlinson, M., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Marlow, M.B., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Aber, J.L., Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, NY, United States; Ouifki, R., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa; Welte, A., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa	We outline the benefits, challenges and possible approaches to developing mathematical models that could be used to estimate the magnitude of negative consequences of adult HIV infection for children. Adult HIV infection can lead to numerous negative consequences for dependent children, including depression, anxiety, withdrawal from school and early sexual debut, among others. For advocacy and planning purposes, it is important to highlight and consider as many of these as possible. A focus solely on orphan numbers, which is the typical summary measure for children affected by HIV and AIDS, can be misleading. The complexity of child development that is characterized by the interaction of a multitude of proximal and distal factors, coupled with a significant lack of data on child development in the context of adult HIV infection make the development of models a challenging task. Although it may not be possible in the first attempt to develop a population-based model capable of examining family dynamics, the negative consequences together with the impact of interventions, steps in that direction can be taken. We propose approaches and assumptions that we believe will allow the development of a useful first set of models. We conclude with a brief discussion of the type of data that, if collected, would facilitate refinement and development of these models. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	affected children; child development; modelling; orphans	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult disease; anxiety; article; child development; child health; childhood disease; depression; disease course; environmental factor; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; maternal welfare; priority journal; risk factor; adult; child; child parent relation; family health; female; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mental disease; preschool child; psychology; theoretical model; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Family Health; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Models, Theoretical; Parent-Child Relations	USAID, National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902255611	Performance of symptom-based tuberculosis screening among people living with HIV: Not as great as hoped	Ahmad Khan F., Verkuijl S., Parrish A., Chikwava F., Ntumy R., El-Sadr W., Howard A.A.	2014	AIDS	28	10	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000278	ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa	Ahmad Khan, F., ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Verkuijl, S., ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; Parrish, A., Department of Internal Medicine, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa; Chikwava, F., ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; Ntumy, R., ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; El-Sadr, W., ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Howard, A.A., ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States	OBJECTIVE:: The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the symptom-based tuberculosis (TB) screening questionnaire recommended by WHO for people living with HIV (PLWH) in resource-limited settings, among adults off and on antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN:: Cross-sectional study at two HIV clinics in South Africa. METHODS:: A total of 825 PLWH completed the screening questionnaire and underwent investigations [chest radiography (CXR) and microbiologic testing of sputa]. A positive screen was defined as presence of cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was defined as sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli or growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS:: Of 737 participants with at least one diagnostic sputum specimen, PTB was diagnosed in 31 of 522 (5.9%) on ART, and 34 of 215 (15.8%) not on ART. The questionnaire missed 15 of 31 (48.4%) PTB cases on ART, and three of 34 (8.8%) not on ART. Among participants on ART, post-test probability of PTB diagnosis (95% confidence interval) was 6.8% (4.0-10.9%) if screening positive, and 5.2% (2.9-8.4%) if screening negative, whereas among participants not on ART, post-test probabilities were 20.3% (14.2-27.5%) and 4.8% (1.0-13.5%), respectively. Among participants diagnosed with PTB, those on ART were significantly less likely to screen positive (adjusted odds ratio 0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.39). In both groups (ART and no ART), screening was more sensitive when CXR was incorporated. CONCLUSION:: For case detection and exclusion of PTB, the WHO-recommended questionnaire performed adequately among PLWH not on ART, and poorly among those on ART. Further research is needed to identify feasible and effective TB screening strategies for PLWH in resource-limited settings. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Resource-limited settings; Screening; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; acid fast bacterium; adult; article; bacterial growth; controlled study; coughing; female; fever; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; night sweat; nonhuman; priority journal; probability; questionnaire; screening; sensitivity and specificity; sputum analysis; sputum smear; symptom; thorax radiography; weight reduction; world health organization; clinical medicine; complication; cross-sectional study; developing country; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV Infections; mass screening; microbiology; microscopy; middle aged; pathology; procedures; South Africa; tuberculosis; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Clinical Medicine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
WoS	WOS:000246162900008	Voluntary counselling and testing: uptake, impact on sexual behaviour, and HIV incidence in a rural Zimbabwean cohort	Chawira, Godwin,Cremin, Ide,Dube, Sabada,Gregson, Simon,Kakowa, Memory,Lopman, Ben,Nyamukapa, Constance,Oberzaucher, Nicole,Sherr, Lorraine	2007	AIDS	21	7	None	Imperial College London, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Medical School, University College London, University of London, Biomed Res & Training Inst, European Ctr Social Welf Policy & Res	None	Objectives: To examine the determinants of uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services, to assess changes in sexual risk behaviour following VCT, and to compare HIV incidence amongst testers and non-testers. Methods: Prospective population-based cohort study of adult men and women in the Manicaland province of eastern Zimbabwe. Demographic, socioeconomic, sexual behaviour and VCT utilization data were collected at baseline (1998-2000) and follow-up (3 years later). HIV status was determined by HIV-1 antibody detection. In addition to services provided by the government and non-governmental organizations, a mobile VCT clinic was available at study sites. Results: Lifetime uptake of VCT increased from under 6% to 11% at follow-up. Age, increasing education and knowledge of HIV were associated with VCT uptake. Women who took a test were more likely to be HIV positive and to have greater HIV knowledge and fewer total lifetime partners. After controlling for demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour was not independently associated with VCT uptake. Women who tested positive reported increased consistent condom use in their regular partnerships. However, individuals who tested negative were more likely to adopt more risky behaviours in terms of numbers of partnerships in the last month, the last year and in concurrent partnerships. HIV incidence during follow-up did not differ between testers and non-testers. Conclusion: Motivation for VCT uptake was driven by knowledge and education rather than sexual risk. Increased sexual risk following receipt of a negative result may be a serious unintended consequence of VCT. It should be minimized with appropriate pre- and post-test counselling. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	counselling,"HIV INCIDENCE","sexual behaviour",VCT,ZIMBABWE,AFRICA,COUPLES,EFFICACY,KENYA,MEN,PREVENTION,RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,"RISK BEHAVIOR",TANZANIA,TRANSMISSION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262876600006	The impact of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief on expansion of HIV care services for adult patients in western Kenya	Einterz, Robert,Kimaiyo, Silvester,Musick, Beverly,Nyandiko, Winstone,Sidle, John,Siika, Abraham,Tierney, William M.,Wools-Kaloustian, Kara,Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.	2009	AIDS	23	2	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831cc3e6	Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc	"Einterz, Robert: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Einterz, Robert: Indiana University System","Kimaiyo, Silvester: Moi University","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University System","Nyandiko, Winstone: Moi University","Siika, Abraham: Moi University","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University System",	Background: The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief committed $15 billion to addressing HIV in resource-poor settings. Objective: To assess the impact of The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief on the treatment services of an HIV care program. Design, setting, and patients: Cohort study utilizing computerized medical records of nonpregnant adults enrolled into the Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HlV/AIDS system, in western Kenya between 27 November 2001 and 24 July 2006. Main outcomes measures: Number of clinics and patients enrolled in Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS, as well as patient demographics, immunologic, and clinical characteristics during three periods defined by the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Results: Enrollment as of May 2006 was 23 539. Mean monthly enrollment increased from 64 to 815 between periods 1 and 3. The median CD4 cell count at enrollment during period 3 (172 cells/mu l) was significantly higher than for period 2 (119 cells/mu l; P&lt;0.001). World Health Organization stage at enrollment differed significantly between periods with 6.7% having stage 4 disease in period 3 compared with 13.8% during period 1 (P&lt;0.001). Significantly more patients had complete documentation of cART eligibility, during period 3 as compared with the previous periods. Time from enrollment to cART initiation decreased from a median of 64 weeks in period 1 to 12 weeks during period 3 (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief funding has allowed Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS to significantly increase the number of individuals receiving HIV care and provided the ability to expand services allowing for identification of patients earlier in their disease process. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	Africa,AIDS,antiretrovirals,HIV,SCALE-UP,AFRICA,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",EXPERIENCE,OUTCOMES,PROGRAM,SCALING-UP	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903947358	Evidence of impact: Health, psychological and social effects of adult HIV on children	Sherr L., Cluver L.D., Betancourt T.S., Kellerman S.E., Richter L.M., Desmond C.	2014	AIDS	28	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000327	Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, SA, South Africa; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Management Sciences for Health, Washington, DC, United States; HIV, AIDS, STIs and TB, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Sherr, L., Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Cluver, L.D., Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, SA, South Africa; Betancourt, T.S., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Kellerman, S.E., Management Sciences for Health, Washington, DC, United States; Richter, L.M., HIV, AIDS, STIs and TB, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Desmond, C., Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa	There is a growing evidence base on the immediate and short-term effects of adult HIV on children. We provide an overview of this literature, highlighting the multiple risks and resultant negative consequences stemming from adult HIV infection on the children they care for on an individual and family basis. We trace these consequences from their origin in the health and wellbeing of adults on whom children depend, through multiple pathways to negative impacts for children. As effective treatment reduces vertical transmission, the needs of affected children will predominate. Pathways include exposure to HIV in utero, poor caregiver mental or physical health, the impact of illness, stigma and increased poverty. We summarize the evidence of negative consequences, including those affecting health, cognitive development, education, child mental health, exposure to abuse and adolescent risk behaviour, including sexual risk behaviour, which has obvious implications for HIV-prevention efforts. We also highlight the evidence of positive outcomes, despite adversity, considering the importance of recognizing and supporting the development of resilience. This study is the first in a series of three commissioned by President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)/United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the summary provided here was used to inform a second study which seeks to identify insights from the broader child development field which will help us predict what long-term negative consequences children affected by HIV and AIDS are likely to experience. The third study discusses the design of a model to estimate these consequences. Although comprehensive, the review is often hampered by poor-quality research, inadequate design, small sample sizes and single studies in some areas. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	adult; article; caregiver; child; child development; cognition; cognitive development; domestic violence; government; health behavior; high risk behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mental health; priority journal; psychological well being; sample size; school; sexual health; social behavior; social support; stigma; vertical transmission; adolescent; child development; child parent relation; family health; female; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; male; mental disease; mental health; newborn; preschool child; psychology; United States; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Family Health; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Parent-Child Relations; United States	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846624283	Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease: Incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa	Lawn S.D., Myer L., Bekker L.-G., Wood R.	2007	AIDS	21	3	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328011efac	Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Lawn, S.D., Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Myer, L., Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Bekker, L.-G., Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	OBJECTIVE: To determine the burden and impact of immune reconstitution disease (IRD) associated with tuberculosis (TB) among patients initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a study cohort enrolled over 3 years within a community-based ART service in South Africa. METHODS: Patients receiving treatment for TB at the time ART was initiated (n = 160) were studied. Cases of TB-associated IRD during the first 4 months of ART were ascertained. RESULTS: The median baseline CD4 cell count was 68 cells/μl [interquartile range (IQR), 29 - 133 cells/μl) and ART was initiated after a median of 105 days (IQR, 61 - 164 days) from TB diagnosis. Although IRD was diagnosed in just 12% (n = 19) of patients overall, IRD developed in 32% (n = 12) of those who started ART within 2 months of TB diagnosis. Pulmonary involvement was observed in 84% (n = 16) and intra-abdominal manifestations were also common (37%). Overall, 4% (n = 7) of the cohort required secondary level health-care for IRD and two (1%) patients died. In multivariate analysis, risk of IRD was strongly associated with early ART initiation and low baseline CD4 cell count. Of patients with CD4 counts < 50 cells/μl, the proportions who developed IRD following initiation of ART within 0-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120 and > 120 days of TB diagnosis were 100%, 33%, 14%, 7% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of TB-associated IRD in this setting is very high for those with low baseline CD4 cell counts initiating ART early in the course of antituberculosis treatment. However, most cases were self-limiting; overall secondary health-care utilization and mortality risk from IRD were low. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; Antiretroviral treatment; Immune reconstitution disease; Resource-limited country; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; corticosteroid; efavirenz; lamivudine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; tuberculostatic agent; abdominal disease; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; death; female; health care; human; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; laparotomy; lung disease; major clinical study; male; morbidity; multivariate analysis; priority journal; retrospective study; risk; risk factor; South Africa; tuberculosis; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antitubercular Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Inflammation; Male; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897546757	Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: Systematic review and meta-analysis	Blaser N., Wettstein C., Estill J., Vizcaya L.S., Wandeler G., Egger M., Keiser O.	2014	AIDS	28	7	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000135	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Blaser, N., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Wettstein, C., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Estill, J., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Vizcaya, L.S., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Wandeler, G., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Egger, M., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Keiser, O., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	OBJECTIVES:: HIV 'treatment as prevention' (TasP) describes early treatment of HIV-infected patients intended to reduce viral load and transmission. Crucial assumptions for estimating TasPÊ1/4s effectiveness are the underlying estimates of transmission risk. We aimed to determine transmission risk during primary infection, and describe the relation of HIV transmission risk to viral load. DESIGN:: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:: We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies that established a relationship between viral load and transmission risk, or primary infection and transmission risk, in serodiscordant couples. We analysed assumptions about the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and between duration of primary infection and transmission risk. RESULTS:: We found 36 eligible articles, based on six different study populations. Studies consistently found that higher viral loads lead to higher HIV transmission rates, but assumptions about the shape of this increase varied from exponential increase to saturation. The assumed duration of primary infection ranged from 1.5 to 12 months; for each additional month, the log10 transmission rate ratio between primary and asymptomatic infection decreased by 0.40. CONCLUSION:: Assumptions and estimates of the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and the relationship between primary infection and transmission risk, vary substantially and predictions of TasPÊ1/4s effectiveness should take this uncertainty into account. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health.	acute disease; HIV; primary infection; systematic review,transmission; treatment as prevention; viral load	article; asymptomatic infection; CD4+ T lymphocyte; disease association; disease duration; disease transmission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; primary infection; priority journal; risk assessment; systematic review; virus load; disease transmission; family size; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; meta analysis; statistics and numerical data; time; transmission; virology; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Family Characteristics; HIV Infections; Humans; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Viral Load	NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Diseases
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916244520	Viral load versus CD4+ monitoring and 5-year outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive children in Southern Africa: A cohort-based modelling study	Salazar-Vizcaya L., Keiser O., Technau K., Davies M.-A., Haas A.D., Blaser N., Cox V., Eley B., Rabie H., Moultrie H., Giddy J., Wood R., Egger M., Estill J.	2014	AIDS	28	16	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000446	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland; Rahima Moosa Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Khayelitsha ART Programme, Médecins Sans Frontières, India; Red Cross Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Salazar-Vizcaya, L., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland; Keiser, O., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland; Technau, K., Rahima Moosa Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Davies, M.-A., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Haas, A.D., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland; Blaser, N., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland; Cox, V., Khayelitsha ART Programme, Médecins Sans Frontières, India; Eley, B., Red Cross Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rabie, H., Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Moultrie, H., Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Giddy, J., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Egger, M., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Estill, J., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, Bern, Switzerland	Objectives: Many paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in Southern Africa rely on CD4+ to monitor ART. We assessed the benefit of replacing CD4+ by viral load monitoring.Design: A mathematical modelling study.Methods: A simulation model of HIV progression over 5 years in children on ART, parameterized by data from seven South African cohorts. We simulated treatment programmes with 6-monthly CD4+ or 6- or 12-monthly viral load monitoring. We compared mortality, second-line ART use, immunological failure and time spent on failing ART. In further analyses, we varied the rate of virological failure, and assumed that the rate is higher with CD4+ than with viral load monitoring.Results: About 7% of children were predicted to die within 5 years, independent of the monitoring strategy. Compared with CD4+ monitoring, 12-monthly viral load monitoring reduced the 5-year risk of immunological failure from 1.6 to 1.0% and the mean time spent on failing ART from 6.6 to 3.6 months; 1% of children with CD4+ compared with 12% with viral load monitoring switched to second-line ART. Differences became larger when assuming higher rates of virological failure. When assuming higher virological failure rates with CD4+ than with viral load monitoring, up to 4.2% of children with CD4+ compared with 1.5% with viral load monitoring experienced immunological failure; the mean time spent on failing ART was 27.3 months with CD4+ monitoring and 6.0 months with viral load monitoring.Conclusion: Viral load monitoring did not affect 5-year mortality, but reduced time on failing ART, improved immunological response and increased switching to second-line ART. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral therapy; Children; Mathematical model; Sub-Saharan Africa; Viral load monitoring	antivirus agent; nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; proteinase inhibitor; antiretrovirus agent; antiviral therapy; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; childhood disease; cohort analysis; disease course; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; mortality; outcome assessment; patient compliance; simulation; therapy; treatment failure; treatment outcome; virus load; adolescent; Africa; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; comparative study; drug monitoring; evaluation study; female; HIV Infections; immunology; infant; male; preschool child; procedures; survival; theoretical model; virology; Adolescent; Africa, Southern; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Drug Monitoring; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Models, Theoretical; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	32333B-150934, SNSF, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; 5U01-AI069924-05, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
WoS	WOS:000258761700016	Macroeconomic and household-level impacts of HIV/AIDS in Botswana	Jefferis, Keith,Kinghorn, Anthony,Siphambe, Happy,Thurlow, James	2008	AIDS	22	None	None	International Food Policy Research Institute, University of Botswana, Econsult Botswana, Hlth & Dev Africa	"Siphambe, Happy: University of Botswana","Thurlow, James: International Food Policy Research Institute",	Objective: To measure the impact of HlV/AIDS on economic growth and poverty in Botswana and estimate how providing treatment can mitigate its effects. Methods: Demographic and financial projections were combined with economic simulation models, including a macroeconomic growth model and a macro-microeconomic computable general equilibrium and microsimulation model. Results: HlV/AlDS significantly reduces economic growth and increases household poverty. The impact is now severe enough to be affecting the economy as a whole, and threatens to pull some of the uninfected population into poverty. Providing antiretroviral therapy can partly offset this negative effect. Treatment increases health's share of government expenditure only marginally, because it increases economic growth and because withholding treatment raises the cost of other health services. Conclusion: Botswana's treatment programme is appropriate from a macroeconomic perspective. Conducting macroeconomic impact assessments is important in countries where prevalence rates are particularly high. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	AIDS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BOTSWANA,"macroeconomic impact",POVERTY,AIDS,GROWTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951876879	HIV-subtype A is associated with poorer neuropsychological performance compared with subtype D in antiretroviral therapy-naive Ugandan children	Boivin M.J., Ruel T.D., Boal H.E., Bangirana P., Cao H., Eller L.A., Charlebois E., Havlir D.V., Kamya M.R., Achan J., Akello C., Wong J.K.	2010	AIDS	24	8	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283389dcc	International Neurologic and Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, CA, United States; Makerere University-Walter Reed Program, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Boivin, M.J., International Neurologic and Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Ruel, T.D., Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Boal, H.E., Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States; Bangirana, P., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Cao, H., California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, CA, United States; Eller, L.A., Makerere University-Walter Reed Program, Kampala, Uganda; Charlebois, E., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States; Havlir, D.V., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kamya, M.R., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Achan, J., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Akello, C., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Wong, J.K., Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Background: HIV-subtype D is associated with more rapid disease progression and higher rates of dementia in Ugandan adults compared with HIV-subtype A. There are no data comparing neuropsychological function by HIV subtype in Ugandan children. Design: One hundred and two HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive Ugandan children 6-12 years old (mean 8.9) completed the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (KABC-2), the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). Using a PCR-based multiregion assay with probe hybridization in five different regions (gag, pol, vpu, env, gp-41), HIV subtype was defined by hybridization in env and by total using two or more regions. Analysis of covariance was used for multivariate comparison. Results: The env subtype was determined in 54 (37 A, 16 D, 1 C) children. Subtype A and D groups were comparable by demographics, CD4 status, and WHO stage. Subtype A infections had higher log viral loads (median 5.0 vs. 4.6, P = 0.02). Children with A performed more poorly than those with D on all measures, especially on KABC-2 Sequential Processing (memory) (P = 0.01), Simultaneous Processing (visual-spatial analysis) (P = 0.005), Learning (P = 0.02), and TOVA visual attention (P = 0.04). When adjusted for viral load, Sequential and Simultaneous Processing remained significantly different. Results were similar comparing by total HIV subtype. Conclusion: HIV subtype A children demonstrated poorer neurocognitive performance than those with HIV subtype D. Subtype-specific neurocognitive deficits may reflect age-related differences in the neuropathogenesis of HIV. This may have important implications for when to initiate ART and the selection of drugs with greater central nervous system penetration. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Attention; CD activation; Children; Cognitive ability; Encephalopathy; HIV clades; Home environment; Memory; Motor; Viral load	antiretrovirus agent; Gag protein; glycoprotein gp 41; Pol protein; virus envelope protein; Vpu protein; article; Bruininks Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; comparative study; controlled study; depth perception; disease association; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; kaufman assessment battery for children; learning; major clinical study; male; neuropsychological test; polymerase chain reaction; preschool child; priority journal; school child; Test of Variables of Attention; Uganda; virus load; vision; AIDS Dementia Complex; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child; Disease Progression; Female; Genetic Variation; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; RNA, Viral; Uganda; Viral Tropism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922480936	Comparative performance of urinary lipoarabinomannan assays and Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected individuals	Shah M., Ssengooba W., Armstrong D., Nakiyingi L., Holshouser M., Ellner J.J., Joloba M., Manabe Y.C., Dorman S.E.	2014	AIDS	28	9	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000264	Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Boston Medical Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States	Shah, M., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ssengooba, W., Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Armstrong, D., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nakiyingi, L., Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Holshouser, M., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ellner, J.J., Boston Medical Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Joloba, M., Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Manabe, Y.C., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD, United States, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Dorman, S.E., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: Xpert MTB/RIF ('Xpert') and urinary lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assays offer rapid tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, but have suboptimal sensitivity when used individually in HIV-positive patients. The yield of these tests used in combination for the diagnosis of active TB among HIV-infected TB suspects is unknown. Design: Study of comparative diagnostic accuracy nested into a prospective study of HIV-infected individuals with signs and/or symptoms of TB in Uganda. Methods: Xpert testing of archived sputum was conducted for culture-confirmed TB cases and TB suspects in whom a diagnosis of TB was excluded. Additional testing included sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture (solid and liquid media), mycobacterial blood culture, and urinary testing for LAM using a lateral flow test ('LF-LAM') and an enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay ('ELISA-LAM'). Results: Among 103 participants with culture-confirmed TB, sensitivity of Xpert was 76% (95% confidence interval, CI 0.66-0.84), and was superior to that of LF-LAM (49%, 95% CI 0.39-0.59, P<0.001). Specificity was greater than 97% for both tests among 105 individuals without TB. The combination of smear microscopy and LF-LAM identified 67% (95% CI 0.57-0.76) of culture-confirmed TB cases and approached sensitivity of Xpert testing alone (P=0.15). The sensitivity of the combination of Xpert and LF-LAM was 85% (88/103 95% CI 0.77-0.92), which was superior to either test alone (P<0.05) and approached sensitivity of sputum liquid culture testing (94%, 95% CI 0.88-0.98, P=0.17). Conclusion: Sputum Xpert and urinary LAM assays were complementary for the diagnosis of active TB in HIV-infected patients, and sensitivity of the combination of these tests was superior to that of either test alone. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Diagnostics; HIV; Lipoarabinomannan; Tuberculosis; Xpert MTB/RIF	lipoarabinomannan; lipoarabinomannan; lipopolysaccharide; adult; Article; blood culture; CD4 lymphocyte count; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; fluorescence microscopy; hospital patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; immunosuppressive treatment; lipid analysis; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; outpatient; priority journal; prospective study; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; sputum analysis; sputum culture; sputum cytodiagnosis; sputum smear; tuberculosis; tuberculosis rapid test; Uganda; urinalysis; urinary lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay; comparative study; complication; evaluation study; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoaffinity chromatography; microbiology; molecular diagnosis; procedures; saliva; tuberculosis; urine; Adult; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunochromatography; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculosis; Uganda	NIAID, NIAID, National Institutes of Health; NIH, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-53549099373	Evaluation of the WHO criteria for antiretroviral treatment failure among adults in South Africa	Mee P., Fielding K.L., Charalambous S., Churchyard G.J., Grant A.D.	2008	AIDS	22	15	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830e4cd8	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom	Mee, P., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, MRC Clinical Trials Unit, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom; Fielding, K.L., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Charalambous, S., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Churchyard, G.J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objective: To assess the performance of WHO clinical and CD4 cell count criteria for antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure among HIV-infected adults in a workplace HIV care programme in South Africa. Design: Cohort study. Methods: We included initially ART-naive participants who remained on first-line therapy and had an evaluable HIV viral load result at the 12-month visit. WHO-defined clinical and CD4 cell count criteria for ART failure were compared against a gold standard of virological failure. Results: Among 324 individuals (97.5% men, median age 40.2, median starting CD4 cell count and viral load 154 cells/μl and 47 503 copies/ml, respectively), 33 (10.2%) had definite or probable virological failure at 12 months, compared with 19 (6.0%) and 40 (12.5%) with WHO-defined CD4 and clinical failure, respectively. CD4 criteria had a sensitivity of 21.2% and a specificity of 95.8% in detecting virological failure, and clinical criteria had sensitivity of 15.2% and specificity of 88.1%. The positive predictive value of CD4 and clinical criteria in detecting virological failure were 36.8 and 12.8%, respectively. Exclusion of weight loss or tuberculosis failed to improve the performance of clinical criteria. Conclusion: WHO clinical and CD4 criteria have poor sensitivity and specificity in detecting virological failure. The low specificities and positive predictive values mean that individuals with adequate virological suppression risk being incorrectly classified as having treatment failure and unnecessarily switched to second-line therapy. Virological failure should be confirmed before switching to second-line therapy. © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral therapy; Developing countries; Drug monitoring; HIV infections	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; zidovudine; adult; article; bacterial pneumonia; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; drug treatment failure; enteritis; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; female; gold standard; health program; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; leukoplakia; major clinical study; male; neutropenia; predictive validity; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sinusitis; South Africa; thrush; virology; virus inhibition; virus load; weight reduction; world health organization; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resistance, Viral; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Failure; Viral Load; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84965082032	Modelling the impact and cost-effectiveness of combination prevention amongst HIV serodiscordant couples in Nigeria	Mitchell K.M., Lépine A., Terris-Prestholt F., Torpey K., Khamofu H., Folayan M.O., Musa J., Anenih J., Sagay A.S., Alhassan E., Idoko J., Vickerman P.	2015	AIDS	29	15	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000798	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Family Health International, Abuja, Nigeria; Obafemi Awolowo University, New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria; University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; National Ag	Mitchell, K.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom; Lépine, A., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Terris-Prestholt, F., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Torpey, K., Family Health International, Abuja, Nigeria; Khamofu, H., Family Health International, Abuja, Nigeria; Folayan, M.O., Obafemi Awolowo University, New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria; Musa, J., University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Anenih, J., National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria; Sagay, A.S., University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Alhassan, E., National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria; Idoko, J., National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria; Vickerman, P., University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom	Objective: To estimate the impact and cost-effectiveness of treatment as prevention (TasP), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and condom promotion for serodiscordant couples in Nigeria. Design: Mathematical and cost modelling. Methods: A deterministic model of HIV-1 transmission within a cohort of serodiscordant couples and to/from external partners was parameterized using data from Nigeria and other African settings. The impact and cost-effectiveness were estimated for condom promotion, PrEP and/or TasP, compared with a baseline where antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered according to 2010 national guidelines (CD4+ &lt;350cells/μl) to all HIV-positive partners. The impact was additionally compared with a baseline of current ART coverage (35% of those with CD4+ &lt;350cells/μl). Full costs (in US $2012) of programme introduction and implementation were estimated from a provider perspective. Results: Substantial benefits came from scaling up ART to all HIV-positive partners according to 2010 national guidelines, with additional smaller benefits of providing TasP, PrEP or condom promotion. Compared with a baseline of offering ART to all HIV-positive partners at the 2010 national guidelines, condom promotion was the most cost-effective strategy [US $1206/disability-adjusted-life-year (DALY)], the next most cost-effective intervention was to additionally give TasP to HIV-positive partners (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio US $1607/DALY), followed by additionally giving PrEP to HIV-negative partners until their HIV-positive partners initiate ART (US $7870/DALY). When impact was measured in terms of infections averted, PrEP with condom promotion prevented double the number of infections as condom promotion alone. Conclusions: The first priority intervention for serodiscordant couples in Nigeria should be scaled up ART access for HIV-positive partners. Subsequent incremental benefits are greatest with condom promotion and TasP, followed by PrEP. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	antiretroviral therapy; condom; disability-adjusted life years; mathematical models; pre-exposure prophylaxis; treatment as prevention	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884499092	Realtime adherence monitoring of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults and children in rural Uganda	Haberer J.E., Kiwanuka J., Nansera D., Muzoora C., Hunt P.W., So J., O'Donnell M., Siedner M., Martin J.N., Bangsberg D.R.	2013	AIDS	27	13	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328363b53f	MGH Center for Global Health, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Haberer, J.E., MGH Center for Global Health, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Kiwanuka, J., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Nansera, D., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Muzoora, C., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Hunt, P.W., University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; So, J., University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; O'Donnell, M., MGH Center for Global Health, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Siedner, M., MGH Center for Global Health, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martin, J.N., University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Bangsberg, D.R., MGH Center for Global Health, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda	A real-time wireless electronic adherence monitor (EAM) and weekly self-report of missed doses via interactive voice response (IVR) and short message service (SMS) queries were used to measure antiretroviral therapy adherence in 49 adults and 46 children in rural Uganda. Median adherence was 89.5% among adults and 92.8% among children by EAM, and 99-100% for both adults and children by IVR/SMS self-report. Loss of viral suppression was significantly associated with adherence by EAM (odds ratio 0.58 for each 10% increase), but not IVR/SMS. Wireless EAM creates an exciting opportunity to monitor and potentially intervene with adherence challenges as they are happening. © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	antiretrovirus agent; nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; virus RNA; antiviral therapy; article; child; drug monitoring; electronic adherence monitor; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information system; interactive voice response system; major clinical study; male; medication compliance; monitor; priority journal; rural area; school child; self report; short message service; Uganda; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Medication Adherence; Reminder Systems; Rural Population; Uganda; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67049144187	Estimating the public health impact of the effect of herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy on plasma HIV-1 viral load	Baggaley R.F., Griffin J.T., Chapman R., Hollingsworth T.D., Nagot N., Delany S., Mayaud P., De Wolf F., Fraser C., Ghani A.C., Weiss H.A.	2009	AIDS	23	8	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832aadf2	MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Universite Montpellier 1, EA 4205 Transmission, Pathogenese et Prevention de I'infection par le VIH, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Baggaley, R.F., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Griffin, J.T., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Chapman, R., lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hollingsworth, T.D., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Nagot, N., Universite Montpellier 1, EA 4205 Transmission, Pathogenese et Prevention de I'infection par le VIH, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Delany, S., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; De Wolf, F., HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Fraser, C., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Ghani, A.C., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Weiss, H.A., lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objective: Trials of herpes simplex virus (HSV) suppressive therapy among HSV-2/ HIV-1-infected individuals have reported an impact on plasma HIV-1 viral loads (PVLs). Our aim was to estimate the population-level impact of suppressive therapy on female-to-male HIV-1 sexual transmission. Design and methods: By comparing prerandomization and postrandomization individual-level PVL data from the first two HSV suppressive therapy randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa, we estimated the effect of treatment on duration of asymptomatic infection and number of HIV-1 transmission events for each trial. Results: Assuming that a reduction in PVL is accompanied by an increased duration of HIV-1 asymptomatic infection, 4-6 years of HSV suppressive therapy produce a 1 -year increase in the duration of this stage. To avert one HIV-1 transmission requires 8.8 [95% confidence interval (Cl), 5.9-14.9] and 11.4 (95% Cl, 7.8-27.5) women to be treated from halfway through their HIV-1 asymptomatic period, using results from Burkina Faso and South African trials, respectively. Regardless of the timing of treatment initiation, 51.6 (95% Cl, 30.4-137.0) and 66.5 (95% Cl, 36.7-222.6) treatment-years are required to avert one HIV-1 infection. Distributions of set-point PVL values from sub-Saharan African populations suggest that unintended adverse consequences of therapy at the population level (i.e. increased HIV-1 transmission due to increased duration of infection) are unlikely to occur in these settings. Conclusion: HSV suppressive therapy may avert relatively few HIV-1 transmission events per person-year of treatment. Its use as a prevention intervention may be limited; however, further research into its effect on rate of CD4 cell count decline and the impact of higher dosing schedules is warranted. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Acyclovir; Herpes simplex virus type 2; HIV; Suppressive therapy; Transmission; Valacyclovir; Viral load	immunosuppressive agent; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; disease duration; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; priority journal; public health; randomized controlled trial; sexual transmission; treatment duration; virus load; Africa South of the Sahara; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Public Health; RNA, Viral	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052403045	Impact of lamivudine on HIV and hepatitis B virus-related outcomes in HIV/hepatitis B virus individuals in a randomized clinical trial of antiretroviral therapy in southern Africa	Matthews G.V., Manzini P., Hu Z., Khabo P., Maja P., Matchaba G., Sangweni P., Metcalf J., Pool N., Orsega S., Emery S.	2011	AIDS	25	14	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328349bbf3	National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Cnr West and Boundary Streets, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Project PHIDISA, South African Military Health Services, South African National Defence Force, Centurion, South Africa; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Bio-Analytical Research Corporation PTY LTD, Johannesburg, South Africa	Matthews, G.V., National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Cnr West and Boundary Streets, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Manzini, P., Project PHIDISA, South African Military Health Services, South African National Defence Force, Centurion, South Africa; Hu, Z., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Khabo, P., Project PHIDISA, South African Military Health Services, South African National Defence Force, Centurion, South Africa; Maja, P., Project PHIDISA, South African Military Health Services, South African National Defence Force, Centurion, South Africa; Matchaba, G., Project PHIDISA, South African Military Health Services, South African National Defence Force, Centurion, South Africa; Sangweni, P., Project PHIDISA, South African Military Health Services, South African National Defence Force, Centurion, South Africa; Metcalf, J., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Pool, N., Bio-Analytical Research Corporation PTY LTD, Johannesburg, South Africa; Orsega, S., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Emery, S., National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Cnr West and Boundary Streets, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia	Objective: To examine HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related outcomes in HIV/HBV-coinfected participants in the PHIDISA II study by use of HBV-active vs. non-HBV-active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design and Methods: PHIDISA II was a randomized study of ART therapy in HIV-infected adults employing zidovudine along with didanosine, or lamivudine along with stavudine in a factorial 2x2 design. HIV/HBV-coinfected participants by randomization received HBV-active or non-HBV-active ART. The following outcomes of interest were examined: immunological recovery and HIV RNA suppression; hepatic flare; HBV DNA suppression; and mortality. Results: HIV/HBV coinfection was present in 106 of 1771 (6%) of participants. Participants with HIV/HBV coinfection were more likely to be men, and have higher baseline alanine aminotransferase, lower albumin, and lower platelets than those with HIV monoinfection. Median CD4 + cell gain and HIV RNA suppression was similar across all groups. Hepatic flare was observed in 9.4% of coinfected and 0.02% monoinfected participants. HBV DNA suppression (&lt;55IU/ml) at week 48 was observed in only 33% of those on lamivudine vs. 13% in those on no HBV-active drugs (P=0.13). Mortality over follow-up was significantly greater in coinfected (17%) than monoinfected (11%) participants (P=0.04). Conclusion: In summary, the use of lamivudine-containing ART in HIV/HBV participants in PHIDISA II resulted in little additional benefit over that of ART itself and failed to impact on the greater mortality in this group. These data provide strong support for recent guidelines advocating the use of tenofovir in all HIV-HBV-coinfected individuals initiating ART. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	hepatitis B; HIV; lamivudine; mortality; randomized controlled trial; South Africa	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; didanosine; lamivudine; stavudine; virus DNA; virus RNA; zidovudine; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; article; combination chemotherapy; disease exacerbation; female; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; mortality; priority journal; randomized controlled trial (topic); South Africa; thrombocyte count; Adult; Africa, Southern; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Didanosine; Female; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; HIV-1; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lamivudine; Male; Stavudine; Treatment Outcome	None
None	None	The impact of the HIV epidemic on tuberculosis transmission in Tanzania	Egwaga S.M., Cobelens F.G., Muwinge H., Verhage C., Kalisvaart N., Borgdorff M.W.	2006	AIDS	20	6	10.1097/01.aids.0000218557.44284.83	National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, PO Box 146, 2501 CC The Hague, Netherlands	Egwaga, S.M., National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Cobelens, F.G., KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, PO Box 146, 2501 CC The Hague, Netherlands; Muwinge, H., National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Verhage, C., KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands; Kalisvaart, N., KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands; Borgdorff, M.W., KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands, Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Objective: To assess the impact of the HIV epidemic on tuberculosis transmission in Tanzania by estimating the trend in annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) over the period 1983-2003. Design: Tuberculin survey among school children aged 6-14 years, randomly selected by cluster sampling. Methods: Primary outcome was the ARTI among children without a BCG vaccination scar. To obtain time trends, data were reanalysed from three previous surveys carried out at intervals of 5 years since 1983, using identical methods and definitions. Results: Of 96 226 children included in the analysis (74% of those enrolled), 10 239 (11%) had no BCG scar. The ARTI was 0.68% (95% confidence interval 0.55-0.81). Despite a doubling of notification rates of smear-positive tuberculosis since 1983, this represents an average annual decline since the first survey of 2.7% (P < 0.001). The declining trend in ARTI was observed in 17 of 20 regions, with no association between this trend and region-specific prevalence of HIV infection among patients with tuberculosis (P= 0.575). A similar decline in ARTI was observed among children with a BCG scar and for various ways of estimating the prevalence of tuberculosis infection from the distribution of skin test reactions. Conclusion: Despite substantial increases in tuberculosis incidence, the overall population-level effect of the HIV epidemic on tuberculosis transmission in Tanzania has been limited. This suggests that in the presence of a strong control programme, the HIV epidemic has limited impact on tuberculosis transmission. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Health surveys; HIV infections; Tanzania; Tuberculin test; Tuberculosis	BCG vaccine; article; blood smear; disease transmission; epidemic; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; infection risk; priority journal; Tanzania; tuberculin test; tuberculosis; Adolescent; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Child; Developing Countries; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Tanzania; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547674873	The uneven impact of AIDS in a polarized society	Marais H.	2007	AIDS	21	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/01.aids.0000279691.76900.8b	PO Box 1363, Gallo Manor 2052, Johannesburg, South Africa	Marais, H.PO Box 1363, Gallo Manor 2052, Johannesburg, South Africa	Literature on the impact of serious AIDS epidemics anticipates severe outcomes, and places special emphasis on the epidemic's likely effects on productive and governance capacities. Implicit in many impact scenarios is the assumption that the effects are distributed more or less uniformly across society, and are channeled 'naturally' through and across sectors. This article examines evidence of the AIDS epidemic's impact at household level, and in the health, education and economic sectors of South Africa. It shows that the epidemic's impact is strongly shaped by the highly unequal distribution of power, entitlement, risk and responsibility in South Africa. The article concludes that many of the costs associated with the AIDS epidemic are being displaced into the lives, homes and neighbourhoods of poorer South Africans, especially black African women - thus deepening poverty trends, as well as reproducing and hardening the polarized character of South African society. Priority steps to remedy these trends are outlined. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	AIDS; HIV; Home-based care; Household; Impact; Inequality; Poverty; Social protection; Women; Workplace	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; community care; economic aspect; epidemic; health care cost; health care facility; health care organization; health care personnel; health care system; health service; highly active antiretroviral therapy; home care; hospitalization; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medical literature; morbidity; mortality; outcome assessment; poverty; priority journal; responsibility; risk assessment; social status; society; South Africa; workplace; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Community Health Services; Costs and Cost Analysis; Disease Outbreaks; Educational Status; Female; Home Care Services; Humans; Male; Poverty; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650304104	Impact of tuberculosis cotreatment on viral suppression rates among HIV-positive children initiating HAART	Zanoni B.C., Phungula T., Zanoni H.M., France H., Feeney M.E.	2011	AIDS	25	1	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833f9e04	Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charlestown, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Sinikithemba Clinic and Philani Program, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Zanoni, B.C., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charlestown, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Sinikithemba Clinic and Philani Program, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Phungula, T., Sinikithemba Clinic and Philani Program, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Zanoni, H.M., Sinikithemba Clinic and Philani Program, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; France, H., Sinikithemba Clinic and Philani Program, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Feeney, M.E., Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charlestown, United States, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Objective: To evaluate the association between treatment of HIV-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection and primary virologic failure among children initiating antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1029 children initiating antiretroviral therapy at two medical centers in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, a region of very high TB incidence. Methods: Data were extracted from electronic medical records and charts and the impact of TB cotreatment on viral suppression at 6 and 12 months was assessed using logistic regression. Results: The overall rate of virologic suppression (<400 HIV RNA copies/ml) was 85% at 6 months and 87% at 12 months. Children who received concurrent treatment for TB had a significantly lower rate of virologic suppression at 6 months (79 vs. 88%; P = 0.003). Those who received nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based HAART had similar rates of viral suppression regardless of whether they received concurrent TB therapy. In contrast, children who received protease inhibitor-based HAART had significantly lower viral suppression rates at both 6 and 12 months if treated concurrently for TB (P = 0.02 and 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age at initiation, protease inhibitor therapy, and TB coinfection were each independently associated with primary virologic failure. Conclusion: Concurrent treatment for TB is associated with lower rates of viral suppression among children receiving protease inhibitor-based HAART, but not among those receiving nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based HAART. Guidelines for the care of young HIV-TB coinfected infants should be continually evaluated, as protease inhibitor-based antiviral therapy may not provide optimal viral suppression in this population. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	children; HAART; HIV; resource-limited setting; tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; ethionamide; isoniazid; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; proteinase inhibitor; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; virus RNA; article; child; cohort analysis; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; nonhuman; patient care; priority journal; recommended drug dose; retrospective study; South Africa; tuberculosis; tuberculous meningitis; virus inhibition; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antitubercular Agents; Female; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; RNA, Viral; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248551114	WHO HIV clinical staging or CD4 cell counts for antiretroviral therapy eligibility assessment? An evaluation in rural Rakai district, Uganda	Kagaayi J., Makumbi F., Nakigozi G., Wawer M.J., Gray R.H., Serwadda D., Reynolds S.J.	2007	AIDS	21	9	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32810c8dce	Rakai Health Sciences Programme, Rakai, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Kagaayi, J., Rakai Health Sciences Programme, Rakai, Uganda; Makumbi, F., Rakai Health Sciences Programme, Rakai, Uganda; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Programme, Rakai, Uganda; Wawer, M.J., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Serwadda, D., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Reynolds, S.J., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	The ability of WHO clinical staging to predict CD4 cell counts of 200 cells/μl or less was evaluated among 1221 patients screened for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Sensitivity was 51% and specificity was 88%. The positive predictive value was 64% and the negative predictive value was 81%. Clinical criteria missed half the patients with CD4 cell counts of 200 cells/μl or less, highlighting the importance of CD4 cell measurements for the scale-up of ART provision in resource-limited settings. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	None	adult; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical assessment; clinical evaluation; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic value; female; human; major clinical study; male; prediction; priority journal; scale up; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; world health organization; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; HIV Infections; Humans; Rural Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62349083377	Impact of aciclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA in HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in South Africa	Delany S., Mlaba N., Clayton T., Akpomiemie G., Capovilla A., Legoff J., Belec L., Stevens W., Rees H., Mayaud P.	2009	AIDS	23	4	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831db217	Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, France; Université Paris V, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 18512, Hillbrow, Johannesburg 2038, South Africa	Delany, S., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 18512, Hillbrow, Johannesburg 2038, South Africa; Mlaba, N., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clayton, T., Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Akpomiemie, G., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Capovilla, A., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Legoff, J., Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, France; Belec, L., Université Paris V, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rees, H., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Several studies suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) may enhance HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aciclovir 400 mg twice daily for 3 months in 300 HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women not yet on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Participants were evaluated prerandomization and at monthly visits for 3 months. Primary outcomes were the detection and quantity of genital HIV-1 RNA at the month 3 (M3) visit. Analyses were also undertaken using data from all visits. The treatment effects on plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4 + cell count and genital HSV-2 DNA were also assessed. Results: At M3 fewer women had detectable genital HIV in the aciclovir group compared to placebo, but this was not significant [61/132 (46%) vs. 71/137 (52%), risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.14; P = 0.36]. There was also little difference in quantity of HIV-1 RNA among shedders(+0.13 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.39) at M3. However, aciclovir significantly decreased the frequency of HIV-1 shedding over all visits [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.89]. Significant reductions in M3 plasma HIV-1 RNA (-0.34 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI 0.15-0.54), genital HSV-2 DNA (8 vs. 20%, RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.73) and genital ulceration (8 vs. 18%, RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84) were observed in the aciclovir group. Conclusion: HSV-2 suppressive therapy, by reducing HIV-1 plasma viral load and altering the pattern of genital HIV-1 shedding, may contribute to the reduction in sexual transmission of HIV-1 and may delay the requirement for HAART initiation. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health|Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	Aciclovir; Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); HIV-1; Randomized controlled trial; South Africa; Suppressive therapy	aciclovir; placebo; virus DNA; virus RNA; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical trial; concurrent infection; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; disease course; double blind procedure; drug efficacy; female; genital herpes; genital ulcer; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; treatment outcome; virus transmission; Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cervix Uteri; DNA, Viral; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Middle Aged; RNA, Viral; Sexual Behavior; Specimen Handling; Treatment Outcome; Vagina; Virus Shedding; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893335914	Predicted levels of HIV drug resistance: Potential impact of expanding diagnosis, retention, and eligibility criteria for antiretroviral therapy initiation	Cambiano V., Bertagnolio S., Jordan M.R., Pillay D., Perriëns J.H., Venter F., Lundgren J., Phillips A.	2014	AIDS	28	SUPPL. 1	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000082	Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Cambiano, V., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; Bertagnolio, S., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Jordan, M.R., Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Pillay, D., Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Perriëns, J.H., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Venter, F., Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lundgren, J., Department of Infectious Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Phillips, A., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND:: There is concern that the expansion of antiretroviral roll-out may impact future drug resistance levels and hence compromise the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at an individual and population level. We aimed to predict future drug resistance in South Africa and its long-term effects. METHODS:: The previously validated HIV Synthesis model was calibrated to South Africa. Resistance was modeled at the level of single mutations, transmission potential, persistence, and effect on drug activity. RESULTS:: We estimate 652 000 people (90% uncertainty range: 543 000-744 000) are living with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs)-resistant virus in South Africa, 275 000 in majority virus [Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant virus present in majority virus (NRMV)] with an unsuppressed viral load. If current diagnosis and retention in care and eligibility criteria are maintained, in 20 years' time HIV incidence is projected to have declined by 22% (95% confidence interval, CI -23 to -21%), and the number of people carrying NNRTI resistance to be 2.9-fold higher. If enhancements in diagnosis and retention in care occur, and ART is initiated at CD4 cell count less than 500 cells/μl, HIV incidence is projected to decline by 36% (95% CI: -37 to -36%) and the number of people with NNRTI resistance to be 4.1-fold higher than currently. Prevalence of people with viral load more than 500 copies/ml carrying NRMV is not projected to differ markedly according to future ART initiation policy, given the current level of diagnosis and retention are maintained. CONCLUSION:: Prevalence of resistance is projected to increase substantially. However, introduction of policies to increase ART coverage is not expected to lead to appreciably higher prevalence of HIV-positive people with resistance and viral load more than 500 copies/ml. Concern over resistance should not stop expansion of treatment availability.	Antiretroviral therapy for prevention; antiretroviral treatment; drug resistance; HIV; mathematical model; prevention; South Africa; test and treat	nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; adolescent; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral resistance; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; disease course; drug activity; epidemic; health care policy; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; incidence; infection prevention; major clinical study; mathematical model; middle aged; mortality; nonhuman; patient care; priority journal; sexual transmission; South Africa; virus load; virus mutation; virus resistance; virus transmission; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Drug Resistance, Viral; Drug Utilization; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Prevalence; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147124299	The impact of male circumcision on HIV incidence and cost per infection prevented: A stochastic simulation model from Rakai, Uganda	Gray R.H., Li X., Kigozi G., Serwadda D., Nalugoda F., Watya S., Reynolds S.J., Wawer M.	2007	AIDS	21	7	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280187544	School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States; University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States; National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MA, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Urology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	Gray, R.H., School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Li, X., School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States; Kigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Nalugoda, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Watya, S., Department of Urology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Reynolds, S.J., University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MA, United States; Wawer, M., School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States	OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of male circumcision on HIV incidence, the number of procedures per HIV infection averted, and costs per infection averted. METHODS: A stochastic simulation model with empirically derived parameters from a cohort in Rakai, Uganda was used to estimate HIV incidence, assuming that male circumcision reduced the risks of HIV acquisition with rate ratios (RR) ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 in men, their female partners, and in both sexes combined, with circumcision coverage 0-100%. The reproductive number (R0) was also estimated. The number of HIV infections averted per circumcision was estimated from the incident cases in the absence of surgery minus the projected number of incident cases over 10 years following circumcision. The cost per procedure ($69.00) was used to estimate the cost per HIV infection averted. RESULTS: Baseline HIV incidence was 1.2/100 person-years. Male circumcision could markedly reduce HIV incidence in this population, particularly if there was preventative efficacy in both sexes. Under many scenarios, with RR ≤ 0.5, circumcision could reduce R0 to < 1.0 and potentially abort the epidemic. The number of surgeries per infection averted over 10 years was 19-58, and the costs per infection averted was $1269-3911, depending on the efficacy of circumcision for either or both sexes, assuming 75% service coverage. However, behavioral disinhibition could offset any benefits of circumcision. CONCLUSION: Male circumcision could have substantial impact on the HIV epidemic and provide a cost-effective prevention strategy if benefits are not countered by behavioral disinhibition. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Cost per infection; HIV incidence; Male circumcision; Uganda	adolescent; adult; article; circumcision; cost benefit analysis; cost effectiveness analysis; female; health behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infection control; major clinical study; male; priority journal; prophylaxis; reproduction; risk reduction; simulation; stochastic model; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Circumcision, Male; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Health Care Costs; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Stochastic Processes; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000248626000010	Evaluation of a workplace HIV treatment programme in South Africa	Charalambous, Salome,Churchyard, Gavin J.,Fielding, Katherine,Grant, Alison,Hamilton, Robin,Innes, Craig,Kumaranayake, Lilani,Muirhead, Debbie,Pemba, Lindiwe	2007	AIDS	21	None	None	University of Kwazulu Natal, University of London, Aurum Inst Hlth Res	None	Objective: To review the experience of implementing a workplace HIV care programme in South Africa and describe treatment outcomes in sequential cohorts of individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: A review of an industrial HIV care and treatment programme. Between October 2002 and December 2005, 2262 patients enrolled in the HIV care programme. Results: CD4 cell counts increased by a median of 90, 113 and 164cells/mu l by 6, 12 and 24 months on treatment, respectively. The viral load was suppressed below 400 copies/ml in 75, 72 and 72% of patients at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively, at an average cost of US$1654, 3567 and 7883 per patient virally suppressed, respectively. Treatment outcomes in sequential cohorts of patients were consistent overtime. A total of 93.6% of patients at 14752 clinic visits reported missing no tablets over the previous 3 days. Almost half the patients (46.8%) experienced one or more adverse events, although most were mild (78.7%). By the end of December 2005, 30% of patients were no longer on ART, mostly because of defaulted or stopped treatment (12.8%), termination of employment (8.2%), or death (4.9%). Conclusion: This large workplace programme achieved virological results among individuals retained in the programme comparable to those reported for developed countries; more work is needed to improve retention. Monitoring treatment outcomes in sequential cohorts is a useful way of monitoring programme performance. As the programme has matured, the costs of programme implementation have reduced. Counselling is a central component of an ART programme. Challenges in implementing a workplace ART programme are similar to the challenges of public-sector programmes. (c) 2007 Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",COHORT,HIV,INDUSTRIAL,programmes,"VIRAL LOAD","ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",MALAWI,"VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000249645000014	Biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: a community-randomized trial	Anemona, Alessandra,Balira, Rebecca,Changalucha, John,Cleophas-Mazige, Bernadette,Everett, Dean,Gavyole, Awene,Grosskurth, Heiner,Hayes, Richard J.,Mabey, David C.,Makokha, Maende J.,Mosha, Frank,Obasi, Angela I. N.,Parry, John V.,Plummer, Mary L.,Ross, D	2007	AIDS	21	14	None	University of London, Mwanza Ctr	None	Objective: The impact of a multicomponent intervention programme on the sexual health of adolescents was assessed in rural Tanzania. Design: A community-randomized trial. Methods: Twenty communities were randomly allocated to receive either a specially designed programme of interventions (intervention group) or standard activities (comparison group). The intervention had four components: community activities; teacher-led, peer-assisted sexual health education in years 5-7 of primary school; training and supervision of health workers to provide 'youth-friendly' sexual health services; and peer condom social marketing. Impacts on HIV incidence, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) and other sexual health outcomes were evaluated over approximately 3 years in 9645 adolescents recruited in late 1998 before entering years 5, 6 or 7 of primary school. Results: The intervention had a significant impact on knowledge and reported attitudes, reported sexually transmitted infection symptoms, and several behavioural outcomes. Only five HIV seroconversions occurred in boys, whereas in girls the adjusted rate ratio (intervention versus comparison) was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34, 1.66]. Overall HSV2 prevalences at follow-up were 11.9% in male and 21.1% in female participants, with adjusted prevalence ratios of 0.92 (CI 0.69, 1.22) and 1.05 (CI 0.83, 1.32), respectively. There was no consistent beneficial or adverse impact on other biological outcomes. The beneficial impact on knowledge and reported attitudes was confirmed by results of a school examination in a separate group of students in mid-2002. Conclusion: The intervention substantially improved knowledge, reported attitudes and some reported sexual behaviours, especially in boys, but had no consistent impact on biological outcomes within the 3-year trial period. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	ADOLESCENTS,HIV,"PREGNANCY PREVENTION","SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS",Tanzania,"AIDS EDUCATION",HIV,IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,PREGNANCIES,"REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH","RISK REDUCTION","RURAL TANZANIA",SELF-REPORT,"TRANSMITTED DISEASES",TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349208440	The WHOMEN's scale (women's HAART optimism monitoring and EvaluatioN scale v.1) and the association with fertility intentions and sexual behaviours among HIV-positive women in Uganda	Kaida A., Lima V.D., Andia I., Kabakyenga J., Mbabazi P., Emenyonu N., Patterson T.L., Hogg R.S., Bangsberg D.R.	2009	AIDS and Behavior	13	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s10461-009-9553-y	BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC, Canada; Harvard Medical School/MGH, Boston, MA, United States	Kaida, A., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Lima, V.D., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Andia, I., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Kabakyenga, J., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Mbabazi, P., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Emenyonu, N., University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States; Patterson, T.L., University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Hogg, R.S., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC, Canada; Bangsberg, D.R., Harvard Medical School/MGH, Boston, MA, United States	The objective of this study was to develop a reliable HAART optimism scale among HIV-positive women in Uganda and to test the scale's validity against measures of fertility intentions, sexual activity, and unprotected sexual intercourse. We used cross-sectional survey data of 540 women (18-50 years) attending Mbarara University's HIV clinic in Uganda. Women were asked how much they agreed or disagreed with 23 statements about HAART. Data were subjected to a principal components and factor analyses. Subsequently, we tested the association between the scale and fertility intentions and sexual behaviour using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Factor analysis yielded three factors, one of which was an eight-item HAART optimism scale with moderately high internal consistency (α = 0.70). Women who reported that they intended to have (more) children had significantly higher HAART optimism scores (median = 13.5 [IQR: 12-16]) than women who did not intend to have (more) children (median = 10.5 [IQR: 8-12]; P < 0.0001). Similarly, women who were sexually active and who reported practicing unprotected sexual intercourse had significantly higher HAART optimism scores than women who were sexually abstinent or who practiced protected sexual intercourse. Our reliable and valid scale, termed the Women's HAART Optimism Monitoring and EvaluatioN scale (WHOMEN's scale), may be valuable to broader studies investigating the role of HAART optimism on reproductive intentions and sexual behaviours of HIV-positive women in high HIV prevalence settings. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fertility intentions; HAART; HAART optimism; HAART optimism scale; HIV; Scale; Sexual behaviour; Uganda; Women	adult; article; factorial analysis; female; fertility; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; prevalence; rank sum test; reproduction; scoring system; sexual behavior; sexual intercourse; Uganda; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Attitude to Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fertility; HIV Infections; Humans; Intention; Interviews as Topic; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626659	Monitoring microbicide gel use with real-time notification of the container's opening events: Results of the CAPRISA wisebag study	Gengiah T.N., Upfold M., Naidoo A., Mansoor L.E., Feldblum P.J., Abdool Karim Q., Abdool Karim S.S.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0750-y	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Gengiah, T.N., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Upfold, M., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, A., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Mansoor, L.E., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Feldblum, P.J., FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Abdool Karim, Q., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States; Abdool Karim, S.S., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Accurate estimation of the effectiveness of a microbicide for HIV prevention requires valid measurement of adherence to product use. A microbicide gel applicator container (Wisebag), fitted with cell phone technology to transmit opening events and text message reminders, was developed to monitor each opening event of the container as a proxy for gel use and adherence. Ten women were enrolled in a pilot study and followed for up to 4 months. Wisebag opening (WBO) dates and times were recorded and correlated with self-reported sex acts and gel applicator returns. During the 33 monthly follow-up visits, 47.8 % (77/161) of the recorded number of WBO events were concordant with the number of empty (used) applicators returned. The discrepancies were likely due to removal of more than one applicator during a single opening event. When the date and time of the WBO event data was assessed in relation to three different self-report adherence measures, agreement was fairly modest. The Wisebag was found to be acceptable as a storage container and the cell phone reminders generated were useful in supporting the dosing strategy. We recommend that the Wisebag be considered for larger scale and lengthier testing in microbicide trials. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Clinical trials; Electronic monitoring; HIV prevention; Microbicides	antiinfective agent; gel; adult; coitus; devices; drug delivery system; feasibility study; female; follow up; gel; HIV Infections; human; intravaginal drug administration; medication compliance; mobile phone; pilot study; questionnaire; text messaging; Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Phones; Coitus; Drug Delivery Systems; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gels; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires; Text Messaging	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959987568	The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on activities of daily living in HIV-infected adults in South Africa	Kakinami L., De Bruyn G., Pronyk P., Mohapi L., Tshabangu N., Moshabela M., McIntyre J., Martinson N.A.	2011	AIDS and Behavior	15	4	10.1007/s10461-010-9776-y	Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, Box 644, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Kakinami, L., Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, Box 644, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; De Bruyn, G., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pronyk, P., Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mohapi, L., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tshabangu, N., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moshabela, M., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McIntyre, J., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Martinson, N.A., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	This study investigated the relationship between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among two clinical cohorts in South Africa. Between 2003 and 2008 structured questionnaires were administered to HIV-positive patients attending outpatient clinics at an urban hospital (Soweto, n = 3,081) and a rural hospital (Acornhoek, n = 1,247). Among those receiving help, an average of 4.8 and 5.1 h of assistance with IADLs daily was reported (rural and urban participants, respectively), with the patient's mother and children assisting the most. Participants on HAART were 17 and 41% less likely to receive assistance with IADLs in the rural and urban cohorts, respectively, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, healthcare utilization, and CD4 counts. HAART significantly decreased the IADL assistance among patients in South Africa. Alongside clinical benefits, HAART has the potential to reduce the burden of HIV-related care, potentially extending wider social and economic gains to other family members. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Antiretroviral therapy; Family; HIV; Household economy; Indirect benefits; Instrumental activities of daily living; South Africa	adult; aged; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; daily life activity; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; middle aged; outpatient department; quality of life; questionnaire; rural population; socioeconomics; South Africa; treatment outcome; urban population; virology; virus load; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Urban Population; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905574645	First evaluation of a population-based screen to detect emotional-behavior disorders in orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa	Sharp C., Venta A., Marais L., Skinner D., Lenka M., Serekoane J.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	6	10.1007/s10461-014-0739-6	Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Sharp, C., Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Venta, A., Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Marais, L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Skinner, D., Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lenka, M., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Serekoane, J., Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic which has left 12 million children orphaned in Sub-Saharan Africa, children are at increased risk for mental health problems. Currently, no validity data exist for any screening measure of emotional-behavior disorders in pre-adolescent children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the construct validity of the caregiver-, teacher-, and self-report versions of the one-page Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 466 orphans in South Africa between the ages of 7 and 11 (Mage = 9.23 years, SD = 1.33, 51.93 % female) and to provide, for the first time, clinical cut-offs for this population. Findings demonstrated support for the caregiver SDQ, but not the teacher and self-report versions. We provide clinical cut-offs, but caution their use before further research is conducted. There remains a critical need for further psychometric studies of the SDQ in the developing world. Resumen Debido a la pandemia de VIH /SIDA que ha dejado a 12 millones de niños huérfanos en Á frica subsahariana, los niños tienen un riesgo mayor de tener problemas de salud mental. Actualmente, no hay data para validar ningún cuestionario de trastornos emocionales y de comportamiento en los niños pre-adolescentes en el Á frica subsahariana. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la validez de constructo de varias versiones (completadas por cuidador, maestro, y autoinforme) de un cuestionario de una página, el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), en 466 huérfanos en Sudáfrica entre las edades de 7 y 11 (M = 9.23 años, SD = 1.33, 51.93 % mujeres) y describir, por primera vez, los puntos de estratificación para esta población. Los resultados demuestran apoyo para la versión SDQ completada por el cuidador, pero no la versión completada por el maestro ni por autoinforme. Ofrecemos puntos de estratificación, pero advertimos contra su uso antes de que se realicen más investigaciones. Sigue habiendo una necesidad crítica de estudios psicométricos del SDQ en el mundo subdesarrollado. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014.	Africa; Children; Orphans; Population screen; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Validity	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adaptive behavior; Africa south of the Sahara; child; emotion; epidemiology; evaluation study; female; follow up; human; male; mass screening; Mental Disorders; mental stress; orphaned child; poverty; psychology; psychometry; questionnaire; self report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child, Orphaned; Emotions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mental Disorders; Poverty; Psychometrics; Questionnaires; Self Report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological	078757, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939876734	The Impact of Community Support Initiatives on the Stigma Experienced by People Living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa	Masquillier C., Wouters E., Mortelmans D., le Roux Booysen F.	2015	AIDS and Behavior	19	2	10.1007/s10461-014-0865-1	Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Masquillier, C., Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium; Wouters, E., Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Mortelmans, D., Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium; le Roux Booysen, F., Department of Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	In the current context of human resource shortages in South Africa, various community support interventions are being implemented to provide long-term psychosocial care to persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, it is important to analyze the unintended social side effects of such interventions in regards to the stigma felt by PLWHA, which might threaten the successful management of life-long treatment. Latent cross-lagged modeling was used to analyze longitudinal data on 294 PLWHA from a randomized controlled trial (1) to determine whether peer adherence support (PAS) and treatment buddying influence the stigma experienced by PLWHA; and (2) to analyze the interrelationships between each support form and stigma. Results indicate that having a treatment buddy decreases felt stigma scores, while receiving PAS increases levels of felt stigma at the second follow up. However, the PAS intervention was also found to have a positive influence on having a treatment buddy at this time. Furthermore, a treatment buddy mitigates the stigmatizing effect of PAS, resulting in a small negative indirect effect on stigma. The study indicates the importance of looking beyond the intended effects of an intervention, with the goal of minimizing any adverse consequences that might threaten the successful long-term management of HIV/AIDS and maximizing the opportunities created by such support. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Peer adherence support; South Africa; Stigma; Treatment buddy; Unintended social side effects	anti-retroviral agents; adolescent; adult; community health services; controlled study; Helping Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; organization and administration; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Peer Group; psychology; randomized controlled trial; Social Stigma; Social Support; South Africa; Stereotyping; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Community Health Services; Helping Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Peer Group; Social Stigma; Social Support; South Africa; Stereotyping	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868592655	Depressive symptoms and their impact on health-seeking behaviors in newly-diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Durban, South Africa	Ramirez-Avila L., Regan S., Giddy J., Chetty S., Ross D., Katz J.N., Freedberg K.A., Walensky R.P., Losina E., Bassett I.V.	2012	AIDS and Behavior	16	8	10.1007/s10461-012-0160-y	Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, United States; Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; St. Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill, Durban, South Africa; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	Ramirez-Avila, L., Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Regan, S., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Giddy, J., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Chetty, S., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Ross, D., St. Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill, Durban, South Africa; Katz, J.N., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Freedberg, K.A., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Walensky, R.P., Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Losina, E., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Bassett, I.V., Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms prior to HIV diagnosis and determined the effect of these symptoms on seeking HIV care at an urban and rural clinic in Durban, South Africa. Adults were administered a questionnaire which included the 5-item Mental Health Index (MHI-5) before HIV testing. We determined the depressive symptoms among HIV-infected subjects. Of 1,545 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected subjects, 55% had depressive symptoms by MHI-5 score. Enrolling at the urban clinic and decreasing functional activity score were associated with depressive symptoms. Subjects with depressive symptoms who were referred for HIV testing by a healthcare provider were less likely to obtain a CD4 count than those without depressive symptoms who self-referred for testing. Depressive symptoms were common among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected participants and impacted CD4 uptake. Depression screening at the time of HIV diagnosis is critical for improving linkage to mental health and HIV services in South Africa. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.	Africa; Depression; Depressive symptoms; HIV; Linkage to care; South Africa	adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; depression; evaluation; female; follow up; health behavior; hospital; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; mass screening; methodology; multivariate analysis; patient attitude; patient referral; prevalence; prospective study; psychological aspect; questionnaire; rural population; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics; urban population; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Depression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Hospitals, Rural; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Multivariate Analysis; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Referral and Consultation; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84555203857	Impact of a mhealth intervention for peer health workers on AIDS care in rural Uganda: A mixed methods evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial	Chang L.W., Kagaayi J., Arem H., Nakigozi G., Ssempijja V., Serwadda D., Quinn T.C., Gray R.H., Bollinger R.C., Reynolds S.J.	2011	AIDS and Behavior	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-9995-x	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 E. Jefferson St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Chang, L.W., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 E. Jefferson St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Kagaayi, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Arem, H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Ssempijja, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bollinger, R.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Mobile phone access in low and middle-income countries is rapidly expanding and offers an opportunity to leverage limited human resources for health. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial exploratory substudy on the impact of a mHealth (mobile phone) support intervention used by community-based peer health workers (PHW) on AIDS care in rural Uganda. 29 PHWs at 10 clinics were randomized by clinic to receive the intervention or not. PHWs used phones to call and text higher level providers with patient-specific clinical information. 970 patients cared for by the PHWs were followed over a 26 month period. No significant differences were found in patients' risk of virologic failure. Qualitative analyses found improvements in patient care and logistics and broad support for the mHealth intervention among patients, clinic staff, and PHWs. Key challenges identified included variable patient phone access, privacy concerns, and phone maintenance. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.	Cluster-randomized trial; Community health workers; HIV; Mhealth; Mixed methods research	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; cluster analysis; community care; evaluation; female; health care personnel; human; interpersonal communication; male; middle aged; mobile phone; organization and management; peer group; randomized controlled trial (topic); rural population; telemedicine; Uganda; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; Cellular Phone; Cluster Analysis; Communication; Community Health Services; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peer Group; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rural Population; Telemedicine; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899643646	Impact of an adherence intervention on the effectiveness of tenofovir gel in the CAPRISA 004 trial	Mansoor L.E., Karim Q.A., Werner L., Madlala B., Ngcobo N., Cornman D.H., Amico K.R., Fisher J., Fisher W.A., MacQueen K.M., Karim S.S.A.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0752-9	Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa	Mansoor, L.E., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Karim, Q.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Werner, L., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Madlala, B., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Ngcobo, N., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Cornman, D.H., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Amico, K.R., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Fisher, J., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Fisher, W.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; MacQueen, K.M., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Karim, S.S.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa	High adherence is important in microbicide trials, but no adherence interventions to date have demonstrated empiric improvements in microbicide adherence or effectiveness. Approximately midway during the CAPRISA 004 trial, we implemented a novel adherence intervention (Adherence Support Program - ASP), based on an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model and incorporating a Motivational Interviewing approach. We assessed the impact of the ASP on adherence and tenofovir gel effectiveness using a before-and-after comparison. Of the 889 women in the trial, 774 contributed 486.1 women-years of follow-up pre-ASP and 828 contributed 845.7 women-years of follow-up post-ASP. Median adherence rose from 53.6 % pre-ASP to 66.5 % post-ASP. Detectable tenofovir levels increased from 40.6 % pre-ASP to 62.5 % post-ASP in 64 women who had paired tenofovir drug samples. Gel effectiveness improved post-ASP; HIV incidence in the tenofovir gel arm was 24 % lower pre-ASP compared to 47 % lower post-ASP. Following implementation of the ASP, microbicide adherence improved with a concomitant increase in the effectiveness of tenofovir gel. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence support; HIV prevention; Motivational interviewing; Tenofovir gel	adenine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; gel; phosphonic acid derivative; tenofovir; topical antiinfective agent; adult; analogs and derivatives; controlled study; double blind procedure; epidemiology; female; gel; health behavior; HIV Infections; human; incidence; intervention study; medication compliance; motivational interviewing; psychological model; psychology; randomized controlled trial; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; treatment outcome; Adenine; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Intervention Studies; Medication Adherence; Models, Psychological; Motivational Interviewing; Organophosphonates; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951683403	Combined impact of sexual risk behaviors for HIV seroconversion among women in Durban, South Africa: Implications for prevention policy and planning	Wand H., Ramjee G.	2011	AIDS and Behavior	15	2	10.1007/s10461-010-9845-2	HIV Prevention Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Wand, H.; Ramjee, G., HIV Prevention Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	The objective of this study was to estimate the joint impact of demographic and sexual risk behaviors on HIV acquisition. A total of 2,523 HIV seronegative women were recruited through three community based studies in Durban, South Africa. Point and interval estimates of partial population attributable risk (PAR) were used to quantify the proportion of HIV seroconversions which can be prevented if a combination of risk factors is eliminated from a target population. More than 80% of the observed HIV acquisitions were attributed to five risk factors: lack of cohabitation, frequency of sex, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), incidence of pregnancy and not being employed/no income. Structural factors such as minimizing migratory patterns by ensuring cohabitation of partners, access to treatment of STIs, income generation and safe sex negotiation skills are likely to play an important role in future prevention strategies. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	HIV incidence; Population attributable risk; South Africa	adult; age; article; female; follow up; health care policy; high risk behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; pregnancy; questionnaire; risk factor; sexual behavior; sexuality; sexually transmitted disease; socioeconomics; South Africa; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Policy; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Incidence; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872674698	"it's important to take your medication everyday okay?" An evaluation of counselling by lay counsellors for arv adherence support in the Western Cape, South Africa	Dewing S., Mathews C., Schaay N., Cloete A., Louw J., Simbayi L.	2013	AIDS and Behavior	17	1	10.1007/s10461-012-0211-4	Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Dewing, S., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Mathews, C., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Schaay, N., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Cloete, A., HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Louw, J., Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Simbayi, L., HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	There is growing interest in standard care programmes for antiretroviral (ARV) adherence support. In South Africa, individual counselling following ARV initiation is a main strategy for supporting adherence in the public sector. Egan's client-centred "Skilled Helper" counselling model is the predominant model used in HIV counselling in this context. This study evaluated counselling delivered by lay ARV adherence counsellors in Cape Town in terms of adherence to Egan's model. Thirty-eight transcripts of counselling sessions with non-adherent patients were analysed based on the methods of content analysis. These sessions were conducted by 30 counsellors. Generally counsellors' practice adhered neither to Egan's model nor a client-centred approach. Inconsistent with evidence-based approaches to counselling for ARV adherence support, counsellors mainly used information-giving and advice as strategies for addressing clients' non-adherence. Recommendations for improving practice are made. The question as to how appropriate strategies from developed countries are for this setting is also raised. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Antiretroviral adherence support; Counselling; Egan's skilled helper model; Standard care	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; article; directive counseling; evaluation; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human relation; male; methodology; motivation; patient attitude; patient care; patient compliance; psychological aspect; South Africa; Anti-HIV Agents; Directive Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Motivation; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient-Centered Care; Professional-Patient Relations; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32144457214	Traditional healers for HIV/AIDS prevention and family planning, Kiboga district, Uganda: Evaluation of a program to improve practices	Ssali A., Butler L.M., Kabatesi D., King R., Namugenyi A., Kamya M.R., Mandel J., Chen S.Y., McFarland W.	2005	AIDS and Behavior	9	4	10.1007/s10461-005-9019-9	Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; District Health Team, Kiboga District, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States; San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94102-6033, United States	Ssali, A., Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; Butler, L.M., Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kabatesi, D., Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; King, R., Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; Namugenyi, A., District Health Team, Kiboga District, Uganda; Kamya, M.R., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mandel, J., Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Chen, S.Y., San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States; McFarland, W., Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States, San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94102-6033, United States	In the face of ongoing epidemics of HIV/AIDS and STI, high demand for family planning, and limited resources, traditional healers may be under-utilized providers of reproductive health education in rural sub-Saharan Africa. We implemented a training program in HIV prevention and family planning methods for healers in the Kiboga district of Uganda and evaluated the program's impact on healers' clinical practice and the diffusion of information to their female clients. Of 46 healers recruited, 30 (65%) completed a pre- and post- training interview. Following training, traditional healers increased discussions of family planning with their clients. Of 84 female clients recruited, 44 (52%) completed the interview before and after the training for healers. Female clients corroborated that they increased discussions of family planning with their healers, as well as discussions about HIV/AIDS. Both healers and their female clients were more likely to make a connection between family planning, condom use, and HIV prevention after the training compared to before the training. Findings provide evidence that traditional healers in a rural area of Uganda can successfully adapt HIV prevention messages and family planning information into their clinical practices. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Family planning; HIV prevention; Traditional healers; Uganda	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; clinical practice; condom; controlled study; counseling; evaluation; family planning; female; gender; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; interview; male; medical information; normal human; traditional medicine; training; Uganda; Adult; Family Planning Services; Female; Health Education; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Middle Aged; Program Evaluation; Rural Population; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880918429	Feasibility, performance, and acceptability of the wisebag™ for potential monitoring of daily gel applicator use in Durban, South Africa	Van Der Straten A., Montgomery E., Pillay D., Cheng H., Naidoo A., Cele Z., Naidoo K., Hartmann M., Piper J., Nair G.	2013	AIDS and Behavior	17	2	10.1007/s10461-012-0330-y	Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; DAIDS, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States	Van Der Straten, A., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Montgomery, E., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Pillay, D., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Cheng, H., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Naidoo, A., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Cele, Z., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, K., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Hartmann, M., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Piper, J., DAIDS, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Nair, G., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa	The Wisebag™, a lunchbag-style container with an electronic events-monitoring system, was designed as a real-time indirect objective measure of microbicide gel use. Due to cost, alternative functionalities (i.e. use of offline and dummy versions) were explored. We conducted a three-arm, double-blinded pilot study among 50 HIV-negative women in Durban, South Africa to assess participant adherence and Wisebag acceptability and performance. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to Wisebag with online (events transmitted via cellular signal in real-time), offline (events stored in device memory) or inactive "dummy" devices. Participants were instructed to open the Wisebag daily for 2 weeks, retrieve a study sticker and affix it on a diary card. All participants completed the study. At exit, 94 % did not know which device they had received, nor could they differentiate the Wisebag types when presented with the three options. Five offline devices failed (no data recorded). Per Wisebag events, 26 % of women were perfectly adherent compared to 48 % by self-report and 46 % per diary card. Of reported non-adherence, 92 % did not open the Wisebag (travelling or forgot) and 22 % opened Wisebag >1×/day (curiosity). Participants liked and were comfortable carrying Wisebag. Successful blinding will allow inclusion of offline and/or dummy Wisebags in future study designs. Perfect adherence by opening events was significantly lower than by self-report, highlighting the importance of objective measures of adherence in clinical trials. Additional studies to validate Wisebag data with actual products, with and without SMS and online functionality, in different populations and settings, and in comparison to biomarkers are warranted. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Africa; Electronic monitoring; Microbicide gel	agents used intravaginally; topical antiinfective agent; adolescent; adult; article; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; double blind procedure; drug monitoring; equipment design; feasibility study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medication compliance; middle aged; patient attitude; patient satisfaction; pilot study; randomized controlled trial; reproducibility; South Africa; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Equipment Design; Feasibility Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Reproducibility of Results; South Africa; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies	5UM1AI068633, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
WoS	WOS:000295735200015	Evaluation of a Peer Network-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Men in Beer Halls in Zimbabwe: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial	Chasakara, Charles,Chirowodza, Admire,Fritz, Katherine,Kellogg, Timothy,Makumbe, Knox,Mashoko, Chamunorwa,McFarland, Willi,Woelk, Godfrey,Wyrod, Robert	2011	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-9922-1	Research Triangle Institute, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, University of Zimbabwe, Harare Beer Hall Intervent, Int Ctr Res Women, RTI Int, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth	"Wyrod, Robert: University of Michigan","Wyrod, Robert: University of Michigan System",	While much emphasis has been placed on involving men in AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa, there remain few rigorously evaluated interventions in this area. A particularly appealing point of intervention is the sexual risk behavior associated with men's alcohol consumption. This article reports the outcomes of The Sahwira HIV Prevention Program, a male-focused, peer-based intervention promoting the idea that men can assist their friends in avoiding high-risk sexual encounters associated with alcohol drinking. The intervention was evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) implemented in 24 beer halls in Harare, Zimbabwe. A cadre of 413 male beer hall patrons (similar to 20% of the patronage) was trained to assist their male peers within their friendship networks. Activities included one-on-one interactions, small group discussions, and educational events centering on the theme of men helping their male friends avoid risk. Venues were randomized into 12 control versus 12 intervention beer halls with little cross-contamination between study arms. The penetration and impact of the intervention were assessed by pre- and post-intervention cross-sectional surveys of the beer hall patronage. The intervention was implemented with a high degree of fidelity to the protocol, with exposure to the intervention activities significantly higher among intervention patrons compared to control. While we found generally declining levels of risk behavior in both study arms from baseline to post-intervention, we found no evidence of an impact of the intervention on our primary outcome measure: episodes of unprotected sex with non-wife partners in the preceding 6 months (median 5.4 episodes for men at intervention beer halls vs. 5.1 among controls, P = 0.98). There was also no evidence that the intervention reduced other risks for HIV. It remains an imperative to find ways to productively engage men in AIDS prevention, especially in those venues where male bonding, alcohol consumption, and sexual risk behavior are intertwined.	ALCOHOL,"Beer halls",HIV,MEN,ZIMBABWE,AIDS,BEHAVIOR,"DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS","GAY MEN",HIV/AIDS,"HIV-PREVENTION INTERVENTION","OPINION LEADERS","PARTNER VIOLENCE","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",WOMEN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000295735200003	Can Peer Education Make a Difference? Evaluation of a South African Adolescent Peer Education Program to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health	Flisher, Alan J.,Mason-Jones, Amanda J.,Mathews, Catherine	2011	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-0012-1	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town	"Flisher, Alan J.: University of Cape Town",	Peer education is popular both with governments and with young people. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a government-led peer education program on the self-reported sexual health behavior and related psychosocial outcomes of adolescent students in public high schools in the Western Cape of South Africa. Grade 10 students (n = 3934), at 30 public high schools (15 intervention, 15 comparison) were recruited to the study. In the intervention schools, peer educators were recruited and trained to provide information and support to their fellow students. Sexual health behaviors and related psychosocial outcomes of students were measured at baseline and at follow up 18 months later. Comparisons were made between those in the intervention and comparison group schools. We were unable to detect a significant difference in the age of sexual debut, use of condoms at last sex, goal orientation, decision-making or future orientation for students in the intervention group as compared to students in the comparison group. The findings suggest that the peer education program was not effective in reducing the age of sexual debut or condom use. Issues around the implementation of the program suggested that this was sub-optimal. Governments who advocate widespread use of peer education as an approach need to recognise barriers to implementation and ensure ongoing monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness and cost effectiveness.	ADOLESCENT,Africa,HIV,"PEER EDUCATION",SCHOOL,COUNTRIES,GENDER,"HIV PREVENTION",INTERVENTIONS,SCHOOLS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000310316200030	Divinity and Distress: The Impact of Religion and Spirituality on the Mental Health of HIV-Positive Adults in Tanzania	Kershaw, Trace,Mosha, John S.,Ng, Reuben,Steglitz, Jeremy	2012	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	16	8	10.1007/s10461-012-0261-7	Yale University, Primary Hlth Care Inst Iringa	"Ng, Reuben: Yale University",	This study examined the relationship between religiosity, spirituality and mental health in the context of a stress-coping framework. Participants were 135 rural, low-income HIV-positive adults in Iringa, Tanzania. The relationships between religiosity, spirituality, coping responses, social support, and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) were examined using structural equation modeling. Religiosity was related to decreased avoidant coping and increased social support, which in turn were related to psychological distress. Spirituality was positively related to active coping and social support. Results suggest that coping strategies and social support may mediate the relationship between religiosity and spirituality and psychological distress. Interventions to reduce psychological distress among HIV-positive individuals in Tanzania might incorporate strategies to reduce avoidant coping and increase social support. According to the present findings, this may be accomplished through faith-based approaches that incorporate religious and spiritual activities into HIV prevention programs.	COPING,HIV/AIDS,"PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS",religiosity/spirituality,Tanzania,ADOLESCENTS,"COPING STYLE",HIV/AIDS,INFECTION,"LIFE STRESSORS",LONG,"PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS","SOCIAL SUPPORT",STRATEGIES,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350625511	The demographic impact of HIV and AIDS across the family and household life-cycle: Implications for efforts to strengthen families in sub-Saharan Africa	Hosegood V.	2009	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	21	SUPPL. 1	10.1080/09540120902923063	Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; CYFSD, HSRC, Dalbridge, South Africa; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies/UKZN, Durban, South Africa	Hosegood, V., Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, CYFSD, HSRC, Dalbridge, South Africa, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies/UKZN, Durban, South Africa	HIV is no longer a new or emerging disease in southern Africa. In the era of HIV and AIDS, families and households have continued to form, build, migrate and dissolve. Children born in the 1980s with the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission have already gone on to start the next generation of families and households. Isolating the impact of HIV and AIDS on families and households is complex given that the epidemic has become part of the direction and force of contemporary demographic, social and economic processes and trends. Cycles of family and household life have occurred in a changing HIV and AIDS public-health environment, one in which HIV treatment access has increased rapidly. As part of an on-going process to assess the relevance and effectiveness of policies and programmes designed to protect and support children affected by HIV and AIDS, it is necessary to update our knowledge about the family and household circumstances in which children live. This paper summarises findings from a review on the Demographic Evidence of Family and Household Changes in Response to the Effects of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa: Implications for Efforts to Strengthen Families. The review examined published literature presenting data from empirical studies, primarily large, cross-sectional or longitudinal population-based or sample surveys. The family or household life-cycle is used as a conceptual and organisational framework. The implications of the demographic evidence are discussed in relation to policy and programme responses to strengthen families and households in the region. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Demographic impact True; Demography; Families; HIV/AIDS; Households	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Africa; article; demography; family counseling; health care policy; health program; health survey; household; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; marriage; nonhuman; priority journal; professional practice; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Characteristics; Family Health; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Reproductive Health; Socioeconomic Factors; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903306367	The HIV basic care package: Where is it available and who receives it? Findings from a mixed methods evaluation in Kenya and Uganda	Penfold S., Simms V., Downing J., Powell R.A., Mwangi-Powell F., Namisango E., Moreland S., Atieno M., Gikaara N., Kataike J., Kwebiha C., Munene G., Banga G., Higginson I.J., Harding R.	2014	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	26	9	10.1080/09540121.2014.882489	Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Futures Group, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Penfold, S., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Simms, V., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Downing, J., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Powell, R.A., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Mwangi-Powell, F., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Namisango, E., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Moreland, S., Futures Group, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Atieno, M., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Gikaara, N., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Kataike, J., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Kwebiha, C., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Munene, G., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Banga, G., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Higginson, I.J., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Harding, R., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom	An evidence-based basic care package (BCP) of seven interventions (Family testing, Cotrimoxazole, Condoms, Multivitamins, Access to safe water treatment, Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and Insecticide-treated bednet) has been advocated to prevent infections among people with HIV in low-income settings. We examined the availability and receipt of the BCP in HIV outpatient clinics in Kenya and Uganda. A survey of 120 PEPFAR-funded facilities determined the services offered. At each of the 12 largest facilities, a longitudinal cohort of 100 patients was recruited to examine care received and health status over three months. The full BCP was offered in 14% (n = 17/120) of facilities; interventions most commonly offered were Support for family testing (87%) and Condoms (87%), and least commonly IPT (38%). Patients (n = 1335) most commonly reported receiving Cotrimoxazole (57%) and Multivitamins (36%), and least commonly IPT (4%), directly from the facility attended. The BCP (excluding Isoniazid) was received by 3% of patients directly from the facility and 24% from any location. BCP receipt was associated with using antiretroviral therapy (ART; OR 1.1 (95% CI 1.0-1.1), receipt from any location) but not with patient gender, wealth, education level or health. The BCP should be offered at more HIV care facilities, especially Isoniazid, and to more people irrespective of ART use. Coordinating local BCP suppliers could help improve availability through addressing logistical challenges or reducing costs. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	delivery of healthcare; East Africa; HIV; opportunistic infections	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; cotrimoxazole; isoniazid; multivitamin; adult; article; bed net; condom; family testing; female; health; health care delivery; health care facility; health care survey; health status; HIV test; hospital; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; Kenya; major clinical study; male; mental health; palliative therapy; priority journal; Uganda; water supply; water treatment; delivery of healthcare; East Africa; HIV; opportunistic infections; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Communicable Disease Control; Condoms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Intervention Studies; Interviews as Topic; Isoniazid; Kenya; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination; Uganda; Vitamins; Water Supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868582364	Concomitant herbal medicine and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) use among HIV patients in Western Uganda: A cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and patterns of use, associated factors and impact on ART adherence	Lubinga S.J., Kintu A., Atuhaire J., Asiimwe S.	2012	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	24	11	10.1080/09540121.2011.648600	Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Clinical Trials Unit, Kabwohe Clinical Research Center (KCRC), Bushenyi, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Lubinga, S.J., Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Kintu, A., Clinical Trials Unit, Kabwohe Clinical Research Center (KCRC), Bushenyi, Uganda; Atuhaire, J., Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Asiimwe, S., Clinical Trials Unit, Kabwohe Clinical Research Center (KCRC), Bushenyi, Uganda, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Use of herbal medicines among patients receiving Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) remains by far an uncharacterised phenomenon in Africa and Uganda specifically. We evaluated the use of herbal medicines among patients on ART at the HIV clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), examined factors associated with their concomitant use and their impact on ART adherence. This was a cross-sectional study among 334 systematically sampled patients receiving ART at the HIV clinic of MRRH from February to April 2010. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, perceptions of quality of care received, self-perceived health status, information on ART received, herbal medicines use and ART adherence. Study outcomes were concomitant herbal medicine and ART use, and ART adherence. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were conducted using Stata10.0. Close to half, 155 (46.4%) reported concomitant herbal medicines and ART use, with 133 (39.8%) using herbal medicines at least once daily. Most (71.6%) used herbal medicines to treat HIV-related symptoms. A majority (92.3%) reported that the doctors were unaware of their use of herbal medicines, 68.5% citing its minimal importance to the attending physician. Most frequently used herbs were Aloe vera (25%) and Vernonia amygdalina (21%). Time since start of ART (OR 1.14 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, for each one year increase), number of ART side effects reported (≥3 vs.≤1, OR 2.20 95% CI 1.13-4.26) and self-perceived health status (Good vs. Poor, OR 0.31 95% CI 0.12-0.79) were independently associated with concomitant herbal medicine and ART use. Concomitant herbal medicine and ART use was not associated with poor ART adherence (OR 0.85 95% CI 0.47-1.53). There is widespread concomitant herbal medicines and ART use among our patients, with no association to poor ART adherence. Patients appear to use these therapies to complement as opposed to substituting ART. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adherence; Antiretroviral Therapy; herbal medicine; Uganda	adolescent; adult; adverse drug reaction; Aloe vera; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; cross-sectional study; educational status; employment status; female; follow up; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; health status; herbal medicine; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; income; major clinical study; male; marriage; patient compliance; priority journal; religion; treatment duration; Uganda; wellbeing; Adolescent; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disclosure; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Medication Adherence; Medicine, African Traditional; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Compliance; Physician-Patient Relations; Phytotherapy; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors; Tertiary Care Centers; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952035026	Diarrhea prevention in people living with HIV: An evaluation of a point-of-use water quality intervention in Lagos, Nigeria	Barzilay E.J., Aghoghovbia T.S., Blanton E.M., Akinpelumi A.A., Coldiron M.E., Akinfolayan O., Adeleye O.A., LaTrielle A., Hoekstra R.M., Gilpin U., Quick R.	2011	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	23	3	10.1080/09540121.2010.507749	Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States;	Barzilay, E.J., Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Aghoghovbia, T.S., HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; Blanton, E.M., Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Akinpelumi, A.A., Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Coldiron, M.E., Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States; Akinfolayan, O., HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeleye, O.A., HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; LaTrielle, A., Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Hoekstra, R.M., Biostatistics Information Management Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Gilpin, U., Population Services International, Washington, United States; Quick, R., Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States	Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Africa. The impact of a point-of-use water chlorination and storage intervention on diarrheal-disease risk in a population of HIV-infected women in Lagos, Nigeria was evaluated. A baseline survey was performed, followed by six weeks of baseline diarrhea surveillance consisting of weekly home visits, distribution of free water chlorination products and safe storage containers to project participants, and continued weekly home-based diarrhea surveillance for 15 additional weeks. To confirm use of the water chlorination product, during each home visit, stored water was tested for residual chlorine. About 187 women were enrolled. At baseline, 80% of women had access to improved water supplies and 95% had access to sanitation facilities. Following distribution of the intervention, water stored in participants' households was observed to have residual chlorine during 50-80% of home visits, a sign of adherence to recommended water-treatment practices. Diarrhea rates in project participants were 36% lower in the post-intervention period than during the baseline period (p=0.04). Diarrhea rates were 46% lower in the post-intervention period than the baseline period among project participants who were confirmed to have residual chlorine in stored water during 85% or more of home visits (p=0.04); there was no significant difference in diarrhea rates between baseline and post-intervention periods in participants confirmed to have residual chlorine in stored water during less than 85% of home visits. The percent change in diarrhea rates between baseline and post-intervention surveillance periods was statistically significant among non-users of prophylactic antibiotics (-62%, p=0.02) and among persons who used neither prophylactic antibiotics nor antiretroviral treatment (-46%, p=0.04). Point-of-use water treatment was associated with a reduced risk of diarrhea in PLHIV. Regular water treatment was required to achieve health benefits. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	diarrhea; HIV/AIDS; PMTCT; water treatment	adult; article; chlorination; diarrhea; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; priority journal; sanitation; water quality; water supply; water treatment; Adolescent; Adult; Diarrhea; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Patient Compliance; Risk Factors; Sanitation; Water Purification; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956926852	Impact of telephonic psycho-social support on adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after rape	Abrahams N., Jewkes R., Lombard C., Mathews S., Campbell J., Meel B.	2010	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	22	10	10.1080/09540121003692185	Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	Abrahams, N., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Jewkes, R., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Lombard, C., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Mathews, S., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Campbell, J., Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Meel, B., Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	South Africa has one of the highest rates of both rape and HIV infections. Of great concern is the possibility of HIV transmission during the assault, but adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been varied and low. We developed a telephonic psycho-social support, leaflet and adherence diary intervention for rape victims and tested its impact on adherence to PEP. A randomised control trial was conducted in the Western and Eastern Cape and 279 rape survivors were enrolled in two arms. The intervention involved the providing of an information leaflet including an adherence diary and follow-up support through telephone calls by a counsellor during the 28 days of taking the PEP. The controls received the leaflet. Follow-up interviews and tablet checks were done with 253 participants to assess adherence. The primary outcome was completion of 28 days of PEP with no more than three missed doses (94% adherence). There was more adherence in the intervention arm (38.2% vs. 31.9%), but the estimated intervention effect of 6.5% (95% CI: -4.6 to 17.6%) was not statistically significant, p=0.13. The intervention was associated with the reading of the pamphlet (p=0.07) and an increased use of the diary (p=0.01), but did not reduce depressive psychopathology. Overall adherence was greater amongst those who read the leaflet and used the medication diary. The study showed that the intervention was not effective in significantly improving adherence and adherence levels were low in both study arms. Further research to understand reasons for non-adherence is needed before further interventions are developed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	adherence; HIV transmission; post-exposure prophylaxis; sexual assault	lamivudine; lamivudine plus zidovudine; zidovudine; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; depression; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intervention study; interview; major clinical study; outcome assessment; patient care; patient compliance; priority journal; prophylaxis; randomized controlled trial; rape; school child; social support; South Africa; survivor; telephone; virus transmission; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Child; Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Patient Education as Topic; Rape; Social Support; South Africa; Telephone; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955261225	The impact of ART scale upon health workers: Evidence from two South African districts	George G., Atujuna M., Gentile J., Quinlan T., Schmidt E., Tobi P., Renton A.	2010	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	22	SUPPL. 1	10.1080/09540120903544439	Health Economics and HIV, AIDS Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, United Kingdom	George, G., Health Economics and HIV, AIDS Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Atujuna, M., Health Economics and HIV, AIDS Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Gentile, J., School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Quinlan, T., Health Economics and HIV, AIDS Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Schmidt, E., Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, United Kingdom; Tobi, P., Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, United Kingdom; Renton, A., Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, United Kingdom	This study explores the effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes on health-care human resources in South Africa. The study included two parts, a questionnaire-based survey of 269 health workers published earlier and a qualitative study of 21 purposively selected health practitioners involved in ART scale up. Contrary to what has been presented in literature, our survey showed that health workers in ART programmes experienced higher levels of morale, lower stress, lower sickness absenteeism and higher levels of job satisfaction. This paper uses qualitative data to provide insights into the working environment of ART workers and examines some possible explanations for our survey findings. The key factors that contribute to the different perception of working environment by ART workers identified in this study include bringing hope to patients, delaying deaths, acquiring training and the ability to better manage and monitor the disease. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	ART; health workers; HIV/AIDS; South Africa	antiretrovirus agent; absenteeism; article; health care personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; job stress; priority journal; questionnaire; South Africa; work environment; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Attitude of Health Personnel; Developing Countries; Health Personnel; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Qualitative Research; Questionnaires; South Africa; Workload	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248532010	Evaluation of use of cellphones to aid compliance with drug therapy for HIV patients	Donald S., Ulrike R., Charissa B., Skinner D.	2007	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	19	5	10.1080/09540120701203378	Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; Hidden Dimensions Corporate Training Consultants; Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa	Donald, S., Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; Ulrike, R., University of Cape Town, South Africa; Charissa, B., Hidden Dimensions Corporate Training Consultants; Skinner, D., Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa	Key to the care of people living with HIV is effective data on use of ARVs, their responses to the medication and additional needs. An adaptation of cellphone technology by Cell-Life provides an easy-to-use data capturing devise for use by therapeutic counsellors (home based carers). Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with all the counsellors using the technology at two points in time, six months apart. The technology was found to be easy to use, especially for those who had previously used a cellphone. It eased data collection considerably and reduced fears around loosing notes. Improvements in technology between the two sets of interviews showed responsiveness from Cell-Life to the users of the technology. The patients also responded well to the technology, feeling that it improved their treatment. The major concern for home-based carers was the risk of crime due to having a cellphone, which led to the therapeutic counsellors eventually leaving the cellphones at home when visiting patients and entering the data at a later point. While the carers initially felt that the technology was an intrusion in their lives they later adapted to it. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.	None	antiretrovirus agent; article; caregiver; drug efficacy; fear; home care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information processing; information technology; interview; mobile phone; patient compliance; patient monitoring; priority journal; Cellular Phone; Female; HIV Infections; Home Care Services; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Quality of Life	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937253721	Integrating family planning and HIV services in western Kenya: The impact on HIV-infected patients' knowledge of family planning and male attitudes toward family planning	Onono M., Guzé M.A., Grossman D., Steinfeld R., Bukusi E.A., Shade S., Cohen C.R., Newmann S.J.	2015	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	27	6	10.1080/09540121.2014.999744	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, CA, United States	Onono, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Kisumu, Kenya; Guzé, M.A., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Grossman, D., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States, Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, CA, United States; Steinfeld, R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Bukusi, E.A., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Kisumu, Kenya; Shade, S., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Cohen, C.R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Newmann, S.J., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Little information exists on the impact of integrating family planning (FP) services into HIV care and treatment on patients' familiarity with and attitudes toward FP. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in 18 public HIV clinics with 12 randomized to integrated FP and HIV services and 6 to the standard referral-based system where patients are referred to an FP clinic. Serial cross-sectional surveys were done before (n = 488 women, 486 men) and after (n = 479 women, 481 men) the intervention to compare changes in familiarity with FP methods and attitudes toward FP between integrated and nonintegrated (NI) sites. We created an FP familiarity score based on the number of more effective FP methods patients could identify (score range: 0-6). Generalized estimating equations were used to control for clustering within sites. An increase in mean familiarity score between baseline (mean = 5.16) and post-intervention (mean = 5.46) occurred with an overall mean change of 0.26 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.09, 0.45; p = 0.003) across all sites. At end line, there was no difference in increase of mean FP familiarity scores at intervention versus control sites (mean = 5.41 vs. 5.49, p = 0.94). We observed a relative decrease in the proportion of males agreeing that FP was "women's business" at integrated sites (baseline 42% to end line 30%; reduction of 12%) compared to males at NI sites (baseline 35% to end line 42%; increase of 7%; adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.85). Following FP-HIV integration, familiarity with FP methods increased but did not differ by study arm. Integration was associated with a decrease in negative attitudes toward FP among men. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	Family planning; HIV treatment; integration; Kenya; knowledge; male attitudes	adult; age; Article; comparative study; controlled study; cross-sectional study; educational status; family planning; female; health service; health status; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; interpersonal communication; Kenya; major clinical study; male; marriage; outcome assessment; patient attitude; patient referral; priority journal; randomized controlled trial	NCATS, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; KL2TR000143, NIH, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Scopus	2-s2.0-18644383332	The impact of social environments on the effectiveness of youth HIV prevention: A South African case study	Campbell C., Foulis C.A., Maimane S., Sibiya Z.	2005	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	17	4	10.1080/09540120412331319705	London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom; HIVAN, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Social Psychology, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom	Campbell, C., London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom, HIVAN, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Social Psychology, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Foulis, C.A., HIVAN, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Maimane, S., HIVAN, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Sibiya, Z., HIVAN, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Few would disagree that 'social context' shapes the effectiveness of HIV-prevention programmes. However much work remains to be done in developing systematic conceptualisations of HIV/AIDS-relevant aspects of social environments in vulnerable communities. This paper contributes to this challenge through a case study (44 interviews, 11 focus groups with 55 people and fieldworker diaries) of the impact of social context on a participatory peer education programme involving young people in a peri-urban community in South Africa. Three interacting dimensions of context undermine the likelihood of effective HIV-prevention. Symbolic context includes stigma, the pathologisation of youth sexuality (especially that of girls) and negative images of young people. Organisationall network context includes patchy networking amongst NGOs, health, welfare and education representatives and local community leaders and groups. This is exacerbated by different understandings of the causes of HIV/AIDS and how to manage it. These challenges are exacerbated in a material-political context of poverty, unemployment and crime, coupled with the exclusion of young people from local and national decision-making and politics. HIV-prevention initiatives seeking to promote health-supporting social environments should work closely with social development programmes-to promote young peoples' social and political participation, increase opportunities for their economic empowerment, challenge negative social representations of youth, and fight for greater recognition of their sexuality and their right to protect their sexual health. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; community; crime; education program; group psychology; health care organization; health education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human rights; infection prevention; politics; poverty; priority journal; sexuality; social environment; social isolation; South Africa; unemployment; urban area; Adolescent; Adult; Attitude to Health; Body Image; Female; Health Education; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Object Attachment; Peer Group; Sex Education; Social Environment; Social Identification; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27144502745	Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related counselling in a workplace-based ART implementation programme, South Africa	Stenson A.L., Charalambous S., Dwadwa T., Pemba L., Du Toit J.D., Baggaley R., Grant A.D., Churchyard G.J.	2005	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	17	8	10.1080/09540120500100940	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Anglogold Health Services, South Africa; Christian Aid, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Stenson, A.L., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Charalambous, S., Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dwadwa, T., Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pemba, L., Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, J.D., Anglogold Health Services, South Africa; Baggaley, R., Christian Aid, London, United Kingdom; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa	Counselling about antiretroviral therapy (ART) is thought important to prepare patients for treatment and enhance adherence. A workplace-based HIV care programme in South Africa instituted a three-step ART counselling protocol with guidelines prompting issues to be covered at each step. We carried out an early evaluation of ART counselling to determine whether patients understood key information about ART, and the perceptions that patients and health care professionals (HCP) had of the process. Among 40 patients (median time on ART 83 days), over 90% answered 6/7 HIV/ART knowledge-related questions correctly. 95% thought counselling sessions were good. 93% thought ongoing counselling was important. Recommendations included the need for continuing education about HIV/ART, being respectful, promoting HIV testing and addressing the issues of infected partners and stigma. 24 participating HCP identified additional training needs including counselling of family and friends, family planning, sexually transmitted infections and running support groups. 90% of HCP thought that counselling guidelines were helpful. The programme appears to be preparing patients well for ART. Counselling should be offered at every clinic visit. Counselling guidelines were a valuable tool and may be useful elsewhere. The evaluation helped to assess the quality of the programme and to suggest areas for improvement. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adult; article; clinical article; continuing education; controlled study; family; family planning; friend; health care personnel; health care quality; health personnel attitude; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; patient compliance; patient counseling; patient education; practice guideline; priority journal; sexually transmitted disease; South Africa; support group; workplace; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Attitude of Health Personnel; Counseling; Female; Guidelines; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Education; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; South Africa; Workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745921485	The impact of HIV on maternal quality of life in Uganda	Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H., Mayon-White R., Okong P., Carpenter L., Jenkinson C.	2006	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	18	6	10.1080/09540120500359298	Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Unit (MRC-CTU), London, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Health Services Research Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom; St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda; Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Unit (MRC-CTU), 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom	Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, H., Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Unit (MRC-CTU), London, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Unit (MRC-CTU), 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom; Mayon-White, R., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Okong, P., St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda; Carpenter, L., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Jenkinson, C., University of Oxford, Health Services Research Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom	To study the effect of HIV infection on quality of life (QOL) during pregnancy and puerperium, QOL was measured in a cohort study at St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda. Dartmouth COOP charts were administered to 132 HIV-positive and 399 HIV-negative women at 36 weeks of pregnancy and six weeks post-partum. Responses were coded from 0 = best health-status to 4 = worst health-status and scores of 3-4 defined as poor. Odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals(CI)) for poor scores were calculated and independent predictors of poor QOL examined using logistic regression. In pregnancy, HIV-positive women were more likely to have poor scores in feelings: OR = 3.2(1.9-5.3), daily activities: OR = 2.8(1.4-5.5), pain: OR = 2.1(1.3-3.5), overall health: OR = 1.7(1.1-2.7) and QOL: OR = 7.2(3.6-14.7), all p = ≤ 0.01. Differences in physical fitness, change in health, social activities and social support were not statistically significant (all p >0.2). HIV infection was independently associated with poor QOL: OR = 8.5(3.8-19). Findings in puerperium were similar to those in pregnancy except more HIV-positive women had poor scores in social activities: OR = 2.5(1.4-4.7) and change in health: OR = 5.4(2-14.5) and infant death also predicted poor QOL: OR = 6.7(2.4-18.5). The findings reflect HIV's adverse impact on maternal QOL and the need for interventions to alleviate this infection's social and emotional effects. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	None	adult; article; cohort analysis; comparative study; confidence interval; controlled study; daily life activity; female; fitness; health status; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; maternal welfare; pain assessment; pregnancy; priority journal; puerperium; quality of life; risk; scoring system; social behavior; social support; Uganda; Adult; Female; Health Status; HIV Infections; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Puerperal Disorders; Quality of Life; Uganda	None
None	None	The impact of taking or not taking ARVs on HIV stigma as reported by persons living with HIV infection in five African countries	Makoae L.N., Portillo C.J., Uys L.R., Dlamini P.S., Greeff M., Chirwa M., Kohi T.W., Naidoo J., Mullan J., Wantland D., Durrheim K., Holzemer W.L.	2009	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	21	11	10.1080/09540120902862576	National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma 180, Lesotho, South Africa; University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States; School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box 369, Mbabane, Swaziland; North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kamuzu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65004, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; University of California, San Francisco, Box 0612, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0612, United States; School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Makoae, L.N., National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma 180, Lesotho, South Africa; Portillo, C.J., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States; Uys, L.R., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Dlamini, P.S., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box 369, Mbabane, Swaziland; Greeff, M., North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Chirwa, M., Kamuzu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi; Kohi, T.W., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65004, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Naidoo, J., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Mullan, J., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0612, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0612, United States; Wantland, D., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States; Durrheim, K., School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Holzemer, W.L., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States	Aim. This study examined the impact of taking or not taking antiretroviral (ARV) medications on stigma, as reported by people living with HIV infection in five African countries. Design. A two group (taking or not taking ARVs) by three (time) repeated measures analysis of variance examined change in reported stigma in a cohort sample of 1454 persons living with HIV infection in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, and Tanzania. Participants self-reported taking ARV medications and completed a standardized stigma scale validated in the African context. Data were collected at three points in time, from January 2006 to March 2007. Participants taking ARV medications self-reported a mean CD4 count of 273 and those not taking ARVs self-reported a mean CD4 count of 418. Results. Both groups reported significant decreases in total HIV stigma over time; however, people taking ARVs reported significantly higher stigma at Time 3 compared to those not taking ARVs. Discussion. This study documents that this sample of 1454 HIV infected persons in five countries in Africa reported significantly less HIV stigma over time. In addition, those participants taking ARV medications experienced significantly higher HIV stigma over time compared to those not taking ARVs. This finding contradicts some authors' opinions that when clients enroll in ARV medication treatment it signifies that they are experiencing less stigma. This work provides caution to health care providers to alert clients new to ARV treatment that they may experience more stigma from their families and communities when they learn they are taking ARV medications. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Africa; Antiretrovirals; HIV/AIDS; Stigma	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; controlled study; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Lesotho; major clinical study; Malawi; male; patient compliance; priority journal; self report; South Africa; stigma; Swaziland; Tanzania; Africa; analysis of variance; clinical trial; multicenter study; patient compliance; psychological aspect; social psychology; Adult; Africa; Analysis of Variance; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Stereotyping	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450159289	Managing identity impacts associated with disclosure of HIV status: A qualitative investigation	Frye V., Fortin P., MacKenzie S., Purcell D., Edwards L.V., Mitchell S.G., Valverde E., Garfein R., Metsch L., Latka M.H.	2009	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	21	8	10.1080/09540120802657514	Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, United States; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Sojourner Douglass College, Baltimore, MD, United States; Health and Productivity Research Division, Thomson Medstat, Washington, DC, United States; Friends Social Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Centre for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa	Frye, V., Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, United States; Fortin, P., New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States; MacKenzie, S., University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Purcell, D., Sojourner Douglass College, Baltimore, MD, United States; Edwards, L.V., Sojourner Douglass College, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mitchell, S.G., Health and Productivity Research Division, Thomson Medstat, Washington, DC, United States, Friends Social Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Valverde, E., Centre for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Garfein, R., School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Metsch, L., Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Latka, M.H., Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa	Disclosure of HIV status to potential and current sex partners by HIV-positive people (HIVPP) is a complex issue that has received a significant amount of attention. Research has found that disclosure depends upon the evaluation by HIVPP of potential benefits and risks, especially of the risks stemming from the profound social stigma of HIV and AIDS. Drawing on concepts from Goffman's classic stigma theory and Anderson's more recently developed cultural-identity theory of drug abuse, we analyzed data from in-depth, post-intervention qualitative interviews with 116 heterosexually active, HIV-positive injection drug users enrolled in a randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent HIV transmission. We explored how disclosure experiences lead to identity impacts defined as: (1) identity challenges (i.e. interactions that challenge an individual's self-concept as a normal or non-deviant individual); and (2) identity transformations (i.e. processes whereby an individual comes to embrace a new identity and reject behaviors and values of an old one, resulting in the conscious adoption of a social and/or public identity as an HIV-positive individual). Participants engaged in several strategies to manage the identity impacts associated with disclosure. Implications of these findings for research and prevention programming are discussed.	HIV disclosure; HIV prevention; Injection drug use; Social identity	adult; article; behavior therapy; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cultural factor; disease transmission; drug abuse; female; heterosexuality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; intravenous drug abuse; major clinical study; male; priority journal; psychological theory; qualitative analysis; randomized controlled trial; risk benefit analysis; self concept; self disclosure; social aspect; social isolation; social status; Adult; Female; Heterosexuality; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Self Disclosure; Sexual Partners; Social Identification; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Unsafe Sex	None
WoS	WOS:000258977600014	The economic impact of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality on households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Araya, T.,Davey, G.,Mariam, D. Haile,Reniers, G.,Tekola, F.	2008	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	20	8	10.1080/09540120701777256	Addis Ababa University, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado System, University of Witwatersrand	"Araya, T.: Addis Ababa University","Davey, G.: Addis Ababa University","Mariam, D. Haile: Addis Ababa University","Tekola, F.: Addis Ababa University",	The present study investigates whether the household-level economic impact of an adult AIDS death is different from that of death from another cause. The data come from cross-sectional post-mortem interviews (verbal autopsies) with relatives or primary caregivers of deceased adults randomly selected from deaths recorded in an ongoing burial surveillance in Addis Ababa. Our analyses consist of three parts. First, we assess the sociodemographic risk factors for AIDS mortality. Subsequently, we reverse the causal order of this relationship and carry out an analysis of the effect of AIDS mortality on the subjective experience of change in the household's financial situation following the death of a household member. Finally, we quantify the direct and indirect costs of illness and death on the household. Results indicate that households experiencing an HIV/AIDS death are poorer than those experiencing a non-HIV/AIDS death. In addition, poorer households experience a greater decline in socioeconomic status following death of a household member. AIDS mortality has more detrimental effects on the household economic status than deaths due to other causes. While the difference between AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in terms of direct costs is minimal, the indirect cost of an AIDS death per household exceeds that of non-AIDS death by 58%. In conclusion, poor households are more likely to experience an AIDS death and in turn are more vulnerable to the socioeconomic impact of death. Therefore, it is justifiable to target HIV-impact mitigation programs on poorer households.	"Addis Ababa",ETHIOPIA,HIV/AIDS,MORBIDITY,MORTALITY,"socioeconomic impact",AFRICA,AIDS,EXPENDITURE,HIV-INFECTION,RISK,SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320019700006	Exploring impacts of multi-year, community-based care programs for orphans and vulnerable children: A case study from Kenya	Brooks, Mohamad,Bryant, Malcolm,Larson, Bruce A.,Masila, Juliana,Rohr, Julia,Wambua, Nancy,Wangai, Susan	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	None	10.1080/09540121.2012.729807	Boston University, Benevolent Inst Dev Initiat, Christian Aid	"Brooks, Mohamad: Boston University","Bryant, Malcolm: Boston University","Rohr, Julia: Boston University",	The Community-Based Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CBCO) program operated in Kenya during 2006-2010. In Eastern Province, the program provided support to approximately 3000 orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) living in 1500 households. A primary focus of the program was to support savings and loan associations composed of OVC caregivers (typically elderly women) to improve household and OVC welfare. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2011 from 1500 randomly selected households from 3 populations: program participants (CBCO group, n=500), households in the same villages as program participants but not in the program (the local-community-group = Group L, n=300), and households living in nearby villages where the program did not operate (the adjacent-community-group, Group A, n=700). Primary welfare outcomes evaluated are household food security, as measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access instrument, and OVC educational attainment. We compared outcomes between the CBCO and the subset of Group L not meeting program eligibility criteria (L-N) to investigate disparities within local communities. We compared outcomes between the CBCO group and the subset of Group A meeting eligibility criteria (A-E) to consider program impact. We compared outcomes between households not eligible for the program in the local and adjacent community groups (L-N and A-N) to consider if the adjacent communities are similar to the local communities. In May-June 2011, at the end of the OVC program, the majority of CBCO households continued to be severely food insecure, with rates similar to other households living in nearby communities. Participation rates in primary school are high, reflecting free primary education. Among the 18-22 year olds who were children during the program years, relatively few children completed secondary school across all study groups. Although the CBCO program likely provided useful services and benefits to program participants, disparities continued to exist in food security and educational outcomes between program participants and their non-OVC peers in the local community. Outcomes for CBCO households were similar to those observed for OVC households in adjacent communities.	"educational attainment","FOOD SECURITY","orphans and vulnerable children","village savings and loan associations"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000311783600002	Evaluation of the effectiveness of an outreach clinical mentoring programme in support of paediatric HIV care scale-up in Botswana	Anabwani, Gabriel,Draper, Heather R.,Gaetsewe, Neo,Jibril, Haruna,Kirk, Brianna,Scherzer, Leah,Thuto, Boitumelo,Tolle, Michael A.,Wanless, R. Sebastian,Workneh, Gelane	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	1	10.1080/09540121.2012.674096	Baylor College of Medicine, Minist Hlth, Princess Marina Hosp, Texas Childrens Hosp	"Draper, Heather R.: Baylor College of Medicine","Gaetsewe, Neo: Baylor College of Medicine","Thuto, Boitumelo: Baylor College of Medicine","Wanless, R. Sebastian: Baylor College of Medicine",	Clinical mentoring by providers skilled in HIV management has been identified as a cornerstone of scaling-up antiretroviral treatment in Africa, particularly in settings where expertise is limited. However, little data exist on its effectiveness and impact on improving the quality-of-care and clinical outcomes, especially for HIV-infected children. Since 2008, the Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence (COE) has operated an outreach mentoring programme at clinical sites around Botswana. This study is a retrospective review of 374 paediatric charts at four outreach mentoring sites (Mochudi, Phutadikobo, Molepolole and Thamaga) evaluating the effectiveness of the programme as reflected in a number of clinically-relevant areas. Charts from one visit prior to initiation of mentoring and from one visit after approximately one year of mentoring were assessed for statistically-significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in the documentation of clinically-relevant indicators. Mochudi showed notable improvements in all indicators analysed, with particular improvements in documentation of pill count, viral load (VL) results, correct laboratory monitoring and correct antiretroviral therapy (ART) dosing (p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.0001 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). Broad and substantial improvements were also seen in Molepolole, with the most improvement in disclosure documentation of all four sites. At Thamaga, improvements were restricted to CD4 documentation (p&lt;0.001), recent VL and documented pill count (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.05, respectively). Phuthadikobo showed the least amount of improvement across indicators, with only VL documentation and correct ART dosing showing statistically-significant improvements (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). These findings suggest that clinical mentoring may assist improvements in a number of important areas, including ART dosing and monitoring; adherence assessment and assurance; and disclosure. Clinical mentoring may be a valuable tool in scale-up of quality paediatric HIV care-and-treatment outside specialised centres. Further study will help refine approaches to clinical mentoring, including assuring mentoring translates into improved clinical outcomes for HIV-infected children.	"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BOTSWANA,"clinical mentoring",EFFECTIVENESS,"paediatric HIV",ADHERENCE,ADOLESCENTS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISCLOSURE,EXPERIENCE,HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,"INFECTED CHILDREN",MANAGEMENT,PERSPECTIVES,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320574400008	Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of an interactive group counseling intervention for HIV-positive women on prenatal depression and disclosure of HIV status	Antelman, Gretchen,Blander, Jeffrey,Chopyak, Elena,Cyprian, Fileuka,Emmons, Karen M.,Fawzi, Mary C. Smith,Kaaya, Sylvia F.,Levine, Michelle,Matsumoto, Kenji	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	7	10.1080/09540121.2013.763891	Columbia University, Harvard University, University of Massachusetts Boston, University of Massachusetts System, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci	"Antelman, Gretchen: Columbia University","Blander, Jeffrey: Harvard University","Chopyak, Elena: Harvard University","Emmons, Karen M.: Harvard University","Fawzi, Mary C. Smith: Harvard University","Levine, Michelle: University of Massachusetts Boston","Levine, Michelle: University of Massachusetts System","Matsumoto, Kenji: Harvard University",	The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of group counseling, using a problem-solving therapy approach, on reducing depressive symptoms and increasing prenatal disclosure rates of HIV status among HIV-positive pregnant women living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A randomized controlled trial was performed comparing a six-week structured nurse-midwife facilitated psychosocial support group with the standard of care. Sixty percent of women in the intervention group were depressed post-intervention, versus 73% in the control group [Relative Risk (RR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-1.01, p=0.066]. HIV disclosure rates did not differ across the two study arms. However, among those women who disclosed, there was a significantly higher level of overall personal satisfaction with the response to disclosure from family and friends among women in the treatment (88%) compared to the control group (62%; p=0.004). The results indicate reductions in the level of depressive symptoms comparable with major depressive disorder (MDD) for HIV-positive pregnant women participating in a group counseling intervention. Although the psychosocial group counseling did not significantly increase disclosure rates, an improvement in the level of personal satisfaction resulting from disclosure was associated with the intervention. This suggests that the counseling sessions have likely reduced the burden of depression and helped clients better manage partner reactions to disclosure. Public agencies and non-governmental organizations working in Tanzania and similar settings should consider offering structured psychosocial support groups to HIV-positive pregnant women to prevent poor mental health outcomes, promote early childhood development, and potentially impact HIV-related disease outcomes in the long term.	DEPRESSION,DISCLOSURE,HIV,PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",Tanzania,DAR-ES-SALAAM,"DISEASE PROGRESSION",HEALTH-PROBLEMS,"INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN",PREVENTION,"SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE",SOUTH-AFRICA,TANZANIA,THERAPY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000263568900008	An evaluation of a brief motivational interviewing training course for HIV/AIDS counsellors in Western Cape Province, South Africa	Engelbrecht, Sarah-Kate,Evangeli, Michael,Forsberg, Lisa,Soka, Nosiphiwo,Swartz, Leslie,Turner, Karen	2009	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	21	2	10.1080/09540120802002471	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa, Karolinska Institutet, Stellenbosch University, University of Cape Town, Independent Educ Consultant	"Forsberg, Lisa: Karolinska Institutet","Soka, Nosiphiwo: University of Cape Town",	HIV/AIDS counselling in South Africa covers a range of areas of prevention and treatment with a commonly used model of lay counsellors trained by non-governmental organisations and working alongside professionals in public health settings. This study presents a single group evaluation of a six-session (12-hour) course of Motivational Interviewing (MI) delivered to 17 HIV/AIDS lay counsellors working in peri-urban settings in Western Cape Province, South Africa. Counsellors reported that they used MI techniques both at the start and at the end of the training. In addition, they reported confidence in their ability to influence their clients' motivation at both time points. The results from the ratings of role play performance showed that there was a marked change in emphasis over the group of counsellors from MI non-adherent practice before training (with advice giving, directiveness, control and confrontation) to more MI adherent practice (asking permission before giving advice, emphasising client autonomy, affirming the client and stressing the client's responsibility to change) at the end of the training. Only a small proportion of the counsellors reached the level of beginning proficiency (according to the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code) on the measure of the ratio of MI adherent to non-adherent responses. The ratio of reflections to questions and the percentage of open questions also showed improvements in performance across the group but generally to levels below that suggesting beginning proficiency in MI. There was no evidence of any change on global therapist ratings (of empathy and the spirit of MI, i.e. collaboration, evocation and autonomy support) or the percentage of complex reflections across the group of counsellors. Possible explanations for the results and public health implications are discussed.	AIDS,HIV,"motivational interviewing","SOUTH AFRICA",TRAINING,ADHERENCE,"ASSESSING COMPETENCE",CLINICIAN,CONTROLLED-TRIAL,INTERVENTION,THERAPY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000337962500011	The impact of HIV on children's education in eastern Zimbabwe	Campbell, Catherine,Eaton, Jeffrey W.,Gregson, Simon,Munyati, Shungu,Nyamukapa, Constance,Pufall, Erica L.,Robertson, Laura,Skovdal, Morten	2014	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	26	9	10.1080/09540121.2014.892564	Imperial College London, University of Copenhagen, University of London, Biomed Res & Training Inst	"Campbell, Catherine: University of London","Eaton, Jeffrey W.: Imperial College London","Gregson, Simon: Imperial College London","Pufall, Erica L.: Imperial College London","Robertson, Laura: Imperial College London","Skovdal, Morten: University of Copenhagen",	Little is known about how HIV impacts directly and indirectly on receiving, or particularly succeeding in, education in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this gap, we used multivariable logistic regression to determine the correlation between education outcomes in youth (aged 15-24) (being in the correct grade-for-age, primary school completion and having at least five "O" level passes) and being HIV-positive; having an HIV-positive parent; being a young carer; or being a maternal, paternal or double orphan, in five rounds (1998-2011) of a general population survey from eastern Zimbabwe. The fifth survey round (2009-2011) included data on children aged 6-17, which were analysed for the impacts of the above risk factors on regular attendance in primary and secondary schools and being in the correct grade-for-age. For data pooled over all rounds, being HIV-positive had no association with primary school completion, "O" level passes, or being in the correct grade-for-age in adolescents aged 16-17 years. Additionally, HIV status had no significant association with any education outcomes in children aged 6-17 surveyed in 2009-2011. In 2009-2011, being a young carer was associated with lower attendance in secondary school (69% vs. 85%, AOR: 0.44; p=0.02), whilst being a maternal (75% vs. 83%, AOR: 0.67; p&lt;0.01), paternal (76% vs. 83%, AOR: 0.67; p=0.02) or double (75% vs. 83%, AOR: 0.68; p=0.02) orphan was associated with decreased odds of being in the correct grade-for-age. All forms of orphanhood also significantly decreased the odds of primary school completion in youths surveyed from 1998 to 2011 (all p&lt;0.01). We found no evidence that HIV status affects education but further evidence that orphans do experience worse education outcomes than other children. Combination approaches that provide incentives for children to attend school and equip schools with tools to support vulnerable children may be most effective in improving education outcomes and should be developed and evaluated.	CHILDREN,EDUCATION,HIV,orphanhood,ZIMBABWE,AIDS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",CONSEQUENCES,NON-ORPHANS,OUTCOMES,"PARENTAL DEATH",POVERTY,SCHOOL,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",TANZANIA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320574400001	Can palliative care integrated within HIV outpatient settings improve pain and symptom control in a low-income country? A prospective, longitudinal, controlled intervention evaluation	Alexander, Carla,Collins, Karilyn,Combo, Eric,Harding, Richard,Loy, George,Memiah, Peter,Patrick, Genevieve,Sigalla, Geoffrey,Simms, Victoria	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	7	10.1080/09540121.2012.736608	Kings College London, University of London, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, AIDS Relief, Evangel Lutheran Church Tanzania, Hosp Teule, Sekou Toure Hosp	"Alexander, Carla: University of Maryland Baltimore","Alexander, Carla: University System of Maryland","Harding, Richard: Kings College London","Harding, Richard: University of London","Memiah, Peter: University of Maryland Baltimore","Memiah, Peter: University System of Maryland","Simms, Victoria: Kings College London","Simms, Victoria: University of London",	A high burden of pain, symptoms and other multidimensional problems persist alongside HIV treatment. WHO policy indicates palliative care as essential throughout the disease course. This study aimed to determine whether palliative care delivered from within an existing HIV outpatient setting improves control of pain and symptoms compared to standard care. A prospective, longitudinal controlled design compared patient outcomes at an outpatient facility that introduced palliative care training to clinicians and stocked essential palliative care drugs, to outcomes of a cohort of patients at a similar HIV care facility with no palliative care, in Tanzania. Inclusion criteria were clinically significant pain or symptoms. Patients were followed from baseline fortnightly until week 10 using validated self-report outcome measures. For the primary pain outcome, the required sample size of 120 patients was recruited. Odds of reporting pain reduced significantly more at intervention site (OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.50-0.72) than at control (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.90), p=0.001. For secondary outcomes, longitudinal analysis revealed significant difference in slope between intervention and control, respectively: Medical Outcomes Study-HIV (MOS-HIV) physical score 1.46 vs. 0.54, p=0.002; MOS-HIV mental health 1.13 vs. 0.26, p=0.006; and POS total score 0.84 vs. 0.18, p=0.001. Neither baseline CD4 nor antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was associated with outcome scores. These data are the first to report outcomes evaluating integrated HIV outpatient palliative care in the presence of ART. The data offer substantive evidence to underpin the existing WHO clinical guidance that states an essential role for palliative care alongside HIV treatment, regardless of prognosis.	evaluation,HIV,PAIN,palliative,SYMPTOMS,"ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BURDEN,CONTROLLED-TRIALS,"HEALTH SURVEY",INFECTION,"OUTCOME SCALE",PREVALENCE,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",UGANDA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000286937000013	An evaluation of the impact of a community-based adherence support programme on ART outcomes in selected government HIV treatment sites in South Africa	Ebrahim, R.,Grimwood, A.,Igumbor, J. O.,Jason, A.,Scheepers, E.	2011	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	23	2	10.1080/09540121.2010.498909	North West University - South Africa, Absolute Return Kids, Kheth Impilo	"Igumbor, J. O.: North West University - South Africa",	This study assessed the impact of a community-based adherence support service on the outcomes of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The evaluation was a retrospective study based on patient clinical records. This study noted that a significantly higher proportion of patients with a community-based adherence supporter (also known as a patient advocate, PA) had viral load (VL) of less than 400 copies/ml at six months of treatment (70%, p = 0.001); a significantly higher proportion of patients with PAs (89%) attained a treatment pickup rate of over 95% (67%; p = 0.021). Patients at health facilities with PA services maintained a suppressed VL for a longer period as opposed to patients at health facilities without PA services (p = 0.001), also patients at health facilities with PA services remained in care for longer periods (p = 0.001). Therefore, the study concludes that integrated community-based adherence support is crucial in ensuring that patients remain in care, regularly pickup their treatment from ART clinics and are virologically suppressed. The study also underscores the importance of access to health services and the presence of an enabling environment in the treatment of AIDS.	ADHERENCE,AIDS,"antiretroviral therapy (ART)","community-based support",HIV,"patient advocates (PA)","ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",EFFICACY,INTERVENTION,"MEDICATION ADHERENCE",PREDICTORS,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS",SURVIVAL	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320019700009	Evaluating the effects of community-based organization engagement on HIV and AIDS-related risk behavior in Kenya	Bonnel, Rene,Fruh, Joseph,Godoy-Garraza, Lucas,Kakietek, Jakub,Manteuffel, Brigitte A.,Murithi, Patrick,N'Jie, N'Della,Orago, Alloys,Riehman, Kara S.,Rodriguez-Garcia, Rosalia	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	None	10.1080/09540121.2013.778383	The World Bank, Amer Canc Soc, ICF Macro, Natl AIDS Control Council	"Bonnel, Rene: The World Bank","N'Jie, N'Della: The World Bank","Rodriguez-Garcia, Rosalia: The World Bank",	International donors have increasingly shifted AIDS funding directly to community-based organizations (CBOs) with the assumption that responding to the epidemic is best achieved at the community level. The World Bank, ICF Macro, and the National Council for Population and Development in Kenya, conducted a study to evaluate the community response in Kenya. The study used a quasi-experimental design comparing seven study communities and seven comparison communities in Nyanza Province and Western Province. We examined the impact of CBO activity on individual and community-level outcomes, including HIV knowledge, awareness and perceptions, sexual risk behavior, and social transformation (gender ideology and social capital). The study consisted of two components: a household survey conducted in all 14 communities, and qualitative data collected in a subset of communities. Individuals in communities with higher CBO engagement were significantly more likely to have reported consistent condom use. Higher CBO engagement was associated with some measures of social capital, including participation in local and national elections, and participation in electoral campaigns. CBOs provide added value in addressing the HIV and AIDS epidemic in very targeted and specific ways that are closely tied to the services they provide (e.g., prevention education); thus, increasing CBO engagement can be an effective measure in scaling up prevention efforts in those areas.	COMMUNITY,"community-based organization",HIV,KENYA,PREVENTION,"NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000305973900001	Caring for the caregiver: Evaluation of support groups for guardians of orphans and vulnerable children in Kenya	Jarabi, Ben,Rice, Janet,Thurman, Tonya R.	2012	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	24	7	10.1080/09540121.2011.644229	Tulane University, University of Nairobi	"Jarabi, Ben: University of Nairobi","Rice, Janet: Tulane University",	HIV and AIDS have altered the context in which millions of children in sub-Saharan Africa are raised. Many are under the care of a widowed or ill parent, and others are residing with their extended family. Caregivers of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC) face a variety of stressors that may adversely affect children. This study explores potential benefits of caregivers' membership in support groups on their own psychosocial wellbeing, and on the treatment and psychosocial well-being of OVC aged 8-14 under their care. A post-test study design comparing members and non-members was applied, drawing upon random samples of current and prospective beneficiaries from a rural community in Kenya. With up to two children per caregiver eligible for study inclusion, the sample comprised 766 caregivers and 1028 children. Three-quarters of children had lost at least one parent. Nearly 90% were cared for by a female, often their natural mother or grandmother. Half of the caregivers were widowed and one-fifth had a chronic illness. Over one-third of caregivers were members of support groups, more commonly female caregivers. Regression analyses assessed the effect of support group membership after controlling for household, caregiver and child characteristics. Members reported less social marginalization, better family functioning and more positive feelings towards the children in their care than nonmembers. Children with caregivers in support groups exhibited fewer behavioral problems, higher rates of pro-social behavior and reported lower incidence of abuse from adults in their household. The psychological state of caregivers, however, was not associated with support group membership. Results underscore that quality care of vulnerable children hinges on interventions that address the psychosocial challenges facing their caregivers.	CAREGIVERS,evaluation,KENYA,"orphans and vulnerable children","SUPPORT GROUP","AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES",AIDS,DIFFICULTIES,GRANDPARENTS,"HIV EPIDEMIC",IMPACT,INTERVENTIONS,MOTHERS,"PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT","SOCIAL SUPPORT"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000278681800013	Evaluation of a case management program for HIV clients in Rwanda	Dushimimana, Abel,Haas, Laura J.,Lavin, Bridget,Mock, Nancy,Thurman, Tonya Renee	2010	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	22	6	10.1080/09540120903443376	Tulane University, University of Rwanda	"Dushimimana, Abel: University of Rwanda","Haas, Laura J.: Tulane University","Lavin, Bridget: Tulane University","Mock, Nancy: Tulane University","Thurman, Tonya Renee: Tulane University"	Case management is a standard practice in the United States for the effective care of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA); however, application of this approach in developing countries has not been demonstrated. Although great advances have been made in Africa to increase PLHA's access to HIV services, care and support systems often remain fragmented. In September 2004, CARE International initiated a case management program in health facilities in Rwanda designed to enhance linkages between clinical and non-clinical services for PLHA. This paper presents findings from an evaluation of the program conducted in 2006 focusing on its implementation, specifically the responsibilities of case managers, community linkages, and integration within the health facility. Program outcomes of antiretroviral treatment adherence and quality of life among PLHA also were explored. Qualitative data were collected from case managers, clients, health care providers, and CARE staff. A survey was conducted among 75% of the 149 case managers. Results indicate the case management program strengthened linkages between health facility and community service providers for PLHA. However, most case managers (79%) reported inadequate resources to carry out their duties and high client loads, averaging 55 clients each. They also had limited referral networks. Nonetheless, case managers were highly regarded and appreciated by health professionals, who reported that the program helped to enhance patient-doctor relationships and ensure follow-up of patients' needs. Respondents further highlighted benefits of improved psychosocial well-being and better adherence to antiretroviral medications among clients. Issues remain in terms of case management efficacy in developing country environments, notably the availability and accessibility of needed ancillary services. Despite some limitations, data suggest case management is a viable strategy for providing comprehensive support to PLHA in Rwanda and its implementation elsewhere in Africa should be explored. Considerations in replicating this approach are discussed.	"CASE MANAGEMENT","people living with HIV and AIDS",RWANDA,"ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",ADHERENCE,CARE,HIV/AIDS,SERVICES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000228730200006	Evaluating the sexual behaviour, barriers to condom use and its actual use by university students in Nigeria	SUNMOLA, AM	2005	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	17	4	10.1080/09540120412331319732	University of Ibadan	None	This research quantified the barriers to condom use of a sample of university students in Nigeria. It further analyzed association between condom use at last intercourse and the barriers, in addition to HIV risk sexual practices. A total of 96 women and 128 men were randomly selected, and they completed a survey. Results indicated both men and women reported that condoms hindered their sexual satisfaction, caused health problems for them and reduced their sexual interest. The findings also showed that obtaining condoms from clinics and perception that condoms do not cause health problems predicted the likelihood of condom use for both sexes. In addition, the results indicated that obtaining first time information from family members or relatives predicted the likelihood of condom use for women. It was recommended that intervention efforts should make condoms freely available in tertiary institutions, and such interventions should be tailored to overcome the relevant barriers that interfere with condom use for both the women and men.	,DETERMINANTS,RISK	None	None
WoS	WOS:000270529100011	Household impacts of AIDS: using a life course approach to identify effective, poverty-reducing interventions for prevention, treatment and care	Hadingham, Jacqui,Loewenson, Rene,Whiteside, Alan	2009	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	21	8	10.1080/09540120802626170	University of Kwazulu Natal, TARSC	"Hadingham, Jacqui: University of Kwazulu Natal","Whiteside, Alan: University of Kwazulu Natal",	A life course approach was used to assess household level impacts and inform interventions around HIV risk and AIDS vulnerability across seven major age-related stages of life. Our focus was sub-Saharan Africa. We provided a qualitative review of evidence from published literature, particularly multicountry reviews on impacts of AIDS, on determinants of risk and vulnerability, and reports of large surveys. Areas of potential stress from birth to old age in households affected by AIDS, and interventions for dealing with these specific stresses were identified. While specific interventions for HIV are important at different stages, achieving survival and development outcomes demands a wider set of health, social security and development interventions. One way to determine the priorities amongst these actions is to give weighting to interventions that address factors that have latent impacts later in life, which interrupt accumulating risk, or that change pathways to reduce the risk of both immediate and later stress. This qualitative review suggested that interventions, important for life cycle transitions in generalised epidemics where HIV risk and AIDS vulnerability is high, lie within and outside the health sector, and suggested examples of such interventions.	"AIDS impacts","intersectoral action","Life course approach",AFRICA,CHILD,EDUCATION,EQUITY,HIV/AIDS,INCLUSION,INDIA,RESPONSES,SUPPORT,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748632889	The impact of an HIV and AIDS life skills program on secondary school students in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	James S., Reddy P., Ruiter R.A.C., McCauley A., Van Den Borne B.	2006	AIDS Education and Prevention	18	4	10.1521/aeap.2006.18.4.281	Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands; Horizons Program, Population Council, Washington, DC, United States; Medical Research Council, Health Promotion R and D Group, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	James, S., Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Medical Research Council, Health Promotion R and D Group, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Reddy, P., Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Ruiter, R.A.C., Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands; McCauley, A., Horizons Program, Population Council, Washington, DC, United States; Van Den Borne, B., Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands	The evaluation of the Department of Educations' life skills program on HIV and AIDS prevention among Grade 9 students in 22 randomly allocated schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, showed only a significant increase in student knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the intervention group compared with the control group. No effects were found on safe sex practices (condom use, sexual intercourse) or on measures of psychosocial determinants of these practices (attitude and self-efficacy). A process evaluation among the teachers showed that some implemented the program fully (seven schools) and some partially (four schools). An exploratory analysis showed that students who received the full intervention were more positive in their perceptions about sexual behavior and social connectedness (at 10-month follow-up) and reported less sex and more condom use (at 6-month follow-up) than students in the partial and control groups. These limited effects therefore call for further analysis of the content and implementation strategies used in the classroom. © 2006 The Guilford Press.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; child; condom; controlled study; demography; education program; female; follow up; health education; high school student; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; knowledge; male; medical society; questionnaire; safe sex; sexual behavior; sexual education; skill; social psychology; social support; South Africa; teacher; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Condoms; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Education; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Safe Sex; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Time Factors	None
WoS	WOS:000280743400005	EVALUATION OF A U.S. EVIDENCE-BASED PARENTING INTERVENTION IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: FROM PARENTS MATTER! TO FAMILIES MATTER!	Buve, Anne,Marum, Elizabeth,Menten, Joris,Miller, Kim S.,Obong'o, Christopher O.,Ochura, Juliet,Otwoma, Nelson J.,Poulsen, Melissa N.,Vandenhoudt, Hilde,Wyckoff, Sarah C.	2010	AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION	22	4	None	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Trop Med, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	We evaluated Families Matter! Program (FMP), an intervention designed to improve parent-child communication about sexual risk reduction and parenting skills. Parents of 10- to 12-year-olds were recruited in western Kenya. We aimed to assess community acceptability and FMP's effect on parenting practices and effective parent-child communication. Data were collected from parents and their children at baseline and 1 year postintervention. The intervention's effect was measured on six parenting and parent-child communication composite scores reported separately for parents and children. Of 375 parents, 351 (94%) attended all five intervention sessions. Parents' attitudes regarding sexuality education changed positively. Five of the six composite parenting scores reported by parents, and six of six reported by children, increased significantly at 1 year postintervention. Through careful adaptation of this U.S. intervention, FMP was well accepted in rural Kenya and enhanced parenting skills and parent-child sexuality communication. Parents are in a unique position to deliver primary prevention to youth before their sexual debut as shown in this Kenyan program.	,"ADOLESCENT DRUG-ABUSE",AFRICAN-AMERICAN,BEHAVIOR,COMMUNICATION,"CONDOM USE",EDUCATION,HIV,"PRIMARY PREVENTION",SEXUAL-RISK,TRIAL	None	None
WoS	WOS:000250391300001	The reliability and validity of self-report measures used to evaluate adolescent HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Sub-saharan Africa	Aastrom, Anne N.,Klepp, Knut-Inge,Komro, Kelli A.,Kugler, Karl C.,Masatu, Melkiory,Mnyika, Kagoma S.,Stigler, Melissa H.	2007	AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION	19	5	None	Florida State University System, University of Bergen, University of Florida, University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, University of Oslo, Blue Cross Blue Shield Minnesota	None	The use of reliable and valid tools to evaluate theory-based health interventions is widely accepted as critical to the behavioral sciences. However, quite often the psychometric properties of survey instruments used to evaluate behavioral interventions are not published, limiting our understanding of how the theory works. The purpose of this study was to present the results of psychometric analyses on measures used to evaluate an HIV/AIDS prevention program for youth in Tanzania. We first began by pilot-testing a self-administered questionnaire with sixth-and seventh-grade students in nine schools in 11 villages throughout the Kahe ward of Tanzania (n = 524). Theory-based scales tapped into intrapersonal, social and attitudinal factors. Reliability was evaluated by examining internal consistency, while validity was determined by examining content, construct and discriminant validities. The results indicate that the scales constructed are reasonably reliable and valid measures. Use of these measures should be considered when designing, implementing, and analyzing interventions targeting youth in sub-Saharan Africa.	,"AIDS EDUCATION","CONDOM USE",HIV,INTENTIONS,PREDICTORS,"PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN",RISK,SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR,TANZANIA,YOUTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247594240	An evaluation of awareness: Attitudes and beliefs of pregnant Nigerian women toward voluntary counseling and testing for HIV	Okonkwo K.C., Reich K., Alabi A.I., Umeike N., Nachman S.A.	2007	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	21	4	10.1089/apc.2006.0065	Division Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; West African AIDS Group, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66106, Unit	Okonkwo, K.C., Division Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66106, United States; Reich, K., West African AIDS Group, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Alabi, A.I., West African AIDS Group, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Umeike, N., West African AIDS Group, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Nachman, S.A., Division Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States	The rate of HIV seroprevalence in Nigeria is troublesome because it is one of the highest prevalence rates worldwide. As in most developing countries, vertical transmission from mother to child accounts for most of the HIV infections in Nigerian children. The purpose of this study was to determine the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant Nigerian women toward voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV. Two hundred forty pregnant women in Awka, Nigeria, completed questionnaires aimed at determining their willingness to accept or reject VCT. Furthermore, participants where questioned about their knowledge of HIV infection, routes of transmission, and treatment options. The majority of the women (87%) approved of VCT; of those who approved, 93% were aware that VCT could reduce the risk of transmission of HIV to their babies. All respondents who accepted VCT were willing to be tested if results remained confidential and 89% would accept if they were tested simultaneously with their partners. 69% of the women who refused VCT attribute their refusal to the social and cultural stigmatization associated with HIV. Overall, the acceptance of VCT appears to depend on the understanding that VCT has proven benefits for the unborn child. Sociocultural factors such as stigmatization of HIV-infected individuals appears to be the major barrier toward widespread acceptance of VCT in Nigeria, thus the development of innovative health education strategies is essential for providing women with information regarding the benefits of VCT and other means of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adult; article; attitude to health; awareness; evaluation; female; health belief; health education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infection prevention; infection risk; Nigeria; patient counseling; pregnancy; pregnant woman; questionnaire; stigma; treatment refusal; vertical transmission; Adult; Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Transmission, Vertical; Evaluation Studies; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Nigeria; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prejudice; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922280061	Is CD4 Monitoring Needed among Ugandan Clients Achieving a Virologic and Immunologic Response to Treatment?	Reynolds S.J., Sempa J.B., Kiragga A.N., Newell K., Nakigozi G., Galiwango R., Gray R., Quinn T.C., Serwadda D., Chang L.	2014	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	28	11	10.1089/apc.2014.0086	Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Plot 1577 Gaba Road, Bethesda, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical Research Dir./CMRP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Reynolds, S.J., Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Plot 1577 Gaba Road, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Sempa, J.B., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kiragga, A.N., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Newell, K., Clinical Research Dir./CMRP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Galiwango, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Gray, R., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quinn, T.C., Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Plot 1577 Gaba Road, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Chang, L., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	It is unclear whether ongoing CD4 monitoring is needed following immunologic and virologic response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the proportion of clients who achieved a virologic and immunologic response and then had a subsequent CD4 count <200 cells/μL despite continued virologic suppression. Included in this analysis were clients receiving ART through the Rakai Health Sciences Program between June 2004-May 2013 who achieved a CD4 ≥200 cells/μL and VL ≤400 copies/mL and who had three sets of CD4 and VL measurements (defined as a sequence) within a 390 day period. A CD4 decline was defined as any drop in CD4 count to <200 cells/μL during a period of viral suppression. A total of 1553 clients were included, 68% females, mean age of 35.5 years (SD 8.3), median baseline CD4 count 183 cells/μL (IQR 106-224). 43 (2.8%) clients developed CD4 declines, the majority, 32/43 (74%), among individuals whose initial CD4 was <300 cells/μL. Of the 43 clients with CD4 declines, 24 had an additional CD4 measurement and 20/24 (83%) achieved a CD4 ≥200 cell/μL on their next measurement (median 285 cells/μL; IQR 220-365). CD4 declines were significantly greater among those with lower CD4 at sequence initiation [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 4.3 (95% CI 2.1, 9.0) CD4 200-249 versus ≥350 cells/μL]. Clients who achieved an immunologic and virologic response to ART were unlikely to experience a subsequent CD4 count decline to <200 cells/μL, and among those experiencing a decline, the majority were transient in nature. Thus, ongoing CD4 monitoring could be omitted. © 2014 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adult; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; immune response; major clinical study; male; patient monitoring; treatment response; Ugandan; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; evaluation study; health service; HIV Infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; immunology; multivariate analysis; treatment outcome; Uganda; virology; virus load; antiretrovirus agent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69249119007	Field evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of an oral fluid rapid test for HIV, tested at point-of-service sites in rural Zimbabwe	Pascoe S.J.S., Langhaug L.F., Mudzori J., Burke E., Hayes R., Cowan F.M.	2009	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	23	7	10.1089/apc.2008.0225	IDEU, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe; Comforce/CDC Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Pascoe, S.J.S., IDEU, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Langhaug, L.F., Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Mudzori, J., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe; Burke, E., Comforce/CDC Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hayes, R., IDEU, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Cowan, F.M., Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom	The objective of this study was to validate the use of OraQuick® ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody test (OraSure Technologies Inc., Bethlehem, PA) on oral fluid for a population-based HIV prevalence survey of rural youth in southeast Zimbabwe. The evaluation was conducted in patients presenting for voluntary counseling and testing at rural clinics. Each participant provided an oral fluid sample tested using OraQuick® ADVANCE. In addition, dried blood specimens were collected and tested blind at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory in Harare using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; Vironostika®, Biomérieux BV, Boxtel, The Netherlands and Ani Labsystems, Ltd., Vantaa, Finland) with confirmatory Western blot (MP Diagnostics [formerly Genelabs Diagnostics], Medical Technology Promedt Consulting GMBH, St. Ingbert, Germany) for samples with discrepant results. Diagnostic accuracy of the oral fluid assay was determined against the ELISA/Western blot algorithm as gold standard. Five hundred and ninety-one participants took part in the study between February and July 2006. Sensitivity of the test on oral fluid was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.9-100), and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 99.1-100). HIV prevalence based on the reference standard was 29.8% (95% CI: 26.1-33.5). This is one of the first validations of this rapid assay on oral fluid conducted in a general population to be reported in Africa. While there are some limitations with the assay (e.g., unlikely to detect those in early stages of HIV infection or with reduced viral load; altered accuracy in pregnancy) these limitations also apply to other rapid assays. The results showed the assay to be 100% accurate in determining HIV status, performed well in field settings, and can be considered suitable for use in epidemiologic surveys aiming to estimate HIV prevalence in general populations. © Copyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood sampling; controlled study; counseling; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; field study; gold standard; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; major clinical study; male; oral fluid rapid test; outpatient department; prevalence; sensitivity and specificity; validation study; Western blotting; Zimbabwe; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Algorithms; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rural Population; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455179571	Peer health workers and AIDS care in rakai, Uganda: A mixed methods operations research evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial	Arem H., Nakyanjo N., Kagaayi J., Mulamba J., Nakigozi G., Serwadda D., Quinn T.C., Gray R.H., Bollinger R.C., Reynolds S.J., Chang L.W.	2011	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	25	12	10.1089/apc.2010.0349	Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Arem, H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nakyanjo, N., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Kagaayi, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Mulamba, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bollinger, R.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Chang, L.W., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States	Settings with limited health care workers are challenging environments for delivery of antiretroviral therapy. One strategy to address this human resource crisis is to task shift through training selected patients as peer health workers (PHWs) to provide care to other individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. To better understand processes of a cluster-randomized trial on the effect of these PHWs on AIDS care, we conducted a mixed methods operations research evaluation. Qualitative methods involved patients, PHWs, and clinic staff and included 38 in-depth interviews, 8 focus group discussions, and 11 direct observations. Quantitative methods included staff surveys, process, and virologic data analyses. Results showed that task shifting to PHWs positively affected structural and programmatic functions of care delivery-improving clinical organization, medical care access, and patient-provider communication-with little evidence for problems with confidentiality and inadvertent disclosure. Additionally, this evaluation elucidated trial processes including evidence for direct and indirect control arm contamination and evidence for mitigation of antiretroviral treatment fatigue by PHWs. Our results support the use of PHWs to complement conventional clinical staff in delivering AIDS care in low-resource settings and highlight how mixed methods operations research evaluations can provide important insights into community-based trials. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; AIDS patient; article; confidentiality; contamination; controlled study; female; follow up; health care access; health care delivery; health care personnel; human; interview; male; patient compliance; peer health worker; randomized controlled trial; stigma; Uganda; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Community Health Services; Confidentiality; Data Collection; Female; Focus Groups; Health Personnel; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Patient Care; Peer Group; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rural Population; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954920925	Evaluation of the efficiency of patient flow at three HIV clinics in Uganda	Wanyenze R.K., Wagner G., Alamo S., Amanyire G., Ouma J., Kwarisima D., Sunday P., Wabwire-Mangen F., Kamya M.	2010	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	24	7	10.1089/apc.2009.0328	Makerere University, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States; Reachout Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Mulago-Mbarara Teaching Hospitals' Joint AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda	Wanyenze, R.K., Makerere University, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Wagner, G., RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States; Alamo, S., Reachout Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Amanyire, G., Mulago-Mbarara Teaching Hospitals' Joint AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda; Ouma, J., Mulago-Mbarara Teaching Hospitals' Joint AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda; Kwarisima, D., Mulago-Mbarara Teaching Hospitals' Joint AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda; Sunday, P., Reachout Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Wabwire-Mangen, F., Makerere University, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kamya, M., Mulago-Mbarara Teaching Hospitals' Joint AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda	With dramatic increases in antiretroviral therapy (ART) provision, many clinics in sub-Saharan Africa are congested, but little attention has focused on the efficiency of clinics. Between April and June 2008, we conducted a time-and-motion study to assess patient flow at three HIV clinics in Uganda. Mulago HIV Clinic had 6,700 active patients, compared with 2,700 at Mbarara Municipal Council Clinic (MMC) and 2,800 at Reachout Mbuya (ROM). Mulago had six doctors and eight nurses; MMC had two doctors and two nurses, and ROM had two doctors and 12 nurses. Mulago and MMC used a doctor-led model, whereas ROM used a nurse-led model. Randomly selected patients were tracked, with data collected on time waiting and time spent with providers. Patients were categorized as new, preparing for ART, early ART, stable ART, or non-ART. Doctors indicated whether the patients they saw warranted their consultation. Data were collected on 689 patients (230 at Mulago, 229 at MMC, and 230 at ROM). Overall waiting time was longest at ROM (274 min; 209-346) and Mulago ISS (270 min; 230-336) compared with MMC (183 min; 148-233). Nurse-clinicians at ROM spent twice the time with patients compared with the doctors at Mulago. At Mulago, doctors indicated that 27% of the patients they reviewed did not need to see a doctor, compared with 45% at MMC. Task-shifting may not be efficient in terms of time. More-effective triage and longer visit intervals could improve patient flow and capacity for cost-effective scale-up. © 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2010.	None	Africa; article; clinical effectiveness; consultation; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; emergency health service; female; health care personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; information processing; major clinical study; male; nurse; outpatient department; patient care; patient selection; physician; Uganda; virotherapy; ambulatory care; clinical practice; economics; evaluation study; health care quality; health care survey; HIV Infections; hospital management; organization and management; outpatient department; statistics and numerical data; task performance; time management; Uganda; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-HIV Agents; Appointments and Schedules; Efficiency, Organizational; Health Care Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Office Visits; Physician's Practice Patterns; Quality of Health Care; Time and Motion Studies; Time Management; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890419515	Prospective cohort study of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on employment outcomes among HIV clients in Uganda	Linnemayr S., Glick P., Kityo C., Mugyeni P., Wagner G.	2013	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	27	12	10.1089/apc.2013.0139	RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica CA 90407, United States; Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda	Linnemayr, S., RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica CA 90407, United States; Glick, P., RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica CA 90407, United States; Kityo, C., Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda; Mugyeni, P., Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda; Wagner, G., RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica CA 90407, United States	This study evaluates the impact of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on employment-related outcomes using prospective, longitudinal analysis. Starting in January 2008, 602 treatment-naïve clients in one rural clinic and in one clinic in the capital Kampala were interviewed about their medical history, and psychosocial and socioeconomic adjustment at baseline and at months 6 and 12. Half of the sample was eligible to receive ART, while the other half was also in HIV care, but not yet eligible for ART, therefore providing a comparison group that is similar to the treatment group in that its members are HIV-positive and have made the decision to enroll in HIV care. We found improvements in general health, reduction in the incidence of pain and health interfering with work, as well as improvements in work-related self-efficacy for both groups over time, but significantly more so for the group receiving ART treatment. At baseline, less than half of the people in the ART group worked, but after 6 months more than three quarters of them were working, surpassing the fraction of people working in the control group after 1 year. Another key finding of the study was the importance of mental health as a key mediator for employment-related outcomes. These data indicate that ART clients experience greater improvements compared to pre-ART clients, and not only with regard to general health, but also in restoring confidence in their ability to work, as well as actual work status. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; antiretroviral treatment; antiviral therapy; article; clinical trial; cohort analysis; employment; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; prospective study; self concept; Uganda; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Employment; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Young Adult	Rockefeller Foundation; HE 007, Rockefeller Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856365361	Task-shifting to community health workers: Evaluation of the performance of a peer-led model in an antiretroviral program in Uganda	Alamo S., Wabwire-Mangen F., Kenneth E., Sunday P., Laga M., Colebunders R.L.	2012	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	26	2	10.1089/apc.2011.0279	Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, P.O. Box 7307, Kampala 256, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; HIV Epidemiology and Control Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium	Alamo, S., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, P.O. Box 7307, Kampala 256, Uganda; Wabwire-Mangen, F., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kenneth, E., Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sunday, P., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Laga, M., HIV Epidemiology and Control Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Colebunders, R.L., Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium	Task shifting to community health workers (CHW) has received recognition. We examined the performance of community antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis treatment supporters (CATTS) in scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Reach Out, a community-based ART program in Uganda. Retrospective data on home visits made by CATTS were analyzed to examine the CATTS ability to perform home visits to patients based on the model's standard procedures. Qualitative interviews conducted with 347 randomly selected patients and 47 CATTS explored their satisfaction with the model. The CATTS ability to follow-up with patients worsened from patients requiring daily, weekly, monthly, to three-monthly home visits. Only 26% and 15% of them correctly home visited patients with drug side effects and a missed clinic appointment, respectively. Additionally, 83% visited stable pre-ART and ART patients (96%) more frequently than required. Six hundred eighty of the 3650 (18%) patients were lost to follow-up (LTFU) during the study period. The mean number of patients LTFU per CATTS was 40.5. Male (p=0.005), worked for longer durations (p=0.02), and had lower education (p=0.005). An increased number of patients (p=0.01) were associated with increased LTFU. Ninety-two percent of the CATTS felt the model could be improved by reducing the workload. CATTS who were HIV positive, female, not residing in the same village as their patients, more educated, married, on ART, and spent less time with the patients were rated better by their patients. The Reach-Out CHW model is labor-intensive. Triaged home visits could improve performance and allow CATTS time to focus on patients requiring more intensive follow-up. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; controlled study; female; follow up; health auxiliary; health care management; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; major clinical study; male; marriage; medical education; patient satisfaction; peer group; professional practice; qualitative analysis; retrospective study; school child; shift worker; Uganda; workload; Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Community Health Workers; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seropositivity; Home Care Services; House Calls; Humans; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Middle Aged; Program Evaluation; Retrospective Studies; Uganda; Young Adult	None
None	None	Evaluation of a health setting-based stigma intervention in five African countries	Uys L., Chirwa M., Kohi T., Greeff M., Naidoo J., Makoae L., Dlamini P., Durrheim K., Cuca Y., Holzemer W.L.	2009	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	23	12	10.1089/apc.2009.0085	School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; College of Health Sciences, Muhimbili University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Nursing, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Nursing, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Department of Nursing, University of Swaziland, Mbabane, Swaziland; Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Uys, L., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Chirwa, M., College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; Kohi, T., College of Health Sciences, Muhimbili University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Greeff, M., Department of Nursing, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Naidoo, J., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Makoae, L., Department of Nursing, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Dlamini, P., Department of Nursing, University of Swaziland, Mbabane, Swaziland; Durrheim, K., Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Cuca, Y., School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Holzemer, W.L., School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	The study aim is to explore the results of an HIV stigma intervention in five African health care settings. A case study approach was used. The intervention consisted of bringing together a team of approximately 10 nurses and 10 people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHA) in each setting and facilitating a process in which they planned and implemented a stigma reduction intervention, involving both information giving and empowerment. Nurses (n = 134) completed a demographic questionnaire, the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-Nurses (HASI-N), a self-efficacy scale, and a self-esteem scale, both before and after the intervention, and the team completed a similar set of instruments before and after the intervention, with the PLHA completing the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument for PLHA (HASI-P). The intervention as implemented in all five countries was inclusive, action-oriented, and well received. It led to understanding and mutual support between nurses and PLHA and created some momentum in all the settings for continued activity. PLHA involved in the intervention teams reported less stigma and increased self-esteem. Nurses in the intervention teams and those in the settings reported no reduction in stigma or increases in self- esteem and self-efficacy, but their HIV testing behavior increased significantly. This pilot study indicates that the stigma experience of PLHA can be decreased, but that the stigma experiences of nurses are less easy to change. Further evaluation research with control groups and larger samples and measuring change over longer periods of time is indicated. © 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; Africa; article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; female; health care; health care quality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intervention study; major clinical study; male; medical information; nurse; questionnaire; rating scale; self concept; serodiagnosis; Adult; Africa; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Prejudice; Stereotyping	None
WoS	WOS:000311886700008	Impact of Internalized Stigma on HIV Prevention Behaviors Among HIV-Infected Individuals Seeking HIV Care in Kenya	Akach, Emannuel,Dodge, Brian,Kingori, Caroline,Murray, Maresa,Ngatia, Peter,Obeng, Samuel,Ojakaa, David,Reece, Michael,Shacham, Enbal	2012	AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS	26	12	10.1089/apc.2012.0258	Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University System, Ohio University, Saint Louis University, African Med Res Fdn AMREF	"Dodge, Brian: Indiana University Bloomington","Dodge, Brian: Indiana University System","Kingori, Caroline: Ohio University","Murray, Maresa: Indiana University Bloomington","Murray, Maresa: Indiana University System","Obeng, Samuel: Indiana University Bloomington","Obeng, Samuel: Indiana University System","Reece, Michael: Indiana University Bloomington","Reece, Michael: Indiana University System","Shacham, Enbal: Saint Louis University",	In general, an initial diagnosis of HIV is likely to be correlated with the onset of HIV stigma. HIV-positive individuals are likely to internalize stigma, may suffer from psychosocial issues, or engage in maladaptive behaviors to cope with the diagnosis. Internalized stigma stems from fear of stigmatization also known as felt stigma. The current study examined the impact of HIV felt stigma on overall health and success of HIV prevention behaviors among 370 participants living with HIV and receiving care at an urban HIV clinic in Kenya. An 18-item instrument was cross culturally adapted to measure felt stigma. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses examined the data. Findings indicate that 25.9% (n = 96) of participants who reported experiencing high levels of felt stigma related to other people's attitudes toward their condition, ostracizing, and a disruption of their personal life, were likely to not adhere to prescribed HIV medication and not disclose their HIV serostatus to one other person. Those who also experienced felt stigma related to a disruption of their personal lives while mediated by depression were likely to report poor overall health. Findings support having HIV clinics and interventions develop relevant HIV prevention strategies that focus on the emerging dimensions of felt stigma which can significantly impact disclosure of serostatus, medication adherence, and overall health.	,ADHERENCE,DEPRESSION,DISCLOSURE,HEALTH,HIV/AIDS,PEOPLE,SCALE,TRANSLATION,VALIDATION,VALIDITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282682300005	The Perceived Impact of Disclosure of Pediatric HIV Status on Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Child Well-Being, and Social Relationships in a Resource-Limited Setting	Ayaya, Samwel O.,Inui, Thomas S.,Marrero, David G.,Nyandiko, Winstone M.,Vreeman, Rachel C.,Walumbe, Eunice G.	2010	AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS	24	10	10.1089/apc.2010.0079	Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA	"Walumbe, Eunice G.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)",	In resource-limited settings, beliefs about disclosing a child's HIV status and the subsequent impacts of disclosure have not been well studied. We sought to describe how parents and guardians of HIV-infected children view the impact of disclosing a child's HIV status, particularly for children's antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. A qualitative study was conducted using involving focus groups and interviews with parents and guardians of HIV-infected children receiving ART in western Kenya. Interviews covered multiple aspects of the experience of having children take medicines. Transcribed interview dialogues were coded for analysis. Data were collected from 120 parents and guardians caring for children 0-14 years (mean 6.8 years, standard deviation [SD] 6.4); 118 of 120 had not told the children they had HIV. Children's caregivers (parents and guardians) described their views on disclosure to children and to others, including how this information-sharing impacted pediatric ART adherence, children's well-being, and their social relationships. Caregivers believed that disclosure might have benefits such as improved ART adherence, especially for older children, and better engagement of a helping social network. They also feared, however, that disclosure might have both negative psychological effects for children and negative social effects for their families, including discrimination. In western Kenya, caregivers' views on the risks and benefits to disclosing children's HIV status emerged a key theme related to a family's experience with HIV medications, even for families who had not disclosed the child's status. Assessing caregivers' views of disclosure is important to understanding and monitoring pediatric ART.	,ADOLESCENTS,DIAGNOSIS,HEALTH-CARE,HIV/AIDS,"MEDICAL LITERATURE","QUALITATIVE RESEARCH",SURVIVAL,"USERS GUIDES","VIRUS-INFECTED CHILDREN","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891803931	Evaluation of the false recent classification rates of multiassay algorithms in estimating HIV type 1 subtype C incidence	Moyo S., LeCuyer T., Wang R., Gaseitsiwe S., Weng J., Musonda R., Bussmann H., Mine M., Engelbrecht S., Makhema J., Marlink R., Baum M.K., Novitsky V., Essex M.	2014	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	30	1	10.1089/aid.2013.0055	Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; National Health Laboratory and Botswana-Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, United States	Moyo, S., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; LeCuyer, T., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, United States; Wang, R., Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Gaseitsiwe, S., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Weng, J., Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Musonda, R., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Bussmann, H., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Mine, M., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, National Health Laboratory and Botswana-Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; Engelbrecht, S., Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Makhema, J., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Marlink, R., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Baum, M.K., R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, United States; Novitsky, V., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Essex, M., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Laboratory cross-sectional assays are useful for the estimation of HIV incidence, but are known to misclassify individuals with long-standing infection as recently infected. The false recent rate (FRR) varies widely across geographic areas; therefore, accurate estimates of HIV incidence require a locally defined FRR. We determined FRR for Botswana, where HIV-1 subtype C infection is predominant, using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED), a Bio-Rad Avidity Index (BAI) assay (a modification of the Bio-Rad HIV1/2+O EIA), and two multiassay algorithms (MAA) that included clinical data. To estimate FRR, stored blood samples from 512 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals from a prospective cohort in Botswana were tested at 18-24 months postenrollment. The following FRR mean (95% CI) values were obtained: BED 6.05% (4.15-8.48), BAI 5.57% (3.70-8.0), BED-BAI 2.25% (1.13-4.0), and a combination of BED-BAI with CD4 (>200) and viral load (>400) threshold 1.43% (0.58-2.93). The interassay agreement between BED and BAI was 92.8% (95% CI, 90.1-94.5) for recent/long-term classification. Misclassification was associated with viral suppression for BED [adjusted OR (aOR) 10.31; p=0.008], BAI [aOR 9.72; p=0.019], and MAA1 [aOR 16.6; p=0.006]. Employing MAA can reduce FRR to <2%. A local FRR can improve cross-sectional HIV incidence estimates. © 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adult; age; article; Botswana; CD4 lymphocyte count; classification algorithm; cohort analysis; enzyme immunoassay; female; follow up; gender; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (strain C); Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; middle aged; opportunistic infection; priority journal; virus load; young adult; algorithm; blood; classification; geography; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; incidence; pregnancy; prospective study; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Adult; Algorithms; Botswana; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Geography; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Incidence; Male; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956363597	Evidence of impact of maternal HIV infection on immunoglobulin levels in HIV-exposed uninfected children	Bunders M., Pembrey L., Kuijpers T., Newell M.-L.	2010	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	26	9	10.1089/aid.2009.0241	Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, Somkhele, South Africa	Bunders, M., Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Pembrey, L., MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Kuijpers, T., Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Newell, M.-L., MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, Somkhele, South Africa	HIV infection affects B cell function and is associated with increased immunoglobulin levels, including in HIV-infected pregnant women. It is unknown if maternal HIV infection affects immunoglobulins in their uninfected children. We investigated this using prospective longitudinal data from children born to HIV-infected women enrolled in the European Collaborative Study (ECS). Data from children enrolled in the European Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Network (EPHN) were used as a comparison group. Associations between infant and maternal factors and child log10 total IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were quantified in linear regression analyses. A total of 1751 HIV-uninfected (ECS) and 167 HCV-uninfected children (EPHN) were included. HIV-uninfected children had significantly higher IgG, IgM, and IgA levels than HCV-uninfected children up to at least 24 months. Among HIV-exposed uninfected children, IgG levels from birth until 5 years of age were correlated with increased maternal IgG levels. ART exposure in fetal and early neonatal life was associated with lower IgG. These findings indicate alterations in immunoglobulin levels in uninfected children born to HIV-infected women, suggesting that fetal exposure to a chronically activated maternal immune system is associated with an altered humoral response. © 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; immunoglobulin; adult; article; evidence based medicine; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; humoral immunity; immune system; immunoglobulin blood level; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; newborn; pregnant woman; priority journal; prospective study; virus transmission; blood; comparative study; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; passive immunization; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; preschool child; transmission; vertical transmission; Child, Preschool; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Immunoglobulins; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651462061	Impact of HIV type 1 subtype on drug resistance mutations in Nigerian patients failing first-line therapy	Chaplin B., Eisen G., Idoko J., Onwujekwe D., Idigbe E., Adewole I., Gashau W., Meloni S., Sarr A.D., Sankalé J.L., Ekong E., Murphy R.L., Kanki P.	2011	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	27	1	10.1089/aid.2010.0050	Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria; National Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Univer	Chaplin, B., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Eisen, G., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Idoko, J., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria; Onwujekwe, D., National Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Idigbe, E., National Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Adewole, I., University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gashau, W., University Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Meloni, S., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Sarr, A.D., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Sankalé, J.L., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Ekong, E., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Murphy, R.L., Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Kanki, P., Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	A diverse array of non-subtype B HIV-1 viruses circulates in Africa and dominates the global pandemic. It is important to understand how drug resistance mutations in non-B subtypes may develop differently from the patterns described in subtype B. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease sequences from 338 patients with treatment failure to first-line ART regimens were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of subtype on each mutation controlling for regimen, time on therapy, and total mutations. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes included CRF02-AG (45.0%), G (37.9%), CRF06-cpx (4.4%), A (3.6%), and other subtypes or recombinant sequences (9.2%). The most common NRTI mutations were M184V (89.1%) and thymidine analog mutations (TAMs). The most common NNRTI mutations were Y181C (49.7%), K103N (36.4%), G190A (26.3%), and A98G (19.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that CRF02-AG was less likely to have the M41L mutation compared to other subtypes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.35; p = 0.022]. Subtype A patients showed a 42.5-fold increased risk (AOR = 42.5, p = 0.001) for the L210W mutation. Among NNRTI mutations, subtype G patients had an increased risk for A98G (AOR = 2.40, p = 0.036) and V106I (AOR = 6.15, p = 0.010), whereas subtype CRF02-AG patients had an increased risk for V90I (AOR = 3.16; p = 0.003) and a decreased risk for A98G (AOR = 0.48, p = 0.019). Five RT mutations were found to vary significantly between different non-B West African subtypes. Further study to understand the clinical impact of subtype-specific diversity on drug resistance will be critically important to the continued success of ART scale-up in resource-limited settings. © Copyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	efavirenz; lamivudine; stavudine; tenofovir; thymidine derivative; zidovudine; article; controlled study; drug treatment failure; gene sequence; genotype; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; major clinical study; Nigeria; nonhuman; phylogenetic tree; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; structural gene; virus gene; virus mutation; Amino Acid Substitution; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Drug Resistance, Viral; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Protease; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation, Missense; Nigeria; RNA, Viral; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Treatment Failure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898734945	Impact of HIV subtype on performance of the limiting antigen-Avidity enzyme immunoassay, the bio-rad avidity assay, and the BED capture immunoassay in Rakai, Uganda	Longosz A.F., Serwadda D., Nalugoda F., Kigozi G., Franco V., Gray R.H., Quinn T.C., Eshleman S.H., Laeyendecker O.	2014	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	30	4	10.1089/aid.2013.0169	Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Longosz, A.F., Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda, Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Nalugoda, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Kigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Franco, V., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quinn, T.C., Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Eshleman, S.H., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laeyendecker, O., Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Previous studies demonstrated that individuals with subtype D HIV infection who had been infected for 2 or more years were frequently misclassified as assay positive using cross-sectional incidence assays. Samples from 510 subjects (212 subtype A, 298 subtype D) who were infected for 2.2 to 14.5 years (median 5.4 years) and were not virally suppressed were tested using an LAg-Avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), Bio-Rad Avidity assay, and BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). The performance of these three assays was evaluated using various assay cutoff values [LAg-Avidity EIA: <1.0 OD-n and <2.0 OD-n; Bio-Rad Avidity assay: <40% avidity index (AI) and <80% AI; BED-CEIA: <0.8 OD-n]. The mean LAg-Avidity EIA result was higher for subtype A than D (4.54±0.95 vs. 3.86±1.26, p<0.001); the mean Bio-Rad Avidity assay result was higher for subtype A than D (88.9%±12.5% vs. 75.1±30.5, p<0.001); and the mean BED-CEIA result was similar for the two subtypes (2.2±1.2 OD-n for subtype A, 2.2±1.3 OD-n for subtype D, p<0.9). The frequency of misclassification was higher for individuals with subtype D infection compared to those with subtype A infection, using either the LAg-Avidity EIA with a cutoff of <2.0 OD-n or the Bio-Rad Avidity assay with cutoffs of <40% or <80% AI. No subtype-specific differences in assay performance were observed using the BED-CEIA. Sex and age were not significantly associated with misclassification by any assay. The LAg-Avidity EIA with a cutoff <1.0 OD-n had the lowest frequency of misclassification in this Ugandan population. © 2014 Mary Ann Liebert Inc.	None	antigen; article; BED capture immunoassay; bio rad avidity assay; clinical article; enzyme immunoassay; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; human tissue; immunoassay; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; male; performance; priority journal; Uganda; virus classification; virus typing; Adolescent; Adult; Antibody Affinity; Cohort Studies; Epidemiological Monitoring; Female; Genotype; HIV; HIV Antibodies; HIV Antigens; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Uganda; Young Adult	NIAID, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NICHD, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NIH, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; K22-AI092150-01, NIH, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; R01-A134265, NIH, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; R01-A134826, NIH, Bil
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247847793	Evaluation of Aldrithiol-2-inactivated preparations of HIV type 1 subtypes A, B, and D as reagents to monitor T cell responses	Rutebemberwa A., Bess Jr. J.W., Brown B., Arroyo M., Eller M., Slike B., Polonis V., McCutchan F., Currier J.R., Birx D., Robb M., Marovich M., Lifson J.D., Cox J.H.	2007	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	23	4	10.1089/aid.2006.0136	US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, AIDS Vaccine Program, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Makerere University, Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States	Rutebemberwa, A., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Bess Jr., J.W., SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, AIDS Vaccine Program, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Brown, B., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Arroyo, M., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Eller, M., Makerere University, Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Slike, B., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Polonis, V., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; McCutchan, F., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Currier, J.R., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Birx, D., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Robb, M., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Marovich, M., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Lifson, J.D., SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, AIDS Vaccine Program, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Cox, J.H., US Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, United States, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry Jackson Foundation, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States	The development of HIV vaccines is an urgent priority and there is need to generate reagents representing multiple subtypes that can be used to screen HIV-1-specific responses. We used Aldrithiol-2 (AT-2), a mild oxidizing reagent, to eliminate the infectivity of HIV while maintaining its structure and ability to be processed for presentation to T cells. Inactivated subtype A, B, and D viruses were evaluated for their ability to stimulate T cell responses in PBMC samples from 18 U.S. subjects infected with HIV-1 subtype B and 32 Ugandan subjects infected with subtypes A and D or recombinants AC and AD. Five HIV-1-negative samples were also analyzed. T cell responses to AT-2-inactivated viral isolates were monitored by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) intracellular cytokine secretion (ICS) analysis; matched microvesicle preparations served as negative controls. Among the 18 subtype B infected subjects, 39% had CD3 +CD4+ IFN-γ responses and 67% had CD3 +CD8+ IFN-γ responses. Of the 32 Ugandan subjects, 34% demonstrated CD3+CD4+ IFN-γ responses and 78% demonstrated CD3+CD8+ IFN-γ responses. Both subtype-specific and cross-reactive responses were observed. Responses to the AT-2 viruses tended to be lower in magnitude than those detected by a set of overlapping gag peptides. Robust lymphoproliferative responses to AT-2 viruses were seen in a subset of subjects. In conclusion, AT-2-inactivated HIV-1 virions stimulated both CD4 and CD8 HIV-1-specific responses and may provide an additional reagent for screening HIV-1-specific responses in HIV seropositives and vaccinees. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	aldrithiol 2; CD3 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; gamma interferon; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; inactivated virus vaccine; peptide; unclassified drug; adult; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; cytokine release; drug synthesis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lymphocyte proliferation; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; priority journal; T lymphocyte; T lymphocyte activation; Uganda; virus inactivation; virus isolation; 2,2'-Dipyridyl; AIDS Vaccines; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Disulfides; HIV-1; Humans; Interferon Type II; Oxidants; Virus Inactivation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908094529	Impact of second-line antiretroviral regimens on lipid profiles in an African setting: The DART trial sub-study	Gomo Z.A.R., Hakim J.G., Walker S.A., Tinago W., Mandozana G., Kityo C., Munderi P., Katabira E., Reid A., Gibb D.M., Gilks C.F., Grosskurth H., Kabuye G., Nsibambi D., Kasirye R., Zalwango E., Nakazibwe M., Kikaire B., Nassuna G., Massa R., Fadhiru K., N	2014	AIDS Research and Therapy	11	1	None	Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; MRC Programme on AIDS/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Infectious Disease Institute, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Independent DART Trial Monitors; DART Virology Group; Trial Steering Committee; Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Endpoint Review Committee	Gomo, Z.A.R., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hakim, J.G., Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, Trial Steering Committee; Walker, S.A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Tinago, W., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mandozana, G., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Kityo, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Munderi, P., MRC Programme on AIDS/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Katabira, E., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Disease Institute, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda, Endpoint Review Committee; Reid, A., Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gibb, D.M., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom, DART Virology Group; Gilks, C.F., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, DART Virology Group, Trial Steering Committee; Grosskurth, H., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kabuye, G., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nsibambi, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kasirye, R., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Zalwango, E., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakazibwe, M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kikaire, B., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nassuna, G., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Massa, R., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Fadhiru, K., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Namyalo, M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Zalwango, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Generous, L., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Khauka, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Rutikarayo, N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakahima, W., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Mugisha, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Todd, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Levin, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Muyingo, S., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Ruberantwari, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kaleebu, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Yirrell, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Ndembi, N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Lyagoba, F., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Hughes, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Aber, M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Lara, A.M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Medina, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Foster, S., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Amurwon, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Wakholi, B.N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nyanzi, B., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Wangati, K., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Amuron, B., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kajungu, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakiyingi, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Omony, W., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Fadhiru, K., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nsibambi, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Khauka, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Mugyenyi, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Ssali, F., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tumukunde, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Otim, T., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kabanda, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Musana, H., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Akao, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kyomugisha, H., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Byamukama, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Sabiiti, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Komugyena, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Wavamunno, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mukiibi, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Drasiku, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Byaruhanga, R., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Labeja, O., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Katundu, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tugume, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Awio, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Namazzi, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Bakeinyaga, G.T., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Abaine, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tukamushaba, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Anywar, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Ojiambo, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Angweng, E., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Murungi, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Haguma, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Atwiine, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kigozi, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Namale, L., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mukose, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mulindwa, G., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Atwiine, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Muhwezi, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Nimwesiga, E., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Barungi, G., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Takubwa, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Murungi, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mwebesa, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kagina, G., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mulindwa, M., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Ahimbisibwe, F., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mwesigwa, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Akuma, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Zawedde, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Nyiraguhirwa, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tumusiime, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Bagaya, L., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Namara, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kigozi, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Karungi, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kankunda, R., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Enzama, R., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Latif, A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Robertson, V., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chidziva, E., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bulaya-Tembo, R., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Musoro, G., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Taziwa, F., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chimbetete, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chakonza, L., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mawora, A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muvirimi, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Svovanapasis, P., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Simango, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chirema, O., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Machingura, J., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutsai, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Phiri, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bafana, T., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chirara, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muchabaiwa, L., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muzambi, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chigwedere, E., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Pascoe, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Warambwa, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Zengeza, E., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mapinge, F., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Makota, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Jamu, A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ngorima, N., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chirairo, H., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chitsungo, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chimanzi, J., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Maweni, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Warara, R., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Matongo, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudzingwa, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Jangano, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Moyo, K., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Vere, L., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Machingura, I., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ronald, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Kambungu, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Lutwama, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Mambule, I., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nanfuka, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Walusimbi, J., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nabankema, E., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nalumenya, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Namuli, T., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Kulume, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Namata, I., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nyachwo, L., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Florence, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Kusiima, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Lubwama, E., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nairuba, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Oketta, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Buluma, E., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Waita, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Ojiambo, H., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Sadik, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Wanyama, J., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nabongo, P., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Oyugi, J., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Sematala, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Muganzi, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Twijukye, C., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Byakwaga, H., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Ochai, R., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Muhweezi, D., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Coutinho, A., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Etukoit, B., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Boocock, K., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Puddephatt, C., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Grundy, C., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Bohannon, J., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Winogron, D., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Darbyshire, J., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Burke, A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Bray, D., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Babiker, A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Wilkes, H., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Rauchenberger, M., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Sheehan, S., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Spencer-Drake, C., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Taylor, K., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Spyer, M., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Ferrier, A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Naidoo, B., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Dunn, D., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Goodall, R., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Nanfuka, R., Independent DART Trial Monitors; Mufuka-Kapuya, C., Independent DART Trial Monitors; Kaleebu, P., DART Virology Group; Pillay, D., DART Virology Group; Awio, P., DART Virology Group; Chirara, M., DART Virology Group; Dunn, D., DART Virology Group; Goodall, R., DART Virology Group; Kapaata, A., DART Virology Group; Katuramur, M., DART Virology Group; Lyagoba, F., DART Virology Group; Magala, R., DART Virology Group; Magambo, B., DART Virology Group; Mataruka, K., DART Virology Group; McCormick, A., DART Virology Group; Mugarura, L., DART Virology Group; Musunga, T., DART Virology Group; Nabankkema, M., DART Virology Group; Nkalubo, J., DART Virology Group; Nkurunziza, P., DART Virology Group; Parry, C., DART Virology Group; Robertson, V., DART Virology Group; Spyer, M., DART Virology Group; Yirrell, D., DART Virology Group; Weller, I., Trial Steering Committee; Babiker, A., Trial Steering Committee; Bahendeka, S., Trial Steering Committee; Bassett, M., Trial Steering Committee; Chogo Wapakhabulo, A., Trial Steering Committee; Darbyshire, J., Trial Steering Committee; Gazzard, B., Trial Steering Committee; Grosskurth, H., Trial Steering Committee; Latif, A., Trial Steering Committee; Mapuchere, C., Trial Steering Committee; Mugurungi, O., Trial Steering Committee; Mugyenyi, P., Trial Steering Committee; Burke, C., Trial Steering Committee; Distel, M., Trial Steering Committee; Jones, S., Trial Steering Committee; Loeliger, E., Trial Steering Committee; Naidoo, P., Trial Steering Committee; Newland, C., Trial Steering Committee; Pearce, G., Trial Steering Committee; Rahim, S., Trial Steering Committee; Rooney, J., Trial Steering Committee; Smith, M., Trial Steering Committee; Snowden, W., Trial Steering Committee; Steens, J.-M., Trial Steering Committee; Breckenridge, A., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; McLaren, A., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Hill, C., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Matenga, J., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Pozniak, A., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Serwadda, D., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Peto, T., Endpoint Review Committee; Palfreeman, A., Endpoint Review Committee; Borok, M., Endpoint Review Committee	Background: Increasing numbers of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa are exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but there are few data on lipid changes on first-line ART, and even fewer on second-line.Methods: DART was a randomized trial comparing monitoring strategies in Ugandan/Zimbabwean adults initiating first-line ART and switching to second-line at clinical/immunological failure. We evaluated fasting lipid profiles at second-line initiation and ≥48 weeks subsequently in stored samples from Zimbabwean patients switching before 18 September 2006.Results: Of 91 patients switched to second-line ART, 65(73%) had fasting samples at switch and ≥48 weeks, 14(15%) died or were lost <48 weeks, 10(11%) interrupted ART for >14 days and 2(2%) had no samples available. 56/65(86%) received ZDV/d4T + 3TC + TDF first-line, 6(9%) ZDV/d4T + 3TC + NVP and 3(5%) ZDV + 3TC with TDF and NVP. Initial second-line regimens were LPV/r + NNRTI in 27(41%), LPV/r + NNRTI + ddI in 33(50%) and LPV/r + TDF + ddI/3TC/ZDV in 6(9%). At second-line initiation median (IQR) TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG (mmol/L) were 3.3(2.8-4.0), 1.7(1.3-2.2), 0.7(0.6-0.9) and 1.1(0.8-1.9) respectively. Levels were significantly increased 48 weeks later, by mean (SE) +2.0(0.1), +1.1(0.1), +0.5(0.05) and +0.4(0.2) respectively (p < 0.001; TG p = 0.01). 3% at switch vs 25% 48 weeks later had TC >5.2 mmol/L; 3% vs 25% LDL-C >3.4 mmol/L and 91% vs 41% HDL-C <1.1 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Similar proportions had TG >1.8 mmol/L (0 vs 3%) and TC/HDL-C ≥5 (40% vs 33%) (p > 0.15).Conclusion: Modest lipid elevations were observed in African patients on predominantly LPV/r + NNRTI-based second-line regimens. Routine lipid monitoring during second-line ART regimens may not be warranted in this setting but individual cardiovascular risk assessment should guide practice. © 2014 Gomo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	African setting; Antiretroviral therapy; Lipid profile changes; Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Protease inhibitors	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; didanosine; efavirenz; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; nevirapine; nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; stavudine; tenofovir; triacylglycerol; zidovudine; adult; antiviral therapy; Article; blood sampling; cholesterol blood level; combination chemotherapy; diet restriction; drug eruption; drug substitution; drug withdrawal; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; middle aged; triacylglycerol blood level; Ugandan; Zimbabwean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880124415	Impact of tuberculosis on mortality among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: A prospective cohort analysis	Chu R., Mills E.J., Beyene J., Pullenayegum E., Bakanda C., Nachega J.B., Devereaux P.J., Thabane L.	2013	AIDS Research and Therapy	10	1	10.1186/1742-6405-10-19	Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 3rd Floor Martha, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada	Chu, R., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 3rd Floor Martha, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Mills, E.J., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Beyene, J., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Pullenayegum, E., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 3rd Floor Martha, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Bakanda, C., AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda; Nachega, J.B., Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Devereaux, P.J., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Thabane, L., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 3rd Floor Martha, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease affects survival among HIV co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Yet, the magnitude of TB disease on mortality is poorly understood.Methods: Using a prospective cohort of 22,477 adult patients who initiated ART between August 2000 and June 2009 in Uganda, we assessed the effect of active pulmonary TB disease at the initiation of ART on all-cause mortality using a Cox proportional hazards model. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to control for potential confounding. Stratification and covariate adjustment for PS and not PS-based multivariable Cox models were also performed.Results: A total of 1,609 (7.52%) patients had active pulmonary TB at the start of ART. TB patients had higher proportions of being male, suffering from AIDS-defining illnesses, having World Health Organization (WHO) disease stage III or IV, and having lower CD4 cell counts at baseline (p < 0.001). The percentages of death during follow-up were 10.47% and 6.38% for patients with and without TB, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality comparing TB to non-TB patients using 1,686 PS-matched pairs was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08 - 1.75), less marked than the crude estimate (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.49 - 2.04). The other PS-based methods and not PS-based multivariable Cox model produced similar results.Conclusions: After controlling for important confounding variables, HIV patients who had TB at the initiation of ART in Uganda had an approximate 37% increased hazard of overall mortality relative to non-TB patients. © 2013 Chu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Propensity score methods; Prospective cohort study; Tuberculosis; Uganda	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adolescent; adult; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical trial; cohort analysis; female; hazard ratio; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; propensity score; proportional hazards model; prospective study; tuberculosis; Uganda; world health organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938934617	Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on hematological indices among HIV-1 infected children at Kenyatta National Hospital-Kenya: Retrospective study	Kibaru E.G., Nduati R., Wamalwa D., Kariuki N.	2015	AIDS Research and Therapy	12	1	10.1186/s12981-015-0069-4	Egerton University, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya; University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; University of London, Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, London, United Kingdom; P.O. Box 2275-20100, Nakuru, Kenya	Kibaru, E.G., Egerton University, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya, P.O. Box 2275-20100, Nakuru, Kenya; Nduati, R., University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Wamalwa, D., University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Kariuki, N., University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya, University of London, Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, London, United Kingdom	Background: HIV infected children experience a range of hematological complications which show marked improvement within 6 months of initiating anti-retroviral therapy. The Objectives of the study was to describe the changes in hematological indices of HIV-1 infected children following 6 months of treatment with first line antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) regimen. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between September and November 2008. During this period medical records of children attending Comprehensive Care Clinic at Kenyatta National hospital were reviewed daily. HIV infected children aged 5-144 months were enrolled if they had received antiretroviral drugs for at least 6 months with available and complete laboratory results. Results: Medical records of 337 children meeting enrollment criteria were included in the study. The median age was 63 months with equal male to female ratio. Following 6 months of HAART, prevalence of anemia (Hemoglobin (Hb) <10 g/dl) declined significantly from 35.9 to 16.6 % a nearly 50 % reduction in the risk of anemia RR = 0.56 [(95 % CI 0.44, 0.70) p < 0.001]. There was significant increase in Hb, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and platelets above the baseline measurements (p < 0.0001) and a significant decline in total white blood cell counts >11,000 cell/mm3 but a none significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC). Pre-HAART, World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 and 4 was associated with a ten-fold increased likelihood of anemia. Chronic malnutrition was associated with anemia but not wasting and immunologic staging of disease. Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities changed significantly within 6 months of antiretroviral therapy with significant increase in hemoglobin level, MCV, MCH and platelet and decrease in WBC and RBC. © 2015 Kibaru et al.	Changes of hematological parameters; Hematological abnormalities; Paediatric HIV infection	abacavir; antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; dapsone; efavirenz; hemoglobin; iron; lamivudine plus zidovudine; nevirapine; stavudine; zidovudine; anemia; Article; child; cohort analysis; disease classification; drug choice; drug safety; erythrocyte count; female; hematologic disease; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; infant; Kenya; laboratory test; leukocyte count; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; medical record review; patient monitoring; priority journal; retrospective study; risk reduction; sex ratio; thrombocyte count; treatment duration; wasting syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58249104035	Relationship between Total Lymphocyte count (TLC) and CD4 count among peoples living with HIV, Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective evaluation	Daka D., Loha E.	2008	AIDS Research and Therapy	5	None	10.1186/1742-6405-5-26	Faculty of Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Faculty of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Daka, D., Faculty of Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Loha, E., Faculty of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Background: CD4 count is a standard measure of immunodeficiency in adults infected with HIV to initiate and monitor highly active antiretroviral therapy; however, it may not be feasible in resource poor countries. There is a need to have another marker of immunodeficiency that is less resource demanding. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between total lymphocyte count and CD4 count in one of the resource poor countries, Ethiopia. Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation. A total of 2019 cases with total lymphocyte and CD4 counts from three hospitals (Yirgalem, Hossana and Arba-Minch) were included in the study. Pearson correlation, linear regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were used. Result: For adults, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of TLC &lt; 1200 cells/mm3 to predict CD4 count &lt; 200 cells/mm3 were 41%, 83.5%, 87.9% and 32.5%, respectively. For subjects aged less than 18 years, these values were 20.2%, 87%, 82% and 27.1%, respectively. A TLC ≤ 1780 cells/mm3 was found to have maximal sensitivity (61%) and specificity (62%) for predicting a CD4 cell count of &lt; 200 cells/mm3. Meanwhile, a TLC ≤ 1885 cells/mm3 would identify only 59% of patients with CD4 count of &lt; 350 cells/mm3 (sensitivity, 59%; and specificity, 61%). The combined sensitivity and specificity for patients above 40 years of age was greater. Conclusion: Our data revealed low sensitivity and specificity of TLC as a surrogate measure for CD4 count. © 2008 Daka and Loha; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; correlation coefficient; correlational study; cytology; Ethiopia; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; linear regression analysis; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; male; prediction; priority journal; receiver operating characteristic; reference value; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78951474477	The impact of the National HIV Health Care Worker Hotline on patient care in South Africa	Chisholm B.S., Cohen K., Blockman M., Kinkel H.-F., Kredo T.J., Swart A.M.	2011	AIDS Research and Therapy	8	None	10.1186/1742-6405-8-4	Medicines Information Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; HIV and TB Medicine Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Cochrane Centre, MRC, Cape Town, South Africa	Chisholm, B.S., Medicines Information Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cohen, K., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Blockman, M., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kinkel, H.-F., HIV and TB Medicine Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa; Kredo, T.J., South African Cochrane Centre, MRC, Cape Town, South Africa; Swart, A.M., Medicines Information Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: South Africa has a huge burden of illness due to HIV infection. Many health care workers managing HIV infected patients, particularly those in rural areas and primary care health facilities, have minimal access to information resources and to advice and support from experienced clinicians. The Medicines Information Centre, based in the Division of Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Cape Town, has been running the National HIV Health Care Worker (HCW) Hotline since 2008, providing free information for HIV treatment-related queries via telephone, fax and e-mail.Results: A questionnaire-based study showed that 224 (44%) of the 511 calls that were received by the hotline during the 2-month study period were patient-specific. Ninety-four completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Of these, 72 (77%) were from doctors, 13 (14%) from pharmacists and 9 (10%) from nurses. 96% of the callers surveyed took an action based on the advice received from the National HIV HCW Hotline. The majority of actions concerned the start, dose adaption, change, or discontinuation of medicines. Less frequent actions taken were adherence and lifestyle counselling, further investigations, referring or admission of patients.Conclusions: The information provided by the National HIV HCW Hotline on patient-specific requests has a direct impact on the management of patients. © 2011 Chisholm et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; e-mail; fax; hospital admission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lifestyle modification; medical information; nurse; patient care; patient referral; pharmacist; physician; priority journal; questionnaire; South Africa; teleconsultation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927650074	The impact of HIV/AIDS on compliance with antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder: A prospective study in a South African private healthcare cohort	Slabbert F.N., Harvey B.H., Brink C.B., Lubbe M.S.	2015	AIDS Research and Therapy	12	1	10.1186/s12981-015-0050-2	North-West University, Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), Potchefstroom, South Africa; North-West University, Division of Pharmacology, Potchefstroom, South Africa; North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Slabbert, F.N., North-West University, Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), Potchefstroom, South Africa; Harvey, B.H., North-West University, Division of Pharmacology, Potchefstroom, South Africa, North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Brink, C.B., North-West University, Division of Pharmacology, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Lubbe, M.S., North-West University, Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), Potchefstroom, South Africa	Background: MDD and HIV/AIDS have a high prevalence worldwide with severe consequences for patients. In both conditions, compliance with treatment is key to successfully treat these disorders. In the current study, we examine the effect of MDD on the compliance with ADs in patients diagnosed with co-morbid HIV/AIDS and how different classes of ADs influence compliance in this group of patients. Methods: A prospective, cohort study design was used to analyse nationally representative medicine claims data submitted to a privately-owned South African Pharmaceutical Benefit Management (PBM) company. Two groups were distinguished in the database, namely patients with only MDD and patients with both MDD and HIV/AIDS, over a six-year study period. The study population was determined by the following inclusion criteria: patients older than 18 years, MDD should be diagnosed by a psychiatrist supported by an appropriate ICD-10 code, and all patients have to be on combination antiretroviral treatment (cARV) treatment. The medicine possession ratio (MPR) was used as proxy to determine patient compliance with AD medication. Results: 127 patients (i.e. 0.24%) met the criteria of co-morbid MDD and HIV/AIDS. Females have a significantly higher prevalence of MDD and HIV/AIDS when compared to males. Patients diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and MDD (74.43. ± 32.03, 95% Cl: 71.51-77.34) have a statistical significantly (p < 0.0001) lower compliance with AD treatment vs. MDD patients (80.94% ± 29.44, 95% Cl: 80.56-81.33), but the practical significance thereof, is low (Cohen's d = 0.2255). In this group only 26.83% of TCA had acceptable compliance compared to the 58.57% of SNRIs. Noteworthy observations were that 75% (p < 0.0217; Cramer's V = 0.0388) of venlafaxine and 28.6% (p < 0.0197; Cramer's V = -0.0705) of the paroxetine items were compliant in patients diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and MDD. Conclusions: AD compliance is statistical significantly lower in depressed HIV/AIDS vs. depressed non-HIV/AIDS patients. However, these differences is of low practical or clinical significance, meaning that depressed HIV/AIDS patients would have missed approximately two AD doses (6.5% of a 30-day treatment period) more than the non-HIV/AIDS depressed patient over the same treatment period. © Slabbert et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Antidepressants; Compliance; HIV/AIDS; Major depressive disorder; Venlafaxine	amfebutamone; amitriptyline; antidepressant agent; antiretrovirus agent; citalopram; escitalopram; fluoxetine; mirtazapine; paroxetine; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; trazodone; venlafaxine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; antiviral therapy; Article; comorbidity; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; ICD-10; major clinical study; major depression; male; medication compliance; middle aged; organization and management; population research; prevalence; priority journal; prospective study; sex difference; South African; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954569604	The impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on the clinical features of HIV - related oral lesions in Nigeria	Taiwo O.O., Hassan Z.	2010	AIDS Research and Therapy	7	None	10.1186/1742-6405-7-19	Regional Centre for Oral Health Research and Training Initiatives (RCORTI) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria; AIDS Prevention Initiatives for Nigeria (APIN) Project, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria	Taiwo, O.O., Regional Centre for Oral Health Research and Training Initiatives (RCORTI) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria; Hassan, Z., AIDS Prevention Initiatives for Nigeria (APIN) Project, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria	Background: This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on the clinical presentations of HIV related oral lesions (HIV-ROLs) in an adult Nigerian population.Methods: A 5 month prospective study on HAART naïve HIV positive adults recruited into the HAART program of an AIDS referral centre. HIV-ROLs were diagnosed clinically by the EEC Clearinghouse on oral problems related to HIV infection. Baseline clinical features of HIV-ROLs was documented by clinical photographs using SONY®5.2 M Cybershot digital camera. Post HAART monthly review was conducted using clinical photographs.Results: A total of 142 patients were seen. Age range was 19 - 75 years. Mean age was 35.6 ± 10.5 (SD). Eighty (56.3%) were females. Prevalence of HIV-ROLs was 43.7%. Oral candidiasis (22.4%) was the most prevalent HIV-ROL. 114 (83.2%) patients had clinical AIDS at presentation (CDC 1993). 89.4% were placed on Tenofovir/Emtricitabine +`Nevirapine, 9.9% on Tenofovir/Emtricitabine + Efavirenz. There was strong decline in the clinical features of oral candidiasis from a month of commencing HAART. Oral hairy leukoplakia was slow in responding to HAART. Parotid gland enlargement, melanotic hyperpigmentation and Kaposi's sarcoma were more persistent and had slower response to HAART. There was no clinical change noticed in linear gingival erythema.Conclusion: HAART has different clinical effects on HIV related oral lesions depending on the size, duration of treatment and etiology of the lesions. HIV-ROLs of fungal origin have the fastest response to HAART. These lesions alongside immunologic parameters can be used as indicators of success or failure of antiretroviral therapy. © 2010 Taiwo and Hassan; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	efavirenz; emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil; nevirapine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; age distribution; aged; article; camera; cheilitis; clinical feature; controlled study; digital imaging; disease association; erythema; female; gingiva disease; hairy leukoplakia; herpes simplex; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; hyperpigmentation; Kaposi sarcoma; major clinical study; male; mouth lesion; mouth ulcer; Nigeria; parotid enlargement; photography; population research; prevalence; priority journal; prospective study; sex difference; thrush; xerostomia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873831726	Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy impacts artesunate and dihydroartemisinin disposition in HIV-infected Nigerian adults	Fehintola F.A., Scarsi K.K., Ma Q., Parikh S., Morse G.D., Taiwo B., Akinola I.T., Adewole I.F., Lindegardh N., Phakderaj A., Ojengbede O., Murphy R.L., Akinyinka O.O., Aweeka F.T.	2012	AIDS Research and Treatment	2012	None	10.1155/2012/703604	Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, United States; Department o	Fehintola, F.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Scarsi, K.K., Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, United States; Ma, Q., Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States; Parikh, S., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; Morse, G.D., Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States; Taiwo, B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, United States; Akinola, I.T., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adewole, I.F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lindegardh, N., Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Phakderaj, A., Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Ojengbede, O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Murphy, R.L., Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, United States; Akinyinka, O.O., Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aweeka, F.T., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States	Background. Nevirapine- (NVP-) based antiretroviral therapy (ART) and artesunate-amodiaquine are frequently coprescribed in areas of HIV and malaria endemicity. We explored the impact of this practice on artesunate and dihydroartemisinin pharmacokinetics. Methods. We conducted a parallel-group pharmacokinetic comparison between HIV-infected patients receiving NVP-based ART (n=10) and ART-naive controls (n=11). Artesunate-amodiaquine 200/600 mg was given daily for three days. Measurement of drug concentrations occurred between 0 and 96 hours after the final dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis. Results. Comparing the NVP group to controls, clearance of artesunate was reduced 50% (1950 versus 2995 L/h; P=0.03), resulting in a 45% increase in the AUC(105 versus 69 ug hr/L; P=0.02). The half-life of dihydroartemisinin was shorter in the NVP group (1.6 versuss 3.2 h; P=0.004), but other dihydroartemisinin pharmacokinetic parameters were unchanged. A lower conversion of artesunate to dihydroartemisinin was observed in the NVP group (dihydroartemisinin: artesunate AUC=5.6 versuss 8.5 in NVP and control groups, respectively, P=0.008). Conclusion. Although NVP-containing ART impacted some pharmacokinetic parameters of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin, overall exposure was similar or better in the NVP group. © 2012 Fatai A. Fehintola et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912074752	Evaluation of the effectiveness of peer education in improving HIV knowledge, attitude, and sexual behaviours among in-school adolescents in osun state, Nigeria	Adeomi A.A., Adeoye O.A., Asekun-Olarinmoye E.O., Abodunrin O.L., Olugbenga-Bello A.I., Sabageh A.O.	2014	AIDS Research and Treatment	2014	None	10.1155/2014/131756	Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine,	Adeomi, A.A., Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoye, O.A., Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Asekun-Olarinmoye, E.O., Department of Community Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Abodunrin, O.L., Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olugbenga-Bello, A.I., Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Sabageh, A.O., Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Introduction. Young people are at the centre of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education in improving HIV knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices among in-school adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria.Methods. This was an intervention study that was carried out among in-school adolescents attending mixed secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. The study was in three stages: before intervention, intervention, and after intervention. The impact of peer education was evaluated twelve weeks after intervention. Data were collected using pretested semistructured questionnaires and data analysis was done with SPSS version 16.Results. At the preintervention stage, the study and control groups were similar in their sociodemographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices, including high risk behaviours for HIV/AIDS transmission. After the peer education intervention, those with good knowledge and positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS increased significantly from 50.0% to 86.7% and from 49.0% to 85.6%, respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusion. The study showed that peer education is effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and some preventive practices towards HIV/AIDS among in-school adolescents. Educational programmes about HIV/AIDS should therefore be designed to target this age group putting into consideration their unique characteristics. © 2014 Adeleye Abiodun Adeomi et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872354866	Towards elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: The impact of a rapid results initiative in nyanza province, Kenya	Dillabaugh L.L., Lewis Kulzer J., Owuor K., Ndege V., Oyanga A., Ngugi E., Shade S.B., Bukusi E., Cohen C.R.	2012	AIDS Research and Treatment	2012	None	10.1155/2012/602120	Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Dillabaugh, L.L., Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Lewis Kulzer, J., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Owuor, K., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Ndege, V., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Oyanga, A., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Ngugi, E., U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya; Shade, S.B., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Bukusi, E., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Cohen, C.R., Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES), Research, Care and Training Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Many HIV-positive pregnant women and infants are still not receiving optimal services, preventing the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and improving maternal child health overall. A Rapid Results Initiative (RRI) approach was utilized to address key challenges in delivery of prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) services including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) uptake for women and infants. The RRI was conducted between April and June 2011 at 119 health facilities in five districts in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Aggregated site-level data were compared at baseline before the RRI (Oct 2010-Jan 2011), during the RRI, and post-RRI (Jul-Sep 2011) using pre-post cohort analysis. HAART uptake amongst all HIV-positive pregnant women increased by 40% (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7) and continued to improve post-RRI (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8). HAART uptake in HIV-positive infants remained stable (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.4) during the RRI and improved by 30% (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6) post-RRI. Significant improvement in PMTCT services can be achieved through introduction of an RRI, which appears to lead to sustained benefits for pregnant HIV-infected women and their infants. © 2012 Lisa L. Dillabaugh et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875411304	Performance of clinical criteria for screening of possible antiretroviral related mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-infected children in Accra	Langs-Barlow A., Renner L., Katz K., Northrup V., Paintsil E.	2013	AIDS Research and Treatment	2013	None	10.1155/2013/249171	Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box kb77, Accra, Ghana; Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States	Langs-Barlow, A., Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Renner, L., Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box kb77, Accra, Ghana; Katz, K., Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Northrup, V., Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Paintsil, E., Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States, Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States	Mitochondrial damage is implicated in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) toxicity. HIV infection also causes mitochondrial toxicity (MT). Differentiating between the two is critical for HIV management. Our objective was to test the utility of the Mitochondrial Disease Criteria (MDC) and the Enquête Périnatale Française (EPF) to screen for possible HAART related MT in HIV-infected children in Ghana. The EPF and MDC are compilations of clinical symptoms, or criteria, of MT: a (+) score indicates possible MT. We applied these criteria retrospectively to 403 charts of HIV-infected children. Of those studied, 331/403 received HAART. Comparing HAART exposed and HAART naïve children, the difference in EPF score, but not MDC, approached significance (P=0.1). Young age at HIV diagnosis or at HAART initiation was associated with (+) EPF (P≤0.01). Adherence to HAART trended toward an association with (+) EPF (P=0.09). Exposure to nevirapine, abacavir, or didanosine increased risk of (+) EPF (OR = 3.55 (CI = 1.99-6.33), 4.76 (2.39-9.43), 4.93 (1.29-18.87)). Neither EPF nor MDC identified a significant difference between HAART exposed or naïve children regarding possible MT. However, as indicators of HAART exposure are associated with (+) EPF, it may be a candidate for prospective study of possible HAART related MT in resource-poor settings. © 2013 Allison Langs-Barlow et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873871420	Short-term rationing of combination antiretroviral therapy: Impact on morbidity, mortality, and loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment program in Western Kenya	Bell A.J., Wools-Kaloustian K., Kimaiyo S., Liu H., Katschke A., Shen C., Simiyu G., Musick B.S., Sidle J.E., Siika A., Braitstein P.	2012	AIDS Research and Treatment	2012	None	10.1155/2012/814564	Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Regenstrief Institute Incorporated, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG 5, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada	Bell, A.J., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Wools-Kaloustian, K., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Kimaiyo, S., USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Liu, H., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Katschke, A., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Shen, C., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Simiyu, G., USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Musick, B.S., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Sidle, J.E., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States, USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Siika, A., USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Braitstein, P., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States, USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Regenstrief Institute Incorporated, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG 5, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada	Background. There was a 6-month shortage of antiretrovirals (cART) in Kenya. Methods. We assessed morbidity, mortality, and loss to follow-up (LTFU) in this retrospective analysis of adults who were enrolled during the six-month period with restricted cART (cap) or the six months prior (pre-cap) and eligible for cART at enrollment by the pre-cap standard. Cox models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Results. 9009 adults were eligible for analysis: 4,714 pre-cap and 4,295 during the cap. Median number of days from enrollment to cART initiation was 42 pre-cap and 56 for the cap (P < 0.001). After adjustment, individuals in the cap were at higher risk of mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.06-1.39) and LTFU (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22). There was no difference between the groups in their risk of developing a new AIDS-defining illness (HR = 0.92 95% CI 0.82-1.03). Conclusions. Rationing of cART, even for a relatively short period of six months, led to clinically adverse outcomes. © 2012 April J. Bell et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874635355	The impact of ART on the economic outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS	Nannungi A., Wagner G., Ghosh-Dastidar B.	2013	AIDS Research and Treatment	2013	None	10.1155/2013/362972	Infectious Diseases Institute Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, United States	Nannungi, A., Infectious Diseases Institute Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Wagner, G., Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, United States; Ghosh-Dastidar, B., Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, United States	Background. Clinical benefits of ART are well documented, but less is known about its effects on economic outcomes such as work status and income in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. Data were examined from 482 adult clients entering HIV care (257 starting ART; 225 not yet eligible for ART) in Kampala, Uganda. Self-reported data on work status and income were assessed at baseline, months 6 and 12. Multivariate analysis examined the effects of ART over time, controlling for change in physical health functioning and baseline covariates. Results. Fewer ART patients worked at baseline compared to non-ART patients (25.5% versus 34.2%); 48.8% of those not working at baseline were now working at month 6, and 50% at month 12, with similar improvement in both the ART and non-ART groups. However, multivariate analysis revealed that the ART group experienced greater improvement over time. Average weekly income did not differ between the groups at baseline nor change significantly over time, among those who were working; being male gender and having any secondary education were predictive of higher income. Conclusions. ART was associated with greater improvement in work status, even after controlling for change in physical health functioning, suggesting other factors associated with ART may influence work. © 2013 Annet Nannungi et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868298059	Evaluation of WHO criteria for viral failure in patients on antiretroviral treatment in resource-limited settings	Castelnuovo B., Sempa J., Agnes K.N., Kamya M.R., Manabe Y.C.	2011	AIDS Research and Treatment	2011	None	10.1155/2011/736938	Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	Castelnuovo, B., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda; Sempa, J., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda; Agnes, K.N., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda; Kamya, M.R., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Manabe, Y.C., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	Our objective was to evaluate outcomes in patients with sustained viral suppression compared to those with episodes of viremia. Methods. In a prospective cohort of patients started on ART in Uganda and followed for 48 months, patients were categorized according to viral load (VL): (1) sustained-suppression: (VL ≤1,000 copies/mL) (2) VL 1,001-10,000, or (3) VL >10,000. Results. Fifty-Three (11.2%) and 84 (17.8%) patients had a first episode of intermediate and high viremia, respectively. Patients with sustained suppression had better CD4+ T cell count increases over time compared to viremic patients (P <.001). The majority of patients with viremia achieved viral suppression when the measurement was repeated. Only 39.6% of patients with intermediate and 19.1% with high viremia eventually needed to be switched to second line (P =.008). Conclusions. The use of at least one repeat measurement rather than a single VL measurement could avert from 60% to 80% of unnecessary switches. © 2011 Barbara Castelnuovo et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938153218	Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV in Rwandan Adults: Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Reproductive Health up to 24 Months	Asiimwe-Kateera B., Veldhuijzen N., Balinda J.P., Rusine J., Eagle S., Vyankandondera J., Mugabekazi J., Ondoa P., Boer K., Asiimwe A., Lange J., Reiss P., Van De Wijgert J.	2015	AIDS Research and Treatment	2015	None	10.1155/2015/740212	INTERACT Program, Kigali, Rwanda; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Treatment and Research for AIDS Center, Kigali, Rwanda; National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Kigali University, Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda; Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Ministry of Health of Rwanda, Rwanda	Asiimwe-Kateera, B., INTERACT Program, Kigali, Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Veldhuijzen, N., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Balinda, J.P., Treatment and Research for AIDS Center, Kigali, Rwanda; Rusine, J., National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda; Eagle, S., Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Vyankandondera, J., Kigali University, Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda; Mugabekazi, J., Kigali University, Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Ondoa, P., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Boer, K., INTERACT Program, Kigali, Rwanda, Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Asiimwe, A., Ministry of Health of Rwanda, Rwanda; Lange, J., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Reiss, P., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Van De Wijgert, J., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda	Adult women (n=113) and men (n=100) initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and women not yet eligible for cART (n=199) in Kigali, Rwanda, were followed for 6-24 months between 2007 and 2010. In the cART groups, 21% of patients required a drug change due to side effects and 11% of patients had virological failure (defined as >1,000 HIV RNA copies/mL) after 12 months of cART. About a third of the pregnancies since HIV diagnosis were unintended. The proportion of women in the pre-cART group using modern contraception other than condoms (50%) was similar to women in the general population, but this proportion was only 25% in women initiating cART. Of the women who carried at least one pregnancy to term since having been diagnosed HIV-positive, a third reported to have participated in a prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT, option A) intervention. Many patients were coinfected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (79-92%), human papillomavirus (38-53%), and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with no differences between groups. We applaud the Rwandan government for having strengthened family planning and PMTCT services and for having introduced HPV vaccination in recent years, but additional work is needed to strengthen STI and HPV-related cancer screening and management in the HIV-positive population. © 2015 Brenda Asiimwe-Kateera et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873828442	The impact of herbal drug use on adverse drug reaction profiles of patients on antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe	Mudzviti T., Maponga C.C., Khoza S., Ma Q., Morse G.D.	2012	AIDS Research and Treatment	2012	None	10.1155/2012/434171	School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mudzviti, T., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Maponga, C.C., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States; Khoza, S., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ma, Q., School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States; Morse, G.D., School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States	Background. The main objective was to determine the impact of herbal drug use on adverse drug reactions in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methodology. Patients receiving first-line ART from the national roll-out program participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were interviewed and a data collection sheet was used to collect information from the corresponding medical record. Results. The majority (98.2%) of participants were using at least one herbal drug together with ART. The most common herbal remedies used were Allium Sativum (72.7%), Bidens pilosa (66.0%), Eucalyptus globulus (52.3%), Moringa oleifera (44.1%), Lippia javanica (36.3%), and Peltoforum africanum (34.3%). Two indigenous herbs, Musakavakadzi (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.076-0.828) and Peltoforum africanum (OR = 0.495; 95% CI 0.292-0.839) reduced the occurrence of adverse drug events. Conclusions. The use of herbal drugs is high in the HIV-infected population and there is need for pharmacovigilance programs to recognize the role they play in altering ADR profiles. © 2012 Tinashe Mudzviti et al.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000328688700002	The impact of church contextual factors on church-going youth's HIV prevention behaviour in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-denominational study	Miller, Ann Neville,Ngula, Kyalo Wa	2013	AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH	12	3	10.2989/16085906.2013.863213	Florida State University System, University of Central Florida, Africa Nazarene Univ	"Miller, Ann Neville: Florida State University System","Miller, Ann Neville: University of Central Florida",	Church doctrine about sexual behaviour has long been assumed to have an impact on aspects of the sub-Saharan AIDS epidemic, and evidence suggests that Pentecostal churches have a stronger influence THAN? on the sexual behaviour of their adherents. However, few studies have investigated the denominational differences in sexual attitudes and behaviour of youths, and virtually no empirical evidence is available regarding what specific aspects of the church environment are associated with differences in the response of youths to church messaging about sexual behaviour. This study examined those factors among church-going youth in Nairobi, Kenya. Separate focus groups with male and female youths were conducted in four mainline and three Pentecostal/evangelical (P/E) churches, and in-depth interviews were conducted with youth pastors or pastors of five of those churches. Content of church teaching as reported by youths and pastors did not differ between denominations. However, amount and context of teaching did vary, with P/E churches reportedly offering more teaching about sex to their youth. In addition, P/E churches appeared to provide a more intense experience of community than mainline churches, a situation that may create a context within which abstinence appears to be a reasonable life choice.	churches,Pentecostals,"youth HIV prevention",AIDS-PREVENTION,CAMPAIGN,COMMUNICATION,EXPOSURE,HIV/AIDS,MOZAMBIQUE,RELIGION,STUDENTS,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",TALK	None	None
WoS	WOS:000269490000010	The Impact of Agricultural Extension and Roads on Poverty and Consumption Growth in Fifteen Ethiopian Villages	Dercon, Stefan,Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hoddinott, John,Woldehanna, Tassew	2009	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS	91	4	10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01325.x	Addis Ababa University, International Food Policy Research Institute, University of Oxford	"Dercon, Stefan: University of Oxford","Hoddinott, John: International Food Policy Research Institute","Woldehanna, Tassew: Addis Ababa University"	This article investigates whether public investments that led to improvements in road quality and increased access to agricultural extension services led to faster consumption growth and lower rates of poverty in rural Ethiopia. Estimating an Instrumental Variables model using Generalized Methods of Moments and controlling for household fixed effects, we find evidence of positive impacts with meaningful magnitudes. Receiving at least one extension visit reduces headcount poverty by 9.8 percentage points and increases consumption growth by 7.1 percentage points. Access to all-weather roads reduces poverty by 6.9 percentage points and increases consumption growth by 16.3 percentage points. These results are robust to changes in model specification and estimation methods.	ETHIOPIA,EXTENSION,GROWTH,POVERTY,ROADS,PROGRAMS,"RURAL ETHIOPIA",SHOCKS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000327280400014	Evaluation of an External Quality Assessment Program for HIV Testing in Haiti, 2006-2011	Anselme, Renette,Balajee, S. Arunmozhi,Boncy, Jacques,Buteau, Josiane,Dahourou, Georges,Louis, Frantz Jean,Marston, Barbara,Ndongmo, Clement,Vertefeuille, John	2013	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY	140	6	10.1309/AJCPYWX49IZSQKFS	Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	None	Objectives: To evaluate an external quality assessment (EQA) program for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid diagnostics testing by the Haitian National Public Health Laboratory (French acronym: LNSP). Acceptable performance was defined as any proficiency testing (PT) score more than 80%. Methods: The PT database was reviewed and analyzed to assess the testing performance of the participating laboratories and the impact of the program over time. A total of 242 laboratories participated in the EQA program from 2006 through 2011; participation increased from 70 laboratories in 2006 to 159 in 2011. Results: In 2006, 49 (70%) laboratories had a PT score of 80% or above; by 2011, 145 (97.5%) laboratories were proficient (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: The EQA program for HIV testing ensures quality of testing and allowed the LNSP to document improvements in the quality of HIV rapid testing over time. (C) American Society for Clinical Pathology	"EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT","HIV rapid tests","PROFICIENCY TESTING",DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,PROFICIENCY,SETTINGS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886414457	Strengthening Evaluation for Development	Ofir Z.	2013	American Journal of Evaluation	34	4	10.1177/1098214013497531	Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Ofir, Z., Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Although some argue that distinctions between "evaluation" and "development evaluation" are increasingly superfluous, it is important to recognize that some distinctions still matter. The severe vulnerabilities and power asymmetries inherent in most developing country systems and societies make the task of evaluation specialists in these contexts both highly challenging and highly responsible. It calls for specialists from diverse fields, in particular those in developing countries, to be equipped and active, and visible where evaluation is done and shaped. These specialists need to work in a concerted fashion on evaluation priorities that enable a critical scrutiny of current and emerging development frameworks and models (from global to local level), and their implications for evaluation-and vice versa. The agenda would include studying the paradigms and values underlying development interventions; working with complex adaptive systems; interrogating new private sector linked development financing modalities; and opening up to other scientific disciplines' notions of what constitutes "rigor" and "credible evidence." It would also promote a shift focus from a feverish enthrallment with "measuring impact" to how to better manage for sustained impact. The explosion in the development profession over the last decade also opens up the potential for non-Western wisdom and traditions, including indigenous knowledge systems, to help shape novel development as well as evaluation frameworks in support of local contexts. For all these efforts, intellectual and financial resources have to be mobilized across disciplinary, paradigm, sector and geographic boundaries. This demands powerful thought leadership in evaluation-a challenge in particular for the global South and East. © The Author(s) 2013.	developing countries; development evaluation; evaluation priorities; thought leadership	None	None
WoS	WOS:000331390500014	Monitoring and Evaluation of African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD): An Exemplar of Managing for Impact in Development Evaluation	Brandon, Paul R.,Noordeloos, Marco,Ofir, Zenda,Smith, Nick L.	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION	35	1	10.1177/1098214013509876	Stellenbosch University, Syracuse University, University of Hawaii Manoa, University of Hawaii System, African Women Agr Res & Dev	"Brandon, Paul R.: University of Hawaii Manoa","Brandon, Paul R.: University of Hawaii System","Ofir, Zenda: Stellenbosch University","Smith, Nick L.: Syracuse University",	None	Africa,"development evaluation","monitoring and evaluation","theory of change","WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903590703	Impact of a patient incentive program on receipt of preventive care	Mehrotra A., An R., Patel D.N., Sturm R.	2014	American Journal of Managed Care	20	6	None	RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, United States; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Discovery Health Plan, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mehrotra, A., RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, United States, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; An, R., RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, United States, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States; Patel, D.N., Discovery Health Plan, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sturm, R., RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, United States, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States	Objectives: Patient financial incentives are being promoted as a mechanism to increase receipt of preventive care, encourage healthy behavior, and improve chronic disease management. However, few empirical evaluations have assessed such incentive programs. Study Design: In South Africa, a private health plan has introduced a voluntary incentive program which costs enrollees approximately $20 per month. In the program, enrollees earn points when they receive preventive care. These points translate into discounts on retail goods such as airline tickets, movie tickets, or cell phones. Methods: We chose 8 preventive care services over the years 2005 to 2011 and compared the change between those who entered the incentive program and those that did not. We used multivariate regression models with individual random effects to try to address selection bias. Results: Of the 4,186,047 unique individuals enrolled in the health plan, 65.5% (2,742,268) voluntarily enrolled in the incentive program. Joining the incentive program was associated with statistically higher odds of receiving all 8 preventive care services. The odds ratio (and estimated percentage point increase) for receipt of cholesterol testing was 2.70 (8.9%); glucose testing 1.51 (4.7%); glaucoma screening 1.34 (3.9%); dental exam 1.64 (6.3%); HIV test 3.47 (2.6%); prostate specific antigen testing 1.39 (5.6%); Papanicolaou screening 2.17 (7.0%); and mammogram 1.90 (3.1%) (P <.001 for all 8 services). However, preventive care rates among those in the incentive program was still low. Conclusions: Voluntary participation in a patient incentive program was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of receiving preventive care, though receipt of preventive care among those in the program was still lower than ideal.	None	prostate specific antigen; adult; article; breast cancer; cancer screening; chronic disease; female; glaucoma; glucose blood level; health program; health promotion; HIV test; human; intention to treat analysis; laboratory test; major clinical study; male; mammography; outpatient; Papanicolaou test; patient incentive program; preventive health service; priority journal; prostate cancer; reward; screening test; South Africa; uterine cervix cancer; voluntary program	None
WoS	WOS:000304090900002	The Jamaican Historical Experience of the Impact of Educational Interventions on Sickle Cell Disease Child Mortality	Amendah, Djesika,Atrash, Hani K.,Grosse, Scott D.,Odame, Isaac,Piel, Frederic B.,Williams, Thomas N.	2012	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE	42	6	10.1016/j.amepre.2012.03.005	Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University College London, University of London, University of Oxford, University of Toronto, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, CDC, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, INDEPTH Network Demog Surveillance Sites, KEMRI Ctr Geog Med Res Coast	"Odame, Isaac: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust","Odame, Isaac: Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)","Odame, Isaac: University College London","Odame, Isaac: University of London","Odame, Isaac: University of Toronto","Piel, Frederic B.: University of Oxford",	None	,COHORT,LESSONS,SURVIVAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547910509	The impact of safer breastfeeding practices on postnatal HIV-1 transmission in Zimbabwe	Piwoz E.G., Humphrey J.H., Tavengwa N.V., Iliff P.J., Marinda E.T., Zunguza C.D., Nathoo K.J., Mutasa K., Moulton L.H., Ward B.J.	2007	American Journal of Public Health	97	7	10.2105/AJPH.2006.085704	Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, United States; ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; ZVITAMBO Project, #1 Borrowdale Rd, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe	Piwoz, E.G., Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, United States, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Humphrey, J.H., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, ZVITAMBO Project, #1 Borrowdale Rd, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Tavengwa, N.V., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Iliff, P.J., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Marinda, E.T., School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Zunguza, C.D., Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nathoo, K.J., College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutasa, K., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Moulton, L.H., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ward, B.J., Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada	Objectives. We assessed the association between exposure to an educational intervention that emphasized safer breastfeeding practices and postnatal HIV transmission among 437 HIV-positive mothers in Zimbabwe, 365 of whom did not know their infection status. Methods. Mothers were tested for HIV and were encouraged - but not required - to learn their HIV status. Intervention exposure was assessed by a questionnaire, Turnbull methods were used to estimate postnatal HIV transmission, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the association between intervention exposure and postnatal HIV transmission. Results. Cumulative postnatal HIV transmission was 8.2%; each additional intervention contact was associated with a 38% reduction in postnatal HIV transmission. HIV-positive mothers who were exposed to both print and video materials were 79% less likely to infect their infants compared with mothers who had no exposure. These findings were similar for mothers who did not know their HIV status. Conclusions. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding has the potential to reduce postnatal HIV transmission among women who do not know their HIV status, and child survival and HIV prevention programs should support this practice.	None	article; breast feeding education; controlled study; disease transmission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Zimbabwe; adult; breast feeding; breast milk; counseling; disease transmission; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; health education; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; methodology; newborn; outcome assessment; polymerase chain reaction; proportional hazards model; serodiagnosis; virology; Zimbabwe; Adult; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Breast Feeding; Counseling; Disease Transmission, Vertical; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Health Education; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proportional Hazards Models; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948840889	Understanding the impact of a microfinance-based intervention on women's empowerment and the reduction of intimate partner violence in South Africa	Kim J.C., Watts C.H., Hargreaves J.R., Ndhlovu L.X., Phetla G., Morison L.A., Busza J., Porter J.D.H., Pronyk P.	2007	American Journal of Public Health	97	10	10.2105/AJPH.2006.095521	Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; RADAR, PO Box 2, Acornhoek, 1360, South Africa	Kim, J.C., Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, RADAR, PO Box 2, Acornhoek, 1360, South Africa; Watts, C.H., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hargreaves, J.R., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ndhlovu, L.X., Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa; Phetla, G., Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa; Morison, L.A., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Busza, J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Porter, J.D.H., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Pronyk, P., Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objectives. We sought to obtain evidence about the scope of women's empowerment and the mechanisms underlying the significant reduction in intimate partner violence documented by the Intervention With Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa. Methods. The IMAGE intervention combined a microfinance program with participatory training on understanding HIV infection, gender norms, domestic violence, and sexuality. Outcome measures included past year's experience of intimate partner violence and 9 indicators of women's empowerment. Qualitative data about changes occurring within intimate relationships, loan groups, and the community were also collected. Results. After 2 years, the risk of past-year physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner was reduced by more than half (adjusted risk ratio=0.45; 95% confidence interval=0.23, 0.91). Improvements in all 9 indicators of empowerment were observed. Reductions in violence resulted from a range of responses enabling women to challenge the acceptability of violence, expect and receive better treatment from partners, leave abusive relationships, and raise public awareness about intimate partner violence. Conclusions. Our findings, both qualitative and quantitative, indicate that economic and social empowerment of women can contribute to reductions in intimate partner violence.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; controlled study; empowerment; female; financial management; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; partner violence; rural area; sexual abuse; sexuality; South Africa; wellbeing; women's health; adolescent; adult; aged; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; domestic violence; economics; male; middle aged; organization; organization and management; psychological aspect; randomized controlled trial; rural population; women's rights; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organizational Objectives; Rural Population; South Africa; Women's Rights	None
WoS	WOS:000259630400027	The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana	Heisler, Michele,Iacopino, Vincent,Korte, Fiona Percy-de,Leiter, Karen,Phaladze, Nthabiseng,Steward, Wayne T.,Weiser, Sheri D.,Wolfe, William R.	2008	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	98	10	10.2105/AJPH.2007.122044	University of Botswana, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Hlth Syst	"Iacopino, Vincent: University of Minnesota System","Iacopino, Vincent: University of Minnesota Twin Cities","Phaladze, Nthabiseng: University of Botswana","Steward, Wayne T.: University of California San Francisco","Steward, Wayne T.: University of California System","Weiser, Sheri D.: University of California San Francisco","Weiser, Sheri D.: University of California System","Wolfe, William R.: University of California San Francisco","Wolfe, William R.: University of California System",	Objectives. We sought to examine the impact of treatment access on HIV stigma in Botswana 3 years after the introduction of a national program of universal access to antiretroviral therapy. Methods. We studied the prevalence and correlates of HIV stigma in a population-based study of 1268 adults in Botswana in 2004. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess correlates of stigmatizing attitudes and a new measure, anticipated HIV stigma. Results. Overall, 38% of participants had at least 1 stigmatizing attitude: 23% would not buy food from a shopkeeper with HIV; 5% would not care for a relative with HIV. Seventy percent reported at least 1 measure of anticipated stigma: 54% anticipated ostracism after testing positive for HIV, and 31% anticipated mistreatment at work. Perceived access to antiretroviral therapy was strongly and independently associated with decreased odds of holding stigmatizing attitudes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.24, 0.74) and of anticipated stigma (AOR=0.09; 95% CI=0.03, 0.30). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that antiretroviral therapy access may be a factor in reducing HIV stigma. Nevertheless, the persistence of stigmatizing attitudes and significant anticipated stigma suggest that HIV stigma must be a target for ongoing intervention.	,"AIDS-RELATED STIGMA",ATTITUDES,BARRIERS,BELIEFS,CHILDREN,"HIV/AIDS-RELATED STIGMA",KNOWLEDGE,PREVALENCE,SERVICES,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000341361700026	The Public Health Impact of Training Physicians to Become Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Ghana	Anderson, Frank W. J.,Boothman, Erika L.,Obed, Samuel A.,Opare-Ado, Henry	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	104	None	10.2105/AJPH.2013.301581	University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Anderson, Frank W. J.: University of Michigan","Anderson, Frank W. J.: University of Michigan System","Boothman, Erika L.: University of Michigan","Boothman, Erika L.: University of Michigan System","Obed, Samuel A.: University of Ghana",	Objectives. We assessed the public health effect of creating and sustaining obstetrics and gynecology postgraduate training in Ghana, established in 1989 to reverse low repatriation of physicians trained abroad. Methods. All 85 certified graduates of 2 Ghanaian university-based postgraduate training programs from program initiation in 1989 through June 2010 were identified and eligible for this study. Of these, 7 were unable to be contacted, inaccessible, declined participation, or deceased. Results. Of the graduates, 83 provide clinical services in Ghana and work in 33 sites in 8 of 10 regions; 15% were the first obstetrician and gynecologist at their facility, 25% hold clinical leadership positions, 50% practice in teaching hospitals, and 14% serve as academic faculty. Conclusions. Creating capacity for university-based postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynecology is effective and sustainable for a comprehensive global approach to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Policies to support training and research capacity in obstetrics and gynecology are an integral part of a long-term national plan for maternal health.	,AFRICA,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,MODEL,POSTGRADUATE,PROGRAM,RETENTION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000276219700027	Evaluation of the Role of School Children in the Promotion of Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Handwashing in Schools and Households-Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, 2007	Blanton, Elizabeth,Mwaki, Alex,Oluoch, Gordon Otieno,Ombeki, Sam,Quick, Rob,Wannemuehler, Kathleen	2010	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	82	4	10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0422	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Cooperat Assistance & Relief Everywhere Inc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	None	We installed drinking water and handwashing stations in 17 rural schools and trained teachers to promote water treatment and hygiene to pupils. We gave schools flocculent-disinfectant powder and hypochlorite solution for water treatment. We conducted a baseline water handling survey of pupils' parents from 17 schools and tested stored water for chlorine. We trained teachers and students about hygiene, installed water stations, and distributed instructional comic books to students. We conducted follow-up surveys and chlorine testing at 3 and 13 months. From baseline to 3-month follow-up, parental awareness of the flocculent-disinfectant increased (49-91%, P &lt; 0.0001), awareness of hypochlorite remained high (93-92%), and household use of flocculent-disinfectant (1-7%, P &lt; 0.0001) and hypochlorite (6-13%, P &lt; 0.0001) increased, and were maintained after 13 months. Pupil absentee rates decreased after implementation by 26%. This school-based program resulted in pupil-to-parent knowledge transfer and significant increases in household water treatment practices that were sustained over 1 year.	,"DIARRHEA PREVENTION",DRINKING-WATER,FLOCCULANT-DISINFECTANT,INTERVENTION,KNOWLEDGE,PROGRAM,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL","RURAL GUATEMALA","SAFE WATER"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000331009000027	Assessment of Quality of Life as a Tool for Measuring Morbidity Due to Schistosoma mansoni Infection and the Impact of Treatment	Abudho, Bernard,Blackstock, Anna J.,Foo, Karen T.,Hightower, Allen W.,Karanja, Diana M. S.,Kennedy, Erin D.,Montgomery, Susan P.,Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.,Ochola, Elizabeth A.,Person, Bobbie,Secor, W. Evan,Won, Kimberly Y.	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	90	2	10.4269/ajtmh.13-0361	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	Recently, health measurements have broadened to include the assessment of quality of life (QOL). This study was conducted to assess whether the short form of the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was an effective tool for measuring morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni infection and whether it could detect an impact of treatment with praziquantel. A total of 724 adults 18-85 years of age were enrolled. At baseline, S. mansoni prevalence was 73.2% by stool examination and 75.4% by circulating cathodic antigen, and there was no association between infection status and WHOQOL-BREF scores. Six months after treatment, S. mansoni prevalence was lower and the proportion of persons with higher WHOQOL-BREF scores significantly increased among persons who were infected at baseline. However, a similar increase was observed in persons not infected at baseline. In areas of high prevalence, the WHOQOL-BREF may not be able to detect the benefits of schistosomiasis control programs.	,"AGED CHILDREN",ANEMIA,CHEMOTHERAPY,DIAGNOSIS,"MASS TREATMENT",PRAZIQUANTEL,PREVALENCE,SCHOOLCHILDREN,"SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000309795000003	Impact of a Hygiene Curriculum and the Installation of Simple Handwashing and Drinking Water Stations in Rural Kenyan Primary Schools on Student Health and Hygiene Practices	Faith, Sitnah Hamidah,Harris, Julie R.,Hoekstra, Robert M.,Juliao, Patricia,Kola, Steve,Nygren, Benjamin,Obure, Alfredo,Otieno, Ronald,Patel, Minal K.,Quick, Robert,Sadumah, Ibrahim,Were, Vincent	2012	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	87	4	10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0494	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, NICHE Project	None	School-based hygiene and water treatment programs increase student knowledge, improve hygiene, and decrease absenteeism, however health impact studies of these programs are lacking. We collected baseline information from students in 42 schools in Kenya. We then instituted a curriculum on safe water and hand hygiene and installed water stations in half ("intervention schools"). One year later, we implemented the intervention in remaining schools. Through biweekly student household visits and two annual surveys, we compared the effect of the intervention on hygiene practices and reported student illness. We saw improvement in proper handwashing techniques after the school program was introduced. We observed a decrease in the median percentage of students with acute respiratory illness among those exposed to the program; no decrease in acute diarrhea was seen. Students in this school program exhibited sustained improvement in hygiene knowledge and a decreased risk of respiratory infections after the intervention.	,CHILDREN,DIFFICULTIES,GUATEMALA,INTERVENTION,"NYANZA PROVINCE",PREVENTION,PROGRAM,PROMOTION,"SAFE WATER","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000308680100003	Impact of a School-Based Hygiene Promotion and Sanitation Intervention on Pupil Hand Contamination in Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Trial	Akoko, Daniel,Freeman, Matthew C.,Greene, Leslie E.,Moe, Christine,Rheingans, Richard,Saboori, Shadi	2012	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	87	3	10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0633	Emory University, Florida State University System, University of Florida, Great Lakes Univ Kisumu	"Greene, Leslie E.: Emory University",	Handwashing with soap effectively reduces exposure to diarrhea-causing pathogens. Interventions to improve hygiene and sanitation conditions in schools within low-income countries have gained increased attention; however, their impact on schoolchildren's exposure to fecal pathogens has not been established. Our trial examined whether a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention reduced Escherichia coli contamination on pupils' hands in western Kenya. A hygiene promotion and water treatment intervention did not reduce risk of E. coli presence (relative risk [RR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54-1.56); the addition of new latrines to intervention schools significantly increased risk among girls (RR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.29-5.34), with a non-significant increase among boys (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.74-2.49). Efforts to increase usage of school latrines by constructing new facilities may pose a risk to children in the absence of sufficient hygiene behavior change, daily provision of soap and water, and anal cleansing materials.	,BANGLADESH,BEHAVIOR,COLOMBIA,"FECAL CONTAMINATION",HOUSEHOLDS,INDICATORS,"NYANZA PROVINCE",PROGRAM,SOAP,WATER-TREATMENT	None	None
WoS	WOS:000276219700028	Evaluating Delivery Systems: Complex Evaluations and Plausibility Inference	Bruce, Jane,Chandramohan, Daniel,Dedzo, McDamien,Hanson, Kara,Kweku, Margaret,Lines, Jo,Tinkorang, Kojo,Webster, Jayne	2010	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	82	4	10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0473	Ghana Health Service, University of London	"Webster, Jayne: University of London",	Delivery system evaluation is poorly defined and therefore a barrier to achieving increased coverage of interventions. We use a pre- and post-implementation cross-sectional observational study with assessment of the intermediate processes to evaluate a new delivery system for insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in two regions of Ghana. In Volta Region, ownership of at least one net rose from 38.3% to 45.4% (P = 0.06), and 6.5% of respondents used a voucher in the purchase. In Eastern Region, ownership of a net rose from 13.7% to 26.0% (P &lt; 0.001) and 0.5% of households used a voucher to purchase a net. Just 40.7% and 21.1% of eligible antenatal clinic (ANC) attendees were offered a voucher in Volta and Eastern Regions, respectively, and 36.0% and 30.7% used their voucher in the purchase of an ITN. Without attributing nets to the specific delivery system, in Eastern Region the success of the new system would be overestimated.	,INTERVENTIONS,PUBLIC-HEALTH	None	None
WoS	WOS:000316158800004	Review: Impact, Challenges, and Future Projections of Vaccine Trials in Africa	Agbenyega, Tsiri E.,Idoko, Olubukola T.,Kochhar, Sonali,Ogutu, Bernhards,Ota, Martin O. C.	2013	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	88	3	10.4269/ajtmh.12-0576	Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kwame Nkurma Univ Sci & Technol, MRC Unit, PATH	None	Immunization remains the most cost effective method for the control of infectious diseases. Therefore, there is a global effort to deploy new vaccines for disease control and eradication. These new vaccines must be tested in the settings in which they will be used. This necessity has required the conduct of many vaccine trials in Africa, where several infectious diseases with significant public health impact are prevalent. However, these areas have peculiarities and are just beginning to gain expertise in the conduct of such trials. The vaccine developers and sponsors of these trials may also not be conversant with some issues unique to the trial site. The understanding gap from both partners can result in challenges if not addressed during the planning phase of the trial. This review seeks to highlight the issues surrounding the conduct of clinical trials in resource-constrained settings and suggests some ways of circumventing them.	,CLINICAL-TRIALS,"CONJUGATE VACCINE",DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,GAMBIA,HEALTH,INFORMED-CONSENT	None	None
WoS	WOS:000266645800007	Impact of Ministry of Health Interventions on Private Medicine Retailer Knowledge and Practices on Anti-Malarial Treatment in Kenya	Abuya, Timothy,Fegan, Greg,Karisa, Baya,Marsh, Vicki,Mutemi, Wilfred,Ochola, Sam,Rowa, Yvone	2009	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	80	6	None	University of London, University of Oxford, Kilifi Dist Hosp, Wellcome Trust Ctr Geog Med Res Coast	None	Small-scale interventions oil training medicine retailers on malaria treatment improve over-the-counter medicine use, but there is little evidence oil effectiveness when scaled up. This study evaluated the impact of Ministry of Health (MoH) training programs on the knowledge and practices of medicine retailers in three districts in Kenya. A cluster randomized trial was planned across 10 administrative divisions. Findings indicated that 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.3, 39.0) and 5.2% (95% Cl: 2.1, 10.3) of program and control retailers, respectively, sold MoH amodiaquine with correct advice on use to surrogate clients (OR = 8.8; 95% Cl: 2.9, 26.9 P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, 61.8% (950% CI: 54.2 69.1) and 6.3% (95% CI: 2.7, 12.1) of program and control retailers, respectively, reported correct knowledge on dosing with amodiaquine (OR = 29.8; 95% Cl: 8.2, 108.8). Large-scale retailer training programs within the national malaria control framework led to significant improvements in retailers' practices across three districts.	,"CHILDHOOD ILLNESS",CHILDREN,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"HOME TREATMENT","MALARIA TREATMENT",MANAGEMENT,PUBLIC-HEALTH,RANDOMIZED-TRIALS,"RURAL TANZANIA",SELF-TREATMENT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878275810	A process evaluation of a capacity-building project for comprehensive HIV/AIDS management in Nkonkobe local municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Chipunza C., Nyawasha T.S.	2013	Anthropologist	15	3	None	Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; University of Limpopo, Department of Sociology, South Africa	Chipunza, C., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; Nyawasha, T.S., University of Limpopo, Department of Sociology, South Africa	South Africa has put in place policies to curb the HIV and AIDS pandemic and adopted the multi-sectoral approach to effectively implement the policies and manage the scourge in terms of prevention, treatment, care and support. However, the implementation of the policies has been hampered by lack of human capacity. This article focuses on the results of a process or implementation evaluation of a capacity-building project in the management of HIV and AIDS in one of South Africa's local municipalities. The intention of the researchers were twofold: (1) to provide a picture of important observations about the project in terms of delivery in line with the original plan, reaching targeted population, as well as frequency and adequacy of project activities (2) to draw up lessons that can be used to improve HIV and AIDS policy implementation through projects. Using interviews and corroborating them with, observations and documents, the process evaluation exercise focused on two levels of analysis, that is, the programme staff and their provincial partners, and the project's intended beneficiaries. The results of the evaluation showed a high level of fidelity implementation, reach and dose. The study highlights the lessons learnt in contributing to a co-ordinated and, participatory and vibrant response to HIV and AIDS management. It draws a number of recommendations for future policy and practices based on the project's experience. © Kamla-Raj 2013.	Dose; Empowerment; Fidelity; Participation; Reach	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897471101	Using evaluation as action research: Reflections on teaching practice using Brookfield's four lenses model	Ndebele C.	2014	Anthropologist	17	2	None	Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, University of Venda, P. Bag. X 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Ndebele, C., Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, University of Venda, P. Bag. X 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	As one goes about the process of teaching there is need to sit down after every session and take stock of the proceedings with a view to identifying what went well and what might need further improvement Four lenses that teachers could use to critically reflect on their practice are discussed in this article: eliciting evaluation from students, peer evaluation, research and theory and our own autobiographies as learners and teachers. To some extent academics are all prisoners trapped within the perceptual frameworks that determine how they view their experiences and in order to break away from this prison there is need to engage in critical reflection. In this article, through a qualitative analysis of student evaluation data, peer feedback and relevant literature; The researcher shares his reflection on his practice through experimenting with the four lenses at a historically disadvantaged university.What emerged from the reflective exercise is that looking beyond one's own self to others for their views on one's practice does indeed enrich one's knowledge and helps to improve practice. Colleagues, the literature and students can indeed serve as critical mirrors reflecting back to lecturers' images of their actions that often take them by surprise. © Kamla-Raj 2014.	Autobiography; Feedback; Peer review; Relevant literature; Student eyes; Triangulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901617670	Evaluation of the relationship between handgrip strength with some anthropometries among nigerian secondary school students	Ibegbu A.O., Baita M.B., Hamman W.O., Emmanuel U.U., Musa S.A.	2014	Anthropologist	17	3	None	Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Ibegbu, A.O., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Baita, M.B., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Hamman, W.O., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Emmanuel, U.U., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Musa, S.A., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between handgrip strength and some anthropometric variables in 400 randomly selected Secondary School Students in Kano, Nigeria. The students were from two secondary schools and were aged 14-18 years with mean age of 16.00±1.35. The anthropometric variables namely, the height, weight, BMI, hand width and length, upper and lower arm length, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and handgrip strength were measured using standard anthropometric measurement techniques. The results from the present study showed that male students had higher mean values in seven variables namely, the height (16.00±1.35kg), weight (46.34±8.30cm), hand length (19.34±0.98cm), hand width (10.45±0.90cm), forearm length (27.93±1.92cm), arm length (31.93±2.46cm), handgrip strength (35.63±17.17), and lower mean values in two variables namely, BMI (17.45±2.30) and MUAC (24.23±2.26cm). In male students, handgrip strength had significant positive correlations (Pd"0.01) with all the variables studied while in the female students, handgrip strength had a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with some of the variables studied. It may be concluded that handgrip strength had strong positive correlations with all the anthropometric variables studied in Nigerian Secondary School Students of Kano metropolis. © Kamla-Raj 2014.	Anthropometric variables; Hand; Handgrip; Height; Kano; Students; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62549095843	Perceived impact of journalism on awareness and spectatorship as indices for sports development in Lagos State, Nigeria	Morakinyo E.O., Agu E.C.	2009	Anthropologist	11	1	None	Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Galaxy Television, Lagos, Nigeria	Morakinyo, E.O., Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agu, E.C., Galaxy Television, Lagos, Nigeria	This study was designed to determine the perceived impact of journalism on awareness and spectatorship as indices of sports development in Lagos State of Nigeria. The purposive and random sampling techniques were adopted in selecting four hundred and eighty (480) respondents made up of sports journalists and stakeholders in the sports industry, descriptive research design with a self-structured questionnaire (r = b8) was used for data collection. The chi-square (χ2) was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05alpha level. The analysis revealed that the two variables were indices of sports development (Awareness -37.59, p&lt;0.05, 2df; Spectatorship - 12.47, p&lt;0.05, 2df). © Kamla-Raj 2009.	Awareness; Journalism; Perceived impact; Spectatorship; Sports development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46849096098	The effects of therapeutic management approach on depressive symptomatology and cognitive task performance among the physically challenged students of rehabilitation centre, Ibadan, Nigeria	Busari A.O., Eniola M.S.	2008	Anthropologist	10	1	None	Federal College of Education Special, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Special Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Busari, A.O., Federal College of Education Special, Oyo, Nigeria; Eniola, M.S., Department of Special Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study investigated therapeutic management approach of depressive symptomatology on the performance of Cognitive task among the special need students of rehabilitation centre, Ibadan, Nigeria (male one hundred and eleven and female eight-nine), A self constructed validated questionnaire was used to generate data. The t-test statistics was employed to test the three research hypotheses formulated while the adjusted post-mean score was performed on the achievement test scores. Findings indicated that there were significant differences in the signs and symptoms of depression exhibited by the experimental and the control groups. Further, better cognitive task performance by the experimental group due to reduction in the level of signs and symptoms of depression was revealed. © Kamla-Raj 2008.	Cognitive task; Depressive symptomatology; Physically challenged; Therapeutic management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349678860	Gender differentials in migration impacts in Southern Ethiopia	Regassa N., Yusufe A.	2009	Anthropologist	11	2	None	Hawassa University, Department of Rural Development and Family Sciences, P.O.Box 679, SNNPR, Awassa, Ethiopia	Regassa, N., Hawassa University, Department of Rural Development and Family Sciences, P.O.Box 679, SNNPR, Awassa, Ethiopia; Yusufe, A., Hawassa University, Department of Rural Development and Family Sciences, P.O.Box 679, SNNPR, Awassa, Ethiopia	The Southern Nations, Nationalities Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopian is experiencing one of the highest population growth rate (about 2.8 percent per annum) mainly as a result of very high fertility rate (Total Fertility Rate, TFR, of 5.9). Like in other parts of the country, rural-urban migration is an increasingly becoming common phenomenon mainly as direct response to environmental degradation and rural poverty. While there are interwoven socio-economic and ecological factors contribute to the migration of influx of people into the increasingly important medium sized urban areas of the region, the migration impacts on the migrants at destination (urban centers) is less researched, and hence, worth investigating. This article thus tries to examine the gender differentials of migration impacts at the place of destinations by taking the experiences of four major urban areas of the Southern Region (Awassa town, Wolkite town, Durame, and Soddo). The study is based on primary data collected from 821 urban migrants selected from four of the most populous districts (zone) of southern Ethiopia namely Sidama, Wolayita, Kembata Tembaro and Guraghe zones. The study has employed Chi-square analysis to examine the possible gender differentials of migration impacts at the place of destination. The study employed both the quantitative and qualitative approaches in the course of collecting and analyzing the data. The study has documented that there are certain gender differentials in the impacts of migration at the place of destination: Male migrants are more prone to some of the socio-economic problems (such as unemployment) than their counterpart female migrants. Similarly, female migrants are found to be more prone to some of urban problems (such as, lack of food, lack of adequate health service, homesickness, labor and sexual abuses and the like) than their counterpart male migrants. © Kamla-Raj 2009.	Differentials; Gender; Kebeles; Southern Ethiopia; Woredas; Zones	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877091791	Information and communication technology (ICT) risk models and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs)	Bayaga A.	2013	Anthropologist	15	2	None	University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa	Bayaga, A., University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa	The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between: (1) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) operational risk management (ORM) and (2) performances of SMEs. In order to understand the degree of association between the performances of SMEs and the independent variables, multiple regression was performed. The study was based upon survey design to collect the primary data from 107 respondents using the simple random sampling technique. The findings of the distribution revealed that only one variable made significant percentage contribution to the level of ICT operation in SMEs, thus (Payback method) (β = 0.410, p <.000). Conclusively, in answering the two questions (1) degree of variability explained and (2) predictors, the results revealed that the variables contributed approximately 88.4% of the variations in evaluation models affecting ICT adoption within SMEs. Following the findings of the current research, it is recommended that managers in SMEs need to be equipped to identify, analyse and manage ICT operation from a more diverse range of sources and contexts. © Kamla-Raj 2013.	Evaluation models; Information technology; Operational risk; Risk; SMEs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897406677	University lecturers' views on student-lecturer evaluations	Makondo L., Ndebele C.	2014	Anthropologist	17	2	None	University of Venda, Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Makondo, L., University of Venda, Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Ndebele, C., University of Venda, Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, Thohoyandou, South Africa	This paper discusses university lecturers' views on student-lecturer evaluation of teaching and learning process. Specific reference is given to the university lecturers' views on the usefulness of the evaluation exercise, the evaluation process, items in the evaluation questionnaires and evaluation feedback reports at a formerly disadvantaged South African University. A total of 118 (53.8%) lecturers out of a staff establishment of 219 teaching staff volunteered their participation in this study. Participating lecturers in this descriptive survey design that used predominantly a quantitative approach, were given the opportunity to make their comments based on the results of the student-lecturer evaluation findings. Data were then analysed using content analysis and emerging themes were identified and discussed. The findings of the study show that insights from student-lecturer evaluations are an important source of information for university teaching staff and administration to consider in their quest to improve on the quality of university teaching and learning moves that can help improve on throughput rates. Based on the findings, we conclude that student-lecturer evaluations are beneficial and recommend that their contributions be taken with an open mind alongside other sources of data such as peer evaluations. © Kamla-Raj 2014.	Effectiveness; Grading leniency; Quality; Rating; Student feedback	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960748565	University lecturers' perceptions of students evaluation of their instructional practices	Machingambi S., Wadesango N.	2011	Anthropologist	13	3	None	Walter Sisulu Universit, Centre for Learning and Teaching Development, South Africa	Machingambi, S., Walter Sisulu Universit, Centre for Learning and Teaching Development, South Africa; Wadesango, N., Walter Sisulu Universit, Centre for Learning and Teaching Development, South Africa	This article examines lecturers' perceptions of student evaluations on their instructional practices. A total of sixty lecturers from an institution of higher learning in South Africa participated in the study. Data were collected through a researcher- constructed 20-item Likert-type questionnaire. Data were analysed using frequency tables and the discussion revolved around the three research questions that formed the pillar of the study. The study established that generally university lecturers had negative perceptions of students' evaluation of their instructional practices. The study specifically revealed that while lecturers were sometimes positive about the use of results of student evaluations for formative purposes, they were strongly opposed to the use of such information for summative purposes. The study, therefore, recommends that student evaluations of teaching must always be triangulated with other multidimensional evaluation methods so as to increase validity and reliability in the evaluation of teaching effectiveness in higher education. © Kamla-Raj 2011.	Formative; Lecture; Summative; Teaching	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866547411	The influence of teacher participation in decision-making on student performance	Wadesango N.	2012	Anthropologist	14	5	None	Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa	Wadesango, N., Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to examine empirically the influence of teacher participation in crucial school- based decisions on student performance in Zimbabwean secondary schools. The study adopted an interpretive qualitative research approach utilising a case study research design. A purposive convenient sample of 5 school heads and 20 secondary school teachers formed the study. Together with observations of meetings during school visits, interviews were also conducted with the participants. The study established that the involvement of secondary school teachers in critical school- based decisions has a significant influence on student performance. This finding implies that if teachers are involved in strategic school decisions, this would be vita l to improve not only student performance but also organisational performance. The study therefore concludes that a positive correlation does exist between teacher involvement in decision making and student performance. © Kamla-Raj 2012.	Collegiality; Decentralisation; High schools; School; School heads	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856587278	Study of secondary schools students performance in mathematics from Zimbabwe	Wadesango N., Dhliwayo E.	2012	Anthropologist	14	2	None	Walter Sisulu University, Teaching and Learning Centre, East London, South Africa	Wadesango, N., Walter Sisulu University, Teaching and Learning Centre, East London, South Africa; Dhliwayo, E., Walter Sisulu University, Teaching and Learning Centre, East London, South Africa	The study was set up to determine some causes of poor performance in Mathematics examinations at Ordinary ('O') levels in Gweru District Day Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe. For the purpose of establishing the causes, ten day secondary schools in the district were investigated. The research design employed was the descriptive survey because of its ability to address current issues during the time of the study. Ten 'O' level mathematics teachers and their heads of departments were sampled. This information was collected through the use of teacher questionnaire and Head of Departments (H.O.D) questionnaires which enabled the researchers to have a wider view on the research problem. The questionnaires were physically administered by the researchers from school to school which facilitated a 100% return rate. Data collected was grouped and presented in tables in the form of numbers and interpretation. The results obtained from the study indicated that teaching methods and negative attitudes by students of both sexes are some of the causes of poor performance by students at 'O' level mathematics. The study recommends regular staff development workshops. © Kamla-Raj 2012.	'O' Level; Both Sexes; Day Schools; Gweru; Secondary Schools	None	None
WoS	WOS:000306168300012	An Evaluation of the Gender Sensitive Nature of Selected Textbooks in the Zimbabwean Secondary School Curriculum	Modiba, Maropeng,Mutekwe, Edmore	2012	ANTHROPOLOGIST	14	4	None	University of Johannesburg	"Modiba, Maropeng: University of Johannesburg","Mutekwe, Edmore: University of Johannesburg"	The aim of the study was to evaluate the gender sensitivity and balance of selected textbooks in the Zimbabwean school curriculum. An evaluation instrument was designed to evaluate the books and focus group interviews were carried out with a purposive and gender stratified sample of students. The data management and analysis procedures adopted covered both the content and discourse analyses of selected history text books in addition to the interpretations of participants' verbatim statements from the focus group discussions. The study revealed that a great deal of patriarchal values and ideologies are embodied in the textbooks. The textbooks analysed were found to contain gender biases, imbalances and stereotypes. The interviews' carried out revealed that students were overtly and covertly affected by the gender representations in textbooks. In depicting traditional gender stereotypes, textbooks shaped students in particular ways and affect their academic achievement and career choices. The study recommends that textbooks in schools should be carefully selected to avoid those that are full of gender biases or stereotypes. Where possible textbooks could be rewritten to ensure gender sensitivity in order to avoid producing and peddling gender role ideologies and stereotypes that differentially reinforce boys and girls for not only different but highly gender polarized social roles.	domesticity,"Gender Role Biases","hidden curriculum",stereotyping	None	None
WoS	WOS:000336837700001	MEASURING PROGRESS OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION APPROACH	Afful-Dadzie, Anthony,Afful-Dadzie, Eric,Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova	2014	APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE	28	1	10.1080/08839514.2014.862770	Tomas Bata University Zlin, University of Ghana	"Afful-Dadzie, Anthony: University of Ghana","Afful-Dadzie, Eric: Tomas Bata University Zlin","Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova: Tomas Bata University Zlin"	The United Nations' target date to achieve its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to free people from extreme poverty and multiple deprivations is 2015. As the date approaches, several attempts have been made to evaluate the performance of the set goals, targets, and indicators. Although the methodology used to measure the performance of member countries has been questioned by many, the fiercest criticism so far has been the apparent lack of data with which to measure progress. The subjectivity of the MDGs further increases the complexity of the evaluation systems, but an effective measurability of each MDG is key to the overall success. This study applies a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) in evaluating the performance of individual member countries with regard to the MDGs. The result shows how, in the absence of data, the FCEM can be used to evaluate performance of member countries involved in the MDG project.	,SUCCESS,TARGETS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000302143600011	Continuous EEG monitoring in Kenyan children with non-traumatic coma	Chengo, Edwin,Fegan, Gregory,Garrashi, Harrun,Gwer, Samson,Idro, Richard,Kirkham, Fenella J.,Newton, Charles R.,White, Steve	2012	ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD	97	4	10.1136/archdischild-2011-300935	Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Makerere University, University College London, University of London, University of Oxford, University of Southampton, Afya Res Africa, Southampton Gen Hosp, Wellcome Trust Res Programme	"White, Steve: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust","White, Steve: University College London","White, Steve: University of London",	Background The aim of this study was to describe the EEG and clinical profile of seizures in children with non-traumatic coma, compare seizure detection by clinical observations with that by continuous EEG, and relate EEG features to outcome. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at the paediatric high dependency unit of Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya. Children aged 9 months to 13 years presenting with acute coma were monitored by EEG for 72 h or until they regained consciousness or died. Poor outcome was defined as death or gross motor deficits at discharge. Results 82 children (median age 2.8 (IQR 2.0-3.9) years) were recruited. An initial medium EEG amplitude (100-300 mV) was associated with less risk of poor outcome compared to low amplitude (&lt;= 100 mV) (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7; p&lt;0.01). 363 seizures in 28 (34%) children were observed: 240 (66%) were electrographic and 112 (31%) electroclinical. In 16 (20%) children, electrographic seizures were the only seizure types detected. The majority (63%) of electroclinical seizures had focal clinical features but appeared as generalised (79%) or focal with secondary generalisation (14%) on EEG. Occurrence of any seizure or status epilepticus during monitoring was associated with poor outcome (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.7; p=0.02 and OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 15.3; p&lt;0.01, respectively). Conclusion Initial EEG background amplitude is prognostic in paediatric non-traumatic coma. Clinical observations do not detect two out of three seizures. Seizures and status epilepticus after admission are associated with poor outcome.	,BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS,"CEREBRAL MALARIA",CHILDHOOD,CLINICAL-FEATURES,ENCEPHALOPATHY,INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT,"NONCONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS",RISK-FACTORS,SEIZURES,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000277417200015	Development of a Language-Independent Functional Evaluation	Beier, Klaus P.,Boggess, Tony,Chan, Lilliene,Haig, Andrew J.,Jayarajan, Senthil,Juang, Derek,Kalpakjian, Claire,Loar, Jesse,Maslowski, Eric,Owusu-Ansah, Bertha,Tinney, Melissa,Yamakawa, Karen S.	2009	ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION	90	12	10.1016/j.apmr.2009.05.025	Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Temple University, University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Vet Hosp Huntington	"Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan","Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan System","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan System","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan System","Jayarajan, Senthil: Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)","Jayarajan, Senthil: Temple University","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan System","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan System","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan System","Owusu-Ansah, Bertha: University of Ghana",	Haig AJ, Jayarajan S, Maslowski E, Yamakawa KS, Tinney M, Beier KP, Juang D, Chan L, Boggess T, Loar J, Owusu-Ansah B, Kalpakjian C. Development of a language-independent functional evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:2074-80. Objective: To design, validate, and critique a tool for self-report of physical functioning that is independent of language and literacy. Design: Software design and 2 prospective trials followed by redesign. Setting: United States and African university hospitals. Participants: Outpatient and inpatient competent adults with diverse physical impairments. Interventions: (1) Software design process leading to a Preliminary Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (Pre-L.I.F.E.); (2) patient surveys using a printed Pre-L.I.F.E. and a computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. tested in random order, followed by a questionnaire version of the standard Barthel Index; and (3) software redesign based on objective and qualitative experiences with Pre-L.I.F.E. Main Outcome Measures: Validation of the general concept that written and spoken language can be eliminated in assessment of function. Development of a refined Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (LIFE.). Results: A viable Pre-L.I.F.E. software was built based on design parameters of the clinical team. Fifty Americans and 51 Africans demonstrated excellent (Cronbach alpha&gt;0.8 Americans) and good (alpha&gt;.425 Africans) reliability. In general, the relations between Pre-L.I.F.E. and Barthel scores were excellent in the United States (interclass correlation coefficient for stair climbing, .959) but somewhat less good in Africa, with elimination functions very poorly related. The computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. was faster and trended to be more reliable than the printed Pre-L.I.F.E. in both the United States and Africa. Redesign meetings corrected statistical and qualitative challenges, resulting in a new tool, the L.I.F.E. Conclusions: Literacy and language translation can be eliminated from some aspects of functional assessment. The new LIFE., based on solid empirical evidence and design principles, may be a practical solution to assessment of function in the global culture.	Africa,"DISABILITY EVALUATION","EDUCATIONAL STATUS",EPIDEMIOLOGY,LANGUAGE,"Outcome assessment (health care) Rehabilitation","STROKE REHABILITATION"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000313654400002	Impact of intimate partner violence on anxiety and depression amongst women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, O. A.,Afolabi, O.,Akinsulore, A.,Aloba, O. O.,Makanjuola, R. O. A.,Mapayi, Boladale,Mosaku, S. K.	2013	ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH	16	1	10.1007/s00737-012-0307-x	Obafemi Awolowo University, Lagos State Univ	"Afolabi, O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Akinsulore, A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Aloba, O. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Makanjuola, R. O. A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mapayi, Boladale: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mosaku, S. K.: Obafemi Awolowo University",	Research into intimate partner violence in the Nigerian environment has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine, amongst a sample of women attending the Enuwa Primary Health Care Center, Ile-Ife, the association between intimate partner violence and anxiety/depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 373 women who attended the antenatal clinic and welfare units of a primary health centre in Ile-Ife using the Composite Abuse Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and a socio-demographic scale as instruments. Slightly over a third (36.7 %) reported intimate partner violence within the past year, 5.6 % had anxiety and 15.5 % were depressed. Anxiety and depression in the respondents were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Women were ten times more likely to report being depressed and 17 times more likely to report anxiety if they were in violent relationships. This research has shown that the magnitude of intimate partner violence within the study population is comparable to those found in the developing countries. There are significant associations between intimate partner violence, anxiety and depression amongst the study population and this fact undoubtedly has implications for the mental health of the Nigerian woman.	Anxiety,DEPRESSION,Ile-Ife,"intimate partner violence","PRIMARY HEALTH",ABUSE,ADULT,GENERAL-PRACTICE,HEALTH,"HOSPITAL ANXIETY",MENTAL-DISORDERS,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS,PREVALENCE,SCALE,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000326486400005	Evaluation of directly observed treatment short courses at a secondary health institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria	Adegoke, Olajire A.,Orokotan, Olalekan A.	2013	ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE	6	12	10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60170-4	University of Ibadan	"Adegoke, Olajire A.: University of Ibadan","Orokotan, Olalekan A.: University of Ibadan"	Objective: To evaluate the success rate of tuberculosis intervention programme at a specialist hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria through a retrospective study as well as carry out physicochemical evaluation of anti tuberculous agents as a way of eliminating drug related failure. Methods: The retrospective study involved the use of quarterly tuberculosis central register at the Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan between 1st quarter (2003) to 4th quarter (2009). Relevant data were extracted from these register with the aid of data collection forms. The basic physicochemical analyses of the drugs given to the patients were also carried out using the International Pharmacopoeia methods. Results: All the drugs examined for their physicochemical properties passed the International Pharmacopeia recommended tests. A total number of 1 260 patients enrolled at the hospital were assessed through case notes. This comprises of 59.4% males of which 69.23% new cases were also males. There was a significant (P&lt;0.05) patient enrollment across the quarters for the seven years. An overall 80.24% cure rate over the 7 period was obtained which is less than the WHO target of 85%. Cure rates were better in females than males. Failure treatment outcomes such as positive (1.51%), deaths (8.73%), defaulted (3.33% and transferred out (5.95%) were recorded though not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). Failure rates in all categories were higher in males than females (P&gt;0.05). Conclusions: More enlightenment and counseling is still required to meet up with the target for TB control.	"anti-TB drugs","DOTs therapy","PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION","SUCCESS RATE",TUBERCULOSIS,BURDEN,DOTS,RISK-FACTORS,TUBERCULOSIS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893334876	Effects of job evaluation on decisions involving pay equity	Chaneta I.	2014	Asian Social Science	10	4	10.5539/ass.v10n4p145	Arts and Social Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe	Chaneta, I., Arts and Social Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe	Job evaluation's purpose is to compare all the jobs in the organisation, one with another, with the aim of producing a rank order. This rank order may be then be subdivided into groups of jobs of the same size which can, if desired, be placed within pay ranges or grades. While this approach is clearly more appropriate to large organisations, even in small organisations judgements have to be made about how one job compares with another, otherwise no decision can be made about relative pay and status. So, in effect, even where there is no formal method of job evaluation, jobs are evaluated in any case. It is really a question of how analytical the organisation wants to be.	Analytical; Appropriate; Pay ranges; Rank order; Relative pay; Subdivided	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927667258	Diseases and economic performance: Evidence from panel data	Nor N.M., Sirag A., Thinng W.B.K., Waziri S.I.	2015	Asian Social Science	11	9	10.5539/ass.v11n9p198	Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Economics, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Nor, N.M., Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Sirag, A., Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Thinng, W.B.K., Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Waziri, S.I., Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Economics, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Bauchi State, Nigeria	The current study aims to estimate to what extent economic performance is affected by different types of diseases. Particularly, we intend to examine the impact of diseases such as dengue, TB and HIV on GDP per capita in selected Southeast Asian countries. The panel data analysis and cointegration estimation technique are adopted to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings reveal that the variables move together in the long-run, and the results confirmed by three cointegration tests: Johansen-Fisher, Kao and Pedroni. Additionally, the coefficients estimated using FMOLS and confirmed by DOLS. Most importantly, it has been shown that shocks to human capital (diseases) have a large adverse impact on economic performance, especially; dengue, TB and HIV. The second major finding was that the role of human capital is found to be very crucial expressed by education and labor. The findings of this study suggest that reduction of diseases can lead to considerable improvement in economic performance. © 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved.	Cointegration; Communicable diseases; Economic performance; Human capital; Southeast Asia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870681073	Residents' perception of socio-economic impacts of tourism in Tafi Atome, Ghana	Mensah C.	2012	Asian Social Science	8	15	10.5539/ass.v8n15p274	Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Ho Polytechnic, P O Box 217, Ho, Ghana	Mensah, C., Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Ho Polytechnic, P O Box 217, Ho, Ghana	The study explored the perception of residents of Tafi Atome on the impact of tourism development in the community. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered to 197 residents aged 18 and above in public places as well as houses in the community via convenience sampling procedure. Generally, results of the study indicate an appreciable consensus between residents that tourism has brought development to the community. Residents find tourism to have contributed to the conservation of Mona monkeys as well as enhancing the image of Tafi Atome. Results of the study indicate inconsistency of socio-demographic variables in explaining variation in residents' perception of tourism impacts.	Ghana; Impacts; Residents' perception; Tafi Atome; Tourism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857806199	Impact of cultural value system on the personality development of Ogoni adolescents	Nwoke M.B.	2012	Asian Social Science	8	3	10.5539/ass.v8n3p100	Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria	Nwoke, M.B., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria	Cultural value system is a very important and significant issue in the life of Ogonis in Nigeria. This is because it is the compendium of their entire life. In this study the first of its kind, the process of ethnic identity formation among the Ogoni adolescents is explored. Sixteen participants (8males and 8 females) completed the semi structured interviews and the qualitative data collected was analysed using a grounded theory approach. Based on the findings of this study, a preliminary understanding of the impact of cultural value system on the personality development among the Ogoni adolescents is presented and discussed in detail. The qualitative interviews unveiled the presence of compulsory rite of passage into man/womanhood called 'koo' and 'yaa' which every Ogoni adolescent boy or girl must partake. Finally through a thematic analysis, cultural values like 'sira-culture', 'masquerade-cult' and 'were-beast-affinity' that impact on the personality of Ogoni adolescents were uncovered.	Adolescents; Culture; Ogoni; Personality; Values system	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858226639	Unethical behaviour in Nigerian organizational settings: Its evolution, dimensions and impact on national development	Ugwu L.I.	2011	Asian Social Science	7	2	None	Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ugwu, L.I., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A disturbing but unavoidable fact of organizational life is that employees sometimes engage in ethically questionable activities that harm their companies, their co-workers, or the general public. Unethical behaviour in the workplace can take different dimensions ranging from lying, cheating, stealing, sabotage, corruption, to hiding or destruction of official documents. The paper traced the origin of employees' unethical behaviour to the undesirable activities of the colonialists and the corresponding employees' tacit resistance that manifested in the form of unethical behaviour. The employees' undesirable activities were designed to reduce the perceived input-outcome differentials that favoured the colonialists. The questionable ethical activities of the employees have the potential of slowing down the pace of economic development and tarnish the image of the organizations, with gross reduction in public confidence, which invariably deter investors. Consequently, the economic costs of such unethical behaviour in the workplace cannot easily be estimated, but it is likely that billions of Naira is lost annually. The paper contends that individual value system, organizational practices, and wider external environments are some influential factors of unethical behaviour, and therefore, recommends periodic workshops, seminars, and ethics training for employees so that they can internalize high ethical standards in their daily behaviour.	Individual variables and organizational settings; Unethical behaviour	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858207345	Performance determinants of Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in mathematics of secondary schools in Nyamaiya Division, Kenya	Yara P.O., Catherine W.W.	2011	Asian Social Science	7	2	None	Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda	Yara, P.O., Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda; Catherine, W.W.	The study found the performance determinants of students' performance in mathematics Kenya certificate of secondary education (KCSE) in Nyamaiya division of Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey design of the ex-post facto type with a total student population of 151 and 12 teachers. Four validated research instrument developed for the study were Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) (r = 0.67), Students Questionnaire (SQ) (r = 0.75), Teachers Questionnaire (TQ) (r = 0.60 and Head teachers Questionnaire (HQ) (r = 0.70). Three research questions were answered. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. There was a positive correlation among the six independent variables and the dependent measure - mathematics performance(R= 0.238; F (6,151)=1.53843; p&lt;0.05). The six variables accounted for 45.6% of the total variance in the independent measure (R 2 = 0.564). Teachers' experience (B=0.972, t=2.080; p&lt;0.05), teachers' qualification (B=0.182, t=2.390; p&lt;0.05), teachers/students' attitude (B=0.215, t= 2.821; p&lt;0.05) and school category (B=0.064, t=0.352; p&lt;0.05) could be used to predict students' academic performance in mathematics. It is therefore recommended that adequate attention should paid to these variables that can predict students' performance by the government and other stakeholders of education in Kenya.	Kenya certificate of education; Performance determinants; Secondary school mathematics; Students performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859123358	The impact of culture on performance appraisal reforms in Africa: The case of Uganda's civil service	Karyeija G.K.	2012	Asian Social Science	8	4	10.5539/ass.v8n4p159	Public Administration Higher Degrees Department, Uganda Management Institute, P. O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda	Karyeija, G.K., Public Administration Higher Degrees Department, Uganda Management Institute, P. O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda	This article explores the impact of administrative culture on performance appraisal reforms in Uganda's civil service. Data gathered from 147 questionnaires, 29 interviews and various documents indicates that administrative culture sabotages the actual conduct of performance appraisals and undermines its institutionalization. The study supports the use of power distance and uncertainty avoidance. The additional dimensions of political (neutrality) biasness and ethnicity are a highly relevant addition to the literature on administrative culture and its linkage to instruments of management. Thus, for the successful introduction of performance appraisals, culture matters because the performance appraisal is imposed from abroad and requires a compatible host administrative culture in order to take root. In this case, the host administrative culture was not compatible in many respects with the values underlying the appraisal reforms. Although the Ugandan government introduced appraisal reforms, incompatibility between the values embedded in the appraisal and the host administrative culture watered down the reform.	Administrative culture; Performance appraisal; Reforms; Uganda; Values	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908312636	The moderating effect of self-motivation on the relationship between parent’s socio-economic background and children’s academic performance at Nigerian universities	Ekpe I., Adelaiye M.O., Adubasim E.I., Adim V.C.	2014	Asian Social Science	10	21	10.5539/ass.v10n21p73	Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria; Department of Management, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria	Ekpe, I., Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Adelaiye, M.O., Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adubasim, E.I., Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria; Adim, V.C., Department of Management, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria	The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of self-motivation on the relationship between parent’s socio-economic backgrounds on their children’s academic performance at Nigerian Universities, which has received little attention. Issues concerning University undergraduate youths have become a cause for concern among stakeholders in the project called ‘education in Nigeria’. Such issues like expulsion from school due to examination malpractice or cultism, withdrawal due to poor academic performance and production of half-baked graduates have forced many concerned people to question the role of teachers as well as parent’s socio-economic background. The paper adopted a survey methodology to solicit responses from 150 final year University students (2012/2013) of Business Faculties in the north, east and west regions of Nigeria; using stratified proportionate random sampling. After data cleaning, 130 data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. One of the results indicated that student’s self-motivation (hard work) and rich parental socio-economic background are needed to achieve academic success; though self-motivation appears to be a more critical success factor. The paper recommended that the government and the authorities of Nigerian universities should intensify effort at counselling the students on the need to study hard in order to achieve academic success rather than relying on their parents’ socio-economic background. This will improve teaching and learning in Nigerian Universities. The study is limited to University Business Faculties in Nigeria. Future studies can investigate other tertiary institutions in Nigeria. © Canadian Center of Science and Education.	Academic performance; Self-motivation; Socio-economic background	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858303196	Evaluation of primary education studies programme in colleges of education in Southwest Nigeria	Babalola H.A., Yara P.O.	2011	Asian Social Science	7	6	10.5539/ass.v7n6p88	University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda	Babalola, H.A., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Yara, P.O., Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda	The study evaluated the extent to which the PES programme has achieved the objectives for which it was introduced into the colleges of education in South West Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey using the ex-post-facto type. Purposive sampling technique was used to select seven colleges of education where PES courses are offered in the South West. 1,563 participants comprising of 37 PES lecturers, 737 PES students, 690 primary school teachers and 99 head teachers and assistant head teachers from 60 primary schools were randomly selected from the Southwestern part of Nigeria. Six validated instruments (PESLQ, PESSQ, PSTQ, HTQ, IRTPES, TAS) were used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, mode, standard deviation, chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Regression analysis. The results revealed that the human and material resources were inadequate. PES lecturers used lecture and assignment methods of teaching very often. PES students obtained a positive multiple correlation (R=.528; P&lt;0.05), (F (3,736)=94.655, P&lt;0.05). PES students had positive attitude to PES programme (β=.486, t=16.804, P&gt;0.05) while primary school teachers' attitude and PES lecturers' attitude made contributions which were not significant to PES programme. Very few primary school teachers improvised instructional materials. Not all the objectives of PES have been achieved in the colleges of education in Southwest Nigeria. It is recommended that more qualified PES lecturers should be employed to teach PES courses and regular in-service training should be organised for them to enhance their productivity. Adequate facilities should be made available for PES courses in the colleges of education.	Attitude and South West Nigeria; Head teachers; Objectives evaluation; PES lecturers; PES students; Primary school teachers	None	None
WoS	WOS:000306624400004	Job rotation program evaluation: the Niger Delta University Library	Baro, Emmanuel E.	2012	ASLIB PROCEEDINGS	64	4	10.1108/00012531211244743	Niger Delta Univ	None	Purpose - Since 2004 the Niger Delta University Library has adopted a job rotation program to help solve manpower and skills acquisition problems. The study reported in this paper aimed to evaluate the Niger Delta University job rotation program, including the impact of the program on newly employed librarians and their job performance, and the university library. Design/methodology/approach - The study has two parts. Firstly, the paper reports results from focus group interviews with Niger Delta University librarians who participated in the job rotation program. Secondly, an interview was conducted with the Niger Delta University librarian who adopted the job rotation program to elicit insights into the impact and challenges of the library job rotation program. The Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick four-level evaluation framework was chosen to use as a framework for the evaluation of the responses. Findings- The study revealed that the job rotation program is an important program for allowing librarians to acquire new skills, enhance staff productivity, develop new relationships across the university library and gain skills needed for gain skills needed for future career advancement. The participants in the career advancement. The participants in the job rotation program who were interviewed showed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Practical implications - The findings of this study will inform library administrators or management about the adoption of job rotation programs in their libraries. Many university libraries have problems with a lack of skills experienced by new librarians and also as a staff development tool in the workplace. Originality/value - The paper calls for proactive effort by university libraries to adopt new strategies to enhance skills development for efficient productivity.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES","JOB MOBILITY","job rotation","library management",NIGERIA,"skills acquisition","skills flexibility"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000299437500004	A proposed methodology for contextualised evaluation in higher education	Belluigi, Dina Zoe,Nygaard, Claus	2011	ASSESSMENT &amp; EVALUATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION	36	6	10.1080/02602931003650037	Copenhagen Business School, Rhodes University	"Belluigi, Dina Zoe: Rhodes University","Nygaard, Claus: Copenhagen Business School"	This paper aims to inspire stakeholders working with quality of higher education (such as members of study boards, study programme directors, curriculum developers and teachers) to critically consider their evaluation methods in relation to a focus on student learning. We argue that many of the existing methods of evaluation in higher education are underpinned by a conception of learning that is de-contextualised. As a consequence, many data collection methods do not address aspects that affect students' learning. This is problematic because the core aim of higher education is to facilitate student learning. We propose a contextualised evaluation methodology, guided by 10 key questions, which can help evaluators address concepts and questions of student learning in their evaluations.	"contextualised learning",evaluation,FEEDBACK,methodology,WORK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69249172393	What should make up a final mark for a course? An investigation into the academic performance of first year bioscience students	Downs C.T.	2006	Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education	31	3	10.1080/02602930500352998	School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Downs, C.T., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Performance of individual students in a tertiary level course is usually reflected in a final mark that determines their progress and transfer to higher courses. The contributions of different types of assessment to this final mark vary greatly within and between subjects in and between institutions. Performance of students in a first year course, Bioscience at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (UKZN) was assessed to determine if there were any patterns emerging in the broad components that contributed to the final mark, namely the coursework, theory and practical examinations. Performance of students was compared in Bioscience 110 for the years 1995-2000 using Repeated Measures ANOVA. Students performed best in coursework. All students performed poorly in the theory examinations. In addition differential performance between students, particularly the performance of sub-groups within the class was investigated. Of particular interest were English second language (ESL) students, and previous Science Foundation Programme (SFP) students. The latter are mainly previously disadvantaged Black students. All sub-groups of students showed similar trends in performance in Bioscience assessment tasks and final marks. However, the SFP students' final marks were lower than the other sub-groups, and showed a decreased performance for the same period. Most students, excluding SFP students, fell in the 50-59% category for the final Bioscience 110 marks obtained for the period 1995-2000. Theory examinations were investigated further, and were analysed in their component parts, namely multiple choice (MCQ), short questions and essay. Students performed best and consistently in MCQ. In contrast, students performed poorly in the short question and essay sections. Although the different ethnic subgroupings showed similar trends in performance, the SFP students showed the poorest performance. In particular, they scored lowest in the theory examinations where they performed more poorly than the other sub-groupings in short questions and essays that require higher order cognitive skills. These patterns suggest that changes are required at the teaching, student and assessment interfaces. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549115074	Multi-dimensional evaluation for module improvement: A mathematics-based case study	Ellery K.	2006	Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education	31	1	10.1080/02602930500262445	School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Memorial Tower Building, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Ellery, K., School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Memorial Tower Building, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Due to a poor module evaluation, mediocre student grades and a difficult teaching experience in lectures, the Data Analysis section of a first year core module, Research Methods for Social Sciences (RMSS), offered at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, was completely revised. In order to review the effectiveness of these changes in terms of student learning, a wide range of formative and summative evaluation methods were implemented. These indicated that module revision had largely been successful, although a number of areas for further improvement were highlighted. An analysis of the nature of the feedback of each method emphasised the importance of using a multi-dimensional approach as a means of obtaining reliable, authentic and valid data. Based on the findings of the study a procedural framework for module evaluation that considers issues such as purpose, sources of information, timing, methods, resource availability, implementation, action and critical reflection, is proposed. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000235531800004	The social interaction of an adolescent who uses AAC: The evaluation of a peer-training program	Alant, E,Lilienfeld, M	2005	AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION	21	4	10.1080/07434610500103467	University of Pretoria	None	Challenges relating to social interactions of children who use AAC in school settings have been well documented. In this study, a peer-training program was designed and implemented with the Grade 8 peers of an adolescent who had severe physical disabilities and who used AAC. Interactions between the adolescent who used AAC and his classroom peers were investigated before and after implementation of the peer-training program, using a descriptive single case study. An analytical model to describe the interactions and potential changes in the interactions of adolescents who use AAC was developed. The model also included various measures to evaluate pertinent psychosocial factors of the interactions of a person using AAC with peers. Results of the observational data reflected an increase in the frequency of interactions as indicated by the number of messages per hour and the extent of the interactions as signified by an increase in the number of messages per interchange. Changes were also noted in terms of the discourse structures and communication functions achieved by the interactions, the modes of communication used by the adolescent who used AAC and the responses of his peer partners.	ADOLESCENCE,"Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)","communication competence","communication partners","PEER TRAINING",SELF-CONCEPT,"SOCIAL INTERACTION","voice output",COMMUNICATION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000307868900005	Collaborative e-learning course design: Impacts on instructors in the Open University of Tanzania	Nihuka, Kassimu A.,Voogt, Joke	2012	AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY	28	2	None	University of Twente, Open Univ Tanzania	"Voogt, Joke: University of Twente",	Efforts by universities in sub-Sahara Africa to promote professional development of instructors in course design and delivery by e-learning technologies have often lacked meaningful impacts. This study investigated the impact of collaborative course design on instructors' professional learning about design and delivery of e-learning courses at the Open University of Tanzania (OUT). Six Teacher Design Teams (TDTs), each with 2 instructors, participated in the study, redesigning their print-based courses using an offline Moodle LMS supported by emails and mobile phones. A total of 36 interviews were conducted with 12 instructors, after each of the two workshops and after the course redesign process. Results showed that despite challenges, instructors were satisfied with collaborative course design and they reported that the strategy contributed to their professional learning. Instructors' backgrounds determined the kinds of support needed during course design and delivery.	,CURRICULUM,PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT,STRATEGIES,TEACHERS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924145763	Development of a family physician impact assessment tool in the district health system of the Western Cape Province, South Africa	Pasio K.S., Mash R., Naledi T.	2014	BMC Family Practice	15	1	10.1186/s12875-014-0204-7	Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Health Programme, Department of Health, Western Cape Government, Western Cape, South Africa	Pasio, K.S., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Mash, R., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Naledi, T., Health Programme, Department of Health, Western Cape Government, Western Cape, South Africa	Background: Policy makers in Africa are ambivalent about the need for family physicians to strengthen district health services. Evidence on the impact of family physicians is therefore needed. The aim was to develop a tool to evaluate the impact of family physicians on district health services according to the six expected roles that have been defined nationally. Methods: Mixed methods were used to develop, validate, pilot and test the reliability of the tool in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. An expert panel validated the content and construction of the tool. The tool was piloted by 94 respondents who evaluated eight family physicians. Cronbach alpha scores were calculated to test the reliability of the tool. The impact of these family physicians in the pilot study was also analysed. Results: A draft tool was successfully developed, validated, and proved reliable (Cronbach alpha >0.8). The overall scores (scale of 1 4) were: Care provider = 3.5, Consultant = 3.4, Leader and champion of clinical governance = 3.4, Capacity builder = 3.3, Clinical trainer and supervisor = 3.2 and Champion of community-orientated primary care (COPC) = 3.1. The impact on COPC was significantly less than the impact of other roles (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Family Physician Impact Evaluation Tool can be used to measure the impact of family physicians in South Africa. The pilot study shows that the family physicians are having most impact in terms of clinical care and clinical governance, and a lesser impact in terms of clinical training, capacity-building and especially COPC.	Family physicians; Family practice; Physicians role; South africa; Validation studies	community care; general practitioner; health care policy; health service; human; organization and management; physician attitude; reproducibility; South Africa; validation study; Community Health Services; Health Policy; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Physician's Role; Physicians, Family; Reproducibility of Results; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939239085	Qualitative evaluation of primary care providers experiences of a training programme to offer brief behaviour change counselling on risk factors for non-communicable diseases in South Africa	Malan Z., Mash R., Everett-Murphy K.	2015	BMC Family Practice	16	1	10.1186/s12875-015-0318-6	Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Chronic Diseases Initiative in Africa (CDIA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P/Bag X 3, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa	Malan, Z., Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Mash, R., Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Everett-Murphy, K., Chronic Diseases Initiative in Africa (CDIA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P/Bag X 3, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The global epidemic of non-communicable disease (NCDs) has been linked with four modifiable risky lifestyle behaviours, namely smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and alcohol abuse. Primary care providers (PCPs) can play an important role in changing patient's risky behaviours. It is recommended that PCPs provide individual brief behaviour change counselling (BBCC) as part of everyday primary care. This study is part of a larger project that re-designed the current training for PCPs in South Africa, to offer a standardized approach to BBCC based on the 5 As and a guiding style. This article reports on a qualitative sub-study, which explored whether the training intervention changed PCPs perception of their confidence in their ability to offer BBCC, whether they believed that the new approach could overcome the barriers to implementation in clinical practice and be sustained, and their recommendations on future training and integration of BBCC into curricula and clinical practice. Methods: This was a qualitative study that used verbal feedback from participants at the beginning and end of the training course, and twelve individual in-depth interviews with participants once they had returned to their clinical practice. Results: Although PCP's confidence in their ability to counselling improved, and some thought that time constraints could be overcome, they still reported that understaffing, lack of support from within the facility and poor continuity of care were barriers to counselling. However, the current organisational culture was not congruent with the patient-centred guiding style of BBCC. Training should be incorporated into undergraduate curricula of PCPs for both nurses and doctors, to ensure that counselling skills are embedded from the start. Existing PCPs should be offered training as part of continued professional development programmes. Conclusions: This study showed that although training changed PCPs perception of their ability to offer BBCC, and increased their confidence to overcome certain barriers to implementation, significant barriers remained. It is clear that to incorporate BBCC into everyday care, not only training, but also a whole systems approach is needed, that involves the patient, provider, and service organisation at different levels. © 2015 Malan et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938553397	Improving treatment adherence for blood pressure lowering via mobile phone SMS-messages in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the SMS-text Adherence SuppoRt (StAR) trial Service organization, utilization, and delivery of care	Leon N., Surender R., Bobrow K., Muller J., Farmer A.	2015	BMC Family Practice	16	1	10.1186/s12875-015-0289-7	Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Fransie Van Zyl Drive P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom; Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Oxford, United Kingdom	Leon, N., Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Fransie Van Zyl Drive P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Surender, R., Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom; Bobrow, K., Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Oxford, United Kingdom; Muller, J., Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Fransie Van Zyl Drive P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Farmer, A., Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Oxford, United Kingdom	Background: Effective use of proven treatments for high blood pressure, a preventable health risk, is challenging for many patients. Prompts via mobile phone SMS-text messaging may improve adherence to clinic visits and treatment, though more research is needed on impact and patient perceptions of such support interventions, especially in low-resource settings. Method: An individually-randomised controlled trial in a primary care clinic in Cape Town (2012-14), tested the effect of an adherence support intervention delivered via SMS-texts, on blood pressure control and adherence to medication, for hypertensive patients. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02019823). We report on a qualitative evaluation that explored the trial participants' experiences and responses to the SMS-text messages, and identified barriers and facilitators to delivering adherence support via patients' own mobile phones. Two focus groups and fifteen individual interviews were conducted. We used comparative and thematic analysis approaches to identify themes and triangulated our analysis amongst three researchers. Results: Most participants were comfortable with the technology of using SMS-text messages. Messages were experienced as acceptable, relevant and useful to a broad range of participants. The SMS-content, the respectful tone and the delivery (timing of reminders and frequency) and the relational aspect of trial participation (feeling cared for) were all highly valued. A subgroup who benefitted the most, were those who had been struggling with adherence due to high levels of personal stress. The intervention appeared to coincide with their readiness for change, and provided practical and emotional support for improving adherence behaviour. Change may have been facilitated through increased acknowledgement of their health status and attitudinal change towards greater self-responsibility. Complex interaction of psycho-social stressors and health service problems were reported as broader challenges to adherence behaviours. Conclusion: Adherence support for treatment of raised blood pressure, delivered via SMS-text message on the patient's own phone, was found to be acceptable, relevant and helpful, even for those who already had their own reminder systems in place. Our findings begin to identify for whom and what core elements of the SMS-text message intervention appear to work best in a low-resource operational setting, issues that future research should explore in greater depth. © 2015 Leon et al.	Adherence; Blood pressure treatment; Hypertension; low-and middle-income countries primary-care; mHealth; Mobile phone-based SMS-messages; qualitative methodology, patient perspective; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951553023	Genetic monitoring detects an overlooked cryptic species and reveals the diversity and distribution of three invasive Rattus congeners in south Africa	Bastos A.D., Nair D., Taylor P.J., Brettschneider H., Kirsten F., Mostert E., von Maltitz E., Lamb J.M., van Hooft P., Belmain S.R., Contrafatto G., Downs S., Chimimba C.T.	2011	BMC Genetics	12	None	10.1186/1471-2156-12-26	Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P/Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Bastos, A.D., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Nair, D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Taylor, P.J., Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P/Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Brettschneider, H., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; Kirsten, F., ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Mostert, E., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; von Maltitz, E., ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Lamb, J.M., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; van Hooft, P., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; Belmain, S.R., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Contrafatto, G., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Downs, S., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Chimimba, C.T., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Background: South Africa's long and extensive trade activity has ensured ample opportunities for exotic species introduction. Whereas the rich biodiversity of endemic southern African fauna has been the focus of many studies, invasive vertebrates are generally overlooked despite potential impacts on biodiversity, health and agriculture. Genetic monitoring of commensal rodents in South Africa which uncovered the presence of Rattus tanezumi, a South-East Asian endemic not previously known to occur in Africa, provided the impetus for expanded studies on all invasive Rattus species present.Results: To this end, intensified sampling at 28 South African localities and at one site in Swaziland, identified 149 Rattus specimens. Cytochrome b gene sequencing revealed the presence of two R. tanezumi, seven Rattus rattus and five Rattus norvegicus haplotypes in south Africa. Phylogenetic results were consistent with a single, recent R. tanezumi introduction and indicated that R. norvegicus and R. rattus probably became established following at least two and three independent introductions, respectively. Intra- and inter-specific diversity was highest in informal human settlements, with all three species occurring at a single metropolitan township site. Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus each occurred sympatrically with Rattus tanezumi at one and five sites, respectively. Karyotyping of selected R. rattus and R. tanezumi individuals identified diploid numbers consistent with those reported previously for these cryptic species. Ordination of bioclimatic variables and MaxEnt ecological niche modelling confirmed that the bioclimatic niche occupied by R. tanezumi in south Africa was distinct from that occupied in its naturalised range in south-east Asia suggesting that factors other than climate may influence the distribution of this species.Conclusions: This study has highlighted the value of genetic typing for detecting cryptic invasive species, providing historical insights into introductions and for directing future sampling. The apparent ease with which a cryptic species can become established signals the need for broader implementation of genetic monitoring programmes. In addition to providing baseline data and potentially identifying high-risk introduction routes, the predictive power of ecological niche modelling is enhanced when species records are genetically verified. © 2011 Bastos et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; biodiversity; climate; diploidy; ecological niche; gene sequence; genetic identification; genetic variability; genetics; haplotype; karyotype; monitoring; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; rat; Rattus tanezumi; rodent; South Africa; Southeast Asia; species invasion; unindexed sequence; Africa south of the Sahara; animal; classification; genetics; introduced species; phylogeography; rat; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus; Rattus tanezumi; Rodentia; Vertebrata; cytochrome b; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Biodiversity; Cytochromes b; Introduced Species; Phylogeography; Rats; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56749170890	Linking gene regulation and the exo-metabolome: A comparative transcriptomics approach to identify genes that impact on the production of volatile aroma compounds in yeast	Rossouw D., Næs T., Bauer F.F.	2008	BMC Genomics	9	None	10.1186/1471-2164-9-530	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Centre for Biospectroscopy and Data Modelling, NOFIMA FOOD, Matforsk AS, Oslovegen 1, 1430 Ås, Norway	Rossouw, D., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Næs, T., Centre for Biospectroscopy and Data Modelling, NOFIMA FOOD, Matforsk AS, Oslovegen 1, 1430 Ås, Norway; Bauer, F.F., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Background: 'Omics' tools provide novel opportunities for system-wide analysis of complex cellular functions. Secondary metabolism is an example of a complex network of biochemical pathways, which, although well mapped from a biochemical point of view, is not well understood with regards to its physiological roles and genetic and biochemical regulation. Many of the metabolites produced by this network such as higher alcohols and esters are significant aroma impact compounds in fermentation products, and different yeast strains are known to produce highly divergent aroma profiles. Here, we investigated whether we can predict the impact of specific genes of known or unknown function on this metabolic network by combining whole transcriptome and partial exo-metabolome analysis. Results: For this purpose, the gene expression levels of five different industrial wine yeast strains that produce divergent aroma profiles were established at three different time points of alcoholic fermentation in synthetic wine must. A matrix of gene expression data was generated and integrated with the concentrations of volatile aroma compounds measured at the same time points. This relatively unbiased approach to the study of volatile aroma compounds enabled us to identify candidate genes for aroma profile modification. Five of these genes, namely YMR210W, BAT1, AAD10, AAD14 and ACS1 were selected for overexpression in commercial wine yeast, VIN13. Analysis of the data show a statistically significant correlation between the changes in the exo-metabome of the overexpressing strains and the changes that were predicted based on the unbiased alignment of transcriptomic and exo-metabolomic data. Conclusion: The data suggest that a comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics approach can be used to identify the metabolic impacts of the expression of individual genes in complex systems, and the amenability of transcriptomic data to direct applications of biotechnological relevance. © 2008 Rossouw et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	fungal protein; protein AAD10; protein AAD14; protein acs1; protein bat1; protein YMR210W; transcriptome; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound; article; controlled study; fermentation; fungal genetics; fungal metabolism; fungal strain; gene control; gene expression; gene identification; gene overexpression; metabolomics; nonhuman; prediction; transcriptomics; wine; yeast; comparative study; DNA microarray; fungal gene; gene expression profiling; gene expression regulation; genetics; metabolism; metabolome; methodology; microbiology; multivariate analysis; odor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; time; Fermentation; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genes, Fungal; Industrial Microbiology; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Multivariate Analysis; Odors; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Time Factors; Volatile Organic Compounds; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942190785	The effect of performance-based financing on illness, care-seeking and treatment among children: An impact evaluation in Rwanda	Skiles M.P., Curtis S.L., Basinga P., Angeles G., Thirumurthy H.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-1033-7	Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Global Health Program, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States; Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda; Department Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Skiles, M.P., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Curtis, S.L., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Basinga, P., Global Health Program, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda; Angeles, G., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Thirumurthy, H., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Background: Performance-based financing (PBF) strategies are promoted as a supply-side, results-based financing mechanism to improve primary health care. This study estimated the effects of Rwanda's PBF program on less-incentivized child health services and examined the differential program impact by household poverty. Methods: Districts were allocated to intervention and comparison for PBF implementation in Rwanda. Using Demographic Health Survey data from 2005 to 2007-08, a community-level panel dataset of 5781 children less than 5 years of age from intervention and comparison districts was created. The impacts of PBF on reported childhood illness, facility care-seeking, and treatment received were estimated using a difference-in-differences model with community fixed effects. An interaction term between poverty and the program was estimated to identify the differential effect of PBF among children from poorer families. Results: There was no measurable difference in estimated probability of reporting illness with diarrhea, fever or acute respiratory infections between the intervention and comparison groups. Seeking care at a facility for these illnesses increased over time, however no differential effect by PBF was seen. The estimated effect of PBF on receipt of treatment for poor children is 45 percentage points higher (p∈=∈0.047) compared to the non-poor children seeking care for diarrhea or fever. Conclusions: PBF, a supply-side incentive program, improved the quality of treatment received by poor children conditional on patients seeking care, but it did not impact the propensity to seek care. These findings provide additional evidence that PBF incentivizes the critical role staff play in assuring quality services, but does little to influence consumer demand for these services. Efforts to improve child health need to address both supply and demand, with additional attention to barriers due to poverty if equity in service use is a concern. © 2015 Skiles et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935875127	A program evaluation report of a rapid scale-up of a high-volume medical male circumcision site, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2010-2013 Health systems and services in low and middle income settings	Wynn A., Bristow C.C., Ross D., Schenker I., Klausner J.D.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0904-2	Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; St Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill KZN, Johannesburg, South Africa; Operation Abraham Collaborative, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 9911 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Wynn, A., Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bristow, C.C., Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Ross, D., St Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill KZN, Johannesburg, South Africa; Schenker, I., Operation Abraham Collaborative, Jerusalem, Israel; Klausner, J.D., Department of Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 9911 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Background: Male circumcision can provide life-long reduction in the risk of acquiring HIV infection. In South Africa, the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department of Health committed to rolling out circumcision programs to address the HIV epidemic. The Department of Health enlisted the help of St. Mary's Hospital in Mariannhill and the Operation Abraham Collaborative. Methods: St. Mary's Hospital and the Operation Abraham Collaborative partnered to establish a voluntary medical male circumcision facility, called Asiphile, and to train surgeons, nurses and health clinic staff to serve KwaZulu-Natal. Results: Over the course of the implementation period, 9,980 circumcisions were conducted at the Asiphile facility. The uptake numbers increased throughout 2010 and 2011 and began to level off as the demand of early adopters may have been met. Uptake spiked during school vacations and staff training sessions. Additionally, 92 % of clients returned for post-operation follow-up and only 2 % of clients experienced any adverse event. Conclusion: St. Mary's Hospital and the Operation Abraham Collaborative were able to cooperate and successfully implement a voluntary medical male circumcision facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Although uptake was lower than projected, lessons learned from efforts to overcome challenges in recruitment, transportation, and coordination can help inform and improve new and existing population-based male circumcision programs. © 2015 Wynn et al.	AIDS; HIV; Male circumcision; South Africa; Uptake	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883851015	Assessing the implementation of performance management of health care workers in Uganda	Lutwama G.W., Roos J.H., Dolamo B.L.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-355	Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Lutwama, G.W., Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa; Roos, J.H., Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa; Dolamo, B.L., Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Background: The performance management concept is relatively new to the Ugandan health sector. Uganda has been implementing health sector reforms for nearly two decades. The reforms included the introduction of the results-oriented management in the public sector and the decentralisation of the management of health care workers from central to local governments. This study examined the implementation of performance management of health care workers in order to propose strategies for improvement. Methods. The study was a descriptive survey carried out in the Kumi, Mbale, Sironko and Tororo districts and utilising mixed research methodology. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the health care workers. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect qualitative data from the health service managers. The sample for the quantitative method was selected using stratified random sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select health service managers. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 18.0). Qualitative data were categorised according to the themes and analysed manually. Results: The findings show that to some extent performance management is implemented in the health sector; however, there were loopholes in its implementation. There were inadequacies in setting performance targets and performance management planning was hardly done. Although many health care workers had job descriptions, the performance indicators and standards were not clearly defined and known to all workers and managers. Additionally the schedules for performance assessments were not always adhered to. There were limited prospects for career progression, inadequate performance feedback and poor rewarding mechanisms. Conclusions: Performance management of health care workers is inadequately done in the districts. Performance management is a key component of attempts to improve health sector outcomes. As a result of this study, suggestions to enhance health sector performance management in the districts have been put forward. The authors are optimistic that if these suggestions are implemented, the performance of health care workers is likely to improve. © 2013 Lutwama et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Health care workers; Performance improvement; Performance management; Performance measurement; Performance review	adult; article; female; health care personnel; health care quality; human; interview; male; methodology; middle aged; organization and management; personnel management; program evaluation; questionnaire; total quality management; Uganda; Adult; Employee Performance Appraisal; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Personnel Management; Program Evaluation; Quality Improvement; Quality of Health Care; Questionnaires; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927934926	Health worker perspectives on barriers to delivery of routine tuberculosis diagnostic evaluation services in Uganda: A qualitative study to guide clinic-based interventions	Cattamanchi A., Miller C.R., Tapley A., Haguma P., Ochom E., Ackerman S., Davis J.L., Katamba A., Handley M.A.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-014-0668-0	Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States; Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda	Cattamanchi, A., Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Miller, C.R., Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Tapley, A., School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Haguma, P., Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Ochom, E., Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Ackerman, S., Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Davis, J.L., Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Handley, M.A., School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Background: Studies of the quality of tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic evaluation of patients in high burden countries have generally shown poor adherence to international or national guidelines. Health worker perspectives on barriers to improving TB diagnostic evaluation are critical for developing clinic-level interventions to improve guideline implementation. Methods: We conducted structured, in-depth interviews with staff at six district-level health centers in Uganda to elicit their perceptions regarding barriers to TB evaluation. Interviews were transcribed, coded with a standardized framework, and analyzed to identify emergent themes. We used thematic analysis to develop a logic model depicting health system and contextual barriers to recommended TB evaluation practices. To identify possible clinic-level interventions to improve TB evaluation, we categorized findings into predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors as described by the PRECEDE model, focusing on potentially modifiable behaviors at the clinic-level. Results: We interviewed 22 health center staff between February 2010 and November 2011. Participants identified key health system barriers hindering TB evaluation, including: stock-outs of drugs/supplies, inadequate space and infrastructure, lack of training, high workload, low staff motivation, and poor coordination of health center services. Contextual barrier challenges to TB evaluation were also reported, including the time and costs borne by patients to seek and complete TB evaluation, poor health literacy, and stigma against patients with TB. These contextual barriers interacted with health system barriers to contribute to sub-standard TB evaluation. Examples of intervention strategies that could address these barriers and are related to PRECEDE model components include: assigned mentors/peer coaching for new staff (targets predisposing factor of low motivation and need for support to conduct job duties); facilitated workshops to implement same day microscopy (targets enabling factor of patient barriers to completing TB evaluation), and recognition/incentives for good TB screening practices (targets low motivation and self-efficacy). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that health system and contextual barriers work together to impede TB diagnosis at health centers and, if not addressed, could hinder TB case detection efforts. Qualitative research that improves understanding of the barriers facing TB providers is critical to developing targeted interventions to improve TB care. © 2015 Cattamanchi et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Barriers; Diagnosis; PRECEDE; Provider behavior; Qualitative research; Tuberculosis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897618941	Factors influencing performance of health workers in the management of seriously sick children at a Kenyan tertiary hospital - Participatory action research	Irimu G.W., Greene A., Gathara D., Kihara H., Maina C., Mbori-Ngacha D., Zurovac D., Migiro S., English M.	2014	BMC Health Services Research	14	None	10.1186/1472-6963-14-59	Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230 Kilifi, Nairobi, Kenya; Child Health, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom; Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Division of Child Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom	Irimu, G.W., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230 Kilifi, Nairobi, Kenya; Greene, A., Child Health, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Gathara, D., Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230 Kilifi, Nairobi, Kenya; Kihara, H., Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Maina, C., Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbori-Ngacha, D., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Zurovac, D., Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230 Kilifi, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, CCVTM, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom, Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Migiro, S., Division of Child Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; English, M., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230 Kilifi, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom	Background: Implementation of World Health Organization case management guidelines for serious childhood illnesses remains a challenge in hospitals in low-income countries. Facilitators of and barriers to implementation of locally adapted clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have not been explored. Methods. This ethnographic study based on the theory of participatory action research (PAR) was conducted in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya's largest teaching hospital. The primary intervention consisted of dissemination of locally adapted CPGs. The PRECEDE-PROCEED health education model was used as the conceptual framework to guide and examine further reinforcement activities to improve the uptake of the CPGs. Activities focussed on introduction of routine clinical audits and tailored educational sessions. Data were collected by a participant observer who also facilitated the PAR over an eighteen-month period. Naturalistic inquiry was utilized to obtain information from all hospital staff encountered while theoretical sampling allowed in-depth exploration of emerging issues. Data were analysed using interpretive description. Results: Relevance of the CPGs to routine work and emergence of a champion of change facilitated uptake of best-practices. Mobilization of basic resources was relatively easily undertaken while activities that required real intellectual and professional engagement of the senior staff were a challenge. Accomplishments of the PAR were largely with the passive rather than active involvement of the hospital management. Barriers to implementation of best-practices included i) mismatch between the hospital's vision and reality, ii) poor communication, iii) lack of objective mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating quality of clinical care, iv) limited capacity for planning strategic change, v) limited management skills to introduce and manage change, vi) hierarchical relationships, and vii) inadequate adaptation of the interventions to the local context. Conclusions: Educational interventions, often regarded as 'quick-fixes' to improve care in low-income countries, may be necessary but are unlikely to be sufficient to deliver improved services. We propose that an understanding of organizational issues that influence the behaviour of individual health professionals should guide and inform the implementation of best-practices. © 2014 Irimu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Clinical audits; Clinical practice guidelines; Continuous medical educational sessions; ETAT+; Ethnographic study; Implementation of best-practices; Interpretive description; Participant observer; Participatory action research; Performance of health worke	child; epidemiology; health care quality; health services research; hospital personnel; human; interpersonal communication; Kenya; medical audit; organization and management; practice guideline; practice guideline; procedures; standards; tertiary care center; Child; Communication; Guideline Adherence; Health Services Research; Humans; Kenya; Medical Audit; Personnel, Hospital; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Health Care; Tertiary Care Centers	084538, Wellcome Trust; 097170, Wellcome Trust; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874532428	How do health workers perceive and practice monitoring and evaluation of malaria control interventions in South-east Nigeria?	Mbachu C.O., Uzochukwu B.S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ilika A.L., Oranuba J.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-81	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Health Administration and Managem	Mbachu, C.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria, Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria; Uzochukwu, B.S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria, Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria, Department of Health Administration and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Onwujekwe, O.E., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria, Department of Health Administration and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ilika, A.L., Ministry of Health, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Oranuba, J., Ministry of Health, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	Background: The Anambra state Malaria Control Booster Project (ANMCBP) depends on an effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to continuously improve the implementation of the malaria control interventions. However, it is not clear how the health workers that are expected to be the fulcrum of the malaria M&E perceive and practise M&E. The study was carried out to determine the knowledge, perception, and practice of Malaria M&E among selected health staff, and to identify related socio-demographic factors, including cadre of staff. Methods. A semi-structured questionnaire and an observation checklist were used to collect information from selected health workers in public primary health centres in all 21 local government areas of the State. Multistage sampling technique was used in selection of respondents. The questionnaire explored knowledge, perception and practice of malaria M&E from 213 health workers. The observation checklist was used to record the actual practice of malaria M&E as observed by trained supervisors. Results: Over 80% of health workers interviewed were able to correctly identify the malaria M&E forms; 25.4% knew the basis for categorizing Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) into ACT1 - ACT4; 97.6% of the respondents felt there was need to keep proper records to have information available and 7.5% of them kept records because they were asked to do so. Over 90% of respondents reported correct practice of M&E, but on verification of actual practice, 55.6% of the respondents had at least one wrongly filled form, and half of these had none of their forms properly filled; about 68.4% of respondents had met specified timeline for data transmission. Differences observed in knowledge, perception and practice of M&E across age categories and cadres were only significant in ability to identify malaria M&E forms; diagnosis of malaria based on blood film microscopy result; perception of how age should be recorded; and reported practice of keeping data till they are requested. Among lower cadre of staff, gaps still exist in knowledge, perception and practice of malaria M&E. Conclusions: Gaps still exist in health workers' understanding of malaria data management, perception of efficient data transmission and observed practice of malaria M&E. © 2013 Mbachu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Health workers; Knowledge; M&E; Malaria; Monitoring and evaluation; Perception; Practice	adult; article; checklist; disease eradication; female; health care personnel; health personnel attitude; health survey; human; infection control; malaria; male; middle aged; Nigeria; organization and management; psychological aspect; questionnaire; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Checklist; Communicable Disease Control; Disease Eradication; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Population Surveillance; Questionnaires; Young Adult	None
None	None	Protocol for the evaluation of a free health insurance card scheme for poor pregnant women in Mbeya region in Tanzania: A controlled-before and after study	Borghi J., Ramsey K., Kuwawenaruwa A., Baraka J., Patouillard E., Bellows B., Binyaruka P., Manzi F.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0905-1	Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Borghi, J., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Ramsey, K., Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Kuwawenaruwa, A., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Baraka, J., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Patouillard, E., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Bellows, B., Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya; Binyaruka, P., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Manzi, F., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Background: The use of demand-side financing mechanisms to increase health service utilisation among target groups and enhance service quality is gaining momentum in many low- and middle-income countries. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of such schemes on equity, financial protection, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness. A scheme providing free health insurance cards to poor pregnant women and their households was first introduced in two regions of Tanzania in 2011 and gradually expanded in 2012. Methods: A controlled before and after study will examine in one district the effect of the scheme on utilization, quality, and cost of healthcare services accessed by poor pregnant women and their households in Tanzania. Data will be collected 4 months before implementation of the scheme and 17 months after the start of implementation from a survey of 24 health facilities, 288 patients exiting consultations and 1500 households of women who delivered in the previous year in one intervention district (Mbarali). 288 observations of provider-client interactions will also be carried out. The same data will be collected from a comparison district in a nearby region. A process evaluation will ascertain how the scheme is implemented in practice and the level of implementation fidelity and potential moderators. The process evaluation will draw from impact evaluation data and from three rounds of data collection at the national, regional, district, facility and community levels. An economic evaluation will measure the cost-effectiveness of the scheme relative to current practice from a societal perspective. Discussion: This evaluation will generate evidence on the impact and cost-effectiveness of targeted health insurance for pregnant women in a low income setting, as well as building a better understanding of the implementation process and challenges for programs of this nature. © 2015 Borghi et al.	Demand-side financing; Economic evaluation; Health insurance; Impact evaluation; Maternal health; Poverty; Process evaluation	None	None
None	None	Health workers' performance in the implementation of Patient Centred Tuberculosis Treatment (PCT) strategy under programmatic conditions in Tanzania: A cross sectional study	Mkopi A., Range N., Amuri M., Geubbels E., Lwilla F., Egwaga S., Schulze A., Van Leth F.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-101	Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, Basel, Switzerland; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands; Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Mkopi, A., Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Range, N., National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Amuri, M., Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Geubbels, E., Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lwilla, F., Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Egwaga, S., National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Schulze, A., Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, Basel, Switzerland; Van Leth, F., KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands, Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Background: Patient Centred Tuberculosis Treatment (PCT) is a promising treatment delivery strategy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). It aims to improve adherence to treatment by giving patients the choice of having drug intake supervised at the health facility by a medical professional or at home by a supporter of their choice. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in three districts of Tanzania during October 2007, one year after PCT was rolled out nationally. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to assess whether key elements of the PCT approach were being implemented, to evaluate supporters' knowledge, to capture opinions on factors contributing to treatment completion, and to assess how treatment completion was measured. Transcripts from open-ended responses were analysed using framework analysis. Results: Interviews were conducted with 127 TB patients, 107 treatment supporters and 70 health workers. In total, 25.2% of TB patients were not given a choice about the place of treatment by health workers, and only 13.7% of those given a choice reported that they were given adequate time to make their decision. Only 24.3% of treatment supporters confirmed that they were instructed how to complete patients' treatment cards. Proper health education was the factor most frequently reported by health workers as favouring successful completion of TB treatment (45.7%). The majority of health workers (68.6%) said they checked returned blister packs to verify whether patients had taken their treatment, but only 20.0% checked patients' treatment cards. Conclusions: The provision of choice of treatment location, information on treatment, and guidance for treatment supporters need to be improved. There is a requirement for regular re-training of health workers with effective supportive supervision if successful implementation of the PCT approach is to be sustained. © 2013 Mkopi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Directly observed treatment; Home-based; Patient centred treatment; PCT; Tanzania; TB	adult; article; cross-sectional study; directly observed therapy; female; health care quality; human; lung tuberculosis; male; medication compliance; paramedical personnel; patient care; patient participation; professional competence; qualitative research; questionnaire; Tanzania; Adult; Allied Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Directly Observed Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Professional Competence; Qualitative Research; Quality of Health Care; Questionnaires; Tanzania; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
None	None	Vitamin A supplementation in Tanzania: The impact of a change in programmatic delivery strategy on coverage	Masanja H., Schellenberg J.A., Mshinda H.M., Shekar M., Mugyabuso J.K.L., Ndossi G.D., De Savigny D.	2006	BMC Health Services Research	6	None	10.1186/1472-6963-6-142	Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Human Development Network (HDNHE), World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Helen Keller International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Masanja, H., Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania, Department of Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Schellenberg, J.A., Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania, Department of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Mshinda, H.M., Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Shekar, M., Human Development Network (HDNHE), World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Mugyabuso, J.K.L., Helen Keller International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ndossi, G.D., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; De Savigny, D., Department of Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Background: Efficient delivery strategies for health interventions are essential for high and sustainable coverage. We report impact of a change in programmatic delivery strategy from routine delivery through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI+) approach to twice-yearly mass distribution campaigns on coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Tanzania Methods: We investigated disparities in age, sex, socio-economic status, nutritional status and maternal education within vitamin A coverage in children between 1 and 2 years of age from two independent household level child health surveys conducted (1) during a continuous universal targeting scheme based on routine EPI contacts for children aged 9, 15 and 21 months (1999); and (2) three years later after the introduction of twice-yearly vitamin A supplementation campaigns for children aged 6 months to 5 years, a 6-monthly universal targeting scheme (2002). A representative cluster sample of approximately 2,400 rural households was obtained from Rufiji, Morogoro Rural, Kilombero and Ulanga districts. A modular questionnaire about the health of all children under the age of five was administered to consenting heads of households and caretakers of children. Information on the use of child health interventions including vitamin A was asked. Results: Coverage of vitamin A supplementation among 1-2 year old children increased from 13% [95% CI 10-18%] in 1999 to 76% [95%CI 72-81%] in 2002. In 2002 knowledge of two or more child health danger signs was negatively associated with vitamin A supplementation coverage (80% versus 70%) (p = 0.04). Nevertheless, we did not find any disparities in coverage of vitamin A by district, gender, socio-economic status and DPT vaccinations. Conclusion: Change in programmatic delivery of vitamin A supplementation was associated with a major improvement in coverage in Tanzania that was been sustained by repeated campaigns for at least three years. There is a need to monitor the effect of such campaigns on the routine health system and on equity of coverage. Documentation of vitamin A supplementation campaign contacts on routine maternal and child health cards would be a simple step to facilitate this monitoring. © 2006 Masanja et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	retinol; retinol; article; child health; controlled study; cost; health program; health survey; human; preschool child; questionnaire; Tanzania; vitamin supplementation; attitude to health; diet supplementation; economics; evaluation study; health care survey; infant; insurance; nutritional status; organization and management; preventive health service; primary health care; procedures; socioeconomics; supply and distribution; utilization; Vitamin A Deficiency; Child, Preschool; Dietary Supplements; Health Care Surveys; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Immunization Programs; Infant; Nutritional Status; Primary Health Care; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors; Tanzania; Universal Coverage; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899987684	Design of an impact evaluation using a mixed methods model - An explanatory assessment of the effects of results-based financing mechanisms on maternal healthcare services in Malawi	Brenner S., Muula A.S., Robyn P.J., Bärnighausen T., Sarker M., Mathanga D.P., Bossert T., De Allegri M.	2014	BMC Health Services Research	14	1	10.1186/1472-6963-14-180	Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa	Brenner, S., Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Muula, A.S., Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Robyn, P.J., World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Bärnighausen, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Sarker, M., Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Mathanga, D.P., Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Bossert, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; De Allegri, M., Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany	Background: In this article we present a study design to evaluate the causal impact of providing supply-side performance-based financing incentives in combination with a demand-side cash transfer component on equitable access to and quality of maternal and neonatal healthcare services. This intervention is introduced to selected emergency obstetric care facilities and catchment area populations in four districts in Malawi. We here describe and discuss our study protocol with regard to the research aims, the local implementation context, and our rationale for selecting a mixed methods explanatory design with a quasi-experimental quantitative component. Design. The quantitative research component consists of a controlled pre- and post-test design with multiple post-test measurements. This allows us to quantitatively measure 'equitable access to healthcare services' at the community level and 'healthcare quality' at the health facility level. Guided by a theoretical framework of causal relationships, we determined a number of input, process, and output indicators to evaluate both intended and unintended effects of the intervention. Overall causal impact estimates will result from a difference-in-difference analysis comparing selected indicators across intervention and control facilities/catchment populations over time. To further explain heterogeneity of quantitatively observed effects and to understand the experiential dimensions of financial incentives on clients and providers, we designed a qualitative component in line with the overall explanatory mixed methods approach. This component consists of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with providers, service user, non-users, and policy stakeholders. In this explanatory design comprehensive understanding of expected and unexpected effects of the intervention on both access and quality will emerge through careful triangulation at two levels: across multiple quantitative elements and across quantitative and qualitative elements. Discussion. Combining a traditional quasi-experimental controlled pre- and post-test design with an explanatory mixed methods model permits an additional assessment of organizational and behavioral changes affecting complex processes. Through this impact evaluation approach, our design will not only create robust evidence measures for the outcome of interest, but also generate insights on how and why the investigated interventions produce certain intended and unintended effects and allows for a more in-depth evaluation approach. © 2014 Brenner et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Impact evaluation; Mixed methods; Performance-based incentives; Study design	economics; evaluation study; female; health service; human; Malawi; reimbursement; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Malawi; Maternal Health Services; Reimbursement, Incentive	University of Heidelberg
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953814667	Reproductive health services for populations at high risk of HIV: Performance of a night clinic in Tete province, Mozambique	Lafort Y., Geelhoed D., Cumba L., Lzaro C.D.D.M., Delva W., Luchters S., Temmerman M.	2010	BMC Health Services Research	10	None	10.1186/1472-6963-10-144	International Centre for Reproductive Health, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Provincial Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Tete, Mozambique; South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Lafort, Y., International Centre for Reproductive Health, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Geelhoed, D., International Centre for Reproductive Health, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Cumba, L., Provincial Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Tete, Mozambique; Lzaro, C.D.D.M., Provincial Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Tete, Mozambique; Delva, W., International Centre for Reproductive Health, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Luchters, S., International Centre for Reproductive Health, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Temmerman, M., International Centre for Reproductive Health, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium	Background. Different models exist to provide HIV/STI services for most-at-risk populations (MARP). Along the Tete traffic corridor in Mozambique, linking Malawi and Zimbabwe, a night clinic opening between 4 and 10 PM was established targeting female sex workers (FSW) and long-distance truck drivers (LDD). The clinic offers free individual education and counselling, condoms, STI care, HIV testing, contraceptive services and outreach peer education. To evaluate this clinic model, we assessed relevance, service utilisation, efficiency and sustainability. Methods. In 2007-2009, mapping and enumeration of FSW and LDD was conducted; 28 key informants were interviewed; 6 focus group discussions (FGD) were held with FSW from Mozambique and Zimbabwe, and LDD from Mozambique and Malawi. Clinic outputs and costs were analysed. Results. An estimated 4,415 FSW work in the area, or 9% of women aged 15-49, and on average 66 trucks stay overnight near the clinic. Currently on average, 475 clients/month visit the clinic (43% for contraception, 24% for counselling and testing and 23% for STI care). The average clinic running cost is US$ 1408/month, mostly for human resources. All informants endorsed this clinic concept and the need to expand the services. FGD participants reported high satisfaction with the services and mentioned good reception by the health staff, short waiting times, proximity and free services as most important. Participants were in favour of expanding the range of services, the geographical coverage and the opening times. Conclusions. Size of the target population, satisfaction of clients and endorsement by health policy makers justify maintaining a separate clinic for MARP. Cost-effectiveness may be enhanced by broadening the range of SRHR-HIV/AIDS services, adapting opening times, expanding geographical coverage and targeting additional MARP. Long-term sustainability remains challenging and requires private-public partnerships or continued project-based funding. © 2010 Lafort et al.	None	adolescent; adult; article; attitude to health; female; health care delivery; health care quality; health education; health service; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; middle aged; motor vehicle; Mozambique; organization and management; patient satisfaction; prostitution; sexual behavior; statistics; traffic and transport; utilization review; vulnerable population; Adolescent; Adult; After-Hours Care; Attitude to Health; Contraception Behavior; Efficiency, Organizational; Female; Health Education; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Vehicles; Mozambique; Patient Satisfaction; Prostitution; Quality of Health Care; Reproductive Health Services; Transportation; Utilization Review; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult	None
None	None	Does training on performance based financing make a difference in performance and quality of health care delivery? Health care provider's perspective in Rungwe Tanzania	Manongi R., Mushi D., Kessy J., Salome S., Njau B.	2014	BMC Health Services Research	14	None	10.1186/1472-6963-14-154	Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P. O. Box 3010, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania	Manongi, R., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P. O. Box 3010, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Mushi, D., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Kessy, J., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Salome, S., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P. O. Box 3010, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Njau, B., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P. O. Box 3010, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania	Background: In recent years, Performance Based Financing (PBF); a form of result based financing, has attracted a global attention in health systems in developing countries. PBF promotes autonomous health facilities, motivates and introduces financial incentives to motivate health facilities and health workers to attain pre-determined targets. To achieve this, the Tanzanian government through the Christian Social Services Commission initiated a PBF pilot project in Rungwe district, Mbeya region. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center was given the role of training health workers on PBF principles in Rungwe. The aim of this study was to explore health care providers' perception on a three years training on PBF principles in a PBF pilot project at Rungwe District in Mbeya, Tanzania. Methods. This was an explorative qualitative study, which took place at Rungwe PBF pilot area in October 2012. Twenty six (26) participants were purposively selected. Six took part in- depth interviews (IDIs) and twenty (20) in the group discussions. Both the IDIs and the GDs explored the perceived benefit and challenges of implementing PBF in their workplace. Data were manually analyzed using content analysis approach. Results: Overall informants had positive perspectives on PBF training. Most of the health facilities were able to implement some of the PBF concepts in their work places after the training, such as developing job descriptions for their staff, creating quarterly business plans for their facilities, costing for their services and entering service agreement with the government, improved record keeping, customer care and involving community as partners in running their facilities. The most common principle of paying individual performance bonuses was mentioned as a major challenge due to inadequate funding and poor design of Rungwe PBF pilot project. Conclusion: Despite poor design and inadequate funding, our findings have shown some promising results after PBF training in the study area. The findings have highlighted the potential of PBF to act as leverage for initiating innovative and proactive actions, which may motivate health personnel performance and quality of care in the study setting with minimal support. However, key policy issues at the national level should be addressed in order to exploit this opportunity. © 2014 Manongi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	PBF pilot project; Performance based financing; Rungwe; Tanzania	adult; female; health care financing; health care policy; health care quality; human; in service training; male; nonbiological model; qualitative research; reimbursement; Tanzania; Adult; Female; Health Care Reform; Healthcare Financing; Humans; Inservice Training; Male; Models, Organizational; Qualitative Research; Quality of Health Care; Reimbursement, Incentive; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39149106107	'I believe that the staff have reduced their closeness to patients': An exploratory study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on staff in four rural hospitals in Uganda	Dieleman M., Bwete V., Maniple E., Bakker M., Namaganda G., Odaga J., Van Der Wilt G.J.	2007	BMC Health Services Research	7	None	10.1186/1472-6963-7-205	KIT Development Policy and Practice, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda; KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Health Partners Uganda Health Cooperation, Kampala, Uganda; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Dieleman, M., KIT Development Policy and Practice, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bwete, V., Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda; Maniple, E., Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda; Bakker, M., KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Namaganda, G., Health Partners Uganda Health Cooperation, Kampala, Uganda; Odaga, J., Faculty of Health Sciences, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda; Van Der Wilt, G.J., Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Background. Staff shortages could harm the provision and quality of health care in Uganda, so staff retention and motivation are crucial. Understanding the impact of HIV/AIDS on staff contributes to designing appropriate retention and motivation strategies. This research aimed 'to identify the influence of HIV/AIDS on staff working in general hospitals at district level in rural areas and to explore support required and offered to deal with HIV/AIDS in the workplace'. Its results were to inform strategies to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on hospital staff. Methods. A cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative components was implemented during two weeks in September 2005. Data were collected in two government and two faith-based private not-for-profit hospitals purposively selected in rural districts in Uganda's Central Region. Researchers interviewed 237 people using a structured questionnaire and held four focus group discussions and 44 in-depth interviews. Results. HIV/AIDS places both physical and, to some extent, emotional demands on health workers. Eighty-six per cent of respondents reported an increased workload, with 48 per cent regularly working overtime, while 83 per cent feared infection at work, and 36 per cent reported suffering an injury in the previous year. HIV-positive staff remained in hiding, and most staff did not want to get tested as they feared stigmatization. Organizational responses were implemented haphazardly and were limited to providing protective materials and the HIV/AIDS-related services offered to patients. Although most staff felt motivated to work, not being motivated was associated with a lack of daily supervision, a lack of awareness on the availability of HIV/AIDS counselling, using antiretrovirals and working overtime. The specific hospital context influenced staff perceptions and experiences. Conclusion. HIV/AIDS is a crucially important contextual factor, impacting on working conditions in various ways. Therefore, organizational responses should be integrated into responses to other problematic working conditions and adapted to the local context. Opportunities already exist, such as better use of supervision, educational sessions and staff meetings. However, exchanges on interventions to improve staff motivation and address HIV/AIDS in the health sector are urgently required, including information on results and details of the context and implementation process. © 2007 Dieleman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; controlled study; counseling; cross-sectional study; exploratory research; female; general hospital; health care personnel; health service; hospital personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human relation; infection; interview; major clinical study; male; medical staff; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; rural area; structured questionnaire; Uganda; workload; workplace; administrative personnel; epidemiology; fear; health personnel attitude; hospital; job satisfaction; motivation; organization and management; psychological aspect; questionnaire; social psychology; Administrative Personnel; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fear; Health Care Surveys; HIV Infections; Hospitals, Rural; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Motivation; Professional-Patient Relations; Questionnaires; Stereotyping; Uganda; Workload; Workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449447995	Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda	Babigumira J.B., Castelnuovo B., Lamorde M., Kambugu A., Stergachis A., Easterbrook P., Garrison L.P.	2009	BMC Health Services Research	9	None	10.1186/1472-6963-9-192	Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Babigumira, J.B., Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Castelnuovo, B., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Lamorde, M., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kambugu, A., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Stergachis, A., Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Easterbrook, P., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Garrison, L.P., Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Background. Lower-income countries face severe health worker shortages. Recent evidence suggests that this problem can be mitigated by task-shifting - delegation of aspects of health care to less specialized health workers. We estimated the potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and physician supply in Uganda. The study was performed at the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) clinic, a large urban HIV clinic. Methods. We built an aggregate cost-minimization model from societal and Ministry of Health (MOH) perspectives. We compared physician-intensive follow-up (PF), the standard of care, with two methods of task-shifting: nurse-intensive follow-up (NF) and pharmacy-worker intensive follow-up (PWF). We estimated personnel and patient time use using a time-motion survey. We obtained unit costs from IDI and the literature. We estimated physician personnel impact by calculating full time equivalent (FTE) physicians saved. We made national projections for Uganda. Results. Annual mean costs of follow-up per patient were $59.88 (societal) and $31.68 (medical) for PF, $44.58 (societal) and $24.58 (medical) for NF and $18.66 (societal) and $10.5 (medical) for PWF. Annual national societal ART follow-up expenditure was $5.92 million using PF, $4.41 million using NF and $1.85 million using PWF, potentially saving $1.51 million annually by using NF and $4.07 million annually by using PWF instead of PF. Annual national MOH expenditure was $3.14 million for PF, $2.43 million for NF and $1.04 for PWF, potentially saving $0.70 million by using NF and $2.10 million by using PWF instead of PF. Projected national physician personnel needs were 108 FTE doctors to implement PF and 18 FTE doctors to implement NF or PWF. Task-shifting from PF to NF or PWF would potentially save 90 FTE physicians, 4.1% of the national physician workforce or 0.3 FTE physicians per 100,000 population. Conclusion. Task-shifting results in substantial cost and physician personnel savings in ART follow-up in Uganda and can contribute to mitigating the heath worker crisis.	None	article; cost minimization analysis; follow up; health care cost; health care personnel; health care quality; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; job performance; nurse; pharmacy; physician; Uganda; univariate analysis; work schedule; workload; clinical practice; cost control; economics; hospital admission; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; methodology; personnel management; pharmacist; statistics; task performance; time; treatment outcome; Uganda; workload; antiretrovirus agent; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Cost Savings; Health Care Costs; HIV Infections; Humans; Nurses; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Personnel Management; Pharmacists; Physician's Practice Patterns; Physicians; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Uganda; Waiting Lists; Workload	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884476512	Evaluation of facilitative supervision visits in primary health care service delivery in Northern Ghana	Aikins M., Laar A., Nonvignon J., Sackey S., Ikeda T., Woode G., Nang-Beifubah A., Nyonator F.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-358	School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana; Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Upper West Region, Accra, Wa, Ghana; Policy Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana	Aikins, M., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Laar, A., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Nonvignon, J., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Sackey, S., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ikeda, T., Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana; Woode, G., Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana; Nang-Beifubah, A., Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Upper West Region, Accra, Wa, Ghana; Nyonator, F., Policy Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana	Background: In Ghana's health delivery services, facilitative supervisory visit (FSV) as a system of management is new. This paper presents the standard evaluation results of FSV, which formed an integral part of the community-based health planning services (CHPS) initiative. Methods. The study was conducted in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The Project developed guidelines and tools for FSV for four different health system levels - regional, district, sub-district and community levels. Electronic data from all four levels representing quarterly results were compiled into their annual equivalents, and summarized graphically for comparison. Results: The data show that all the nine districts embraced the FSV concept even though they differed markedly with regard to the degree of adherence to some set benchmarks. Three DHMTs (Wa Municipal, Lawra and Jirapa) were graded as good while the remaining six DHMTs were adjudged as fair in relation to management of supplies, transport and equipment, information, meeting, and technical support. Conclusions: The data further suggest that there is much to gain both individually and institutionally from FSVs. Generally, FSVs are crucial to the delivery of primary health care services in especially rural areas. © 2013 Aikins et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Facilitative supervision visit; Ghana; Primary health care; Service delivery	article; community care; evaluation study; Ghana; health care delivery; health care planning; human; methodology; organization and management; primary health care; standard; Community Health Services; Delivery of Health Care; Ghana; Humans; Primary Health Care; Regional Medical Programs	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937415854	Evaluation of the HIV lay counselling and testing profession in South Africa	Mwisongo A., Mehlomakhulu V., Mohlabane N., Peltzer K., Mthembu J., Van Rooyen H.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0940-y	School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Health Consortium-Clinical HIV Research Unit (CHRU), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; HIV/AIDS, STIs, TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa; ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand	Mwisongo, A., School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Wits Health Consortium-Clinical HIV Research Unit (CHRU), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mehlomakhulu, V., HIV/AIDS, STIs, TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Mohlabane, N., HIV/AIDS, STIs, TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Peltzer, K., HIV/AIDS, STIs, TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa, ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; Mthembu, J., HIV/AIDS, STIs, TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Van Rooyen, H., HIV/AIDS, STIs, TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Background: With the launch of the national HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) campaign in South Africa (SA), lay HIV counsellors, who had been trained in blood withdrawal, have taken up the role of HIV testing. This study evaluated the experiences, training, motivation, support, supervision, and workload of HIV lay counsellors and testers in South Africa. The aim was to identify gaps in their resources, training, supervision, motivation, and workload related to HCT services. In addition it explored their experiences with providing HIV testing under the task shifting context. Methods: The study was conducted in eight of South Africa's nine provinces. 32 lay counsellors were recruited from 67 HCT sites, and were interviewed using two questionnaires that included structured and semi-structured questions. One questionnaire focused on their role as HIV counsellors and the other on their role as HIV testers. Results: Ninety-seven percent of counsellors reported that they have received training in counselling and testing. Many rated their training as more than adequate or adequate, with 15.6 % rating it as not adequate. Respondents reported a lack of standardised counselling and testing training, and revealed gaps in counselling skills for specific groups such as discordant couples, homosexuals, older clients and children. They indicated health system barriers, including inadequate designated space for counselling, which compromises privacy and confidentiality. Lay counsellors carry the burden of counselling and testing nationally, and have other tasks such as administration and auxiliary duties due to staff shortages. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that HCT counselling and testing services in South Africa are mainly performed by lay counsellors and testers. They are challenged by inadequate work space, limited counselling skills for specific groups, a lack of standardised training policies and considerable administrative and auxiliary duties. To improve HCT services, there needs to be training needs with a standardised curriculum and refresher courses, for HIV counselling and testing, specifically for specific elderly clients, discordant couples, homosexuals and children. The Department of Health should formally integrate lay counsellors into the health care system with proper allocation of tasks under the task shifting policy. © 2015 Mwisongo et al.	HIV Counselling and Training (HCT); HIV testing; Lay counsellors; Training; Workspace	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928103565	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) service scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in zambian primary health centres: A case-based health systems analysis	Topp S.M., Black J., Morrow M., Chipukuma J.M., Van Damme W.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0703-9	Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, PO Box 30338, Lusaka, Zambia; Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; University of Lusaka, Plot No 37413, Mass Media, Lusaka, Zambia; Public Health and Health Policy Unit, ITM-Antwerp, Sint-Rochusstraat 2, Antwerpen, Belgium; School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa	Topp, S.M., Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, PO Box 30338, Lusaka, Zambia, Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Black, J., Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Morrow, M., Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Chipukuma, J.M., University of Lusaka, Plot No 37413, Mass Media, Lusaka, Zambia; Van Damme, W., Public Health and Health Policy Unit, ITM-Antwerp, Sint-Rochusstraat 2, Antwerpen, Belgium, School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa	Background: Questions about the impact of large donor-funded HIV interventions on low- And middle-income countries' health systems have been the subject of a number of expert commentaries, but comparatively few empirical research studies. Aimed at addressing a particular evidence gap vis-à-vis the influence of HIV service scale-up on micro-level health systems, this article examines the impact of HIV scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in Zambian primary health facilities. Methods: Guided by the Mechanisms of Effect framework and Brinkerhoff's work on accountability, we conducted an in-depth multi-case study to examine how HIV services influenced mechanisms of administrative and social accountability in four Zambian primary health centres. Sites were selected for established (over 3 yrs) antiretroviral therapy (ART) services and urban, peri-urban and rural characteristics. Case data included provider interviews (60); patient interviews (180); direct observation of facility operations (2 wks/centre) and key informant interviews (14). Results: Resource-intensive investment in HIV services contributed to some early gains in administrative answerability within the four ART departments, helping to establish the material capabilities necessary to deliver and monitor service delivery. Simultaneous investment in external supervision and professional development helped to promote transparency around individual and team performance and also strengthened positive work norms in the ART departments. In the wider health centres, however, mechanisms of administrative accountability remained weak, hindered by poor data collection and under capacitated leadership. Substantive gains in social accountability were also elusive as HIV scale-up did little to address deeply rooted information and power asymmetries in the wider facilities. Conclusions: Short terms gains in primary-level service accountability may arise from investment in health system hardware. However, sustained improvements in service quality and responsiveness arising from genuine improvements in social and administrative accountability require greater understanding of, and investment in changing, the power relations, work norms, leadership and disciplinary mechanisms that shape these micro-level health systems. ©2015 Vo et al.	Accountability; Health systems; HIV service scale-up; Primary health centres	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885012115	The role of AFB microscopy training in improving the performance of laboratory professionals: Analysis of pre and post training evaluation scores	Reji P., Aga G., Abebe G.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-392	TB CARE I/ Management Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Reji, P., TB CARE I/ Management Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aga, G., Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains major cause of morbidity and mortality due to any one of infectious agent worldwide. In low income countries, Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear microscopy is the only cost-effective tool for diagnosis and monitoring of patients on treatment. In order to have efficient AFB microscopy centers, it is imperative to have continuous refresher training for laboratory professionals and strong External Quality Assessment (EQA) system). However, very little data exists as to the effect of in-service training on performance of laboratory personnel in Ethiopia.The objective of this study was to investigate the role of AFB microscopy refresher training on the performance of laboratory professionals. Methods. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to appraise theoretical and practical performance of laboratory professionals before and after AFB microscopy training. Theoretical assessment was based on standard questions while practical assessment was based on smear reading of 10 standard slides. Data on eight rounds of a five days training at Adama regional laboratory on AFB microscopy in 2009 was obtained and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Result: The pre-training mean score of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills were 61.8% and 75.7%, respectively. The post training mean scores were 84.2% and 89.2% for theoretical knowledge and practical skills, respectively. The increase in mean score of both theoretical and practical assessment was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Post training mean score of theoretical knowledge was higher among diploma holders trainees than the BSc degree counter parts (p = 0.001). The mean scores on practice before and after training was dependent on participation in previous AFB microscopy trainings (p < 0.0001). Proportions of trainees with both major and minor errors were found to decrease after they were trained. Trainees who have had previous training were found to commit less errors than those who were not participated in previous training (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Training has improved theoretical and practical performance of laboratory professionals. Pre-placement and continuous training irrespective of lab professionals qualification and service year and sustainable EQA are highly recommended to ensure quality of AFB microscopy service. © 2013 Reji et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	AFB; Refresher training; Scores; Tuberculosis	article; education; female; human; laboratory personnel; lung tuberculosis; male; medical error; microbiology; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; statistics; total quality management; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Laboratory Personnel; Male; Medical Errors; Microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Quality Improvement; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954092700	Evaluation of the Performance of Routine Information System Management (PRISM) framework: Evidence from Uganda	Hotchkiss D.R., Aqil A., Lippeveld T., Mukooyo E.	2010	BMC Health Services Research	10	None	10.1186/1472-6963-10-188	Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; John Snow Inc., Arlington, VI, United States; John Snow Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda	Hotchkiss, D.R., Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Aqil, A., John Snow Inc., Arlington, VI, United States; Lippeveld, T., John Snow Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Mukooyo, E., Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda	Background. Sound policy, resource allocation and day-to-day management decisions in the health sector require timely information from routine health information systems (RHIS). In most low- and middle-income countries, the RHIS is viewed as being inadequate in providing quality data and continuous information that can be used to help improve health system performance. In addition, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of RHIS strengthening interventions in improving data quality and use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the newly developed Performance of Routine Information System Management (PRISM) framework, which consists of a conceptual framework and associated data collection and analysis tools to assess, design, strengthen and evaluate RHIS. The specific objectives of the study are: a) to assess the reliability and validity of the PRISM instruments and b) to assess the validity of the PRISM conceptual framework. Methods. Facility- and worker-level data were collected from 110 health care facilities in twelve districts in Uganda in 2004 and 2007 using records reviews, structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The analysis procedures include Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency of selected instruments, test-retest analysis to assess the reliability and sensitivity of the instruments, and bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques to assess validity of the PRISM instruments and conceptual framework. Results. Cronbach's alpha analysis suggests high reliability (0.7 or greater) for the indices measuring a promotion of a culture of information, RHIS tasks self-efficacy and motivation. The study results also suggest that a promotion of a culture of information influences RHIS tasks self-efficacy, RHIS tasks competence and motivation, and that self-efficacy and the presence of RHIS staff have a direct influence on the use of RHIS information, a key aspect of RHIS performance. Conclusions. The study results provide some empirical support for the reliability and validity of the PRISM instruments and the validity of the PRISM conceptual framework, suggesting that the PRISM approach can be effectively used by RHIS policy makers and practitioners to assess the RHIS and evaluate RHIS strengthening interventions. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate the value of the PRISM instruments in exploring the linkages between RHIS data quality and use, and health systems performance. © 2010 Hotchkiss et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; decision support system; evaluation; health care delivery; information system; interview; management; organization and management; quality control; questionnaire; standard; Uganda; Decision Support Systems, Management; Delivery of Health Care; Information Management; Interviews as Topic; Management Audit; Quality Control; Questionnaires; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000303928900011	Impact of a hospital improvement initiative in Bangladesh on patient experiences and satisfaction with services: two cross-sectional studies	Andersson, Neil,Cockcroft, Anne,Omer, Khalid	2011	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	11	None	10.1186/1472-6963-11-S2-S10	CIET Pakistan, CIET Trust Botswana, Univ Autonoma Guerrero	None	Background: The Bangladesh government implemented a pilot Hospital Improvement Initiative (HII) in five hospitals in Sylhet division between 1998 and 2003. This included management and behaviour change training for staff, waste disposal and procurement, and referral arrangements. Two linked cross-sectional surveys in 2000 and 2003 assessed the impact of the HII, assessing both patients' experience and satisfaction and public views and use of the hospitals. Methods: In each survey we asked 300 consecutive outpatients and a stratified random sample of 300 inpatients in the five hospitals about waiting and consultation time, use of an agent for admission, and satisfaction with privacy, cleanliness, and staff behaviour. The field teams observed cleanliness and privacy arrangements, and visited a sample of households in communities near the hospitals to ask about their opinions and use of the hospital services. Analysis examined changes over time in patients' experience and views. Multivariate analysis took account of other variables potentially associated with the outcomes. Survey managers discussed the survey findings with gender stratified focus groups in each sample community. Results: Compared with 2000, an outpatient in three of the hospitals in 2003 was more likely to be seen within 10 minutes and for at least five minutes by the doctor, but outpatients were less likely to report receiving all the prescribed medicines from the hospital. In 2003, inpatients were more likely to have secured admission without using an agent. Although patients' satisfaction with several aspects of care improved, most changes were not statistically significant. Households in 2003 were significantly more likely to rate the hospitals as good than in 2000. Use of the hospitals did not change, except that more households used the medical college hospital for inpatient care in 2003. Focus groups confirmed criticisms of services and suggested improvements. Conclusion: Improvements in some aspects of patients' experience may have been due to the programme, but the decreased availability of medicines in government facilities across the country over the period also occurred in these hospitals. Monitoring patients' experience and satisfaction as well as public views and use of hospital services is feasible and useful for assessing service interventions.	,CARE,FRAMEWORK,NATIONAL-SURVEY,PERFORMANCE,"PRIVATE HOSPITALS",QUALITY,QUESTIONNAIRE,RELIABILITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000319869000003	The Ghana essential health interventions program: a plausibility trial of the impact of health systems strengthening on maternal & child survival	Asuru, Rofina,Awoonor-Williams, John Koku,Bawah, Ayaga A.,Nyonator, Frank K.,Oduro, Abraham,Ofosu, Anthony,Phillips, James F.	2013	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	13	None	10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S3	Columbia University, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo Health Research Center, Minist Hlth Minist	"Asuru, Rofina: Ghana Health Service","Awoonor-Williams, John Koku: Ghana Health Service","Bawah, Ayaga A.: Columbia University","Oduro, Abraham: Ghana Health Service","Oduro, Abraham: Navrongo Health Research Center","Ofosu, Anthony: Ghana Health Service","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: During the 1990s, researchers at the Navrongo Health Research Centre in northern Ghana developed a highly successful community health program. The keystone of the Navrongo approach was the deployment of nurses termed community health officers to village locations. A trial showed that, compared to areas relying on existing services alone, the approach reduced child mortality by half, maternal mortality by 40%, and fertility by nearly a birth - from a total fertility rate of 5.5 in only five years. In 2000, the government of Ghana launched a national program called Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) to scale up the Navrongo model. However, CHPS scale-up has been slow in districts located outside of the Upper East Region, where the "Navrongo Experiment" was first carried out. This paper describes the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Project (GEHIP), a plausibility trial of strategies for strengthening CHPS, especially in the areas of maternal and newborn health, and generating the political will to scale up the program with strategies that are faithful to the original design. Description of the intervention: GEHIP improves the CHPS model by 1) extending the range and quality of services for newborns; 2) training community volunteers to conduct the World Health Organization service regimen known as integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI); 3) simplifying the collection of health management information and ensuring its use for decision making; 4) enabling community health nurses to manage emergencies, particularly obstetric complications and refer cases without delay; 5) adding $0.85 per capita annually to district budgets and marshalling grassroots political commitment to financing CHPS implementation; and 6) strengthening CHPS leadership at all levels of the system. Evaluation design: GEHIP impact is assessed by conducting baseline and endline survey research and computing the Heckman "difference in difference" test for under-5 mortality in three intervention districts relative to four comparison districts for core indicators of health status and survival rates. To elucidate results, hierarchical child survival hazard models will be estimated that incorporate measures of health system strength as survival determinants, adjusting for the potentially confounding effects of parental and household characteristics. Qualitative systems appraisal procedures will be used to monitor and explain GEHIP implementation innovations, constraints, and progress. Discussion: By demonstrating practical means of strengthening a real-world health system while monitoring costs and assessing maternal and child survival impact, GEHIP is expected to contribute to national health policy, planning, and resource allocation that will be needed to accelerate progress with the Millennium Development Goals.	,INNOVATION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000319869000006	The Tanzania Connect Project: a cluster-randomized trial of the child survival impact of adding paid community health workers to an existing facility-focused health system	Baynes, Colin,Exavery, Amon,Helleringer, Stephane,Hingora, Ahmed,Jackson, Elizabeth,Kante, Malick,Manzi, Fatuma,Pemba, Senga,Phillips, James F.,Ramsey, Kate	2013	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	13	None	10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S6	Columbia University, Ifakara Hlth Inst, Tanzanian Training Ctr Int Hlth	"Helleringer, Stephane: Columbia University","Jackson, Elizabeth: Columbia University","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: Tanzania has been a pioneer in establishing community-level services, yet challenges remain in sustaining these systems and ensuring adequate human resource strategies. In particular, the added value of a cadre of professional community health workers is under debate. While Tanzania has the highest density of primary health care facilities in Africa, equitable access and quality of care remain a challenge. Utilization for many services proven to reduce child and maternal mortality is unacceptably low. Tanzanian policy initiatives have sought to address these problems by proposing expansion of community-based providers, but the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) lacks evidence that this merits national implementation. The Tanzania Connect Project is a randomized cluster trial located in three rural districts with a population of roughly 360,000 (Kilombero, Rufiji, and Ulanga). Description of intervention: Connect aims to test whether introducing a community health worker into a general program of health systems strengthening and referral improvement will reduce child mortality, improve access to services, expand utilization, and alter reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health seeking behavior; thereby accelerating progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. Connect has introduced a new cadre - Community Health Agents (CHA) - who were recruited from and work in their communities. To support the CHA, Connect developed supervisory systems, launched information and monitoring operations, and implemented logistics support for integration with existing district and village operations. In addition, Connect's district-wide emergency referral strengthening intervention includes clinical and operational improvements. Evaluation design: Designed as a community-based cluster-randomized trial, CHA were randomly assigned to 50 of the 101 villages within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in the three study districts. To garner detailed information on household characteristics, behaviors, and service exposure, a random sub-sample survey of 3,300 women of reproductive age will be conducted at the baseline and endline. The referral system intervention will use baseline, midline, and endline facility-based data to assess systemic changes. Implementation and impact research of Connect will assess whether and how the presence of the CHA at village level provides added life-saving value to the health system. Discussion: Global commitment to launching community-based primary health care has accelerated in recent years, with much of the implementation focused on Africa. Despite extensive investment, no program has been guided by a truly experimental study. Connect will not only address Tanzania's need for policy and operational research, it will bridge a critical international knowledge gap concerning the added value of salaried professional community health workers in the context of a high density of fixed facilities.	,CARE,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,IMPLEMENTATION,INTERVENTIONS,"MATERNITY REFERRAL SYSTEMS","MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL",MORTALITY,"NAVRONGO EXPERIMENT","SERVICES RESEARCH","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000275305700001	A realist evaluation of the management of a well-performing regional hospital in Ghana	Dedzo, McDamien,Kegels, Guy,Marchal, Bruno	2010	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	10	None	10.1186/1472-6963-10-24	Inst Trop Med, Volta Reg Hlth Directorate	None	Background: Realist evaluation offers an interesting approach to evaluation of interventions in complex settings, but has been little applied in health care. We report on a realist case study of a well performing hospital in Ghana and show how such a realist evaluation design can help to overcome the limited external validity of a traditional case study. Methods: We developed a realist evaluation framework for hypothesis formulation, data collection, data analysis and synthesis of the findings. Focusing on the role of human resource management in hospital performance, we formulated our hypothesis around the high commitment management concept. Mixed methods were used in data collection, including individual and group interviews, observations and document reviews. Results: We found that the human resource management approach (the actual intervention) included induction of new staff, training and personal development, good communication and information sharing, and decentralised decision-making. We identified 3 additional practices: ensuring optimal physical working conditions, access to top managers and managers' involvement on the work floor. Teamwork, recognition and trust emerged as key elements of the organisational climate. Interviewees reported high levels of organisational commitment. The analysis unearthed perceived organisational support and reciprocity as underlying mechanisms that link the management practices with commitment. Methodologically, we found that realist evaluation can be fruitfully used to develop detailed case studies that analyse how management interventions work and in which conditions. Analysing the links between intervention, mechanism and outcome increases the explaining power, while identification of essential context elements improves the usefulness of the findings for decision-makers in other settings (external validity). We also identified a number of practical difficulties and priorities for further methodological development. Conclusion: This case suggests that a well-balanced HRM bundle can stimulate organisational commitment of health workers. Such practices can be implemented even with narrow decision spaces. Realist evaluation provides an appropriate approach to increase the usefulness of case studies to managers and policymakers.	,ATTITUDES,COMMITMENT,CULTURE,HEALTH-SERVICES,"HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT",MODELS,"PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT","THEORY-DRIVEN PERSPECTIVE",VALIDITY,"WORK SYSTEMS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262233800001	Building capacity for antiretroviral delivery in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the PALSA PLUS nurse training programme	Bateman, E.,Bheekie, A.,English, R.,Fairall, L.,Lewin, S.,Mayers, P.,Stein, J.,Zwarenstein, M.	2008	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	8	None	10.1186/1472-6963-8-240	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, University of London, University of the Western Cape, University of Toronto, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Sunnybrook Res Inst	"Bateman, E.: University of Cape Town","Bheekie, A.: University of the Western Cape","Mayers, P.: University of Cape Town","Stein, J.: University of Cape Town",	Background: South Africa recently launched a national antiretroviral treatment programme. This has created an urgent need for nurse-training in antiretroviral treatment ( ART) delivery. The PALSA PLUS programme provides guidelines and training for primary health care (PHC) nurses in the management of adult lung diseases and HIV/AIDS, including ART. A process evaluation was undertaken to document the training, explore perceptions regarding the value of the training, and compare the PALSA PLUS training approach ( used at intervention sites) with the provincial training model. The evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of the PALSA PLUS nurse-training ( Trial reference number ISRCTN24820584). Methods: Qualitative methods were utilized, including participant observation of training sessions, focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Nurse uptake of PALSA PLUS training, with regard not only to ART specific components but also lung health, was high. The ongoing on-site training of all PHC nurses, as opposed to the once-off centralized training provided for ART nurses only at non-intervention clinics, enhanced nurses' experience of support for their work by allowing, not only for ongoing experiential learning, supervision and emotional support, but also for the ongoing managerial review of all those infrastructural and system-level changes required to facilitate health provider behaviour change and guideline implementation. The training of all PHC nurses in PALSA PLUS guideline use, as opposed to ART nurses only, was also perceived to better facilitate the integration of AIDS care within the clinic context. Conclusion: PALSA PLUS training successfully engaged all PHC nurses in a comprehensive approach to a range of illnesses affecting both HIV positive and negative patients. PHC nurse-training for integrated systems-based interventions should be prioritized on the ART funding agenda. Training for individual provider behaviour change is nonetheless only one aspect of the ongoing system-wide interventions required to effect lasting improvements in patient care in the context of an over-burdened and under-resourced PHC system.	,ACCESS,CARE,COUNTRIES,CRISIS,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",HIV,HIV/AIDS,IMPLEMENTATION,TUBERCULOSIS,WILL	None	None
WoS	WOS:000339283500001	The impact of home-based HIV counseling and testing on care-seeking and incidence of common infectious disease syndromes in rural western Kenya	Ackers, Marta,Amolloh, Manase,Audi, Allan,Aura, Barrack,Bigogo, Godfrey,Breiman, Robert F.,Burton, Deron,Dalal, Warren,Feikin, Daniel R.,Laserson, Kayla F.	2014	BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES	14	None	10.1186/1471-2334-14-376	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	Background: In much of Africa, most individuals living with HIV do not know their status. Home-based counseling and testing (HBCT) leads to more HIV-infected people learning their HIV status. However, there is little data on whether knowing one's HIV-positive status necessarily leads to uptake of HIV care, which could in turn, lead to a reduction in the prevalence of common infectious disease syndromes. Methods: In 2008, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offered HBCT to individuals (aged &gt;= 13 years) under active surveillance for infectious disease syndromes in Lwak in rural western Kenya. HIV test results were linked to morbidity and healthcare-seeking data collected by field workers through bi-weekly home visits. We analyzed changes in healthcare seeking behaviors using proportions, and incidence (expressed as episodes per person-year) of acute respiratory illness (ARI), severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), acute febrile illness (AFI) and diarrhea among first-time HIV testers in the year before and after HBCT, stratified by their test result and if HIV-positive, whether they sought care at HIV Patient Support Centers (PSCs). Results: Of 9,613 individuals offered HBCT, 6,366 (66%) were first-time testers, 698 (11%) of whom were HIV-infected. One year after HBCT, 50% of HIV-infected persons had enrolled at PSCs - 92% of whom had started cotrimoxazole and 37% of those eligible for antiretroviral treatment had initiated therapy. Among HIV-infected persons enrolled in PSCs, AFI and diarrhea incidence decreased in the year after HBCT (rate ratio [RR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77 - 0.91 and RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 - 0.98, respectively). Among HIV-infected persons not attending PSCs and among HIV-uninfected persons, decreases in incidence were significantly lower. While decreases also occurred in rates of respiratory illnesses among HIV-positive persons in care, there were similar decreases in the other two groups. Conclusions: Large scale HBCT enabled a large number of newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons to know their HIV status, leading to a change in care seeking behavior and ultimately a decrease in incidence of common infectious disease syndromes through appropriate treatment and care.	"healthcare seeking","Home based HIV counseling and testing","Infectious disease incidence",AFRICA,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",COTRIMOXAZOLE,FOLLOW-UP,HEALTH,"MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE",MORTALITY,PROPHYLAXIS,TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE,"UGANDAN ADULTS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296966900001	A qualitative evaluation of volunteers' experiences in a phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Tanzania	Bakari, Muhammad,Kohi, Thecla W.,Kulane, Asli,Mhalu, Fred,Sandstrom, Eric,Tarimo, Edith A. M.,Thorson, Anna	2011	BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES	11	None	10.1186/1471-2334-11-283	Karolinska Institutet, Sodersjukhuset Hospital, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci	"Kulane, Asli: Karolinska Institutet","Sandstrom, Eric: Karolinska Institutet","Sandstrom, Eric: Sodersjukhuset Hospital","Thorson, Anna: Karolinska Institutet",	Background: Evaluating experiences of volunteers in an HIV vaccine trial will be useful for the conduct of future trials. The purpose of this study among volunteers who participated in a phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania was to assess what characterized their experiences during the trial. Methods: We conducted four focus group discussions with 35 out of the 60 individuals (women and men) after the five scheduled vaccinations. An interpretive description approach was applied to data analysis. Results: As a result of the trial interventions, both men and women gained confidence in their own abilities to have safer, less risky sexual behaviour. The participants experienced the trial as a way of accessing free [insured] medical services. Most of the men said they had gone from self-medication to professional medical consultation. Despite these benefits, the participants faced various challenges during the trial. Such challenges included mistrust of the trial shown by health care providers who were not connected to the trial and discouragement from friends, colleagues and family members who questioned the safety of the trial. However, they managed to cope with these doubts by using both personal and trial related interventions. Conclusion: We found that during the phase I/II HIV vaccine trial, participants had both the opportunities and the ability to cope with the doubts from the surrounding community. Follow up visits enhanced the opportunities and individuals' abilities to cope with the doubts during the trial. Understanding this discourse may be useful for the trial implementers when designing future trials.	,"EFFICACY TRIAL","INTERPRETIVE DESCRIPTION",PARTICIPATION,"SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR","SOCIAL HARMS",THAILAND	None	None
WoS	WOS:000333602200001	The impact of voluntary counselling and testing services on sexual behaviour change and HIV incidence: observations from a cohort study in rural Tanzania	Cawley, Caoimhe,Kumugola, Yusufu,Michael, Denna,Slaymaker, Emma,Todd, Jim,Urassa, Mark,Wringe, Alison,Zaba, Basia	2014	BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES	14	None	10.1186/1471-2334-14-159	University of London	"Cawley, Caoimhe: University of London","Slaymaker, Emma: University of London","Wringe, Alison: University of London","Zaba, Basia: University of London",	Background: It is widely assumed that voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services contribute to HIV prevention by motivating clients to reduce sexual risk-taking. However, findings from sub-Saharan Africa have been mixed, particularly among HIV-negative persons. We explored associations between VCT use and changes in sexual risk behaviours and HIV incidence using data from a community HIV cohort study in northwest Tanzania. Methods: Data on VCT use, sexual behaviour and HIV status were available from three HIV serological surveillance rounds undertaken in 2003-4 (Sero4), 2006-7 (Sero5) and 2010 (Sero6). We used multinomial logistic regression to assess changes in sexual risk behaviours between rounds, and Poisson regression to estimate HIV incidence. Results: The analyses included 3,613 participants attending Sero4 and Sero5 (3,474 HIV-negative and 139 HIV-positive at earlier round) and 2,998 attending Sero5 and Sero6 (2,858 HIV-negative and 140 HIV-positive at earlier round). Among HIV-negative individuals VCT use was associated with reductions in the number of sexual partners in the last year (aRR Seros 4-5: 1.42, 95% CI 1.07-1.88; aRR Seros 5-6: 1.68, 95% CI 1.25-2.26) and in the likelihood of having a non-cohabiting partner in the last year (aRR Seros 4-5: 1.57, 95% CI 1.10-2.25; aRR Seros 5-6: 1.48, 95% CI 1.07-2.04) or a high-risk partner in the last year (aRR Seros 5-6 1.57, 95% CI 1.06-2.31). However, VCT was also associated with stopping using condoms with non-cohabiting partners between Seros 4-5 (aRR 4.88, 95% CI 1.39-17.16). There were no statistically significant associations between VCT use and changes in HIV incidence, nor changes in sexual behaviour among HIV-positive individuals, possibly due to small sample sizes. Conclusions: We found moderate associations between VCT use and reductions in some sexual risk behaviours among HIV-negative participants, but no impacts among HIV-positive individuals in the context of low overall VCT uptake. Furthermore, there were no significant changes in HIV incidence associated with VCT use, although declining background incidence and small sample sizes may have prevented us from detecting this. The impact of VCT services will ultimately depend upon rates of uptake, with further research required to better understand processes of behaviour change following VCT use.	"COHORT STUDY",HIV,"sexual behaviour",Tanzania,"voluntary counselling and testing",AFRICA,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",POPULATIONS,RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,"RISK BEHAVIOR",SPREAD,TRENDS,UGANDA,ZIMBABWE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952518011	The impact on nurses and nurse managers of introducing PEPFAR clinical services in urban government clinics in Uganda	Nankumbi J., Groves S., Leontsini E., Kyegombe N., Coutinho A., Manabe Y.	2011	BMC International Health and Human Rights	11	SUPPL. 1	10.1186/1472-698X-11-S1-S8	Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Infectious Disease, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States	Nankumbi, J., Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Groves, S., Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Leontsini, E., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Kyegombe, N., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Coutinho, A., Institute of Infectious Disease, Kampala, Uganda; Manabe, Y., Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States	Background: Improving provider performance is central to strengthening health services in developing countries. Because of critical shortages of physicians, many clinics in sub-Saharan Africa are led by nurses. In addition to clinical skills, nurse managers need practical managerial skills and adequate resources to ensure procurement of essential supplies, quality assurance implementation, and productive work environment. Giving nurses more autonomy in their work empowers them in the workplace and has shown to create positive influence on work attitudes and behaviors. The Infectious Disease Institute, an affiliate of Makerere University College of Health Science, in an effort to expand the needed HIV services in the Ugandan capital, established a community-university partnership with the Ministry of Health to implement an innovative model to build capacity in HIV service delivery. This paper evaluates the impact on the nurses from this innovative program to provide more health care in six nurse managed Kampala City Council (KCC) Clinics. Methods. A mixed method approach was used. The descriptive study collected key informant interviews from the six nurse managers, and administered a questionnaire to 20 staff nurses between September and December 2009. Key themes were manually identified from the interviews, and the questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Introducing new HIV services into six KCC clinics was positive for the nurses. They identified the project as successful because of perceived improved environment, increase in useful in-service training, new competence to manage patients and staff, improved physical infrastructure, provision of more direct patient care, motivation to improve the clinic because the project acted on their suggestions, and involvement in role expansion. All of these helped empower the nurses, improving quality of care and increasing job satisfaction. Conclusions: This community-university HIV innovative model was successful from the point of view of the nurses and nurse managers. This model shows promise in increasing effective, quality health service; HIV and other programs can build capacity and empower nurses and nurse managers to directly implement such services. It also demonstrates how MakCHS can be instrumental through partnerships in designing and testing effective strategies, building human health resources and improving Ugandan health outcomes. © 2011 Nankumbi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; clinical article; government; health care; health care quality; health program; hospital; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; job satisfaction; medical service; multicenter study; nurse manager; patient care; prpfar clinical service; questionnaire; staff nurse; Uganda; urban area	None
WoS	WOS:000300154900001	Evaluation of knowledge levels amongst village AIDS committees after undergoing HIV educational sessions: results from a pilot study in rural Tanzania	Epsley, Elizabeth J.,Nhandi, Benjamin,Todd, Jim,Urassa, Mark,Wringe, Alison	2011	BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS	11	None	10.1186/1472-698X-11-14	University of London	"Epsley, Elizabeth J.: University of London","Todd, Jim: University of London","Wringe, Alison: University of London",	Background: Village AIDS committees (VAC) were formed by the Tanzanian government in 2003 to provide HIV education to their communities. However, their potential has not been realised due to their limited knowledge and misconceptions surrounding HIV, which could be addressed through training of VAC members. In an attempt to increase HIV knowledge levels and address common misconceptions amongst the VACs, an HIV curriculum was delivered to members in rural north western Tanzania. Methods: An evaluation of HIV knowledge was conducted prior to and post-delivery of HIV training sessions, within members of three VACs in Kisesa ward. Quantitative surveys were used with several open-ended questions to identify local misconceptions and evaluate HIV knowledge levels. Short educational training sessions covering HIV transmission, prevention and treatment were conducted, with each VAC using quizzes, role-plays and participatory learning and action tools. Post-training surveys occurred up to seven days after the final training session. Results: Before the training, "good" HIV knowledge was higher amongst men than women (p = 0.041), and among those with previous HIV education (p = 0.002). The trade-centre had a faster turn-over of VAC members, and proximity to the trade-centre was associated with a shorter time on the committee. Training improved HIV knowledge levels with more members achieving a "good" score in the post-training survey compared with the baseline survey (p = &lt; 0.001). The training programme was popular, with 100% of participants requesting further HIV training in the future and 51.7% requesting training at three-monthly intervals. Conclusions: In this setting, a series of HIV training sessions for VACs demonstrated encouraging results, with increased HIV knowledge levels following short educational sessions. Further work is required to assess the success of VAC members in disseminating this HIV education to their communities, as well as up-scaling this pilot study to other regions in Tanzania with different misconceptions.	,ACCESS,"AFRICAN YOUTH","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISCRIMINATION,"HEALTH INTERVENTION",PEOPLE,PREVENTION,PROGRAM,SCALING-UP,STIGMA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878084570	Effective or just practical? An evaluation of an online postgraduate module on evidence-based medicine (EBM)	Rohwer A., Young T., Van Schalkwyk S.	2013	BMC Medical Education	13	1	10.1186/1472-6920-13-77	Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Centre for Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa	Rohwer, A., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa; Young, T., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa, South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Van Schalkwyk, S., Centre for Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Teaching the steps of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to undergraduate as well as postgraduate health care professionals is crucial for implementation of effective, beneficial health care practices and abandonment of ineffective, harmful ones. Stellenbosch University in Cape Town, South Africa, offers a 12-week, completely online module on EBM within the Family Medicine division, to medical specialists in their first year of training. The aim of this study was to formatively evaluate this module; assessing both the mode of delivery; as well as the perceived effectiveness and usefulness thereof. Methods. We used mixed methods to evaluate this module: A document review to assess whether the content of the module reflects important EBM competencies; a survey of the students to determine their experiences of the module; and semi-structured interviews with the tutors to explore their perspectives of the module. Ethics approval was obtained. Results: The document review indicated that EBM competencies were covered adequately, although critical appraisal only focused on randomised controlled trials and guidelines. Students had a positive attitude towards the module, but felt that they needed more support from the tutors. Tutors felt that students engaged actively in discussions, but experienced difficulties with understanding certain concepts of EBM. Furthermore, they felt that it was challenging explaining these via the online learning platform and saw the need to incorporate more advanced technology to better connect with the students. In their view the key to successful learning of EBM was to keep it relevant and applicable to everyday practice. Tutors also felt that an online module on EBM was advantageous, since doctors from all over the world were able to participate. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the online module on EBM was effective in increasing EBM knowledge and skills of postgraduate students and was well received by both students and tutors. Students and tutors experienced generic challenges that accompany any educational intervention of EBM (e.g. understanding difficult concepts), but in addition had to deal with challenges unique to the online learning environment. Teachers of EBM should acknowledge these so as to enhance and successfully implement EBM teaching and learning for all students. © 2013 Rohwer et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Evaluation; Evidence-based medicine; Online learning; Postgraduate	article; education; evaluation study; evidence based medicine; human; medical education; methodology; standard; teaching; education; evidence based medicine; medical education; procedures; standards; teaching; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892382973	Doctoral training in Uganda: Evaluation of mentoring best practices at Makerere university college of health sciences	Nakanjako D., Katamba A., Kaye D.K., Okello E., Kamya M.R., Sewankambo N., Mayanja-Kizza H.	2014	BMC Medical Education	14	1	10.1186/1472-6920-14-9	Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Nakanjako, D., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kaye, D.K., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Okello, E., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kamya, M.R., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Sewankambo, N., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Good mentoring is a key variable for determining success in completing a doctoral program. We identified prevailing mentoring practices among doctoral students and their mentors, identified common challenges facing doctoral training, and proposed some solutions to enhance the quality of the doctoral training experience for both candidates and mentors at Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS). Methods. This cross-sectional qualitative evaluation was part of the monitoring and evaluation program for doctoral training. All doctoral students and their mentors were invited for a half-day workshop through the MakCHS mailing list. Prevailing doctoral supervision and mentoring guidelines were summarised in a one-hour presentation. Participants were split into two homogenous students' (mentees') and mentors' groups to discuss specific issues using a focus group discussion (FGD) guide, that highlighted four main themes in regard to the doctoral training experience; what was going well, what was not going well, proposed solutions to current challenges and perceived high priority areas for improvement. The two groups came together again and the note-takers from each group presented their data and discussions were recorded by a note-taker. Results: Twelve out of 36 invited mentors (33%) and 22 out of 40 invited mentees (55%) attended the workshop. Mentors and mentees noted increasing numbers of doctoral students and mentors, which provided opportunities for peer mentorship. Delays in procurement and research regulatory processes subsequently delayed students' projects. Similarly, mentees mentioned challenges of limited; 1) infrastructure and mentors to support basic science research projects, 2) physical office space for doctoral students and their mentors, 3) skills in budgeting and finance management and 4) communication skills including conflict resolution. As solutions, the team proposed skills' training, induction courses for doctoral students-mentor teams, and a Frequently Asked Questions' document, to better inform mentors', mentees' expectations and experiences. Conclusion: Systemic and infrastructural limitations affect the quality of the doctoral training experience at MaKCHS. Clinical and biomedical research infrastructure, in addition to training in research regulatory processes, procurement and finance management, communication skills and information technology, were highlighted as high priority areas for strategic interventions to improve mentoring within doctoral training of clinician scientists. © 2014 Nakanjako et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Capacity building; Doctoral training; Health care; Low and middle income countries; Mentorship; Supervision; Uganda	academic achievement; article; evaluation study; methodology; organization and management; program evaluation; qualitative research; school; standard; teacher; Uganda; Education, Graduate; Mentors; Program Evaluation; Qualitative Research; Schools, Health Occupations; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952094730	Lessons learnt from comprehensive evaluation of community-based education in Uganda: A proposal for an ideal model community-based education for health professional training institutions	Kaye D.K., Muhwezi W.W., Kasozi A.N., Kijjambu S., Mbalinda S.N., Okullo I., Nabirye R.C., Oria H., Atuyambe L., Groves S., Burnham G., Mwanika A.	2011	BMC Medical Education	11	1	10.1186/1472-6920-11-7	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Nursing, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Kaye, D.K., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Muhwezi, W.W., Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kasozi, A.N., School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kijjambu, S., School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Mbalinda, S.N., Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Okullo, I., Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Nabirye, R.C., Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Oria, H., Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Atuyambe, L., Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Groves, S., Department of Nursing, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Burnham, G., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mwanika, A., Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Community-based education (CBE) can provide contextual learning that addresses manpower scarcity by enabling trainees acquire requisite experiences, competence, confidence and values. In Uganda, many health professional training institutions conduct some form of community-based education (CBE). However, there is scanty information on the nature of the training: whether a curriculum exists (objectives, intended outcomes, content, implementation strategy), administration and constraints faced. The objective was to make a comprehensive assessment of CBE as implemented by Ugandan health professional training institutions to document the nature of CBE conducted and propose an ideal model with minimum requirements for health professional training institutions in Uganda. Methods. We employed several methods: documentary review of curricula of 22 institutions, so as to assess the nature, purpose, outcomes, and methods of instruction and assessment; site visits to these institutions and their CBE sites, to assess the learning environment (infrastructure and resources); in-depth interviews with key people involved in running CBE at the institutions and community, to evaluate CBE implementation, challenges experienced and perceived solutions. Results: CBE was perceived differently ranging from a subject, a course, a program or a project. Despite having similar curricula, institutions differ in the administration, implementation and assessment of CBE. Objectives of CBE, the curricula content and implementation strategies differ in similar institutions. On collaborative and social learning, most trainees do not reside in the community, though they work on group projects and write group reports. Lectures and skills demonstrations were the main instruction methods. Assessment involved mainly continuous assessment, oral or written reports and summative examination. Conclusion: This assessment identified deficiencies in the design and implementation of CBE at several health professional training institutions, with major flaws identified in curriculum content, supervision of trainees, inappropriate assessment, trainee welfare, and underutilization of opportunities for contextual and collaborative learning. Since CBE showed potential to benefit the trainees, community and institutions, we propose a model that delivers a minimum package of CBE and overcomes the wide variation in the concept, conduct and implementation of CBE. © 2011 Kaye et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; attitude to health; clinical competence; curriculum; demography; education; educational model; evaluation; health care personnel; human; learning; needs assessment; teaching; Uganda; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Learning; Models, Educational; Needs Assessment; Residence Characteristics; Teaching; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945341623	Participant evaluation of an education module on interprofessional collaboration for students in healthcare studies	Tsakitzidis G., Timmermans O., Callewaert N., Truijen S., Meulemans H., Van Royen P.	2015	BMC Medical Education	15	1	10.1186/s12909-015-0477-0	Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Hz University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, Artesis-Plantijn University College of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Sociology and Research, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Tsakitzidis, G., Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Timmermans, O., Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Hz University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, Netherlands; Callewaert, N., Department of Health Sciences, Artesis-Plantijn University College of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Truijen, S., Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Meulemans, H., Department of Sociology and Research, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Van Royen, P., Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	Background: Interprofessional collaboration is considered a key-factor to deliver the highest quality of care. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) assumes a model of working together, in particular with awareness of the process of interprofessional collaboration, to develop an integrated and cohesive answer to the needs of the client/family/population. Educational modules are developed in response to a perceived need to improve interprofessional collaboration for the benefit of patientcare. Up until 2005 no explicit module on interprofessional collaboration existed in the education programs of the Antwerp University Association (AUHA). During a decade the 'Interprofessional Collaboration In Healthcare (IPCIHC) - module' is organised and evaluated by its participants. Methods: One group, post-test design was used to gather data from the participating students using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected between March 2005 and March 2014 from participating final year students in healthcare educational programs. Results: 3568 (84 % overall response) students evaluated the IPCIHC module from 2005 up to 2014. Over 80 % of the participants were convinced the IPCIHC increased their knowledge and changed their understanding that it will impact their future professional relationships, and felt a greater understanding about problem-solving in healthcare teams. Even though the results indicate that the goals of the IPCIHC module were achieved, less than 60 % of the participants experienced a change in attitude towards other professional groups. Conclusions: Despite the positive outcomes from the participants, the challenge still remains to keep on educating future healthcare providers in interprofessional collaboration in order to achieve an increase in interprofessional behaviour towards other professional groups. Research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of undergraduate programs on the quality and safety of patientcare in practice. © 2015 Tsakitzidis et al.	Collaborate; Education; Healthcare; Interprofessional	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447262797	Evaluation of a learner-designed course for teaching health research skills in Ghana	Bates I., Ansong D., Bedu-Addo G., Agbenyega T., Akoto A.Y.O., Nsiah-Asare A., Karikari P.	2007	BMC Medical Education	7	None	10.1186/1472-6920-7-18	Disease Control Strategy Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana	Bates, I., Disease Control Strategy Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Ansong, D., Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Bedu-Addo, G., Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana; Agbenyega, T., School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana; Akoto, A.Y.O., Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Nsiah-Asare, A., Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Karikari, P., Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana	Background. In developing countries the ability to conduct locally-relevant health research and high quality education are key tools in the fight against poverty. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel UK accredited, learner-designed research skills course delivered in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Methods. Study participants were 15 mixed speciality health professionals from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Effectiveness measures included process, content and outcome indicators to evaluate changes in learners' confidence and competence in research, and assessment of the impact of the course on changing research-related thinking and behaviour. Results were verified using two independent methods. Results. 14/15 learners gained research competence assessed against UK Quality Assurance Agency criteria. After the course there was a 36% increase in the groups' positive responses to statements concerning confidence in research-related attitudes, intentions and actions. The greatest improvement (45% increase) was in learners' actions, which focused on strengthening institutional research capacity. 79% of paired before/after responses indicated positive changes in individual learners' research-related attitudes (n = 53), 81% in intention (n = 52) and 85% in action (n = 52). The course had increased learners' confidence to start and manage research, and enhanced life-long skills such as reflective practice and self-confidence. Doing their own research within the work environment, reflecting on personal research experiences and utilising peer support and pooled knowledge were critical elements that promoted learning. Conclusion. Learners in Ghana were able to design and undertake a novel course that developed individual and institutional research capacity and met international standards. Learning by doing and a supportive peer community at work were critical elements in promoting learning in this environment where tutors were scarce. Our study provides a model for delivering and evaluating innovative educational interventions in developing countries to assess whether they meet external quality criteria and achieve their objectives. © 2007 Bates et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; behavior; clinical article; competence; controlled study; course evaluation; curriculum; evaluation; Ghana; health practitioner; human; knowledge; learning; medical education; medical practice; medical research; outcome assessment; peer group; quality control; self control; skill; teaching; thinking; work environment; curriculum; developing country; education; female; health care quality; health services research; male; methodology; professional competence; program development; Biomedical Research; Competency-Based Education; Developing Countries; Education, Medical, Graduate; Female; Ghana; Health Services Research; Humans; Male; Professional Competence; Program Development; Program Evaluation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880947015	The national portfolio for postgraduate family medicine training in South Africa: A descriptive study of acceptability, educational impact, and usefulness for assessment	Jenkins L., Mash B., Derese A.	2013	BMC Medical Education	13	1	10.1186/1472-6920-13-101	Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Western Cape Department of Health, University of Stellenbosch, George, South Africa; Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Centre for Education Development, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Jenkins, L., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Western Cape Department of Health, University of Stellenbosch, George, South Africa; Mash, B., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Derese, A., Centre for Education Development, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Background: Since 2007 a portfolio of learning has become a requirement for assessment of postgraduate family medicine training by the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa. A uniform portfolio of learning has been developed and content validity established among the eight postgraduate programmes. The aim of this study was to investigate the portfolio's acceptability, educational impact, and perceived usefulness for assessment of competence. Methods. Two structured questionnaires of 35 closed and open-ended questions were delivered to 53 family physician supervisors and 48 registrars who had used the portfolio. Categorical and nominal/ordinal data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. The open-ended questions were analysed with ATLAS.ti software. Results: Half of registrars did not find the portfolio clear, practical or feasible. Workshops on portfolio use, learning, and supervision were supported, and brief dedicated time daily for reflection and writing. Most supervisors felt the portfolio reflected an accurate picture of learning, but just over half of registrars agreed. While the portfolio helped with reflection on learning, participants were less convinced about how it helped them plan further learning. Supervisors graded most rotations, suggesting understanding the summative aspect, while only 61% of registrars reflected on rotations, suggesting the formative aspects are not yet optimally utilised. Poor feedback, the need for protected academic time, and pressure of service delivery impacting negatively on learning. Conclusion: This first introduction of a national portfolio for postgraduate training in family medicine in South Africa faces challenges similar to those in other countries. Acceptability of the portfolio relates to a clear purpose and guide, flexible format with tools available in the workplace, and appreciating the changing educational environment from university-based to national assessments. The role of the supervisor in direct observations of the registrar and dedicated educational meetings, giving feedback and support, cannot be overemphasized. © 2013 Jenkins et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; clinical competence; education; female; general practice; health personnel attitude; human; male; medical education; methodology; middle aged; questionnaire; South Africa; standard; general practice; medical education; procedures; standards; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; South Africa; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927716182	The impact of a faculty development programme for health professions educators in sub-Saharan Africa: An archival study	Frantz J.M., Bezuidenhout J., Burch V.C., Mthembu S., Rowe M., Tan C., Van Wyk J., Van Heerden B.	2015	BMC Medical Education	15	1	10.1186/s12909-015-0320-7	Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing, Pietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Medical Education and Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Frantz, J.M., Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, J., Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Burch, V.C., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Mthembu, S., KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing, Pietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Rowe, M., Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Tan, C., Medical Education and Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Van Wyk, J., College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Van Heerden, B., Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Background: In 2008 the sub-Saharan FAIMER Regional Institute launched a faculty development programme aimed at enhancing the academic and research capacity of health professions educators working in sub-Saharan Africa. This two-year programme, a combination of residential and distance learning activities, focuses on developing the leadership, project management and programme evaluation skills of participants as well as teaching the key principles of health professions education-curriculum design, teaching and learning and assessment. Participants also gain first-hand research experience by designing and conducting an education innovation project in their home institutions. This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of participants regarding the personal and professional impact of the SAFRI programme. Methods: A retrospective document review, which included data about fellows who completed the programme between 2008 and 2011, was performed. Data included fellows' descriptions of their expectations, reflections on achievements and information shared on an online discussion forum. Data were analysed using Kirkpatrick's evaluation framework. Results: Participants (n=61) came from 10 African countries and included a wide range of health professions educators. Five key themes about the impact of the SAFRI programme were identified: (1) belonging to a community of practice, (2) personal development, (3) professional development, (4) capacity development, and (5) tools/strategies for project management and/or advancement. Conclusion: The SAFRI programme has a positive developmental impact on both participants and their respective institutions. © 2015 Frantz et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Evaluation; Faculty development; Kirkpatrick framework	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55149125393	Evaluation of the quality of informed consent in a vaccine field trial in a developing country setting	Minnies D., Hawkridge T., Hanekom W., Ehrlich R., London L., Hussey G.	2008	BMC Medical Ethics	9	None	10.1186/1472-6939-9-15	Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Minnies, D., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hawkridge, T., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hanekom, W., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Ehrlich, R., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; London, L., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hussey, G., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background. Informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement for research involving human participants. However, few studies have evaluated the process, particularly in Africa. Participants in a case control study designed to identify correlates of immune protection against tuberculosis (TB) in South Africa. This study was in turn nested in a large TB vaccine efficacy trial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of consent in the case control study, and to identify factors that may influence the quality of consent. Cross-sectional study conducted over a 4 month period. Methods. Consent was obtained from parents of trial participants. These parents were asked to complete a questionnaire that contained questions about the key elements of informed consent (voluntary participation, confidentiality, the main risks and benefits, etc.). The recall (success in selecting the correct answers) and understanding (correctness of interpretation of statements presented) were measured. Results. The majority of the 192 subjects interviewed obtained scores greater than 75% for both the recall and understanding sections. The median score for recall was 66%; interquartile range (IQR) = 55%-77% and for understanding 75% (IQR = 50%-87%). Most (79%) were aware of the risks and 64% knew that they participated voluntarily. Participants who had completed Grade 7 at school and higher were more likely (OR = 4.94; 95% CI = 1.57 - 15.55) to obtain scores greater than 75% for recall than those who did not. Participants who were consented by professional nurses who had worked for more than two years in research were also more likely (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.35-5.07) to obtain such scores for recall than those who were not. Conclusion. Notwithstanding the constraints in a developing country, in a population with low levels of literacy and education, the quality of informed consent found in this study could be considered as building blocks for establishing acceptable standards for public health research. Education level of respondents and experience of research staff taking the consent were associated with good quality informed consent. © 2008 Minnies et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	BCG vaccine; adolescent; adult; article; BCG vaccination; comprehension; developing country; education; female; health services research; human; informed consent; mother; normal human; nurse attitude; quality control; questionnaire; recall; research ethics; South Africa; tuberculosis; case control study; cross-sectional study; educational status; ethics; evaluation; lung tuberculosis; male; standard; Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Comprehension; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Informed Consent; Male; Mental Recall; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69849099187	Impact of social stigma on the process of obtaining informed consent for genetic research on podoconiosis: A qualitative study	Tekola F., Bull S., Farsides B., Newport M.J., Adeyemo A., Rotimi C.N., Davey G.	2009	BMC Medical Ethics	10	1	10.1186/1472-6939-10-13	School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Sussex, United Kingdom; Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States; Ethox Center, Division of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, United Kingdom	Tekola, F., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Sussex, United Kingdom, Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States; Bull, S., Ethox Center, Division of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Farsides, B., Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Sussex, United Kingdom; Newport, M.J., Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Sussex, United Kingdom; Adeyemo, A., Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States; Rotimi, C.N., Centre for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States; Davey, G., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background. The consent process for a genetic study is challenging when the research is conducted in a group stigmatized because of beliefs that the disease is familial. Podoconiosis, also known as 'mossy foot', is an example of such a disease. It is a condition resulting in swelling of the lower legs among people exposed to red clay soil. It is a very stigmatizing problem in endemic areas of Ethiopia because of the widely held opinion that the disease runs in families and is untreatable. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of social stigma on the process of obtaining consent for a study on the genetics of podoconiosis in Southern Ethiopia. Methods. We adapted a rapid assessment tool validated in The Gambia. The methodology was qualitative involving focus-group discussions (n = 4) and in-depth interviews (n = 25) with community members, fieldworkers, researchers and staff of the Mossy Foot Treatment and Prevention Association (MFTPA) working on prevention and treatment of podoconiosis. Results. We found that patients were afraid of participation in a genetic study for fear the study might aggravate stigmatization by publicizing the familial nature of the disease. The MFTPA was also concerned that discussion about the familial nature of podoconiosis would disappoint patients and would threaten the trust they have in the organization. In addition, participants of the rapid assessment stressed that the genetic study should be approved at family level before prospective participants are approached for consent. Based on this feedback, we developed and implemented a consent process involving community consensus and education of fieldworkers, community members and health workers. In addition, we utilized the experience and established trust of the MFTPA to diminish the perceived risk. Conclusion. The study showed that the consent process developed based on issues highlighted in the rapid assessment facilitated recruitment of participants and increased their confidence that the genetic research would not fuel stigma. Therefore, investigators must seek to assess and address risks of research from prospective participants' perspectives. This involves understanding the issues in the society, the culture, community dialogues and developing a consent process that takes all these into consideration. © 2009 Tekola et al.	None	adult; aged; article; community medicine; consensus; controlled study; Ethiopia; fear; female; field work; Gambia; genetics; health care personnel; health education; human; informed consent; major clinical study; male; medical research; medical society; motivation; patient decision making; patient participation; perception; podoconiosis; qualitative research; risk assessment; stigma; clay; community care; confidentiality; economics; elephantiasis; ethics; genetic predisposition; information processing; middle aged; patient selection; psychological aspect; questionnaire; research subject; risk factor; social psychology; soil; trust; verbal communication; aluminum silicate; Adult; Aged; Aluminum Silicates; Community Health Services; Confidentiality; Elephantiasis; Ethiopia; Female; Focus Groups; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Research; Humans; Informed Consent; Male; Middle Aged; Narration; Patient Selection; Qualitative Research; Questionnaires; Research Subjects; Risk Factors; Soil; Stereotyping; Trust	None
WoS	WOS:000322634100001	Evaluating institutional capacity for research ethics in Africa: a case study from Botswana	Ali, Joseph,Hyder, Adnan A.,Kass, Nancy,Ndebele, Paul,Ssekubugu, Robert,Zafar, Waleed	2013	BMC MEDICAL ETHICS	14	None	10.1186/1472-6939-14-31	Johns Hopkins University, Uganda Virus Research Institute, University of Botswana	"Ali, Joseph: Johns Hopkins University","Ndebele, Paul: University of Botswana","Ssekubugu, Robert: Uganda Virus Research Institute","Zafar, Waleed: Johns Hopkins University"	Background: The increase in the volume of research conducted in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), has brought a renewed international focus on processes for ethical conduct of research. Several programs have been initiated to strengthen the capacity for research ethics in LMIC. However, most such programs focus on individual training or development of ethics review committees. The objective of this paper is to present an approach to institutional capacity assessment in research ethics and application of this approach in the form of a case study from an institution in Africa. Methods: We adapted the Octagon model originally used by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency to assess an organization along eight domains in research ethics: basic values and identity; structure and organization; ability to carry out activities; relevance of activities to stated goals; capacity of staff and management; administrative, financing and accounting systems; its relations with target groups; and the national context. We used a mixed methods approach to collect empirical data at the University of Botswana from March to December 2010. Results: The overall shape of the external evaluation Octagon suggests that strengths of the University of Botswana are in the areas of structure, relevance, production and identity; while the university still needs more work in the areas of systems of finance, target groups, and environment. The Octagons also show the similarities and discrepancies between the 'external' and 'internal' evaluations and provide an opportunity for exploration of these different assessments. For example, the discrepant score for 'identity' between internal and external evaluations allows for an exploration of what constitutes a strong identity for research ethics at the University of Botswana and how it can be strengthened. Conclusions: There is a general lack of frameworks for evaluating research ethics capacity in LMICs. We presented an approach that stresses evaluation from both internal and external perspectives. This case study highlights the university's rapid progress in developing research ethics capacity and points to some notable areas for improvement. We believe that such an empirically-driven and participatory assessment allows a more holistic measurement and promotion of institutional capacity strengthening for research ethics in LMICs.	Africa,BIOETHICS,BOTSWANA,"capacity development","research ethics",CLINICAL-RESEARCH,GLOBALIZATION,"HEALTH RESEARCH","MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES",POLICY,SYSTEMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908498374	Comparing a paper based monitoring and evaluation system to a mHealth system to support the national community health worker programme, South Africa: An evaluation	Neupane S., Odendaal W., Friedman I., Jassat W., Schneider H., Doherty T.	2014	BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making	14	1	10.1186/1472-6947-14-69	School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Seed Trust, Durban, South Africa; Health Systems Trust, Durban, South Africa	Neupane, S., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Odendaal, W., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Friedman, I., Seed Trust, Durban, South Africa; Jassat, W., Health Systems Trust, Durban, South Africa; Schneider, H., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Doherty, T., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: In an attempt to address a complex disease burden, including improving progress towards MDGs 4 and 5, South Africa recently introduced a re-engineered Primary Health Care (PHC) strategy, which has led to the development of a national community health worker (CHW) programme. The present study explored the development of a cell phone-based and paper-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to support the work of the CHWs.Methods. One sub-district in the North West province was identified for the evaluation. One outreach team comprising ten CHWs maintained both the paper forms and mHealth system to record household data on community-based services. A comparative analysis was done to calculate the correspondence between the paper and phone records. A focus group discussion was conducted with the CHWs. Clinical referrals, data accuracy and supervised visits were compared and analysed for the paper and phone systems.Results: Compared to the mHealth system where data accuracy was assured, 40% of the CHWs showed a consistently high level (>90% correspondence) of data transfer accuracy on paper. Overall, there was an improvement over time, and by the fifth month, all CHWs achieved a correspondence of 90% or above between phone and paper data. The most common error that occurred was summing the total number of visits and/or activities across the five household activity indicators. Few supervised home visits were recorded in either system and there was no evidence of the team leader following up on the automatic notifications received on their cell phones.Conclusions: The evaluation emphasizes the need for regular supervision for both systems and rigorous and ongoing assessments of data quality for the paper system. Formalization of a mHealth M&E system for PHC outreach teams delivering community based services could offer greater accuracy of M&E and enhance supervision systems for CHWs. © 2014Neupane et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Community based services; Community health workers; mHealth; Monitoring and evaluation	comparative study; evaluation study; health auxiliary; human; medical record; public health; South Africa; standards; telemedicine; Community Health Workers; Humans; Medical Records; National Health Programs; South Africa; Telemedicine	None
WoS	WOS:000323978800001	Using electronic technology to improve clinical care - results from a before-after cluster trial to evaluate assessment and classification of sick children according to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol in Tanzania	Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L.,Lesh, Neal,Mitchell, Marc,Msellemu, Daniel,Nkaka, Melania	2013	BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING	13	None	10.1186/1472-6947-13-95	Harvard University, Dimagi Inc, D Tree Int, Ifakara Hlth Inst	None	Background: Poor adherence to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol reduces the potential impact on under-five morbidity and mortality. Electronic technology could improve adherence; however there are few studies demonstrating the benefits of such technology in a resource-poor settings. This study estimates the impact of electronic technology on adherence to the IMCI protocols as compared to the current paper-based protocols in Tanzania. Methods: In four districts in Tanzania, 18 clinics were randomly selected for inclusion. At each site, observers documented critical parts of the clinical assessment of children aged 2 months to 5 years. The first set of observations occurred during examination of children using paper-based IMCI (pIMCI) and the next set of observations occurred during examination using the electronic IMCI (eIMCI). Children were re-examined by an IMCI expert and the diagnoses were compared. A total of 1221 children (671 paper, 550 electronic) were observed. Results: For all ten critical IMCI items included in both systems, adherence to the protocol was greater for eIMCI than for pIMCI. The proportion assessed under pIMCI ranged from 61% to 98% compared to 92% to 100% under eIMCI (p &lt; 0.05 for each of the ten assessment items). Conclusions: Use of electronic systems improved the completeness of assessment of children with acute illness in Tanzania. With the before-after nature of the design, potential for temporal confounding is the primary limitation. However, the data collection for both phases occurred over a short period (one month) and so temporal confounding was expected to be minimal. The results suggest that the use of electronic IMCI protocols can improve the completeness and consistency of clinical assessments and future studies will examine the long-term health and health systems impact of eIMCI.	,GUIDELINES,HEALTH-WORKERS,IMPLEMENTATION,"MULTICOUNTRY EVALUATION",STRATEGY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893353935	Performance of four computer-coded verbal autopsy methods for cause of death assignment compared with physician coding on 24,000 deaths in low- and middle-income countries	Desai N., Aleksandrowicz L., Miasnikof P., Lu Y., Leitao J., Byass P., Tollman S., Mee P., Alam D., Rathi S.K., Singh A., Kumar R., Ram F., Jha P.	2014	BMC Medicine	12	1	10.1186/1741-7015-12-20	Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Center for the Promotion of Research Involving Innovative Statistical Methodology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York NY, United States; WHO Collaborating Centre for Verbal Autopsy, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Medical Research Council, Wits Univ. Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations, Their Health (INDEPTH) Network, Accra, Ghana; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Chandigarh, India	Desai, N., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Aleksandrowicz, L., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Miasnikof, P., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Lu, Y., Center for the Promotion of Research Involving Innovative Statistical Methodology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York NY, United States; Leitao, J., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Byass, P., WHO Collaborating Centre for Verbal Autopsy, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Tollman, S., Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Medical Research Council, Wits Univ. Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations, Their Health (INDEPTH) Network, Accra, Ghana; Mee, P., Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Medical Research Council, Wits Univ. Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alam, D., International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Rathi, S.K., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Singh, A., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Kumar, R., School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Chandigarh, India; Ram, F., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Jha, P., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada	Background: Physician-coded verbal autopsy (PCVA) is the most widely used method to determine causes of death (CODs) in countries where medical certification of death is uncommon. Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) methods have been proposed as a faster and cheaper alternative to PCVA, though they have not been widely compared to PCVA or to each other.Methods: We compared the performance of open-source random forest, open-source tariff method, InterVA-4, and the King-Lu method to PCVA on five datasets comprising over 24,000 verbal autopsies from low- and middle-income countries. Metrics to assess performance were positive predictive value and partial chance-corrected concordance at the individual level, and cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy and cause-specific mortality fraction error at the population level.Results: The positive predictive value for the most probable COD predicted by the four CCVA methods averaged about 43% to 44% across the datasets. The average positive predictive value improved for the top three most probable CODs, with greater improvements for open-source random forest (69%) and open-source tariff method (68%) than for InterVA-4 (62%). The average partial chance-corrected concordance for the most probable COD predicted by the open-source random forest, open-source tariff method and InterVA-4 were 41%, 40% and 41%, respectively, with better results for the top three most probable CODs. Performance generally improved with larger datasets. At the population level, the King-Lu method had the highest average cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy across all five datasets (91%), followed by InterVA-4 (72% across three datasets), open-source random forest (71%) and open-source tariff method (54%).Conclusions: On an individual level, no single method was able to replicate the physician assignment of COD more than about half the time. At the population level, the King-Lu method was the best method to estimate cause-specific mortality fractions, though it does not assign individual CODs. Future testing should focus on combining different computer-coded verbal autopsy tools, paired with PCVA strengths. This includes using open-source tools applied to larger and varied datasets (especially those including a random sample of deaths drawn from the population), so as to establish the performance for age- and sex-specific CODs. © 2014 Desai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Causes of death; Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA); InterVA-4; King-Lu; Physician-certified verbal autopsy (PCVA); Random forest; Tariff method; Validation; Verbal autopsy	adolescent; adult; aged; article; autopsy; cause of death; child; computer coded verbal autopsy; computer program; controlled study; death certificate; human; infant; intermethod comparison; interVA 4 method; king lu method; lowest income group; measurement accuracy; middle aged; mortality; newborn; physician; physician coded verbal autopsy; predictive value; preschool child; procedures, parameters and devices; random forest; school child; Tariff method; task performance; very elderly; young adult; Automatic Data Processing; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Databases, Factual; Humans; Physician's Role; Poverty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846706254	Prioritising between direct observation of therapy and case-finding interventions for tuberculosis: Use of population impact measures	Heller R.F., Gemmell I., Edwards R., Buchan I., Awasthi S., Volmink J.A.	2006	BMC Medicine	4	None	10.1186/1741-7015-4-35	Evidence for Population Health Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand; King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Heller, R.F., Evidence for Population Health Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Gemmell, I., Evidence for Population Health Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Edwards, R., University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand; Buchan, I., Evidence for Population Health Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Awasthi, S., King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India; Volmink, J.A., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Background: Population impact measures (PIMs) have been developed as tools to help policy-makers with locally relevant decisions over health risks and benefits. This involves estimating and prioritising potential benefits of interventions in specific populations. Using tuberculosis (TB) in India as an example, we examined the population impact of two interventions: direct observation of therapy and increasing case-finding. Methods: PIMs were calculated using published literature and national data for India, and applied to a notional population of 100 000 people. Data included the incidence or prevalence of smear-positive TB and the relative risk reduction from increasing case finding and the use of direct observation of therapy (applied to the baseline risks over the next year), and the incremental proportion of the population eligible for the proposed interventions. Results: In a population of 100 000 peo ple in India, the directly observed component of the Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) programme may prevent 0.188 deaths from TB in the next year compared with 1.79 deaths by increasing TB case finding. The costs of direct observation are (in international dollars) I$5960 and of case finding are I$4839 or I$31702 and I$2703 per life saved respectively. Conclusion: Increasing case-finding for TB will save nearly 10 times more lives than will the use of the directly observed component of DOTS in India, at a smaller cost per life saved. The demonstration of the population impact, using simple and explicit numbers, may be of value to policy-makers as they prioritise interventions for their populations. © 2006 Heller et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; clinical protocol; death; directly observed therapy; health care cost; human; incidence; India; major clinical study; population research; prevalence; risk reduction; short course therapy; tuberculosis; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Directly Observed Therapy; Humans; Incidence; India; Prevalence; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905911793	Findings from the SASA! Study: A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda	Abramsky T., Devries K., Kiss L., Nakuti J., Kyegombe N., Starmann E., Cundill B., Francisco L., Kaye D., Musuya T., Michau L., Watts C.	2014	BMC Medicine	12	1	10.1186/s12916-014-0122-5	Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Raising Voices, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Centre for Domestic Violence Prevention, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda	Abramsky, T., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Devries, K., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Kiss, L., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Nakuti, J., Raising Voices, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Kyegombe, N., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Starmann, E., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Cundill, B., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Francisco, L., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kaye, D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Musuya, T., Centre for Domestic Violence Prevention, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Michau, L., Raising Voices, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Watts, C., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom	Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are important and interconnected public health concerns. While it is recognized that they share common social drivers, there is limited evidence surrounding the potential of community interventions to reduce violence and HIV risk at the community level. The SASA! study assessed the community-level impact of SASA!, a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence and reduce HIV-risk behaviors. Methods: From 2007 to 2012 a pair-matched cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) was conducted in eight communities (four intervention and four control) in Kampala, Uganda. Cross-sectional surveys of a random sample of community members, 18- to 49-years old, were undertaken at baseline (n = 1,583) and four years post intervention implementation (n = 2,532). Six violence and HIV-related primary outcomes were defined a priori. An adjusted cluster-level intention-to-treat analysis compared outcomes in intervention and control communities at follow-up.Results: The intervention was associated with significantly lower social acceptance of IPV among women (adjusted risk ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.79) and lower acceptance among men (0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.15); significantly greater acceptance that a woman can refuse sex among women (1.28, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and men (1.31, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.70); 52% lower past year experience of physical IPV among women (0.48, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.39); and lower levels of past year experience of sexual IPV (0.76, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.72). Women experiencing violence in intervention communities were more likely to receive supportive community responses. Reported past year sexual concurrency by men was significantly lower in intervention compared to control communities (0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.91). Conclusions: This is the first CRT in sub-Saharan Africa to assess the community impact of a mobilization program on the social acceptability of IPV, the past year prevalence of IPV and levels of sexual concurrency. SASA! achieved important community impacts, and is now being delivered in control communities and replicated in 15 countries.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT00790959,. Study protocol available at http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/13/1/96. © 2014 Abramsky et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Community mobilization; East Africa; Gender based violence; HIV; Impact evaluation; Intimate partner violence; Uganda; Violence prevention	adult; Article; community care; concurrent sexual partnership; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; follow up; health care survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection risk; intention to treat analysis; intervention study; male; outcome assessment; partner violence; random sample; randomized controlled trial; risk reduction; sexual behavior; sexual violence; social acceptance; Uganda; adolescent; cluster analysis; community care; HIV Infections; middle aged; partner violence; prevention and control; risk factor; statistics and numerical data; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Adult; Cluster Analysis; Community Health Services; Community Networks; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Spouse Abuse; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
None	None	Using verbal autopsy to measure causes of death: The comparative performance of existing methods	Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Flaxman A.D., Serina P., Phillips D., Stewart A., James S.L., Vahdatpour A., Atkinson C., Freeman M.K., Ohno S.L., Black R., Ali S.M., Baqui A.H., Dandona L., Dantzer E., Darmstadt G.L., Das V., Dhingra U., Dutta A., Fawzi W., Gó	2014	BMC Medicine	12	1	10.1186/1741-7015-12-5	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; National Institute of Public Health, Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St #5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Public Health Laboratory-IdC, P.O. BOX 122 Wawi Chake Chake Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Public Health Foundation of India, ISID Campus, 4 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India; Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Global Development, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98012, United States; CSM Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India; Dept of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E5521, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, Chake-Chake, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Johns Hopkins University, 214A Basement, Vinobapuri Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi 110024, India; Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6018, United States; The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, 83/117 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Corporate Ave, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 314 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; The George Institute for Global Health, 839C, Road No. 44A, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Level 2 Public Health Building School of Population Health, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Building 379, 207 Bouverie St., Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia	Murray, C.J.L., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Lozano, R., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Flaxman, A.D., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Serina, P., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Phillips, D., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Stewart, A., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; James, S.L., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Vahdatpour, A., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Atkinson, C., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Freeman, M.K., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Ohno, S.L., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Black, R., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St #5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Ali, S.M., Public Health Laboratory-IdC, P.O. BOX 122 Wawi Chake Chake Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Baqui, A.H., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St #5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Dandona, L., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States, Public Health Foundation of India, ISID Campus, 4 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India; Dantzer, E., Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Darmstadt, G.L., Global Development, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98012, United States; Das, V., CSM Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India; Dhingra, U., Dept of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E5521, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, Chake-Chake, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Dutta, A., Johns Hopkins University, 214A Basement, Vinobapuri Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi 110024, India; Fawzi, W., Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-6018, United States; Gómez, S., National Institute of Public Health, Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Hernández, B., Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, United States; Joshi, R., The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, 83/117 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Kalter, H.D., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St #5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Kumar, A., Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India; Kumar, V., Community Empowerment Lab, Shivgarh, India; Lucero, M., Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Corporate Ave, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines; Mehta, S., Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 314 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Neal, B., The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, 83/117 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Praveen, D., The George Institute for Global Health, 839C, Road No. 44A, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India; Premji, Z., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ramírez-Villalobos, D., National Institute of Public Health, Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Remolador, H., Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Corporate Ave, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines; Riley, I., School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Level 2 Public Health Building School of Population Health, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Romero, M., National Institute of Public Health, Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Said, M., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sanvictores, D., Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Corporate Ave, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines; Sazawal, S., Dept of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E5521, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, Chake-Chake, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Tallo, V., Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Corporate Ave, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines; Lopez, A.D., University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Building 379, 207 Bouverie St., Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia	Background: Monitoring progress with disease and injury reduction in many populations will require widespread use of verbal autopsy (VA). Multiple methods have been developed for assigning cause of death from a VA but their application is restricted by uncertainty about their reliability.Methods: We investigated the validity of five automated VA methods for assigning cause of death: InterVA-4, Random Forest (RF), Simplified Symptom Pattern (SSP), Tariff method (Tariff), and King-Lu (KL), in addition to physician review of VA forms (PCVA), based on 12,535 cases from diverse populations for which the true cause of death had been reliably established. For adults, children, neonates and stillbirths, performance was assessed separately for individuals using sensitivity, specificity, Kappa, and chance-corrected concordance (CCC) and for populations using cause specific mortality fraction (CSMF) accuracy, with and without additional diagnostic information from prior contact with health services. A total of 500 train-test splits were used to ensure that results are robust to variation in the underlying cause of death distribution.Results: Three automated diagnostic methods, Tariff, SSP, and RF, but not InterVA-4, performed better than physician review in all age groups, study sites, and for the majority of causes of death studied. For adults, CSMF accuracy ranged from 0.764 to 0.770, compared with 0.680 for PCVA and 0.625 for InterVA; CCC varied from 49.2% to 54.1%, compared with 42.2% for PCVA, and 23.8% for InterVA. For children, CSMF accuracy was 0.783 for Tariff, 0.678 for PCVA, and 0.520 for InterVA; CCC was 52.5% for Tariff, 44.5% for PCVA, and 30.3% for InterVA. For neonates, CSMF accuracy was 0.817 for Tariff, 0.719 for PCVA, and 0.629 for InterVA; CCC varied from 47.3% to 50.3% for the three automated methods, 29.3% for PCVA, and 19.4% for InterVA. The method with the highest sensitivity for a specific cause varied by cause.Conclusions: Physician review of verbal autopsy questionnaires is less accurate than automated methods in determining both individual and population causes of death. Overall, Tariff performs as well or better than other methods and should be widely applied in routine mortality surveillance systems with poor cause of death certification practices. © 2014 Murray et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Cause of death; InterVA; King-Lu; Random forests; Symptom pattern; Tariff; VA; Validation; Verbal autopsy	article; autopsy; cause of death; controlled study; diagnostic procedure; groups by age; health service; human; medical information system; mortality; physician; stillbirth; verbal autopsy; Adult; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Internationality; Physician's Role; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938574028	The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: What does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?	Arokiasamy P., Uttamacharya U., Jain K., Biritwum R.B., Yawson A.E., Wu F., Guo Y., Maximova T., Espinoza B.M., Salinas Rodríguez A., Afshar S., Pati S., Ice G., Banerjee S., Liebert M.A., Snodgrass J.J., Naidoo N., Chatterji S., Kowal P.	2015	BMC Medicine	13	1	10.1186/s12916-015-0402-8	International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Moscow, Russian Federation; National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, United Kingdom; Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Ohio University, Department of Social Medicine and Director of Global Health, Athens, OH, United States; Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia	Arokiasamy, P., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Uttamacharya, U., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Jain, K., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Biritwum, R.B., Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Yawson, A.E., Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Wu, F., Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Guo, Y., Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Maximova, T., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Moscow, Russian Federation; Espinoza, B.M., National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Salinas Rodríguez, A., National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Afshar, S., Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, United Kingdom; Pati, S., Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Ice, G., Ohio University, Department of Social Medicine and Director of Global Health, Athens, OH, United States; Banerjee, S., Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; Liebert, M.A., University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; Snodgrass, J.J., University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; Naidoo, N., World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Chatterji, S., World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Kowal, P., World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland, University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia	Background: Chronic diseases contribute a large share of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Chronic diseases have a tendency to occur simultaneously and where there are two or more such conditions, this is termed as 'multimorbidity'. Multimorbidity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but limited research has been undertaken in LMICs. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity as well as the associations between multimorbidity and self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life, and depression across six LMICs. Methods: Data was obtained from the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave-1 (2007/10). This was a cross-sectional population based survey performed in LMICs, namely China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, including 42,236 adults aged 18 years and older. Multimorbidity was measured as the simultaneous presence of two or more of eight chronic conditions including angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and vision impairment. Associations with four health outcomes were examined, namely ADL limitation, self-rated health, depression, and a quality of life index. Random-intercept multilevel regression models were used on pooled data from the six countries. Results: The prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity was 54.2 % and 21.9 %, respectively, in the pooled sample of six countries. Russia had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity (34.7 %) whereas China had the lowest (20.3 %). The likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age groups and was lower in those with higher socioeconomic status. In the pooled sample, the prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation was 14 %, depression 5.7 %, self-rated poor health 11.6 %, and mean quality of life score was 54.4. Substantial cross-country variations were seen in the four health outcome measures. The prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation, poor self-rated health, and depression increased whereas quality of life declined markedly with an increase in number of diseases. Conclusions: Findings highlight the challenge of multimorbidity in LMICs, particularly among the lower socioeconomic groups, and the pressing need for reorientation of health care resources considering the distribution of multimorbidity and its adverse effect on health outcomes. © 2015 Arokiasamy et al.	Activities of daily living; Low- and middle-income countries; Mental health; Multimorbidity; Non-communicable diseases; Quality of life	ADL disability; adult; age; aged; aging; angina pectoris; arthritis; Article; asthma; cerebrovascular accident; China; chronic lung disease; correlation analysis; cross-sectional study; daily life activity; depression; diabetes mellitus; disease association; female; Ghana; health care need; health care system; health status; human; hypertension; India; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; mental health; Mexico; middle aged; morbidity; multimorbidity; physical capacity; prevalence; quality of life; regression analysis; Russian Federation; self evaluation; social status; South Africa; visual impairment; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944877292	Using pay for performance incentives (P4P) to improve management of suspected malaria fevers in rural Kenya: A cluster randomized controlled trial	Menya D., Platt A., Manji I., Sang E., Wafula R., Ren J., Cheruiyot O., Armstrong J., Neelon B., O'Meara W.P.	2015	BMC Medicine	13	1	10.1186/s12916-015-0497-y	Moi University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya; Moi University School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States	Menya, D., Moi University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Platt, A., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Manji, I., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya; Sang, E., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya; Wafula, R., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya; Ren, J., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Cheruiyot, O., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya; Armstrong, J., Moi University School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Neelon, B., Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; O'Meara, W.P., Moi University School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States	Background: Inappropriate treatment of non-malaria fevers with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is a growing concern, particularly in light of emerging artemisinin resistance, but it is a behavior that has proven difficult to change. Pay for performance (P4P) programs have generated interest as a mechanism to improve health service delivery and accountability in resource-constrained health systems. However, there has been little experimental evidence to establish the effectiveness of P4P in developing countries. We tested a P4P strategy that emphasized parasitological diagnosis and appropriate treatment of suspected malaria, in particular reduction of unnecessary consumption of ACTs. Methods: A random sample of 18 health centers was selected and received a refresher workshop on malaria case management. Pre-intervention baseline data was collected from August to September 2012. Facilities were subsequently randomized to either the comparison (n=9) or intervention arm (n=9). Between October 2012 and November 2013, facilities in the intervention arm received quarterly incentive payments based on seven performance indicators. Incentives were for use by facilities rather than as payments to individual providers. All non-pregnant patients older than 1year of age who presented to a participating facility and received either a malaria test or artemether-lumefantrine (AL) were eligible to be included in the analysis. Our primary outcome was prescription of AL to patients with a negative malaria diagnostic test (n=11,953). Our secondary outcomes were prescription of AL to patients with laboratory-confirmed malaria (n=2,993) and prescription of AL to patients without a malaria diagnostic test (analyzed at the cluster level, n=178 facility-months). Results: In the final quarter of the intervention period, the proportion of malaria-negative patients in the intervention arm who received AL was lower than in the comparison arm (7.3% versus 10.9%). The improvement from baseline to quarter 4 in the intervention arm was nearly three times that of the comparison arm (ratio of adjusted odds ratios for baseline to quarter 4=0.36, 95% CI: 0.24-0.57). The rate of prescription of AL to patients without a test was five times lower in the intervention arm (adjusted incidence rate ratio=0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.48). Prescription of AL to patients with confirmed infection was not significantly different between the groups over the study period. Conclusions: Facility-based incentives coupled with training may be more effective than training alone and could complement other quality improvement approaches. Trial registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01809873 ) on 11 March 2013. © 2015 Menya et al.	Kenya; Malaria; Malaria case management; Pay for performance; Performance-based incentives	artemether; artemisinin; benflumetol; Article; child; clinical effectiveness; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; endemic disease; evidence based medicine; financial management; funding; health care cost; health care delivery; health care facility; health center; health program; human; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; microscopy; multicenter study; outcome assessment; pay for performance program; preschool child; quality control; randomized controlled trial; rural population; school child; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35348913706	Parasitological impact of 2-year preventive chemotherapy on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Uganda	Zhang Y., Koukounari A., Kabatereine N., Fleming F., Kazibwe F., Tukahebwa E., Stothard J.R., Webster J.P., Fenwick A.	2007	BMC Medicine	5	None	10.1186/1741-7015-5-27	Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom	Zhang, Y., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Koukounari, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Kabatereine, N., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Fleming, F., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Kazibwe, F., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Tukahebwa, E., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Stothard, J.R., Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Webster, J.P., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Background: Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are among the neglected tropical diseases in Africa. A national control program for these diseases was initiated in Uganda during March 2003. Annual treatment with praziquantel and albendazole was given to schoolchildren in endemic areas and to adults in selected communities where local prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in schoolchildren was high. Methods: The impact of the treatment program was monitored through cohorts of schoolchildren and adults. Their infection status with S. mansoni and STH was determined by parasitological examinations at baseline and at annual follow-ups. The prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni and STH before and after treatment were analyzed. Results: Two rounds of treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in schoolchildren across three regions in the country from 33.4-49.3% to 9.7-29.6%, and intensity of infection from 105.7-386.8 eggs per gram of faeces (epg) to 11.6-84.1 epg. The prevalence of hookworm infection was reduced from 41.2-57.9% to 5.5-16.1%, and intensity of infection from 186.9-416.8 epg to 3.7-36.9 epg. The proportion of children with heavy S. mansoni infection was significantly reduced from 15% (95% CI 13.4-16.8%) to 2.3% (95% CI 1.6-3.0%). In adults, significant reduction in the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni and hookworm infections was also observed. More importantly, the prevalence and intensity of both S. mansoni and hookworm infections in the cohorts of newly-recruited 6-year-olds who had never previously received treatment decreased significantly over 2 years: 34.9% (95% CI 31.9-37.8%) to 22.6% (95% CI 19.9-25.2%) and 171.1 epg (95% CI 141.5-200.7) to 72.0 epg (95% CI 50.9-93.1) for S. mansoni; and 48.4% (95% CI 45.4-51.5) to 15.9% (95% CI 13.6-18.2) and 232.7 epg (95% CI 188.4-276.9) to 51.4 epg (95% CI 33.4-69.5) for hookworms, suggesting a general decline in environmental transmission levels. Conclusion: Annual anthelminthic treatment delivered to schoolchildren and to adults at high risk in Uganda can significantly reduce the prevalence and intensity of infection for schistosomiasis and STH, and potentially also significantly reduce levels of environmental transmission of infection. © 2007 Zhang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	albendazole; praziquantel; antineoplastic agent; adult; article; ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; child; cohort analysis; confidence interval; controlled study; endemic disease; female; follow up; helminthiasis; high risk population; hookworm infection; human; infection prevention; infection risk; major clinical study; male; parasite control; parasite prevalence; parasite transmission; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; treatment duration; trichuriasis; Trichuris; Uganda; animal; comparative study; disease transmission; helminthiasis; parasitology; Schistosoma mansoni; soil; Uganda; Adult; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Helminthiasis; Humans; Male; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Soil; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926137605	Benchmarking health system performance across districts in Zambia: A systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions from 1990 to 2010	Colson K.E., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Achoki T., Fullman N., Schneider M., Mulenga P., Hangoma P., Ng M., Masiye F., Gakidou E.	2015	BMC Medicine	13	1	10.1186/s12916-015-0308-5	University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, United States; University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States; Ministry of Health of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; USAID, Washington, DC, United States; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lusaka, Zambia; University of Bergen, Department of Economics, Bergen, Norway; University of Zambia, Department of Economics, Lusaka, Zambia	Colson, K.E., University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, United States; Dwyer-Lindgren, L., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States; Achoki, T., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States, Ministry of Health of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Fullman, N., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States; Schneider, M., USAID, Washington, DC, United States; Mulenga, P., Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lusaka, Zambia; Hangoma, P., University of Bergen, Department of Economics, Bergen, Norway, University of Zambia, Department of Economics, Lusaka, Zambia; Ng, M., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States; Masiye, F., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States, University of Zambia, Department of Economics, Lusaka, Zambia; Gakidou, E., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States	Background: Achieving universal health coverage and reducing health inequalities are primary goals for an increasing number of health systems worldwide. Timely and accurate measurements of levels and trends in key health indicators at local levels are crucial to assess progress and identify drivers of success and areas that may be lagging behind. Methods: We generated estimates of 17 key maternal and child health indicators for Zambia's 72 districts from 1990 to 2010 using surveys, censuses, and administrative data. We used a three-step statistical model involving spatial-temporal smoothing and Gaussian process regression. We generated estimates at the national level for each indicator by calculating the population-weighted mean of the district values and calculated composite coverage as the average of 10 priority interventions. Results: National estimates masked substantial variation across districts in the levels and trends of all indicators. Overall, composite coverage increased from 46% in 1990 to 73% in 2010, and most of this gain was attributable to the scale-up of malaria control interventions, pentavalent immunization, and exclusive breastfeeding. The scale-up of these interventions was relatively equitable across districts. In contrast, progress in routine services, including polio immunization, antenatal care, and skilled birth attendance, stagnated or declined and exhibited large disparities across districts. The absolute difference in composite coverage between the highest-performing and lowest-performing districts declined from 37 to 26 percentage points between 1990 and 2010, although considerable variation in composite coverage across districts persisted. Conclusions: Zambia has made marked progress in delivering maternal and child health interventions between 1990 and 2010; nevertheless, substantial variations across districts and interventions remained. Subnational benchmarking is important to identify these disparities, allowing policymakers to prioritize areas of greatest need. Analyses such as this one should be conducted regularly and feed directly into policy decisions in order to increase accountability at the local, regional, and national levels. © Colson et al.	Coverage; Indicators; Inequalities; Maternal and child health; Subnational benchmarking; Zambia	Rotavirus vaccine; BCG vaccine; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; measles vaccine; poliomyelitis vaccine; Article; BCG vaccination; breast feeding; child; child health; controlled study; female; health care system; human; immunization; malaria control; maternal welfare; measles vaccination; poliomyelitis; population research; prenatal care; quality control; scale up; social status; spatiotemporal analysis; task performance; Zambia; child welfare; family; health service; infant; information processing; maternal welfare; pregnancy; public health; socioeconomics; statistics and numerical data; child health care; diphtheria; geographic distribution; health care disparity; health care policy; health care quality; health survey; integrated health care system; maternal care; measles; pertussis; poliomyelitis; public health service; quality control; systematic review; tetanus; traditional birth attendant; trend study; tuberculosis; vaccination; Benchmarking; Child; Child Welfare; Data Collection; Family; Female; Humans; Infant; Maternal Health Services; Maternal Welfare; National Health Programs; Pregnancy; Socioeconomic Factors; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949188463	Benchmarking health system performance across regions in Uganda: A systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions, 1990-2011	Roberts D.A., Ng M., Ikilezi G., Gasasira A., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Fullman N., Nalugwa T., Kamya M., Gakidou E.	2015	BMC Medicine	13	1	10.1186/s12916-015-0518-x	University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States; Mulago Hospital Complex, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; African Leaders Malaria Alliance, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda	Roberts, D.A., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States; Ng, M., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States; Ikilezi, G., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States, Mulago Hospital Complex, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Gasasira, A., African Leaders Malaria Alliance, Kampala, Uganda; Dwyer-Lindgren, L., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States; Fullman, N., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States; Nalugwa, T., Mulago Hospital Complex, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Kamya, M., Mulago Hospital Complex, Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Gakidou, E., University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 60, Seattle, WA, United States	Background: Globally, countries are increasingly prioritizing the reduction of health inequalities and provision of universal health coverage. While national benchmarking has become more common, such work at subnational levels is rare. The timely and rigorous measurement of local levels and trends in key health interventions and outcomes is vital to identifying areas of progress and detecting early signs of stalled or declining health system performance. Previous studies have yet to provide a comprehensive assessment of Uganda's maternal and child health (MCH) landscape at the subnational level. Methods: By triangulating a number of different data sources - population censuses, household surveys, and administrative data - we generated regional estimates of 27 key MCH outcomes, interventions, and socioeconomic indicators from 1990 to 2011. After calculating source-specific estimates of intervention coverage, we used a two-step statistical model involving a mixed-effects linear model as an input to Gaussian process regression to produce regional-level trends. We also generated national-level estimates and constructed an indicator of overall intervention coverage based on the average of 11 high-priority interventions. Results: National estimates often veiled large differences in coverage levels and trends across Uganda's regions. Under-5 mortality declined dramatically, from 163 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 85 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2011, but a large gap between Kampala and the rest of the country persisted. Uganda rapidly scaled up a subset of interventions across regions, including household ownership of insecticide-treated nets, receipt of artemisinin-based combination therapies among children under 5, and pentavalent immunization. Conversely, most regions saw minimal increases, if not actual declines, in the coverage of indicators that required multiple contacts with the health system, such as four or more antenatal care visits, three doses of oral polio vaccine, and two doses of intermittent preventive therapy during pregnancy. Some of the regions with the lowest levels of overall intervention coverage in 1990, such as North and West Nile, saw marked progress by 2011; nonetheless, sizeable disparities remained between Kampala and the rest of the country. Countrywide, overall coverage increased from 40% in 1990 to 64% in 2011, but coverage in 2011 ranged from 57% to 70% across regions. Conclusions: The MCH landscape in Uganda has, for the most part, improved between 1990 and 2011. Subnational benchmarking quantified the persistence of geographic health inequalities and identified regions in need of additional health systems strengthening. The tracking and analysis of subnational health trends should be conducted regularly to better guide policy decisions and strengthen responsiveness to local health needs. © 2015 Roberts et al.	Coverage; Indicators; Inequalities; Maternal and child health; Subnational benchmarking; Uganda; Under-5 mortality	artemisinin; BCG vaccine; measles vaccine; poliomyelitis vaccine; Rotavirus vaccine; tetanus toxoid; Article; bed net; biogeographic region; breast feeding; child health; diarrhea; disease control; educational status; health care delivery; health care disparity; health care facility; health care need; health care policy; health care quality; health care survey; health care system; household; human; indoor residual spraying; live birth; malaria; maternal welfare; measles; mortality; oral rehydration therapy; poliomyelitis; prenatal care; sanitation; tuberculosis; Uganda; underweight; vaccination; water supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907995962	Evaluation of the modified colorimetric resazurin microtiter plate-based antibacterial assay for rapid and reliable tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing	Katawera V., Siedner M., Boum Ii Y.	2014	BMC Microbiology	14	1	10.1186/s12866-014-0259-6	Epicentre Mbarara Research Centre, Mbarara, Uganda; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Massachussetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States	Katawera, V., Epicentre Mbarara Research Centre, Mbarara, Uganda, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Siedner, M., Massachussetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Boum Ii, Y., Epicentre Mbarara Research Centre, Mbarara, Uganda, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda	Background: The resazurin microtiter assay (classic REMA), a colorimetric liquid culture-based drug susceptibility assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), has been endorsed by the World Health Organization. The assay requires 8-16 days to obtain results, delaying management of drug resistant tuberculosis patients. A modified REMA which allows results in as little as 24 hours for bacterial strains, has been developed and validated using Staphylococcus aureus, but has not yet been evaluated for MTB. Therefore we assessed the performance of the modified REMA for rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) susceptibility, using the classic REMA as the reference standard. We also compared simplicity (from the technicians' point of view), time taken to obtain results (rank-sum testing), specificity and Kappa statistics of the two methods.Results: The modified REMA, which is a one-step procedure, was found to be simpler to perform and results were obtained in a significantly shorter time (5 versus 9 days, p < 0.0001) compared to the classic REMA due to addition of indicator and strain at the same time. The specificity of the modified REMA was low {46.8% (35.5% - 58.4%) for RIF and 13.9% (7.2% - 23.5%) for INH}. Kappa statistics were 16.0% for RIF and 2.0% for INH. Low specificity and kappa statistics are due to indicator reduction by the strains before complete drug activity.Conclusion: Although modified REMA is faster and simpler compared to classic REMA, it is not reliable for MTB drug susceptibility testing. © 2014 Katawera et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	isoniazid; resazurin; rifampicin; isoniazid; oxazine derivative; resazurin; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; xanthene derivative; Article; bacterial strain; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug activity; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug sensitivity; microtiter plate assay; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; Staphylococcus aureus; tuberculosis; colorimetry; drug effects; evaluation study; human; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; procedures; tuberculosis; Antitubercular Agents; Colorimetry; Humans; Isoniazid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Oxazines; Rifampin; Tuberculosis; Xanthenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77749308485	The prevalence and functional impact of musculoskeletal conditions amongst clients of a primary health care facility in an under-resourced area of Cape Town	Parker R., Jelsma J.	2010	BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders	11	None	10.1186/1471-2474-11-2	School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Parker, R., School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jelsma, J., School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background. The extent of disease burden of musculoskeletal conditions (MSC) not due to injury has not been well determined in sub-Saharan Africa. The 1999 Global Burden of Disease study estimated the prevalence of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis to be 150/100,000 compared to 1,500/100,000 in Europe. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of MSC and the functional implications in a sample of people attending community health centres in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in clinics in two resource poor communities. Phase I consisted of screening and those who screened positive for peripheral or spinal joint pain went on to complete Phase II, which included the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Results. 1005 people were screened in Phase I. Of these, 362 (36%) reported MSC not due to injury in the past three months. Those with MSC had higher rates of co-morbidities in every category than those without. The mean Disability Index for those with MSC was mild to moderate and moderate to severe in those over 55 years. Conclusions. Although the sample may not be representative of the general community, the prevalence is considerably greater than those reported elsewhere even when the population of the catchment area is used as a denominator, (367/100 000). The common presentation of MSC with co-morbid diabetes and hypertension requires holistic management by appropriately trained health care practitioners. Any new determination of burden of disease due to MSC should recognise that these disorders may be more prevalent in developing countries than previously estimated. © 2010 Parker and Jelsma; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; aged; arthritis; article; backache; community; comorbidity; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease severity; female; health care facility; human; major clinical study; male; osteoarthritis; prevalence; primary health care; questionnaire; rheumatoid arthritis; rigidity; screening; South Africa; spinal pain; arthralgia; cost of illness; developing country; diabetes mellitus; health care delivery; health care quality; hypertension; mass screening; middle aged; musculoskeletal disease; outpatient department; poverty; statistics; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Arthralgia; Comorbidity; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Poverty Areas; Prevalence; Primary Health Care; Quality of Health Care; Questionnaires; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247467392	Pattern of neuropsychological performance among HIV positive patients in Uganda	Robertson K.R., Nakasujja N., Wong M., Musisi S., Katabira E., Parsons T.D., Ronald A., Sacktor N.	2007	BMC Neurology	7	None	10.1186/1471-2377-7-8	Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Center for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Ray, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Robertson, K.R., Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Nakasujja, N., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Wong, M., Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Musisi, S., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Katabira, E., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Parsons, T.D., Center for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Ray, CA, United States; Ronald, A., Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Sacktor, N., Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: Few studies have examined cognitive functioning of HIV positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa. It cannot be assumed that HIV positive patients in Africa exhibit the same declines as patients in high-resource settings, since there are differences that may influence cognitive functioning including nutrition, history of concomitant disease, and varying HIV strains, among other possibilities. Part of the difficulty of specifying abnormalities in neuropsychological functioning among African HIV positive patients is that there are no readily available African normative databases. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the pattern of neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV positive patients in comparison to HIV negative control subjects in Uganda. Methods: The neuropsychological test scores of 110 HIV positive patients (WHO Stage 2, n = 21; WHO Stage 3, n = 69; WHO Stage 4, n = 20) were contrasted with those of 100 control subjects on measures of attention/concentration, mental flexibility, learning/memory, and motor functioning. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant group differences on measures of verbal learning and memory, speed of processing, attention and executive functioning between HIV seropositive and seronegative subjects. Conclusion: Ugandan patients with HIV demonstrated relative deficits on measures of verbal learning and memory, speed of processing, attention, and executive functioning compared to HIV negative controls. These results from a resource limited region where clades A and D are prevalent are consistent with previous findings in the developed world where clade B predominates. © 2007 Robertson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adult; analysis of covariance; article; attention; controlled study; dementia; developed country; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; learning; major clinical study; male; memory; mental capacity; mental concentration; mental performance; motor performance; neuropsychological test; Uganda; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; analysis of variance; cognition; cognitive defect; disease course; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; middle aged; neuropsychological test; pathophysiology; physiology; psychological aspect; recall; statistics; Uganda; Adult; AIDS Dementia Complex; Analysis of Variance; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Disease Progression; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869862213	The impact of central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure among Ethiopian glaucoma patients: A cross-sectional study	Gelaw Y.	2012	BMC Ophthalmology	12	1	10.1186/1471-2415-12-58	Department of Ophthalmology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Gelaw, Y., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Background: Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only causal risk factor for glaucoma that can be therapeutically manipulated to change the course of the disease process. Though Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) is the "gold standard" for IOP measurement, readings of IOP with GAT are affected by central corneal thickness (CCT). The aim of this study is to determine the impact of CCT on IOP among Ethiopian glaucoma patients. Methods. It was a multicenter cross-sectional study and all glaucoma patients visiting their respective eye clinic during the study period were included. A total of 199 randomly selected glaucomatous eyes from 199 patients aged 18 years and above were employed. The CCT was measured by OcuScan™ RxP Ophthalmic Ultrasound and IOP was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer. Linear regression and bivariate correlation analysis were carried out and level of significance was taken at 5%. Results: The mean IOP was 19.46(±7.05) mmHg and mean CCT was 508.07(±33.26) μm. The mean IOP for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), ocular hypertension (OHT), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) and primary chronic angle closure glaucoma (PCAG) patients was 19.22 mmHg, 21.39 mmHg, 14.33 mmHg, 33.25 mmHg and 14.75 mmHg respectively. The mean CCT values were 502.24 μm (POAG), 524.32 μm (OHT), 500.75 μm (NTG), 579.00 μm (PXG) and 530.25 μm (PCAG). Age of the patient and glaucoma surgery had an influence on corneal thickness. A positive relationship was found between CCT and IOP (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The mean CCT of Ethiopian glaucoma patients is thin in comparison to other ethnic groups and patients with OHT have thicker corneas than POAG patients. Hence determination of CCT for each patient is necessary in the up-to-date glaucoma management. © 2012 Gelaw; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Central corneal thickness; Glaucoma; Intraocular pressure; Pachymeter	adolescent; adult; aged; article; comparative study; cornea; cross-sectional study; echography; Ethiopia; female; glaucoma; human; incidence; intraocular pressure; male; middle aged; multicenter study; oculoplethysmography; pathophysiology; physiology; retrospective study; risk factor; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cornea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Incidence; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tonometry, Ocular; Young Adult	None
None	None	Malocclusion, psycho-social impacts and treatment need: A cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school-children	Mtaya M., Astrom A.N., Brudvik P.	2008	BMC Oral Health	8	1	10.1186/1472-6831-8-14	Department of Odontology-Community Dentistry, UoB, Norway; Centre for International Health, UoB, Norway; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Odontology- Orthodontics, UoB, Norway, Norway	Mtaya, M., Department of Odontology-Community Dentistry, UoB, Norway, Centre for International Health, UoB, Norway, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Astrom, A.N., Department of Odontology-Community Dentistry, UoB, Norway, Centre for International Health, UoB, Norway; Brudvik, P., Department of Odontology- Orthodontics, UoB, Norway, Norway	Background. studies on the relationship between children's malocclusion and its psycho-social impacts are so far largely unexplored in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion, reported dental problems and dissatisfaction with dental appearance among primary school children in Tanzania. The relationship of dissatisfaction with socio-demographic characteristics, clinically defined malocclusion and psychosocial impacts of dental anomalies was investigated. Orthodontic treatment need was estimated using an integrated socio-dental approach. Method. One thousand six hundred and one children (mean age 13 yr) attending primary schools in the districts of Kinondoni and Temeke completed face to face interviews and a full mouth clinical examination. The survey instrument was designed to measure a Kiswahili translated and culturally adapted Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) frequency score, reported dental problems, dissatisfaction with dental appearance/function and socio-demographic characteristics. Results. The prevalence of malocclusion varied from 0.9% (deep bite) to 22.5% (midline shift) with a total of 63.8% having at least one type of anomaly. Moderate proportions of children admitted dental problems; ranging from 7% (space position) to 20% (pain). The odds ratio of having problems with teeth position, spaces, pain and swallowing if having any malocclusion were, respectively 6.7, 3.9, 1.4 and 6.8. A total of 23.3% children were dissatisfied with dental appearance/function. Children dissatisfied with their dental appearance were less likely to be Temeke residents (OR = 0.5) and having parents of higher education (OR = 0.6) and more likely to reporting problem with teeth position (OR = 4.3) and having oral impacts (OR = 2.7). The socio-dental treatment need of 12% was five times lower than the normative need assessment of 63.8%. Conclusion. Compared to the high prevalence of malocclusion, psycho social impacts and dissatisfaction with appearance/function was not frequent among Tanzanian schoolchildren. Subjects with malocclusion reported problems most frequently and malocclusion together with other psycho-social impact scores determined children's satisfaction with teeth appearance- and function. © 2008 Mtaya et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	None	None
None	None	Impact of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) on the treatment profile in pilot government dental clinics in tanzania	Kikwilu E.N., Frencken J., Mulder J.	2009	BMC Oral Health	9	1	10.1186/1472-6831-9-14	Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nijmegen International Centre for Oral Health Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, College of Dental Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, College of Dental Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Kikwilu, E.N., Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Frencken, J., Nijmegen International Centre for Oral Health Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, College of Dental Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Mulder, J., Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, College of Dental Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Background. The predominant mode of treatment in government dental clinics in Tanzania has been tooth extraction because the economy could not support the conventional restorative care which depends on expensive equipment, electricity and piped water systems. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was perceived as a suitable alternative. A 3.5-year study was designed to document the changes in the treatment profiles ascribed to the systematic introduction of ART in pilot government dental clinics. Methods. Dental practitioners who were working in 13 government dental clinics underwent a 7-day ART training. Treatment record data on teeth extracted and teeth restored by the conventional and ART approaches were collected from these clinics for the three study periods. The mean percentage of ART restorations to total treatment, ART restorations to total restorations, and total restorations to total treatments rendered were computed. Differences between variables were determined by ANOVA, t-test and Chi-square. Results. The mean percentage of ART restorations to total treatment rendered was 0.4 (SE = 0.5) and 11.9 (SE = 1.1) during the baseline and second follow-up period respectively (ANOVA mixed model; P &lt; 0.0001). The mean percentage of ART restorations to total restorations rendered at baseline and 2ndfollow-up period was 8.4% and 88.9% respectively (ANOVA mixed model; P &lt; 0.0001). The mean percentage of restorations to total treatment rendered at baseline and 2ndfollow-up was 3.9% and 13.0%, respectively (ANOVA mixed model; P &lt; 0.0001). Ninety-nine percent of patients were satisfied with ART restorations, 96.6% willing to receive ART restoration again in future, and 94.9% willing to recommend ART treatment to their close relatives. Conclusion. ART introduction in pilot government dental clinics raised the number of teeth saved by restorative care. Countrywide introduction of the ART approach in Tanzania is recommended. © 2009 Kikwilu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955832040	Palliative care making a difference in rural Uganda, Kenya and Malawi: Three rapid evaluation field studies	Grant L., Brown J., Leng M., Bettega N., Murray S.A.	2011	BMC Palliative Care	10	None	10.1186/1472-684X-10-8	Primary Palliative Care Research Group, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom; Eastern Virginia Medical School, 431 New Hampshire Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States; Cairdeas International Palliative Care Trust and Head of Palliative Care, Mulago Hospital and Makerere University, C/o Hospice Africa Uganda, PO BOX 7757, Kampala, Uganda; 44c Sussex Way, London, N7 6RS, United Kingdom	Grant, L., Primary Palliative Care Research Group, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom; Brown, J., Eastern Virginia Medical School, 431 New Hampshire Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23508, United States; Leng, M., Cairdeas International Palliative Care Trust and Head of Palliative Care, Mulago Hospital and Makerere University, C/o Hospice Africa Uganda, PO BOX 7757, Kampala, Uganda; Bettega, N., 44c Sussex Way, London, N7 6RS, United Kingdom; Murray, S.A., Primary Palliative Care Research Group, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom	Background: Many people live and die in pain in Africa. We set out to describe patient, family and local community perspectives on the impact of three community based palliative care interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Three palliative care programmes in Uganda, Kenya and Malawi were studied using rapid evaluation field techniques in each country, triangulating data from three sources: interviews with key informants, observations of clinical encounters and the local health and social care context, and routine data from local reports and statistics. Results: We interviewed 33 patients with advanced illness, 27 family carers, 36 staff, 25 volunteers, and 29 community leaders and observed clinical care of 12 patients. In each site, oral morphine was being used effectively. Patients valued being treated with dignity and respect. Being supported at home reduced physical, emotional and financial burden of travel to, and care at health facilities. Practical support and instruction in feeding and bathing patients facilitated good deaths at home. In each country mobile phones enabled rapid access to clinical and social support networks. Staff and volunteers generally reported that caring for the dying in the face of poverty was stressful, but also rewarding, with resilience fostered by having effective analgesia, and community support networks. Conclusions: Programmes were reported to be successful because they integrated symptom control with practical and emotional care, education, and spiritual care. Holistic palliative care can be delivered effectively in the face of poverty, but a public health approach is needed to ensure equitable provision. © 2011 Grant et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	morphine; analgesia; article; bath; care and caring; caregiver; death; evaluation; family; feeding; female; finance; health care facility; home; human; human dignity; interview; Kenya; major clinical study; Malawi; male; mobile phone; observation; palliative therapy; poverty; reward; social care; social support; spiritual care; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925878225	Evaluation of adherence measures of antiretroviral prophylaxis in HIV exposed infants in the first 6 weeks of life	Desmond A.C., Moodley D., Conolly C.A., Castel S.A., Coovadia H.M.	2015	BMC Pediatrics	15	1	10.1186/s12887-015-0340-9	Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Maternal Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Desmond, A.C., Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, D., Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Conolly, C.A., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Castel, S.A., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Coovadia, H.M., Maternal Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Adherence to an antiretroviral regimen is imperative for treatment success in both HIV infected adults and children. Likewise, adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis is critical in HIV prevention. Studies on pediatric adherence are limited, particularly the prophylactic use of antiretroviral drugs and treatment adherence in very young infants. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 046 study (Clinical Trial Registration NCT00074412) determined the safety and efficacy of an extended regimen of nevirapine suspension in infants born to HIV-1 infected women for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission during breastfeeding. As per protocol, adherence to nevirapine prophylaxis was measured by maternal verbal reports. In addition, the pharmacy assessed the unused returned suspension. The aim of this sub-study was to determine the reliability of maternal verbal reports in measuring adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis in infants in the first 6 weeks of life and evaluating the unused returned nevirapine as an alternative method of measuring adherence. Methods: Maternal verbal reports and pharmacy returns indicative of "missed&lt;2 doses" were evaluated against a plasma nevirapine concentration of &gt;100 ng/ml in a subgroup of infants at 2, 5 and 6 weeks of age. Plasma nevirapine concentration of &gt;100 ng/ml was used as a marker of adherence (10 times the in vitro IC50 against HIV). Results: Adherence was 87.7% (maternal verbal report) and 71.3% (unused returned medication), as compared to 85.6% by plasma nevirapine concentration. Evaluated against plasma nevirapine concentration &lt;100 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of maternal verbal reports to detect a missed dose in the last 3 days were 75% and 78% (p=0.03) respectively. Overall, among infants who were classified as adherent based on missed doses by maternal verbal reports and unused returned medication, 88.4% and 87.4% of infants attained a nevirapine concentration above 100 ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: Maternal verbal reports are a reliable measure of adherence to infant antiretroviral prophylaxis in the first 6 weeks of life and could be useful in assessing adherence to antiretroviral treatment in infants younger than 6 weeks. In the absence of resources or expertise to determine plasma drug concentration, we would recommend random assessments of unused returned medication. © Desmond et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Adherence measures; Antiretroviral prophylaxis; Infants; Maternal verbal report; Pharmacy returns	nevirapine; adult; antibiotic prophylaxis; Article; breast feeding; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug blood level; drug efficacy; drug safety; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; IC50; infant; maternal verbal report; measurement; medication compliance; patient compliance; sensitivity and specificity; verbal communication; vertical transmission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449397355	Paediatric HIV management at primary care level: An evaluation of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guidelines for HIV	Horwood C., Vermaak K., Rollins N., Haskins L., Nkosi P., Qazi S.	2009	BMC Pediatrics	9	None	10.1186/1471-2431-9-59	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Horwood, C., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Vermaak, K., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Rollins, N., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Haskins, L., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Nkosi, P., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Qazi, S., Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a WHO/UNICEF strategy to improve child survival in resource poor settings. South Africa adopted IMCI in 1997, and IMCI guidelines were adapted to include identification and management of HIV infected and exposed children. This study describes the validity of the IMCI/HIV algorithm when used by IMCI experts, the use of IMCI/HIV guidelines by IMCI trained health workers in routine clinical practice, and the burden of HIV among children under 5 years attending first level health facilities. Methods: Seventy seven randomly selected IMCI trained health workers were observed in 74 health facilities in two provinces of South Africa. Consultations were observed with 1357 sick children; each child was reassessed by an IMCI expert to confirm the correct findings. Consent was requested for HIV testing of all children who attended with a parent or legal guardian. Positive rapid HIV tests were confirmed with HIV PCR in children aged less than 18 months. HIV positive children had a CD4 count and HIV clinical staging done. Results: Of 1064 children with HIV results available, 76 (7.1% CI: 5.7% - 8.9%) children were confirmed HIV positive. IMCI experts using the HIV algorithm classified 54/76 (71.1% CI: 59.5%-80.9%) HIV positive children as suspected symptomatic HIV, and 15/22 remaining HIV positive children were identified as HIV exposed. Therefore, 69/76 (90.8% CI: 81.9-96.2) HIV infected children were identified by IMCI experts. No classification was made for HIV by observed health workers in 899/1357(66.2%) children. Conclusion: 906/1243(72.9%) mothers had been tested previously for HIV, of whom 221(24.4%) reported testing positive. Of 221 children therefore identified as HIV exposed, only 78(35.3%) had been tested for HIV within routine services. The HIV algorithm is a valid tool for identifying HIV infected and exposed children when correctly and comprehensively implemented. However, it is not being used by IMCI trained health workers in routine practise, leading to a failure to implement life saving interventions. © 2009 Horwood et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; nevirapine; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; child health care; clinical protocol; continuing education; health care personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; polymerase chain reaction; practice guideline; preschool child; primary medical care; South Africa; Algorithms; Child, Preschool; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Practice Guidelines as Topic; Primary Health Care; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Survival Rate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449504151	Experiences of training and implementation of integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the IMCI case management training course	Horwood C., Voce A., Vermaak K., Rollins N., Qazi S.	2009	BMC Pediatrics	9	None	10.1186/1471-2431-9-62	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Horwood, C., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Voce, A., Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Vermaak, K., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Rollins, N., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Qazi, S., Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity in children under-5 years by improving management of common illnesses at primary level. IMCI has been shown to improve health worker performance, but constraints have been identified in achieving sufficient coverage to improve child survival, and implementation remains sub-optimal. At the core of the IMCI strategy is a clinical guideline whereby health workers use a series of algorithms to assess and manage a sick child, and give counselling to carers. IMCI is taught using a structured 11-day training course that combines classroom work with clinical practise; a variety of training techniques are used, supported by comprehensive training materials and detailed instructions for facilitators. Methods: We conducted focus group discussions with IMCI trained health workers to explore their experiences of the methodology and content of the IMCI training course, whether they thought they gained the skills required for implementation, and their experiences of follow-up visits. Results: Health workers found the training interesting, informative and empowering, and there was consensus that it improved their skills in managing sick children. They appreciated the variety of learning methods employed, and felt that repetition was important to reinforce knowledge and skills. Facilitators were rated highly for their knowledge and commitment, as well as their ability to identify problems and help participants as required. However, health workers felt strongly that the training time was too short to acquire skills in all areas of IMCI. Their increased confidence in managing sick children was identified by health workers as an enabling factor for IMCI implementation in the workplace, but additional time required for IMCI consultations was expressed as a major barrier. Although follow-up visits were described as very helpful, these were often delayed and there was no ongoing clinical supervision. Conclusion: The IMCI training course was reported to be an effective method of acquiring skills, but more time is required, either during the course, or with follow-up, to improve IMCI implementation. Innovative solutions may be required to ensure that adequate skills are acquired and maintained. © 2009 Horwood et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; case management; child care; child health care; childhood disease; consensus development; consultation; controlled study; follow up; health care personnel; health care planning; health education; human; information processing; learning style; problem identification; professional knowledge; skill; South Africa; training; work experience; workplace; Case Management; Child; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Education, Professional; Health Policy; Humans; Pediatrics; Program Evaluation; Quality of Health Care; South Africa	None
None	None	Discriminative ability of the generic and condition-specific Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) by the Limpopo-Arusha School Health (LASH) Project: A cross-sectional study	Mbawalla H.S., Mtaya M., Masalu J.R., Brudvik P., Astrom A.N.	2011	BMC Pediatrics	11	None	10.1186/1471-2431-11-45	Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Dentistry-Orthodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Mbawalla, H.S., Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Mtaya, M., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Masalu, J.R., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Brudvik, P., Department of Clinical Dentistry-Orthodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Astrom, A.N., Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Background: Generic and condition-specific (CS) oral-health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) instruments assess the impacts of general oral conditions and specific oral diseases. Focusing schoolchildren from Arusha and Dar es Salaam, in Tanzania, this study compared the discriminative ability of the generic Child OIDP with respect to dental caries and periodontal problems across the study sites. Secondly, the discriminative ability of the generic-and the CS Child OIDP attributed to dental caries, periodontal problems and malocclusion was compared with respect to various oral conditions as part of a construct validation.Methods: In Arusha, 1077 school children (mean age 14.9 years, range 12-17 years) and 1601 school children in Dar es Salaam (mean age 13.0 years, range 12-14 years) underwent oral clinical examinations and completed the Kiswahili version of the generic and CS Child-OIDP inventories. The discriminative ability was assessed as differences in overall mean and prevalence scores between groups, corresponding effect sizes and odd ratios, OR.Results: The differences in the prevalence scores and the overall mean generic Child-OIDP scores were significant between the groups with (DMFT > 0) and without (DMFT = 0) caries experience and with (simplified oral hygiene index [OHI-S] > 1) and without periodontal problems (OHI-S ≤ 1) in Arusha and Dar es Salaam. In Dar es Salaam, differences in the generic and CS Child-OIDP scores were observed between the groups with and without dental caries, differences in the generic Child-OIDP scores were observed between the groups with and without periodontal problems, and differences in the CS Child-OIDP scores were observed between malocclusion groups. The adjusted OR for the association between dental caries and the CS Child-OIDP score attributed to dental caries was 5.4. The adjusted OR for the association between malocclusion and CS Child-OIDP attributed to malocclusion varied from 8.8 to 2.5.Conclusion: The generic Child-OIDP discriminated equally well between children with and without dental caries and periodontal problems across socio-culturally different study sites. Compared with its generic form, the CS Child-OIDP discriminated most strongly between children with and without dental caries and malocclusion. The CS Child OIDP attributed to dental caries and malocclusion seems to be better suited to support clinical indicators when estimating oral health needs among school children in Tanzania. © 2011 Mbawalla et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adolescent; article; child; child health; cross-sectional study; dental caries; discriminative stimulus; female; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; malocclusion; mouth examination; mouth hygiene; needs assessment; performance measurement system; periodontal disease; prevalence; quality of life; school child; scoring system; Tanzania; task performance; validation process; clinical trial; comparative study; daily life activity; dental caries; health; health survey; multicenter study; periodontal disease; questionnaire; standard; statistics; Tanzania; Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Health Surveys; Female; Humans; Male; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887737727	Determinants of academic performance in children with sickle cell anaemia	Ezenwosu O.U., Emodi I.J., Ikefuna A.N., Chukwu B.F., Osuorah C.D.	2013	BMC Pediatrics	13	1	10.1186/1471-2431-13-189	Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Ezenwosu, O.U., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Emodi, I.J., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ikefuna, A.N., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Osuorah, C.D., Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Background: Some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA). Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Methods: Consecutive children with SCA aged 5-11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Their age- and sex- matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009/2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register. Academic performance was assessed using the average of the overall scores in the three term examinations of same session. Intelligence ability was determined with Draw-A-Person Quotient (DAPQ) using the Draw-A-Person Test while socio-economic status was determined using the occupational status and educational attainment of each parent.Results: Academic performance of children with SCA showed statistically significant association with their socio-economic status (χ2 = 9.626, p = 0.047), and significant correlation with DAPQ (r = 0.394, p = 0.000) and age (r = -0.412, p = 0.000). However, no significant relationship existed between academic performance and school absence in children with SCA (r = -0.080, p = 0.453).Conclusions: Academic performance of children with SCA is influenced by their intelligence ability, age and socio-economic status but not negatively affected by their increased school absenteeism. © 2013 Ezenwosu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Academic; Children; Determinants; Sickle	absenteeism; academic achievement; age; article; blood transfusion; child; childhood disease; controlled study; correlational study; disease severity; educational status; employment status; female; hospital admission; human; intelligence; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; preschool child; primary school; school child; scoring system; sex ratio; sickle cell anemia; social status; student; teaching hospital; Absenteeism; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Nigeria; Parents; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923308388	Randomized pharmacokinetic evaluation of different rifabutin doses in African HIV- infected tuberculosis patients on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy	Naiker S., Connolly C., Wiesner L., Kellerman T., Reddy T., Harries A., McIlleron H., Lienhardt C., Pym A.	2014	BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology	15	1	10.1186/2050-6511-15-61	Medical Research Council, TB Research Unit, Durban, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; WHO STOP Tuberculosis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland; University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa	Naiker, S., Medical Research Council, TB Research Unit, Durban, South Africa; Connolly, C., Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban, South Africa; Wiesner, L., University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Kellerman, T., University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Reddy, T., Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban, South Africa; Harries, A., International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; McIlleron, H., University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Lienhardt, C., WHO STOP Tuberculosis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland; Pym, A., Medical Research Council, TB Research Unit, Durban, South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa	Background: Pharmacokinetic interactions between rifampicin and protease inhibitors (PIs) complicate the management of HIV-associated tuberculosis. Rifabutin is an alternative rifamycin, for patients requiring PIs. Recently some international guidelines have recommended a higher dose of rifabutin (150 mg daily) in combination with boosted lopinavir (LPV/r), than the previous dose of rifabutin (150 mg three times weekly {tiw}). But there are limited pharmacokinetic data evaluating the higher dose of rifabutin in combination with LPV/r. Sub-optimal dosing can lead to acquired rifamycin resistance (ARR). The plasma concentration of 25-O-desacetylrifabutin (d-RBT), the metabolite of rifabutin, increases in the presence of PIs and may lead to toxicity. Methods and results: Sixteen patients with TB-HIV co-infection received rifabutin 300 mg QD in combination with tuberculosis chemotherapy (initially pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol then only isoniazid), and were then randomized to receive isoniazid and LPV/r based ART with rifabutin 150 mg tiw or rifabutin 150 mg daily. The rifabutin dose with ART was switched after 1 month. Serial rifabutin and d-RBT concentrations were measured after 4 weeks of each treatment. The median AUC0-48 and Cmax of rifabutin in patients taking 150 mg rifabutin tiw was significantly reduced compared to the other treatment arms. Geometric mean ratio (90% CI) for AUC0-48 and Cmax was 0.6 (0.5-0.7) and 0.5 (0.4-0.6) for RBT 150 mg tiw compared with RBT 300 mg and 0.4 (0.4-0.4) and 0.5 (0.5-0.6) for RBT 150 mg tiw compared with 150 mg daily. 86% of patients on the tiw rifabutin arm had an AUC0-24 &lt; 4.5 μg.h/mL, which has previously been associated with acquired rifamycin resistance (ARR). Plasma d-RBT concentrations increased 5-fold with tiw rifabutin dosing and 15-fold with daily doses of rifabutin. Rifabutin was well tolerated at all doses and there were no grade 4 laboratory toxicities. One case of uveitis (grade 4), occurred in a patient taking rifabutin 300 mg daily prior to starting ART, and grade 3 neutropenia (asymptomatic) was reported in 4 patients. These events were not associated with increases in rifabutin or metabolite concentrations. Conclusions: A daily 150 mg dose of rifabutin in combination with LPV/r safely maintained rifabutin plasma concentrations in line with those shown to prevent ARR. © 2014 Naiker et al.	Clinical trial; DDI; HIV; Lopinavir; Neutropenia; Pharmacokinetics; Randomized; Rifabutin; Tuberculosis; Uveitis	25 o desacetylrifabutin; aminotransferase; amylase; ethambutol; isoniazid; lamivudine; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; pyrazinamide; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifaximin; stavudine; unclassified drug; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; isoniazid; lamivudine; lopinavir; rifabutin; stavudine; tuberculostatic agent; adult; African; aminotransferase blood level; amylase blood level; antibiotic therapy; antiviral therapy; area under the curve; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical article; controlled study; crossover procedure; dosage schedule comparison; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug clearance; drug dose comparison; drug safety; drug tolerability; drug withdrawal; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; male; maximum plasma concentration; minimum plasma concentration; mixed infection; neutropenia; open study; outcome assessment; plasma concentration-time curve; randomized controlled trial; side effect; steady state; time to maximum plasma concentration; treatment response; uveitis; virus load; Black person; blood; chemically induced; Coinfection; drug combination; HIV Infections; metabolism; neutropenia; South Africa; tuberculosis; uveitis; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Anti-HIV Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Coinfection; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Lamivudine; Lopinavir; Male; Neutropenia; Rifabutin; South Africa; Stavudine; Tuberculosis; Uveitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902077570	Child feeding knowledge and practices among women participating in growth monitoring and promotion in Accra, Ghana	Gyampoh S., Otoo G.E., Aryeetey R.N.O.	2014	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	14	1	10.1186/1471-2393-14-180	Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 134, Accra, Ghana; School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 13, Accra, Ghana	Gyampoh, S., Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 134, Accra, Ghana; Otoo, G.E., Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 134, Accra, Ghana; Aryeetey, R.N.O., School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 13, Accra, Ghana	Background: Child undernutrition and poor feeding practices remain a concern in Ghana. The Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) programme seeks to empower mothers to provide appropriate child care. Although the program has been implemented in Ghana for over four decades, little is known about its impact on child feeding outcomes. The current study assessed the association between GMP exposure and mothers' child feeding knowledge and practices in the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA), Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 199 mother-child pairs accessing child welfare services in six public health facilities in the AMA was conducted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on respondent characteristics and child feeding knowledge a 24-hour dietary recall tool was used to record child feeding practices. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between mothers' exposure to GMP and their knowledge and practices on child feeding.Results: Seventy four percent of mothers had not missed any scheduled child welfare clinic sessions. Over 60% of mothers knew the appropriate age of introduction of foods; 86% also gave correct response regarding minimum number of times their child should be fed daily. About 81% of children less than 6 months were exclusively breastfed in the preceding 24 hours, although 36% had received water since birth. Forty two percent of children 6-23 months received dietary diverse meals while 64% were fed the required number of times in a day. Overall, only 32% of children 6-23 months received a minimum acceptable diet in the preceding 24 hours. A higher GMP exposure was positively associated with feeding knowledge scores among mothers with children below 6 months (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Although most mothers were knowledgeable about recommendations, feeding practices were suboptimal, especially complementary feeding. GMP exposure was associated with feeding knowledge only among mothers with children less than 6 months. Strengthening of feeding counselling focused on children above 6 months is recommended. © 2014 Gyampoh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Breastfeeding; Child feeding; Child welfare clinic; Complementary feeding; Growth monitoring and promotion	adult; article; association; child; child care; child growth; child nutrition; child welfare; counseling; cross-sectional study; educational status; employment; empowerment; female; Ghana; growth monitoring and promotion; health care facility; health care personnel; health program; human; infant; knowledge; major clinical study; male; newborn; pediatric hospital; public health; structured questionnaire; attitude to health; breast feeding; child health care; diet; feeding behavior; health education; mother; questionnaire; urban population; young adult; Adult; Breast Feeding; Child Health Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Ghana; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Infant; Infant Care; Male; Mothers; Questionnaires; Urban Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956880965	Evaluation of blood reservation and use for caesarean sections in a tertiary maternity unit in south western Nigeria	Akinola O.I., Fabamwo A.O., Tayo A.O., Rabiu K.A., Oshodi Y.A., Onyekwere C.A.	2010	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	10	None	10.1186/1471-2393-10-57	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria	Akinola, O.I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Fabamwo, A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Tayo, A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Rabiu, K.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Oshodi, Y.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Onyekwere, C.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria	Background: Haemorrhage from obstetric causes is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the developing world. Prevention of mortality from haemorrhage will necessarily involve prompt blood transfusions among other life saving measures. There are however limited stocks of fresh or stored blood in many health care facilities in Sub Saharan Africa. Caesarean section has been identified as a common indication for blood transfusion in obstetrics practice and its performance is often delayed by non availability of blood in our centre. An evaluation of blood reservation and use at caesarean sections in a tertiary maternity unit in Lagos, south western Nigeria should therefore assist in formulating the most rational blood transfusion policies.Methods: Case records of 327 patients who had elective and emergency caesarian sections at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between 1 stOctober and 31 stDecember 2007 were reviewed. Data pertaining to age, parity, booking status, type and indication for Caesarean section, pre- and post-operative packed cell volume, blood loss at surgery, units of blood reserved in the blood bank, unit(s) of blood transfused and duration of hospital stay was extracted and the data analysed.Results: There were 1056 deliveries out of which 327 (31%) were by Caesarean section. During the study period, a total of 654 units of blood were reserved in the blood bank and subsequently made available in theatre. Out of this number, only 89 (13.6%) were transfused to 41 patients. Amongst those transfused, twenty-six (54%) were booked and 31 (75.6%) had primary caesarian section. About 81% of those transfused had emergency caesarean section. The most common indication for surgery among those transfused were placenta praevia (9 patients with 21 units of blood) and cephalo-pelvic disproportion (8 patients with 13 units).Conclusion: Even though a large number of units of blood was reserved and made available in the theatre at the time of operation, majority of the patients operated did not need blood transfusion. Provision of a mini- blood bank within the obstetric unit and careful patient categorization will ensure timely availability of blood for surgery without necessarily tying down stock in the central blood bank. © 2010 Akinola et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; bleeding; blood bank; blood transfusion; cesarean section; female; hospital department; hospital subdivisions and components; human; labor complication; Nigeria; pregnancy; university hospital; uterus bleeding; utilization review; age; blood storage; cephalopelvic disproportion; elective surgery; emergency surgery; erythrocyte concentrate; hospitalization; major clinical study; operation duration; parity; placenta previa; postoperative period; preoperative period; retrospective study; tertiary health care; Adult; Blood Banks; Blood Loss, Surgical; Blood Transfusion; Cesarean Section; Female; Hospital Units; Hospitals, University; Humans; Nigeria; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital; Pregnancy; Uterine Hemorrhage	None
None	None	Impact of change in maternal age composition on the incidence of Caesarean section and low birth weight: Analysis of delivery records at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, 1999-2005	Muganyizi P.S., Kidanto H.L.	2009	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	9	None	10.1186/1471-2393-9-30	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Muganyizi, P.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kidanto, H.L., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Background: Previous studies on change in maternal age composition in Tanzania do not indicate its impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes. We sought to establish temporal changes in maternal age composition and their impact on annual Caesarean section (CS) and low birth weight deliveries (LBWT) at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. Methods: We conducted data analysis of 91,699 singleton deliveries that took place in the hospital between 1999 and 2005. The data were extracted from the obstetric data base. Annual proportions of individual age groups were calculated and their trends over the years studied. Multiple logistic analyses were conducted to ascertain trends in the risks of CS and LBWT. The impact of age composition changes on CS and LBWT was estimated by calculating annual numbers of these outcomes with and without the major changes in age composition, all others remaining equal. In all statistics, a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The proportion of teenage mothers (12-19 years) progressively decreased over time while that of 30-34 years age group increased. From 1999, the risk of Caesarean delivery increased steadily to a maximum in 2005 [adjusted OR = 1.7; 95%CI (1.6-1.8)] whereas that of LBWT declined to a minimum in 2005 (adjusted OR = 0.76; 95% CI (0.71-0.82). The current major changes in age trend were responsible for shifts in the number of CS of up to206 cases per year. Likewise, the shift in LBWT was up to 158 cases per year, but the 30-34 years age group had no impact on this. Conclusion: The population of mothers giving birth at MNH is progressively becoming older with substantial impact on the incidence of CS and LBWT. Further research is needed to estimate the health cost implications of this change. © 2009 Muganyizi and Kidanto; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adolescent; adolescent pregnancy; adult; age distribution; article; cesarean section; child; controlled study; female; human; incidence; low birth weight; maternal age; parity; pregnancy outcome; risk assessment; school child; Tanzania; tertiary health care; middle aged; multivariate analysis; newborn; pregnancy; risk factor; statistical model; statistics; utilization review; Adolescent; Adult; Cesarean Section; Child; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Risk Factors; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861847252	Impact on postpartum hemorrhage of prophylactic administration of oxytocin 10 IU via Uniject™ by peripheral health care providers at home births: Design of a community-based cluster-randomized trial	Stanton C.K., Newton S., Mullany L.C., Cofie P., Agyemang C.T., Adiibokah E., Darcy N., Khan S., Levisay A., Gyapong J., Armbruster D., Owusu-Agyei S.	2012	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	12	None	10.1186/1471-2393-12-42	Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana; PATH, Accra, Ghana; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle, North Carolina, United States; PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Ghana, Formerly of Ghana Health Service, Health Research Unit, Accra, Ghana; United States Agency for International Development, Formerly of PATH, Washington, DC, United States	Stanton, C.K., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Newton, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana; Mullany, L.C., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cofie, P., PATH, Accra, Ghana; Agyemang, C.T., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana; Adiibokah, E., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana; Darcy, N., Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle, North Carolina, United States; Khan, S., PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Levisay, A., PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Gyapong, J., University of Ghana, Formerly of Ghana Health Service, Health Research Unit, Accra, Ghana; Armbruster, D., United States Agency for International Development, Formerly of PATH, Washington, DC, United States; Owusu-Agyei, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana	Background: Hemorrhage is the leading direct cause of maternal death globally. While oxytocin is the drug of choice for postpartum hemorrhage prevention, its use has generally been limited to health facilities. This trial assesses the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of expanding the use of prophylactic intramuscular oxytocin to peripheral health care providers at home births in four predominantly rural districts in central Ghana.Methods: This study is designed as a community-based cluster-randomized trial in which Community Health Officers are randomized to provide (or not provide) an injection of oxytocin 10 IU via the Uniject™ injection system within one minute of delivery of the baby to women who request their presence at home at the onset of labor. The primary aim is to determine if administration of prophylactic oxytocin via Uniject™ by this cadre will reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage by 50 % relative to deliveries which do not receive the prophylactic intervention. Postpartum hemorrhage is examined under three sequential definitions: 1) blood loss ≥500 ml (BL); 2) treatment for bleeding (TX) and/or BL; 3) hospital referral for bleeding and/or TX and/or BL. Secondary outcomes address safety and feasibility of the intervention and include adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and logistical concerns regarding assistance at home births and the storage and handling of oxytocin, respectively.Discussion: Results from this trial will build evidence for the effectiveness of expanding the delivery of this established prophylactic intervention to peripheral settings. Complementary data on safety and logistical issues related to this intervention will assist policymakers in low-income countries in selecting both the best uterotonic and service delivery strategy for postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Results of this trial are expected in mid-2013. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01108289. © 2012 Stanton et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Oxytocin; Postpartum hemorrhage; Randomized trial; Uterotonics	oxytocin; article; clinical effectiveness; controlled study; female; fetus outcome; follow up; Ghana; home delivery; human; labor onset; maternal care; outcome assessment; patient safety; postpartum hemorrhage; prophylaxis; randomized controlled trial; risk factor; rural area; Blood Volume; Community Health Workers; Drug Storage; Female; Ghana; Home Childbirth; Humans; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Research Design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928400347	Triple return on investment: The cost and impact of 13 interventions that could prevent stillbirths and save the lives of mothers and babies in South Africa	Michalow J., Chola L., McGee S., Tugendhaft A., Pattinson R., Kerber K., Hofman K.	2015	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	15	1	10.1186/s12884-015-0456-9	Priority Cost-Effective Lessons for Systems Strengthening-South Africa (PRICELESS SA), Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medical Research Council Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pretoria, South Africa; Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa	Michalow, J., Priority Cost-Effective Lessons for Systems Strengthening-South Africa (PRICELESS SA), Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chola, L., Priority Cost-Effective Lessons for Systems Strengthening-South Africa (PRICELESS SA), Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; McGee, S., Priority Cost-Effective Lessons for Systems Strengthening-South Africa (PRICELESS SA), Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tugendhaft, A., Priority Cost-Effective Lessons for Systems Strengthening-South Africa (PRICELESS SA), Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pattinson, R., Medical Research Council Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pretoria, South Africa; Kerber, K., Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa; Hofman, K., Priority Cost-Effective Lessons for Systems Strengthening-South Africa (PRICELESS SA), Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: The time of labor, birth and the first days of life are the most vulnerable period for mothers and children. Despite significant global advocacy, there is insufficient understanding of the investment required to save additional lives. In particular, stillbirths have been neglected. Over 20 000 stillbirths are recorded annually in South Africa, many of which could be averted. This analysis examines available South Africa specific stillbirth data and evaluates the impact and cost-effectiveness of 13 interventions acknowledged to prevent stillbirths and maternal and newborn mortality. Methods: Multiple data sources were reviewed to evaluate changes in stillbirth rates since 2000. The intervention analysis used the Lives Saved tool (LiST) and the Family Planning module (FamPlan) in Spectrum. LiST was used to determine the number of stillbirths and maternal and neonatal deaths that could be averted by scaling up the interventions to full coverage (99%) in 2030. The impact of family planning was assessed by increasing FamPlan's default 70% coverage of modern contraception to 75% and 80% coverage. Total and incremental costs were determined in the LiST costing module. Cost-effectiveness measured incremental cost effectiveness ratios per potential life years gained. Results: Significant variability exists in national stillbirth data. Using the international stillbirth definition, the SBR was 17.6 per 1 000 births in 2013. Full coverage of the 13 interventions in 2030 could reduce the SBR by 30% to 12.4 per 1 000 births, leading to an MMR of 132 per 100 000 and an NMR of 7 per 1 000 live births. Increased family planning coverage reduces the number of deaths significantly. The full intervention package, with 80% family planning coverage in 2030, would require US$420 million (US$7.8 per capita) annually, which is less than baseline costs of US$550 million (US$10.2 per capita). All interventions were highly cost-effective. Conclusion: This is the first analysis in South Africa to assess the impact of scaling up interventions to avert stillbirths. Improved coverage of 13 interventions that are already recommended could significantly impact the rates of stillbirth and maternal and neonatal mortality. Family planning should also be prioritized to reduce mortality and overall costs. © 2015 Michalow et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Child health; Cost analysis; Maternal health; South Africa; Stillbirths	magnesium sulfate; tetanus toxoid; antibiotic therapy; Article; case management; child care; corticosteroid therapy; cost effectiveness analysis; delivery; early diagnosis; family planning; health care cost; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunization; intrauterine growth retardation; labor; maternal care; maternal diabetes mellitus; maternal hypertension; mortality; newborn; newborn death; obstetric procedure; preeclampsia; prematurity; prenatal care; resuscitation; South Africa; stillbirth; syphilis; third trimester pregnancy	None
None	None	Midwives' intrapartum monitoring process and management resulting in emergency referrals in Tanzania: A qualitative study	Shimoda K., Leshabari S., Horiuchi S., Shimpuku Y., Tashiro J.	2015	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	15	1	10.1186/s12884-015-0691-0	St. Luke's International University, 10-1, Akashi-cho, Tokyo, Chuo-ku, Japan; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Nursing, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan; St. Luke's Birth Clinic, Tokyo, Japan	Shimoda, K., St. Luke's International University, 10-1, Akashi-cho, Tokyo, Chuo-ku, Japan; Leshabari, S., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Nursing, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Horiuchi, S., St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan, St. Luke's Birth Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; Shimpuku, Y., St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan; Tashiro, J., St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan	Background: In the United Republic of Tanzania, the maternal mortality ratio, and neonatal mortality rate have remained high for the last 10years. It is well documented that many complications of pregnancy are avoidable by providing skilled midwifery care during and immediately after childbirth. However, there have been delays in providing timely and necessary obstetric interventions, most likely due to lack of proper monitoring during labor. Yet, there has been little research concerning how midwives monitor the process of childbirth. Therefore, this study aimed to describe how midwives monitored and managed the process of childbirth to achieve early consulting and timely referral to obstetricians. Methods: The design was qualitative and descriptive, using data from comprehensive semi-structured interviews of midwives. The interviews were conducted at one hospital and one health center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's largest city. Eleven participants were purposively recruited and interviewed about their experiences managing complicated intrapartum cases. After the interviews, data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Derived from the data were three activity phases: initial encounter, monitoring, and acting. During these phases, midwives noticed danger signs, identified problems, revised and confirmed initial problem identification, and organized for medical intervention or referral. The timing of taking action was different for each midwife and depended on the nature of the prolonged and obstructed labor case. Conclusions: For the majority of midwives, the processing of assessments and judgments was brief and without reflection, and only a few midwives took time to continue to monitor the labor after the initial identification of problems and before taking actions. To make a final judgment that the labor was becoming prolonged or obstructed, midwives should consider taking time to review and synthesize all their findings. © 2015 Shimoda et al.	Childbirth; Clinical judgment; Decision making; Developing countries; Emergency referral; Quality of care; Tanzania	Article; childbirth; clinical decision making; controlled study; educational status; emergency care; health care quality; human; intrapartum care; labor management; maternal care; maternal mortality; midwife attitude; midwifery education; patient monitoring; patient referral; personnel shortage; problem identification; professional knowledge; qualitative research; semi structured interview; Tanzania; work experience	None
WoS	WOS:000334942700001	Implementation and evaluation of the Helping Babies Breathe curriculum in three resource limited settings: does Helping Babies Breathe save lives? A study protocol	Bang, Akash,Bellad, Roopa,Carlo, Waldemar A.,Derman, Richard J.,Esamai, Fabian,Gisore, Peter,Goco, Norman,Goudar, Shivaprasad,Hibberd, Patricia,Liechty, Edward A.,McClure, Elizabeth,Meleth, Sreelatha,Patel, Archana,Wright, Linda L.	2014	BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2393-14-116	Harvard University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, Research Triangle Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham, University of Alabama System, Christiana Care, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, KLEs Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Lata Med Res Fdn, Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), , RTI Int	"Carlo, Waldemar A.: University of Alabama Birmingham","Carlo, Waldemar A.: University of Alabama System","Esamai, Fabian: Moi University","Gisore, Peter: Moi University","Goco, Norman: Research Triangle Institute","Hibberd, Patricia: Harvard University","Liechty, Edward A.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Liechty, Edward A.: Indiana University System","McClure, Elizabeth: Research Triangle Institute","Meleth, Sreelatha: Research Triangle Institute","Wright, Linda L.: National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA",	Background: Neonatal deaths account for over 40% of all under-5 year deaths; their reduction is increasingly critical for achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. An estimated 3 million newborns die annually during their first month of life; half of these deaths occur during delivery or within 24 hours. Every year, 6 million babies require help to breathe immediately after birth. Resuscitation training to help babies breathe and prevent/manage birth asphyxia is not routine in low-middle income facility settings. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a simulation-training program for babies wherever they are born, was developed for use in low-middle income countries. We evaluated whether HBB training of facility birth attendants reduces perinatal mortality in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Global Network research sites. Methods/design: We hypothesize that a two-year prospective pre-post study to evaluate the impact of a facility-based training package, including HBB and essential newborn care, will reduce all perinatal mortality (fresh stillbirth or neonatal death prior to 7 days) among the Global Network's Maternal Neonatal Health Registry births &gt;= 1500 grams in the study clusters served by the facilities. We will also evaluate the effectiveness of the HBB training program changing on facility-based perinatal mortality and resuscitation practices. Seventy-one health facilities serving 52 geographically-defined study clusters in Belgaum and Nagpur, India, and Eldoret, Kenya, and 30,000 women will be included. Primary outcome data will be collected by staff not involved in the HBB intervention. Additional data on resuscitations, resuscitation debriefings, death audits, quality monitoring and improvement will be collected. HBB training will include training of MTs, facility level birth attendants, and quality monitoring and improvement activities. Discussion: Our study will evaluate the effect of a HBB/ENC training and quality monitoring and improvement package on perinatal mortality using a large multicenter design and approach in 71 resource-limited health facilities, leveraging an existing birth registry to provide neonatal outcomes through day 7. The study will provide the evidence base, lessons learned, and best practices that will be essential to guiding future policy and investment in neonatal resuscitation.	ASPHYXIA,"bag and mask ventilation","&gt;= 1500 grams","Helping Babies Breathe","NEONATAL MORTALITY","PERINATAL MORTALITY",RESUSCITATION,STILLBIRTH,DEVELOPING-COUNTRY,"NEONATAL RESUSCITATION",PERINATAL-MORTALITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296467100001	Maternal health interventions in resource limited countries: a systematic review of packages, impacts and factors for change	Nyamtema, Angelo S.,Urassa, David P.,van Roosmalen, Jos	2011	BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2393-11-30	Leiden University, VU University Amsterdam, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Sci, Tanzanian Training Ctr Int Hlth	None	Background: The burden of maternal mortality in resource limited countries is still huge despite being at the top of the global public health agenda for over the last 20 years. We systematically reviewed the impacts of interventions on maternal health and factors for change in these countries. Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles published in the English language reporting on implementation of interventions, their impacts and underlying factors for maternal health in resource limited countries in the past 23 years were searched from PubMed, Popline, African Index Medicus, internet sources including reproductive health gateway and Google, hand-searching, reference lists and grey literature. Results: Out of a total of 5084 articles resulting from the search only 58 qualified for systematic review. Programs integrating multiple interventions were more likely to have significant positive impacts on maternal outcomes. Training in emergency obstetric care (EmOC), placement of care providers, refurbishment of existing health facility infrastructure and improved supply of drugs, consumables and equipment for obstetric care were the most frequent interventions integrated in 52% - 65% of all 54 reviewed programs. Statistically significant reduction of maternal mortality ratio and case fatality rate were reported in 55% and 40% of the programs respectively. Births in EmOC facilities and caesarean section rates increased significantly in 71% - 75% of programs using these indicators. Insufficient implementation of evidence-based interventions in resources limited countries was closely linked to a lack of national resources, leadership skills and end-users factors. Conclusions: This article presents a list of evidenced-based packages of interventions for maternal health, their impacts and factors for change in resource limited countries. It indicates that no single magic bullet intervention exists for reduction of maternal mortality and that all interventional programs should be integrated in order to bring significant changes. State leaders and key actors in the health sectors in these countries and the international community are proposed to translate the lessons learnt into actions and intensify efforts in order to achieve the goals set for maternal health.	,"ANTENATAL CARE","EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE","EMOC SERVICES",MORTALITY,NEPAL,PROGRAM,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL",SUPPLEMENTATION,"TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS",VITAMIN-A	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893204534	Identifying perceived barriers to monitoring service quality among substance abuse treatment providers in South Africa	Myers B., Petersen Z., Kader R., Koch J.R., Manderscheid R., Govender R., Parry C.D.H.	2014	BMC Psychiatry	14	1	10.1186/1471-244X-14-31	Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; National Association of County Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability Directors, Washington DC, United States; Department of Sociology, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Myers, B., Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Petersen, Z., Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Kader, R., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Koch, J.R., Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Manderscheid, R., National Association of County Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability Directors, Washington DC, United States; Govender, R., Department of Sociology, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Parry, C.D.H., Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: A performance measurement system is planned for South African substance abuse treatment services. Provider-level barriers to implementing these systems have been identified in the United States, but little is known about the nature of these barriers in South Africa. This study explored the willingness of South African substance abuse treatment providers' to adopt a performance measurement system and perceived barriers to monitoring service quality that would need to be addressed during system development.Methods: Three focus group discussions were held with treatment providers from two of the nine provinces in South Africa. These providers represented the diverse spread of substance abuse treatment services available in the country. The final sample comprised 21 representatives from 12 treatment facilities: eight treatment centres in the Western Cape and four in KwaZulu-Natal. Content analysis was used to extract core themes from these discussions.Results: Participants identified barriers to the monitoring of service quality that included outdated modes of collecting data, personnel who were already burdened by paperwork, lack of time to collect data, and limited skills to analyse and interpret data. Participants recommended that developers engage with service providers in a participatory manner to ensure that service providers are invested in the proposed performance measurement system.Conclusion: Findings show that substance abuse treatment providers are willing to adopt a performance measurement system and highlight several barriers that need to be addressed during system development in order to enhance the likelihood that this system will be successfully implemented. © 2014 Myers et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Performance measurement; Service monitoring; Service quality; South Africa; Substance abuse treatment	adult; article; female; health care facility; health care personnel; health care quality; health service; human; information processing; job stress; male; middle aged; patient monitoring; performance measurement system; physician; psychologist; social participation; social worker; South Africa; substance abuse; health care personnel; perception; psychology; Substance-Related Disorders; task performance; Adult; Female; Focus Groups; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Perception; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898596877	The rise of assertive community interventions in South Africa: A randomized control trial assessing the impact of a modified assertive intervention on readmission rates; a three year follow-up	Botha U.A., Koen L., Galal U., Jordaan E., Niehaus D.J.H.	2014	BMC Psychiatry	14	1	10.1186/1471-244X-14-56	Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Botha, U.A., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Koen, L., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Galal, U., Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Jordaan, E., Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa; Niehaus, D.J.H., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Background: Many countries have over the last few years incorporated mental health assertive interventions in an attempt to address the repercussions of deinstitutionalization. Recent publications have failed to duplicate the positive outcomes reported initially which has cast doubt on the future of these interventions. We previously reported on 29 patients from a developing country who completed 12 months in an assertive intervention which was a modified version of the international assertive community treatment model. We demonstrated reduction in readmission rates as well as improvements in social functioning compared to patients from the control group. The obvious question was, however, if these outcomes could be sustained for longer periods of time. This study aims to determine if modified assertive interventions in an under-resourced setting can successfully maintain reductions in hospitalizations.Methods: Patients suffering from schizophrenia who met a modified version of Weidens' high frequency criteria were randomized into two groups. One group received a modified assertive intervention based on the international assertive community treatment model. The other group received standard care according to the model of service delivery in this region. Data was collected after 36 months, comparing readmissions and days spent in hospital.Results: The results demonstrated significant differences between the groups. Patients in the intervention group had significantly less readmissions (p = 0.007) and spent less days in hospital compared to the patients in the control group (p = 0.013).Conclusion: Modified assertive interventions may be successful in reducing readmissions and days spent in hospital in developing countries where standard care services are less comprehensive. These interventions can be tailored in such a way to meet service needs and still remain affordable and feasible within the context of an under-resourced setting. © 2014 Botha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Assertive interventions; Days in hospital; Developing countries; Readmission rates	adult; article; assertiveness; clinical article; community; control group; controlled study; developing country; female; follow up; group therapy; health care delivery; hospital readmission; hospitalization; human; intervention study; male; mental health service; patient care; randomized controlled trial; schizophrenia; South Africa; adolescent; deinstitutionalization; hospital readmission; middle aged; schizophrenia; statistics and numerical data; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Community Mental Health Services; Deinstitutionalization; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Readmission; Schizophrenia; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925615481	Major depressive disorder seven years after the conflict in northern Uganda: Burden, risk factors and impact on outcomes (The Wayo-Nero Study)	Mugisha J., Muyinda H., Malamba S., Kinyanda E.	2015	BMC Psychiatry	15	1	10.1186/s12888-015-0423-z	Makerere University, Child Health and Development Center, School of Health Sciences, Makerere Hill, P. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda; Butabika National Psychiatric Referral Hospital, Off Old Port Bell, P.o.Box 7017, Kampala, Uganda; Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gate 2, Trondheim, Norway; 50-59 Nakiwogo Street, Entebbe, Uganda; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda/MRC-DFID African Leadership Award, 50-59 Nakiwogo Street, Entebbe, Uganda; Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Makerere Hill, Kampala, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Mugisha, J., Makerere University, Child Health and Development Center, School of Health Sciences, Makerere Hill, P. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda, Butabika National Psychiatric Referral Hospital, Off Old Port Bell, P.o.Box 7017, Kampala, Uganda, Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gate 2, Trondheim, Norway; Muyinda, H., Makerere University, Child Health and Development Center, School of Health Sciences, Makerere Hill, P. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda; Malamba, S., 50-59 Nakiwogo Street, Entebbe, Uganda; Kinyanda, E., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda/MRC-DFID African Leadership Award, 50-59 Nakiwogo Street, Entebbe, Uganda, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Makerere Hill, Kampala, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major public health burden in conflict areas. However, it is not known for how long and by how much the observed high rates of MDD seen in conflict settings persist into the post-conflict period. Methods: A cross sectional survey was employed seven years after the conflict in northern Uganda had ended in the three districts of Amuru, Gulu and Nwoya. Results: The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) was 24.7% (95% CI: 22.9%-26.4%). The distribution by gender was females 29.2% (95% CI: 14.6%-19.5%) and males 17.0% (95% CI: 26.9%-31.5%). The risk factors for MDD fell under the broad domains of socio-demographic factors (female gender, increasing age, being widowed and being separated/divorced); distal psychosocial vulnerability factors ( being HIV positive, low social support, increasing war trauma events previously experienced, war trauma stress scores previously experienced, past psychiatric history, family history of mental illness, negative coping style, increasing childhood trauma scores, life-time attempted suicide, PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol dependency disorder) and the psychosocial stressors (food insufficiency, increasing negative life event scores, increasing stress scores). 'Not receiving anti-retroviral therapy' for those who were HIV positive was the only negative clinical and behavioral outcome associated with MDD. Conclusions: These findings indicate that post-conflict northern Uganda still has high rates for MDD. The risk factors are quite many (including psychiatric, psychological and social factors) hence the need for effective multi-sectoral programs to address the high rates of MDD in the region. These programs should be long term in order to address the long term effects of war. Longitudinal studies are recommended to continuously assess the trends of MDD in the region and remedial action taken. © 2015 Mugisha et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Major depressive disorder; Northern Uganda; Outcomes; Post-conflict; Risk factors	adult; age; alcoholism; Article; battle injury; childhood injury; controlled study; coping behavior; cross-sectional study; disease association; divorced person; family history; female; food insecurity; generalized anxiety disorder; health impact assessment; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; life event; Life Events Scale; major clinical study; major depression; male; mental stress; outcome assessment; personal experience; posttraumatic stress disorder; prevalence; psychological aspect; risk factor; self report; separated person; sex ratio; social psychology; social status; social support; Social Support Index; structured questionnaire; suicide attempt; time; Uganda; vulnerable population; war; widowed person; young adult; civil disorder; cost of illness; Depressive Disorder, Major; middle aged; psychology; risk factor; Adult; Civil Disorders; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Social Support; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951787068	Missed opportunities in TB diagnosis: A TB Process-Based Performance Review tool to evaluate and improve clinical care	Field N., Murray J., Wong M.L., Dowdeswell R., Dudumayo N., Rametsi L., Martinson N., Lipman M., Glynn J.R., Sonnenberg P.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-127	Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Anglo Platinum, Rustenburg, South Africa; Lonmin PLC, Rustenburg, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, United States; Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Field, N., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Murray, J., National Institute for Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wong, M.L., Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dowdeswell, R., Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Anglo Platinum, Rustenburg, South Africa; Dudumayo, N., Lonmin PLC, Rustenburg, South Africa; Rametsi, L., Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Anglo Platinum, Rustenburg, South Africa; Martinson, N., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, United States; Lipman, M., Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Glynn, J.R., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Sonnenberg, P., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Background: Traditional tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome measures, such as cure rate, do not provide insight into the underlying reasons for missing clinical targets. We evaluated a TB Process-Based Performance Review (TB-PBPR) tool, developed to identify "missed opportunities" for timely and accurate diagnosis of TB. The tool enables performance assessment at the level of process and quality of care. Methods. The TB-PBPR tool is a single-page structured flow-sheet that identifies 14 clinical actions (grouped into elicited symptoms, clinical examination and investigations). Medical records from selected deceased patients were reviewed at two South African mine hospitals (A = 56 cases; B = 26 cases), a South African teaching hospital (C = 20 cases) and a UK teaching hospital (D = 13 cases). Results: In hospital A, where autopsy was routine, TB was missed in life in 52% (23/44) of cases and was wrongly attributed as the cause of death in 16% (18/110). Clinical omissions were identified at each hospital and at every stage of clinical management. For example, recording of chest symptoms was omitted in up to 39% of cases, sputum smear examination in up to 85% and chest radiograph in up to 38% of cases respectively. Conclusions: This study introduces the TB-PBPR tool as a novel method to review and evaluate clinical performance in TB management. We found that simple clinical actions were omitted in many cases. The tool, in conjunction with a manual describing best practice, is adaptable to a range of settings, is educational and enables detailed feedback within a TB programme. The TB-PBPR tool and manual are both freely available for general use. © 2011 Field et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; aged; article; female; human; male; medical audit; middle aged; South Africa; standard; teaching hospital; tuberculin test; tuberculosis; United Kingdom; Adult; Aged; Female; Great Britain; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Medical Audit; Middle Aged; South Africa; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928012852	Students want HIV testing in schools a formative evaluation of the acceptability of HIV testing and counselling at schools in Gauteng and North West provinces in South Africa	Madiba S., Mokgatle M.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1746-x	Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa	Madiba, S., Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokgatle, M., Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa	Background: The proposal by the South African Health Ministry to implement HIV testing and counselling (HTC) at schools in 2011 generated debates about the appropriateness of such testing. However, the debate has been between the Ministries of Education and Health, with little considerations of the students. The main aim of the study was to assess the students' opinions and uptake of HIV testing and counselling in general, and the acceptability of the provision of HIV testing and counselling in schools. The study also determined the association between socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, and HIV testing behaviour of the students. Methods: A survey was conducted among grade 10-12 high school students in North West and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Seventeen high schools (nine rural and eight urban) were randomly selected for the administration of a researcher-assisted, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 2970 students aged 14-27 years participated in the study; 1632 (55%) were girls, 1810 (61%) ever had sex, and 1271 (49.8%) had more than one sex partner. The mean age of first sexual activity was 15.6. Half (n∈=∈1494, 50.1%) had been tested for HIV. Having multiple sexual partners, age, and gender were significantly associated with increased odds of having had a HIV test. Fear, being un-informed about HTC, and low HIV risk perceptions were the reasons for not getting tested. The acceptability of HTC at school was high (n∈=∈2282, 76.9%) and 2129 (71.8%) were willing to be tested at school. Appropriateness, privacy, and secrecy were the main arguments for and against HTC at school. One-third (n∈=∈860, 29%) had intentions to disclose their HIV status to students versus 1258 (42.5%) for teachers. Stigma, discrimination and secrecy were the primary reasons students did not intend to disclose. Conclusions: A high acceptability of HTC and willingness to be tested at school suggest that HIV prevention programs tailored to youth have a high potential of success given the readiness of students to uptake HTC. Bringing HIV testing to the school setting will increase the uptake of HTC among youth and contribute towards efforts to scale up HTC in South Africa. © 2015 Madiba and Mokgatle; licensee BioMed Central.	Acceptability of HTC at school; Disclosure; HIV status; Sexual behaviour; South Africa; Stigma and discrimination; Students; Uptake of HTC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930194290	Impact of tea drinking upon tuberculosis: A neglected issue	Chen M., Deng J., Li W., Lin D., Su C., Wang M., Li X., Abuaku B.K., Tan H., Wen S.W.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1855-6	Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Nursing, Shaoyang Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, China; Yueyanglou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan, China; Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O, Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada	Chen, M., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Hunan Children's Hospital, Ziyuan RD 86, Changsha, Hunan, China; Deng, J., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Li, W., Department of Nursing, Shaoyang Medical College, Shaoyang, Hunan, China; Lin, D., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Su, C., Yueyanglou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan, China; Wang, M., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Li, X., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Abuaku, B.K., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O, Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Tan, H., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Wen, S.W., Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue posing serious harm to the human health. Many studies have suggested that smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors for TB. Laboratory evidence suggests that EGCG in tea leaves can arrest the growth of tubercle bacillus. Can drinking tea lead to decreased susceptibility of TB in humans? Methods: A total of 574 TB patients and 582 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case-control study. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Unconditioned logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associations between tea drinking and TB. Results: Tea drinking has a negative association with TB, with OR∈=∈0.583(0.423, 0.804) and P∈<∈0.05. Drinking black tea, oolong and green tea are all negative association with TB, with OR being 0.683(0.517, 0.902), 0.674(0.508, 0.894) and 0.534(0.349, 0.817) respectively and P∈<∈0.05. Trend χ 2 test indicated a decreasing risk for TB with increased tea consumption, with P∈<∈0.05. Conclusion: There is a significance negative association between tea drinking and TB. Promoting the consumption of tea as the daily drink among populations, particularly those with high TB risk, may reduce the incidence of TB in the populations. © 2015 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	tea; Tuberculosis	tea; adult; aged; case control study; female; human; incidence; male; middle aged; risk factor; tea; tuberculosis; young adult; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Tea; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876108477	Social acceptability and perceived impact of a community-led cash transfer programme in Zimbabwe	Skovdal M., Mushati P., Robertson L., Munyati S., Sherr L., Nyamukapa C., Gregson S.	2013	BMC Public Health	13	1	10.1186/1471-2458-13-342	Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Skovdal, M., Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Mushati, P., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Robertson, L., School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Munyati, S., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Sherr, L., Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Nyamukapa, C., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Gregson, S., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Background: Cash transfer programmes are increasingly recognised as promising and scalable interventions that can promote the health and development of children. However, concerns have been raised about the potential for cash transfers to contribute to social division, jealousy and conflict at a community level. Against this background, and in our interest to promote community participation in cash transfer programmes, we examine local perceptions of a community-led cash transfer programme in Eastern Zimbabwe. Methods. We collected and analysed data from 35 individual interviews and three focus group discussions, involving 24 key informants (community committee members and programme implementers), 24 cash transfer beneficiaries, of which four were youth, and 14 non-beneficiaries. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis and coding to generate concepts. Results: Study participants described the programme as participatory, fair and transparent - reducing the likelihood of jealousy. The programme was perceived to have had a substantial impact on children's health and education, primarily through aiding parents and guardians to better cater for their children's needs. Moreover, participants alluded to the potential of the programme to facilitate more transformational change, for example by enabling families to invest money in assets and income generating activities and by promoting a community-wide sense of responsibility for the support of orphaned and vulnerable children. Conclusion: Community participation, combined with the perceived impact of the cash transfer programme, led community members to speak enthusiastically about the programme. We conclude that community-led cash transfer programmes have the potential to open up for possibilities of participation and community agency that enable social acceptability and limit social divisiveness. © 2013 Skovdal et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Cash transfers; Child health; Community participation HIV/AIDS; Incentives; Social protection; Zimbabwe	adolescent; adult; age distribution; article; automutilation; child; female; human; intoxication; male; sex ratio; Sri Lanka; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Self-Injurious Behavior; Sex Distribution; Sri Lanka	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952900333	Shamba Maisha: A pilot study assessing impacts of a micro-irrigation intervention on the health and economic wellbeing of HIV patients	Pandit J.A., Sirotin N., Tittle R., Onjolo E., Bukusi E.A., Cohen C.R.	2010	BMC Public Health	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-245	Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, United States; Department of Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, United States; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, United States; Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya	Pandit, J.A., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, United States; Sirotin, N., Department of Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, United States, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, United States; Tittle, R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, United States; Onjolo, E., Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya; Bukusi, E.A., Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya; Cohen, C.R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, United States	HIV/AIDS negatively impacts poverty alleviation and food security, which reciprocally hinder the rapid scale up and effectiveness of HIV care programs. Nyanza province has the highest HIV prevalence (15.3%), and is the third highest contributor (2.4 million people) to rural poverty in Kenya. Thus, we tested the feasibility of providing a micro-irrigation pump to HIV-positive farmers in order to evaluate its impact on health and economic advancement among HIV-positive patients and their families. Methods. Thirty HIV-positive patients enrolled in the Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES) program in Kisumu, Kenya were provided a micro-financed loan to receive an irrigation pump and farming guidance from KickStart, the developer of the pump. Economic data, CD4 counts, household health and loan repayment history were collected 12 months after the pumps were distributed. Results. Mean annual family income increased by $1,332 over baseline. CD4 counts did not change significantly. Though income increased, only three (10%) participants had paid off more than a quarter of the loan. Conclusions. We demonstrated the feasibility of an income-generating micro-irrigation intervention among HIV-positive patients and the collection of health and economic data. While family income improved significantly, loan repayment rates were low- likely complicated by the drought that occurred in Kenya during the intervention period. © 2010 Pandit et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	agriculture; article; economics; financial management; health status; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; income; information processing; pilot study; socioeconomics; Agriculture; Financial Support; Focus Groups; Health Status; HIV Infections; Humans; Income; Pilot Projects; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930190272	Evaluation of AFP surveillance indicators in polio-free Ghana, 2009-2013	Odoom J.K., Ntim N.A.A., Sarkodie B., Addo J., Minta-Asare K., Obodai E., Eshun M., Ahove V.V., Diamenu S., Adjabeng M., Arthur-Quarm J., Barnor J.S.	2014	BMC Public Health	14	1	10.1186/1471-2458-14-687	Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana	Odoom, J.K., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ntim, N.A.A., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Sarkodie, B., Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; Addo, J., Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; Minta-Asare, K., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Obodai, E., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Eshun, M., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ahove, V.V., World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana; Diamenu, S., World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana; Adjabeng, M., Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; Arthur-Quarm, J., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Barnor, J.S., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Background: Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted through high routine immunisation coverage with live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), effective acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and supplementary immunisation activities (SIA). This article describes the results of a five-year surveillance of AFP in polio-free Ghana, evaluate the surveillance indicators and identify areas that need improvement. Methods. We investigated 1345 cases of AFP from children aged less than 15 years reported to the Disease Surveillance Department from January 2009 to December 2013. Data on demographic characteristics, vaccination history, clinical presentation and virological investigation on stool specimens collected during investigation were analysed. Results: Of the specimens analysed, 56% were from males and 76.3% were from children less than 5 years of age. Twenty-four percent of the children received up to 3 doses of OPV, 57% received at least 4 doses while the status of 19% was unknown. Core AFP surveillance indicators were partly met for non-polio AFP rate while the WHO target for stool adequacy and timeliness was exceeded over the period of study. All the cases were classified virologically, however no wild polio was found. Sixty-day follow-up was conducted for 56.3% of cases and 8.6% cases classified as compactible with polio. Conclusion: Both laboratory and epidemiological surveillance for AFP were efficient and many WHO targets were met. However, due to the risk of poliovirus importation prior to global eradication, longterm surveillance is required to provide a high degree of confidence in prevention of poliovirus infection in Ghana. Thus, efforts should be made to strengthen regional performance and to follow-up on all AFP cases in order to establish proper diagnoses for the causes of the AFP leading to proper care. © 2014 Odoom et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	AFP; Ghana; Indicators; Regional Reference Polio Laboratory; Surveillance	oral poliomyelitis vaccine; adolescent; child; evaluation study; feces; female; Ghana; health survey; human; male; microbiology; paraplegia; poliomyelitis; preschool child; world health organization; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Ghana; Humans; Male; Paraplegia; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Population Surveillance; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953094758	Development and evaluation of a patient centered cardiovascular health education program for insured patients in rural Nigeria (QUICK - II)	Odusola A.O., Hendriks M., Schultsz C., Stronks K., Lange J., Osibogun A., Akande T., Alli S., Adenusi P., Agbede K., Haafkens J.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-171	Dept of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam, 1105 BM, Netherlands; PharmAccess Foundation, 1c Raymond Njoku Street, S.W. Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria; Dept of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Universit	Odusola, A.O., Dept of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam, 1105 BM, Netherlands, PharmAccess Foundation, 1c Raymond Njoku Street, S.W. Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria; Hendriks, M., Dept of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam, 1105 BM, Netherlands, Dept of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands; Schultsz, C., Dept of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam, 1105 BM, Netherlands, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 190 Ben Ham Tu, Ho Chi Min City, District 5, Viet Nam; Stronks, K., Dept of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands; Lange, J., Dept of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, Amsterdam, 1105 BM, Netherlands; Osibogun, A., Dept of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B.12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Akande, T., Dept of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1459, Ilorin, postal code 240001, Nigeria; Alli, S., Dept of Cardiology, Lagoon Hospitals, 8 Marine Road, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria; Adenusi, P., Hygeia Nigeria Ltd, 13B Idejo Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Agbede, K., Ogo Oluwa Hospital, 64/65 Ahmadu Bello Way, Bacita, Kwara State, Nigeria; Haafkens, J., Dept of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands	Background: In Sub Saharan Africa, the incidence of hypertension and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors is growing rapidly. Poor adherence to prescribed prevention and treatment regimens by patients can compromise treatment outcomes. Patient-centered cardiovascular health education is likely to improve shortcomings in adherence. This paper describes a study that aims to develop a cardiovascular health education program for patients participating in a subsidized insurance plan in Nigeria and to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness in patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods/Design. Design: The study has two parts. Part 1 will develop a cardiovascular health education program, using qualitative interviews with stakeholders. Part 2 will evaluate the effectiveness of the program in patients, using a prospective (pre-post) observational design. Setting: A rural primary health center in Kwara State, Nigeria. Population: For part 1: 40 patients, 10 healthcare professionals, and 5 insurance managers. For part 2: 150 patients with uncontrolled hypertension or other cardiovascular risk factors after one year of treatment. Intervention: Part 2: patient-centered cardiovascular health education program. Measurements: Part 1: Semi-structured interviews to identify stakeholder perspectives. Part 2: Pre- and post-intervention assessments including patients' demographic and socioeconomic data, blood pressure, body mass index and self-reporting measures on medication adherence and perception of care. Feasibility of the intervention will be measured using process data. Outcomes: For program development (part 1): overview of healthcare professionals' perceptions on barriers and facilitators to care, protocol for patient education, and protocol implementation plan. For program evaluation (part 2): changes in patients' scores on adherence to medication and life style changes, blood pressure, and other physiological and self-reporting measures at six months past baseline. Analysis: Part 1: content analytic technique utilizing MAXQDA software. Part 2: univariate and multilevel analysis to assess outcomes of intervention. Discussion. Diligent implementation of patient-centered education should enhance adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention and management programs in low income countries. Trial Registration. ISRCTN47894401. © 2011 Odusola et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adolescent; adult; article; cardiovascular disease; evaluation; female; health care quality; health insurance; human; insurance; male; methodology; middle aged; Nigeria; organization and management; patient care; patient education; program development; prospective study; risk factor; rural health care; Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Insurance Coverage; Insurance, Health; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Patient Education as Topic; Patient-Centered Care; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Prospective Studies; Research Design; Risk Factors; Rural Health Services; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883544683	Qualitative evaluation of the Teenage Mothers Project in Uganda: A community-based empowerment intervention for unmarried teenage mothers	Leerlooijer J.N., Bos A.E., Ruiter R.A., Van Reeuwijk M.A., Rijsdijk L.E., Nshakira N., Kok G.	2013	BMC Public Health	13	1	10.1186/1471-2458-13-816	Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Rutgers WPF, Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands; Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Windesheim Honours College, Zwolle, Netherlands; Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Kampala, Uganda	Leerlooijer, J.N., Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Bos, A.E., School of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands; Ruiter, R.A., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Van Reeuwijk, M.A., Rutgers WPF, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rijsdijk, L.E., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Windesheim Honours College, Zwolle, Netherlands; Nshakira, N., Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Kampala, Uganda; Kok, G., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands	Background: A large proportion of unmarried teenage mothers in Uganda face physical, psychological, and social problems after pregnancy and childbirth, such as obstetric complications, lack of education, and stigmatisation in their communities. The Teenage Mothers Project (TMP) in Eastern Uganda empowers unmarried teenage mothers to cope with the consequences of early pregnancy and motherhood. Since 2000, 1036 unmarried teenage mothers, their parents, and community leaders participated in economic and social empowerment interventions. The present study explored the changes resulting from the TMP as well as factors that either enabled or inhibited these changes. Methods. Semi-structured interviews (N = 23) were conducted with former teenage mothers, community leaders, and project implementers, and lifeline histories were obtained from former teenage mothers (N = 9). Quantitative monitoring data regarding demographic and social characteristics of teenage mother participants (N = 1036) were analysed. Results: The findings suggest that, overall, the TMP seems to have contributed to the well-being of unmarried teenage mothers and to a supportive social environment. It appears that the project contributed to supportive community norms towards teenage mothers' position and future opportunities, increased agency, improved coping with early motherhood and stigma, continued education, and increased income generation by teenage mothers. The study findings also suggest limited change in disapproving community norms regarding out-of-wedlock sex and pregnancy, late active enrolment of teenage mothers in the project (i.e., ten months after delivery of the child), and differences in the extent to which parents provided support. Conclusions: It is concluded that strengths of the community-based TMP seem to be its socio-ecological approach, the participatory planning with community leaders and other stakeholders, counselling of parents and unmarried teenage mothers, and the emphasis on education and income generation. The project can improve by earlier active participation of unmarried pregnant adolescents and increased support for parents. © 2013 Leerlooijer et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Agency; Community; Empowerment; Qualitative evaluation; Social change; Stigma; Teenage pregnancy	adaptive behavior; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adolescent pregnancy; article; behavior; community care; developing country; evaluation study; family size; female; health education; human; intervention study; maternal behavior; mental stress; organization and management; pregnancy; psychological aspect; risk assessment; self help; single parent; socioeconomics; statistics; Uganda; young adult; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Community Health Services; Developing Countries; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Health Education; Humans; Intervention Studies; Maternal Behavior; Power (Psychology); Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Risk Assessment; Self-Help Groups; Single Parent; Single Person; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress, Psychological; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872137581	The impact of an employee wellness programme in clothing/textile manufacturing companies: A randomised controlled trial	Edries N., Jelsma J., Maart S.	2013	BMC Public Health	13	1	10.1186/1471-2458-13-25	Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa	Edries, N., Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa; Jelsma, J., Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa; Maart, S., Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa	Background: The prevalence of health risk behaviours is growing amongst South African employees. Health risk behaviours have been identified as a major contributor to reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL) and the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Worksite wellness programmes promise to promote behaviour changes amongst employees and to improve their HRQoL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of an employee wellness programme on HRQoL, health behaviour change, body mass index (BMI) and absenteeism amongst clothing and textile manufacturing employees. Methods. The study used a randomised control trial design. The sample consisted of 80 subjects from three clothing manufacturing companies in Cape Town, South Africa. The experimental group was subjected to a wellness programme based on the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as well as weekly supervised exercise classes over six weeks. The control group received a once-off health promotion talk and various educational pamphlets, with no further intervention. Measurements were recorded at baseline and at six weeks post-intervention. Outcome measures included the EQ-5D, Stanford Exercise Behaviours Scale, body mass index and absenteeism.Data was analysed with the Statistica-8 software program. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the differences in the medians between the two groups and to determine the level of significance. The Sign test was used to determine the within group changes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference between the two groups. Results: At six weeks post intervention the experimental group (39 subjects) demonstrated improvement in almost every parameter. In contrast, apart from an overall decrease in time off work and a reduction in BMI for all study participants, there was no significant change noted in the behaviour of the control group (41 subjects). Seventy percent of the experimental group had improved HRQoL EQ-5D VAS scores post intervention, indicating improved perceived HRQoL. In comparison, only 58% of the control group had improved HRQoL EQ-5D VAS scores post intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline or at six weeks post intervention. Conclusion: An employee wellness programme based on the principles of CBT combined with weekly aerobic exercise class was beneficial in improving the perceived HRQoL and changing health-related behaviours of clothing manufacturing employees. However, it cannot be concluded that the EWP was more effective than the once off health promotion talk as no significant changes were noted between the two groups at 6-weeks post intervention.This trial has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (trial registration number NCT01625039). © 2013 Edries et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Cognitive behaviour therapy; Employee wellness; Musculo-skeletal disorders; Occupational health	absenteeism; adult; article; attitude to health; body mass; clothing; control group; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; female; health behavior; health care quality; health promotion; human; male; materials; methodology; occupation; occupational health service; publication; quality of life; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; South Africa; statistics; textile; Absenteeism; Adult; Body Mass Index; Clothing; Control Groups; Female; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Manufactured Materials; Occupational Health Services; Occupations; Pamphlets; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; South Africa; Textiles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864755136	Impact of community tracer teams on treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in South Africa	Bronner L.E., Podewils L.J., Peters A., Somnath P., Nshuti L., Van Der Walt M., Mametja L.D.	2012	BMC Public Health	12	1	10.1186/1471-2458-12-621	Division of TB Elimination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 3033, United States; Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa; TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Tuberculosis Control and Management, Republic of South Africa National Department of Health, Private Bag X828, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Bronner, L.E., Division of TB Elimination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 3033, United States; Podewils, L.J., Division of TB Elimination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 3033, United States; Peters, A., Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa; Somnath, P., TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Nshuti, L., TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Van Der Walt, M., TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Mametja, L.D., Tuberculosis Control and Management, Republic of South Africa National Department of Health, Private Bag X828, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) indicators in South Africa currently remain well below global targets. In 2008, the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) implemented a community mobilization program in all nine provinces to trace TB patients that had missed a treatment or clinic visit. Implementation sites were selected by TB program managers and teams liaised with health facilities to identify patients for tracing activities. The objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of the TB Tracer Project on treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods. The study population included all smear positive TB patients registered in the Electronic TB Registry from Quarter 1 2007-Quarter 1 2009 in South Africa. Subdistricts were used as the unit of analysis, with each designated as either tracer (standard TB program plus tracer project) or non-tracer (standard TB program only). Mixed linear regression models were utilized to calculate the percent quarterly change in treatment outcomes and to compare changes in treatment outcomes from Quarter 1 2007 to Quarter 1 2009 between tracer and non-tracer subdistricts. Results: For all provinces combined, the percent quarterly change decreased significantly for default treatment outcomes among tracer subdistricts (0.031%; p<0.001) and increased significantly for successful treatment outcomes among tracer subdistricts (0.003%; p=0.03). A significant decrease in the proportion of patient default was observed for all provinces combined over the time period comparing tracer and non-tracer subdistricts (p=0.02). Examination in stratified models revealed the results were not consistent across all provinces; significant differences were observed between tracer and non-tracer subdistricts over time in five of nine provinces for treatment default. Conclusions: Community mobilization of teams to trace TB patients that missed a clinic appointment or treatment dose may be an effective strategy to mitigate default rates and improve treatment outcomes. Additional information is necessary to identify best practices and elucidate discrepancies across provinces; these findings will help guide the NTP in optimizing the adoption of tracing activities for TB control. © 2012 Bronner et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Community mobilization; Default; Outreach; Treatment adherence	article; community care; evaluation; health survey; human; infection control; lung tuberculosis; methodology; organization and management; outcome assessment; patient attitude; patient care; patient compliance; register; retrospective study; South Africa; statistical model; Communicable Disease Control; Community Health Services; Humans; Linear Models; Medication Adherence; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Care Team; Population Surveillance; Registries; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924139696	Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention: Shortened interrupted time series evaluation of a behavioural and structural health promotion and violence prevention intervention for young people in informal settlements in Durban, South Africa	Jewkes R., Gibbs A., Jama-Shai N., Willan S., Misselhorn A., Mushinga M., Washington L., Mbatha N., Skiweyiya Y.	2014	BMC Public Health	14	1	10.1186/1471-2458-14-1325	Gender and Health Research Unit, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; HEARD, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Project Empower, Durban, South Africa	Jewkes, R., Gender and Health Research Unit, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, South Africa, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gibbs, A., HEARD, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Jama-Shai, N., Gender and Health Research Unit, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, South Africa, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Willan, S., HEARD, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Misselhorn, A., HEARD, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Mushinga, M., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Washington, L., Project Empower, Durban, South Africa; Mbatha, N., Project Empower, Durban, South Africa; Skiweyiya, Y., Gender and Health Research Unit, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, South Africa	Background: Gender-based violence and HIV are highly prevalent in the harsh environment of informal settlements and reducing violence here is very challenging. The group intervention Stepping Stones has been shown to reduce men's perpetration of violence in more rural areas, but violence experienced by women in the study was not affected. Economic empowerment interventions with gender training can protect older women from violence, but microloan interventions have proved challenging with young women. We investigated whether combining a broad economic empowerment intervention and Stepping Stones could impact on violence among young men and women. The intervention, Creating Futures, was developed as a new generation of economic empowerment intervention, which enabled livelihood strengthening though helping participants find work or set up a business, and did not give cash or make loans. Methods: We piloted Stepping Stones with Creating Futures in two informal settlements of Durban with 232 out of school youth, mostly aged 18-30 and evaluated with a shortened interrupted time series of two baseline surveys and at 28 and 58 weeks post-baseline. 94/110 men and 111/122 women completed the last assessment, 85.5% and 90.2% respectively of those enrolled. To determine trend, we built random effects regression models with each individual as the cluster for each variable, and measured the slope of the line across the time points. Results: Men's mean earnings in the past month increased by 247% from R411 (~$40) to R1015 (~$102, and women's by 278% R 174 (~$17) to R 484 (about $48) (trend test, p < 0.0001). There was a significant reduction in women's experience of the combined measure of physical and/or sexual IPV in the prior three months from 30.3% to 18.9% (p = 0.037). This was not seen for men. However both men and women scored significantly better on gender attitudes and men significantly reduced their controlling practices in their relationship. The prevalence of moderate or severe depression symptomatology among men and suicidal thoughts decreased significantly (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings are very positive for an exploratory study and indicate that the Creating Futures/ Stepping Stones intervention has potential for impact in these difficult areas with young men and women. Further evaluation is needed. © 2014 Jewkes et al.	None	adolescent; adult; alcoholism; attitude; behavior; depression; female; health promotion; HIV Infections; human; income; male; partner violence; prevalence; prevention and control; procedures; sexual behavior; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; suicidal ideation; violence; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Attitude; Depression; Female; Health Promotion; HIV Infections; Humans; Income; Interrupted Time Series Analysis; Male; Power (Psychology); Prevalence; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Spouse Abuse; Suicidal Ideation; Violence; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941343117	Impact of male partner's awareness and support for contraceptives on female intent to use contraceptives in southeast Nigeria Health behavior, health promotion and society	Ezeanolue E.E., Iwelunmor J., Asaolu I., Obiefune M.C., Ezeanolue C.O., Osuji A., Ogidi A.G., Hunt A.T., Patel D., Yang W., Ehiri J.E.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-2216-1	Global Health and Implementation Science Initiatives, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Box 453064, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urban	Ezeanolue, E.E., Global Health and Implementation Science Initiatives, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Box 453064, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Iwelunmor, J., Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 123 Huff Hall, 1206S, Fourth St., Champaign, IL, United States; Asaolu, I., Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States; Obiefune, M.C., Prevention, Education, Treatment, Training and Research-Global Solutions-PeTR-GS, Plot 25 Liberty Estate, Independence Layout Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ezeanolue, C.O., Healthy Sunrise Foundation, 8752 Castle Ridge Avenue, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Osuji, A., Prevention, Education, Treatment, Training and Research-Global Solutions-PeTR-GS, Plot 25 Liberty Estate, Independence Layout Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ogidi, A.G., Prevention, Education, Treatment, Training and Research-Global Solutions-PeTR-GS, Plot 25 Liberty Estate, Independence Layout Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Hunt, A.T., Global Health and Implementation Science Initiatives, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Box 453064, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Patel, D., Prevention, Education, Treatment, Training and Research-Global Solutions-PeTR-GS, Plot 25 Liberty Estate, Independence Layout Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Yang, W., School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, MS-274, RM212, Lombardi Recreation Center, Reno, NV, United States; Ehiri, J.E., Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, Arizona, United States	Background: Despite the growing body of evidence on use of modern contraceptives among women in sub-Saharan African countries, little is known about the broader context in which female decision-making concerning contraceptive use occurs, particularly the role of their male partners' awareness and support of modern contraceptives. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2468 pregnant women and their male partners enrolled in the Healthy Beginning Initiative (HBI), an intervention to increase HIV testing among pregnant women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria. The aims of this study were to determine: 1) male partners' awareness of, and support for, female contraceptive methods, and 2) influence of male partners' contraceptive awareness and support on pregnant women's expressed desire to use contraception. We used logistic regression models to examine the association between male partners' awareness and support of modern contraceptives on their spouses' desire to use contraceptives. Results: Men's awareness of, and support for, use of modern contraceptives were significantly associated with their female partners' desire to use contraception. A majority of the men who were aware of modern contraceptives (66.5 %) and those who supported their spouses' use of contraception (72.5 %) had partners who expressed a desire to use contraception. Men who were aware of female contraception were 3 times more likely to have spouses who desired to use contraception (AOR∈=∈3.17, 95 % C.I: 2.70-3.75). In addition, men who showed support for their spouses' use of contraception were over 5 times more likely to have spouses who indicated a desire to use contraception (AOR∈=∈5.76, 95 % C.I: 4.82-6.88). Living in a household of 5 or more people (AOR∈=∈1.45, 95 % C.I: 1.23-1.72) and residing in an urban area (AOR∈=∈0.81, 95 % C.I: 0.67-0.97) were also significantly associated with women's expressed desire to use modern contraception. Conclusion: Men's awareness of, and support for, use of modern contraceptives were markedly associated with their spouses' desire to use contraception. This underscores the need for men's involvement in programs that seek to address women's uptake of contraception in low and middle income countries. © 2015 Ezeanolue et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40149106819	Traditional circumcision during manhood initiation rituals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A pre-post intervention evaluation	Peltzer K., Nqeketo A., Petros G., Kanta X.	2008	BMC Public Health	8	None	10.1186/1471-2458-8-64	Health Systems Research Unit, Social Aspect of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Impilo Ya Bantu Health, Lusikisiki, South Africa	Peltzer, K., Health Systems Research Unit, Social Aspect of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Nqeketo, A., Health Systems Research Unit, Social Aspect of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Petros, G., Health Systems Research Unit, Social Aspect of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Kanta, X., Impilo Ya Bantu Health, Lusikisiki, South Africa	Background. Circumcisions undertaken in non-clinical settings can have significant risks of serious adverse events, including death. The aim of this study was to test an intervention for safe traditional circumcision in the context of initiation into manhood among the Xhosa, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods. Traditional surgeons and nurses registered with the health department were trained over five days on ten modules including safe circumcision, infection control, anatomy, post-operative care, detection and early management of complications and sexual health education. Initiates from initiation schools of the trained surgeons and nurses were examined and interviewed on 2 nd, 4th, 7th and 14th day after circumcision. Results. From 192 initiates physically examined at the 14th day after circumcision by a trained clinical nurse high rates of complications were found: 40 (20.8%) had mild delayed wound healing, 31 (16.2%) had a mild wound infection, 22 (10.5%) mild pain and 20 (10.4%) had insufficient skin removed. Most traditional surgeons and nurses wore gloves during operation and care but did not use the recommended circumcision instrument. Only 12% of the initiates were circumcised before their sexual debut and they reported a great deal of sexual risk behaviour. Conclusion. Findings show weak support for scaling up traditional male circumcision. © 2008 Peltzer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adolescent; adult; article; circumcision; controlled study; demography; health behavior; health program; health service; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; infection risk; male; patient assessment; patient care; postoperative care; postoperative complication; postoperative hemorrhage; postoperative infection; postoperative period; risk assessment; sexual behavior; sexual education; South Africa; surgeon; surgical technique; African medicine; circumcision; community health nursing; cultural anthropology; education; ethnology; evaluation; instrumentation; postoperative complication; safety; South Africa; surgery; Adolescent; Circumcision, Male; Culture; Humans; Infection Control; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Postoperative Complications; Public Health Nursing; Safety; South Africa; Surgery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870060620	Evaluating the performance of interpreting Verbal Autopsy 3.2 model for establishing pulmonary tuberculosis as a cause of death in Ethiopia: A population-based cross-sectional study	Tadesse S., Tadesse T.	2012	BMC Public Health	12	1	10.1186/1471-2458-12-1039	Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia	Tadesse, S., Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Tadesse, T., Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia	Background: In resource- poor settings, verbal autopsy data are often reviewed by physicians in order to assign the probable cause of death. But in addition to being time and energy consuming, the method is liable to produce inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the InterVA 3.2 model for establishing pulmonary tuberculosis as a cause of death in comparison with physician review of verbal autopsy data. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2012. All adults aged ≥14 years and died between 01 January 2010 and 15 February 2012 were included in the study. Data were collected by using a pre-tested and modified WHO designed verbal autopsy questionnaire. The verbal autopsy interviews were reviewed by the InterVA model and the physicians. Cohen's kappa statistic, receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity, and specificity values were applied to compare the agreement between the InterVA model and the physician review. Results: A total of 408 adult deaths were studied. The proportion of tuberculosis-specific mortality was established to be 36.0% and 23.0% by the InterVA model and the physicians, respectively. The InterVA model predicted pulmonary tuberculosis as a cause of death with the probability of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85). In classifying all deaths as tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis, the sensitivity and specificity values were 0.82 and 0.78, respectively. A moderate agreement was found between the model and physicians in assigning pulmonary tuberculosis as a cause of deaths [kappa= 0.5; 95% CI: (0.4-0.6)]. Conclusions: This study has revealed that the InterVA model showed a more promising result as a community-level tool for generating pulmonary tuberculosis-specific mortality data from verbal autopsy. The conclusion is believed to provide policymakers with a highly needed piece of information for allocating resources for health intervention. © 2012 Tadesse and Tadesse; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Cause of death; Pulmonary tuberculosis; The InterVA model	adolescent; adult; aged; article; autopsy; cause of death; comparative study; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; evaluation; female; human; lung tuberculosis; male; methodology; middle aged; mortality; reproducibility; statistical model; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Reproducibility of Results; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924260158	Evaluation of the integrated disease surveillance and response system for infectious diseases control in northern Ghana	Adokiya M.N., Awoonor-Williams J.K., Barau I.Y., Beiersmann C., Mueller O.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y	Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional, Bolgatanga, Ghana; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria	Adokiya, M.N., Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Awoonor-Williams, J.K., Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional, Bolgatanga, Ghana; Barau, I.Y., National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Beiersmann, C., Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany; Mueller, O., Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany	Background: Well-functioning surveillance systems are crucial for effective disease control programs. The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was developed and adopted in 1998 for Africa as a comprehensive public health approach and subsequently, Ghana adopted the IDSR technical guidelines in 2002. Since 2012, the IDSR data is reported through the new District Health Information Management System II (DHIMS2) network. The objective was to evaluate the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in northern Ghana. Methods: This was an observational study using mixed methods. Weekly and monthly IDSR data on selected infectious diseases were downloaded and analyzed for 2011, 2012 and 2013 (the years before, of and after DHIMS2 implementation) from the DHIMS2 databank for the Upper East Region (UER) and for two districts of UER. In addition, key informant interviews were conducted among local and regional health officers on the functioning of the IDSR. Results: Clinically diagnosed malaria was the most prevalent disease in UER, with an annual incidence rate close to 1. Around 500 suspected HIV/AIDS cases were reported each year. The highest incidence of cholera and meningitis was reported in 2012 (257 and 392 cases respectively). Three suspected cases of polio and one suspected case of guinea worm were reported in 2013. None of the polio and guinea worm cases and only a fraction of the reported cases of the other diseases were confirmed. A major observation was the large and inconclusive difference in reported cases when comparing weekly and monthly reports. This can be explained by the different reporting practice for the sub-systems. Other challenges were low priority for surveillance, ill-equipped laboratories, rare supervision and missing feedback. Conclusions: The DHIMS2 has improved the availability of IDSR reports, but the quality of data reported is not sufficient. Particularly the inconsistencies between weekly and monthly data need to be addressed. Moreover, support for and communication within the IDSR system is inadequate and calls for attention. © 2015 Adokiya et al.	Data quality; Disease surveillance; Ghana; Health information system; Infectious diseases; Integrated; Response	Africa; female; Ghana; health survey; human; infection control; interview; male; procedures; program evaluation; public health; qualitative research; system analysis; Africa; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Ghana; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Population Surveillance; Program Evaluation; Public Health; Qualitative Research; Systems Integration	None
None	None	Measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy in northern Tanzania: Feasibility and acceptability of the Medication Event Monitoring System	Lyimo R.A., Van Den Boogaard J., Msoka E., Hospers H.J., Van Der Ven A., Mushi D., De Bruin M.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-92	Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P.O.Box 2236, Moshi, Tanzania; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Netherlands; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Community Health Department, P.O.Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Wageningen University, Communication Science, Netherlands	Lyimo, R.A., Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P.O.Box 2236, Moshi, Tanzania; Van Den Boogaard, J., Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Msoka, E., Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P.O.Box 2236, Moshi, Tanzania; Hospers, H.J., Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Netherlands; Van Der Ven, A., Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Mushi, D., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Community Health Department, P.O.Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; De Bruin, M., Wageningen University, Communication Science, Netherlands	Background: An often-used tool to measure adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), an electronic pill-cap that registers date and time of pill-bottle openings. Despite its strengths, MEMS-data can be compromised by inaccurate use and acceptability problems due to its design. These barriers remain, however, to be investigated in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of using MEMS-caps to monitor adherence among HIV-infected patients attending a rural clinic in Tanzania's Kilimanjaro Region. Methods. Eligible patients were approached and asked to use the MEMS-caps for three consecutive months. Thereafter, qualitative, in-depth interviews about the use of MEMS were conducted with the patients. MEMS-data were used to corroborate the interview results. Results: Twenty-three of the 24 patients approached agreed to participate. Apart from MEMS-use on travel occasions, patients reported no barriers regarding MEMS-use. Unexpectedly, the MEMS-bottle design reduced the patients' fear for HIV-status disclosure. Patients indicated that having their behavior monitored motivated them to adhere better. MEMS-data showed that most patients had high levels of adherence and there were no bottle-openings that could not be accounted for by medication intake. Non-adherence in the days prior to clinic visits was common and due to the clinic dispensing too few pills. Conclusion: MEMS-bottle use was readily accepted by patients. Although the MEMS-bottle was used accurately by most patients, patients need to be more explicitly instructed to continue MEMS-use when travelling. Even HIV-clinics with sufficient staff and free medication may impose structural adherence barriers by supplying an insufficient amount of pills. © 2011 Lyimo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adult; article; drug packaging; electronics; evaluation; feasibility study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; male; methodology; middle aged; patient compliance; statistics; Tanzania; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Drug Packaging; Electronics; Feasibility Studies; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957164487	Multi-centred mixed-methods PEPFAR HIV care & support public health evaluation: Study protocol	Harding R., Simms V., Penfold S., McCrone P., Moreland S., Downing J., Powell R.A., Mwangi-Powell F., Namisango E., Fayers P., Curtis S., Higginson I.J.	2010	BMC Public Health	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-584	King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom; King's College London, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry Box P024, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Futures Group One Thomas Circle, NW, Washington, DC 20005, United States; African Palliative Care Association, PO Box 72518, Kampala, Uganda; University of Aberdeen Department of Public Health, School of Medicine Polwarth Building Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; MEASURE Evaluation Project Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 8120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States	Harding, R., King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom; Simms, V., King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom; Penfold, S., King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom; McCrone, P., King's College London, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry Box P024, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Moreland, S., Futures Group One Thomas Circle, NW, Washington, DC 20005, United States; Downing, J., African Palliative Care Association, PO Box 72518, Kampala, Uganda; Powell, R.A., African Palliative Care Association, PO Box 72518, Kampala, Uganda; Mwangi-Powell, F., African Palliative Care Association, PO Box 72518, Kampala, Uganda; Namisango, E., African Palliative Care Association, PO Box 72518, Kampala, Uganda; Fayers, P., University of Aberdeen Department of Public Health, School of Medicine Polwarth Building Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; Curtis, S., MEASURE Evaluation Project Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 8120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Higginson, I.J., King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation School of Medicine at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom	Background: A public health response is essential to meet the multidimensional needs of patients and families affected by HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to appraise curret provision of HIV care and support in East Africa, and to provide evidence-based direction to future care programming, and Public Health Evaluation was commissioned by the PEPFAR programme of the US Government. Methods/Design: This paper described the 2-Phase international mixed methods study protocol utilising longitudinal outcome measurement, surveys, patient and family qualitative interviews and focus groups, staff qualitative interviews, health economics and document analysis. Aim 1) To describe the nature and scope of HIV care and support in two African countries, including the types of facilities available, clients seen, and availability of specific components of care [Study Phase 1]. Aim 2) To determine patient health outcomes over time and principle cost drivers [Study Phase 2]. The study objectives are as follows. 1) To undertake a cross-sectional survey of service configuration and activity by sampling 10% of the facilities being funded by PEPFAR to provide HIV care and support in Kenya and Uganda (Phase 1) in order to describe care currently provided, including pharmacy drug reviews to determine availability and supply of essential drugs in HIV management. 2) To conduct patient focus group discussions at each of these (Phase 1) to determine care received. 3) To undertake a longitudinal prospective study of 1200 patients who are newly diagnosed with HIV or patients with HIV who present with a new problem attending PEPFAR care and support services. Data collection includes self-reported quality of life, core palliative outcomes and components of care received (Phase 2). 4) To conduct qualitative interviews with staff, patients and carers in order to explore and understand service issues and care provision in more depth (Phase 2). 5) To undertake document analysis to appraise the clinical care procedures at each facility (Phase 2). 6) To determine principle cost drivers including staff, overhead and laboratory costs (Phase 2). Discussion: This novel mixed methods protocol will permit transparent presentation of subsequent dataset results publication, and offers a substantive model of protocol design to measure and integrate key activities and outcomes that underpin a public health approach to disease management in a low-income setting. © 2010 Harding et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; clinical trial; cost; cross-sectional study; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information processing; interview; Kenya; methodology; multicenter study; outcome assessment; public health; social support; Uganda; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Focus Groups; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Kenya; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Public Health; Research Design; Social Support; Uganda	None
None	None	Vouchers for scaling up insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania: Methods for monitoring and evaluation of a national health system intervention	Hanson K., Nathan R., Marchant T., Mponda H., Jones C., Bruce J., Stephen G., Mulligan J., Mshinda H., Schellenberg J.A.	2008	BMC Public Health	8	None	10.1186/1471-2458-8-205	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Hanson, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Nathan, R., Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Marchant, T., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mponda, H., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Jones, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Bruce, J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Stephen, G., Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mulligan, J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Mshinda, H., Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Schellenberg, J.A., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, PO Box 78373, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Background. The Tanzania National Voucher Scheme (TNVS) uses the public health system and the commercial sector to deliver subsidised insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to pregnant women. The system began operation in October 2004 and by May 2006 was operating in all districts in the country. Evaluating complex public health interventions which operate at national level requires a multidisciplinary approach, novel methods, and collaboration with implementers to support the timely translation of findings into programme changes. This paper describes this novel approach to delivering ITNs and the design of the monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Methods. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary M&E design was developed collaboratively between researchers and the National Malaria Control Programme. Five main domains of investigation were identified: (1) ITN coverage among target groups, (2) provision and use of reproductive and child health services, (3) "leakage" of vouchers, (4) the commercial ITN market, and (5) cost and cost-effectiveness of the scheme. Results. The evaluation plan combined quantitative (household and facility surveys, voucher tracking, retail census and cost analysis) and qualitative (focus groups and in-depth interviews) methods. This plan was defined in collaboration with implementing partners but undertaken independently. Findings were reported regularly to the national malaria control programme and partners, and used to modify the implementation strategy over time. Conclusion. The M&E of the TNVS is a potential model for generating information to guide national and international programmers about options for delivering priority interventions. It is independent, comprehensive, provides timely results, includes information on intermediate processes to allow implementation to be modified, measures leakage as well as coverage, and measures progress over time. © 2008 Hanson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	insecticide; article; bed net; child health care; cost effectiveness analysis; government; interview; malaria control; market; reproductive health; Tanzania; animal; bed; economics; female; health care quality; health center; human; interdisciplinary communication; malaria; methodology; mosquito; pregnancy; public health; social care; Tanzania; utilization review; Animals; Bedding and Linens; Female; Humans; Insecticides; Interdisciplinary Communication; Malaria; Maternal-Child Health Centers; Mosquito Control; National Health Programs; Pregnancy; Process Assessment (Health Care); Program Evaluation; Public Assistance; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951570862	Design and methods of a longitudinal study investigating the impact of antiretroviral treatment on the partnerships and sexual behaviour of HIV-infected individuals in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	McGrath N., Richter L., Newell M.-L.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-121	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	McGrath, N., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa; Richter, L., Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Background: Diagnosed HIV-infected people form an increasingly large sub-population in South Africa, one that will continue to grow with widely promoted HIV testing and greater availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). For HIV prevention and support, understanding the impact of long-term ART on family and sexual relationships is a health research priority. This includes improving the availability of longitudinal demographic and health data on HIV-infected individuals who have accessed ART services but who are not yet ART-eligible. Design and methods. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of ART on family and partner relationships, and sexual behaviour of HIV-infected individuals accessing a public HIV treatment and care programme in rural South Africa. HIV-infected men and women aged 18 years or older attending three clinics are screened. Those people initiating ART because they meet the criteria of WHO stage 4 or CD4 200 cells/L are assigned to an 'ART initiator' group. A 'Monitoring' group is composed of people whose most recent CD4 count was <500 cells/L and are therefore, not yet eligible for ART. During the four-year study, data on both groups is collected every 6 months during clinic visits, or where necessary by home visits or phone. Detailed information is collected on social, demographic and health characteristics including living arrangements, past and current partnerships, sexual behaviour, HIV testing and disclosure, stigma, self-efficacy, quality of family and partner relationships, fertility and fertility intentions, ART knowledge and attitudes, and gender norms. Recruitment for both groups started in January 2009. As of October 2010, 600 participants have been enrolled; 386 in the ART initiator group (141, 37% male) and 214 in the Monitoring group (31, 14% male). Recruitment remains open for the Monitoring group. Discussion. The data collected in this study will provide valuable information for measuring the impact of ART on sexual behaviour, and for the planning and delivery of appropriate interventions to promote family and partner support, and safe sexual behaviour for people living with HIV in this setting and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2011 McGrath et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adolescent; adult; article; drug effect; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human relation; longitudinal study; male; methodology; middle aged; questionnaire; rural population; sexual behavior; South Africa; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; Research Design; Rural Population; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939638612	Implementation of the HealthKick intervention in primary schools in low-income settings in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: A process evaluation	De Villiers A., Steyn N.P., Draper C.E., Hill J., Dalais L., Fourie J., Lombard C., Barkhuizen G., Lambert E.V.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-2157-8	Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit (NCDRU), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, SAMRC, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Western Cape Education Department (WCED), Cape Town, South Africa	De Villiers, A., Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit (NCDRU), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, South Africa; Steyn, N.P., Division of Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa; Draper, C.E., Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands, South Africa; Hill, J., Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit (NCDRU), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, South Africa; Dalais, L., Division of Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa; Fourie, J., Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit (NCDRU), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, South Africa; Lombard, C., Biostatistics Unit, SAMRC, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Barkhuizen, G., Western Cape Education Department (WCED), Cape Town, South Africa; Lambert, E.V., Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands, South Africa	Background: The HealthKick intervention, introduced at eight primary schools in low-income settings in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, aimed to promote healthy lifestyles among learners, their families and school staff. Eight schools from similar settings without any active intervention served as controls. Methods: The Action Planning Process (APP) guided school staff through a process that enabled them to assess areas for action; identify specific priorities; and set their own goals regarding nutrition and physical activity at their schools. Educators were introduced to the APP and trained to undertake this at their schools by holding workshops. Four action areas were covered, which included the school nutrition environment; physical activity and sport environment; staff health; and chronic disease and diabetes awareness. Intervention schools also received a toolkit comprising an educator's manual containing planning guides, printed resource materials and a container with physical activity equipment. To facilitate the APP, a champion was identified at each school to drive the APP and liaise with the project team. Over the three-years a record was kept of activities planned and those accomplished. At the end of the intervention, focus group discussions were held with school staff at each school to capture perceptions about the APP and intervention activities. Results: Overall uptake of events offered by the research team was 65.6 % in 2009, 75 % in 2010 and 62.5 % in 2011. Over the three-year intervention, the school food and nutrition environment action area scored the highest, with 55.5 % of planned actions being undertaken. In the chronic disease and diabetes awareness area 54.2 % actions were completed, while in the school physical activity and sport environment and staff health activity areas 25.9 and 20 % were completed respectively. According to educators, the low level of implementation of APP activities was because of a lack of parental involvement, time and available resources, poor physical environment at schools and socio-economic considerations. Conclusions: The implementation of the HealthKick intervention was not as successful as anticipated. Actions required for future interventions include increased parental involvement, greater support from the Department of Basic Education and assurance of sufficient motivation and 'buy-in' from schools. © 2015 de Villiers et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052023718	Evaluation of the impact of the voucher and accreditation approach on improving reproductive behaviors and status in Cambodia	Bellows B., Warren C., Vonthanak S., Chhorvann C., Sokhom H., Men C., Bajracharya A., Rob U., Rathavy T.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-667	Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya; National Institute of Public Health, No.2, Kim Yl Sung Blvd, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Research Unit, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Center for Advanced Studies (CAS), #160, Street 156, Sangkat Teuk Laak 2, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Population Council, Viet Nam; Population Council, Bangladesh; Ministry of Health, National MCH Center (NMCHC), National MCH Institute, #31A Street 47 (Street France), Sangkat Srah Chak, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Unit 17-04 Prime Center, 53 Quang Trung Street, Hai Ba, Trung District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; House 21, Road 118, Gulshan, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh	Bellows, B., Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya; Warren, C., Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya; Vonthanak, S., National Institute of Public Health, No.2, Kim Yl Sung Blvd, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Chhorvann, C., Research Unit, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Sokhom, H., Center for Advanced Studies (CAS), #160, Street 156, Sangkat Teuk Laak 2, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Men, C., Center for Advanced Studies (CAS), #160, Street 156, Sangkat Teuk Laak 2, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Bajracharya, A., Population Council, Viet Nam, Unit 17-04 Prime Center, 53 Quang Trung Street, Hai Ba, Trung District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Rob, U., Population Council, Bangladesh, House 21, Road 118, Gulshan, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Rathavy, T., Ministry of Health, National MCH Center (NMCHC), National MCH Institute, #31A Street 47 (Street France), Sangkat Srah Chak, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia	Background: Cost of delivering reproductive health services to low income populations will always require total or partial subsidization by government and/or development partners. Broadly termed "demand-side financing" or "output-based aid", these strategies include a range of interventions that channel government or donor subsidies to the user rather than the service provider. Initial pilot assessments of reproductive health voucher programs suggest that they can increase access, reduce inequities, and enhance program efficiency and service quality. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing how these programs function in different settings for various reproductive health services. Methods/Design. Population Council, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, intends to generate evidence around the "voucher and accreditation" approaches to improving the reproductive health of low-income women in Cambodia. The study comprises of four populations: facilities, providers, women of reproductive age using facilities, and women and men who have been pregnant and/or used family planning within the previous 12 months. The study will be carried out in a sample of 20 health facilities that are accredited to provide maternal and newborn health and family planning services to women holding vouchers from operational districts in three provinces: Kampong Thom, Kampot and Prey Veng and a matched sample of non-accredited facilities in three other provinces. Health facility assessments will be conducted at baseline and endline to track temporal changes in quality-of-care, client out-of-pocket costs, and utilization. Facility inventories, structured observations, and client exit interviews will be used to collect comparable data across facilities. Health providers will also be interviewed and observed providing care. A population survey of about 3000 respondents will also be conducted in areas where vouchers are distributed and similar non-voucher locations. Discussion. A quasi-experimental study will investigate the impact of the voucher approach on improving reproductive health behaviors, reproductive health status and reducing inequities at the population level and assess effects on access, equity and quality of care at the facility level. If the voucher scheme in Cambodia is found effective, it may help other countries adopt this approach for improving utilization and access to reproductive health and family planning services. © 2011 Bellows et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Output based approach; Vouchers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892454034	Validation of public health competencies and impact variables for low- and middle-income countries	Zwanikken P.A.C., Alexander L., Huong N.T., Qian X., Valladares L.M., Mohamed N.A., Ying X.H., Gonzalez-Robledo M.C., Linh L.C., Wadidi M.S.E.A., Tahir H., Neupane S., Scherpbier A.	2014	BMC Public Health	14	1	10.1186/1471-2458-14-55	Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Capetown, South Africa; Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Demography, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Human Resource Development, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands	Zwanikken, P.A.C., Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Alexander, L., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Capetown, South Africa; Huong, N.T., Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Qian, X., School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Valladares, L.M., National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Mohamed, N.A., Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; Ying, X.H., School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Gonzalez-Robledo, M.C., National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Linh, L.C., Department of Demography, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Wadidi, M.S.E.A., Human Resource Development, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; Tahir, H., University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan; Neupane, S., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Capetown, South Africa; Scherpbier, A., Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands	Background: The number of Master of Public Health (MPH) programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing, but questions have been raised regarding the relevance of their outcomes and impacts on context. Although processes for validating public health competencies have taken place in recent years in many high-income countries, validation in LMICs is needed. Furthermore, impact variables of MPH programmes in the workplace and in society have not been developed. Method. A set of public health competencies and impact variables in the workplace and in society was designed using the competencies and learning objectives of six participating institutions offering MPH programmes in or for LMICs, and the set of competencies of the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice as a reference. The resulting competencies and impact variables differ from those of the Council on Linkages in scope and emphasis on social determinants of health, context specificity and intersectoral competencies. A modified Delphi method was used in this study to validate the public health competencies and impact variables; experts and MPH alumni from China, Vietnam, South Africa, Sudan, Mexico and the Netherlands reviewed them and made recommendations. Results: The competencies and variables were validated across two Delphi rounds, first with public health experts (N = 31) from the six countries, then with MPH alumni (N = 30). After the first expert round, competencies and impact variables were refined based on the quantitative results and qualitative comments. Both rounds showed high consensus, more so for the competencies than the impact variables. The response rate was 100%. Conclusion: This is the first time that public health competencies have been validated in LMICs across continents. It is also the first time that impact variables of MPH programmes have been proposed and validated in LMICs across continents. The high degree of consensus between experts and alumni suggests that these public health competencies and impact variables can be used to design and evaluate MPH programmes, as well as for individual and team assessment and continuous professional development in LMICs. © 2014 Zwanikken et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Impact; Low- and middle-income countries; Master of Public Health; Public health competencies	article; China; Delphi study; developing country; education; human; Mexico; professional competence; program evaluation; public health; public health service; South Africa; standard; Sudan; validation study; Viet Nam; China; Delphi Technique; Developing Countries; Humans; Mexico; Professional Competence; Program Evaluation; Public Health; Public Health Administration; South Africa; Sudan; Vietnam	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927521520	Impact of socioeconomic status and medical conditions on health and healthcare utilization among aging Ghanaians	Saeed B.I., Xicang Z., Yawson A.E., Nguah S.B., Nsowah-Nuamah N.N.N.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1603-y	School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Mathematics and Statistics Department, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Accra, Ghana; Paediatric Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	Saeed, B.I., School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Mathematics and Statistics Department, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Xicang, Z., School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Yawson, A.E., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Accra, Ghana; Nguah, S.B., Paediatric Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Nsowah-Nuamah, N.N.N., Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	Background: This study attempts to examine the impact of socioeconomic and medical conditions in health and healthcare utilization among older adults in Ghana. Five separate models with varying input variables were estimated for each response variable. Methods: Data (Wave 1 data) were drawn from the World Health Organization Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted during 2007-2008 and included a total of 4770 respondents aged 50+ and 803 aged 18-49 in Ghana. Ordered logits was estimated for self-rated health, and binary logits for functional limitation and healthcare utilization. Results: Our results show that the study provides enough grounds for further research on the interplay between socioeconomic and medical conditions on one hand and the health of the aged on the other. Controlling for socioeconomic status substantially contributes significantly to utilization. Also, aged women experience worse health than men, as shown by functioning assessment, self-rated health, chronic conditions and functional limitations. Women have higher rates of healthcare utilization, as shown by significantly higher rates of hospitalization and outpatient encounters. Conclusion: Expansion of the national health insurance scheme to cover the entire older population- for those in both formal and informal employments- is likely to garner increased access and improved health states for the older population. © 2015 Saeed et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Aged Ghanaians; Functioning assessment; Healthcare utilization; Socioeconomic status; Subjective health	adolescent; adult; age; aged; chronic disease; female; geriatric assessment; Ghana; health care delivery; health disparity; health status; health survey; hospitalization; human; male; middle aged; patient attitude; social class; socioeconomics; statistics and numerical data; utilization; world health organization; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chronic Disease; Delivery of Health Care; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Ghana; Health Status; Health Status Disparities; Health Surveys; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; World Health Organization; Young Adult	None
None	None	Tanzania national survey on iodine deficiency: Impact after twelve years of salt iodation	Assey V.D., Peterson S., Kimboka S., Ngemera D., Mgoba C., Ruhiye D.M., Ndossi G.D., Greiner T., Tylleskär T.	2009	BMC Public Health	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-319	Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; National Council for Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders(NCCIDD), P.O. Box 977, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, rstadveien 21, N-5009 Bergen, Norway; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, SE -75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of International Health (IHCAR), Nobel v 9. Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; UNICEF Kitgum Zonal Office, C/o UNICEF Kampala, George Street, Kampala, Uganda; Food and Nutrition Department, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-790, South Korea	Assey, V.D., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, National Council for Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders(NCCIDD), P.O. Box 977, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, rstadveien 21, N-5009 Bergen, Norway, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, SE -75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Peterson, S., Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, SE -75185 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of International Health (IHCAR), Nobel v 9. Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Kimboka, S., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, National Council for Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders(NCCIDD), P.O. Box 977, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Ngemera, D., UNICEF Kitgum Zonal Office, C/o UNICEF Kampala, George Street, Kampala, Uganda; Mgoba, C., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ruhiye, D.M., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ndossi, G.D., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Greiner, T., Food and Nutrition Department, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-790, South Korea; Tylleskär, T., Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, rstadveien 21, N-5009 Bergen, Norway	Background. In many low-income countries, children are at high risk of iodine deficiency disorders, including brain damage. In the early 1990s, Tanzania, a country that previously suffered from moderate to severe iodine deficiency, adopted universal salt iodation (USI) as an intervention strategy, but its impact remained unknown. Methods. We report on the first national survey in mainland Tanzania, conducted in 2004 to assess the extent to which iodated salt was used and its apparent impact on the total goitre prevalence (TGP) and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) among the schoolchildren after USI was initiated. In 2004, a cross-sectional goitre survey was conducted; covering 140,758 schoolchildren aged 6 - 18 years were graded for goitre according to new WHO goitre classification system. Comparisons were made with district surveys conducted throughout most of the country during the 1980s and 90s. 131,941 salt samples from households were tested for iodine using rapid field test kits. UIC was determined spectrophotometrically using the ammonium persulfate digestion method in 4523 sub-sampled children. Results. 83.6% (95% CI: 83.4 - 83.8) of salt samples tested positive for iodine. Whereas the TGP was about 25% on average in the earlier surveys, it was 6.9% (95%CI: 6.8-7.0) in 2004. The TGP for the younger children, 6-9 years old, was 4.2% (95%CI: 4.0-4.4), n = 41,965. In the 27 goitre-endemic districts, TGP decreased from 61% (1980s) to 12.3% (2004). The median UIC was 204 (95% CF: 192-215) g/L. Only 25% of children had UIC <100 g/L and 35% were 300 g/L, indicating low and excess iodine intake, respectively. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates a marked improvement in iodine nutrition in Tanzania, twelve years after the initiation of salt iodation programme. The challenge in sustaining IDD elimination in Tanzania is now two-fold: to better reach the areas with low coverage of iodated salt, and to reduce iodine intake in areas where it is excessive. Particular attention is needed in improving quality control at production level and perhaps the national salt iodation regulations may need to be reviewed. © 2009 Assey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	ammonium derivative; persulfate ammonium; sodium chloride; unclassified drug; iodine; iodized salt; adolescent; adult; article; child; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; disease classification; female; goiter; health survey; human; iodination; iodine deficiency; major clinical study; male; preschool child; school child; spectrophotometry; Tanzania; world health organization; cross-sectional study; goiter; prevalence; salt intake; Tanzania; urine; Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Goiter; Health Surveys; Humans; Iodine; Prevalence; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Tanzania	None
WoS	WOS:000287817800001	Parental control and monitoring of young people's sexual behaviour in rural North-Western Tanzania: Implications for sexual and reproductive health interventions	Fenwick, Angela,Stones, William,Urassa, Mark,Wamoyi, Joyce,Zaba, Basia	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-106	Aga Khan University, University of London, University of Southampton, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Fenwick, Angela: University of Southampton",	Background: Parenting through control and monitoring has been found to have an effect on young people's sexual behaviour. There is a dearth of literature from sub-Saharan Africa on this subject. This paper examines parental control and monitoring and the implications of this on young people's sexual decision making in a rural setting in North-Western Tanzania. Methods: This study employed an ethnographic research design. Data collection involved 17 focus group discussions and 46 in-depth interviews conducted with young people aged 14-24 years and parents/carers of young people within this age-group. Thematic analysis was conducted with the aid of NVIVO 7 software. Results: Parents were motivated to control and monitor their children's behaviour for reasons such as social respectability and protecting them from undesirable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. Parental control and monitoring varied by family structure, gender, schooling status, a young person's contribution to the economic running of the family and previous experience of a SRH outcome such as unplanned pregnancy. Children from single parent families reported that they received less control compared to those from both parent families. While a father's presence in the family seemed important in controlling the activities of young people, a mother's did not have a similar effect. Girls especially those still schooling received more supervision compared to boys. Young women who had already had unplanned pregnancy were not supervised as closely as those who hadn't. Parents employed various techniques to control and monitor their children's sexual activities. Conclusions: Despite parents making efforts to control and monitor their young people's sexual behaviour, they are faced with several challenges (e. g. little time spent with their children) which make it difficult for them to effectively monitor them. There is a need for interventions such as parenting skills building that might enable parents to improve their relationships with children. This would equip parents with the appropriate skills for positive guidance and monitoring of their children and avoid inappropriate parenting behaviour. As much as parents focus their attention on their school going daughters, there is a need to also remember the out-of-school young people as they are also vulnerable to adverse SRH outcomes.	,ADOLESCENCE,AFRICAN-AMERICAN,DESIGN,FAMILY,HIV,MOTHERS,"RISK BEHAVIORS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000268766900003	Do the socioeconomic impacts of antiretroviral therapy vary by gender? A longitudinal study of Kenyan agricultural worker employment outcomes	Bii, Margret,Fox, Mathew P.,Larson, Bruce A.,McCoy, Kelly,Rosen, Sydney,Sawe, Fredrick,Shaffer, Douglas,Sigei, Carolyne,Simon, Jonathan L.,Wasunna, Monique	2009	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-240	Boston University, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Project	None	Background: As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has grown in Africa, attention has turned to evaluating the socio-economic impacts of ART. One key issue is the extent to which improvements in health resulting from ART allows individuals to return to work and earn income. Improvements in health from ART may also be associated with reduced impaired presenteeism, which is the loss of productivity when an ill or disabled individual attends work but accomplishes less at his or her usual tasks or shifts to other, possibly less valuable, tasks. Methods: Longitudinal data for this analysis come from company payroll records for 97 HIV-infected tea estate workers (the index group, 56 women, 41 men) and a comparison group of all workers assigned to the same work teams (n = 2485, 1691 men, 794 women) for a 37-month period covering two years before and one year after initiating ART. We used nearest neighbour matching methods to estimate the impacts of HIV/AIDS and ART on three monthly employment outcomes for tea estate workers in Kenya - days plucking tea, days assigned to non-plucking assignments, and kilograms harvested when plucking. Results: The female index group worked 30% fewer days plucking tea monthly than the matched female comparison group during the final 9 months pre-ART. They also worked 87% more days on non-plucking assignments. While the monthly gap between the two groups narrowed after beginning ART, the female index group worked 30% fewer days plucking tea and about 100% more days on non-plucking tasks than the comparison group after one year on ART. The male index group was able to maintain a similar pattern of work as their comparison group except during the initial five months on therapy. Conclusion: Significant impaired presenteeism continued to exist among the female index group after one year on ART. Future research needs to explore further the socio-economic implications of HIV-infected female workers on ART being less productive than the general female workforce over sustained periods of time.	,ADULTS,HIV/AIDS,HIV-INFECTION,ILLNESS,PERFORMANCE,PRESENTEEISM,PREVALENCE,SECTOR,SICK,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000340956400001	Impact of health education intervention on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and cervical screening uptake among adult women in rural communities in Nigeria	Abiodun, Olumide A.,Olu-Abiodun, Oluwatosin O.,Oluwole, Francis A.,Sotunsa, John O.	2014	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2458-14-814	Babcock Univ, Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Sch Nursing	None	Background: Cervical cancer is a disease of public health importance affecting many women and contributing to avoidably high levels of cancer deaths in Nigeria. In spite of the relative ease of prevention, the incidence is on the increase. This study aimed to determine the effect of health education on the awareness, knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and screening among women in rural Nigerian communities. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental. The study was carried out among adult women in Odogbolu (intervention) and Ikenne (control) local government areas (LGA) of Ogun state. Three hundred and fifty (350) women were selected per group by multistage random sampling technique. Data was collected by semi structured interviews with the aid of questionnaire. The intervention consisted of structured health education based on a movie. Result: The intervention raised the level of awareness of cervical cancer and screening to 100% (p &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of women with very good knowledge of cervical cancer and screening rose from 2% to 70.5% (X-2 = 503.7, p &lt; 0.0001) while the proportion of those with good perception rose from 5.1% to 95.1% (p &lt; 0.0001). The mean knowledge and mean perception scores were also increased (p &lt; 0.0001). There was increase in the proportion of women who had undertaken cervical screening from 4.3% to 8.3% (p = 0.038). The major reason stated by the women for not having had cervical screening done was lack of awareness about cervical cancer and screening. There was statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups concerning their knowledge attitude and practice towards cervical and screening (p &lt; 0.05) after the intervention. Conclusion: Multiple media health education based on a movie is effective in creating awareness for and improving the knowledge and perception of adult women about cervical cancer and screening. It also improves the uptake of cervical cancer screening. The creation of awareness is very crucial to the success of a cervical cancer prevention programme.	AWARENESS,"CERVICAL CANCER","CERVICAL SCREENING",KNOWLEDGE,movie,"Participatory health education",PERCEPTION,BREAST	None	None
WoS	WOS:000281862300002	The correlates of HIV testing and impacts on sexual behavior: evidence from a life history study of young people in Kisumu, Kenya	Izugbara, Chimaraoke O.,Kabiru, Caroline W.,Luke, Nancy,Zulu, Eliya M.	2010	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-412	Brown University, African Inst Dev Policy AFIDEP, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	"Luke, Nancy: Brown University",	Background: HIV counseling and testing is considered an important component of HIV prevention and treatment. This paper examines the characteristics of young males and females at the time of first reported HIV test, including the influence of recent sexual partnerships, and investigates how HIV testing and the cumulative number of tests are associated with sexual behaviors within six months of testing. Methods: The study uses data from a random sample of youth aged 18-24 years living in Kisumu, Kenya, who were interviewed using a 10-year retrospective life history calendar. Cox regression models were used to examine the correlates of the timing of first HIV test. Variance-correction models for unordered repeated events were employed to examine whether having an HIV test in the previous six months and the cumulative number of tests predict unsafe sexual practices in a given month. Results: Sixty-four percent of females and 55% of males reported at least one HIV test in the last 10 years and 40% of females were pregnant the month of first test. Significant correlates of first HIV test included marital aspirations among non-pregnant females, unprotected sex in the previous six months among pregnant females, and concurrency in the previous six months among males. Having a recent HIV test was associated with a decreased likelihood of unprotected sex among ever-pregnant females, an increased likelihood of unprotected sex and "risky" sexual partnerships among never-pregnant females, and an increased likelihood of concurrency among males. Repeated HIV testing was associated with a lower likelihood of concurrency among males and involvement in "risky" sexual partnerships among males and never-pregnant females. Conclusions: The high rate of pregnancy at first test suggests that promotion of HIV testing as part of prevention of mother-to-child transmission is gaining success. Further research is warranted to examine how and why behavior change is influenced by client-versus provider-initiated testing. The influence of different sexual partnership variables for males and females suggests that interventions to assess risk and promote testing should be gender-and relationship-specific. The findings also suggest that encouraging repeat or routine testing could potentially increase the uptake of safer sexual behaviors.	,ADOLESCENTS,BOTSWANA,CALENDAR,CLIENTS,"CONDOM USE",FERTILITY,HIGH-RISK,POPULATION,PREVALENCE,SERVICES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345143900001	Impact of implementing performance-based financing on childhood malnutrition in Rwanda	Binagwaho, Agnes,Bizimana, Jean de Dieu,Condo, Jeanine,Forrest, Jamie I.,Kanters, Steve,Karema, Corine,Ngabo, Fidele,Wagner, Claire	2014	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2458-14-1132	Dartmouth College, Harvard University, The World Bank, University of British Columbia, University of Rwanda, Global Hlth Delivery Partnership, Govt Rwanda, RBC	"Bizimana, Jean de Dieu: The World Bank","Condo, Jeanine: University of Rwanda","Forrest, Jamie I.: University of British Columbia","Kanters, Steve: University of British Columbia",	Background: Malnutrition remains a serious concern in Rwanda, particularly among children under-5 years. Performance-based financing (PBF), an innovative health systems financing strategy, has been implemented at the national level since 2008. This study aimed to assess the impact of PBF and other factors associated with the prevalence of three classifications of malnutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) in children under-5 years in Rwanda. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study comprising of 713 children under five years old from 557 households, whose anthropometric measurements (height, weight and age) had been obtained as part of the 2008 Rwanda General Health and HIV household survey. Z-scores for height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age were analyzed according to the World Health Organization 2006 Child Growth Standards. Random intercept logistic regression models were used to regress each anthropometric measure (WAZ, HAZ and WHZ) against child, maternal and household characteristics. Results: Child participants ranged in age from 0 to 60 months, 20.2% of children were under 12 months and 5.1% were HIV positive. The prevalence of wasting was 8.8%; of stunting was 58.4%; and of underweight status was 20.7%. Maternal emotional and social wellbeing was protective of wasting in children under-5 years of age. Living in districts implementing PBF was protective of wasting (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.97). Living in a district with PBF was not found to be associated with either stunting or underweight status among children under-5. Conclusions: PBF may have a protective association with particular forms of malnutrition among children under-5 years in Rwanda. These findings warrant further investigation in relation to the impact of implementing innovative financing schemes on health outcomes.	"CHILD HEALTH",HIV/AIDS,MALNUTRITION,"MATERNAL HEALTH","Performance-based financing",COUNTRIES,GROWTH,HEALTH,"HIGH HIV PREVALENCE",INFANTS,MORTALITY,RISK-FACTORS,UGANDA,UNDERNUTRITION,YOUNG-CHILDREN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000256216700001	Impact of five years of peer-mediated interventions on sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya	Barasa, Mary-Stella,Bosire, Wilkister,Chersich, Matthew F.,King'ola, Nzioki,Luchters, Stanley,Mandaliya, Kishorchandra,Mwarogo, Peter,Rinyiru, Agnes,Temmerman, Marleen,Wambugu, Sam	2008	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	8	None	10.1186/1471-2458-8-143	Ghent University, Coast Prov Gen Hosp, Family Hlth Int, Int Ctr Reprod Hlth	"Temmerman, Marleen: Ghent University",	Background: Since 2000, peer-mediated interventions among female sex workers (FSW) in Mombasa Kenya have promoted behavioural change through improving knowledge, attitudes and awareness of HIV serostatus, and aimed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) by facilitating early STI treatment. Impact of these interventions was evaluated among those who attended peer education and at the FSW population level. Methods: A pre-intervention survey in 2000, recruited 503 FSW using snowball sampling. Thereafter, peer educators provided STI/HIV education, condoms, and facilitated HIV testing, treatment and care services. In 2005, data were collected using identical survey methods, allowing comparison with historical controls, and between FSW who had or had not received peer interventions. Results: Over five years, sex work became predominately a full-time activity, with increased mean sexual partners (2.8 versus 4.9/week; P &lt; 0.001). Consistent condom use with clients increased from 28.8% (145/503) to 70.4% (356/506; P &lt; 0.001) as well as the likelihood of refusing clients who were unwilling to use condoms (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 3.7-6.6). In 2005, FSW who received peer interventions (28.7%, 145/506), had more consistent condom use with clients compared with unexposed FSW (86.2% versus 64.0%; AOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.1-6.1). These differences were larger among FSW with greater peer-intervention exposure. HIV prevalence was 25% (17/69) in FSW attending = 4 peer-education sessions, compared with 34% (25/73) in those attending 1-3 sessions (P = 0.21). Overall HIV prevalence was 30.6 (151/493) in 2000 and 33.3% (166/498) in 2005 (P = 0.36). Conclusion: Peer-mediated interventions were associated with an increase in protected sex. Though peer-mediated interventions remain important, higher coverage is needed and more efficacious interventions to reduce overall vulnerability and risk.	,"CONDOM PROMOTION",DISEASE,ENROLLMENT,"HIV PREVENTION",POPULATION,"PRESUMPTIVE TREATMENT","PREVENTION TRIAL",RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,RISK-REDUCTION,TRANSMISSION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000286143100001	Turning around an ailing district hospital: a realist evaluation of strategic changes at Ho Municipal Hospital (Ghana)	Dedzo, McDamien,Kegels, Guy,Marchal, Bruno	2010	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-787	Ghana Health Service, Inst Trop Med	"Dedzo, McDamien: Ghana Health Service",	Background: There is a growing consensus that linear approaches to improving the performance of health workers and health care organisations may only obtain short-term results. An alternative approach premised on the principle of human resource management described as a form of 'High commitment management', builds upon a bundles of balanced practices. This has been shown to contribute to better organisational performance. This paper illustrates an intervention and outcome of high commitment management (HiCom) at an urban hospital in Ghana. Few studies have shown how HiCom management might contribute to better performance of health services and in particular of hospitals in low and middle-income settings. Methods: A realist case study design was used to analyse how specific management practices might contribute to improving the performance of an urban district hospital in Ho, Volta Region, in Ghana. Mixed methods were used to collect data, including document review, in-depth interviews, group discussions, observations and a review of routine health information. Results: At Ho Municipal Hospital, the management team dealt with the crisis engulfing the ailing urban district hospital by building an alliance between hospital staff to generate a sense of ownership with a focus around participative problem analysis. The creation of an alliance led to improving staff morale and attitude, and contributed also to improvements in the infrastructure and equipment. This in turn had a positive impact on the revenue generating capacity of the hospital. The quick turn around in the state of this hospital showed that change was indeed possible, a factor that greatly motivated the staff. In a second step, the management team initiated the development of a strategic plan for the hospital to maintain the dynamics of change. This was undertaken through participative methods and sustained earlier staff involvement, empowerment and feelings of reciprocity. We found that these factors acted as the core mechanisms underlying the changes taking place at Ho Municipal Hospital. Conclusions: This study shows how a hospital management team in Ghana succeeded in resuscitating an ailing hospital. Their high commitment management approach led to the active involvement and empowerment of staff. It also showed how a realist evaluation approach such as this, could be used in the research of the management of health care organisations to explain how management interventions may or may not work.	,AFRICA,CARE,CLIMATE,COMMITMENT,CULTURE,HEALTH,"HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT","PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT",PERFORMANCE,POLICY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000293025900002	12-month mortality and loss-to-program in antiretroviral-treated children: The IeDEA pediatric West African Database to evaluate AIDS (pWADA), 2000-2008	Azondekon, Alain,Dabis, Francois,Dicko, Fatoumata,Eboua, Francois T.,Ekouevi, Didier K.,IeDEA Pediat W Africa Working Grp,Kouadio, Kouakou,Leroy, Valeriane,Malateste, Karen,Peterson, Kevin,Renner, Lorna,Sy, Haby Signate,Toure, Pety	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-519	Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Universite de Bordeaux, ACONDA, CHU Treichville, CHU Yopougon, CIRBA, Hop Enfants Albert Royer, Hop Instruct Armees St Anne, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Korlebu Hosp, MRC	None	Background: The IeDEA West Africa Pediatric Working Group (pWADA) was established in January 2007 to study the care and treatment of HIV-infected children in this region. We describe here the characteristics at antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation and study the 12-month mortality and loss-to-program of HIV-infected children followed in ART programs in West Africa. Methods: Standardized data from HIV-infected children followed-up in ART programs were included. Nine clinical centers from six countries contributed to the dataset (Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali and Senegal). Inclusion criteria were the followings: age 0-15 years and initiated triple antiretroviral drug regimens. Baseline time was the date of ART initiation. WHO criteria was used to define severe immunosuppression based on CD4 count by age or CD4 percent &lt; 15%. We estimated the 12-month Kaplan-Meier probabilities of mortality and loss-to-program (death or loss to follow-up &gt; 6 months) after ART initiation and factors associated with these two outcomes. Results: Between June 2000 and December 2007, 2170 children were included. Characteristics at ART initiation were the following: median age of 5 years (Interquartile range (IQR: 2-9) and median CD4 percentage of 13% (IQR: 7-19). The most frequent drug regimen consisted of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (62%). During the first 12 months, 169 (7.8%) children died and 461 (21.2%) were lost-to-program. Overall, in HIV-infected children on ART, the 12-month probability of death was 8.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 7.2-9.6%), and of loss-to-program was 23.1% (95% CI: 21.3-25.0%). Both mortality and loss-to program were associated with advanced clinical stage, CD4 percentage &lt; 15% at ART initiation and year (&gt; 2005) of ART initiation. Conclusion: Innovative and sustainable approaches are needed to better document causes of death and increase retention in HIV pediatric clinics in West Africa.	,COTE-DIVOIRE,DIAGNOSIS,FOLLOW-UP,"HEALTH-CARE FACILITIES","HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN",INFANTS,OUTCOMES,SURVIVAL,THERAPY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000329277700001	The impact of Fogarty International Center research training programs on public health policy and program development in Kenya and Uganda	Bennett, Sara,M'Imunya, James M.,Paina, Ligia,Ssengooba, Freddie,Waswa, Douglas	2013	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	13	None	10.1186/1471-2458-13-770	Johns Hopkins University, Makerere University, University of Nairobi	"Bennett, Sara: Johns Hopkins University","M'Imunya, James M.: University of Nairobi","Paina, Ligia: Johns Hopkins University","Ssengooba, Freddie: Makerere University"	Background: The Fogarty International Center (FIC) has supported research capacity development for over twenty years. While the mission of FIC is supporting and facilitating global health research conducted by U.S. and international investigators, building partnerships between health research institutions in the U.S. and abroad, and training the next generation of scientists to address global health needs, research capacity may impact health policies and programs and therefore have positive impacts on public health. We conducted an exploratory analysis of how FIC research training investments affected public health policy and program development in Kenya and Uganda. Methods: We explored the long term impacts of all FIC supported research training programs using case studies, in Kenya and Uganda. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 53 respondents and 29 focus group discussion participants across the two countries. Qualitative methods were supplemented by structured surveys of trainees and document review, including a review of evidence cited in policy documents. Results: In the primary focal areas of FIC grants, notably HIV/AIDS, there were numerous examples of work conducted by former FIC trainees that influenced national and global policies. Facilitators for this influence included the strong technical skills and scientific reputations of the trainees, and professional networks spanning research and policy communities. Barriers included the fact that trainees typically had not received training in research communication, relatively few policy makers had received scientific training, and institutional constraints that undermined alignment of research with policy needs. Conclusions: While FIC has not focused its programs on the goal of policy and program influence, its investments have affected global and national public health policies and practice. These influences have occurred primarily through strengthening research skills of scientists and developing strong in-country networks. Further success of FIC and similar initiatives could be stimulated by investing more in the training of policy-makers, seeking to better align research with policy needs through more grants that are awarded directly to developing country institutions, and grants that better incorporate policy maker perspectives in their design and governance. Addressing structural constraints, for example supporting the development of national research agendas that inform university research, would further support such efforts.	HIV/AIDS,"policy influence","research capacity",CAPACITY,DIAGNOSIS,"HIV-1 DISCORDANT COUPLES","HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN",MORTALITY,NEVIRAPINE,PREVENTION,"RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL","SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS","TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000342599000001	Strengthening monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and building sustainable health information systems in resource limited countries: lessons learned from an M&E task-shifting initiative in Botswana	Grignon, Jessica,Lebelonyane, Refeletswe,Ledikwe, Jenny H.,Ludick, Steven,Matshediso, Ellah,Mpofu, Mulamuli,Semo, Bazghina-werq,Sento, Baraedi	2014	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2458-14-1032	University of Botswana, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, Botswana Minist Hlth, Botswana Minist Local Govt, Int Training & Educ Ctr Hlth I TECH	None	Background: The demand for quality data and the interest in health information systems has increased due to the need for country-level progress reporting towards attainment of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and global health initiatives. To improve monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) of health programs in Botswana, 51 recent university graduates with no experience in M&amp;E were recruited and provided with on-the-job training and mentoring to develop a new cadre of health worker: the district M&amp;E officer. Three years after establishment of the cadre, an assessment was conducted to document achievements and lessons learnt. Methods: This qualitative assessment included in-depth interviews at the national level (n = 12) with officers from government institutions, donor agencies, and technical organizations; and six focus group discussions separately with district M&amp;E officers, district managers, and program officers coordinating different district health programs. Results: Reported achievements of the cadre included improved health worker capacity to monitor and evaluate programs within the districts; improved data quality, management, and reporting; increased use of health data for disease surveillance, operational research, and planning purposes; and increased availability of time for nurses and other health workers to concentrate on core clinical duties. Lessons learnt from the assessment included: the importance of clarifying roles for newly established cadres, aligning resources and equipment to expectations, importance of stakeholder collaboration in implementation of sustainable programs, and ensuring retention of new cadres. Conclusion: The development of a dedicated M&amp;E cadre at the district level contributed positively to health information systems in Botswana by helping build M&amp;E capacity and improving data quality, management, and data use. This assessment has shown that such cadres can be developed sustainably if the initiative is country-led, focusing on recruitment and capacity-development of local counterparts, with a clear government retention plan.	"DATA QUALITY","HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS","monitoring and evaluation",task-shifting,CHALLENGES,"DATA QUALITY",HIV,INTERVENTIONS,MALAWI,MANAGEMENT,"MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES",SETTINGS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000307245700001	Exploring the effectiveness of the output-based aid voucher program to increase uptake of gender-based violence recovery services in Kenya: A qualitative evaluation	Abuya, Timothy,Askew, Ian,Bellows, Ben,Kanya, Lucy,Njuki, Rebecca,Obare, Francis,Okal, Jerry,Undie, Chi-Chi,Warren, Charlotte E.	2012	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	12	None	10.1186/1471-2458-12-426	None	None	Background: Few studies in Africa have explored in detail the ability of output-based aid (OBA) voucher programs to increase access to gender-based violence recovery (GBVR) services. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2010 and involved: (i) in-depth interviews (IDIs) with health managers, service providers, voucher management agency (VMA) managers and (ii) focus group discussions (FGDs) with voucher users, voucher non-users, voucher distributors and opinion leaders drawn from five program sites in Kenya. Results: The findings showed promising prospects for the uptake of OBA GBVR services among target population. However, a number of factors affect the uptake of the services. These include lack of general awareness of the GBVR services vouchers, lack of understanding of the benefit package, immediate financial needs of survivors, as well as stigma and cultural beliefs that undermine reporting of cases or seeking essential medical services. Moreover, accreditation of only hospitals to offer GBVR services undermines access to the services in rural areas. Poor responsiveness from law enforcement agencies and fear of reprisal from perpetrators also undermine treatment options and access to medical services. Low provider knowledge on GBVR services and lack of supplies also affect effective provision and management of GBVR services. Conclusions: The above findings suggest that there is a need to build the capacity of health care providers and police officers, strengthen the community strategy component of the OBA program to promote the GBVR services voucher, and conduct widespread community education programs aimed at prevention, ensuring survivors know how and where to access services and addressing stigma and cultural barriers.	"Gender-based violence recovery services","health service utilization",KENYA,"Voucher program",CARE,COMMUNITY,COUNTRIES,"DOMESTIC VIOLENCE",INTERVENTIONS,"INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE",PREVALENCE,"REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH-SERVICES",RISK-FACTORS,WOMEN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000290279700005	The impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of human influenza	Bauch, Chris T.,Bhunu, Claver P.,Dube, Nothabo,Smith, Robert J.,Tchuenche, Jean M.	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-S1-S5	University of Guelph, University of Ottawa, National University of Science & Technology - Zimbabwe, Natl Univ Sci & Technol	"Bauch, Chris T.: University of Guelph","Tchuenche, Jean M.: University of Guelph",	Background: There is an urgent need to understand how the provision of information influences individual risk perception and how this in turn shapes the evolution of epidemics. Individuals are influenced by information in complex and unpredictable ways. Emerging infectious diseases, such as the recent swine flu epidemic, may be particular hotspots for a media-fueled rush to vaccination; conversely, seasonal diseases may receive little media attention, despite their high mortality rate, due to their perceived lack of newness. Methods: We formulate a deterministic transmission and vaccination model to investigate the effects of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of influenza. The population is subdivided into different classes according to their disease status. The compartmental model includes the effect of media coverage on reporting the number of infections as well as the number of individuals successfully vaccinated. Results: A threshold parameter (the basic reproductive ratio) is analytically derived and used to discuss the local stability of the disease-free steady state. The impact of costs that can be incurred, which include vaccination, education, implementation and campaigns on media coverage, are also investigated using optimal control theory. A simplified version of the model with pulse vaccination shows that the media can trigger a vaccinating panic if the vaccine is imperfect and simplified messages result in the vaccinated mixing with the infectives without regard to disease risk. Conclusions: The effects of media on an outbreak are complex. Simplified understandings of disease epidemiology, propogated through media soundbites, may make the disease significantly worse.	,DISEASE,ERADICATION,MODELS,RATIO,VACCINE	None	None
WoS	WOS:000313110000001	A call for parental monitoring to improve condom use among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Jimba, Masamine,Mbwambo, Jessie K. K.,Mlunde, Linda B.,Otsuka, Keiko,Poudel, Krishna C.,Sunguya, Bruno F.,Ubuguyu, Omary,Yasuoka, Junko	2012	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	12	1	10.1186/1471-2458-12-1061	University of Massachusetts Amherst, University of Massachusetts System, University of Tokyo, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci	"Jimba, Masamine: University of Tokyo","Mlunde, Linda B.: University of Tokyo","Otsuka, Keiko: University of Tokyo","Poudel, Krishna C.: University of Massachusetts Amherst","Poudel, Krishna C.: University of Massachusetts System","Sunguya, Bruno F.: University of Tokyo","Yasuoka, Junko: University of Tokyo",	Background: The number of people newly infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been decreasing in sub-Saharan Africa, but prevalence of the infection remains unacceptably high among young people. Despite the alarming pervasiveness of the virus, young people in this region continue to engage in risky sexual behaviors including unprotected sexual intercourse. In developed countries, parents can play important roles in protecting young people from such behaviors, but evidence regarding the impact of parental involvement is still limited in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors and the association of parental monitoring and parental communication with condom use at last sexual intercourse among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study among 2,217 male and female students aged 15 to 24 years from 12 secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. From October to November 2011, we collected data using a self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of parental monitoring and parental communication with condom use at last sexual intercourse, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 665 (30.3%) secondary school students reported being sexually active within the year prior to data collection. Among them, 41.7% had multiple sexual partners, 10.5% had concurrent sexual partners, and 41.1% did not use a condom at last sexual intercourse. A higher level of parental monitoring was associated with increased likelihood of condom use at last sexual intercourse among male students (AOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05-2.32; p = 0.03) but not among female students (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.71-3.37; p = 0.28). The association between parental communication and condom use at last sexual intercourse among both male and female students was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A high level of parental monitoring is associated with more consistent condom use among male students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania -many of whom have engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partnerships, concurrent sexual partnerships, and unprotected sexual intercourse in the past one year. Interventions should thus be strengthened to reduce multiple sexual partnerships, concurrent sexual partnerships, and to improve parental monitoring among such students toward increasing condom use.	"CONDOM USE","parental monitoring","SEXUAL BEHAVIORS",Tanzania,"YOUNG PEOPLE","ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH",AFRICA,COMMUNICATION,HIV,INTERVENTIONS,PREVALENCE,PREVENTION,"PROTECTIVE FACTORS","RISKY SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR","TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000266934700001	Evaluation of uptake and attitude to voluntary counseling and testing among health care professional students in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania	Barongo, Longin R.,Charles, Mgosha P.,Kweka, Eliningaya J.,Lowassa, Asanterabi,Mahande, Aneth M.,Mahande, Michael J.,Nkya, Hassan M.,Shekalaghe, Seif	2009	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-128	University of Rwanda, Natl AIDS Control Programme Div, Tanzania Wildlife Res Inst, Trop Pesticides Res Inst, Tumaini Univ	"Barongo, Longin R.: University of Rwanda",	Background: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is a corner stone for successful implementation of prevention, care and support services among HIV negative and positive individuals. VCT is also perceived to be an effective strategy in risk reduction among sexually active young people.. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of VCT and its actual uptake among young health care professional students at KCM College of Tumaini University and Allied health schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used among health care professional students aged 18-25 years who were enrolled in degrees, diplomas and certificates courses at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College and all other Allied health schools Results: A total of 309 students were recruited, among these 197 (63.8%) were females. All respondents were aware of the benefits of VCT. Only 107 (34.6%) of students have had VCT done previously. About 59 (19.1%) of the students had negative for health care professional to attend VCT. Risk perception among the students was low (37.2%) even though they were found to have higher risk behaviors that predispose them to get HIV infection. Conclusion: Awareness of VCT services and willingness to test is high among students; however its uptake is low. In order to promote these services, a comprehensive training module on VCT needs to be included in their training curricula. In particular, more emphasis should focus on the benefits of VCT and to help the students to internalize the risk of HIV so that they can take preventive measures.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000289424600001	Evaluation of the impact of the voucher and accreditation approach on improving reproductive health behaviors and status in Kenya	Abuya, Timothy,Askew, Ian,Bellows, Ben,Njue, Rebecca,Obare, Francis,Sunday, Joseph,Warren, Charlotte	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-177	None	None	Background: Alternatives to the traditional 'supply-side' approach to financing service delivery are being explored. These strategies are termed results-based finance, demand-side health financing or output-based aid which includes a range of interventions that channel government or donor subsidies to the user rather than the provider. Initial pilot assessments of reproductive health voucher programs suggest that, they can increase access and use, reducing inequities and enhancing program efficiency and service quality. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing how the programs function in different settings, for various reproductive health services. Population Council, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, intends to generate evidence around the 'voucher and accreditation' approaches to improving the reproductive health of low income women in Kenya. Methods/Design: A quasi-experimental study will investigate the impact of the voucher approach on improving reproductive health behaviors, reproductive health status and reducing inequities at the population level; and assessing the effect of vouchers on increasing access to, and quality of, and reducing inequities in the use of selected reproductive health services. The study comprises of four populations: facilities, providers, women of reproductive health age using facilities and women and men who have been pregnant and/or used family planning within the previous 12 months. The study will be carried out in samples of health facilities - public, private and faith-based in: three districts; Kisumu, Kiambu, Kitui and two informal settlements in Nairobi which are accredited to provide maternal and newborn health and family planning services to women holding vouchers for the services; and compared with a matched sample of non-accredited facilities. Health facility assessments (HFA) will be conducted at two stages to track temporal changes in quality of care and utilization. Facility inventories, structured observations, and client exit interviews will be used to collect comparable data across facilities. Health providers will also be interviewed and observed providing care. A population survey of about 3000 respondents will also be carried out in areas where vouchers are distributed and similar locations where vouchers are not distributed.	"Out-put based approach",vouchers	None	None
WoS	WOS:000291050000001	Evaluation of the impact of the voucher and accreditation approach on improving reproductive behaviors and RH status: Bangladesh	Bellows, Benjamin,Rahman, Moshiur,Rob, Ubaidur	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-257	None	None	Background: Cost of delivering reproductive health services to low-income populations will always require total or partial subsidization by the government and/or development partners. Broadly termed "Demand-Side Financing" or "Output-Based Aid", includes a range of interventions that channel government or donor subsidies to the service user rather than the service provider. Initial findings from the few assessments of reproductive health voucher-and accreditation programs suggest that, if implemented well, these programs have great potential for achieving the policy objectives of increasing access and use, reducing inequities and enhancing program efficiency and service quality. At this point in time, however, there is a paucity of evidence describing how the various voucher programs function in different settings, for various reproductive health services. Methods/Design: Population Council-Nairobi, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, intends to address the lack of evidence around the pros and cons of 'voucher and accreditation' approaches to improving the reproductive health of low income women in five developing countries. In Bangladesh, the activities will be conducted in 11 accredited health facilities where Demand Side Financing program is being implemented and compared with populations drawn from areas served by similar non-accredited facilities. Facility inventories, client exit interviews and service provider interviews will be used to collect comparable data across each facility for assessing readiness and quality of care. In-depth interviews with key stakeholders will be conducted to gain a deeper understanding about the program. A population-based survey will also be carried out in two types of locations: areas where vouchers are distributed and similar locations where vouchers are not distributed. Discussion: This is a quasi-experimental study which will investigate the impact of the voucher approach on improving maternal health behaviors and status and reducing inequities at the population level. We expect a significant increase in the utilization of maternal health care services by the accredited health facilities in the experimental areas compared to the control areas as a direct result of the interventions. If the voucher scheme in Bangladesh is found effective, it may help other countries to adopt this approach for improving utilization of maternity care services for reducing maternal mortality.	,HEALTH,MALARIA,SCHEME,SYSTEM,TANZANIA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74049108685	Evaluation of current knowledge, awareness and practice of spirometry among hospital -based nigerian doctors	Desalu O.O., Busari O.A., Onyedum C.C., Salawu F.K., Obateru O.A., Nwogu K.C., Salami A.K.	2009	BMC Pulmonary Medicine	9	None	10.1186/1471-2466-9-50	Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Fede	Desalu, O.O., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria; Busari, O.A., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Onyedum, C.C., Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria; Salawu, F.K., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Nigeria; Obateru, O.A., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria; Nwogu, K.C., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria; Salami, A.K., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria	Background: Spirometry is a cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of lung function and for case-finding in a resource-limited setting. The acceptance of this test depends on the awareness of its indications and the ability to interpret the results. No studies have assessed the knowledge of spirometry among Nigerian doctors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current knowledge, awareness and practice of spirometry among hospital-based Nigerian doctors.Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional survey among 321 doctors working in Nigerian hospitals between March 2008 and June 2008. Information on knowledge, awareness, practice of and barriers to spirometry were obtained using a pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaire and the data were then analysed.Results: Of the 321 doctors that participated, 108 (33.6%) reported that they have good knowledge of spirometry. One hundred and ninety-five (60.7%) were aware of the importance of spirometry in aiding the diagnosis of respiratory diseases; 213(66.4%) were aware of the importance of spirometry in determining the severity of diseases. Medical school was the most common source of knowledge on spirometry (64.5%). Eighty-one (25.2%) doctors reported having a spirometer in their hospitals. Doctors having access to a spirometer used it more frequently for aiding the diagnosis of COPD (40.7% vs.27.5%) and for monitoring of asthma (18.5% vs.11.3%) than those without access to a spirometer. The doctors working in University Teaching Hospitals and Federal Medical Centres (FMC) (22.4% vs. 4.5%) and those having access to a spirometer (40.7 vs.11.3%) were very confident of interpreting spirometry results compared to those working in District and General Hospitals and without access to a spirometer. Irrespective of access to a spirometer or the type of hospital they were employed in, doctors reported that unavailability of a spirometer was the greatest barrier to its use (62.5%) followed by lack of awareness about its usefulness (17.2%).Conclusion: The knowledge and practice of spirometry were poor among hospital-based Nigerian doctors because of unavailability of spirometers in most hospitals. These findings have implications for further evaluation, planning and management of patient care in respiratory disease. Spirometers should be made available in all hospitals, and the knowledge of spirometry should be improved among doctors. © 2009 Desalu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; clinical competence; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic value; disease severity; female; health care delivery; health care quality; hospital physician; human; male; medical practice; medical school; Nigeria; respiratory tract disease; spirometry; structured questionnaire; asthma; attitude to health; chronic obstructive lung disease; clinical practice; cost benefit analysis; cross-sectional study; economics; hospital personnel; lung disease; questionnaire; statistics; utilization review; Adult; Asthma; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Nigeria; Personnel, Hospital; Physician's Practice Patterns; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Questionnaires; Spirometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899474205	Comparison of same day diagnostic tools including Gene Xpert and unstimulated IFN-γ for the evaluation of pleural tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study	Meldau R., Peter J., Theron G., Calligaro G., Allwood B., Symons G., Khalfey H., Ntombenhle G., Govender U., Binder A., van Zyl-Smit R., Dheda K.	2014	BMC Pulmonary Medicine	14	1	10.1186/1471-2466-14-58	Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Meldau, R., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Peter, J., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Theron, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Calligaro, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Allwood, B., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Symons, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Khalfey, H., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Ntombenhle, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Govender, U., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Binder, A., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; van Zyl-Smit, R., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dheda, K., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The accuracy of currently available same-day diagnostic tools (smear microscopy and conventional nucleic acid amplification tests) for pleural tuberculosis (TB) is sub-optimal. Newer technologies may offer improved detection.Methods: Smear-microscopy, adenosine deaminase (ADA), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and Xpert MTB/RIF [using an unprocessed (1 ml) and centrifuged (~20 ml) sample] test accuracy was evaluated in pleural fluid from 103 consecutive patients with suspected pleural TB. Culture for M.tuberculosis and/or histopathology (pleural biopsy) served as the reference standard. Patients were followed prospectively to determine their diagnostic categorisation.Results: Of 93 evaluable participants, 40 had definite-TB (reference positive), 5 probable-TB (not definite but treated for TB) and 48 non-TB (culture and histology negative, and not treated for TB). Xpert MTB/RIF sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) was 22.5% (12.4 - 37.6) and 98% (89.2 - 99.7), respectively, and centrifugation did not improve sensitivity (23.7%). The Xpert MTB/RIF internal positive control showed no evidence of inhibition. Biomarker specific sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPVs were: ADA (48.85 IU/L; rule-in cut-point) 55.3% (39.8 - 69.9), 95.2% (83.9 - 98.7), 91.4 (73.4 - 95.4), 69.7% (56.7 - 80.1); ADA (30 IU/L; clinically used cut-point) 79% (63.7 - 89), 92.7% (80.6 - 97.5), 91.0 (73.4 - 95.4), 82.7% (69.3 - 90.1); and IFN-γ (107.7 pg/ml; rule-in cut-point) 92.5% (80.2 - 97.5), 95.9% (86.1 - 98.9), 94.9% (83.2 - 98.6), 93.9% (83.5 - 97.9), respectively (IFN-γ sensitivity and NPV better than Xpert [p < 0.05] and rule-in ADA [p < 0.05]).Conclusion: The usefulness of Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose pleural TB is limited by its poor sensitivity. IFN-γ is an excellent rule-in test and, compared to ADA, has significantly better sensitivity and rule-out value in a TB-endemic setting. © 2014 Meldau et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Adenosine deaminase; Diagnosis; Interferon gamma; Pleural fluid; Tuberculosis; Xpert MTB/RIF	adenosine deaminase; biological marker; gamma interferon; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; bacterium culture; centrifugation; cohort analysis; colony forming unit; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug resistant tuberculosis; female; histopathology; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; liquid culture; major clinical study; male; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nucleic acid amplification; pleura biopsy; pleura effusion; pleura fluid; predictive value; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; smear; smear microscopy; South Africa; tuberculous pleurisy; xpert mtb rif; Adult; Body Fluids; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pleural	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950236868	Evaluation of cost-effective total nucleic acids extraction protocols for cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis; A comparison by PCR amplification of genes associated with drug resistance	Awua A.K., Doe E.D., Gyamfi O.K.	2010	BMC Research Notes	3	None	10.1186/1756-0500-3-48	Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Awua, A.K., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Doe, E.D., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Gyamfi, O.K., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Background: The emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has made the management of tuberculosis difficult. Also, Mycobacterium species has a peculiar cell wall, made of an impermeable complex structure rich in mycolate, making the lyses of its cell difficult. In order to apply a radio-labelled-probe based detection of mutations in selected genes leading to drug resistance, we concede that the evaluation and modifications of nucleic acid extraction protocols that are less sophisticated and less prone to contamination would be useful in the management of tuberculosis in a resource-constrained setting. Findings. The average amount of nucleic acids was determined for different extraction treatments. High temperature treatment only, yielded the lowest amount of nucleic acids, i.e. 15.7 ± 3.2 μg. The average amount of nucleic acids obtained with the addition of TE and triton-X100, was 133.7 ± 8.9 μg, while that obtained with the addition of TE only, and TE and SDS were 68.4 ± 22.7 μg and 70.4 ± 20.3 μg respectively. Other treatments yielded 28.8 ± 6.7 μg, 32.5 ± 2.4 g and 36.9 ± 15.5 μg. The average amount of nucleic acids obtained with high temperature treatment in TE, and that obtained by freezing prior to high temperature treatment, successfully amplified for the genes of interest (rpoB, KatG, rrs). Conclusion. We strongly recommend the use of 1× TE buffer, and freezing and heating for improved lysis of cultured M. tuberculosis, and therefore, as an effective method for the preparation of M. tuberculosis nucleic acid useful for PCR. © 2010 Awua et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942605038	Evaluation of rational use of veterinary drugs especially antimicrobials and anthelmintics in Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia Veterinary Research	Beyene T., Endalamaw D., Tolossa Y., Feyisa A.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1466-4	Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia	Beyene, T., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Endalamaw, D., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Tolossa, Y., Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Feyisa, A., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia	Background: Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has numerous benefits, such as increasing efficacy, decreasing the potential adverse effects, reducing risk of drug residue and combating development of microorganism's drug resistance. Methods: A retrospective study with the aim of evaluating the current rational use of veterinary drugs was conducted at college of veterinary medicine and agriculture veterinary teaching hospital and Ada district veterinary clinic, central Ethiopia. One thousand eight hundred and nineteen animal patients' encounters were randomly selected for the study from prescription papers and prescription registration books retrospectively. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 1.23 with maximum of five. The percentage of encounters in which antimicrobials and anthelmintics was prescribed were 54.4 % (1216/2235) and 38.9 % (869/2235), respectively. The percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name and from essential veterinary drug list were 90.1 % (2014/2235) and 99.7 % (2229/2235), respectively. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials and anthelmintics were oxytetracycline 1016 (45.5 %), penicillin and streptomycin combination 168 (7.5 %), sulfa drugs 23 (1.0 %), and albendazole 732 (32.8 %) and ivermectin 137 (6.1 %). Among the 1819 animal-patient encounters, only 57 % (n = 1037) of the prescriptions were written adequately, 43 % (n = 782) incorrectly prescribed and 1179 cases of the adequately specified prescription were tentatively diagnosed. For 656 (53.9 %) and 233 (26.8 %) inadequately specified cases antimicrobials and anthelmintics were prescribed, respectively. Antibiotics were prescribed irrationally for cases which were tentatively diagnosed as parasitic 21.6 % (n = 262) and viral to prevent secondary bacterial complications 6.0 % (n = 73). Among all patients that were admitted to veterinary clinics, 96.6 % (1757) were treated empirically without getting correct laboratory-supported diagnosis. Chi Square test for trend analysis showed a statistically significant association between irrational drug usage and year (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The findings had shown problems in generic prescribing, incorrect diagnosis, and non-availability of standard veterinary treatment guideline and drug formulary in the study area. Therefore, veterinary drugs, specially, antimicrobial agents should be judiciously used; and a wide scale study to safeguard the public from drug residual effects and antimicrobial resistance development is recommended. © 2015 Beyene et al.	Ethiopia; Evaluation; Prescribing practices; Rational use; Veterinary drugs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871592463	The impact of voluntary exercise on relative telomere length in a rat model of developmental stress	Botha M., Grace L., Bugarith K., Russell V.A., Kidd M., Seedat S., Hemmings S.M.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-697	Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Botha, M., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Grace, L., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bugarith, K., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Russell, V.A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kidd, M., Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Seedat, S., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Hemmings, S.M., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Background: Exposure to early adverse events can result in the development of later psychopathology, and is often associated with cognitive impairment. This may be due to accelerated cell aging, which can be catalogued by attritioned telomeres. Exercise enhances neurogenesis and has been proposed to buffer the effect of psychological stress on telomere length. This study aimed to investigate the impact of early developmental stress and voluntary exercise on telomere length in the ventral hippocampus (VH) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the rat. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorised into four groups: maternally separated runners (MSR), maternally separated non-runners (MSnR), non-maternally separated runners (nMSR) and non-maternally separated non-runners (nMSnR). Behavioural analyses were conducted to assess anxiety-like behaviour and memory performance in the rats, after which relative telomere length was measured using qPCR. Results: Maternally separated (MS) rats exhibited no significant differences in either anxiety levels or memory performance on the elevated-plus maze and the open field compared to non-maternally separated rats at 49 days of age. Exercised rats displayed increased levels of anxiety on the day that they were removed from the cages with attached running wheels, as well as improved spatial learning and temporal recognition memory compared to non-exercised rats. Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that maternally separated non-exercised rats exhibited significantly longer telomere length in the VH compared to those who were not maternally separated; however, exercise appeared to cancel this effect since there was no difference in VH telomere length between maternally separated and non-maternally separated runners. Conclusions: The increased telomere length in the VH of maternally separated non-exercised rats may be indicative of reduced cellular proliferation, which could, in turn, indicate hippocampal dysfunction. This effect on telomere length was not observed in exercised rats, indicating that voluntary exercise may buffer against the progressive changes in telomere length caused by alterations in maternal care early in life. In future, larger sample sizes will be needed to validate results obtained in the present study and obtain a more accurate representation of the effect that psychological stress and voluntary exercise have on telomere length. © 2012 Botha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Exercise; Relative telomere length; Stress	Animalia; Elagatis; Rattus; animal; animal behavior; article; cognition; disease model; exercise; genetics; hippocampus; male; maze test; memory; mental stress; metabolism; prefrontal cortex; psychological aspect; rat; real time polymerase chain reaction; running; separation anxiety; Sprague Dawley rat; telomere; telomere homeostasis; Animals; Anxiety, Separation; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Physical Exertion; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Running; Stress, Psychological; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis; Volition	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944448595	In vivo antimalarial evaluation of some 2,3-disubstituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives	Birhan Y.S., Bekhit A.A., Hymete A.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1578-x	Department of Chemistry, Natural and Computational Sciences College, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Birhan, Y.S., Department of Chemistry, Natural and Computational Sciences College, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Malaria is a neglected tropical parasitic disease affecting billons of people around the globe. Though the number of cases and deaths associated with malaria are decreasing in recent years, it is the most deadly disease in the world. This study aimed at investigating the in vivo antimalarial activities of some 2,3-disubstituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives. Results: The in vivo antimalarial activities of the test compounds (6-9 and 11-13) were investigated using the 4-day suppressive standard test in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. The tested compounds showed significant antimalarial activities with mean percentage suppression of 43.71-72.86 % which is significantly higher than the negative control group (p < 0.05). Compounds 12 and 13 displayed better antimalarial activities from the group with mean percentage suppression of 67.60 and 72.86 % respectively. Conclusion: The tested compounds showed significant in vivo antimalarial activities in mice infected with P. berghi ANKA strain. Thus, 3-aryl-2-(substitutedstyryl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones represent a possible scaffold for the development of antimalarial agents. © 2015 Birhan et al.	Malaria; Quinazolinones	None	None
None	None	Child- and family impacts of infants' oral conditions in Tanzania and Uganda- a cross sectional study	Masumo R., Bardsen A., Mashoto K., Åstrøm A.N.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-538	Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Masumo, R., Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Bardsen, A., Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Mashoto, K., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Åstrøm, A.N., Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Background: Early childhood dental caries impacts on the quality of life of children and their families. This study set out to assess the psychometric properties of an oral health related quality of life, OHRQoL, measure, based on items emanating from the Child-and Family impact sections of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), in Kiswahili and Luganda speaking communities. It was hypothesized that the Child- and Family impact scores would discriminate between children with and without clinically defined dental problems and reported good and bad oral health. Method. Kiswahili and Luganda versions of the Child- and Family impact scores were derived through translation in pilot studies. Totals of 1221 and 816 child/caretaker pairs attending health care facilities in Manyara, Tanzania and Kampala, Uganda, were recruited into the study. After caretakers completed the interview, their children underwent oral clinical examination. Results: Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was > 0.80 with respect to the Child impact score and 0.79 regarding the Family impact score. Multiple variable logistic- and Poisson regression analyses revealed that the Kiswahili and Luganda versions of the Child- and Family impact score associated in the expected direction with child's oral diseases as with their reported health and oral health status. In Manyara, multiple logistic regression revealed that the ORs of reporting Child impacts were 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.4) and 2.2 (1.3-3.4) among caretakers who confirmed linear hypoplasia and teething symptoms, respectively. In Kampala, the ORs for reporting Child impacts were 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-3.9), 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.5), 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.3) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.3-5.8) among those who confirmed teeth present, hypoplasia, teething symptoms and tooth bud extractions, respectively. The odds ratios for reporting Family impacts were 2.7 (95% CI 1.5-4.7), 1.5 (95% CI 1.1- 2.1) and 4.6 (95% CI 2.0-10.7) if reporting LEH, teething symptoms and toothbud experience, respectively. Conclusion: The Child and Family impact scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability and reproducibility whereas the discriminative validity was more ambiguous. The OHRQoL scores should be developed further and tested among Kiswahili and Luganda speaking caretakers. © 2012 Masumo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; cross-sectional study; female; health; human; infant; male; preschool child; psychometry; Tanzania; Uganda; validation study; Adult; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Oral Health; Psychometrics; Tanzania; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865058945	Impact of health education intervention on insecticide treated nets uptake among nursing mothers in rural communities in Nigeria	Amoran O.E., Fatugase K.O., Fatugase O.M., Alausa K.O.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-444	Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria	Amoran, O.E., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; Fatugase, K.O., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; Fatugase, O.M., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; Alausa, K.O., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria	Background: ITN use is generally poor in Nigeria among all categories of people. Although use of ITNs has been shown to reduce malarial morbidity and mortality, this measure needs to be supported by an adequate healthcare system providing ITN possibly at the household level. This study was therefore designed to determine the effect of health education on the uptake of ITN among nursing mothers in rural communities in Nigeria. Methods. The study design was a quasi-experimental study carried out in Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun State. A multistage random sampling technique was used in choosing the required samples for this study and a semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information. The intervention consisted of a structured educational programme based on a course content adapted from the national malaria control programme. A total of 400 respondents were recruited into the study with 200 each in both the experimental and control groups and were followed up for a period of 3months when the knowledge and uptake of ITN was reassessed. Result: There was no significant difference (P >0.05) observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of socio-dermographic characteristics such as age, marital status, religion, and income. The ITN ever users in experimental group were 59 [29.5%] and 138 [72.6%] in pre and post intervention period, respectively (p value =0.0001). These proportions of ITN ever users were 55 [27.5%] and 57 [31.6%] in control group, during the pre and post intervention periods (p=0.37). Post health education intervention, degree of change in knowledge of ITN re-treatment [37.0%] and mounting [33.5%], readiness to use if given free [30.5%] and belief in efficacy [36.9%] improved significantly in the experimental group while there was no significant change in the control group [p=0.84, 0.51, 0.68 &0.69 respectively]. Majority [89%] of the respondents were willing to buy ITN for between US$ 1.5 to US$ 3.0. There was no statistically significant change (P >0.05) despite intervention in the amount the respondents were willing to pay to own an ITN in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of ITN in the study population was significantly increase by health education and that the free distribution of ITN may not guarantee its use. Uptake of ITN can be significantly improved in rural areas if the nets are made available and backed up with appropriate health education intervention. © 2012 Amoran et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Health education intervention; ITN; Malaria; Nursing mothers; Rural Nigeria; Utilization	insecticide; adult; article; attitude to health; bed net; breast feeding; drug effect; female; health education; human; infection control; malaria falciparum; methodology; Nigeria; organization and management; physiology; Plasmodium falciparum; questionnaire; rural population; statistics; utilization review; Adult; Breast Feeding; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Insecticides; Malaria, Falciparum; Mosquito Nets; Nigeria; Plasmodium falciparum; Questionnaires; Rural Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942134666	Evaluation of the isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) program in Shurugwi District, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe, January 2013 to August 2014	Makoni A., Chemhuru M., Tshimanga M., Gombe N.T., Mungati M., Bangure D.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1451-y	Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Office 3-66 Kaguvi Building, Cnr 4th/Central Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe	Makoni, A., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Office 3-66 Kaguvi Building, Cnr 4th/Central Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chemhuru, M., Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; Tshimanga, M., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Office 3-66 Kaguvi Building, Cnr 4th/Central Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gombe, N.T., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Office 3-66 Kaguvi Building, Cnr 4th/Central Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mungati, M., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Office 3-66 Kaguvi Building, Cnr 4th/Central Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bangure, D., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Office 3-66 Kaguvi Building, Cnr 4th/Central Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe	Background: Midlands Province started implementing the Isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) program in January 2013. Shurugwi and Gokwe North were the piloting district hospitals. In May 2014, four more districts hospitals (Gokwe South, Gweru, Kwekwe and Zvishavane) started implementing IPT. Shurugwi District decentralized the program to its rural health facilities in January 2014. A review of the Shurugwi IPT program, 2013 data, indicated that the majority of eligible clients were not started on IPT. None out of the 400 eligible clients were started on IPT in November against the 100 % target according to the World Health Organization and the National Tuberculosis (TB) Program. We conducted a study to evaluate the IPT program in Shurugwi District from January 2013 to August 2014. Methods: The logical framework approach was used to evaluate inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of the IPT program. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from key informants. Checklists were used to collect data from IPT program records. Results: Sixteen health facilities were implementing IPT in Shurugwi District. All the facilities had TB screening tools and three did not have TB screening algorithms. The district experienced medicine stock outs in 2013. One formal training at district level and on job trainings in implementing health facilities were done. From January 2013 to August 2014, Shurugwi District screened 6794 antiretroviral (ART) clients for TB. Out of those screened, 5255 were eligible for IPT and 2831 (54 %) were started on IPT. A total of 700 clients had completed the IPT 6 month's course by August 2014. The dropout rate due to INH toxicity and TB was 0.6 % (n = 18) and 0.3 % (n = 8) respectively. Fifty-three advocacy and community sensitization meetings were done. The program had no Information Education and Communication (IEC) materials. Conclusion: The IPT program in Shurugwi District achieved half its target. This could be due to inadequate formally trained staff, lack of IEC materials, inadequate advocacy and community sensitization, non-availability of the INH 300 mg single dose and inadequate INH 100 mg dose tablets in 2013. To improve the IPT program, there is need for routine advocacy, communication and social mobilization. © 2015 Makoni et al.	IPT program evaluation; Midlands Province; Shurugwi District	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900513802	Evaluation of the acute flacid paralysis (AFP) surveillance System in Bikita district Masvingo Province 2010	Pomerai K.W., Mudyiradima R.F., Tshimanga M., Muchekeza M.	2014	BMC Research Notes	7	1	10.1186/1756-0500-7-252	Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Provincial Medical Directorate, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe	Pomerai, K.W., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudyiradima, R.F., Provincial Medical Directorate, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe; Tshimanga, M., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muchekeza, M., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe	Background: AFP is a rare syndrome and serves as a proxy for poliomyelitis. The main objective of AFP surveillance is to detect circulating wild polio virus and provide data for developing effective prevention and control strategies as well planning and decision making. Bikita district failed to detect a case for the past two years. Findings. A total of 31 health workers from 14 health centres were interviewed. Health worker knowledge on AFP was low in Bikita. The system was acceptable, flexible, and representative but not stable and not sensitive since it missed1 AFP case. The system was not useful to the district since data collected was not locally used in anyway. The cost of running the system was high. The district had no adequate resources to run the system. Reasons for not reporting cases was that the mothers were not bringing children with AFP and ignorance of health workers on syndromes captured under AFP. Conclusion: Health worker's knowledge on AFP was low and all interviewed workers needed training surveillance. The system was found to be flexible but unacceptable. Reasons for failure to detect AFP cases could be, no cases reporting to the centres, lack of knowledge on health workers hence failure to recognise symptoms, high staff turnover. © 2014 Pomerai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Acute flacid paralysis; Bikita; Surveillance	acute disease; adult; attitude to health; complication; demography; economics; epidemiology; female; health care cost; health care personnel; health survey; human; male; muscle hypotonia; paralysis; Zimbabwe; Acute Disease; Adult; Demography; Female; Health Care Costs; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Muscle Hypotonia; Paralysis; Population Surveillance; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951266195	Evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal parasitosis in school age children in Ethiopia	Yimer M., Hailu T., Mulu W., Abera B.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1822-4	Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Yimer, M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Hailu, T., Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mulu, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Abera, B., Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Background: Although the sensitivity of Wet mount technique is questionable, it is the major diagnostic technique for routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitosis in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal parasitosis in school age children in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from May to June 2013. Single stool sample was processed for direct, Formol ether concentration (FEC) and Kato Katz methods. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of diagnostic tests were calculated in terms of the "Gold" standard method (the combined result of the three methods altogether). Results: A total of 422 school age children were participated in this study. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high (74.6 %) with Kato Katz technique. The sensitivity of Wet mount, FEC and Kato Katz tests against the Gold standard test was 48.9, 63.1 and 93.7 %, respectively. Kato Katz technique revealed a better NPV 80.4 (80.1-80.6) as compared to the Wet mount (33.7 %) and FEC techniques (41.3 %). Conclusion: In this study, the Kato Katz technique outperformed the other two methods but the true values for sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic values are not known. Moreover, it is labor intensive and not easily accessible. Hence, it is preferable to use FEC technique to complement the Wet mount test. © 2015 Yimer et al.	Ethiopia; FEC; Kato Katz; NPV; Sensitivity; Wet mount	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881299076	Comparative evaluation of a two-reagent cold stain method with Ziehl-Nelseen method for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis	Weldu Y., Asrat D., Woldeamanuel Y., Hailesilasie A.	2013	BMC Research Notes	6	1	10.1186/1756-0500-6-323	Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Weldu, Y., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia; Asrat, D., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Woldeamanuel, Y., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailesilasie, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Background: Bacteriological examination of sputum is the cornerstone in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in developing world, which is usually done using a Ziehl-Nelseen (ZN) method. However, due to limited laboratory facilities that can satisfy the procedure, applicability of this procedure appears to be adversely affected in field conditions and at peripheral health institutions. Hence, it has become necessary to look for a procedure which can be used as alternative in such conditions.In a cross-sectional study, using convenient sampling technique 362 pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients who attended at Mekelle University Hospital (MUH) between November 2011 and February 2012 were included. After obtaining an informed consent, spot- morning-spot sputum samples were collected from suspected patients. Then a set of duplicate slides, of which one was allocated to a two-reagent cold method (a method of staining which requires carbol fuchsine as a primary stain and Gabbet's methylene blue both as a decolorizer and counter stain) and the other to the Zeihl-Nelseen method were smeared evenly from representative portion of each specimen using the protocol for duplicate smear preparation. Stained smears were read blindly by two technologists at different occasions. Finally to assure quality, all positive smears and 25% of the negative smears were cross checked by senior experienced examiner. Findings. Overall concordance between the two methods was 99.7% (kappa (κ) = 0.98; 95%, confidence interval 0.93-1.00), and the observed agreement was statistically significant (p<0.001). When evaluated against Ziehl-Nelseen method, sensitivity and specificity of the two-reagent cold staining method were 95.8% (95% confidence interval 93.7-97.9) and 100% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of the two-reagent cold staining method were respectively 100% and 99.7%. Positive and negative agreements between the two techniques were respectively 97.9% and 99.9%. Conclusion: The two-reagent cold staining method was found to be a suitable alternative to the conventional Ziehl-Nelseen method; it was at least as specific as Ziehl-Neelsen method although somewhat less sensitive. However, large scale multicentric studies need to be performed for further evaluation of this cold staining method. © 2013 Weldu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	AFB microscopy; Cold stain; Ethiopia; Gabbet's methylene blue; PTB; Zeihl-Neelsen	carbol-fuchsin solution; fuchsine; methylene blue; chemistry; comparative study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic use; human; isolation and purification; microbiology; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; sputum; staining; standards; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Methylene Blue; Microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rosaniline Dyes; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Staining and Labeling; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
None	None	Evaluation of existence and transmission of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria from post-delivery women to neonates at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza-Tanzania	Nelson E., Kayega J., Seni J., Mushi M.F., Kidenya B.R., Hokororo A., Zuechner A., Kihunrwa A., Mshana S.E.	2014	BMC Research Notes	7	1	10.1186/1756-0500-7-279	Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania	Nelson, E., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kayega, J., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Seni, J., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mushi, M.F., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kidenya, B.R., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Hokororo, A., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Zuechner, A., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kihunrwa, A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mshana, S.E., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania	Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL) are common causes of neonatal sepsis worldwide. Neonatal sepsis due to ESBL is associated with increased morbidity and mortality at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Due to limited information on the sources of these ESBL strains at BMC, this study was conducted to evaluate the existence, magnitude and transmission of ESBL from post-delivery women to neonates at BMC, Mwanza-Tanzania. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted at obstetrics and neonatal wards from May to July 2013, involving post-delivery women and their neonates. Rectal swabs were collected and processed to identify the ESBL strains and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Patients' data were obtained using a standardized data collection tool. We enrolled 113 women and 126 neonates with mean age of 26.5 ± 5.5 years and median gestation age [IQR] of 39 [35-40] weeks respectively. The prevalence of ESBL carriage among women and neonates were 15% (17/113) and 25.4% (32/126) respectively. The acquisition of ESBL isolates among neonates on day 1, day 3 and day 7 were 60.0% (21/35), 25.7% (9/35) and 14.3% (5/35) respectively. There was no phenotypic similarity between ESBL strains from women and their respective neonates, suggesting other sources of transmission. Neonates given antibiotics were more likely to carry ESBL than those not given [100% (32/32) versus 86% (81/94), p = 0.018]. Conclusion: The carriage rate of ESBL strains among post-delivery women and neonates at BMC is high. Our findings suggest that neonates acquire these strains from sources other than post-delivery women and more than half acquire them on the first day of life. More studies are recommended to further explore the sources of ESBL strains among neonates. © 2014 Nelson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	ESBL; Neonates; Post-delivery women; Tanzania	antiinfective agent; beta lactamase; adult; antibiotic resistance; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; biosynthesis; delivery; drug effects; enzymology; female; heterozygote; human; isolation and purification; microbiology; newborn; Tanzania; transmission; bacterium; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; beta-Lactamases; Carrier State; Delivery, Obstetric; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943741633	The evaluation of accuracy of serial rapid HIV test algorithm in the diagnosis of HIV antibodies among pregnant women in south east Nigeria Pregnancy and Childbirth	Mbachu I.I., Udigwe G., Joseph I., John O., Samuel U.O., Joseph U., Ngozi M.C.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1454-8	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Mbachu, I.I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Udigwe, G., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; John, O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Samuel, U.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph, U., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Ngozi, M.C., Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Background: Accurate HIV testing in pregnancy is critical to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV infection and linkages to other preventive strategies. Aims and objectives: This study determined the sensitivity, specificity negative and positive predictive value of serial rapid testing of HIV among pregnant women in Nnewi, south east Nigeria. Methodology: This was a comparative descriptive study conducted over a 4-month period. Serial rapid testing algorithm was compared with conventional ELISA testing after obtaining informed consents from the pregnant women. All positive and discordant results were confirmed with western blot HIV test. Participants also completed a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 166 pregnant women participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 29 ± 4.3 years. The HIV prevalence was highest in the 25-29 years category. This was also the modal age category. Majority of the women were multiparous. The prevalence of HIV infection was 12 %. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of serial rapid HIV testing was 95, 100, 99.3 and 100 % respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the serial rapid test algorithm was high but still lower than the WHO recommended 99 % and above. The 100 % specificity and positive predictive value makes it a good diagnostic test strategy. There is need for regular review of HIV test kits and policy. © 2015 Mbachu et al.	Accuracy; Pregnant women; Rapid HIV test; Serial algorithm	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053630188	Pilot evaluation of the psychometric properties of a self-medication Risk Assessment Tool among elderly patients in a community setting	Lubinga S.J., Millar I., Babigumira J.B.	2011	BMC Research Notes	4	None	10.1186/1756-0500-4-398	Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Global Medicines Program, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Lubinga, S.J., Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Millar, I., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Babigumira, J.B., Global Medicines Program, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Background: Although community pharmacists in the United Kingdom are expected to assess elderly patients' needs for additional support in managing their medicines, there is limited data on potentially useful assessment tools. We sought to evaluate a 13-item assessment instrument among community dwelling elderly patients, 65 years and above. The instrument is composed of a cognitive risk sub-scale of 6 items and a physical risk sub-scale of 7 items. Findings. The instrument was administered to elderly patients in a survey performed in a community to the west of Glasgow, Scotland. The survey recruited 37 participants, 31 from 4 community pharmacies and 6 patients whose medication management tasks were managed by the West Glasgow Community Health and Care Partnership (managed patients). Community pharmacists independently rated 29 of the 37 participants' comprehension of, and dexterity in handling their medicines. We assessed scale reliability, convergent validity and criterion validity. In sub-analyses, we assessed differences in scores between the managed patients and those recruited from the community pharmacies, and between multi-compartment compliance aid users and non-users. The instrument showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.792 for 13-item scale). There was significant strong negative correlation between the cognitive risk sub-scores and community pharmacists' assessment of comprehension ( = -0.546, p = 0.0038); and physical risk sub-scores and community pharmacists' assessment of dexterity ( = -0.491, p = 0.0093). The Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUC SE; 95%CI) showed that the instrument had good discriminatory capacity (0.86 0.07; 0.68, 0.96). The best cut-off (sensitivity, specificity) was 4 (65%, 100%). In the sub-analyses, managed patients had significantly higher cognitive risk sub-scores (6.5 versus 4.0, p = 0.0461) compared to non-managed patients. There was a significant difference in total risk score (4 versus 2, p = 0.0135) and cognitive risk sub-score (4 versus 1.5, p = 0.0029) between users and non-users of multi-compartment compliance aids. Conclusions: This instrument shows potential for use in identifying elderly patients who may have problems managing their own medicines in the community setting. However, more robust validity and reliability assessments are needed prior to introduction of the tool into routine practice. © 2011 Lubinga et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865657401	Evaluation of in-house PCR for diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda	Nakiyingi L., Kateete D.P., Ocama P., Worodria W., Sempa J.B., Asiimwe B.B., Katabazi F.A., Katamba A., Huang L., Joloba M.L., Mayanja-Kizza H.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-487	Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; HIV/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Nakiyingi, L., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kateete, D.P., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Ocama, P., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Worodria, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sempa, J.B., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda; Asiimwe, B.B., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Katabazi, F.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Huang, L., HIV/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Joloba, M.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have offered hope for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). However, their efficiency with smear-negative samples has not been widely studied in low income settings. Here, we evaluated in-house PCR assay for diagnosis of smear-negative TB using Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture as the baseline test. Two hundred and five pulmonary TB (PTB) suspects with smear-negative sputum samples, admitted on a short stay emergency ward at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, were enrolled. Two smear-negative sputum samples were obtained from each PTB suspect and processed simultaneously for identification of MTBC using in-house PCR and LJ culture. Results: Seventy two PTB suspects (35%, 72/205) were LJ culture positive while 128 (62.4%, 128/205) were PCR-positive. The sensitivity and specificity of in-house PCR for diagnosis of smear-negative PTB were 75% (95% CI 62.6-85.0) and 35.9% (95% CI 27.2-45.3), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 39% (95% CI 30.4-48.2) and 72.4% (95% CI 59.1-83.3), respectively, while the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.17 (95% CI 0.96-1.42) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.43-1.14), respectively. One hundred and seventeen LJ culture-negative suspects (75 PCR-positive and 42 PCR-negative) were enrolled for follow-up at 2months. Of the PCR-positive suspects, 45 (60%, 45/75) were still alive, of whom 29 (64.4%, 29/45) returned for the follow-up visit; 15 (20%, 15/75) suspects died while another 15 (20%, 15/75) were lost to follow-up. Of the 42 PCR-negative suspects, 22 (52.4%, 22/42) were still alive, of whom 16 (72.7%, 16/22) returned for follow-up; 11 (26.2%, 11/42) died while nine (21.4%, 9/42) were lost to follow-up. Overall, more PCR-positive suspects were diagnosed with PTB during follow-up visits but the difference was not statistically significant (27.6%, 8/29 vs. 25%, 4/16, p=0.9239). Furthermore, mortality was higher for the PCR-negative suspects but the difference was also not statistically significant (26.2% vs. 20% p=0.7094). Conclusion: In-house PCR correlates poorly with LJ culture for diagnosis of smear-negative PTB. Therefore, in-house PCR may not be adopted as an alternative to LJ culture. © 2012 Nakiyingi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	CD4 cell counts; HIV-infected; HIV-TB co-infection; In-house PCR; Lowenstein-Jensen culture; Nucleic acid amplification tests; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Resource limited settings; Sensitivity; Smear-negative TB; Specificity	Human immunodeficiency virus; primer DNA; article; female; human; isolation and purification; lung tuberculosis; male; methodology; microbiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nucleotide sequence; polymerase chain reaction; sputum; Uganda; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; Female; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855890730	Evaluation of Capilia TB assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 9120 blood cultures	Muchwa C., Akol J., Etwom A., Morgan K., Orikiriza P., Mumbowa F., Odong P.R., Kateete D.P., Eisenach K.D., Joloba M.L.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-44	JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States	Muchwa, C., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda; Akol, J., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda; Etwom, A., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda; Morgan, K., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda; Orikiriza, P., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda; Mumbowa, F., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Odong, P.R., JCRC TB Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kateete, D.P., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Eisenach, K.D., Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States; Joloba, M.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Capilia TB is a simple immunochromatographic assay based on the detection of MPB64 antigen specifically secreted by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Capilia TB was evaluated for rapid identification of MTC from BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 9120 systems in Kampala, Uganda. Since most studies have mainly dealt with respiratory samples, the performance of Capilia TB on blood culture samples was also evaluated. Methods. One thousand samples from pulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis (TB) suspects admitted to the JCRC clinic and the TB wards at Old Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda, were cultured in automated BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 9120 blood culture systems. BACTEC-positive samples were screened for purity by sub-culturing on blood agar plates. Two hundred and fifty three (253) samples with Acid fast bacilli (AFB, 174 BACTEC MGIT 960 and 79 BACTEC 9120 blood cultures) were analyzed for presence of MTC using Capilia TB and in-house PCR assays. Results: The overall Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive values, and Kappa statistic for Capilia TB assay for identification of MTC were 98.4%, 97.6%, 97.7%, 98.4% and 0.96, respectively. Initially, the performance of in-house PCR on BACTEC 9120 blood cultures was poor (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV and Kappa statistic of 100%, 29.3%,7%, 100% and 0.04, respectively) but improved upon sub-culturing on solid medium (Middlebrook 7H10) to 100%, 95.6%, 98.2%, 100% and 0.98, respectively. In contrast, the Sensitivity and Specificity of Capilia TB assay was 98.4% and 97.9%, respectively, both with BACTEC blood cultures and Middlebrook 7H10 cultured samples, revealing that Capilia was better than in-house PCR for identification of MTC in blood cultures. Additionally, Capilia TB was cheaper than in-house PCR for individual samples ($2.03 vs. $12.59, respectively), and was easier to perform with a shorter turnaround time (20 min vs. 480 min, respectively). Conclusion: Capilia TB assay is faster and cheaper than in-house PCR for rapid identification of MTC from BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 9120 culture systems in real-time testing of AFB positive cultures. © 2011 Muchwa et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	Bacilli (class); Bacteria (microorganisms); Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; Nucleopolyhedrovirus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924330823	Evaluation of TUBEX-TF and onsite typhoid IgG/IgM combo rapid tests to detect salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection during a typhoid outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe	Tarupiwa A., Tapera S., Mtapuri-Zinyowera S., Gumbo P., Ruhanya V., Gudza-Mugabe M., Majuru N.X., Chin'ombe N.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1015-1	National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Zimbabwe	Tarupiwa, A., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Tapera, S., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mtapuri-Zinyowera, S., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gumbo, P., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ruhanya, V., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Zimbabwe; Gudza-Mugabe, M., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Majuru, N.X., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P O Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chin'ombe, N., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Zimbabwe	Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid, is endemic in most parts of the world especially in Africa. Reliable and rapid diagnosis of the bacterium is therefore critical for confirmation of all suspected typhoid cases. In many parts of Zimbabwe, laboratory capacity to isolate the microorganism by culture method as a way of diagnosis has limitations. In this study, two rapid serological kits, TUBEX-TF and OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Combo, were evaluated for possible expeditious diagnosis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection during a typhoid outbreak in Zimbabwe. Methods: Blood was collected from patients with clinical signs and symptoms of typhoid in Harare, Zimbabwe during an outbreak. The standard culture method was used to diagnose the disease. Two rapid kits, the TUBEX-TF and OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Combo, were also used in parallel to diagnose typhoid according to manufacturers' instructions. The diagnostic accuracy of the two kits was evaluated using the culture method as the gold standard. Results: From all the cases diagnosed by the blood culture (n = 136), we enrolled 131 patients for the TUBEX-TF and 136 for the OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Combo tests. With the culture method as a reference standard, we found that TUBEX-TF test was 100% sensitive and 94.12% specific, with 63.16% positive and 100% negative predictive values (NPVs) and the OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Combo test was 100% sensitive and 94.35% specific, with 63.16% positive and 100% NPVs. Conclusion: Our results indicated that TUBEX-TF and OnSite Typhoid IgG/IgM Combo rapid tests were useful tools for the rapid diagnosis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection during typhoid outbreaks in Zimbabwe. The tests performed very well in laboratory evaluations of blood culture-confirmed typhoid cases in Harare, Zimbabwe. © 2015 Tarupiwa et al.	Evaluation; Rapid tests; Salmonella; Typhoid fever	Bacteria (microorganisms); Salmonella; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi; bacterium antibody; diagnostic kit; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; adult; blood; diagnostic kit; epidemic; female; human; immunology; male; microbiology; preschool child; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; sensitivity and specificity; typhoid fever; Zimbabwe; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Salmonella typhi; Sensitivity and Specificity; Typhoid Fever; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942933120	An evaluation of a community-based food supplementation for people living with HIV in Ghana: Implications for community-based interventions in Ghana Public Health	Mensah K.A., Okyere P., Doku P.N.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1511-3	School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Mensah, K.A., School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Okyere, P., School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Doku, P.N., Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Background: Community-based care and support services are limited in sub-Saharan Africa and as a result a high number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are not getting the required care and support services. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of food supplementation services for PLHIV in Ghana on weight gained and factors associated with weight gained. Methods: The study employed mixed methods study design involving quantitative and qualitative techniques. These were structured questionnaire administered to 200 PLHIV selected through simple random sampling and a qualitative component consisting of 14 semi-structured interviews with purposefully selected stakeholders and eight focus group discussions with the beneficiaries. Results: The analysis of the quantitative data showed on average, beneficiaries had gained weight [mean difference in weight was 2 kg with 95 % CI (1.1, 2.9), P value <0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that the support group to which the beneficiary belonged was the most important determinant of gaining weight. Through the qualitative interviews, beneficiaries indicated that the anti-retroviral drugs were making them hungry and the food helped to alleviate that effect. Notwithstanding, they indicated that the food was nutritious, made them healthy and strong, contributed to their weight gain and was their main sources of hope at home when they had no money. Conclusions: A broad strategy of food supplementation for PLHIV should be implemented in different ways for different support groups taking into account the differences between different support groups when planning such an intervention. © 2015 Mensah et al.	Community-based care; Food supplementation; HIV/AIDS; Programme evaluation; Stakeholders; Support groups; Weight gained	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84933514271	Participation and performance trends of East-African runners in Swiss half-marathons and marathons held between 2000 and 2010	Cribari M., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T., Onywera V., Lepers R., Knechtle B.	2013	BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation	5	1	10.1186/2052-1847-5-24	Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, Switzerland	Cribari, M., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Rüst, C.A., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Rosemann, T., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Onywera, V., Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Lepers, R., INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Knechtle, B., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, Switzerland	Background: This study examined the changes in participation, performance and age of East African runners competing in half-marathons and marathons held in Switzerland between 2000 and 2010. Methods: Race times, sex, age and origin of East African versus Non-African finishers of half-marathon and marathon finishers were analyzed. Results: Across time, the number of Kenyan and Ethiopian finishers remained stable (P > 0.05) while the number of Non-African finishers increased for both women and men in both half-marathons and marathons (P < 0.05). In half-marathons, the top ten African women (71 ± 1.4 min) and top three (62.3 ± 0.6 min) and top ten (62.8 ± 0.4 min) African men were faster than their Non-African counterparts (P < 0.05). In marathons, however, there was no difference in race times between the top three African men (130.0 ± 0.0 min) and women (151.7 ± 2.5 min) compared to Non-African men (129.0 ± 1.0 min) and women (150.7 ± 1.2 min) (P > 0.05). In half-marathons and marathons was no difference in age between the best Non-African and the best African runners (P > 0.05). Conclusions: During the last decade in Switzerland, the participation of Kenyan and Ethiopian runners in half- and full- marathons remained stable. In marathons there was no difference in age and performance between the top African and the top Non-African runners. Regarding half-marathons, the top African runners were faster but not younger than the top Non-African runners. Future insight should be gained by comparing the present results with participation, performance and age trends for East African runners competing in marathons held in larger countries. © 2013 Cribari et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Aging; East African runners; Gender; Marathon; Nationality; Running	adult; age; Article; athletic performance; comparative study; Ethiopian; ethnic difference; female; human; Kenyan; male; marathon runner; running; sex difference; social participation; Switzerland; trend study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908126776	Predictors of death and production performance of layer chickens in opened and sealed pens in a tropical savannah environment	Shittu A., Raji A.A., Madugu S.A., Hassan A.W., Fasina F.O.	2014	BMC Veterinary Research	10	1	10.1186/s12917-014-0214-7	Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Producti	Shittu, A., Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Raji, A.A., Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Madugu, S.A., Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria, Plot 223D, Cadastral Zone B6, Mabushi, Abuja, Nigeria; Hassan, A.W., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Fasina, F.O., Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa	Background: Layer chickens are exposed to high risks of production losses and mortality with impact on farm profitability. The harsh tropical climate and severe disease outbreaks, poor biosecurity, sub-minimal vaccination and treatment protocols, poor management practices, poor chick quality, feed-associated causes, and unintended accidents oftentimes aggravate mortality and negatively affect egg production. The objectives of this study were to estimate the probability of survival and evaluate risk factors for death under different intensive housing conditions in a tropical climate, and to assess the production performance in the housing systems. Results: Daily mean mortality percentages and egg production figures were significantly lower and higher in the sealed pens and open houses (P < 0. 001) respectively. The total mean feed consumption/bird/day was similar for the open sided and sealed pens but the mean feed quantity per egg produce was significantly lower in the sealed pens ((P < 0.005). Seasons differently impacted on mortality with the hot-dry season producing significantly higher risk of mortality (61 times) and reduced egg production. Other parameters also differed except the egg production during the cold-dry season. Layers in sealed pens appear to have higher probability of survival and the Kaplan-Meir survival curves differed for each pen; ≥78 weeks old layer have higher probability of survival compared with the younger chickens and the 19-38 weeks age category are at highest risk of death (P < 0.001). The hazard-ratio for mortality of layers raised in sealed pens was 0.568 (56.8%).Conclusion: Reasons for spiked mortality in layer chickens may not always be associated with disease. Hot-dry climatic environment is associated with heat stress, waning immunity and inefficient feed usage and increase probability of death with reduced egg production; usage of environmentally controlled building in conditions where environmental temperature may rise significantly above 25°C will reduce this impact. Since younger birds (19-38 weeks) are at higher risk of death due to stress of coming into production, management changes and diseases, critical implementation of protocols that will reduce death at this precarious period becomes mandatory. Whether older chickens' better protection from death is associated with many prophylactic and metaphylactic regimen of medications/vaccination will need further investigation. © 2014 Shittu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Egg production; Mortality; Survival modeling; Tropical climate	Gallus gallus; animal; animal housing; chicken; eating; egg laying; female; heat; physiological stress; physiology; risk factor; season; survival; tropic climate; Animals; Chickens; Eating; Female; Hot Temperature; Housing, Animal; Oviposition; Risk Factors; Seasons; Stress, Physiological; Survival Analysis; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885524942	Farmers' perception of impacts of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse fly in selected districts in Baro-Akobo and Gojeb river basins, Southwestern Ethiopia	Seyoum Z., Terefe G., Ashenafi H.	2013	BMC Veterinary Research	9	None	10.1186/1746-6148-9-214	Unit of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O.Box:196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Seyoum, Z., Unit of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O.Box:196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Terefe, G., Department of Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, H., Department of Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Background: Trypanosomosis, via causing anaemia, emaciation, production loss and death, is arguably the most important constraint to livestock development in Sub-Saharan countries, including Ethiopia and its impact in Baro-Akobo and Gojeb river basins (endemic areas for tsetse flies) is unknown. This study was carried out from November 2011 to April 2012 to assess farmers' perception on the presence, impact, management and the need of intervention programs of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse fly in selected districts located in Baro-Akobo and Gojeb river basins, Southwestern Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire survey was employed to collect the relevant information from the farmers. Results: The result of this study showed that 94.1% of the respondents considered bovine trypanosomosis as an economically important cattle disease which accounted for 64.6% of the total annual deaths in the year 2011/2012. Estimated mean annual financial loss via mortality due to trypanosomosis was reported to be 3501 Ethiopian Birr (US$200)/household. The reported trypanosomosis suggestive signs were consistent with published reports and farmers strongly associated the occurrence of the disease with biting flies (particularly, tsetse fly). Respondents also explained that the seasonality of the disease and its vectors, i.e. May and June are peak risk months of the year. Chemotherapy was reported the major method to combating the problem, mean frequency of treatment being 5.7 times per animal per year. Because of the economic burden of the disease, farmers expressed their strong interest and support for the establishment of intervention program in their area.Conclusion: The study revealed that livestock keepers are familiar with bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors as well as its impacts. Thus, trypanosomosis and tsetse control strategies should be integrated with the local communities' participation to minimize the impacts of the disease and its vectors in the area. © 2013 Seyoum et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Baro-Akobo; Farmers' perception; Gojeb; River basin; Southwestern Ethiopia; Trypanosomosis	Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Glossina (genus); Glossinidae; anthelmintic agent; animal; animal husbandry; article; cattle; disease carrier; drug cost; economics; Ethiopia; Glossinidae; nagana; questionnaire; season; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anthelmintics; Cattle; Drug Costs; Ethiopia; Insect Vectors; Questionnaires; Seasons; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine; Tsetse Flies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899149723	Prevalence, impacts and medical managements of premenstrual syndrome among female students: Cross-sectional study in college of health sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia	Tolossa F.W., Bekele M.L.	2014	BMC Women's Health	14	1	10.1186/1472-6874-14-52	Dembidolo Hospital, Wellega, Ethiopia; College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O.Box: 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia	Tolossa, F.W., Dembidolo Hospital, Wellega, Ethiopia; Bekele, M.L., College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O.Box: 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia	Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is used to describe physical, cognitive, affective, and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve quickly at or within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The primary aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, impacts and medical managements of PMS on female medical students of Mekelle University College of Health Sciences.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected female students of Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia from March to April 2013. A structured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL (SPSS version 16). The criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV TR) were used to diagnose PMS.Result: From the total population size of 608; a sample size of 258 was drawn. Age of the study participants ranged from 18 to 25 years, with mean age of 20.86 ± 1.913 years. Among the participants, 144(83.2%) have had at least one PM symptoms with their menstrual period. The prevalence of PMS according to DSM-IV was 37.0%. About 49(28.3%) reported frequent class missing, 17(9.8%) exam missing, 14(8.1%) low grade scoring and 3(1.7%) of them reported withdrawal from their learning associated with their PMS. Only 83(48.0%) participants sought medical treatment for their PMS. The treatment modalities used were pain killers, 63(36.4%), hot drinks like coffee and tea, 13(7.5%), and massage therapy and exercise, 7(4.0%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed average length of one cycle of menstruation (COR = 0.20(0.070-0.569) and academic performance impairment (AOR = 0.345(0.183-0.653) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of PMS and use of PMS treatments respectively.Conclusions: Our study revealed a high prevalence and negative impact of PMS on students of Mekelle University. Therefore, health education, appropriate medical treatment and counseling services, as part of the overall health service, should be availed and provided to affected women. © 2014 Tolossa and Bekele licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Female students; Impacts; Medical management; PMS; Prevalence	contraceptive agent; abdominal cramp; academic achievement; adult; anger; article; backache; bloating; breast tenderness; coffee; concentration loss; cross-sectional study; depression; DSM-IV-TR; dyspnea; Ethiopia; female; headache; human; learning; major clinical study; massage; medical school; medical student; menstrual cycle; population size; premenstrual syndrome; prevalence; questionnaire; self report; sleep disorder; tea; vomiting; weakness; weight gain; weight reduction; Adult; Analgesics; Coffee; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Massage; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Severity of Illness Index; Students; Tea; Universities; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50049110585	Impact of Stepping Stones on incidence of HIV and HSV-2 and sexual behaviour in rural South Africa: Cluster randomised controlled trial	Jewkes R., Nduna M., Levin J., Jama N., Dunkle K., Puren A., Duvvury N.	2008	BMJ	337	7666	10.1136/bmj.a506	Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Virology, National Institute for Communicable Disease, Sandringham, South Africa; Gender Violence and Rights Team, International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, DC, United States	Jewkes, R., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Nduna, M., Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Levin, J., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Jama, N., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Dunkle, K., Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Puren, A., Virology, National Institute for Communicable Disease, Sandringham, South Africa; Duvvury, N., Gender Violence and Rights Team, International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, DC, United States	Objective: To assess the impact of Stepping Stones, a HIV prevention programme, on incidence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and sexual behaviour. Design: Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting: 70 villages (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Participants: 1360 men and 1416 women aged 15-26 years, who were mostly attending schools. Intervention: SteppingStones, a 50 hour programme, aims to improve sexual health by using participatory learning approaches to build knowledge, risk awareness, and communication skills and to stimulate critical reflection. Villages were randomised to receive either this or a three hour intervention on HIV and safer sex. Interviewers administered questionnaires at baseline and 12 and 24 months and blood was tested for HIV and HSV-2. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome measure: incidence of HIV. Other outcomes: incidence of HSV-2, unwanted pregnancy, reported sexual practices, depression, and substance misuse. Results: There was no evidence that Stepping Stones lowered the incidence of HIV (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.35). The programme was associated with a reduction of about 33% in the incidence of HSV-2 (0.67, 0.46 to 0.97; P=0.036) - that is, Stepping Stones reduced the number of new HSV-2 infections over a two year period by 34.9 (1.6 to 68.2) per 1000 people exposed. Stepping Stones significantly improved a number of reported risk behaviours in men, with a lower proportion of men reporting perpetration of intimate partner violence across two years of follow-up and less transactional sex and problem drinking at 12 months. In women desired behaviour changes were not reported and those in the Stepping Stones programme reported more transactional sex at 12 months. Conclusion: Stepping Stones did not reduce incidence of HIV but had an impact on several risk factors for HIV-notably, HSV-2 and perpetration of intimate partner violence. Trial Registration: Clinical Trails.gov NCT00332878.	None	adolescent; adult; article; awareness; blood sampling; clinical assessment; clinical trial; cluster analysis; communication skill; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; depression; female; health program; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infection prevention; major clinical study; male; partner violence; preventive medicine; priority journal; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; rural population; safe sex; sexual behavior; sexual health; South Africa; stepping stones health program; unwanted pregnancy	None
None	None	The impact of response to the results of diagnostic tests for malaria: Cost-benefit analysis	Lubell Y., Reyburn H., Mbakilwa H., Mwangi R., Chonya S., Whitty C.J.M., Mills A.	2008	BMJ	336	7637	10.1136/bmj.39395.696065.47	Health Economics and Financing Programme, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania	Lubell, Y., Health Economics and Financing Programme, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Reyburn, H., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Mbakilwa, H., Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Mwangi, R., Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Chonya, S., Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Whitty, C.J.M., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Mills, A., Health Economics and Financing Programme, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Objective: Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria seem cost effective in standard analyses, but these do not take account of clinicians' response to test results. This study tested the impact of clinicians' response to rapid diagnostic test or microscopy results on the costs and benefits of testing at different levels of malaria transmission and in different age groups. Design: Cost-benefit analysis using a decision tree model and clinical data on the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for malaria, their costs, and clinicians' response to test results. Setting: Tanzania. Methods: Data were obtained from a clinical trial of 2425 patients carried out in three settings of varying transmission. Results: At moderate and low levels of malaria transmission, rapid diagnostic tests were more cost beneficial than microscopy, and both more so than presumptive treatment, but only where response was consistent with test results. At the levels of prescription of antimalarial drugs to patients with negative tests that have been found in observational studies and trials, neither test method is likely to be cost beneficial, incurring costs 10-250% higher, depending on transmission rate, than would have been the case with fully consistent responses to all test results. Microscopy becomes more cost beneficial than rapid diagnostic tests when its sensitivity under operational conditions approaches that of rapid diagnostic tests. Conclusions: Improving diagnostic methods, including rapid diagnostic tests, can reduce costs and enhance the benefits of effective antimalarial drugs, but only if the consistency of response to test results is also improved. Investing in methods to improve rational response to tests is essential. Economic evaluations of diagnostic tests should take into account whether clinicians' response is consistent with test results.	None	antimalarial agent; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical study; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; data analysis; decision tree; diagnostic test; groups by age; human; malaria; microscopy; observational study; prescription; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Trees; Humans; Malaria; Microscopy; Models, Economic; Parasitology; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949142238	Global environmental change and health: Impacts, inequalities, and the health sector	McMichael A.J., Friel S., Nyong A., Corvalan C.	2008	BMJ	336	7637	None	National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Centre for Environmental Resources and Hazards Research, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Nigeria; Public Health and	McMichael, A.J., National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Friel, S., National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Nyong, A., Centre for Environmental Resources and Hazards Research, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Nigeria; Corvalan, C., Public Health and Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	[No abstract available]	None	drinking water; Africa; air pollution; article; capital; child death; climate change; environmental change; environmental health; health care cost; health hazard; health practitioner; health promotion; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection; malnutrition; maternal mortality; physician; policy; poverty; preventive medicine; priority journal; professional knowledge; prostitution; refugee; risk reduction; soil fertility; United Nations; water contamination; water supply; world health organization; Environmental Health; Goals; Greenhouse Effect; Health Planning; Health Policy; Health Status; Humans; Professional Role; Risk Management; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899033510	The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	Gough E.K., Moodie E.E.M., Prendergast A.J., Johnson S.M.A., Humphrey J.H., Stoltzfus R.J., Walker A.S., Trehan I., Gibb D.M., Goto R., Tahan S., De Morais M.B., Manges A.R.	2014	BMJ (Online)	348	None	10.1136/bmj.g2267	Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada	Gough, E.K., Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Moodie, E.E.M., Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Prendergast, A.J., Zvitambo Institute for Maternal Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe, Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Johnson, S.M.A., Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Humphrey, J.H., Zvitambo Institute for Maternal Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Stoltzfus, R.J., Division of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Walker, A.S., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Trehan, I., Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Gibb, D.M., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Goto, R., Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Tahan, S., Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; De Morais, M.B., Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Manges, A.R., School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada	Objective:s To determine whether antibiotic treatment leads to improvements in growth in prepubertal children in low and middle income countries, to determine the magnitude of improvements in growth, and to identify moderators of this treatment effect. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Medline, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and Web of Science. Study selection: Randomised controlled trials conducted in low or middle income countries in which an orally administered antibacterial agent was allocated by randomisation or minimisation and growth was measured as an outcome. Participants aged 1 month to 12 years were included. Control was placebo or non-antimicrobial intervention. Results: Data were pooled from 10 randomised controlled trials representing 4316 children, across a variety of antibiotics, indications for treatment, treatment regimens, and countries. In random effects models, antibiotic use increased height by 0.04 cm/month (95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.07) and weight by 23.8 g/month (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 43.3). After adjusting for age, effects on height were larger in younger populations and effects on weight were larger in African studies compared with other regions. Conclusion Antibiotics have a growth promoting effect in prepubertal children in low and middle income countries. This effect was more pronounced for ponderal than for linear growth. The antibiotic growth promoting effect may be mediated by treatment of clinical or subclinical infections or possibly by modulation of the intestinal microbiota. Better definition of the mechanisms underlying this effect will be important to inform optimal and safe approaches to achieving healthy growth in vulnerable populations.	None	amoxicillin; antibiotic agent; cefdinir; chlortetracycline; cotrimoxazole; metronidazole; penicillin derivative; placebo; polymyxin B; rifaximin; secnidazole; sulfonamide; trimethoprim; antibiotic therapy; article; child growth; clinical effectiveness; developing country; drug efficacy; drug indication; giardiasis; human; infection prevention; meta analysis; opportunistic infection; prepuberty; priority journal; randomized controlled trial (topic); risk assessment; systematic review; treatment duration; treatment outcome; treatment planning; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Growth Substances; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755170549	CD4 cell count and viral load monitoring in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: Cost effectiveness study	Kahn J.G., Marseille E., Moore D., Bunnell R., Were W., Degerman R., Tappero J.W., Ekwaru P., Kaharuza F., Mermin J.	2011	BMJ (Online)	343	7834	10.1136/bmj.d6884	Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Health Strategies International, Oakland, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Kahn, J.G., Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Marseille, E., Health Strategies International, Oakland, CA, United States; Moore, D., Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Bunnell, R., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Were, W., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Degerman, R., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Tappero, J.W., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Ekwaru, P., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Kaharuza, F., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Mermin, J., CDC-Uganda, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Objective: To examine the cost and cost effectiveness of quarterly CD4 cell count and viral load monitoring among patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: Cost effectiveness study. Setting A randomised trial in a home based ART programme in Tororo, Uganda. Participants: People with HIV who were members of the AIDS Support Organisation and had CD4 cell counts &lt;250 × 106 cells/L or World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 disease. Main outcome measures: Outcomes calculated for the study period and projected 15 years into the future included costs, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICER; $ per DALY averted). Cost inputs were based on the trial and other sources. Clinical inputs derived from the trial; in the base case, we assumed that point estimates reflected true differences even if non-significant. We conducted univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses. Interventions: Three monitoring strategies: clinical monitoring with quarterly CD4 cell counts and viral load measurement (clinical/CD4/viral load); clinical monitoring and quarterly CD4 counts (clinical/CD4); and clinical monitoring alone. Results: With the intention to treat (ITT) results per 100 individuals starting ART, we found that clinical/CD4 monitoring compared with clinical monitoring alone increases costs by $20 458 (£12 780, €14 707) and averts 117.3 DALYs (ICER=$174 per DALY). Clinical/CD4/viral load monitoring compared with clinical/CD4 monitoring adds $142 458, and averts 27.5 DALYs ($5181 per DALY). The superior ICER for clinical/CD4 monitoring is robust to uncertainties in input values, and that strategy is dominant (less expensive and more effective) compared with clinical/CD4/viral load monitoring in one quarter of simulations. If clinical inputs are based on the as treated analysis starting at 90 days (after laboratory monitoring was initiated), then clinical/CD4/viral load monitoring is dominated by other strategies. Conclusions: Based on this trial, compared with clinical monitoring alone, monitoring of routine CD4 cell count is considerably more cost effective than additionally including routine viral load testing in the monitoring strategy and is more cost effective than ART.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; adult; AIDS related complex; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical feature; comparative study; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; disability; female; health care cost; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; patient monitoring; priority journal; prognosis; randomized controlled trial; sensitivity analysis; simulation; Uganda; virus load; world health organization; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Disability Evaluation; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Uganda; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925815778	The impact of providing rapid diagnostic malaria tests on fever management in the private retail sector in Ghana: A cluster randomized trial	Ansah E.K., Narh-Bana S., Affran-Bonful H., Bart-Plange C., Cundill B., Gyapong M., Whitty C.J.M.	2015	BMJ (Online)	350	None	10.1136/bmj.h1019	Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PO Box MB-190, Accra, Ghana; Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Dangme West District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; National Malaria Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Ansah, E.K., Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PO Box MB-190, Accra, Ghana; Narh-Bana, S., Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Affran-Bonful, H., Dangme West District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Bart-Plange, C., National Malaria Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Cundill, B., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Gyapong, M., Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Whitty, C.J.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objective To examine the impact of providing rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on fever management in private drug retail shops where most poor rural people with fever present, with the aim of reducing current massive overdiagnosis and overtreatment of malaria. Design Cluster randomized trial of 24 clusters of shops. Setting Dangme West, a poor rural district of Ghana. Participants Shops and their clients, both adults and children. Interventions Providing rapid diagnostic tests with realistic training. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the proportion of clients testing negative for malaria by a double-read research blood slide who received an artemisinin combination therapy or other antimalarial. Secondary outcomes were use of antibiotics and antipyretics, and safety. Results Of 4603 clients, 3424 (74.4%) tested negative by double-read research slides. The proportion of slide-negative clients who received any antimalarial was 590/1854 (32%) in the intervention arm and 1378/1570 (88%) in the control arm (adjusted risk ratio 0.41 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.58), P<0.0001). Treatment was in high agreement with rapid diagnostic test result. Of those who were slide-positive, 690/787 (87.8%) in the intervention arm and 347/392 (88.5%) in the control arm received an artemisinin combination therapy (adjusted risk ratio 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09)). There was no evidence of antibiotics being substituted for antimalarials. Overall, 1954/2641 (74%) clients in the intervention arm and 539/1962 (27%) in the control arm received appropriate treatment (adjusted risk ratio 2.39 (1.69 to 3.39), P<0.0001). No safety concerns were identified. Conclusions Most patients with fever in Africa present to the private sector. In this trial, providing rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in the private drug retail sector significantly reduced dispensing of antimalarials to patients without malaria, did not reduce prescribing of antimalarials to true malaria cases, and appeared safe. Rapid diagnostic tests should be considered for the informal private drug retail sector.	None	antibiotic agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artemisinin; antibiotic therapy; Article; blood smear; combination chemotherapy; controlled study; diagnostic error; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug use; fever; Ghana; health care quality; human; malaria; malaria control; malaria rapid test; outcome assessment; patient safety; pharmacy; poverty; prescription; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; rural area	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940329574	Prevalence, determinants and impact of unawareness about the health consequences of tobacco use among 17 929 school personnel in 29 African countries	Agaku I.T., Filippidis F.T.	2014	BMJ Open	4	8	10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005837	Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Ogba-Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Agaku, I.T., Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Ogba-Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Filippidis, F.T., School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Objectives: To assess prevalence, determinants and impact of unawareness about the health consequences of tobacco use among school personnel in Africa. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Twenty-nine African countries. Participants: Representative samples of school personnel from 29 African countries (n=17 929), using data from the 2006-2011 Global School Personnel Surveys. Outcome: We assessed if school personnel were aware of the following five facts about tobacco use: (1) tobacco use is addictive; (2) secondhand smoke exposure is harmful; (3) smoking causes lung cancer; (4) smoking causes heart disease and (5) smoking does not cause malaria. Using multivariate logistic regression, we measured the impact of unawareness of the health consequences of tobacco use on behaviour and attitudes towards tobacco control. Results: A median of 62.6% of school personnel were unaware of at least one health consequence of tobacco use. School personnel in countries with mandatory cigarette health warning labels had lower odds of being unaware of any health consequence of tobacco use than countries where health warning labels were not mandatory (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.51; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.71). A significant dose-response relationship was seen between being ignorant of 1; 2; or ≥3 tobacco use health consequences respectively (compared with not being ignorant of any), and the odds of the following outcomes: non-support of bans on tobacco industry sponsorship of school or extracurricular activities (aOR=1.47; 1.91; and 2.98); non-support of bans on all tobacco advertisements (aOR=1.24; 1.78; and 2.68) and non-support of policies prohibiting tobacco use by school personnel on campus (aOR=1.79; 4.45; and 4.56). Conclusions: Unawareness of the health consequences of tobacco use was associated with poor support for tobacco control policies. Intensified efforts are needed in African countries to warn about the dangers of tobacco use.	None	administrative personnel; adult; advertizing; article; attitude to health; awareness; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; controlled study; cross-sectional study; Djibouti; Eritrea; female; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; health care policy; health care survey; health impact assessment; heart disease; human; human experiment; Lesotho; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; lung cancer; malaria; Malawi; male; Mauritania; Mauritius; Morocco; Namibia; Niger; normal human; passive smoking; Rwanda; school; school personnel; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; smoking; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; Swaziland; tobacco; tobacco industry; tobacco use; Togo; Tunisia; Uganda; Zimbabwe; adolescent; adverse effects; Africa; awareness; health; middle aged; prevalence; school; Tobacco Use Disorder; university; passive smoking; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Awareness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Faculty; Female; Health; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Schools; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892884854	The impact of mass media interventions on tuberculosis awareness, health-seeking behaviour and health service utilisation: A systematic review protocol	Nglazi M.D., Bekker L.-G., Wood R., Shey M.S., Uthman O.A., Wiysonge C.S.	2014	BMJ Open	4	1	10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004302	Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; South African Endpoint Laboratory, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; International Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom; Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Nglazi, M.D., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; Bekker, L.-G., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Shey, M.S., South African Endpoint Laboratory, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa; Uthman, O.A., Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, International Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom, Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Wiysonge, C.S., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. Strategies to curb the spread of TB must match the multifaceted nature of the epidemic. The use of mass media is one of the important strategies in communicating behavioural change in relation to TB prevention and the treatment. However, the benefits of this intervention are unclear. We, therefore, plan to conduct a systematic review on the effects of mass media interventions on TB awareness, health-seeking behaviour and health service utilisation. Methods and analysis: We will preferably include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in this systematic review. However, non-randomised studies will be included if there is an inadequate number of RCTs. We will perform electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus and other databases, along with manual searches. Articles written (or translated) in English and French and published between 1 January 1980 and 31 October 2013 will be eligible for inclusion in this review. The primary outcomes will be TB knowledge, attitudes and awareness, healthcare-seeking behaviour and service utilisation. The secondary outcomes will include stigma and discrimination against people with TB and the costs of the interventions. We will investigate clinical and statistical heterogeneity and pool studies judged to be clinically and statistically homogeneous. Relative risks will be calculated for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes, both with their corresponding 95% CIs. Ethics and dissemination: The systematic review will use data that is not linked to individuals. The review findings may have implications for clinical practice and future research, and will be disseminated electronically and in print through peer-reviewed publications.	None	article; attitude to health; clinical practice; health behavior; health care utilization; human; mass medium; outcome assessment; randomized controlled trial (topic); risk factor; social discrimination; social stigma; systematic review; tuberculosis; health education; information dissemination; patient attitude; preventive health service; procedures; psychology; tuberculosis; utilization; Health Education; Humans; Information Dissemination; Mass Media; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Preventive Health Services; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937239388	Depression among patients with tuberculosis: Determinants, course and impact on pathways to care and treatment outcomes in a primary care setting in southern Ethiopia - A study protocol	Ambaw F., Mayston R., Hanlon C., Alem A.	2015	BMJ Open	5	7	10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007653	School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom	Ambaw, F., School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mayston, R., Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Hanlon, C., Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Alem, A., Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Introduction: Depression is commonly comorbid with chronic physical illnesses and is associated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes. Currently, the literature on the role of depression in determining the course and outcome of tuberculosis (TB) is very limited. Aim: Our aim is to examine the relationship between depression and TB among people newly diagnosed and accessing care for TB in a rural Ethiopian setting. Our objectives are to investigate: the prevalence and determinants of probable depression, the role of depression in influencing pathways to treatment of TB, the incidence of depression during treatment, the impact of anti-TB treatment on the prognosis of depression and the impact of depression on the outcomes of TB treatment. Methods and analysis: We will use a prospective cohort design. 703 newly diagnosed cases of TB (469 without depression and 234 with depression) will be consecutively recruited from primary care health centres. Data collection will take place at baseline, 2 and 6 months after treatment initiation. The primary exposure variable is probable depression measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Outcome variables include: pathways to treatment, classical outcomes for anti-TB treatment quality of life and disability. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and multilevel mixed-effect analysis will be used to test the study hypotheses. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University. Findings will be disseminated through scientific publications, conference presentations, community meetings and policy briefs. Anticipated impact: Findings will contribute to a sparse evidence base on comorbidity of depression and TB. We hope the dissemination of findings will raise awareness of comorbidity among clinicians and service providers, and contribute to ongoing debates regarding the delivery of mental healthcare in primary care in Ethiopia.	None	ethambutol; isoniazid; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; Article; clinical trial; depression; Ethiopia; human; incidence; major clinical study; medical ethics; Patient Health Questionnaire 9; primary medical care; prognosis; quality of life; treatment outcome; tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855490751	The value of intervening for intimate partner violence in South African primary care: Project evaluation	Joyner K., Mash R.J.	2011	BMJ Open	1	2	10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000254	Stellenbosch University, Division of Nursing, Cape Town, South Africa; Stellenbosch University, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Cape Town, South Africa	Joyner, K., Stellenbosch University, Division of Nursing, Cape Town, South Africa; Mash, R.J., Stellenbosch University, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Cape Town, South Africa	Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important contributor to the burden of disease in South Africa. Evidence-based approaches to IPV in primary care are lacking. This study evaluated a project that implemented a South African protocol for screening and managing IPV. This article reports primarily on the benefits of this intervention from the perspective of women IPV survivors. Design: This was a project evaluation involving two urban and three rural primary care facilities. Over 4-8 weeks primary care providers screened adult women for a history of IPV within the previous 24 months and offered referral to the study nurse. The study nurse assessed and managed the women according to the protocol. Researchers interviewed the participants 1 month later to ascertain adherence to their care plan and their views on the intervention. Results: In total, 168 women were assisted and 124 (73.8%) returned for follow-up. Emotional (139, 82.7%), physical (115, 68.5%), sexual (72, 42.9%) and financial abuse (72, 42.9%) was common and 114 (67.9%) were at high/severe risk of harm. Adherence to the management plan ranged from testing for syphilis 10/25 (40.0%) to consulting a psychiatric nurse 28/58 (48.3%) to obtaining a protection order 28/28 (100.0%). Over 75% perceived all aspects of their care as helpful, except for legal advice from a non-profit organisation. Women reported significant benefits to their mental health, reduced alcohol abuse, improved relationships, increased self-efficacy and reduced abusive behaviour. Two characteristics seemed particularly important: the style of interaction with the nurse and the comprehensive nature of the assessment. Conclusion: Female IPV survivors in primary care experience benefit from an empathic, comprehensive approach to assessing and assisting with the clinical, mental, social and legal aspects. Primary care managers should find ways to integrate this into primary care services and evaluate it further.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000334459100073	International health research monitoring: exploring a scientific and a cooperative approach using participatory action research	Ashley, Elizabeth,Ayuo, Elizabeth,Chantler, Tracey,Cheah, Phaik Yeong,Guerin, Philippe J.,Hantrakum, Viriya,Kaleebu, Pontiano,Kidola, Jeremiah,Kivaya, Esther,Lang, Trudie,Miiro, George,Nanvubya, Annet,Njuguna, Patricia,Parker, Michael	2014	BMJ OPEN	4	2	10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004104	Mahidol University, Uganda Virus Research Institute, University of Oxford, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast CGMRC, Ctr Global Hlth Res	"Hantrakum, Viriya: Mahidol University",	Objectives To evaluate and determine the value of monitoring models developed by the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Research Unit and the East African Consortium for Clinical Research, consider how this can be measured and explore monitors' and investigators' experiences of and views about the nature, purpose and practice of monitoring. Research design A case study approach was used within the context of participatory action research because one of the aims was to guide and improve practice. 34 interviews, five focus groups and observations of monitoring practice were conducted. Setting and participants Fieldwork occurred in the places where the monitoring models are coordinated and applied in Thailand, Cambodia, Uganda and Kenya. Participants included those coordinating the monitoring schemes, monitors, senior investigators and research staff. Analysis Transcribed textual data from field notes, interviews and focus groups was imported into a qualitative data software program (NVIVO V. 10) and analysed inductively and thematically by a qualitative researcher. The initial coding framework was reviewed internally and two main categories emerged from the subsequent interrogation of the data. Results The categories that were identified related to the conceptual framing and nature of monitoring, and the practice of monitoring, including relational factors. Particular emphasis was given to the value of a scientific and cooperative style of monitoring as a means of enhancing data quality, trust and transparency. In terms of practice the primary purpose of monitoring was defined as improving the conduct of health research and increasing the capacity of researchers and trial sites. Conclusions The models studied utilise internal and network wide expertise to improve the ethics and quality of clinical research. They demonstrate how monitoring can be a scientific and constructive exercise rather than a threatening process. The value of cooperative relations needs to be given more emphasis in monitoring activities, which seek to ensure that research protects human rights and produces reliable data.	"MEDICAL ETHICS","QUALITATIVE RESEARCH","Statistics &amp; Research Methods","TROPICAL MEDICINE",CLINICAL-RESEARCH,CONDUCT,"DATA QUALITY",RANDOMIZED-TRIALS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000315042100039	A quasi-experimental evaluation of an HIV prevention programme by peer education in the Anglican Church of the Western Cape, South Africa	Mash, Rachel,Mash, Robert James	2012	BMJ OPEN	2	2	10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000638	Stellenbosch University	"Mash, Rachel: Stellenbosch University","Mash, Robert James: Stellenbosch University"	Introduction: Religion is important in most African communities, but faith-based HIV prevention programmes are infrequent and very rarely evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a church-based peer education HIV prevention programme that focused on youth. Design: A quasi-experimental study design compared non-randomly chosen intervention and control groups. Setting: This study was conducted in the Cape Town Diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. Participants: The intervention group of 176 teenagers was selected from youth groups at 14 churches and the control group of 92 from youth groups at 17 churches. Intervention and control churches were chosen to be as similar as possible to decrease confounding. Intervention: The intervention was a 20-session peer education programme (Fikelela: Agents of Change) aimed at changing risky sexual behaviour among youth (aged 12-19 years). Three workshops were also held with parents. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The main outcome measures were changes in age of sexual debut, secondary abstinence, condom use and numbers of partners. Results: The programme was successful at increasing condom usage (condom use score 3.5 vs 2.1; p=0.02), OR 6.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 40.7), and postponing sexual debut (11.9% vs 21.4%; p=0.04) absolute difference 9.5%. There was no difference in secondary abstinence (14.6% vs 12.5%; p=0.25) or with the number of partners (mean 1.7 vs 1.4; p=0.67) and OR 2.2 (95% Cl 0.7 to 7.4). Conclusion: An initial exploratory quasi-experimental evaluation of the Agents of Change peer education programme in a church-based context found that the age of sexual debut and condom usage was significantly increased. The study demonstrated the potential of faith-based peer education among youth to make a contribution to HIV prevention in Africa. Further evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme is, however, required before widespread implementation can be recommended.	,ABSTINENCE,ADOLESCENTS,GHANA,HEALTH,HIV/AIDS,"PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS",RELIGION,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",TANZANIA,YOUTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930390769	Impact of active coping, religion and acceptance on quality of life of patients with breast cancer in the department of radiotherapy, UCH, Ibadan	Elumelu T.N., Asuzu C.C., Akin-Odanye E.O.	2015	BMJ Supportive and Palliative Care	5	2	10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000409	Department of Radiotherapy, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Elumelu, T.N., Department of Radiotherapy, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Asuzu, C.C., Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Akin-Odanye, E.O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Background: A breast cancer diagnosis as well as the treatment that follows has considerable consequences on women's physical functioning, psychological health and overall well-being, resulting in significant interference with patients' quality of life (QoL). Purpose: The study seeks to assess the impact of active coping, religion and acceptance on the QoL of patients with breast cancer. Participants: This study, which is descriptive in nature, assessed the QoL and coping mechanism of 110 patients with breast cancer receiving treatment at the radiotherapy clinic in the University College Hospital (UCH). The patients had an age range of 25-75, an average age of 46.82 and an SD of 10.55. Male patients were 4 (3.60%), while 106 (96.40%) were female. Currently married participants were 84 (76.40%), while 26 (23.60%) were not. Methods: Data was collected using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) V.4 QoL questionnaire and Carver's Brief Cope questionnaire. Results: Analysis of data showed that significant differences were found between participants who used active coping, religious coping and acceptance more than those who did not in the overall QoL (p < 0.05) as well as in some of the QoL dimensions. Conclusions: Significant differences exist in the QoL of patients with breast cancer based on the coping style they adopt. Patients with breast cancer should be helped to adopt coping styles that would enhance their QoL.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000292102000011	How has Government policy post-Global Strategy for Plant Conservation impacted on science? The Ethiopian perspective	Demissew, Sebsebe	2011	BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY	166	3	10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01154.x	Addis Ababa University	None	In this paper, existing relevant Ethiopian government biodiversity-related policies and strategies, and mandates of various institutions prior to GSPC targets, are reviewed. Response to whether or not institutions responded to GSPC targets as the result of new policies or rebranded their work to fit within the context of existing policies and adjust their outcomes to fit into the GSPC targets is provided. The Ethiopian national report of 2009 submitted to the Convention of Biological Diversity Secretariat is reviewed and gaps analysed. The policies of the Federal government (and implementing institutions) post-GSPC so far have had only a limited impact on science, but research institutions have aligned their outputs to fit with the GSPC targets. Suggestions, conclusions and recommendations are made in order to work effectively towards the realization of the GSPC targets beyond 2010 in Ethiopia. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 166, 310-325.	ETHIOPIA,"government biodiversity policies","GSPC targets"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954471412	Wetland craft plants in KwaZulu-Natal: An ecological review of harvesting impacts and implications for sustainable utilization	Traynor C.H., Kotze D.C., Mckean S.G.	2010	Bothalia	40	1	None	Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, P.O. Box 394, 3290 Howick, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, 3209 Scotteville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, P.O. Box 13053, 3202 Cascades, South Africa	Traynor, C.H., Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, P.O. Box 394, 3290 Howick, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Kotze, D.C., Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, 3209 Scotteville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mckean, S.G., Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, P.O. Box 13053, 3202 Cascades, South Africa	In South Africa, wetland plants have been used for centuries and they continue to be harvested for subsistence and commercial purposes. Fibres for crafts are collected by cutting the aboveground parts. KwaZulu-Natal is one of the major basket-producing regions in southern Africa and at least twenty-two species of wetland plants are harvested for crafts. A literature review of the harvested species revealed that the impacts of cutting have only been extensively investigated for Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. and Juncus kraussii Hochst. The review suggested that, where plants display strong seasonal aboveground productivity patterns, cutting should take place after shoot senescence and before new shoot emergence to minimize damage to plants. Cutting in the short term could increase the density of green stems. However, in the long term in Phragmites australis, it may deplete the rhizome reserves and reduce the density of useable (longer and thicker) culms. The opportunity for sustainable harvests was investigated by considering the geographic distribution, whether species are habitat specific or not, and local population sizes of the craft plants. Juncus kraussii is of the greatest conservation concern. Ecologically sustainable wetland plant harvesting could contribute to the wise use of wetlands, an approach promoted nationally and internationally.	Basketry; Cutting disturbance; Management; Sustainable utilization; Wise use of wetland	Juncus kraussii; Phragmites australis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902280481	Trajectory of motor performance over twelve months in nigerian stroke survivors	Vincent-Onabajo G.O., Hamzat T.K., Owolabi M.O.	2014	Brain Impairment	15	1	10.1017/BrImp.2014.3	Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, Universit	Vincent-Onabajo, G.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Hamzat, T.K., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Owolabi, M.O., Department of Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Objective: Submissions on recovery of post-stroke motor performance vary, especially in relation to increasing time after stroke. This study examined the trajectory of motor performance over the first 12 months after stroke. Methods: Consecutive first-incidence stroke survivors (N = 83) were recruited within 1 month of onset from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Simplified Fugl Meyer scale (S-FM) was used to assess motor performance at monthly intervals. Changes in overall motor performance, and differences between the affected upper and lower extremities, were examined using Friedman's ANOVA and paired t-tests, respectively. Results: Significant improvement in motor performance was observed across 12 months (p <.001), with the proportion of stroke survivors with severe impairment at onset (53.3%) decreasing to 20% by 12 months. Lower extremity motor performance scores were significantly higher than for the upper extremity from 1 to 12 months (p <.01 at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 months; and p <.05 at the remaining months). Conclusions: The potential for long-term improvement in motor performance after stroke was observed, suggesting that this can be harnessed by long-term rehabilitation efforts. The comparatively poorer outcome in the upper extremity indicates the need for extra rehabilitation strategies to enhance upper-extremity motor recovery in the first year of stroke. Copyright © Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment 2014.	Keywords: motor performance; lower extremity; Nigeria; stroke; upper extremity	adult; aged; arm; article; cerebrovascular accident; convalescence; female; functional status; human; leg; male; motor performance; Nigeria; rehabilitation care; Simplified Fugl Meyer scale; survivor; tertiary health care	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649347748	Overview of parameters influencing biomass and bioreactor performance used for extracellular ligninase production from Phanerochaete chrysosporium	Ntwampe S., Chowdhury F., Sheldon M., Volschenk H.	2010	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology	53	5	10.1590/S1516-89132010000500001	Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Ntwampe, S., Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Chowdhury, F., Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Sheldon, M., Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Volschenk, H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The production of extracellular enzymes is gaining momentum as commercial interests seek alternative ways to improve the productivity in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Early research studies looked at improving batch bioreactor operational challenges; however, the use of continuous cultures was indicated to be favourable. This led to a new approach developed to produce extracellular enzymes continuously using fixed-film bioreactors from biofilms immobilised on polymeric and inorganic membranes. In this review, the performance of P. chrysosporium biomass, evaluated in terms of ligninase production using different bioreactor operation conditions, is highlighted. Furthermore, the limitations related to the implementation of optimised batch culture conditions to continuous fixed-film bioreactors are discussed. DO transportation, trace element toxicity and lipid peroxidation effects on P. chrysosporium biomass in fixed-film bioreactors operated for elongated periods, are also discussed.	Bioreactors; Dissolved oxygen; Lignin peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase; Phanerochaete chrysosporium	Bacteria (microorganisms); Chrysosporium; Phanerochaete; Phanerochaete chrysosporium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881532370	Evaluation of the haematology and biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus as biomakers of environmental pollution in Tiga dam, Nigeria	Abalaka S.E.	2013	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology	56	3	10.1590/S1516-89132013000300004	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abalaka, S.E., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study aimed to evaluate the haematological and biochemical changes in Clarias gariepinus as biomarkers of environmental pollution in Tiga dam, Nigeria (wild aquatic environment). Water and fishes were sampled twice, a week apart, from the controlled and the wild aquatic environment. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen contents of both aquatic environments. Similarly, there were no significant (p>0.05) changes in the haematological parameters of the reared and wild the C. gariepinus except in their white blood cell counts, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher in wild C. gariepinus. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (serum enzymes) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the wild C. gariepinus. However, the concentrations of serum total triglyceride (serum metabolite) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the wild C. gariepinus. The haematological and biochemical alterations in the wild C. gariepinus, which were strongly indicative of cellular damages, might have been a consequence of the toxic pollution of Tiga dam, Nigeria.	Aquatic environment; Blood values; Catfish; Serum enzymes; Serum metabolites	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27944452621	Clinical evaluation of pearl millet conophor weaning mix as supplementary food for Nigerian children	Akeredolu I.A., Addo A.A., Akeredolu O.A.	2005	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology	48	4	None	Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria	Akeredolu, I.A., Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Addo, A.A., Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Akeredolu, O.A., Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to formulate a weaning diet from pearl millet-conophor nut flour that would promote growth. For PER, BV, NPU and TD values, casein diet was the most superior while millet-conophor diet and soy-ogi diet compared favourably with each other. For the clinical measurements of the experimental rats on the soy - ogi diet and millet-conophor diet, apart from the urinary urea level of the group on millet conophor diet which was much higher than soy-ogi, there was no difference in any of the other parameters measured. It was therefore, concluded that the millet-conophor, diet was favourably well with the soy-ogi.	Clinical evaluation; Conophor; Millet and supplementary food; Weaning mix	Pennisetum glaucum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876935706	Evaluation of Cedrela gum as a binder and bioadhesive component in ibuprofen tablet formulations	Odeniyi M.A., Babalola A.O., Ayorinde J.O.	2013	Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	49	1	10.1590/S1984-82502013000100011	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Odeniyi, M.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Babalola, A.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayorinde, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The compressional, mechanical and bioadhesive properties of tablet formulations incorporating a new gum obtained from the incised trunk of the Cedrela odorata tree were evaluated and compared with those containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Compressional properties were evaluated using Hausner's ratio, Carr's Index, the angle of repose, and Heckel, Kawakita and Gurnham plots. Ibuprofen tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. Bioadhesive studies were carried out using the rotating cylinder method in either phosphate buffer pH 6.8 or 0.1 M hydrochloric acid media. The gum is a low viscosity polymer (48 cPs), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of a hydroxyl group. Py and Pk values, which are measures of plasticity, showed the gum to be significantly (p&lt;0.05) more plastic than HPMC, and plasticity increased with polymer concentration. All tablet formulations were non-friable (&lt;1.0%), and the formulations containing the gum had a higher crushing strength (130.95 N) than those containing HPMC (117.85 N) at 2.0% w/w binder. Formulations incorporating the gum were non-disintegrating and had a significantly longer drug release time than those containing HPMC. At the highest binder concentration, Cedrela gum formulations adhered to incised pig ileum longer than those containing HPMC. Cedrela gum exhibited better compressive, flow and binding properties than HPMC and is suitable as a bioadhesive and for sustained release of drugs.	Bioadhesion; Cedrela gum/bioadhesive component; Cedrela gum/evaluation/compression properties; Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; Ibuprofen tablets/bioadhesive studies; Tablet formulations	Cedrela gum; excipient; hydrochloric acid; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; ibuprofen; polymer; unclassified drug; adhesion; animal tissue; article; Cedrela; Cedrela odorata; concentration (parameters); controlled study; drug granulation; drug granule; drug release; histopathology; ileum; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; pH; physical chemistry; plasticity; swine; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897376195	Characterization and evaluation of acid-modified starch of Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam) as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablets	Okunlola A., Akingbala O.	2013	Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	49	4	10.1590/S1984-82502013000400009	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Okunlola, A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akingbala, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia) starch modified by acid hydrolysis was characterized and compared with native starch as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. The physicochemical and compressional properties (using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations) of modified Chinese yam starch were determined, and its quantitative effects as a binder on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate were analyzed using a 23 full factorial design. The nature (X1), concentration of starch (X2) and packing fraction (X3) were taken as independent variables and the crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR), disintegration time (DT) and dissolution time (t80) as dependent variables. Acid-modified Chinese yam starch showed a marked reduction (p&lt;0.05) in amylose content and viscosity but increased swelling and water-binding properties. The modified starch had a faster onset and greater amount of plastic flow. Changing the binder from native to acid-modified form led to significant increases (p&lt;0.05) in CSFR and DT but a decrease in t80. An increase in binder concentration and packing fraction gave similar results for CSFR and DT only. These results suggest that acid-modified Chinese yam starches may be useful as tablet binders when high bond strength and fast dissolution are required.	Acid hydrolysis; Chinese yam/starch/binding properties; Dioscorea oppositifolia/pharmaceutics; Drugs/release; Factorial design	amylose; chloroquine; starch; article; carbohydrate analysis; concentration (parameters); crushing strength; crushing strength friability ratio; Dioscorea oppositifolia; drug binding; drug release; drug solubility; hydrolysis; physical chemistry; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet property; viscosity; yam	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80055048279	Development and evaluation of a chronotherapeutic drug delivery system of torsemide	Sunil S.A., Rao N.S., Srikanth M.V., Uhumwangho M.U., Kumar K.S.P., Murthy K.V.R.	2011	Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	47	3	10.1590/S1984-82502011000300017	University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria	Sunil, S.A., University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India; Rao, N.S., University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India; Srikanth, M.V., University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India; Uhumwangho, M.U., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria; Kumar, K.S.P., University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India; Murthy, K.V.R., University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India	The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems (ChrDDs) of torsemide. Compression coated tablets (CCT) containing torsemide in the core tablet were prepared by the compression coating technique with different grades of polyethylene oxide (PEO WSR 301 &amp; 1105). The optimized formulations were characterised for tabletting parameters and drug polymer interaction by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).The hardness of all the CCT using PEO WSR 301 &amp; PEO WSR 1105 were in the range 6-8 kg/cm2 &amp; 5.5 to 7 kg/cm2 respectively. Their friability values were &lt;0.3%. All the CCT showed a clear lag time but finalized as per the predetermined lag time. As the amount of PEO was increased in the outer layer the drug released was delayed. The drug content of all the CCT was ≥99%. The FTIR studies showed no interaction throughout the process of development. Formulations of F7 and of P7 were considered optimized formulations since they yielded a predetermined lag time of 6h before burst release. Hence, these formulations can be exploited to achieve chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems of Torsemide for the treatment of hypertension at the time the patient needs it.	Chronotherapeutic drug; Compression coated tablets; Delivery systems; Polyethylene Oxides; Predetermined lag time; Torsemide	macrogol; torasemide; article; chemical parameters; chemical structure; chronotherapy; controlled release formulation; drug coating; drug delivery system; drug design; drug dosage form; drug formulation; drug release; drug screening; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; physical chemistry; tablet compression; tablet friability; tablet hardness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919949725	Solid State Reaction of Ruthenium with 6H-SiC Under Vacuum Annealing and the Impact on the Electrical Performance of its Schottky Contact for High Temperature Operating SiC-Based Diodes	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M., Prinsloo L., Njoroge E.	2014	Brazilian Journal of Physics	44	6	10.1007/s13538-014-0257-z	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Prinsloo, L., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Njoroge, E., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Thin films and Schottky diodes dots of ruthenium (Ru) on bulk-grown n-type-6-hexagonal-silicon carbide (6H-SiC) were annealed isochronally in a vacuum furnace at temperatures ranging from 500–1,000 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis of the thin films showed formation of ruthenium silicide (Ru2Si3) at 800 °C, while diffusion of Ru into 6H-SiC commenced at 800 °C. Raman analysis of the thin films annealed at 1,000 °C showed clear D and G carbon peaks which was evidence of formation of graphite. At this annealing temperature, the Schottky contact was observed to convert to an ohmic contact, as evidenced by the linearity of current–voltage characteristic, thereby, rendering the diode unusable. The transformation from Schottky contact to ohmic contact is attributed to graphite formation at the interface. © 2014, Sociedade Brasileira de Física.	6H-SiC; D and G carbon peaks; Graphite; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Ruthenium silicide; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904347663	Optimal controllability of manpower system with linear quadratic performance index	Udom A.U.	2014	Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics	28	2	10.1214/12-BJPS195	Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Udom, A.U., Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	In classical manpower systems analysis, control of the system usually results in a set of admissible controls. This forms the basis for the use of the concepts of optimal control to distinguish this set of admissible controls for optimality. In this paper, the concepts of classical deterministic optimal control are extended to examine the optimal controllability of manpower system modeled by stochastic differential equations in terms of the differential flow matrices for both time varying and time invariant manpower systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability are given. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is used to obtain an algebraic Riccati equation for an optimal tracking linear quadratic problem in a finite time horizon. A 2-norm optimality criterion which is equivalent to a minimum effort criterion is used to obtain a 2-norm optimal control for the system. An optimal time control is also obtained. © Brazilian Statistical Association, 2014.	Controllability; Manpower system; Stochastic differential equation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650879039	Emerging breast cancer epidemic: Impact on palliative care	Merriman A.	2010	Breast Cancer Research	12	SUPPL. 4	10.1186/bcr2740	Hospice Africa Uganda, PO Box 7757, Kampala, Uganda	Merriman, A., Hospice Africa Uganda, PO Box 7757, Kampala, Uganda	[No abstract available]	None	amitriptyline; metronidazole; morphine; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; phenytoin; Africa; article; bleeding; bone pain; breast cancer; breast surgery; epidemic; hospice; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lymphedema; mammography; neuropathic pain; pain; palliative therapy; paraplegia; prevalence; smelling; Uganda; breast tumor; economics; female; health care delivery; hospice care; pain; palliative therapy; Uganda; Breast Neoplasms; Economics; Epidemics; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Hospice Care; Humans; Pain; Palliative Care; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960835589	Time for a re-evaluation of mammography in the young? Results of an audit of mammography in women younger than 40 in a resource restricted environment	Taylor L., Basro S., Apffelstaedt J.P., Baatjes K.	2011	Breast Cancer Research and Treatment	129	1	10.1007/s10549-011-1630-z	Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa	Taylor, L., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Basro, S., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Apffelstaedt, J.P., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Baatjes, K., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa	Mammography in younger women is considered to be of limited value. In a resource restricted environment without access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with a high incidence of breast cancer in the young, mammography remains an important diagnostic tool. Recent technical advances and better regulation of mammography make a reassessment of its value in these conditions necessary. Data of all the mammograms performed at a tertiary hospital and private breast clinic between January 2003 and July 2009 in women less than 40 years of age were collected. Indications were the presence of a mass, follow-up after primary cancer therapy, and screening for patients perceived at high risk due to a family history or the presence of atypical hyperplasia. Data acquired were as follows: Demographics, prior breast surgery, indication for mammography, outcome of mammography, diagnostic procedures, and their results. Of 2,167 mammograms, 393 were performed for a palpable mass, diagnostic mammography. In these, the overall cancer detection rate was 40%. If the mammography was reported as breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS®) 5 versus BIRADS® 3 and 4 versus BIRADS® 1 and 2, a final diagnosis of malignancy was established in 96, 48, and 5%, respectively. Of 367 mammograms done for the follow-up after primary treatment of breast cancer, seven cancers were diagnosed for a detection rate of 1.9%. Of 1,312 mammograms performed for screening, the recall rate was 4%; the biopsy rate 2%, and the cancer diagnosis rate 3/1,000 examinations. In contrast to past series, this series has shown that recent advances in mammography have made it a useful tool in the management of breast problems in young women, notably in a resource-restricted environment. Women for screening should be selected carefully. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Mammography; MRI; Resource restricted environments; Ultrasound; Young women	adult; article; breast biopsy; breast cancer; breast hyperplasia; breast surgery; breast tumor; cancer diagnosis; cancer screening; cancer therapy; controlled study; family history; female; follow up; human; imaging system; major clinical study; mammography; predictive value; priority journal; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mammography; Mass Screening; Neoplasm Staging; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885135058	Is routine audiometric evaluation necessary in gynaecologic tumour patients undergoing chemotherapy?	Fasunla A.J., Harbeck N., Berktold S., Böhner C., Hundt W., Wolf P., Steinbach S.	2013	Breast Care	8	4	10.1159/000354125	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;	Fasunla, A.J., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Harbeck, N., Breast Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Berktold, S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Hospital Rechts der Isar, Germany; Böhner, C., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Hospital Rechts der Isar, Germany; Hundt, W., Department of Radiology, Philipps-University, Germany; Wolf, P., Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany; Steinbach, S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany	Background: Our objective was to assess the auditory function of gynaecological tumour patients who had received cytotoxic agents and to determine their associated risk of ototoxicity. Patients and Methods: 87 patients who had undergone chemotherapy for gynaecological malignancies were investigated. Of these patients, 79% had breast cancer, and 14% ovarian cancer. All of the patients had a subjective assessment of their hearing function on a visual analogue scale. Audiometric tests were performed before and at 9 weeks, 18 weeks and 3 months after completion of chemotherapy. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 32 to 71 years (mean age of 53.5 ± 10.5 years). The average subjective rating of the patients' hearing function was 83.0 ± 17.2 before and 84.8 ± 16.9 3 months after completion of chemotherapy. No significant audiometric change at either the speech hearing frequency range (0.5-2 KHz) or high frequencies was observed in the patients after chemotherapy. There was also no significant difference in the hearing threshold of the patients who had received platinum analogue-based chemotherapy compared to non-platinum analogue-based chemotherapy. Conclusion: Hearing loss is uncommon in patients treated with the typical gynaecological chemotherapy protocols. Hence, routine audiometric testing in these patients is not necessary. © 2013 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.	Breast cancer; Chemotherapy; Hearing function; Ovarian cancer	antineoplastic agent; capecitabine; carboplatin; cisplatin; cyclophosphamide; docetaxel; doxorubicin; epirubicin; fluorouracil; methotrexate; paclitaxel; anthracycline; cisplatin; cytotoxic agent; taxane derivative; adult; aged; air conduction; article; auditory threshold; bone conduction; breast cancer; cancer chemotherapy; chronic lymphatic leukemia; controlled study; drug safety; endometrium cancer; female; gynecologic cancer; hearing; hearing impairment; Hodgkin disease; human; human tissue; major clinical study; ototoxicity; outcome assessment; ovary cancer; priority journal; pure tone audiometry; risk assessment; speech; speech audiometry; structured questionnaire; tinnitus; uterine cervix cancer; visual analog scale; vulva cancer; Article; audiography; cancer combination chemotherapy; ear disease; female genital tract tumor; hearing disorder; ototoxicity; prospective study; risk factor; vertigo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60649093491	Examining the implementation of the mathematics strand of the Key Stage 3 Strategy: What are the bases of evaluation?	Venkat H., Brown M.	2009	British Educational Research Journal	35	1	10.1080/01411920802041665	University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; King's College London, United Kingdom; Marang Centre for Maths and Science Education, Education Campus, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Venkat, H., University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Marang Centre for Maths and Science Education, Education Campus, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa; Brown, M., King's College London, United Kingdom	This article presents findings from a comparative case study examining the implementation of the mathematics strand of the Key Stage 3 Strategy in two contrasting schoolsone using setting and whole-class teaching, the other incorporating mixed-ability grouping and individualised learning. A number of 'outcomes' of implementation are considered, including teachers' and students' experiences, changes in pedagogic practice and students' attainment. Whilst both schools achieved highly in relation to similar schools, higher attainment gains between Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 in the school using setting/whole-class teaching were associated with increasing student disaffection and dependence on teachers. In contrast, the attainment gains at the school using individualised learning were associated with increasing enthusiasm and independence. The mixed picture of outcomes and their complex interconnections suggest that evaluations of implementation resting on attainment-based outcomes are problematic in terms of longer-term aims of increasing the proportions of students choosing to study mathematics and developing the skills of independent learning.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59349120977	Development and quality evaluation of low-cost, high-protein weaning food types: Prowena and Propalm from soybean (Glycine max), groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and crayfish (Macrobrachium spp)	Omueti O., Jaiyeola O., Otegbayo B., Ajomale K., Afolabi O.	2009	British Food Journal	111	2	10.1108/00070700910932002	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria	Omueti, O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Jaiyeola, O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Otegbayo, B., Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Ajomale, K., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Afolabi, O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop two nutrient-dense and acceptable weaning foods - Prowena and Propalm - using high-protein food ingredients: crayfish (Macrobachium spp), soybeans (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) to enrich the sole starch based weaning food locally known as "ogi". Design/methodology/approach: The weaning food mixture was formulated by mixing yellow maize ogi flour, soyflour, groundnut meal and crayfish flour for Prowena (PROW) while palm oil was added to the mixture for Propalm (PROP). PROW and PROP were compared with the commercial weaning food Nutrend (NUTR) and the traditional weaning food, yellow maize gruel, or ogi (YOG), in terms of energy, nutrients and sensory scores. Findings: Chemical analysis showed that PROW contained 2.71 per cent moisture, 22.95 per cent protein, 5.86 per cent fat, 3.75 per cent fibre, 62.39 per cent carbohydrate, 4.31 per cent ash and 3.75 kcal of energy, while PROP had 2.78 per cent moisture, 21.99 per cent protein, 8.86 per cent fat, 3.89 per cent fibre, 59.29 per cent carbohydrate, 4.77 per cent per cent ash and 3.78 kcal of energy. The sensory evaluation showed that both PROW and PROP were equally acceptable as NUTR and more acceptable than YOG in terms of taste, flavour and texture (p<0.05). However, there was no significance difference (p>0.05) in acceptability of PROW, PROP, NUTR and YOG in terms of colour. Originality/value: The paper shows that the two weaning foods would be suitable for the commercial market to increase the protein intake and to combat protein energy malnutrition (PEM) amongst infants. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Baby foods; Infants; Nutrition; Product development	Arachis hypogaea; Astacoidea; Glycine max; Macrobrachium; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929832464	Driving factors-based approach for identifying performance indicators in sugarcane supply and processing systems	Sanjika T.M., Bezuidenhout C.N.	2015	British Food Journal	117	6	10.1108/BFJ-09-2014-0323	School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	Sanjika, T.M., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, C.N., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and demonstrate a driving factors-based approach for identifying and ranking performance indicators in integrated sugarcane supply and processing systems (ISSPSs) on an on-going basis. Design/methodology/approach – The research included a literature review, development of an approach, testing of the approach in four ISSPSs and checking the tests’ results for consistency with Southern Africa sugar industry benchmarks and external knowledge of the four ISSPSs. Findings – The research offers a systematic approach for identifying and ranking performance indicators based on existing driving factors in ISSPSs. Results obtained from the application of the approach in four ISSPSs are consistent with industry benchmarks and external knowledge of the ISSPSs. Research limitations/implications – The approach was tested in only four ISSPSs. It is recommended that the approach should be tested in other complex systems to further validate its effectiveness. It is further recommended that the approach should be systematically compared with existing approaches that are used for identifying and ranking performance indicators. Originality/value – This research is of academic value and of practical value to practitioners in ISSPSs. The research blends knowledge from network theory and cause-and-effect analysis to come up with a systematic approach for identifying and ranking performance indicators in ISSPSs on an on-going basis. Further, the approach identifies and ranks performance indicators as part of one data set. This approach has never, to the authors’ knowledge, been used in agro-industry before. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agriculture; Decision making; Food processing industry; Performance indicators; Supply chain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544440191	Calculating age-adjusted cancer survival estimates when age-specific data are sparse: An empirical evaluation of various methods	Gondos A., Parkin D.M., Chokunonga E., Brenner H.	2006	British Journal of Cancer	94	3	10.1038/sj.bjc.6602976	Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany; Unit of Descriptive Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gondos, A., Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany; Parkin, D.M., Unit of Descriptive Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Chokunonga, E., Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Harare, Zimbabwe; Brenner, H., Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany	We evaluated empirically the performance of various methods of calculating age-adjusted survival estimates when age-specific data are sparse. We have illustrated that a recently proposed alternative method of age adjustment involving the use of balanced age groups or age truncation may be useful for enhancing calculability and reliability of adjusted survival estimates. © 2006 Cancer Research UK.	Age-adjusted survival; Cancer survival; Sparse data	adolescent; adult; aged; article; cancer survival; child; data analysis; human; infant; mathematical analysis; priority journal; reliability; survival; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Research Design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886911648	Model-based evaluation of the pharmacokinetic differences between adults and children for lopinavir and ritonavir in combination with rifampicin	Zhang C., Denti P., Decloedt E.H., Ren Y., Karlsson M.O., Mcilleron H.	2013	British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology	76	5	10.1111/bcp.12101	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden	Zhang, C., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Denti, P., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Decloedt, E.H., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Ren, Y., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Karlsson, M.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Mcilleron, H., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Aims: Rifampicin profoundly reduces lopinavir concentrations. Doubled doses of lopinavir/ritonavir compensate for the effect of rifampicin in adults, but fail to provide adequate lopinavir concentrations in young children on rifampicin-based antituberculosis therapy. The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing the pharmacokinetic differences of lopinavir and ritonavir, with and without rifampicin, between children and adults. Methods: An integrated population pharmacokinetic model developed in nonmem 7 was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and ritonavir in 21 HIV infected adults, 39 HIV infected children and 35 HIV infected children with tuberculosis, who were established on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy with and without rifampicin-containing antituberculosis therapy. Results: The bioavailability of lopinavir was reduced by 25% in adults whereas children on antituberculosis treatment experienced a 59% reduction, an effect that was moderated by the dose of ritonavir. Conversely, rifampicin increased oral clearance of both lopinavir and ritonavir to a lesser extent in children than in adults. Rifampicin therapy in administered doses increased CL of lopinavir by 58% in adults and 48% in children, and CL of ritonavir by 34% and 22% for adults and children, respectively. In children, the absorption half-life of lopinavir and the mean transit time of ritonavir were lengthened, compared with those in adults. Conclusions: The model characterized important differences between adults and children in the effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and ritonavir. As adult studies cannot reliably predict their magnitude in children, drug-drug interactions should be evaluated in paediatric patient populations. © 2013 The British Pharmacological Society.	Adults; Children; Lopinavir/ritonavir; nonmem; Population pharmacokinetics; Rifampicin	isoniazid; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; rifampicin; ritonavir; adult; article; child; clinical evaluation; controlled study; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug clearance; drug dose reduction; drug effect; drug half life; drug interaction; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; major clinical study; male; multiple cycle treatment; outcome assessment; population model; preschool child; priority journal; school child; tuberculosis; adults; children; lopinavir/ritonavir; nonmem; population pharmacokinetics; rifampicin; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Availability; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Drug Interactions; Female; Half-Life; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Lopinavir; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Nonlinear Dynamics; Rifampin; Ritonavir; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939497330	Determining the number of participants needed for the usability evaluation of e-learning resources: A Monte Carlo simulation	Davids M.R., Harvey J., Halperin M.L., Chikte U.M.E.	2015	British Journal of Educational Technology	46	5	10.1111/bjet.12336	Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Division of Nephrology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Davids, M.R., Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Harvey, J., Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Halperin, M.L., Division of Nephrology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Chikte, U.M.E., Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	The usability of computer interfaces has a major influence on learning. Optimising the usability of e-learning resources is therefore essential. However, this may be neglected because of time and monetary constraints. User testing is a common approach to usability evaluation and involves studying typical end-users interacting with the application being tested. Determining the minimum number of users that are required for such an evaluation is important as it has a direct bearing on the costs and time requirements. This issue has long been a subject of debate and the widely cited recommendation of five users being enough has been questioned. We conducted a usability evaluation of an e-learning resource for electrolyte and acid-base disorders by studying the interaction of medical doctors with the application. A total of 15 serious usability problems were detected, most of these related to an interactive treatment simulation. With this report, we are making available the data on the detection of serious usability problems by each of our participants. We have used these data to run a Monte Carlo simulation and examine how many users would be sufficient to test our application. The simulation revealed that we would have required 10 participants to detect 80% of the serious usability problems. The MATLAB® code for running the simulation is supplied, as are our calculations of problem discovery rates. The e-learning resource which was evaluated is freely available, together with a revised version with all identified usability problems addressed. © 2015 British Educational Research Association.	None	E-learning; Intelligent systems; MATLAB; Usability engineering; Acid-base disorders; E-learning resources; Medical doctors; Monetary constraints; Time requirements; Treatment simulation; Usability evaluation; Usability problems; Monte Carlo methods	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903301767	Predictors of academic performance of seminarians in Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria	Adubale A.A., Aluede O.	2014	British Journal of Guidance and Counselling	42	4	10.1080/03069885.2014.886671	Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adubale, A.A., Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Aluede, O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	This study investigated predictors of seminarians' academic performance. The study employed a correlational research design. Two hundred and thirty two seminarians constituted the sample for the study. Bakare's modified version of student problem inventory was used to collect the data of the study. The findings indicated that time management and lack of concentration significantly predicted the academic performance of seminarians. Based on the findings, the study recommended intervention programmes, such as workshop on techniques of managing external distractions and unresolved personal crises that interfere with the seminarians' concentration level and workshop on time management skills; and that counselling units should be established in the Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria since there is none at the moment. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	academic achievement; academic success; Catholic Church; Catholic Seminarians; counsellor education programme; school success	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949397126	Performance evaluation of tertiary care	Njoku J., Eze C.U., Nwobi I.C.	2010	British Journal of Health Care Management	16	2	None	Department of Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Radiography,	Njoku, J., Department of Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Eze, C.U., Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Nwobi, I.C., Department of Radiography, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Aim: To evaluate the performance of tertiary healthcare institutions in Lagos State, Western Nigeria, with regard to their corporate goal of providing excellent tertiary healthcare services for the community. Methods: One hundred and ten structured questionnaires were distributed by stratified random sampling on healthcare workers in three tertiary healthcare institutions. The survey was first piloted on a separate hospital of equal status in Lagos State, which was not included in the study, after which minor changes were made with regard to presentation and wording. Surveys were completed and returned by 90 healthcare workers, giving a response rate of 82%. The questionnaires were analysed using percentages, frequencies and the chi-square (x2) test. Results: The hospitals studied did not translate their mission statements into specific performance objectives and goals; there appeared to be no framework to evaluate performance. Service delivery was generally hindered by poor staff training, poor funding (especially in government-run hospitals), lack of participative management, demotivation, work stoppages, and inadequate technology/obsolete equipment. Conclusions: Employee performance, and therefore productivity in the health sector, could improve if adequate attention is paid to the continuing professional development (CPD) of employees to match the trends in technology and meet the ever-changing needs of the patient. Public tertiary healthcare institutions have no system in place to improve performance. They seem not to bother about productivity as long as their funding is not dependent on performance. The risk is that these hospitals may not be self-sustaining should the government withdraw funding.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951120950	The influence of workload levels on performance in a rural hospital	Asamani J.A., Amertil N.P., Chebere M.	2015	British Journal of Health Care Management	21	12	10.12968/bjhc.2015.21.12.577	Human Resource Planning and Monitoring, Human Resources Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana	Asamani, J.A., Human Resource Planning and Monitoring, Human Resources Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana; Amertil, N.P., Department of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Chebere, M., Human Resource Planning and Monitoring, Human Resources Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana	The importance of workload on staff performance has been widely acknowledged, but opinions are divided as to what level of workload is desirable for optimum staff performance. Previously, researchers have attempted to demonstrate the impact of workload on the individual staff, organisation and the consumer. However, gaps and uncertainties in the literature also confirm the need for further investigation of the perceived workload levels of staff, the factors influencing workload levels and the contextual relationship between workload and staff performance. A quantitative descriptive survey was undertaken to elicit the perceived workload levels of health workers in the Donkorkrom Presbyterian Hospital, Ghana, and how it is perceived to impact on staff performance. One hundred clinical and non-clinical staff were selected for the study. The study found that workload level of health workers was perceived as moderate (2.91 ± 0.541 on a five-point Likert scale). However, nurses/midwives were perceived to have the highest workload, followed by paramedics, support staff and doctors. Work interruptions, procedures and processes involved in treating patients, as well as facing work-related uncertainties, were identified as determinants of perceived workload among health workers. Results show that 75% of health workers perceived moderate workload assignment would increase their performance. It is recommended that health institutions review and improve organisational procedures and processes to ensure smooth workflow and eliminate or minimise work interruptions that unnecessarily compound workload and undermines performance. © MA Healthcare Limited 2014.	Employee performance; Health workers; Rural hospital; Workload	Ghana; hospital; human; human experiment; Likert scale; midwife; nurse; Presbyterian; quantitative study; staff; uncertainty; workflow; workload	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860833710	Corporate Boards, Ownership Structure and Firm Performance in an Environment of Severe Political and Economic Crisis	Mangena M., Tauringana V., Chamisa E.	2012	British Journal of Management	23	SUPPL. 1	10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00804.x	Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Business School, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, United Kingdom; Bournemouth University, Business School, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; Department of Finance and Tax, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Mangena, M., Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Business School, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, United Kingdom; Tauringana, V., Bournemouth University, Business School, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; Chamisa, E., Department of Finance and Tax, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	This study examines the relationship between board and ownership structures and firm performance in an environment of severe political and economic crisis using panel data from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange for the period 2000-2005. The period is split into the pre-presidential election period (2000-2002) (a relatively stable political and economic period) and the post-presidential election period (2003-2005) (a hostile political and economic period) to capture the differences in the political and economic landscape. It is found that board size, ownership concentration and executive directors' share ownership increased, while the proportion of non-executive directors fell in the post-presidential election period. Employing a system generalized method of moments approach, the study finds that performance is positively related to board size and ownership concentration in the post- (but not in the pre-) presidential election period. The results also show that performance is negatively related to executive directors' share ownership in the post-presidential election period, but positively related in the pre-presidential election period. The relationship between performance and the proportion of non-executive directors is negative and significant in both periods. These findings support the notion that the effects of board and ownership structures depend on the nature of the firm's environment, and therefore have important implications for policy-makers. © 2011 The Author(s). British Journal of Management © 2011 British Academy of Management.	None	None	None
None	None	Minimal impact of an iron-fortified lipid-based nutrient supplement on Hb and iron status: A randomised controlled trial in malnourished HIV-positive African adults starting antiretroviral therapy	James P., Friis H., Woodd S., Rehman A.M., PrayGod G., Kelly P., Koethe J.R., Filteau S.	2015	British Journal of Nutrition	114	3	10.1017/S0007114515001920	Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States	James, P., Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Friis, H., Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Woodd, S., Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Rehman, A.M., Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; PrayGod, G., Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kelly, P., University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Koethe, J.R., Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, United States, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Filteau, S., Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Anaemia, redistribution of Fe, malnutrition and heightened systemic inflammation during HIV infection confer an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. We analysed information on Fe status and inflammation from a randomised, double blind, controlled phase-III clinical trial in Lusaka, Zambia and Mwanza, Tanzania. Malnourished patients (n 1815) were recruited at referral to antiretroviral therapy (ART) into a two-stage nutritional rehabilitation programme, randomised to receive a lipid-based nutrient supplement with or without added micronutrients. Fe was included in the intervention arm during the second stage, given from 2 to 6 weeks post-ART. Hb, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured at recruitment and 6 weeks post-ART. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the impact of the intervention, and the effect of reducing inflammation from recruitment to week 6 on Hb and Fe status. There was no effect of the intervention on Hb, serum ferritin, sTfR or serum CRP. A one-log decrease of serum CRP from recruitment to week 6 was associated with a 1·81 g/l increase in Hb (95 % CI 0·85, 2·76; P< 0·001), and a 0·11 log decrease in serum ferritin (95 % CI - 0·22, 0·03; P= 0·012) from recruitment to week 6. There was no association between the change in serum CRP and the change in sTfR over the same time period (P= 0·78). In malnourished, HIV-infected adults receiving dietary Fe, a reduction in inflammation in the early ART treatment period appears to be a precondition for recovery from anaemia. © The Authors 2015.	Antiretroviral therapy; Ferritin; Hb; HIV; Inflammation; Lipid-based nutrient supplement; Transferrin receptor	antiretrovirus agent; C reactive protein; efavirenz; emtricitabine; ferritin; hemoglobin; lamivudine; lipid; nevirapine; tenofovir; transferrin receptor; zidovudine; antiretrovirus agent; C reactive protein; ferritin; hemoglobin; iron; iron intake; lipid; adult; anemia; Article; blood sampling; controlled study; disease association; disease severity; double blind procedure; female; hemoglobin blood level; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; inflammation; iron blood level; iron metabolism; iron therapy; male; malnutrition; phase 3 clinical trial; protein blood level; randomized controlled trial; Tanzania; treatment duration; treatment response; administration and dosage; anemia; blood; complication; deficiency; diet supplementation; diet therapy; HIV Infections; iron intake; malnutrition; metabolism; mortality; Zambia; Adult; Anemia; Anti-Retroviral Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferritins; Food, Fortified; Hemoglobins; HIV Infections; Humans; Inflammation; Iron; Iron, Dietary; Lipids; Male; Malnutrition; Tanzania; Zambia	None
WoS	WOS:000336385000012	Animal source foods have a positive impact on the primary school test scores of Kenyan schoolchildren in a cluster-randomised, controlled feeding intervention trial	Bwibo, Nimrod O.,Drorbaugh, Natalie,Galal, Osman M.,Hulett, Judie L.,Neumann, Charlotte G.,Weiss, Robert E.	2014	BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION	111	5	10.1017/S0007114513003310	University of California Los Angeles, University of California System, University of Nairobi	"Bwibo, Nimrod O.: University of Nairobi","Drorbaugh, Natalie: University of California Los Angeles","Drorbaugh, Natalie: University of California System","Galal, Osman M.: University of California Los Angeles","Galal, Osman M.: University of California System","Hulett, Judie L.: University of California Los Angeles","Hulett, Judie L.: University of California System","Weiss, Robert E.: University of California Los Angeles","Weiss, Robert E.: University of California System",	Micronutrient deficiencies and suboptimal energy intake are widespread in rural Kenya, with detrimental effects on child growth and development. Sporadic school feeding programmes rarely include animal source foods (ASF). In the present study, a cluster-randomised feeding trial was undertaken to determine the impact of snacks containing ASF on district-wide, end-term standardised school test scores and nutrient intake. A total of twelve primary schools were randomly assigned to one of three isoenergetic feeding groups (a local plantbased stew (githeri) with meat, githeri plus whole milk or githeri with added oil) or a control group receiving no intervention feeding. After the initial term that served as baseline, children were fed at school for five consecutive terms over two school years from 1999 to 2001. Longitudinal analysis was used controlling for average energy intake, school attendance, and baseline socio-economic status, age, sex and maternal literacy. Children in the Meat group showed significantly greater improvements in test scores than those in all the other groups, and the Milk group showed significantly greater improvements in test scores than the Plain Githeri (githeri + oil) and Control groups. Compared with the Control group, the Meat group showed significant improvements in test scores in Arithmetic, English, Kiembu, Kiswahili and Geography. The Milk group showed significant improvements compared with the Control group in test scores in English, Kiswahili, Geography and Science. Folate, Fe, available Fe, energy per body weight, vitamin B-12, Zn and riboflavin intake were significant contributors to the change in test scores. The greater improvements in test scores of children receiving ASF indicate improved academic performance, which can result in greater academic achievement.	"animal source foods",KENYA,SCHOOLCHILDREN,"School test scores",ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE,CHILD-DEVELOPMENT,COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT,"IMPROVE DIETARY QUALITY",IRON-DEFICIENCY,"MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES","RURAL KENYA",SUPPLEMENTATION,"VITAMIN-B12 DEFICIENCY",ZINC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896742202	The Occupational Performance Measure of Food Activities: Item pool development and measurement properties	Plastow N.A., Spiliotopoulou G., Atwal A., Gilhooly M.	2014	British Journal of Occupational Therapy	77	2	10.4276/030802214X13916969447353	Stellenbosch University, South Africa; School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Professional Practice Research, Brunel University, United Kingdom; Brunel Institute for Ageing Studies, Brunel University, United Kingdom	Plastow, N.A., Stellenbosch University, South Africa, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Spiliotopoulou, G., School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Atwal, A., School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom, Centre for Professional Practice Research, Brunel University, United Kingdom; Gilhooly, M., Brunel Institute for Ageing Studies, Brunel University, United Kingdom	Introduction: Occupational therapists have the knowledge and skills to improve nutritional risk in community-living older adults by improving performance of food-related occupations. However, few tools are available to evaluate these interventions. We developed the first item pool that measures community-living older adults' occupational performance of food activities. Method: In Phase 1 of the research we developed an item pool within a qualitative exploratory study with five older adults. In Phase 2 we designed the Occupational Performance Measure of Food Activities. In Phase 3 we formally assessed the measurement properties of the 15-item measure, using survey responses from 77 community-living older adults. Construct validity, reliability, and utility were evaluated. Findings: A 13-item measure of the occupational performance of food activities showed acceptable validity and reliability in three subscales (Cronbach's α ranged from.70 to.75). The item pool demonstrated good utility. We had comparable results for administration via self-completion survey (n = 38) and interview (n = 39). Conclusion: This unique item pool showed promising validity and reliability for the measurement of the occupational performance of food activities. Occupational therapists are cautioned against modifying existing measurement tools without thorough testing of the resulting new measure of occupational performance. © The College of Occupational Therapists Ltd.	Aged; Food; Occupational performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43649098407	Impact of self-reported visual impairment on quality of life in the Ibadan study of ageing	Bekibele C., Gureje O.	2008	British Journal of Ophthalmology	92	5	10.1136/bjo.2007.124859	Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bekibele, C., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Information is lacking on the impact of visual impairment on the quality of life of elderly Africans. This study aims to examine the impact of self-reported visual impairment on the quality life of an elderly Nigerian sample. Results: Four hundred and fifty-three (22.3%) of the respondents reported impairment for distant vision, 377 (18.4%) reported near vision, and 312 (15.2) reported impairment for both far and near. Impairment of near vision had a significant impact on all domains of quality of life. Distant vision had less impact, with a significant decrement only in the domain of environment. After adjusting for the possible effects of age, sex, and co-occurring chronic physical illness, near-vision impairment accounted for 3.92% decrement in the overall quality of life of elderly persons. Conclusion: Impairment of vision is associated with significant decrement in diverse areas of quality of life in this elderly sample. Problems with near vision were nevertheless more likely than those of distant vision to affect quality of life.	None	aged; aging; article; controlled study; elderly care; environmental factor; female; human; major clinical study; male; physical disease; priority journal; psychological aspect; quality of life; self report; social aspect; visual impairment; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Developing Countries; Educational Status; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Health Status; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Presbyopia; Quality of Life; Self Disclosure; Visual Acuity; Visually Impaired Persons	None
None	None	Evaluation of distribution of presbyopic correction through primary healthcare centres in Zanzibar, East Africa	Laviers H., Burhan I., Omar F., Jecha H., Gilbert C.	2011	British Journal of Ophthalmology	95	6	10.1136/bjo.2010.186890	International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Eye Department, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Stonetown, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Laviers, H., International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Burhan, I., Eye Department, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Stonetown, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Omar, F., Eye Department, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Stonetown, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Jecha, H., Eye Department, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Stonetown, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Gilbert, C., International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Aim: A pilot scheme was developed to integrate the distribution of ready-made near spectacles into primary eye-care delivery in six primary healthcare facilities in Zanzibar, East Africa. With the aim of scaling it up to national level, the scheme was evaluated in terms of relevance, effectiveness, equality, sustainability and replicability. Methods: Six medical officers were trained in ocular anatomy, history taking, blindness definitions, ocular abnormalities, preventable blindness, distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, eye examination, record keeping and referral criteria. Each clinic was supplied with 200 near spectacles. The evaluation team revisited the units 6 months later to assess the scheme. Results: The evaluation team recommendations included: a structured approach to planning from the outset, facility selection criteria, raising awareness through community meetings, funding through a revolving fund and the introduction of referral monitoring systems. 372 of the 574 patients attending the facilities had eye complaints; 285 eye infections, 29 distance vision problems and 173 near vision problems. 173 near vision spectacles were dispensed, and 74 people were referred. All medical officers and participants recommended continuing with the scheme. Conclusions: The project is highly relevant and timely, given that presbyopia is now a priority with the WHO. The scheme could easily be adopted at the national level in Zanzibar and other areas in East Africa.	None	adult; aged; anamnesis; article; awareness; blindness; child; eye disease; eye examination; eye infection; female; financial management; health care access; health care quality; health program; human; infant; major clinical study; male; medical documentation; patient referral; presbyopia; primary health care; priority journal; school child; spectacles; staff training; Tanzania; visual acuity; visual disorder; Age Distribution; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Delivery of Health Care; Eyeglasses; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Presbyopia; Tanzania; Visual Acuity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960798554	Evaluation of cortisol concentrations in saliva as a measure of stress in patients having routine dental extractions	Umeanuka O.T., Saheeb B.D., Uguru C.C., Chukwuneke F.N.	2015	British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	53	6	10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.03.011	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; University of Benin, Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria	Umeanuka, O.T., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Saheeb, B.D., University of Benin, Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria; Uguru, C.C., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwuneke, F.N., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria	We measured changes in the salivary concentrations of cortisol as an index of stress, and to find out if patients were stressed during routine intra-alveolar dental extractions. A total of 126 patients (63 experimental and 63 controls) matched for age and sex with a mean (SD) age of 26 (5) years (range 18-40) were recruited. Samples of saliva from patients whose glands had not been stimulated were collected twice from the study group (30 minutes before, and 10 minutes after, the procedure) and once from the control subjects. All samples were collected between 10.00 and 14.00 hours to standardise the method and control for the diurnal variation of cortisol. There was a slight but not significant increase in the mean salivary concentration of cortisol between the preoperative samples (mean (SD) 12.3 (1.5) ng/ml and the postoperative samples 12.8 (2.3) ng/ml in the study group) and the control 8.7 (1.0) ng/ml. However, there was no difference between the sexes. The study highlights a simple but effective way of evaluating stress in patients having intra-alveolar dental extraction, and emphasises the invaluable role of salivary cortisol in the evaluation of stress (particularly in our environment). © 2015 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.	Extraction; Salivary cortisol; Stress	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62149107367	Neuropsychological status of bipolar I disorder: Impact of psychosis	Savitz J., Van Der Merwe L., Stein D.J., Solms M., Ramesar R.	2009	British Journal of Psychiatry	194	3	10.1192/bjp.bp.108.052001	Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology and Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; National Institutes of Health, B15K, North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States	Savitz, J., Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, National Institutes of Health, B15K, North Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Van Der Merwe, L., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, South Africa; Stein, D.J., Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Solms, M., Department of Psychology and Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Ramesar, R., Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background The presence of schizotypal personality traits in some people with bipolar disorder, together with reports of greater cognitive dysfunction in patients with a history of psychotic features compared with patients without such a history, raises questions about the nosological relationship between bipolar disorder with psychotic features and bipolar disorder without psychotic features. Aims To test the impact of a history of DSM-IV-defined psychosis on the neuropsychological status of participants with bipolar disorder while statistically controlling for confounding factors such as mood, medication, alcohol misuse/dependence and childhood abuse, and to evaluate the impact of schizotypal personality traits (and thus potential vulnerability to psychotic illness) on the cognitive performance of people with bipolar disorder and their healthy relatives. Method Neuropsychological data were obtained for 25 participants with type I bipolar disorder and a history of psychosis, 24 with type I bipolar disorder but no history of psychosis and 61 unaffected relatives. Schizotypal traits were measured with the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA). Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results The group with a history of psychosis performed significantly worse than the healthy relatives on measures of verbal working memory, cognitive flexibility and declarative memory. Nevertheless, the two bipolar disorder groups did not differ significantly from each other on any cognitive measure. Scores on the STA were negatively associated with verbal working and declarative memory, but positively associated with visual recall memory. Conclusions 'Psychotic' and 'non-psychotic' subtypes of bipolar disorder may lie on a nosological continuum that is most clearly defined by verbal memory impairment.	None	Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Cognition Disorders; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Family Health; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychotic Disorders; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937964171	Radiographers' performance in chest X-ray interpretation: The Nigerian experience	Ekpo E.U., Egbe N.O., Akpan B.E.	2015	British Journal of Radiology	88	1051	10.1259/bjr.20150023	Department of Radiography and Radiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Clinical Applications Unit, GE Healthcare, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria	Ekpo, E.U., Department of Radiography and Radiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Egbe, N.O., Department of Radiography and Radiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Akpan, B.E., Clinical Applications Unit, GE Healthcare, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To assess the performance of Nigerian radiographers in interpretation of plain chest radiographs and to assess whether age, years since qualification and sector of practice are associated with performance. Methods: A test set of 50 radiographs containing 23 cases with no pathology (normal) and 27 abnormal cases (cardiopulmonary conditions) independently confirmed by 3 radiologists were presented to 51 radiographers in a random order. Readers independently evaluated radiographs for absence or presence of disease and stated the location, radiographic features and diagnosis. Readers self-reported their age, years since qualification and sector of practice. Receiver operating characteristic was used to assess the performance. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess whether age, years since qualification and sector of practice were associated with performance. Results: Mean location sensitivity was 88.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.787-0.980]. Mean sensitivity and specificity were 76.9 (95% CI, 0.658-0.864) and 79.8 (95% CI, 0.658-0.864), respectively. Age was not associated with performance (p=0.07). Number of years qualified as radiographer (p=0.005) and private practice (p=0.004) were positively associated with performance. Conclusion: Nigerian radiographers can correctly report chest radiographs to a reasonable standard, and performance is associated with number of years since qualification and the sector of practice. Advances in knowledge: There are less than 300 radiologists serving a Nigerian population of about 170 million; therefore, X-ray interpretation by radiographers deserves consideration. Nigerian radiographers have potential to interpret chest X-ray in the clinical setting, and this may significantly improve radiology service delivery in this region. ©2015 The Authors.	None	adult; Article; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic error; false positive result; female; human; image analysis; male; Nigeria; Nigerian; paramedical personnel; private practice; radiographer; radiologist; radiology department; sensitivity and specificity; thorax radiography; adolescent; age; aged; child; clinical competence; computer assisted diagnosis; manpower; middle aged; pilot study; public hospital; radiology; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Clinical Competence; Female; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Pilot Projects; Private Practice; Radiography, Thoracic; Radiology; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871890324	The impact of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus and pulmonary tuberculosis on the success of bronchial artery embolisation	Govind M., Maharajh J.	2013	British Journal of Radiology	86	1021	10.1259/bjr.20120256	University of KwaZulu Natal, NRMSM, 20 Lynn Avenue, Glenashley, Durban, KwaZulu Natal 4051, South Africa	Govind, M., University of KwaZulu Natal, NRMSM, 20 Lynn Avenue, Glenashley, Durban, KwaZulu Natal 4051, South Africa; Maharajh, J., University of KwaZulu Natal, NRMSM, 20 Lynn Avenue, Glenashley, Durban, KwaZulu Natal 4051, South Africa	Objective: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) is a specialised, expensive and risky procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of coinfection with HIV and PTB on the success of BAE. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of sequential BAE procedures during 2006 and 2007 was performed. Rates of procedural and clinical outcome, reasons for failures and the impact of cluster of differentiation cell type 4 (CD4) level on failure were investigated. Patients were included if they presented with massive or life-threatening haemoptysis with a diagnosis of previous or active PTB and their HIV status was known, for the first two attempts at BAE only. Results: The study population consisted of 74 patients who were HIV positive and 33 who were HIV negative. Statistically, procedural success did not imply a clinically successful outcome, and HIV status and CD4 level did not correlate significantly with procedural success. Statistically, no technical reason had an impact on the success of the procedure when correlated with HIV status. The detection of lymphadenopathy was noted in 19.1% of patients who were HIV positive and in 42.4% of patients who were HIV negative, and was the only feature of significance. Conclusion: Coinfection with HIV does not have an impact on the success of BAE in patients with active PTB or with the sequelae of PTB who present with massive or life-threatening haemoptysis. Technical success does not imply clinical success, regardless of HIV status. Improvement in technique locally may improve outcome. Advances in knowledge: PTB coinfection with HIV should not affect the decision to consider BAE. © 2013 The British Institute of Radiology.	None	adult; article; artificial embolism; bronchial artery embolisation; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cross-sectional study; female; hemoptysis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; lymphadenopathy; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; observational study; retrospective study; treatment outcome; bronchial artery; comorbidity; hemoptysis; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; prevalence; risk assessment; South Africa; statistics; Adult; Bronchial Arteries; Comorbidity; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Hemoptysis; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903641724	Surviving, coping or thriving? Understanding coping and its impact on social well-being in mozambique	Hutchinson A.J.	2014	British Journal of Social Work	44	4	10.1093/bjsw/bcs167	Division of Social Work, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Centre for Social Development in Africa (CSDA), University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Hutchinson, A.J., Division of Social Work, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Centre for Social Development in Africa (CSDA), University of Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper presents the empirical interrogation and development of the concept of coping strategies through the findings of a piece of qualitative research which used this concept to understand and promote social well-being with young women in Mozambique during unintended pregnancy. Concepts and theories of 'coping' during adverse life events or periods of stress can be used to reinforce capabilities and strengths, facilitating rather than constraining people's own mechanisms of resilience. However, the framework within which the concept is situated is frequently ill-defined, particularly in applied contexts. 'Coping strategies' are used in many models of social work practice (preventative, remedial, rehabilitative, strengths-based, recovery-ordinated, developmental), yet understandings of what it means to 'cope', whether it be about counter-balancing threat, 'getting by' or 'getting on', and how such coping is strategic, are crucial for determining how the concept is used by practitioners and policy makers. Research findings based on qualitative interviews with young women (fifteen to nineteen-year-olds) and key informants in Mozambique on the concept of coping strategies are used to develop a typology which will help academics, policy makers and practitioners unpick the underlying assumptions associated with the concept. © 2012 The Author.	teenage pregnancy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747838015	'My eyes went wide open' - An evaluation of the special needs education awareness course at Molepolole College of Education, Botswana	Dart G.	2006	British Journal of Special Education	33	3	10.1111/j.1467-8578.2006.00428.x	Molepolole College of Education, Private Bag 008, Molepolole, Botswana	Dart, G., Molepolole College of Education, Private Bag 008, Molepolole, Botswana	This article is an evaluation of the special needs education awareness course run at Molepolole College of Education, Botswana. The course directly reflects the Government of Botswana's policy on special education and seeks to provide students with a wide range of skills and knowledge to help them identify and support pupils with a variety of special needs. It also seeks to examine teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with a wide range of learning support needs in the ordinary school. The evaluation was carried out by Gareth Dart, senior lecturer in the Department of Special Needs Education at Molepolole College of Education, who, in this article, reports the views of the first cohort of student graduates to complete the full course. This account also includes feedback from staff at schools who were involved with supervising the students as they did their special education assignments while on teaching practice. Feedback from the students and teachers is very positive in terms of the content and effect of the course although Gareth Dart suggests that a more thorough evaluation will have to wait until the graduates have been in the field some time. In the future, there will be a need to assess the long-term impact of the course upon the practice of teachers; to review the sustainability of this form of teacher education; and to make judgements about the influence that new generations of teachers have upon schools and policies promoting inclusion. © nasen 2006.	Attitudes; Disabilities; Inclusion; Special educational needs; Teacher education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948957369	Direct-to-consumer genetic testing for predicting sports performance and talent identification: Consensus statement	Webborn N., Williams A., McNamee M., Bouchard C., Pitsiladis Y., Ahmetov I., Ashley E., Byrne N., Camporesi S., Collins M., Dijkstra P., Eynon N., Fuku N., Garton F.C., Hoppe N., Holm S., Kaye J., Klissouras V., Lucia A., Maase K., Moran C., North K.N., P	2015	British Journal of Sports Medicine	49	23	10.1136/bjsports-2015-095343	Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Clinical Genomics Service, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalVIC, Australia; Coram Chambers, London, United Kingdom; School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Population Health, Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom; Emeritus of Ergophysiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Universidad Europea and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Elite Sport Unit, Netherlands Olympic Committee and Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC and NSF), Utrecht, Netherlands; Physiological Epigenetics Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom; International Federation of Sports Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy	Webborn, N., Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; Williams, A., MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, United Kingdom; McNamee, M., College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Bouchard, C., Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Pitsiladis, Y., FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; Ahmetov, I., Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Ashley, E., Clinical Genomics Service, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Byrne, N., Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Camporesi, S., Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Collins, M., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dijkstra, P., Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Eynon, N., Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Fuku, N., Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Garton, F.C., Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalVIC, Australia; Hoppe, N., Coram Chambers, London, United Kingdom; Holm, S., School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Kaye, J., Nuffield Department of Population Health, Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom; Klissouras, V., Emeritus of Ergophysiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Lucia, A., Universidad Europea and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Maase, K., Elite Sport Unit, Netherlands Olympic Committee and Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC and NSF), Utrecht, Netherlands; Moran, C., Physiological Epigenetics Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom; North, K.N., Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalVIC, Australia; Pigozzi, F., International Federation of Sports Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Wang, G., FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	The general consensus among sport and exercise genetics researchers is that genetic tests have no role to play in talent identification or the individualised prescription of training to maximise performance. Despite the lack of evidence, recent years have witnessed the rise of an emerging market of direct-toconsumer marketing (DTC) tests that claim to be able to identify children's athletic talents. Targeted consumers include mainly coaches and parents. There is concern among the scientific community that the current level of knowledge is being misrepresented for commercial purposes. There remains a lack of universally accepted guidelines and legislation for DTC testing in relation to all forms of genetic testing and not just for talent identification. There is concern over the lack of clarity of information over which specific genes or variants are being tested and the almost universal lack of appropriate genetic counselling for the interpretation of the genetic data to consumers. Furthermore independent studies have identified issues relating to quality control by DTC laboratories with different results being reported from samples from the same individual. Consequently, in the current state of knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to DTC genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents. Large scale collaborative projects, may help to develop a stronger scientific foundation on these issues in the future.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954481963	The role of emotions on pacing strategies and performance in middle and long duration sport events	Baron B., Moullan F., Deruelle F., Noakes T.D.	2011	British Journal of Sports Medicine	45	6	10.1136/bjsm.2009.059964	Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France; Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motricité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'EP, Université de Lille 2, Ronchin, France; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Département STAPS, Université de La Réunion, 117 rue du Général Ailleret, 97430 Le Tampon, France	Baron, B., Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France, Département STAPS, Université de La Réunion, 117 rue du Général Ailleret, 97430 Le Tampon, France; Moullan, F., Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France; Deruelle, F., Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motricité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'EP, Université de Lille 2, Ronchin, France; Noakes, T.D., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa	The pacing strategy may be defined as the process in which the total energy expenditure during exercise is regulated on a moment-to-moment basis in order to ensure that the exercise bout can be completed in a minimum time and without a catastrophic biological failure. Experienced athletes develop a stable template of the power outputs they are able to sustain for different durations of exercise, but it is not known how they originally develop this template or how that template changes with training and experience. While it is understood that the athlete's physiological state makes an important contribution to this process, there has been much less interest in the contribution that the athlete's emotional status makes. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature of physiological, neurophysiological and perceptual responses during exercise in order to propose a complex model interpretation of this process which may be a critical factor determining success in middle-and longduration sporting competitions. We describe unconscious/physiological and conscious/emotional mechanisms of control, the focus of which are to ensure that exercise terminates before catastrophic failure occurs in any bodily system. We suggest that training sessions teach the athlete to select optimal pacing strategies by associating a level of emotion with the ability to maintain that pace for exercise of different durations. That pacing strategy is then adopted in future events. Finally, we propose novel perspectives to maximise performance and to avoid overtraining by paying attention also to the emotional state in training process.	None	arousal; athletic performance; central nervous system; ego development; emotion; energy metabolism; exercise; homeostasis; human; memory; motivation; physiology; psychological aspect; review; sport; Arousal; Athletic Performance; Central Nervous System; Emotions; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Homeostasis; Humans; Memory; Motivation; Sports; Unconscious (Psychology)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054051704	Cognition and performance: Anxiety, mood and perceived exertion among Ironman triathletes	Parry D., Chinnasamy C., Papadopoulou E., Noakes T., Micklewright D.	2011	British Journal of Sports Medicine	45	14	10.1136/bjsm.2010.072637	Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Parry, D., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Chinnasamy, C., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Papadopoulou, E., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Noakes, T., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Micklewright, D., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom	Objective The authors examined the changing patterns of mood before and after an Ironman triathlon, and the relationships between expected performance outcomes, perception of effort and pacing. Design Twelve participants in the 2008 Ironman Austria triathlon competition were studied before, during and after the event. Each participant completed measures of mood, anxiety and perceived exertion, while pacing was calculated from offi cial race timings at various points on the course. Results Positive correlations were found between distance covered and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during each of the individual disciplines, and also between RPE and the percentage of overall race time completed (r=0.826, p<0.001). A negative correlation was found between average speed and distance covered during the run segment (r=-0.911, p<0.005) with pace gradually declining. Differences occurred in the profi le of mood states mood subscales of tension and fatigue between the baseline, prerace and postrace trials. Somatic anxiety was higher before the race compared with baseline measures. Discussion RPE followed a linear progression of RPE during each discipline followed by a re-setting of the perception of effort at the start of the next discipline. The increase in RPE for the entire event followed a linear increase. The linear decline in run pace is consistent with a recent model in which expected RPE is used to modulate pacing. Anxiety and mood responses of participants in this study indicate that the emotional response of athletes before and after ultra-endurance exercise is closely aligned with their conscious thoughts.	None	adult; affect; analysis of variance; anxiety; article; athlete; athletic performance; Austria; bicycle; cognition; female; human; male; perception; psychological aspect; questionnaire; running; sport; swimming; Adult; Affect; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Austria; Bicycling; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Perception; Questionnaires; Running; Sports; Swimming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84555189394	The Central Governor Model in 2012: Eight new papers deepen our understanding of the regulation of human exercise performance	Noakes T.D.	2012	British Journal of Sports Medicine	46	1	10.1136/bjsports-2011-090811	Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Newlands 7725, South Africa	Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Newlands 7725, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84655167109	Perceptual cues in the regulation of exercise performance-physical sensations of exercise and awareness of effort interact as separate cues	Swart J., Robert Lindsay T., Ian Lambert M., Craig Brown J., David Noakes T.	2012	British Journal of Sports Medicine	46	1	10.1136/bjsports-2011-090337	Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa	Swart, J., Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa; Robert Lindsay, T., Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa; Ian Lambert, M., Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa; Craig Brown, J., Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa; David Noakes, T., Department of Human Biology, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7725, South Africa	It has been argued that the physical sensations induced by exercise, measured as the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), are distinct from the sense of effort. This study aimed to determine whether a new measure of task effort - The Task Effort and Awareness (TEA) score-is able to measure sensations distinct from those included in the conventional RPE scale. Seven well-trained cyclists completed a maximal effort 100 km time trial (TT) and a submaximal trial at 70% of the power sustained during the TT (70% TT). Five maximal 1 km sprints were included in both trials. Both the RPE related solely to physical sensation (P-RPE) and the TEA score increased during the TT and were linearly related. During the 70% TT, both P-RPE and TEA scores increased, but TEA increased significantly less than P-RPE (p<0.001). TEA scores reached maximal values in all 1 km sprints in both the maximal TT and 70% TT, whereas the RPE increased progressively, reaching a maximal value only in the final 1 km sprints in both the TT and the 70% TT. These results indicate that the physical sensations of effort measured as the P-RPE act as the template regulating performance during exercise and that deviation from that template produces an increase in the sense of effort measured by the TEA score. Together, these controls ensure that the chosen exercise intensity does not threaten bodily homeostasis. Our findings also explain why submaximal exercise conducted within the constraints of the template P-RPE does not produce any conscious awareness of effort.	None	adult; article; association; awareness; bicycle; exercise; exercise test; heart rate; human; male; oxygen consumption; physiology; psychological aspect; sensation; Adult; Awareness; Bicycling; Cues; Exercise; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion; Sensation; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349921013	Exercising with reserve: Evidence that the central nervous system regulates prolonged exercise performance	Swart J., Lamberts R.P., Lambert M.I., St Clair Gibson A., Lambert E.V., Skowno J., Noakes T.D.	2009	British Journal of Sports Medicine	43	10	10.1136/bjsm.2008.055889	Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; School of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Sports Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthesia, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Swart, J., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Lamberts, R.P., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; St Clair Gibson, A., School of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Sports Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Lambert, E.V., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Skowno, J., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa	Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of an amphetamine (methylphenidate) on exercise performance at a fixed rating of perceived exertion of 16. Methods: Eight elite cyclists ingested 10 mg methylphenidate in a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Results: Compared with placebo, subjects receiving methylphenidate cycled for approximately 32% longer before power output fell to 70% of the starting value. At the equivalent time at which the placebo trial terminated, subjects receiving methylphenidate had significantly higher power outputs, oxygen consumptions, heart rates, ventilatory volumes and blood lactate concentrations although electromyographic activity remained unchanged. The ingestion of a centrally acting stimulant thus allowed subjects to exercise for longer at higher cardiorespiratory and metabolic stress indicating the presence of a muscular reserve in the natural state. Conclusions: This suggests that endurance performance is not only "limited" by mechanical failure of the exercising muscles ("peripheral fatigue"). Rather performance during prolonged endurance exercise under normal conditions is highly regulated by the central nervous system to ensure that whole-body homeostasis is protected and an emergency reserve is always present.	None	amphetamine; glucose; lactic acid; methylphenidate; placebo; central stimulant agent; glucose blood level; lactic acid derivative; methylphenidate; adult; article; athlete; central nervous system; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; crossover procedure; cycling; drug effect; electromyography; endurance; exercise; exercise test; glucose blood level; heart rate; human; lactate blood level; metabolic stress; normal human; oxygen consumption; perception; physical performance; randomized controlled trial; rating of perceived exertion; rating scale; athletic performance; blood; central nervous system; drug effects; exercise; metabolism; physiology; Adult; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Blood Glucose; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cross-Over Studies; Electromyography; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactates; Methylphenidate; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Adult; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Blood Glucose; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cross-Over Studies; Electromyography; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Lactates; Methylphenidate; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250025377	Influence of moderate dehydration on soccer performance: Physiological responses to 45 min of outdoor match-play and the immediate subsequent performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests	Edwards A.M., Mann M.E., Marfell-Jones M.J., Rankin D.M., Noakes T.D., Shillington D.P.	2007	British Journal of Sports Medicine	41	6	10.1136/bjsm.2006.033860	Department of Human Performance, Faculty of Health Science Technology, UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Leeds Metropolitan University, Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds, United Kingdom; UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Edwards, A.M., Department of Human Performance, Faculty of Health Science Technology, UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand, Leeds Metropolitan University, Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds, United Kingdom, UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Mann, M.E., UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Marfell-Jones, M.J., UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Rankin, D.M., UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Shillington, D.P., UCOL Institute of Technology, Palmerston North, New Zealand	Objective: To determine whether moderate water loss (∼1.5-2% of body mass (BM)) represents a significant impairment to soccer match-play and the related fitness variables. Methods: 11 moderately active male soccer players (mean (SD) age 24.4 (3) years, BM 74.03 (10.5) kg, peak oxygen consumption 50.91 (4.0) ml/kg/min) volunteered to participate. The experimental procedure comprised: (1) a 45 min pre-match period of cycle ergometry exercise (90% of individual ventilatory threshold); (2) the completion of a 45 min soccer match; and (3) the immediate post-match performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests. The subjects completed the procedure on three occasions each in a different experimental condition (fluid intake (FL), no fluid (NF) and mouth rinse (MR)) in an individually randomised order. Core temperature (T c), heart rates, plasma and urine osmolalities, BM, sweat rates and heat storage were all measured. Results: The only condition-dependent difference during the match-play element of the protocol was a significantly increased Tc in the NF condition compared with the FL condition (39.28°C (0.35°C) and 38.8°C (0.47°C), respectively; p&lt;0.05). The immediate post-match performance of a sport-specific fitness test was significantly impaired where FL had been denied (p&lt;0.01). The post-test evaluation of rating of perceived exertion and thirst indicated that the NF condition was perceived to be the most challenging (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The condition-dependent differences in match-play and post-match tests demonstrate that moderate dehydration is detrimental to soccer performance. However, it remains unclear whether this could be attributable to water loss in itself or the negative psychological associations derived from a greater perception of effort in that condition.	None	adult; article; body mass; controlled study; core temperature; dehydration; dynamic exercise; exercise physiology; fitness; fluid intake; heart rate; human; human experiment; male; mental concentration; plasma osmolality; psychological aspect; sporting event; sweating; thermoregulation; thirst; urine osmolality; water loss; Adult; Attention; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Drinking; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Plasma; Soccer; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Urine; Water Loss, Insensible	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644843882	Growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene and performance and post-race rectal temperature during the South African Ironman triathlon	Walpole B., Noakes T.D., Collins M.	2006	British Journal of Sports Medicine	40	2	10.1136/bjsm.2005.020669	Medical Research Council of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Walpole, B., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Collins, M., Medical Research Council of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Some studies have suggested that the insertion allele of the ACE gene is associated with endurance performance, including the Ironman triathlon. It is possible that this association is due to genetic linkage between the ACE I/D locus and the T/A variant in intron 4 of the neighbouring GH1 gene. The A variant is associated with lower levels of growth hormone production. Growth hormone has multiple effects, especially on metabolism during exercise and recovery from exercise. Its production during exercise has also been shown to stimulate sweat rate and heat loss. Objective: To determine whether the GH1 gene is associated with the performance and/or post-race rectal temperatures of competitors in the South African Ironman triathlon. Methods: A total of 169 of the fastest finishing white male triathletes who completed the 2000 and/or 2001 South African Ironman triathlon and 155 control subjects were genotyped for the T/A variant in the GH1 gene. Post-race rectal temperature was also determined in 103 of these triathletes. Results: There was no significant difference in the frequency of this polymorphism in the GH1 gene when the fastest finishing triathletes were compared with the control subjects. Post-race rectal temperatures were, however, significantly higher in those triathletes with an AA genotype (mean (SD) 37.7 (0.8) °C) compared with those with a TT genotype (37.2 (0.8) °C) (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The T/A polymorphism in intron 4 of the GH1 gene was not associated with performance of the fastest finishers of the South African Ironman triathlon. Post-race rectal temperatures were, however, significantly higher in the fastest finishing athletes, who were homozygous for a GH1 genotype associated with lower growth hormone production.	None	dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; DNA; growth hormone; adult; age; article; athlete; body mass; Caucasian; controlled study; DNA polymorphism; endurance; gene; gene frequency; gene insertion; genotype; GH1 gene; growth hormone release; human; male; normal human; physical performance; polymerase chain reaction; rectum temperature; South Africa; triathlon; Adult; Alleles; Bicycling; Body Temperature Regulation; DNA; Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Physical Endurance; Running; South Africa; Sports; Swimming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942834771	Brain stimulation modulates the autonomic nervous system, rating of perceived exertion and performance during maximal exercise	Okano A.H., Fontes E.B., Montenegro R.A., De Tarso Veras Farinatti P., Cyrino E.S., Li L.M., Bikson M., Noakes T.D.	2015	British Journal of Sports Medicine	49	18	10.1136/bjsports-2012-091658	Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Physical Education and Sports Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Center of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Parana, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York of CUNY, New York, New York, United States; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa	Okano, A.H., Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Fontes, E.B., Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Montenegro, R.A., Physical Education and Sports Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; De Tarso Veras Farinatti, P., Physical Education and Sports Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Cyrino, E.S., Center of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Parana, Brazil; Li, L.M., Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Bikson, M., Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York of CUNY, New York, New York, United States; Noakes, T.D., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa	Background The temporal and insular cortex (TC, IC) have been associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) control and the awareness of emotional feelings from the body. Evidence shows that the ANS and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) regulate exercise performance. Non-invasive brain stimulation can modulate the cortical area directly beneath the electrode related to ANS and RPE, but it could also affect subcortical areas by connection within the corticocortical neural networks. This study evaluated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the TC on the ANS, RPE and performance during a maximal dynamic exercise. Methods Ten trained cyclists participated in this study (33±9 years; 171.5±5.8 cm; 72.8±9.5 kg; 10-11 training years). After 20-min of receiving either anodal tDCS applied over the left TC (T3) or sham stimulation, subjects completed a maximal incremental cycling exercise test. RPE, heart rate (HR) and R-R intervals (as a measure of ANS function) were recorded continuously throughout the tests. Peak power output (PPO) was recorded at the end of the tests. Results With anodal tDCS, PPO improved by ~4% (anodal tDCS: 313.2±29.9 vs 301.0±19.8 watts: sham tDCS; p=0.043), parasympathetic vagal withdrawal was delayed (anodal tDCS: 147.5±53.3 vs 125.0±35.4 watts: sham tDCS; p=0.041) and HR was reduced at submaximal workloads. RPE also increased more slowly during exercise following anodal tDCS application, but maximal RPE and HR values were not affected by cortical stimulation. Conclusions The findings suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation over the TC modulates the ANS activity and the sensory perception of effort and exercise performance, indicating that the brain plays a crucial role in the exercise performance regulation.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846269648	The effect of breathing an ambient low-density, hyperoxic gas on the perceived effort of breathing and maximal performance of exercise in well-trained athletes	Ansley L., Petersen D., Thomas A., St Clair Gibson A., Robson-Ansley P., Noakes T.D.	2007	British Journal of Sports Medicine	41	1	10.1136/bjsm.2006.026989	School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom; National Hyperbarics, Fairfield Suites, Kingsbury Hospital, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom	Ansley, L., School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom; Petersen, D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Thomas, A., National Hyperbarics, Fairfield Suites, Kingsbury Hospital, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; St Clair Gibson, A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Robson-Ansley, P., Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The role of the perception of breathing effort in the regulation of performance of maximal exercise remains unclear. Aims: To determine whether the perceived effort of ventilation is altered through substituting a less dense gas for normal ambient air and whether this substitution affects performance of maximal incremental exercise in trained athletes. Methods: Eight highly trained cyclists (mean SD) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) = 69.9 (7.9) (mlO2/kg/min) performed two randomised maximal tests in a hyperbaric chamber breathing ambient air composed of either 35% O2/65% N2 (nitrox) or 35% O 2/65% He (heliox). A ramp protocol was used in which power output was incremented at 0.5 W/s. The trials were separated by at least 48 h. The perceived effort of breathing was obtained via Borg Category Ratio Scales at 3-min intervals and at fatigue. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation (VE) were monitored continuously. Results: Breathing heliox did not change the sensation of dyspnoea: there were no differences between trials for the Borg scales at any time point. Exercise performance was not different between the nitrox and heliox trials (peak power output = 451 (58) and 453 (56) W), nor was VO2max (4.96 (0.61) and 4.88 (0.65) I/ min) or maximal VE (157 (24) and 163 (22) l/min). Between-trial variability in peak power output was less than either VO2max or maximal VE. Conclusion: Breathing a less dense gas does not improve maximal performance of exercise or reduce the perception of breathing effort in highly trained athletes, although an attenuated submaximal tidal volume and VE with a concomitant reduction in VO2 suggests an improved gas exchange and reduced O2 cost of ventilation when breathing heliox.	None	heliox; nitrogen; oxygen; adult; article; athlete; breathing mechanics; controlled study; dyspnea; exercise; exhaustion; fatigue; human; human experiment; oxygen consumption; training; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Analysis of Variance; Bicycling; Ergometry; Exercise Test; Helium; Humans; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Respiration; Single-Blind Method	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349921261	Which lap is the slowest? An analysis of 32 world mile record performances	Noakes T.D., Lambert M.I., Hauman R.	2009	British Journal of Sports Medicine	43	10	10.1136/bjsm.2008.046763	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Association of Track and Field Statisticians, Parow, South Africa; Association of Road Running Statisticians, Parow, South Africa; UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa	Noakes, T.D., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hauman, R., Association of Track and Field Statisticians, Parow, South Africa, Association of Road Running Statisticians, Parow, South Africa	Objectives: The pacing strategies adopted by world-record breakers during the 1-mile footrace in order to evaluate different models for the biological basis of pacing was determined in this study. Methods: Lap times in 32 world record performances were analysed. Average times for each of the four laps and as percentages of total race time were calculated. Results: The slowest laps in 90% of races were either the second (34%) or the third (56%) laps. In only two (6%) records was the final lap the slowest, whereas in 24 (76%), it was either the fastest (38%) or the second fastest (38%) lap. Mean times for the second and third laps were both significantly slower than were times for the first or final laps, but there was no significant difference in times for the first and final lap. Conclusion: The finding that world record beaters run the final lap in their quickest mile races faster than the second and third laps matches findings for races at longer distances. The presence of this "end spurt" suggests that the pacing strategy is regulated "in anticipation" and is not purely the result of a developing "peripheral fatigue".	None	achievement; article; athlete; competition; exercise; fatigue; human; physical performance; running; sport; time; athletic performance; male; physiology; running; time; track and field; trends; Athletic Performance; Humans; Male; Running; Time; Track and Field	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923170948	Prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in distal cholangiocarcinoma	Kiriyama M., Ebata T., Aoba T., Kaneoka Y., Arai T., Shimizu Y., Nagino M., Fukami Y., Miyake H., Sakamoto E., Takara D., Shirai K., Ohira S., Tojima Y., Hashimoto M., Akutagawa A., Yamaguchi R., Morofuji N., Kawahara T., Asaba Y., Mizuno S., Kawai S., Ya	2015	British Journal of Surgery	102	4	10.1002/bjs.9752	Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of General Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan; Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan; Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan; Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan; Gifu Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Kumiai Hospital, Takayama, Japan; Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Shizuoka Kosei Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan; Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Tokai Municipal Hospital, Tokai, South Africa; Yachiyo Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Chita City Hospital, Chita, Russian Federation	Kiriyama, M., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Ebata, T., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Aoba, T., Department of General Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Kaneoka, Y., Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan; Arai, T., Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Shimizu, Y., Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Nagino, M., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Fukami, Y., Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan; Miyake, H., Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Sakamoto, E., Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Takara, D., Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan; Shirai, K., Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan; Ohira, S., Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan; Tojima, Y., Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Hashimoto, M., Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Akutagawa, A., Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Yamaguchi, R., Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan; Morofuji, N., Gifu Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Kumiai Hospital, Takayama, Japan; Kawahara, T., Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Asaba, Y., Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Mizuno, S., Shizuoka Kosei Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Kawai, S., Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan; Yamamoto, H., Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Ikuta, K., Tokai Municipal Hospital, Tokai, South Africa; Matsubara, H., Yachiyo Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Watanabe, T., Chita City Hospital, Chita, Russian Federation	Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma using three different classifications. Methods: Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma in 24 hospitals in Japan between 2001 and 2010 were included. Survival was calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between subgroups were assessed with the log rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. χ2 scores were calculated to determine the cut-off value of the number of involved nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR) and total lymph node count (TLNC) for discriminating survival. Results: Some 370 patients were included. The median (range) TLNC was 19 (3-59). Nodal metastasis occurred in 157 patients (42.4 per cent); the median (range) number of involved nodes and LNR were 2 (1-19) and 0-11 (0.02-0.80) respectively. Four or more involved nodes was associated with a significantly shorter median survival (1.3 versus 2.2years; P = 0.001), as was a LNR of at least 0.17 (1.4 versus 2.3years; P = 0.002). Involvement of nodes along the common hepatic artery, present in 21 patients (13.4 per cent), was also associated with a shorter survival (median 1.3 versus 2.1years; P = 0.046). Multivariable analysis among 157 node-positive patients identified the number of involved nodes as an independent prognostic factor (risk ratio 1.87; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The number of involved nodes was a strong predictor of survival in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma. © 2015 BJS Society Ltd.	None	adult; aged; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cholangiocarcinoma; clinical trial; conservative treatment; female; human; intrahepatic bile duct; Japan; Kaplan Meier method; lymph node; lymph node dissection; lymph node metastasis; male; middle aged; mortality; multicenter study; pancreaticoduodenectomy; pathology; procedures; prognosis; prospective study; secondary; very elderly; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Japan; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Sparing Treatments; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Prognosis; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42149087700	Effects of dietary phytase on performance and nutrient metabolism in chickens	Pirgozliev V., Oduguwa O., Acamovic T., Bedford M.R.	2008	British Poultry Science	49	2	10.1080/00071660801961447	ASRC, SAC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; ASRC, SAC, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr, KA6 5HW, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; AB Vista Feed	Pirgozliev, V., ASRC, SAC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, ASRC, SAC, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr, KA6 5HW, United Kingdom; Oduguwa, O., ASRC, SAC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Acamovic, T., Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Bedford, M.R., Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Woodstock Court, Blenheim Rd., Marlborough Bus. Pk., Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom	A broiler growth study was conducted to compare the effect of different concentrations of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase on performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), nitrogen (N), amino acid and mineral metabolisability, sialic acid excretion and villus morphology when fed to broiler chickens. 2.Female Ross 308 broilers (480) were reared in floor pens from 0 to 28 d of age. All birds were fed on nutritionally complete starter (0 to 21 d of age) and grower diets (21 to 28 d of age) with the exception that they were low in P (28 and 23 g/kg available P, respectively). These maize-soy diets were supplemented with 0, 250, 500 or 2500 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed. 3.Between 21 and 28 d of age, two birds from each floor pen were selected, and each pair placed in one of 32 metabolism cages (two birds per cage). Feed intake was recorded and excreta collected for the last 2 d of the feeding period, and AME, N, amino acid and mineral metabolisability coefficients and endogenous losses were determined following a total collection procedure. 4.Feed intake and weight gain increased in a linear manner in response to phytase dose, with an average increase of approximately 117 and 135%, respectively, compared with chickens fed on the low-P diet. Birds given diets with 2500 FTU weighed 66% more and had a 24% higher feed conversion efficiency (FCE) than those fed on diets containing 500 FTU. 5.Enzyme supplementation increased the intake of AME and metabolisable N by 103 and 39%, respectively, principally through increases in feed intake. Birds given enzyme-supplemented diets also improved their intake of metabolisable amino acids and P by approximately 14 and 124%, respectively, compared with birds fed on the control diet. Enzyme supplementation did not affect ileal villus morphometry of the birds.	None	amino acid; mineral; phytase; animal; animal food; article; chemistry; chicken; comparative study; diet; eating; enzymology; Escherichia coli; feces; female; growth, development and aging; metabolism; weight gain; 6-Phytase; Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Escherichia coli; Feces; Female; Minerals; Weight Gain; Aves; Escherichia coli; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951744731	Effect of wet feeding on growth performance of broiler chickens in a hot climate	Dei H.K., Bumbie G.Z.	2011	British Poultry Science	52	1	10.1080/00071668.2010.540230	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, PO Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana	Dei, H.K., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, PO Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana; Bumbie, G.Z., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, PO Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana	1. The Guinea Savanna in the tropics is characterised by high diurnal temperatures, often beyond the thermo-neutral zone of modern poultry, which imposes heat stress on them. 2. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partially (12 h wet mash in the day and 12 h dry mash in the night) or wholly (24 h) feeding wet mash on the growth performance of broiler chickens. 3. Three treatments: dry mash (control), wet mash (day) + dry mash (night) and wet mash (day+night) were tested. At 28 d of age, a total of 120 broiler chickens (Hybro, Netherlands) were randomly divided, using a completely randomised design, into 12 groups of 10 birds, each with mean live weight of approximately 800 g/bird. A maize-soybean based grower mash (200 g CP/kg and 12·5 MJ/kg ME) was fed. The wet mash was prepared daily by addition of 1·3 parts of water to 1 part of dry mash and fed from 28 to 56 d of age. The birds were housed in raised-floor pens. Feed and water were given ad libitum and light provided 24 h. Mean daily room temperature was 28-29°C in the morning and 35-41°C in the afternoon. 4. Mean feed intake of birds fed the wet mash (174 g/day) or wet + dry mash (166 g/day) was higher than that of birds fed the dry mash (152 g/day). Mean live weight gain of birds fed the wet mash (64 g/day) or wet + dry mash (64 g/day) was higher than that of birds fed the dry mash (58 g/day). There were no differences in gain/feed ratios (0·38-0·39) of any of the treatments, neither were there any differences between the feeding of wet mash partly or wholly for all variables. 5. It was concluded that wet feeding, particularly during day-time, had the potential to improve growth performance of broiler chickens in a hot climate. © 2011 British Poultry Science Ltd.	None	water; animal; animal food; article; chicken; eating; evaluation; Ghana; growth, development and aging; maize; metabolism; physiological stress; soybean; tropic climate; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Eating; Ghana; Soybeans; Stress, Physiological; Tropical Climate; Water; Weight Gain; Zea mays; Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Zea mays; Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919718771	Growth performance of crossbred naked neck and normal feathered laying hens kept in tropical villages	Adomako K., Olympio O.S., Hagan J.K., Hamidu J.A.	2014	British Poultry Science	55	6	10.1080/00071668.2014.960805	Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Adomako, K., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Olympio, O.S., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hamidu, J.A., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	Abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to develop naked neck (Na/na) and normal feathered (na/na) crossbreds and compare their growth performance, linear body measurements and carcass characteristics in the first and second filial generations.2. In the first experiment, 4 indigenous naked neck males (Na/na) were mated to 36 Lohmann commercial females (na/na) in a ratio of 1:9. The two genotypes (Na/na, na/na) were allocated randomly according to batches of hatch, sire lines and sex to three different villages.3. In the second experiment, 10 males and 100 females of F1 Na/na birds were selected and mated inter se in a ratio of 1:10. The three genotypes (Na/Na, Na/na and na/na) were compared in a randomised complete block design experiment, with the three villages, hatch and sex as blocks and the three genotypes as treatments. F1 Na/na birds had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight, body weight gain, linear body measurements, survivability and carcass yield than their na/na counterparts.4. In the F2 generation, Na/Na and Na/na birds had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight, body weight gain, linear body measurements, survivability and carcass yield compared to their na/na counterparts.5. The birds showing the naked neck phenotype appeared to show superior performance compared to normal feathered birds and could be exploited for potential utilisation in local poultry production. © 2014, © 2014 British Poultry Science Ltd.	None	Aves; anatomy and histology; animal; animal husbandry; body weight; chicken; feather; female; genetics; Ghana; growth, development and aging; hybridization; male; neck; physiology; tropic climate; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Feathers; Female; Ghana; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Neck; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895778746	Evaluation of urban residential thermal comfort in relation to indoor and outdoor air temperatures in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adunola A.O.	2014	Building and Environment	75	None	10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.02.007	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Adunola, A.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	A thermal comfort survey was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Ten percent (12) of the 119 neighbourhoods identified from the metropolitan map were selected by stratified random sampling comprising 2 low, 3 medium and 7 high residential densities. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 528 houses within these neighbourhoods for the survey. Indoor and outdoor measurements of air temperature and other relevant climatic elements were carried out in representative buildings within the neighbourhoods. For each selected building, an adult resident filled a questionnaire indicating the indoor thermal response at different periods of the day using the ASHRAE thermal comfort scale. Significant variations of air temperature and thermal response manifested across the residential densities and neighbourhoods. The air temperature variation across the neighbourhoods was found to be influenced by the different neighbourhood characteristics. Maximum values of measured outdoor and indoor temperatures ranged from 34.1°C to 36.9°C and from 32.5°C to 35°C respectively. The reduction in maximum temperatures from outdoor to indoor was in the range of 1.6-1.9°C. The variation of temperature across residential densities was found to affect indoor thermal comfort. It was inferred that the urban microclimate had impact on the indoor comfort of residents. Mean comfort vote was related to indoor and outdoor temperature by linear equations. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Air temperature; Thermal comfort; Tropical climate; Urban microclimate	Housing; Space heating; Surveys; Thermal comfort; Air temperature; Air temperature variations; Indoor and outdoor airs; Indoor thermal comfort; Outdoor measurements; Stratified random sampling; Tropical climates; Urban microclimate; Atmospheric temperature; air temperature; building; indoor air; neighborhood; tropical environment; urban climate; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748942478	Key performance indicators and assessment methods for infrastructure sustainability-a South African construction industry perspective	Ugwu O.O., Haupt T.C.	2007	Building and Environment	42	2	10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.018	Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Southern African Built Environment Research Center (SABERC), Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) Bellville, South Africa	Ugwu, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Haupt, T.C., Southern African Built Environment Research Center (SABERC), Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) Bellville, South Africa	This paper identifies key performance indicators (KPI) for infrastructure delivery and maps computational methods required to achieve sustainability objectives in developing countries. It builds on previous research that developed taxonomy of infrastructure sustainability indicators and computational methods, to propose an analytical decision model and a structured methodology for sustainability appraisal in infrastructure projects in a developing country like South Africa. The paper uses the 'weighted sum model' technique in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and the 'additive utility model' in analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for multi-criteria decision-making, to develop the model for computing the sustainability index-a crisp value for evaluating infrastructure design proposals. It discusses the development of the KPIs that are encapsulated within the analytical model. It concludes by discussing other potential applications of the proposed model and methodology for process automation as part of integrated sustainability appraisal in infrastructure design and construction in developing countries. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Design for sustainability; Developing countries; Key performance indicators (KPI); Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); South africa; Susaip framework; Sustainability index; Sustainability science; Utility model	Computational methods; Construction industry; Developing countries; Mathematical models; Sustainable development; Infrastructure sustainability; Key performance indicators (KPI); Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); Sustainability index; Sustainability science; Structural design; Computational methods; Construction industry; Developing countries; Mathematical models; Structural design; Sustainable development; architectural design; construction industry; decision analysis; developing world; infrastructure; infrastructure planning; modeling; performance assessment; sustainability; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919926483	Outdoor ventilation performance of various configurations of a layout of two adjacent buildings under isothermal conditions	Ayo S.A., Mohd-Ghazali N., Mansor S.	2015	Building Simulation	8	1	10.1007/s12273-014-0195-2	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Ayo, S.A., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mohd-Ghazali, N., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Mansor, S., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	This paper explores the pedestrian-level wind environment around two buildings of unequal heights for the effects of ratio of height of upwind building to that of downwind building, referred to as buildings height ratio, spacing distance between the buildings, and direction of ambient wind, on the outdoor air ventilation. The objective is to propose appropriate spacing distances for various configurations of this type of buildings layout in a suburban area of Kuala Lumpur, which would enable harnessing the full ventilation potential of the local wind conditions. A three-dimensional numerical technique employing computational fluid dynamics simulation of continuity and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations was used to study the turbulent flow field around the full-scale sizes of the buildings. Results indicate the influence of spacing distance between buildings, relative heights of the buildings and direction of ambient wind on outdoor ventilation. Results also show that 3-D turbulent flow processes such as lateral and secondary flows play significant roles in defining the wind flow pattern and ventilation availability. The perpendicular wind direction presents remarkable adverse effects compared to the inclined direction, while a higher upwind building height which would ordinarily be expected to proportionally obstruct wind flow could be of advantage, at low values of building height ratios, in enhancing outdoor ventilation. The findings established the need to give consideration to climatic factors such as wind flow and direction in planning urban cities, as it affects buildings to be situated in close proximity, especially when there is height difference. © 2014, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	appropriate spacing distance; computational fluid dynamics; height ratio; outdoor air ventilation; two-building layout; wind direction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922350955	Land suitability for specific crop ranges using dynamic land suitability evaluation guidelines for small-scale communal irrigation schemes	Nethononda L.O., Odhiambo J.J.O., Paterson D.G.	2014	Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science	20	6	None	Department of Soil Science, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Madzivhandila College of Agriculture, Thohoyandou, South Africa; ARC- Institute for Soil Climate and Water, Pretoria, South Africa	Nethononda, L.O., Department of Soil Science, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa, Madzivhandila College of Agriculture, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Odhiambo, J.J.O., Department of Soil Science, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Paterson, D.G., ARC- Institute for Soil Climate and Water, Pretoria, South Africa	Small-scale communal irrigation schemes that are not top-down managed comprise an important agricultural activity in many deep rural areas of South Africa. Farmers in these irrigation schemes, rely on basic indigenous knowledge of soil, climate and empirical observations of crop performance to make crop production decisions. Such knowledge is not sufficient to make appropriate land use decisions on crop suitability. Land suitability evaluation systems and approaches used in South Africa are often geared to commercial skilled farmers with better knowledge and technological resources for crop production. Objective of the study was to assess land suitability for specific crop ranges at Rambuda irrigation scheme using dynamic land suitability guidelines for small-scale irrigation schemes. The first step in these guidelines is community engagement through consultations and ensuring community participation in land utilization choices. This is followed by detailed survey of biophysical resources and assessment by matching land utilization type requirements and tolerances against land characteristics or qualities of each mapping unit to generate suitability ratings. Results showed that majority of mapping units were well suited (WS) and suited (S) for majority of specific crop ranges and only mapping unit Ao was marginally suited (MS) for citrus because of crusting, prone to compaction, crusting and moderate drainage. Dynamic land suitability evaluation guidelines were successful for assessing land suitability for specific crop ranges at Rambuda irrigations and will have to be tested in other irrigation schemes under different socio-cultural and biophysical conditions. © 2014, National Centre for Agrarian Sciences. All rights reserved.	Dynamic land suitability guidelines; Irrigation scheme; Specific crop ranges; Suitability rating	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350316807	Field performance of VST SHAKTI power tiller on sawah rice plots in Nigeria and Ghana	Ademiluyi S.Y., Oladele O.I.	2008	Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science	14	5	None	National Center for Agricultural Mecahnisation, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Belgium	Ademiluyi, S.Y., National Center for Agricultural Mecahnisation, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Belgium	ADEMILUYI, S. Y. and O. I. OLADELE, 2008. Field performance of VST SHAKTI power tiller on sawah rice plots in Nigeria and Ghana. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 14: 517-522 The paper reports the Field performance of VST SHAKTI power tiller on sawah rice plots in Nigeria and Ghana. This is based on the fact that power tillers were re- introduced in Nigerian agriculture in 2001 by Water shed Initiatives Nigeria by importing few units for sawah rice production technology. The field performance evaluation of the model was carried out in different rice fields located at Shaba-Maliki and Ejeti village near Bida on a clayey loamy, sandy soil, under the guinea savannah ecology of Nigeria. The process was repeated in Biemo No1 and Adugyma in Ghana. These study sites are located about 40 kilometers northwest of Kumasi on the Kumasi - Sunyani main road in Ahafo Ano South District which is at the north-western part of the Ashanti Region. The result shows that 93% and 92% were recorded for field efficiency at Ejeti and Shaba-Maliki respectively. The difference in effective field capacity obtained at Shaba- Maliki (0.089 ha/hr) and Ejeti (0.047 ha/hr) was due to the variation in the average time of operation, the operational time at Ejeti (21.7 hr/ha) almost doubles that of Shaba-Maliki (13.15 hr/ha). In Ghana the field efficiency of VST SHAKTI 130D1 power tillers Biemso 1 and Adugyma were 80.52% and 82%. On the other hand, the effective field capacity are 0.15 ha/hr and 0.11 ha/hr for Biemo1 and Adugyma; while the average time of operation are 7.92 hr/ha and 8.9 hr/ha respectively for the locations in Ghana. The results of One way analysis of variance for field performance of power tillers in 4 locations show that average time of operations only Ejeti is significantly different from the 3 other locations, while Adugyma and AhabaMaliki, the effective field capacity differs significantly from Biemso and Ejeti. In terms of field efficiency, Biemso 1 is significantly different from Adugyma but not any difference between Ejeti and Shaba-Maliki. The means for slippage is highest in Ejeti and Shaba-Maliki though not significantly different between them but shows high significance difference between the locations in Ghana that is Biuemso 1 and Adugyma.	Field capacity; Field efficiency; Field performance; Sawah rice; Slippage; VST SHAKTI power tiller	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891160427	Performance of pyroclastic rocks from Abakaliki Metropolis (southeastern Nigeria) in road construction projects	Okogbue C.O., Aghamelu O.P.	2013	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	72	04-Mar	10.1007/s10064-013-0489-0	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Aghamelu, O.P., Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	A total of 15 samples from the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock bodies were subjected to petrographic and mechanical analyses to determine the suitability of the rock type as a road aggregate. Results indicate that the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock yield aggregates with marginal performance in road projects. Although the aggregates meet a number of road stone requirements (i.e., ten percent fines and their ability to absorb water), they fail to meet other key road stone requirements. Whilst their aggregate impact values, Los Angeles abrasion values, and flakiness index are generally above the recommended limits, petrographic analyses reveal appreciable amounts of shaley to muddy lithic fragment and volcanic glassy groundmass. These detrimental constituents and marginal laboratory test results would likely translate to long term poor field performance where the pyroclastic aggregate is used for road construction. This study suggests that utilization of the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock as an aggregate, especially for road construction, requires informed caution, particularly when the material is exposed to climatic extremes (high volume of rainfall and high and fluctuating temperature) as is the case in the tropics. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical property; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rock; Road aggregate	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical properties; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rocks; Road construction; Roads and streets; Rocks; Aggregates; aggregate; geotechnical property; petrography; pyroclastic deposit; road construction; rock mechanics; Abakaliki; California; Ebonyi; Los Angeles [California]; Nigeria; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960845624	Evaluation of groundwater resources in the Geba basin, Ethiopia	Tesfagiorgis K., Gebreyohannes T., De Smedt F., Moeyersons J., Hagos M., Nyssen J., Deckers J.	2011	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	70	3	10.1007/s10064-010-0338-3	Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; NOAA-CREST Center, City College of New York, T-107 Steinman Hall, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, United States; Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Division for Land and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium	Tesfagiorgis, K., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, NOAA-CREST Center, City College of New York, T-107 Steinman Hall, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, United States; Gebreyohannes, T., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; De Smedt, F., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Moeyersons, J., Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Hagos, M., Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Deckers, J., Division for Land and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium	This article presents an assessment of the groundwater resources in the Geba basin, Ethiopia. Hydrogeological characteristics are derived from a combination of GIS and field survey data. MODFLOW groundwater model in a PMWIN environment is used to simulate the movement and distribution of groundwater in the basin. Despite the limited data available, by simplifying the model as a single layered semi-confined groundwater system and by optimising the transmissivity of the different lithological units, a realistic description of the groundwater flow is obtained. It is concluded that 30,000 m3/day of groundwater can be abstracted from the Geba basin for irrigation in a sustainable way, in locations characterised by shallow groundwater in combination with aquitard-type lithological units. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Ethiopia; Geba basin; Groundwater modelling; Transmissivity	Ethiopia; Field surveys; Geba basin; Groundwater modelling; Groundwater models; Groundwater system; Hydrogeological characteristics; Limited data; MODFLOW; Shallow groundwater; Transmissivity; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Lithology; Groundwater resources; aquitard; computer simulation; field survey; flow modeling; GIS; groundwater abstraction; groundwater flow; groundwater resource; hydrological modeling; resource assessment; Ethiopia; Geba Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59749104398	Geophysical and hydrogeological evaluation of rising groundwater level in the coastal areas of Lagos, Nigeria	Oyedele K.F., Ayolabi E.A., Adeoti L., Adegbola R.B.	2009	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	68	1	10.1007/s10064-008-0182-x	Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Oyedele, K.F., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeoti, L., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbola, R.B., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	The paper reports the change in groundwater level observed in 30 wells in ten locations in southern Nigeria. Borehole data confirmed the electrical resistivity soundings which indicated the presence of topsoil, medium sand, sand, clayey sand and coarse sand. In some cases, there was little apparent change in the rate of groundwater rise, but from the data obtained it can be concluded that in the years 2000-2004 the average yearly rise was 0.3 m while between 2004 and 2007 it rose on average by 0.5 m. This rise in groundwater level has serious implications for both existing structures and the nature of the foundations for future building. The electrical resistivity survey was found to be a helpful tool in detailing the morphology of the groundwater surface and is recommended for ongoing monitoring. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Coastal aquifers; Electrical soundings; Geoelectric sections; Groundwater level	Aquifers; Coastal zones; Electric resistance; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Sand; Underground reservoirs; Clayey sands; Coastal aquifers; Coastal areas; Electrical resistivities; Electrical soundings; Existing structures; Geoelectric sections; Groundwater level; Hydrogeological; On-going monitoring; Hydrogeology; borehole geophysics; coastal aquifer; electrical resistivity; groundwater; hydrogeology; vertical electrical sounding; Africa; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36049012726	Evaluation and improvement of sticky traps as monitoring tools for Glossina austeni and G. brevipalpis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Green K.K., Venter G.J.	2007	Bulletin of Entomological Research	97	6	10.1017/S0007485307005238	Entomology Division, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Green, K.K., Entomology Division, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Venter, G.J., Entomology Division, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	The attractiveness of various colours, colour combinations and sizes of sticky traps of the 3-dimensional trap (3DT), cross-shaped target (XT), rectangular screen (RT) and monopanels were evaluated for their efficacy to capture Glossina austeni Newstead and G. brevipalpis Newstead in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The 3-dimensional shapes of the XT and 3DT in light blue (l.blue) and white were significantly (ca. 3.1-6.9 times) better than the RT for G. austeni. On bicoloured XTs, G. austeni landed preferentially on electric blue (e.blue) (58%) and black (63%) surfaces when used with white; while for G. brevipalpis, significantly more landed on e.blue (60-66%) surfaces when used with l.blue, black or white surfaces. Increased trap size increased the catches of G. brevipalpis females and both sexes of G. austeni significantly. Temoocid and polybutene sticky materials were equally effective and remained durable for 2-3 weeks. The glossy shine of trap surfaces did not have any significant effect on the attraction and landing responses of the two species. The overall trap efficiency of the e.blue/l.blue XT was 23% for G. brevipalpis and 28% for G. austeni, and that of the e.blue/black XT was 16% for G. brevipalpis and 51% for G. austeni. Larger monopanels, painted e.blue/black on both sides, increased the catches of G. austeni females significantly by up to four times compared to the standard e.blue/black XT. This monopanel would be recommended for use as a simple and cost effective survey tool for both species in South Africa. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.	Glossina spp.; South Africa; Sticky traps; Trap efficiency; Tsetse flies	adhesive agent; biological survey; capture method; comparative study; cost; efficiency measurement; monitoring; trap (equipment); tsetse fly; animal; article; color; environmental monitoring; equipment design; insect control; methodology; South Africa; tsetse fly; Adhesives; Animals; Color; Environmental Monitoring; Equipment Design; Insect Control; South Africa; Tsetse Flies; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Diptera; Glossina (genus); Glossina austeni; Glossina brevipalpis; Glossinidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646425590	Tomato fruit size, maturity and α-tomatine content influence the performance of larvae of potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)	Mulatu B., Applebaum S.W., Kerem Z., Coll M.	2006	Bulletin of Entomological Research	96	2	10.1079/BER2005412	Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel	Mulatu, B., Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Applebaum, S.W., Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Kerem, Z., Institute of Biochemistry Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Coll, M., Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel	Various physical and chemical properties of host plants influence insect larval performance and subsequent adult fitness. Tomato plants are relatively new hosts to the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), with the fruit being its preferred feeding site. However, it is unclear how the biochemical and physical properties of tomato fruits relate to potato tuber moth performance. Significant amounts of α-tomatine were detected in maturing green and ripening fruits of cherry (cv. Ceres) and processing (cv. Serio) types of tomatoes whereas none was detected in a fresh market variety (cv. Marglobe), at comparable stages. α-Tomatine is negatively and significantly correlated with development rate (head capsule size) of larvae reared in the fruits of the cherry and processing type tomatoes. Generally, survival, growth and development were significantly superior for larvae reared in the ripening fruits of the fresh market cultivar. At this stage, the fruits of this cultivar are also the largest. Based on these results it is concluded that fruit α-tomatine content, as well as fruit size and maturity, all affect performance of P. operculella larvae in the fruits of cultivated tomatoes. © CAB International, 2006.	Herbivory; Insect-plant interactions; Phthorimaea operculella; Potato tuber moth; Secondary plant compounds; Tomatine; Tomato	tomatine; cultivar; fruit production; growth and development; host plant; larval development; moth; analysis of variance; animal; article; body weight; chemistry; comparative study; drug effect; growth, development and aging; larva; Lepidoptera; parasitology; physiology; survival; tomato; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Larva; Lepidoptera; Lycopersicon esculentum; Survival Analysis; Tomatine; Ceres; Gelechiidae; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycopersicon esculentum; Phthorimaea operculella; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547096232	Impact of an exotic parasitoid on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) population dynamics, damage and indigenous natural enemies in Kenya	Löhr B., Gathu R., Kariuki C., Obiero J., Gichini G.	2007	Bulletin of Entomological Research	97	4	10.1017/S0007485307005068	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Katumani Research Centre, PO Box 340, 90700 Machakos, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Muguga Research Centre, PO Box 30148, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya	Löhr, B., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Gathu, R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Kariuki, C., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Katumani Research Centre, PO Box 340, 90700 Machakos, Kenya; Obiero, J., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Muguga Research Centre, PO Box 30148, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Gichini, G., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya	Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Hymenoptera: lchneumonidae), an exotic diamondback moth parasitoid, was released in two pilot areas (Werugha in Coast Region and Tharuni in Central Province) in Kenya. Fifteen month before release, observations on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), and local natural enemy population dynamics and pest damage were initiated in both areas and continued for three years after release. The P. xylostella population was bimodal with higher records during dry seasons. At Werugha, the peak population of P. xylostella was 16.8 per plant (October 2001); at Tharuni it was 12.8 (February 2002). Populations at Werugha declined from three months after release and decreased from 5.4 per plant (before release) to 0.8 (year 3 after release). Concurrently, average damage (1.9 to 1.5) (on a 0-5 scale), proportion of attacked plants (72 to 31%) and proportion of plants in damage group >2 (plants with head damage) decreased (21.4 to 5.3%), while total parasitism increased from 14.4 (before) to 52.5% (year 3 after release, 90% due to D. semiclausum). At Tharuni, D. semiclausum was only recovered 3 months after release. Average populations of P. xylostella declined from 5.9 per plant (before release) to 2.4 (year 3 after release) and damage scores from 2.3 to 1.7. The proportion of plants in damage group >2 declined from 39.7 to 4.5% while overall parasitism increased from 4.2 to 40.6% (98.3% by D. semiclausum). Four species of indigenous parasitoids (Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov), Apanteles sp. and Itoplectis sp., all primary parasitoids) were almost completely displaced by D. semiclausum. Possible reasons for the different parasitoid development between the two release areas and the displacement of the indigenous species are discussed. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.	Biocontrol impact; Biological control; Diadegma semiclausum; Indigenous parasitoids; Parasitoid displacement; Plutella xylostella	biocontrol agent; biological control; moth; natural enemy; parasitoid; pest damage; population dynamics; wasp; animal; article; biological pest control; Brassica; ecosystem; host parasite interaction; Kenya; moth; parasitology; physiology; pilot study; population dynamics; wasp; weather; Animals; Brassica; Ecosystem; Host-Parasite Relations; Kenya; Moths; Pest Control, Biological; Pilot Projects; Population Dynamics; Wasps; Weather; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Apanteles sp.; Diadegma mollipla; Diadegma semiclausum; Hymenoptera; Itoplectis sp.; Lepidoptera; Oomyzus sokolowskii; Plutella xylostella; Plutellidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29844446793	The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application to maize and sorghum on the bionomics of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the performance of its larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)	Jiang N., Schulthess F.	2005	Bulletin of Entomological Research	95	6	10.1079/BER2005381	Stemborer Biological Control Project, International Centre of Insect Ecology and Physiology, PO Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Jiang, N., Stemborer Biological Control Project, International Centre of Insect Ecology and Physiology, PO Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Schulthess, F., Stemborer Biological Control Project, International Centre of Insect Ecology and Physiology, PO Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Laboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant species (maize, sorghum), plant age (young, middle, old) and four different nitrogen fertilization levels (N0-N3) on the bionomics of the invasive crambid Chilo partellus and the performance of its braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes. Plant N varied significantly between N0 and N1-N3, but the differences among the latter were not significant. Intrinsic rates of increase and net-reproductive rates of C. partellus followed the same trends: they were lowest with N0 and similar among the other treatments. On maize only, mortality of C. partellus and parasitism by C. flavipes tended to decrease with age of the plant while the percentage of borers reaching adulthood (i.e. pupation) increased. Borer mortality and parasitism was lower and pupation higher on sorghum than on maize. On both host plants, percent dry matter content of frass, which could affect ingress of the parasitoid into the borer tunnel, did not vary with nitrogen level but varied with age of the host plants: on maize, it was highest on young plants and on sorghum on old plants. Tunnels were shorter on young maize and sorghum plants; longer tunnels on older plants indicated compensatory feeding by the larva as a result of lower nutritive value of the food source. Consequently, larval weight was lower on older than younger plants. The level of nitrogen fertilization had no effect on food conversion efficiency of C. partellus. Nitrogen did not affect number of C. flavipes progeny while egg load of progeny increased significantly with nitrogen level, on both plant species. Differences in egg load between sorghum and maize were mostly not significant. It was concluded that on depleted soils only, an increase in nitrogen via mulching, rotation with a leguminous crop or fertilization would increase survival of C. partellus on both maize and sorghum and an increase in acreage of maize and in application of nitrogen fertilizer in an area would also increase the parasitism of C. flavipes. © CAB International, 2005.	Bionomics; Chilo partellus; Cotesia flavipes; Frass; Maize; Nitrogen; Plant age; Sorghum; Tunnel	fertilizer; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; fertilizer; maize; nitrogen; parasitoid; sorghum; animal; article; chemistry; drug effect; feces; growth, development and aging; host parasite interaction; maize; moth; parasite identification; parasitology; plant leaf; plant stem; population dynamics; reproduction; sex ratio; sorghum; statistics; wasp; Animals; Feces; Fertilizers; Host-Parasite Relations; Moths; Nitrogen; Parasite Egg Count; Phosphorus; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Population Dynamics; Potassium; Reproduction; Sex Ratio; Sorghum; Wasps; Zea mays; Braconidae; Chilo partellus; Cotesia flavipes; Crambinae; Hymenoptera; Lepidoptera; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956095468	Characterization and safety evaluation of the impact of hydrocarbon contaminants on ecological receptors	Nwaichi E.O., Onyeike E.N., Wegwu M.O.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	2	10.1007/s00128-010-0062-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwaichi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Onyeike, E.N., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Hydrocarbon-contaminant removal efficiency of Bambara groundnuts and biomagnification was investigated. The crude oil contaminated soil samples in which the plants were established were either un-amended, or amended with NPK, or Urea, or Poultry manure. Amendments improved phytoextraction rates as follows: Urea - 63.37%, NPK - 65.99%, Poultry - manure - 70.04%, for PAH; Urea - 78.80%, NPK - 79.80%, Poultry manure - 87.90%, for BTEX. Hazard characterization from 28-day feeding study revealed negative effects of potentially toxic BTEX and PAH on organ weight, optimum digestibility and animal growth rate. Sleep time decreased with increasing hydrocarbon concentrations probably due to increased liver enzyme activity. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Phytoremediation	Biomagnification; Contaminant removal; Ecological receptors; Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Oil contaminated soil; Phytoextraction; Phytoremediation; Poultry manure; Safety evaluations; Sleep time; Bioremediation; Contamination; Crude oil; Enzyme activity; Health; Hydrocarbons; Impurities; Manures; Metabolism; Removal; Soil pollution; Soil pollution control; Urea; Chemical contamination; fertilizer; petroleum; animal; article; biomass; bioremediation; body weight; chemistry; drug effect; environmental monitoring; female; food chain; growth, development and aging; legume; Nigeria; organ size; peanut; plant root; rat; sleep; soil pollutant; Wistar rat; Animals; Arachis hypogaea; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Body Weight; Environmental Monitoring; Fabaceae; Female; Fertilizers; Food Chain; Nigeria; Organ Size; Petroleum; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sleep; Soil Pollutants; Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Bambara	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26644440930	Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in some commonly consumed vegetables in the Niger-Delta oil area of Nigeria	Eriyamremu G.E., Asagba S.O., Akpoborie I.A., Ojeaburu S.I.	2005	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	75	2	10.1007/s00128-005-0749-1	Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Ni	Eriyamremu, G.E., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Asagba, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Akpoborie, I.A., Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Ojeaburu, S.I., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	cadmium; lead; rain; article; contamination; human; industrial area; Nigeria; pollutant; pollution; safety; soil; vegetable; Cadmium; Food Contamination; Lead; Nigeria; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71449086098	Evaluation of endocrine disruptor levels in Kafue lechwe (kobus leche kafuensis) Samples from the blue Lagoon National Park of Zambia	Sichilongo K., Torto N.	2009	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	83	6	10.1007/s00128-009-9843-0	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/B 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Sichilongo, K., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/B 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	The concentrations of endocrine disruptors were determined in 36 liver tissue, serum and whole blood sample extracts drawn from 15 Blue Lagoon National Park Kafue lechwe. Out of 10 analytes evaluated, 89% of the sample extracts showed very high dieldrin concentrations of between 0.08-100 μg/mL in serum, 0.08-24.8 μg/mL in whole blood and 0.08-4.6 μg/g wet weight in liver tissue extracts. pp-DDE was detected in 83% of the sample extracts at 0.006-5.1 μg/mL in serum, 0.006-8.5 μg/mL in whole blood and 0.006-0.12 μg/g wet weight in liver tissue extracts. There was strong correlation between pp-DDE and dieldrin in all the three matrices. Deltamethrin and endosulfan detected at 50% frequency each. Percent recoveries in spiked laboratory blanks ranged between 60-100% while calculated detection limits ranged from 0.004 to 0.21 μg/mL for all the endocrine disruptors evaluated. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Blue Lagoon; Dieldrin; Kafue lechwe; Pp-DDE; Zambia	Analytes; Deltamethrin; Detection limits; Endocrine disruptor; Endosulfans; Liver tissue; National parks; Strong correlation; Wet weight; Whole blood; Blood; Insecticides; Lakes; Liver; Parks; Extraction; aldrin; deltamethrin; dieldrin; endocrine disruptor; endosulfan; heptachlor; animal tissue; antelope; article; blood sampling; female; Kobus leche kafuensis; lagoon; liver; male; national park; nonhuman; Zambia; Animals; Antelopes; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dieldrin; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Liver; Male; Zambia; Kobus leche	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651226915	Impact of fertilizers on heavy metal loads in surface soils in Nzoia Nucleus estate sugarcane farms in Western Kenya	Omwoma S., Lalah J.O., Ongeri D.M.K., Wanyonyi M.B.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	6	10.1007/s00128-010-0133-7	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Omwoma, S., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Lalah, J.O.; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Wanyonyi, M.B., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Analysis of heavy metals in top soil samples from Nzoia sugarcane farms in Western Kenya found elevated levels of heavy metals in the soils with mean concentrations (mg kg -1 dry weight) of 142.38, 59.12, 73.35, 116.27, 409.84 (dry season) and 144.22, 50.29, 72.14, 158.81, 368.83 (wet season) for Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe, respectively, compared with a control soil sample from an adjacent field where fertilizers are not applied having mean concentrations of 117.27, 61.87, 63.68, 123.49, 282.93 (dry season) 108.00, 50.68, 66.10, 114.23, 167.01 (wet season), respectively. The heavy metal loads in the sugarcane farms were above international standards. The levels of the same metals in the fertilizers used in the sugarcane farms were within acceptable international standards. A risk assessment of the continued use of phosphate fertilizer (DAP) in the farms based on a 50-year period, did not exceed international threshold. The soil pH values (6.18 dry season and 5.66 wet season) were low compared to the control (7.46 dry season and 7.10 wet season) a situation that could accelerate heavy metal solubility and mobility in the farm soil. Lowering of soil pH was attributed mainly to fertilizer application and partly to increased organic matter content as shown by the high mean total organic carbon content values of 8.63% (dry season) and 8.43 (wet season) in comparison with a control soil meant total organic carbon content value of 4.76% (dry season) and 5.02 (wet season). © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fertilizer impact; Heavy metals; Kenya; Nzoia; Sugarcane farms	Continued use; Dry seasons; Dry weight; Elevated level; Farm soils; Fertilizer applications; International standards; Kenya; Mean concentrations; Metal solubility; Nzoia; Organic matter content; Soil pH; Soil sample; Surface soil; Top soils; Total organic carbon content; Wet season; Agricultural chemicals; Chromium; Curing; Drought; Farms; Lead; Metals; Organic carbon; Phosphate fertilizers; Risk assessment; Soil surveys; Soils; Soil pollution; fertilizer; heavy metal; agriculture; article; environmental monitoring; industrial waste; Kenya; pH; risk assessment; season; soil pollutant; sugarcane; Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring; Fertilizers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Waste; Kenya; Metals, Heavy; Risk Assessment; Saccharum; Seasons; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856556176	Seasonal variability in cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and iron concentrations in the three major fish species, oreochromis niloticus, lates niloticus and rastrineobola argentea in winam gulf, Lake Victoria: Impact of wash-off into the lake	Ongeri D.M.K., Lalah J.O., Wandiga S.O., Schramm K.-W., Michalke B.	2012	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	88	2	10.1007/s00128-011-0472-z	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 52428, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany	Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 52428, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Wandiga, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Schramm, K.-W., Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Michalke, B., Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany	Trace metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were analyzed in edible portions of three main finfish species namely Lates niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rastrineobola argentea sampled from various beaches of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya, in order to determine any seasonal and site variations and the results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe during the wet season compared to the dry season for all the three species indicating the impact of wash-off into the lake during the rainy periods. The overall mean concentrations of the heavy metals (in μg/g dry weight) in all combined samples ranged from 0.17-0.40 (Cd), 0.47-2.53 (Pb), 2.13-8.74 (Cu), 28.9-409.3 (Zn) and 31.4-208.1 (Fe), respectively. It was found that consumption of Rastrineobola argentea can be a significant source of heavy metals especially Zn, to humans, compared with Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus, if only the muscle parts of the latter two are consumed. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fish; Heavy-metals; Human-consumption; Lake Victoria	Dry seasons; Dry weight; Fish species; Human-consumption; Iron concentrations; Lake Victoria; Lates niloticus; Mean concentrations; Oreochromis niloticus; Seasonal variability; Site variation; Trace metal; Wet season; Winam Gulf; Cadmium; Fish; Lakes; Lead; Metals; Pollution; Trace elements; Zinc; Copper; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; zinc; animal; article; chemistry; cichlid; diet; environmental monitoring; fish; human; Kenya; lake; metabolism; muscle; season; statistics; water pollutant; water pollution; Animals; Cadmium; Cichlids; Copper; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Humans; Iron; Kenya; Lakes; Metals, Heavy; Muscles; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Zinc; Lates niloticus; Oreochromis niloticus; Rastrineobola argentea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955879442	Multielemental analysis of migori (Southwest, Kenya) artisanal gold mine ores and sediments by EDX-ray fluorescence technique: Implications of occupational exposure and environmental impact	Odumo O.B., Mustapha A.O., Patel J.P., Angeyo H.K.	2011	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	86	5	10.1007/s00128-011-0242-y	Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Odumo, O.B., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Mustapha, A.O., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Patel, J.P., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Angeyo, H.K., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	The results of heavy element profiling of the gold ores and sediments associated with the artisanal gold mining activities of the Migori gold belt of Southwestern Nyanza, Kenya, were reported in this paper. The analysis was made to assess the occupational exposure of the miners as well as to investigate the environmental impact of toxic heavy metals. Gold ores and sediments from the artisanal gold processing were sampled in four artisanal gold mining areas: Osiri A, Osiri B, Mikei and Macalder (Makalda) and analyzed for heavy elemental content using 109Cd radioisotope excited EDXRF spectrometry technique. Analysis consisted of direct irradiating of sample pellets. The concentrations of major elements detected were: titanium (711.41-10,766.67 mg/kg); cobalt (82.65-1,010.00 mg/kg); zinc (29.90-63,210 mg/kg); arsenic (29.30-8,246.59 mg/kg); gold (14.07-73.48 mg/kg); lead (16.31-14,999.40 mg/kg) and mercury (16.10-149.93 mg/kg). The average concentration of the heavy toxic metals i.e. arsenic, lead, titanium and zinc were found to be above 50 mg/Kg as recommended by World Health Organization. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	EDXRF; Gold mining; Ores and sediments; Toxic heavy metals	Artisanal gold minings; Average concentration; EDXRF; Elemental contents; Fluorescence technique; Gold mining; Gold ores; Gold processing; Heavy elements; Major elements; Multi-elemental analysis; Occupational exposure; Spectrometry technique; Toxic heavy metals; Toxic metals; World Health Organization; Anoxic sediments; Arsenic; Chemical elements; Cobalt; Environmental impact; Gold; Gold mines; Heavy metals; Mercury (metal); Metal analysis; Ores; Sedimentology; Spectrometry; Titanium; Toxic materials; Zinc; Gold ore treatment; gold; heavy metal; article; chemistry; environmental monitoring; human; instrumentation; Kenya; methodology; mining; occupational exposure; sediment; soil pollutant; spectrometry; statistics; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Gold; Humans; Kenya; Metals, Heavy; Mining; Occupational Exposure; Soil Pollutants; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867577556	Mercury bio-concentration by Puffballs (Lycoperdon perlatum) and evaluation of dietary intake risks	Falandysz J., Nnorom I.C., Jarzyńska G., Romińska D., Damps K.	2012	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	89	4	10.1007/s00128-012-0788-3	Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria	Falandysz, J., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Nnorom, I.C., Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria; Jarzyńska, G., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Romińska, D., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Damps, K., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland	In the present study, Hg bioconcentration by Puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum) mushroom was investigated. Total Hg content of fruiting bodies and topsoil (0-10 cm layer) were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. For ten geographically distant sampling sites of Poland, Hg ranged from 0.91 ±0.28 to 2.4 ± 0.4 (overall range 0.57-4.5) μg/g dry weight in the carpophores and 0.012 ± 0.002 to 0.063 ±0.024 (overall range 0.0077-0.12) μg/g dw in topsoil. The mean values of the bioconcentration factor ranged from 28 ± 11 to 110 ± 36 (range 9.6-280) indicating that L. perlatum effectively accumulates Hg and could be classified as a Hg accumulator. Total Hg content of L. perlatum to some degree seems to be determined both by degree of soil contamination and metal bioavailability to mycelium and also the rate of transfer and accumulation in fruiting bodies at the sites surveyed. Summarized and discussed are published data available on total Hg and methylmercury in L. perlatum. © The Author(s) 2012.	Bioconcentration; Foods; Forest; Mushrooms; Soils; Wild foods	Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bioconcentration; Bioconcentration factor; Dietary intakes; Dry weight; Forest; Fruiting bodies; Mean values; Metal bioavailability; Methyl mercury; Mushrooms; Sampling site; Soil contamination; Wild food; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Food products; Fungi; Mercury compounds; Soil pollution; Soils; Mercury (metal); mercury; Agaricales; article; chemistry; diet; environmental monitoring; food contamination; Poland; soil pollutant; statistics; Agaricales; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Food Contamination; Mercury; Poland; Soil Pollutants; Basidiomycota; Lycoperdon perlatum; Marshallia caespitosa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919694531	Community-based ecotourism: Its socio-economic impacts at Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana	Eshun G., Tonto J.N.P.	2014	Bulletin of Geography	26	26	10.2478/bog-2014-0045	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Culture and Tourism Programme, P.M.B. Kumasi, Ghana; University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism and Hospitality, South Africa; University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Rural Department, P.M.B. Kumasi, Ghana	Eshun, G., Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Culture and Tourism Programme, P.M.B. Kumasi, Ghana, University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism and Hospitality, South Africa; Tonto, J.N.P., University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Geography and Rural Department, P.M.B. Kumasi, Ghana	There is a lacuna in literature from Western Africa on how issue of participation influence socio-economic impacts at ecotourism destinations. This paper investigates the socio-economic impacts of ecotourism based on Boabeng- Fiema Monkey Sanctuary in Ghana. The paper is based on primary data generated from Boabeng and Fiema communities. Seventy mainly opened-ended questionnaires were administered face-to-face to purposively selected residents from the two communities, alongside, in-depth interviews with the management of the Sanctuary and focus group with purposively selected individuals from Boabeng and Fiema. The study reveals that the residents of the communities face burgeoning challenges such as shrinking livelihood options, inadequate involvement of community in the ecotourism, poor state of the visitor centre, inadequate government support and poor roads. © Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 2014.	Boabeng-Fiema; community participation; Community-based ecotourism; Ghana; socio-economic impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919631555	The role of state-business relations in the performance of Zambia's food processing sub-sector	Hampwaye G., Jeppesen S.	2014	Bulletin of Geography	26	26	10.2478/bog-2014-0046	University of Zambia, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, Lusaka, Zambia; University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Management, South Africa; Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Centre for Business and Development Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark	Hampwaye, G., University of Zambia, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, Lusaka, Zambia, University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Management, South Africa; Jeppesen, S., Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, Centre for Business and Development Studies, Copenhagen, Denmark	In ensuring growth and development collaborative State-Business relations (SBRs) matters, and with economic growth comes increasing levels of employment, options for poverty reduction and hence more equitable development. Whereas it is known that SBR matters at a macro-economic level, the concept of SBR has also been employed in a more or less all-encompassing way in the literature. Accordingly, while it is clear that SBRs work, there is lack knowledge about which dimensions of SBRs are the most important. Due to the continued importance of agriculture in many developing countries, processing of the food produced in the sector is a key manufacturing activity of high economic importance to many economies. Ensuring collaborative SBRs in the food processing industry is therefore of interest to growth and development, particularly as it is a sector about which little is known about the role of SBRs. The paper attempts to examine how and why SBRs matter to and influence the growth and performance of local owned firms in the food processing sub-sector in Zambia. In particular, the paper analyses the roles and influence of government regulations and policies compared to those of business associations for the performance of the food processing sector in Zambia. The paper draws on primary data from a survey of firms in the food processing sector which was conducted between 2013 and 2014. It is shown that while the majority of the Zambian food processing firms experienced growth over the last five years, with increased employment and in a number of cases growing earnings, this seems to have happened in spite of a business environment which is not particularly supportive. The firms' experience is that the SBRs mainly constitute institutional barriers to the performance of firms and highlight that formal government institutions and polices are incapable of assisting the firms and in most cases government institutions formulate and enact insufficient support schemes. © Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 2014.	Business; Food-processing; State; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945278753	Interface behaviour and electrical performance of ruthenium Schottky contact on 4H-SiC after argon annealing	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M.	2015	Bulletin of Materials Science	38	3	None	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analysis, carried out at various annealing temperatures, of a thin film of ruthenium on n-type four-hexagonal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) showed the evidence of ruthenium oxidation, ruthenium silicide formation and diffusion of ruthenium into silicon carbide starting from an anneal- ing temperature of 400°C. Ruthenium oxidation was more pronounced, and ruthenium and silicon interdiffusion was very deep after annealing at 800°C. Raman analysis of some samples also showed ruthenium silicide formation and oxidation. The Schottky barrier diodes showed very good linear capacitance-voltage characteristics and excel- lent forward current-voltage characteristics, despite the occurrence of the chemical reactions and interdiffusion of ruthenium and silicon at ruthenium-silicon-carbide interface, up to an annealing temperature of 800°C. © Indian Academy of Sciences.	4H-SiC; Oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky barrier diodes; Silicide	Annealing; Backscattering; Capacitance; Current voltage characteristics; Oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy; Silicides; Silicon; Silicon carbide; Spectrometry; 4H-SiC; Annealing temperatures; Capacitance voltage characteristic; Electrical performance; Interface behaviour; Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts; Silicide formation; Schottky barrier diodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51349086709	The Amma radiosonde program and its implications for the future of atmospheric monitoring over Africa	Parker D.J., Fink A., Janicot S., Ngamini J.-B., Douglas M., Afiesimama E., Agusti-Panareda A., Beljaars A., Dide F., Diedhiou A., Lebel T., Polcher J., Redelspergerk J.-L., Thorncroft C., Wilson G.A.	2008	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society	89	7	10.1175/2008BAMS2436.1	University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; LOCEAN, IRD, Paris, France; ASECNA, Dakar, Senegal; National Severe Storms Laboratory, NOAA, Norman, OK, United States; NIMET, Abuja, Nigeria; ECMWF, Reading, Uni	Parker, D.J., University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Fink, A., University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Janicot, S., LOCEAN, IRD, Paris, France; Ngamini, J.-B., ASECNA, Dakar, Senegal; Douglas, M., National Severe Storms Laboratory, NOAA, Norman, OK, United States; Afiesimama, E., NIMET, Abuja, Nigeria; Agusti-Panareda, A., ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom; Beljaars, A., ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom; Dide, F., DMN, Cotonou, Benin, South Africa; Diedhiou, A., LTHE, IRD, Grenoble, France; Lebel, T., LTHE, IRD, Grenoble, France; Polcher, J., IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France; Redelspergerk, J.-L., CNRM, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Thorncroft, C., SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Wilson, G.A., GMet, Accra, Ghana	This article describes the upper-air program, which has been conducted as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA). Since 2004, AMMA scientists have been working in partnership with operational agencies in Africa to reactivate silent radiosonde stations, to renovate unreliable stations, and to install new stations in regions of particular climatic importance. A comprehensive upper-air network is now active over West Africa and has contributed to high-quality atmospheric monitoring over three monsoon seasons. During the period June to September 2006 high-frequency soundings were performed, in conjunction with intensive aircraft and ground-based activities: some 7,000 soundings were made, representing the greatest density of upper air measurements ever collected over the region. An important goal of AMMA is to evaluate the impact of these data on weather and climate prediction for West Africa, and for the hurricane genesis regions of the tropical Atlantic. Many operational difficulties were encountered in the program, involving technical problems in the harsh environment of sub-Saharan Africa and issues of funding, coordination, and communication among the many nations and agencies involved. In facing up to these difficulties, AMMA achieved a steady improvement in the number of soundings received by numerical weather prediction centers, with a success rate of over 88% by August 2007. From the experience of AMMA, we are therefore able to make firm recommendations for the maintenance and operation of a useful upper-air network in WMO Region I in the future. © 2008 American Meteorological Society.	None	Climatology; Forecasting; Network protocols; Radiosondes; Sensor networks; Weather forecasting; African monsoon multidisciplinary analysis; Atmospheric monitoring; Climate predictions; Ground-based; Harsh environments; High frequencies; High-quality; Maintenance and operation; New stations; Numerical weather prediction; Sub-Saharan Africa; Technical problems; Tropical atlantic; Upper air; West-Africa; Atmospherics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71949105375	Environmental impacts of Sheba tannery (Ethiopia) effluents on the surrounding water bodies	Gebrekidan A., Gebresellasie G., Mulugeta A.	2009	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	23	2	None	Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia	Gebrekidan, A., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia; Gebresellasie, G., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia; Mulugeta, A., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia	The levels of hexavalent chromium from direct and treated Sheba tannery effluents, downstream river and spring water samples and upstream river water samples were determined spectrophotometrically by the s-diphenylcarbazide method at 340 nm. Temporal and representative samples were collected from the untreated tannery effluent (S1), sedimentation pond (S2), chromium oxidation pond (S3), downstream river (S4), downstream spring (S5) and 5 kms upstream river (S6). The mean levels of hexavalent chromium in S1, S2, S 3, S4, S5 and S6 were 10.54, 9.15, 7.82, 0.58, 0.54 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. The levels of hexavalent chromium in the downstream river and spring water samples exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of total chromium in drinking waters (0.05 mg/L) as opposed to the levels in the upstream waters. The increased concentrations of Cr(VI) in the water samples indicate the possible environmental pollution of the downstream water bodies by the Sheba tannery effluents. In view of the toxicity and related environmental hazards, the levels of hexavalent chromium from the Sheba tannery effluents must be reduced to a permissible limit before discharging into the down stream waters being used for domestic purposes by the nearby communities. © 2009 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Environmental pollution; Ethiopia; Hexavalent chromium; S-diphenycarbazide; Tannery effluents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960154650	Fluoride in black and green tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions in Ethiopia: Measurement and safety evaluation	Zerabruk S., Chandravanshi B.S., Zewge F.	2010	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	24	3	None	Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Zerabruk, S., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Chandravanshi, B.S., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Zewge, F., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The fluoride contents in the infusions of 21 commercially available Ethiopian and imported black and green tea brands; in leaf and bag forms was determined by a fluoride ion-selective electrode method. Of the samples analyzed twelve were products from Ethiopia and the remaining nine were imported tea brands. The effect of brewing time on fluoride release from tea was assessed. Results showed that fluoride release increased with increasing brewing time (3, 5 and 10 min). Fluoride level after 5 min brewing for black tea leaves, green tea bags, and black tea bags was in the range of 117-682 mg/kg, 111-190 mg/kg and 141-246 mg/kg, respectively. The WHO guideline for daily fluoride intake is 2 mg for children and 4 mg for adults. Assuming that one consumes 4 cups of tea everyday (400 mL) and each cup uses 2.5 g of tea leaves, the daily fluoride intake from black tea leaves may be in the range between 1.11 and 6.82 mg. For the same condition, if consumption of one green tea bag is considered, the fluoride intake can be in the range between 1.00 and 1.38 mg. Similarly, intake from the black tea bags may range from 0.86 to 1.81 mg. Considering the Ethiopian black tea alone, the daily fluoride intake may range from 2.48 to 6.82 mg. Thus according to the WHO recommendation for daily fluoride intake and ignoring other possible sources; the black and green tea bags and imported black tea leaves are safe for all age groups. None of the 10 Ethiopian black tea leaf brands are safe for children but 30% of the analyzed samples are safe for adults. © 2010 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Black tea infusion; Brewing time; Fluoride intake; Green tea infusion; Safety evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887963275	Evaluation of the effect of various drying techniques on the composition of the psychoactive phenylpropylamino alkaloids of khat (catha edulis forsk) chewing leaves	Atlabachew M., Chandravanshi B.S., Redi-Abshiro M., Torto N., Chigome S., Pule B.O.	2013	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	27	3	10.4314/bcse.v27i3.3	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Program of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Atlabachew, M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Program of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Chandravanshi, B.S., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Redi-Abshiro, M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Chigome, S., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Pule, B.O., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	ABSTRACT. The study demonstrated that by freezing or drying under different conditions, cathinone could be detected in the khat (Catha edulis Forsk) samples that have been harvested for more than four months. Freeze drying or freezing in the refrigerator (-20 °C) yielded more than 73% of cathinone. Air drying, sun drying or oven drying at 60 °C resulted in a cathinone composition of 57%, 42% and 36%, respectively. The study confirmed that, freshly harvested tender leaves of khat contained exclusively of cathinone but upon sun drying, part of it decomposes to cathine and norephedrine leaving cathinone as a major component. Thus it is wrong to assume that sun drying the leaves can result complete conversion of cathinone to cathine and norephedrine. Furthermore, the results of the study confirmed that it was possible to preserve khat samples for longer periods after freeze drying or deep freezing without significant loss of cathinone. © 2013 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Alkaloids; Cathine; Cathinone; Khat; Norephedrine; Storage	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953010709	Impact of environmental cadmium, lead, copper and zinc on quality of goat meat in Nigeria	Okoye C.O.B., Ugwu J.N.	2010	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	24	1	None	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Okoye, C.O.B., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ugwu, J.N., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	This study evaluated the levels of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in the muscles and edible offal's of goat bred from Nigeria. The samples were digested with a 3:1 mixture of HCl and HNO3 and analysed with a Unicam Solar 32 AAS. The results obtained expressed in mgkg-1 showed that kidney had the highest mean concentration of 0.83 ranging from 0.07-3.08 for cadmium, 0.53 from nd-0.63 for lead; while liver had 134.02 ranging from 26.36-398.16 for copper and muscle 131.55 from nd-417.00 for zinc. Most of the samples studied were found to have these metals above the permissible limits set by some regulatory bodies. Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant correlation (p &lt; 0.01) between the metal levels in the heart and kidney, an indication of common source of contamination. The meat quality was found to be impaired by high levels of Zn, Cu and Cd and Indicates widespread contamination of the environment by these trace metals. © 2010 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Edible offal's; Environmental impact; Goat muscles; Heavy metals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744773181	Evaluation of the levels of total volatile bases and trimethyleamine formed in fish stored at low temperature	Horsfall Jr. M., Kinigoma B.S., Spiff A.I.	2006	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	20	1	None	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Uniport P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Uniport P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Horsfall Jr., M., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Uniport P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Kinigoma, B.S., Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Uniport P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Spiff, A.I., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Uniport P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The levels of total volatile bases (TVB) and trimethylamine (TMA) formed in three species of saline water fish stored at - 4°C were investigated as indices of spoilage. The data showed that the concentration of TVB (mg/100g sample) in Tilapia spp. ranged from 19.40 - 61.00, Mugil cephalus 1030 - 41.10 and Carassius auratus 12.50 - 66.7 during the maximum storage period of 20 days, while TMA levels (mg/100g sample) over the same storage period and conditions ranged from < 0.001 - 7.12 for Tilapia spp., < 0.001 - 6.45 for Mugil Cephalus and < 0.001 - 7.28 for Carassious auratus. The data showed that the concentration of TVB and TMA increased with increasing storage time. These data may be used in formulating appropriate food safety limits for consumption of refrigerated fresh fish products in Nigeria. © 2006 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Food storage; Total volatile bases; Trimethyleamine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907541269	Inhibitive action and synergistic performance of 2-amino-ethanol and N,N-diethylethanamine on copper in hydrochloric acid solution	Fayomi O.S.I., Popoola A.P.I., Popoola O.M.	2014	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	28	3	10.4314/bcse.v28i3.15	Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa; College of Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Fayomi, O.S.I., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa, College of Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Popoola, A.P.I., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Popoola, O.M., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa	The corrosion inhibition action of copper alloy in 1 M HC1 solution in the presence of 2-aminoethanol (A) and N,N-diethylethanamine (D) at 298 °K was investigated using gravimetric and linear polarization method. Surface studies of the copper alloy sample were observed by the help of high resolution scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The evaluations were taken after 48 h interval for 288 h while the concentration of the inhibitor was varied from 5 to 10% w/v. The result of the examination shows that 2-aminoethanol (A) and A/A-diethylethanamine (D) has a good corrosion inhibition effect for copper alloy in 1 M HC1 solutions and its efficiency attains above 96% at 10% w/v concentration. The linear polarization result affirmed that 2-aminoethanol (A) and AA-diethylethanamine (D) acts as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor. Their adsorption on copper alloy has been found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm at all the concentration of inhibitor applied. The outcomes from all approaches are in good agreement with each other. © 2014 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Adsorption; Electrochemical oxidation; Inhibitor; SEM/EDX; Synergistic assessment	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937129119	Evaluation of universal extractants for determination of selected micronutrients from soil	Bibiso M., Taddesse A.M., Gebrekidan H., Melese A.	2015	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	29	2	10.4314/bcse.v29i2.4	School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia	Bibiso, M., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Taddesse, A.M., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Gebrekidan, H., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Melese, A., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia	A study was carried out with the objective of identifying the most suitable universal extractant for determination of selected micronutrients from soils. Composite surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from Eastern Harargie Zone (Babile and Haramaya Districts), Wolaita Zone (Damot Sore, Boloso Bombe, Damot Pulasa and Humbo Districts) and Dire Dawa Administrative Council by purposive sampling. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at Haramaya University Soil Laboratory. The results showed that among the universal extractants examined for the determination of available Fe, Cu and Zn, the highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.95), (r = 0.99) and (r = 0.97) at (p < 0.001) were found between DTPA and AB-DTPA for available Fe, Cu and Zn, respectively. Therefore, AB-DTPA universal extractant can easily be adopted as a soil testing method for the determination of available Fe, Cu and Zn in some selected soils of Ethiopia. Similarly, the concentration of available Mn determined by DTPA method was significantly correlated with the amount determined by tested universal extractants. The highest correlation coefficients were found between DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.90), DTPA and 0.01 M BaCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.87), DTPA and 0.02 M SrCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.86), DTPA and 0.1 M BaCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.89) and DTPA and AB-DTPA (r = 0.85). However, considering the use of universal extractant, AB-DTPA could be the most suitable universal extractant for the determination of available Mn in soils of the studied areas as well. Therefore, AB-DTPA extractant is considered to be superior and the most suitable universal extractant for determination of available Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in soil of the studied areas. © 2015 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Micronutrients; Multinutrient extractant; Soil testing method; Unbuffered salts	None	MOE, Ministry of Education
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940197167	ICP-OES monitoring of the instability of [OsCl<inf>6</inf>]2- and Evaluation of [OsO<inf>2</inf>(CN)<inf>4</inf>]2- as alternative standard for osmium quantification	Chiweshe T.T., Purcell W., Venter J.A.	2015	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan	88	8	10.1246/bcsj.20150025	Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Chiweshe, T.T., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Purcell, W., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Venter, J.A., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa	A spectrometric method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the determination of Os and the stability of (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>[OsCl<inf>6</inf>] standard was developed. Results obtained from this study showed a gradual decrease in Os recovery in the liquid reference material (RM) within 96 h of having prepared the calibration standards. The instability of the Os standard (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>[OsCl<inf>6</inf>] resulted in the decrease in Os percentage recoveries. The Os calibration plots shifted (gained or lost sensitivity) after every 24 h. This gain or loss in sensitivity also varied, depending on acid or base used. In acidic medium, the gain in sensitivity of the calibration curves increased from HCl < HBr < HF whilst in the basic medium, the calibration plots decreased in sensitivity from NaOH < KOH < NH<inf>4</inf>OH. The stable Cs<inf>2</inf>[OsO<inf>2</inf>(CN)<inf>4</inf>] compound was synthesized and evaluated for its suitability as osmium standard and it was determined to be a good alternative standard for Os analysis due to its excellent stability in HCl matrix and at room temperature. The optimum storage conditions for both Os standards (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>[OsCl<inf>6</inf>] and Cs<inf>2</inf>[OsO<inf>2</inf>(CN)<inf>4</inf>] and the liquid RM analyte solutions were in the acidic medium (HCl), in the dark and at ca. 10°C. © 2015 The Chemical Society of Japan.	None	Calibration; Cesium; Inductively coupled plasma; Optical emission spectroscopy; Plasma diagnostics; Plasma stability; Spectrometry; Stability; Calibration curves; Calibration standard; Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; Percentage recovery; Reference material; Room temperature; Spectrometric methods; Storage condition; Osmium	NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748901212	Insights into the morphology, geometry, and post-impact erosion of the Araguainha peak-ring structure, central Brazil	Lana C., Souza Filho C.R., Marangoni Y.R., Yokoyama E., Trindade R.I.F., Tohver E., Reimold W.U.	2007	Bulletin of the Geological Society of America	119	42623	10.1130/B26142.1	Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7620, South Africa; Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Geociencias, State University of Campina (UNICAMP), Campina 13083-970, Brazil; Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Museum for Natural History (Mineralogy), Humboldt University, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany	Lana, C., Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7620, South Africa; Souza Filho, C.R., Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Geociencias, State University of Campina (UNICAMP), Campina 13083-970, Brazil; Marangoni, Y.R., Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Yokoyama, E., Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Trindade, R.I.F., Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Tohver, E., Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao 1226, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Reimold, W.U., Museum for Natural History (Mineralogy), Humboldt University, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany	The 40-km-wide Araguainha structure is the largest and best-exposed complex impact crater in South America. It was excavated in flat-lying sediments of the intracratonic Paraná Basin, where target rocks are well exposed and have remained undeformed since the impact event ca. 245 Ma. Despite the excellent state of preservation and exposure, information available on the target rock stratigraphy, post-impact erosion, and morphology of the structure is limited. Our combined field observations and remote sensing analysis demonstrate that Araguainha preserves all features of a shallowly eroded peak-ring crater. The interior of the structure exposes a central peak surrounded by a 5-km-wide annular basin and two main ring features 10-12 and 14-18 km from the center. Analysis of the pre-impact stratigraphy, present morphology, and crater dimensions indicates that excavation related to the transient cavity formation was extensive in the annular basin, but minimal to nonexistent beyond the inner ring feature. The formation of the inner ring feature can be reconciled with compressional stresses during outward collapse of the central uplift and inward slumping of the crater walls. Regional stratigraphic data combined with field observations indicate two periods of post-impact erosion associated with exhumation of the Paraná Basin. We estimate that 250-350 m of fallback deposits and target rocks have been removed by erosion. Erosion also accounted for removal of the proximal ejecta immediately outside the rim of the structure. In contrast to previous suggestions that the impact took place in a shallow-marine environment, our observations are more consistent with an extremely shallow, brackish to freshwater lacustrine environment, with little effect on the developing impact crater. © 2007 Geological Society of America.	Araguainha; Crater collapse; Impact craters; Paraná Basin; Peak ring	Impact craters; Intracratonic; Regional stratigraphic data; Environmental impact assessments; Erosion; Geomorphology; Remote sensing; Sediments; Stratigraphy; Tectonics; Structural geology; crater; ejecta; geometry; impact; lacustrine environment; morphology; remote sensing; stratigraphy; Araguainha Dome; Brazil; Parana Basin; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33244456606	Hybrid data capture for monitoring patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in urban Botswana	Bussmann H., Wester C.W., Ndwapi N., Vanderwarker C., Gaolathe T., Tirelo G., Avalos A., Moffat H., Marlink R.G.	2006	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	84	2	10.2471/BLT.04.019307	Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Bussmann, H., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Wester, C.W., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Ndwapi, N., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Vanderwarker, C., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Gaolathe, T., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Tirelo, G., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Avalos, A., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Moffat, H., Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Marlink, R.G., Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Individual patient care and programme evaluation are pivotal for the success of antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. While computer-aided documentation and data storage are indispensable for any large programme, several important issues need to be addressed including which data are to be collected, who collects it and how it is entered into an electronic database. We describe a patient-monitoring approach, which uses patient encounter forms (in hybrid paper + electronic format) based on optical character recognition, piloted at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana's first public highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) outpatient clinic. Our novel data capture approach collects "key" data for tracking patient and programme outcomes. It saves physician time and does not detract from clinical care.	Automatic data processing; Botswana (source: MeSH, NLM); Computerized; Data collection; Medical records; Medical records systems	antiretrovirus agent; data acquisition; health monitoring; urban population; article; Botswana; computer aided design; drug activity; health program; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; outpatient department; patient monitoring; physician; pilot study; urban area; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Automatic Data Processing; Botswana; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Database Management Systems; Drug Monitoring; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Medical Records Systems, Computerized; Optical Storage Devices; Program Evaluation; RNA, Viral; Time Factors; Africa; Botswana; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049063040	Monitoring effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in lower-income countries	Stringer E.M., Chi B.H., Chintu N., Creek T.L., Ekouevi D.K., Coetzee D., Tih P., Boulle A., Dabis F., Shaffer N., Wilfert C.M., Stringer J.S.A.	2008	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	86	1	10.2471/BLT.07.043117	Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States; PAC-CI Programme, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board, Nso, Northwest Province, Cameroon; Institut de Sante Publique d'Epidemiologie et de Developpment (ISPED), Universite Victor Segalen, Boudeaux, France; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Stringer, E.M., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Chi, B.H., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Chintu, N., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Creek, T.L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States; Ekouevi, D.K., PAC-CI Programme, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire; Coetzee, D., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tih, P., Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board, Nso, Northwest Province, Cameroon; Boulle, A., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dabis, F., Institut de Sante Publique d'Epidemiologie et de Developpment (ISPED), Universite Victor Segalen, Boudeaux, France; Shaffer, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States; Wilfert, C.M., Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Stringer, J.S.A., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia	Ambitious goals for paediatric AIDS control have been set by various international bodies, including a 50% reduction in new paediatric infections by 2010. While these goals are clearly appropriate in their scope, the lack of clarity and consensus around how to monitor the effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) makes it difficult for policy-makers to mount a coordinated response. In this paper, we develop the case for using population HIV-free child survival as a gold standard metric to measure the effectiveness of PMTCT programmes, and go on to consider multiple study designs and source populations. Finally, we propose a novel community survey-based approach that could be implemented widely throughout the developing world with minor modifications to ongoing Demographic and Health Surveys.	None	antiretrovirus agent; nevirapine; zidovudine; demography; developing world; disease control; disease transmission; health survey; human immunodeficiency virus; low income population; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; developing country; female; gold standard; health program; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; infection prevention; lowest income group; single drug dose; survival; vertical transmission; Developing Countries; Disease Transmission, Vertical; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Organizational Objectives; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Program Evaluation; Survival Rate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953221450	Cardiovascular risk management and its impact on hypertension control in primary care in low-resource settings: A cluster-randomized trial [Prise en charge du risque cardiovasculaire et impact sur le contrôle de l'hypertension par les soins de santé prima	Mendis S., Johnston S.C., Fan W., Oladapo O., Cameron A., Faramawi M.F.	2010	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	88	6	10.2471/BLT.08.062364	Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States; National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicab	Mendis, S., Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Johnston, S.C., Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Fan, W., National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Oladapo, O., College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Cameron, A., Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Faramawi, M.F., Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Objective To evaluate a simple cardiovascular risk management package for assessing and managing cardiovascular risk using hypertension as an entry point in primary care facilities in low-resource settings. Methods Two geographically distant regions in two countries (China and Nigeria) were selected and 10 pairs of primary care facilities in each region were randomly selected and matched. Regions were then randomly assigned to a control group, which received usual care, or to an intervention group, which applied the cardiovascular risk management package. Each facility enrolled 60 consecutive patients with hypertension. Intervention sites educated patients about risk factors at baseline and initiated treatment with hydrochlorothiazide at 4 months in patients at medium risk of a cardiovascular event, according to a standardized treatment algorithm. Systolic blood pressure change from baseline to 12 months was the primary outcome measure. Findings The study included 2397 patients with baseline hypertension: 1191 in 20 intervention facilities and 1206 in 20 control facilities. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased more in intervention patients than in controls. However, at 12 months more than half of patients still had uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg). Behavioural risk factors had improved among intervention patients in Nigeria but not in China. Only about 2% of hypertensive patients required referral to the next level of care. Conclusion Even in low-resource settings, hypertensive patients can be effectively assessed and managed in primary care facilities.	None	hydrochlorothiazide; cardiovascular disease; cluster analysis; disease treatment; geographical region; hypertension; primary health care; risk assessment; risk factor; adult; aged; article; body mass; cardiovascular risk; China; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; dietary intake; disease control; female; fruit; health care planning; human; hypertension; intervention study; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; outcome assessment; patient referral; primary medical care; randomized controlled trial; risk management; systolic blood pressure; vegetable; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Cluster Analysis; Female; Geography; Health Resources; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Primary Health Care; Risk Factors; Risk Management; Statistics as Topic; Systole; China; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877022912	Untapped potential of health impact assessment [Un potentiel inexploité de l'évaluation de l'impact sanitaire]	Winkler M.S., Krieger G.R., Divall M.J., Cissé G., Wielga M., Singer B.H., Tannera M., Utzingera J.	2013	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	91	4	10.2471/BLT.12.112318	Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; New Fields, Denver, United States; SHAPE Consulting Ltd, Pretoria, South Africa; Temkin Wielga and Hardt LLP, Denver, United States; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States	Winkler, M.S., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; Krieger, G.R., New Fields, Denver, United States; Divall, M.J., SHAPE Consulting Ltd, Pretoria, South Africa; Cissé, G., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; Wielga, M., Temkin Wielga and Hardt LLP, Denver, United States; Singer, B.H., Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States; Tannera, M., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; Utzingera, J., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland	The World Health Organization has promoted health impact assessment (HIA) for over 20 years. At the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), HIA was discussed as a critical method for linking health to "green economy" and "institutional framework" strategies for sustainable development. In countries having a high human development index (HDI), HIA has been added to the overall assessment suite that typically includes potential environmental and social impacts, but it is rarely required as part of the environmental and social impact assessment for large development projects. When they are performed, project-driven HIAs are governed by a combination of project proponent and multilateral lender performance standards rather than host country requirements. Not surprisingly, in low-HDI countries HIA is missing from the programme and policy arena in the absence of an external project driver. Major drivers of global change (e.g. population growth and urbanization, growing pressure on natural resources and climate change) inordinately affect low- and medium-HDI countries; however, in such countries HIA is conspicuously absent. If the cloak of HIA invisibility is to be removed, it must be shown that HIA is useful and beneficial and, hence, an essential component of the 21st century's sustainable development agenda. We analyse where and how HIA can become fully integrated into the impact assessment suite and argue that the impact of HIA must not remain obscure.	None	health impact; human development index; population growth; public health; sustainable development; urbanization; World Health Organization; article; climate change; economic aspect; environmental impact assessment; environmental protection; health care policy; health impact assessment; health program; human; human development; population growth; social aspect; sustainable development; United Nations; urbanization; world health organization; Conservation of Natural Resources; Decision Making; Developing Countries; Environment; Health Impact Assessment; Humans; Policy; Population Dynamics; World Health; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867136847	Population-level impact of hormonal contraception on incidence of HIV infection and pregnancy in women in Durban, South Africa [Impact au niveau de la population de la contraception hormonale sur l'incidence de l'infection par le VIH et sur la grossesse c	Ramjee G., Wand H.	2012	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	90	10	10.2471/BLT.12.105700	HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, 123 Jan Hofmeyr Road, Westville, Durban, 3630, South Africa; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia	Ramjee, G., HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, 123 Jan Hofmeyr Road, Westville, Durban, 3630, South Africa; Wand, H., The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia	Objective To estimate the potential impact of using hormonal contraceptives on rates of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and pregnancy by theoretically removing the use of hormonal contraceptives from a study population. Methods A prospective cohort study included 3704 HIV-negative women who were enrolled in two biomedical trials that tested two vaginal microbicides (PRO 2000 and Carraguard®) for the prevention of HIV-1 in Durban, South Africa, in 2004-2009. Cox proportional hazards regression models along with partial population attributable risks (PARs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relative population-level impact of the use of hormonal contraceptives on HIV-1 seroconversion rates and on pregnancy rates. Findings Women who reported using hormonal contraceptives at enrolment in the trial had a higher risk of HIV-1 seroconversion (adjusted hazards ratio: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.97-1.58) than women who reported using other types of contraceptives at enrolment. At the population level, the use of hormonal contraceptives (pills or injectables) at baseline and during study follow-up accounted for approximately 20% (95% CI: 16-22) of HIV-1 seroconversions. However, the partial PAR indicated a relative impact of 12% (95% CI: 9.0-15.7). On the other hand, 72% (95% CI: 66-77) of the pregnancies could have been avoided if all women had used hormonal contraceptives. Conclusion Women using hormonal contraceptives need comprehensive counselling on simultaneous prevention of HIV-1 infection.	None	carrageenan; contraceptive agent; pro 2000; contraceptive use; disease control; disease incidence; disease transmission; health impact; health risk; human immunodeficiency virus; pregnancy; womens health; adult; article; cohort analysis; condom; female; health education; hormonal contraception; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; proportional hazards model; prospective study; risk assessment; seroconversion; sexual behavior; South Africa; Adult; Age Distribution; Anti-Infective Agents; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Educational Status; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seronegativity; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Incidence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Young Adult; Durban; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82555193785	Diagnostic performance of visible severe wasting for identifying severe acute malnutrition in children admitted to hospital in Kenya	Mogeni P., Twahir H., Bandika V., Mwalekwa L., Thitiri J., Ngari M., Toromo C., Maitland K., Berkley J.A.	2011	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	89	12	10.2471/BLT.11.091280	KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya	Mogeni, P., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Twahir, H., Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya; Bandika, V., Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya; Mwalekwa, L., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Thitiri, J., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Ngari, M., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Toromo, C., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Maitland, K., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya; Berkley, J.A., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medical Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya	Objective To determine the diagnostic value of visible severe wasting in identifying severe acute malnutrition at two public hospitals in Kenya. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 6 to 59.9months admitted to one rural and one urban hospital. On admission, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and height were measured and the presence of visible severe wasting was assessed. The diagnostic performance of visible severe wasting was evaluated against anthropometric criteria. Findings Of 11 166 children admitted, 563 (5%) had kwashiorkor and 1406 (12.5%) were severely wasted (MUAC < 11.5cm). The combined sensitivity and specificity of visible severe wasting at the two hospitals, as assessed against a MUAC < 11.5cm, were 54% (95% confidence interval, CI: 51-56) and 96% (95% CI: 96-97), respectively; at one hospital, its sensitivity and specificity against a weight-for-height z-score below-3 were 44.7% (95% CI: 42-48) and 96.5% (95% CI: 96-97), respectively. Severely wasted children who were correctly identified by visible severe wasting were consistently older, more severely wasted, more often having kwashiorkor, more often positive to the human immunodeficiency virus, ill for a longer period and at greater risk of death. Visible severe wasting had lower sensitivity for determining the risk of death than the anthropometric measures. There was no evidence to support measuring both MUAC and weight-for-height z-score. Conclusion Visible severe wasting failed to detect approximately half of the children admitted to hospital with severe acute malnutrition diagnosed anthropometrically. Routine screening by MUAC is quick, simple and inexpensive and should be part of the standard assessment of all paediatric hospital admissions in the study setting.	None	child health; hospital sector; human immunodeficiency virus; malnutrition; age; arm circumference; article; body height; body weight; child; child hospitalization; controlled study; cross-sectional study; death; diagnostic value; disease duration; disease severity; female; hospital admission; hospitalized child; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; kwashiorkor; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; muscle atrophy; predictive value; preschool child; public hospital; scoring system; sensitivity and specificity; weight for height z score; Acute Disease; Body Weight; Chi-Square Distribution; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Female; Health Status Indicators; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Infant; Inpatients; Kenya; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Rural Population; Urban Population; Wasting Syndrome; World Health; World Health Organization; Kenya; Human immunodeficiency virus	None
None	None	Electronic monitoring of treatment adherence and validation of alternative adherence measures in tuberculosis patients: A pilot study	van den Boogaard J., Lyimo R.A., Boeree M.J., Kibiki G.S., Aarnoutse R.E.	2011	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	89	9	10.2471/BLT.11.086462	Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, University Centre for Chronic Diseases Dekkerswald, Nijmeegsebaan 31, 6560 AB, Groesbeek, Netherlands; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands	van den Boogaard, J., Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, University Centre for Chronic Diseases Dekkerswald, Nijmeegsebaan 31, 6560 AB, Groesbeek, Netherlands; Lyimo, R.A., Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Boeree, M.J., Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, University Centre for Chronic Diseases Dekkerswald, Nijmeegsebaan 31, 6560 AB, Groesbeek, Netherlands; Kibiki, G.S., Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Aarnoutse, R.E., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Objective: To assess adherence to community-based directly observed treatment (DOT) among Tanzanian tuberculosis patients using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) and to validate alternative adherence measures for resource-limited settings using MEMS as a gold standard. Methods: This was a longitudinal pilot study of 50 patients recruited consecutively from one rural hospital, one urban hospital and two urban health centres. Treatment adherence was monitored with MEMS and the validity of the following adherence measures was assessed: isoniazid urine test, urine colour test, Morisky scale, Brief Medication Questionnaire, adapted AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) adherence questionnaire, pill counts and medication refill visits. Findings: The mean adherence rate in the study population was 96.3% (standard deviation, SD: 7.7). Adherence was less than 100% in 70% of the patients, less than 95% in 21% of them, and less than 80% in 2%. The ACTG adherence questionnaire and urine colour test had the highest sensitivities but lowest specificities. The Morisky scale and refill visits had the highest specificities but lowest sensitivities. Pill counts and refill visits combined, used in routine practice, yielded moderate sensitivity and specificity, but sensitivity improved when the ACTG adherence questionnaire was added. Conclusion: Patients on community-based DOT showed good adherence in this study. The combination of pill counts, refill visits and the ACTG adherence questionnaire could be used to monitor adherence in settings where MEMS is not affordable. The findings with regard to adherence and to the validity of simple adherence measures should be confirmed in larger populations with wider variability in adherence rates.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; isoniazid; disease incidence; disease treatment; health geography; model validation; monitoring; questionnaire survey; tuberculosis; adapted AIDS Clinical Trial Group adherence questionnaire; adult; article; Brief Medication Questionnaire; clinical article; directly observed therapy; drug urine level; electronic medical record; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; longitudinal study; male; Morisky scale; patient attitude; patient compliance; pilot study; questionnaire; rating scale; rural area; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; urban area; urinalysis; Adult; Directly Observed Therapy; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires; Tanzania; Tuberculosis; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750237049	Impact of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine introduction in South Africa	Von Gottberg A., De Gouveia L., Madhi S.A., Du Plessis M., Quan V., Soma K., Huebner R., Flannery B., Schuchat A., Klugman K.P.	2006	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	84	10	10.2471/BLT.06.030361	Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States	Von Gottberg, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; De Gouveia, L., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Madhi, S.A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Du Plessis, M., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Quan, V., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Soma, K., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Huebner, R., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Gauteng, South Africa; Flannery, B., Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Schuchat, A., Respiratory Diseases Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Klugman, K.P., Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States	Objective: To analyse trends in reported invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in South Africa within the first five years of introduction of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in the routine child immunization schedule. Methods: We used national laboratory-based surveillance data to identify cases of invasive H. influenzae disease between July 1999 and June 2004, and submitted isolates for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Findings: The absolute number of Hib cases (reported to the national surveillance system) among children below one year of age decreased by 65%, from 55 cases in 1999-2000 to 19 cases in 2003-04. Enhanced surveillance initiated in 2003, identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and incomplete vaccination as contributing factors for Hib transmission. The total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of H. influenzae remained unchanged because non-type b disease was being increasingly reported to the surveillance system concomitant with system enhancements. Children with non-typable disease were more likely to be HIV-positive (32 of 34, 94%) than children with Hib disease (10 of 14, 71%), P = 0.051. Recent Hib isolates were more likely to be multidrug resistant (2% in 1999-2000 versus 19% in 2003-04, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Data from a newly established national laboratory-based surveillance system showed a decrease in Hib disease burden among South African children following conjugate vaccine introduction and identified cases of non-typable disease associated with HIV infection.	None	ampicillin; beta lactamase; diphtheria pertussis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; antimicrobial activity; disease transmission; health impact; human immunodeficiency virus; immunization; influenza; vaccination; antibiotic sensitivity; article; controlled study; Haemophilus influenzae type b; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunization; infant; influenza; major clinical study; multidrug resistance; preschool child; serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus pneumonia; vaccination; Child Health Services; Child, Preschool; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae type b; Haemophilus Vaccines; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Population Surveillance; South Africa; Vaccines, Conjugate; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus influenzae serotype B; Human immunodeficiency virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846818674	Impact of a national helminth control programme on infection and morbidity in Ugandan schoolchildren	Kabatereine N.B., Brooker S., Koukounari A., Kazibwe F., Tukahebwa E.M., Fleming F.M., Zhang Y., Webster J.P., Stothardd J.R., Fenwick A.	2007	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	85	2	10.2471/BLT.06.030353	Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, PO Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Zoology Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom	Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, PO Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda; Brooker, S., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Koukounari, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Kazibwe, F., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, PO Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda; Tukahebwa, E.M., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, PO Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda; Fleming, F.M., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Zhang, Y., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Webster, J.P., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Stothardd, J.R., Zoology Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom	Objective: We aimed to assess the health impact of a national control programme targeting schistosomiasis and intestinal nematodes in Uganda, which has provided population-based anthelmintic chemotherapy since 2003. Methods: We conducted longitudinal surveys on infection status, haemoglobin concentration and clinical morbidity in 1871 randomly selected schoolchildren from 37 schools in eight districts across Uganda at three time points - before chemotherapy and after one year and two years of annual mass chemotherapy. Findings: Mass treatment with praziquantel and albendazole led to a significant decrease in the intensity of Schistosoma mansoni - 70% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66-73%) after one year and 82% (95% CI: 80-85%) after two years of treatment. Intensity of hookworm infection also decreased (75% and 93%; unadjusted). There was a significant increase in haemoglobin concentration after one (0.135 g/dL (95% CI: 0.126-0.144)) and two years (0.303 g/dL (95% CI: 0.293-0.312)) of treatment, and a significant decrease in signs of early clinical morbidity. The impact of intervention on S. mansoni prevalence and intensity was similar to that predicted by mathematical models of the impact of chemotherapy on human schistosomiasis. Improvements in haemoglobin concentration were greatest among children who were anaemic or harbouring heavy S. mansoni infection at baseline. Conclusion: Anthelmintic treatment delivered as part of a national helminth control programme can decrease infection and morbidity among schoolchildren and improve haemoglobin concentration.	None	albendazole; praziquantel; chemotherapy; disease prevalence; disease severity; health impact; health survey; hemoglobin; morbidity; national strategy; nematode; schistosomiasis; student; vaccination; adolescent; article; child; female; health program; health survey; hemoglobin determination; human; infection control; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; mass screening; morbidity; prevalence; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; Uganda; Adolescent; Albendazole; Ancylostoma; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Female; Health Promotion; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Male; National Health Programs; Praziquantel; Program Evaluation; Prospective Studies; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; School Health Services; Uganda; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda; Ancylostomatoidea; Nematoda; Schistosoma mansoni; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860448069	Impacts of e-health on the outcomes of care in low- and middle-income countries: Where do we go from here? [Impacts de la télésanté sur les résultats sanitaires dans les pays à revenu faible et moyen: Quelle direction prendre?]	Piette J.D., Lun K.C., Moura Jr. L.A., Fraser H.S.F., Mechael P.N., Powellf J., Khoja S.R.	2012	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	90	5	10.2471/BLT.11.099069	Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, PO Box 130170, Ann Arbor, MI, 48113-0170, United States; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Assis Moura eHealth, São Paulo, Brazil; Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States; Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York NY, United States; Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; E-Health Resource Centre, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya	Piette, J.D., Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, PO Box 130170, Ann Arbor, MI, 48113-0170, United States; Lun, K.C., School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Moura Jr., L.A., Assis Moura eHealth, São Paulo, Brazil; Fraser, H.S.F., Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States; Mechael, P.N., Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York NY, United States; Powellf, J., Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Khoja, S.R., E-Health Resource Centre, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya	E-health encompasses a diverse set of informatics tools that have been designed to improve public health and health care. Little information is available on the impacts of e-health programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore conducted a scoping review of the published and non-published literature to identify data on the effects of e-health on health outcomes and costs. The emphasis was on the identification of unanswered questions for future research, particularly on topics relevant to low- and middle-income countries. Although e-health tools supporting clinical practice have growing penetration globally, there is more evidence of benefits for tools that support clinical decisions and laboratory information systems than for those that support picture archiving and communication systems. Community information systems for disease surveillance have been implemented successfully in several low- and middle-income countries. Although information on outcomes is generally lacking, a large project in Brazil has documented notable impacts on health-system efficiency. Meta-analyses and rigorous trials have documented the benefits of text messaging for improving outcomes such as patients' self-care. Automated telephone monitoring and self-care support calls have been shown to improve some outcomes of chronic disease management, such as glycaemia and blood pressure control, in low- and middle-income countries. Although large programmes for e-health implementation and research are being conducted in many low- and middle-income countries, more information on the impacts of e-health on outcomes and costs in these settings is still needed.	None	developing world; health care; information and communication technology; information system; public health; article; automation; blood pressure regulation; chronic disease; clinical decision making; clinical practice; cost effectiveness analysis; decision support system; developing country; disease surveillance; e health system; electronic medical record; glycemic control; health care cost; health care quality; health care system; health services research; hospital information system; human; information service; low income country; mass communication; medical informatics; meta analysis (topic); middle income country; outcome assessment; picture archiving and communication system; quality adjusted life year; randomized controlled trial (topic); self care; text messaging; Developing Countries; Efficiency; Efficiency, Organizational; Electronic Health Records; Health Care Costs; Hospital Information Systems; Humans; Income; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Socioeconomic Factors; Telemedicine; World Health	None
WoS	WOS:000303784900011	Impacts of e-health on the outcomes of care in low- and middle-income countries: where do we go from here?	Fraser, Hamish S. F.,Khoja, Shariq R.,Lun, K. C.,Mechael, Patricia N.,Moura, Lincoln A., Jr.,Piette, John D.,Powell, John	2012	BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION	90	5	10.2471/BLT.11.099069	Aga Khan University, Columbia University, Harvard University, National University of Singapore, University of Warwick, Assis Mouse eHlth, Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Ctr Clin Management Res & D	"Fraser, Hamish S. F.: Harvard University","Khoja, Shariq R.: Aga Khan University","Lun, K. C.: National University of Singapore","Mechael, Patricia N.: Columbia University","Powell, John: University of Warwick",	E-health encompasses a diverse set of informatics tools that have been designed to improve public health and health care. Little information is available on the impacts of e-health programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore conducted a scoping review of the published and non-published literature to identify data on the effects of e-health on health outcomes and costs. The emphasis was on the identification of unanswered questions for future research, particularly on topics relevant to low- and middle-income countries. Although e-health tools supporting clinical practice have growing penetration globally, there is more evidence of benefits for tools that support clinical decisions and laboratory information systems than for those that support picture archiving and communication systems. Community information systems for disease surveillance have been implemented successfully in several low- and middle-income countries. Although information on outcomes is generally lacking, a large project in Brazil has documented notable impacts on health-system efficiency. Meta-analyses and rigorous trials have documented the benefits of text messaging for improving outcomes such as patients' self-care. Automated telephone monitoring and self-care support calls have been shown to improve some outcomes of chronic disease management, such as glycaemia and blood pressure control, in low- and middle-income countries. Although large programmes for e-health implementation and research are being conducted in many low- and middle-income countries, more information on the impacts of e-health on outcomes and costs in these settings is still needed.	,BEHAVIOR-CHANGE,"DISEASE PREVENTION",FOLLOW-UP,IMPLEMENTATION,"LABORATORY INFORMATION-SYSTEM",RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,SELF-CARE,"SHORT-MESSAGE SERVICE",SOUTH-AFRICA,SUPPORT	None	None
WoS	WOS:000284293900010	The impact of an emergency hiring plan on the shortage and distribution of nurses in Kenya: the importance of information systems	Gross, J. M.,Kamenju, A.,Kiriinya, R.,Oywer, E.,Rakuom, C.,Riley, P. L.,Rogers, M. F.,Wambua, D.,Waudo, A.,Willy, R.	2010	BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION	88	11	10.2471/BLT.09.072678	Emory University, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Govt Kenya, Kenya Hlth Workforce Project, Nursing Council Kenya	"Gross, J. M.: Emory University","Rogers, M. F.: Emory University",	Objective To analyse the effect of Kenya's Emergency Hiring Plan for nurses on their inequitable distribution in rural and underserved areas. Methods We used data from the Kenya Health Workforce Informatics System on the nursing workforce to determine the effect of the Emergency Hiring Plan on nurse shortages and maldistribution. The total number of nurses, the number of nurses per 100 000 population and the opening of previously closed or new heath facilities were recorded. Findings Of the 18 181 nurses employed in Kenya's public sector in 2009, 1836 (10%) had been recruited since 2005 through the Emergency Hiring Plan. Nursing staff increased by 7% in hospitals, 13% in health centres and 15% in dispensaries. North Eastern province, which includes some of the most remote areas, benefited most: the number of nurses per 100 000 population increased by 37%. The next greatest increase was in Nyanza province, which has the highest prevalence of HIV infection in Kenya. Emergency Hiring Plan nurses enabled the number of functioning public health facilities to increase by 29%. By February 2010, 94% of the nurses hired under pre-recruitment absorption agreements had entered the civil service. Conclusion The Emergency Hiring Plan for nurses significantly increased health services in Kenya's rural and underserved areas over the short term. Preliminary indicators of sustainability are promising, as most nurses hired are now civil servants. However, continued monitoring will be necessary over the long term to evaluate future nurse retention. The accurate workforce data provided by the Kenya Health Workforce Informatics System were essential for evaluating the effect of the Emergency Hiring Plan.	,BRAIN-DRAIN,HEALTH,HUMAN-RESOURCES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000242431900008	Accelerating reproductive and child health programme impact with community-based services: the Navrongo experiment in Ghana	Bawah, Ayaga A.,Binka, Fred N.,Phillips, James F.	2006	BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION	84	12	None	University of Ghana	None	Objective To determine the demographic and health impact of deploying health service nurses and volunteers to village locations with a view to scaling up results. Methods. A four-celled plausibility trial was used for testing the impact of aligning community health services with the traditional social institutions that organize village life, Data from the Navrongo Demographic Surveillance System that tracks fertility and mortality events over time were used to estimate impact on fertility and mortality. Results. Assigning nurses to community locations reduced childhood mortality rates by over half in 3 years and accelerated the time taken for attainment of the child survival Millennium Development Goal (MDG) in the study areas to 8 years. Fertility was also reduced by 15%, representing a decline of one birth in the total fertility rate. Programme costs added US$ 1.92 per capita to the US$ 6.80 per capita primary health care budget. Conclusion. Assigning nurses to community locations where they provide basic curative and preventive care substantially reduces childhood mortality and accelerates progress towards attainment of the child survival MDG. Approaches using community volunteers, however, have no impact on mortality. The results also demonstrate that increasing access to contraceptive supplies alone fails to address the social costs of fertility regulation. Effective deployment of volunteers and community mobilization strategies offsets the social constraints on the adoption of contraception. The research in Navrongo thus demonstrates that affordable and sustainable means of combining nurse services with volunteer action can accelerate attainment of both the International Conference on Population and Development agenda and the MDGs.	,AFRICA,FERTILITY,INNOVATION,KASSENA-NANKANA,MORTALITY,"NORTHERN GHANA",PROJECT,PUBLIC-HEALTH	None	None
WoS	WOS:000248813700009	An evaluation of infant immunization in Africa: is a transformation in progress?	Arevshatian, L.,Clements, C. J.,Lwanga, S. K.,Misore, A. O.,Ndumbe, P.,Seward, J. F.,Taylor, P.	2007	BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION	85	6	10.2471/BLT.06.031526	University of Yaounde I, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, IMMUNIZATIONbasics, Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth, Minist Hlth	None	Objective To assess the progress made towards meeting the goals of the African Regional Strategic Plan of the Expanded Programme on Immunization between 2001 and 2005. Methods We reviewed data from national infant immunization programmes in the 46 countries of WHO's African Region, reviewed the literature and analysed existing data sources. We carried out face-to-face and telephone interviews with relevant staff members at regional and subregional levels. Findings The African Region fell short of the target for 80% of countries to achieve at least 80% immunization coverage by 2005. However, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-3 coverage increased by 15%, from 54% in 2000 to 69% in 2004. As a result, we estimate that the number of nonimmunized children declined from 1.4 million in 2002 to 900 000 in 2004. In 2004, four of seven countries with endemic or re-established wild polio virus had coverage of 50% or less, and some neighbouring countries at high risk of importation did not meet the 80% vaccination target. Reported measles cases dropped from 520 000 in 2000 to 316 000 in 2005, and mortality was reduced by approximately 60% when compared to 1999 baseline levels. A network of measles and yellow fever laboratories had been established in 29 countries by July 2005. Conclusions Rates of immunization coverage are improving dramatically in the WHO African Region. The huge increases in spending on immunization and the related improvements in programme performance are linked predominantly to increases in donor funding.	,IMPACT,VACCINATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938510013	The effects of knowledge sharing and knowledge application on service recovery performance	Boateng H., Agyemang F.G.	2015	Business Information Review	32	2	10.1177/0266382115587852	University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Spiritan University College, Ghana	Boateng, H., University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Agyemang, F.G., Spiritan University College, Ghana	This study set out to discover the effects of knowledge sharing (KS) and knowledge application (KA) on service recovery performance (SRP) through survey-based research. The population of the study consisted of front-line employees of hotels in Accra. The study found significant and positive effects of both KS and KA on SRP. Data were analysed using linear and multiple regression. © 2015, © The Author(s) 2015.	Hospitality sector; knowledge application; knowledge management; knowledge sharing; service recovery performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650356805	The use of real options valuation methodology in enhancing the understanding of the impact of climate change on companies	Tyler E., Chivaka R.	2011	Business Strategy and the Environment	20	1	10.1002/bse.668	Genesis Analytics, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Accounting University of Cape Town, South Africa	Tyler, E., Genesis Analytics, Cape Town, South Africa; Chivaka, R., Department of Accounting University of Cape Town, South Africa	Climate change has in recent years gathered traction on the business, political and social agenda. From the business perspective, research has shown that climate change impacts on company value are uncertain, significant and strategically important. The challenge therefore is for the business community to apply financial valuation models that support the incorporation of the climate change impacts in strategic planning. However, the commonly used discounted cash flow techniques in capital budgeting are seen as failing to address the high levels of uncertainties inherent in climate change impacts. Real options thinking has been touted as having the potential to enhance understanding of these impacts via its direct handling of uncertainty, although not much research has been done to demonstrate this. Using an illustrative case study, this research presents an argument for introducing the real options approach, a new method for valuing options of future strategic action by companies in a setting that exhibits climate change impacts. The objective of this research is to contribute to the literature on strategic tools for addressing climate change and ultimately offer some management insights that can narrow the gap between finance theory and business practice. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Biomass power generation projects; Case study; Clean development mechanism; Climate change; Discounted cash flow; Financial valuation techniques; Real options; Strategic investment	business cycle; clean development mechanism; climate change; climate effect; industrial investment; industrial policy; industrial production; research work; uncertainty analysis; valuation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923427644	Self-governance for sustainable global supply chains: Can it deliver the impacts needed?	Vermeulen W.J.V.	2015	Business Strategy and the Environment	24	2	10.1002/bse.1804	Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands; Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Vermeulen, W.J.V., Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands, Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The world community convened in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 for the third UN Conference on Sustainable Development. We are, however, increasingly facing major persistent threats, which despite being known for a few decades are still far from being solved - or are even still increasing. On the individual business level, this has four major implications: increased social pressures; possible reputational damage; exposure to resource wars; and front-running competitors adjusting their value chain strategies. In supply chain governance this leads to four main types of strategies: do it yourself; join forces; the 5C-approach and harmonising. The key question is: is this sufficient? Imagine 2022 - where will we be 10 years after Rio 2012? Is a rapid and structural transition to a circular and fair global economy possible, using this path of self-governance for products traded in the global economic arena? This will strongly depend on four key factors: rapid growth of consumer demand; 'all-inclusiveness' of these supply chain governance approaches; successful uplifting production practices of all suppliers; and addressing the major issues of unsustainability. Here we see various serious weaknesses, like the lack of third-order evaluation and biases causing some of the more recent issues to be overlooked and less visible supply chains. The challenge is to develop a form of 'meta'-governance, including new approaches by governments, combining public policy strategies with the demonstrated virtues of self-governance. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Certification; Global trade; Governance; Sustainable supply chains	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455127170	Executive directors' contracts: Poor performance rewarded	Dandira M.	2011	Business Strategy Series	12	3	10.1108/17515631111130121	Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Dandira, M., Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Purpose To help companies find ways of reducing costs when an executive director leaves an organisation because of poor performance or at the end of a contract. Design/methodology/approach The author has conducted research in organizations that have executives on contracts for three to five years, identifies how executive directors are heavily rewarded when their contract ends voluntarily or involuntarily. Researches in organisations have shown that if you sign a contract as an executive director there is no incentive for excellent performance because most contracts of executives are designed in such a way that poor performance can be rewarded indirectly. Findings Very few executives in Zimbabwe work through their contracts up to the end especially in parastatals due to what is perceived as poor performance but they are always met with a "golden handshake" as they call it though they have not contributed much except the demise of the organisation. Practical implications Ways are provided for organisations to follow and try to mitigate the costs of paying executives when they leave organisations unceremoniously or when their contracts end without renewal. Originality/value This paper gives practical advice from situations in organizations and helps organisations to take into account the costs implications involved when an executive director leaves the organisation before the end of contract or poor performance. © 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Balanced scorecards; Glass ceilings; Severance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957520713	The impact of executive directors' service contracts on strategic plan	Dandira M.	2011	Business Strategy Series	12	1	10.1108/17515631111106830	Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Dandira, M., Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Purpose The purpose of this paper is to help boards of directors to find ways of establishing continuity in the strategic plan when strategists are employed on contract leave before the end of the strategic plan period. Design/methodology/approach The author has conducted research in organisations that have executives on contracts of three to five years, and identifies how strategic plans are negatively affected when executives on contract especially top management leave organisations when their contracts ends. Research in organisations has shown that strategic plans usually have longer periods than the contract of the strategist, and contract renewal is sometimes not obvious. Findings The length of the strategist's contract and the length of the strategic plan have not been taken into account when crafting strategic plans in organisations and appointing executive directors. This scenario has caused a lot of strategy failures. Practical implications Ways are provided for boards of directors and organisations to foster a culture of continuity of the strategic plan even when executives leave the organisation unceremoniously or when their contracts end and are not renewed. Originality/value This paper gives practical advice from situations in organisations and helps boards of directors to take into account the duration of strategic plans when employing executives. © 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Contract workers; Corporate strategy; Mission achievement; Strategic planning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959751367	Irrigation in West-African Sahel. Diversity of practices and levels of performance [L'agriculture irriguée dans le Sahel ouest-africain :Diversité des pratiques et des performances]	Barbier B., Ouedraogo H., Dembélé Y., Yacouba H., Barry B., Jamin J.-Y.	2011	Cahiers Agricultures	20	42371	10.1684/agr.2011.0475	Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 01 BP 596 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France; GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Arid s/c 2iE, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Inera, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso; IWMI, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana	Barbier, B., Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 01 BP 596 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso, Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France, GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, H., Arid s/c 2iE, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Dembélé, Y., Inera, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso; Yacouba, H., GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Barry, B., IWMI, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Jamin, J.-Y., Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France	Irrigation in SahelianWest African countries covers a wide variety of systems and practices. In this paper, we discuss various technical and managerial options including free or controlled submersion, improved inland valleys, flood recession cropping, and full control in small and large irrigation schemes through a classification developed by national experts in five Sahelian countries. Governments are currently promoting two strategies. One is based on large schemes, with foreign or national private investment. The other is based on small private irrigation approches.Water constraints are not very strongly taken into account, as the priority is to develop new schemes in order to reach food security for fast growing cities.	Irrigation methods; Sahel; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959709463	Use-value or performance: Towards a better understanding of small reservoirs in sub-Saharan Africa [Valeurs d'usage ou performances techniques: Comment apprécier le rôle des petits barrages en Afrique subsaharienne?]	Venot J.-P., Cecchi P.	2011	Cahiers Agricultures	20	42371	10.1684/agr.2010.0457	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; IRD, UMR G-Eau, Cemagref-Hortus, 361, rue J-F Breton BP 5095, 34196 Montpellier cedex 5, France	Venot, J.-P., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Cecchi, P., IRD, UMR G-Eau, Cemagref-Hortus, 361, rue J-F Breton BP 5095, 34196 Montpellier cedex 5, France	Small reservoirs are a reality of rural sub-Saharan Africa. They trigger technical and institutional innovations, appear to be in high demand among local communities, and remain popular on the agendas of national policy-makers and international development partners in spite of recurrent analyses highlighting that these systems function well below the expectations of their promoters. This paper proposes an analytical framework to understand this apparent contradiction. Local communities do make use of small reservoirs inmany ways but not always as implied by policy discourses and development strategies. Social, eco-technical and managerial analyses would then not disclose the real use-value of these innovations at either the local or the regional (watershed) scales. Understanding the opportunities and risks linked to an intensificationof themultipleuses of small reservoirs requires considering them as rural development and planning interventions. They induce changes in the relations that societies nurture with their environment and catalyze new and multiple claims and uses that sometimes appearconflictual and irreconcilable.	Evaluation; Innovation; Land use planning; Subsaharan Africa; Water reservoirs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938591460	Beyond Static Models: An Evaluation of Present Status and Future Prospects for Iron Age Research in Southern Africa	Fredriksen P.D., Chirikure S.	2015	Cambridge Archaeological Journal	25	3	10.1017/S0959774314001115	Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1019, Oslo, Norway; Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Fredriksen, P.D., Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1019, Oslo, Norway, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Chirikure, S., Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	To what extent do we need structuralist cognitive settlement models such as the Central Cattle Pattern and the Zimbabwe Pattern for future research and understanding of Iron Age social life in southern Africa? How will alternative approaches enable us to progress beyond the present status of knowledge? While the three last decades of debate have underpinned key aspects of archaeological inquiry, notably questions of social change, gender dynamics, analytical scale and the use of ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological insights, the sometimes entrenched nature of the debate has in other respects hindered development of new approaches and restrained the range of themes and topics scholars engage with. In this article, we identify the issues of analytical scale and recursiveness as key to the development of future approaches and present an alternative framework through empirically grounded discussion of three central Iron Age themes: ceramics and the microscale, the spatiality of metal production and the temporality of stonewalled architecture. © 2015 The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.	None	None	None
None	None	Solar electricity generation: Issues of development and impact on ICT implementation in Africa	Paul D.I., Uhomoibhi J.	2014	Campus-Wide Information Systems	31	1	10.1108/CWIS-05-2013-0018	The Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom	Paul, D.I., The Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Uhomoibhi, J., University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss, in-depth, how solar electricity can be developed and used to tackle grid electricity-related problems in African countries suffering from unreliable and inadequate grid electricity. Design/methodology/approach: The paper discusses in depth the current status of grid electricity in Africa continent and suggested solar electricity as an alternative cost-effective method to the existing grid electricity problem in remote areas. An extensive analysis of the major contribution of solar electricity in various sectors such as economic, health, communication, social and environmental benefits is provided. The paper concludes with a discussion on how solar power generation can be developed. Findings: The paper shows that in developed countries where ICT has been applied extensively, ICT offers increased opportunities for sustainable economic development and plays a critical role in rapid economic growth, productive capacity improvements, education, government, agriculture and international competitiveness enhancement. The paper has pointed out that ICT has yet to make significant impact in most African countries due to lack of reliable and adequate electricity. Solar electricity has been seen as the most cost-effective way of generating electricity, especially in remote rural areas, for ICT devices. For the widespread of solar power generation in Africa, various strategies have been identified which include training of qualified solar engineers and technicians, establishing PV markets and business modes, introduction of solar energy education in schools and universities, political leaders appreciating solar electricity as one of the major energy component, lowering initial cost of the PV technology, availability of finance mechanisms for rural communities, import tax exemption and African countries regarding rural electricity as one of the basic needs. Practical implications: The paper shows that the problems of lack of qualified solar technicians and established PV markets and business modes (especially in remote areas), lack of solar energy education in schools have to be addressed before the benefits of ICT in Africa can be seen. Other issues include African countries appreciating solar electricity as one of the major energy component, lowering initial cost of the PV technology, availability of finance mechanisms for customers, import tax exemption and African countries regarding rural electricity as one of the basic needs like food, shelter and clothing. Overhaul of existing systems needs to take place in order to provide the means to deal with some of these issues. Originality/value: Availability of reliable electrical energy remains crucial for development of ICT in rural African countries. Solar electricity is clearly one of the most promising prospects to the grid electricity problem in African countries because most African countries lie in the sunshine belt. The paper raises awareness about this in a unique way and suggests some novel measures about increasing the availability of solar systems for solar power generation. It is anticipated that the increases in solar power generation, especially in remote areas, will increase the use and application of ICT in various sectors. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Information and communication technology; Problems facing African countries; Remote rural areas; Solar electricity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930338805	Genetic parameter estimation and evaluation of duroc boars for feed efficiency and component traits	MacNeil M.D., Kemp R.A.	2015	Canadian Journal of Animal Science	95	2	10.4141/CJAS-2014-089	Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Rd., Miles City, MT, United States; Animal and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; RAK Genetic Consulting Ltd, 54 Coachwood Point W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada	MacNeil, M.D., Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Rd., Miles City, MT, United States, Animal and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Kemp, R.A., RAK Genetic Consulting Ltd, 54 Coachwood Point W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada	MacNeil, M. D. and Kemp, R. A. 2015. Genetic parameter estimation and evaluation of Duroc boars for feed efficiency and component traits. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 155-159. The objective of this research was to produce a genetic evaluation for traits related to feed efficiency of Duroc boars. Meeting this objective required partitioning phenotypic (co)variance into additive genetic and environmental components for feed intake and traits indicative of growth and body composition. Boars (N=3291) were housed in group pens of 22 to 24 animals with two electronic feeders per pen and feed intake was recorded for 8 to 14 wk. Body weight was recorded for each boar at the start and end of test, at approximately 100 kg and at up to three times during the test. The pedigree used contained sire and dam of each boar with at least one recorded phenotype (N=4651) and their maternal and paternal grandsires. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood for animal models in a series of uni-variate and bi-variate analyses. Two multiple trait genetic evaluations were conducted to predict estimated breeding value for feed intake using animal models. The first evaluation included feed intake (h2=0.33±0.05), age at 100 kg (h2=0.31±0.04), and subcutaneous fat depth (h2=0.47±0.05). The second genetic evaluation included feed intake, average daily gain (h2=0.27±0.04), mid-test weight (h2=0.33±0.05), and subcutaneous fat depth. Genetic correlations of feed intake with age at 100 kg and fat depth were -0.80±0.05 and  0.57±0.08, respectively. Estimated breeding values for measures of feed efficiency (residual feed intake and residual gain) were calculated from the results of the second analysis and the associated additive genetic (co)variance components.	Feed efficiency; Production; Swine; Variance components	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649121417	Centrifugal pump performance calculation for homogeneous suspensions	Graham L.J.W., Pullum L., Slatter P., Sery G., Rudman M.	2009	Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering	87	4	10.1002/cjce.20192	CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Graham, L.J.W., CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Pullum, L., Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Slatter, P., Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sery, G., Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Rudman, M., CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Centrifugal pumps are widely used for transporting suspensions, but their head performance is derated when non-Newtonian fluids and/or coarse solids are present. Some head deration methods are available for high viscosity Newtonian fluids, Bingham plastic fluids and for coarse solids in water. This paper presents a modification of the Hydraulic Institute head deration method that is suitable for any homogeneous non-Newtonian rheology. A modification of the Walker and Goulas method is also considered. Possible anomalous behaviour of kaolin slurries in centrifugal pumps is discussed. ©2009 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering.	Multiphase flows	Bingham plastic fluids; Head performance; Homogeneous suspensions; Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian rheology; Centrifugal pumps; Fluid dynamics; Hydraulic machinery; Kaolin; Multiphase flow; Newtonian liquids; Non Newtonian flow; Pumping plants; Pumps; Rheology; Viscosity; Suspensions (fluids)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29244454556	Furoyl and thiophene carbonyl linker pyrazolyl palladium(II) complexes - Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation as ethylene oligomerization catalysts	Ojwach S.O., Tshivhase M.G., Guzei I.A., Darkwa J., Mapolie S.F.	2005	Canadian Journal of Chemistry	83	42528	10.1139/v05-092	Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States	Ojwach, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Tshivhase, M.G., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Guzei, I.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Mapolie, S.F., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Reactions of 2-furoyl chloride and 2-thiophene carbonyl chloride with substituted pyrazoles produced the modified pyrazolyl compounds: {(3,5-Me 2pzCO)-2-C4H3O} (L1), {(3,5-Me 2pzCO)-2-C4H3S} (L2), {(3,5-t-Bu 2pzCO)-2-C4H3O} (L3), {(3,5-t-Bu 2pzCO)-2-C4H3S} (L4), {(3,5-Ph 2pzCO)-2-C4H3S} (L5), and {(pzCO)-2-C 4H3O} (L6) in good yields. Reactions of these synthons with [Pd(NCMe)2Cl2] afforded the corresponding mononuclear palladium(II) complexes: [Pd(L1)2Cl2] (1), [Pd(L2) 2Cl2] (2), [Pd(L3)2Cl2] (3), [Pd(L4)2Cl2] (4), [Pd(L5)2Cl2] (5), and [Pd(L6)2Cl2] (6) in moderate to high yields. All compounds synthesized were characterized by a combination of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Compounds L1, 1, and 2 were examined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. DFT theoretical studies at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory with GAUSSIAN98 have been used to rationalize some of the results. When the complexes were activated with ethylaluminium dichloride (EtAlCl2), they catalysed the oligomerization of ethylene to mostly C10 and C12 oligomers. Oligomer distribution greatly depends on the oligomerization conditions; for example, an increase in temperature and pressure produced a higher percentage of C12 compared to C10. © 2005 NRC Canada.	Ethylene oligomerization; Furoyl and thiophene carbonyl linker pyrazolyl compounds; Palladium complexes	Ethylene; Infrared spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oligomers; Polymerization; Single crystals; X ray crystallography; Ethylene oligomerization; Furoyl and thiopene carbonyl linker pyrazolal compounds; Oligomerization; Pyrazoles; Thiopene; Palladium compounds; 2 furoyl chloride; 2 thiophene carbonyl chloride; aluminum derivative; carbon; carbonyl derivative; ethylaluminum dichloride; ethylene; furan derivative; furoyl derivative; palladium complex; pyrazole derivative; thiophene derivative; unclassified drug; article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; catalyst; chemical modification; chemical reaction; complex formation; density functional theory; evaluation; infrared spectroscopy; molecular size; oligomerization; pressure; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; synthesis; temperature; X ray crystallography	None
None	None	Performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in the removal of Tannins	Njau K.N., Renalda M.	2010	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering	37	3	10.1139/L09-161	Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Njau, K.N., Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Renalda, M., Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) was employed to remove tannins from the effluent of a tannins extracting company. Two HSSFCW cells with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 d and packed with limestone were used. One cell without macrophytes was used as a control, while the second cell was planted with Phragmites mauritianus. Results indicated that HSSFCW was capable of treating tannin wastewater that has been seeded with primary facultative pond sludge. Tannins and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.9% and 90.6% with outlet concentration of 27 mg/L and 86 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the planted cell; while the tannins and COD removal efficiency of 91.1% and 89.5% with outlet concentration of 57 mg/L and 96 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the control cell.	Biodegradation; Constructed wetlands; Performance; Tannins; Tannins wastewater; Wattle	Chemical oxygen demand removals; COD removal efficiency; Constructed wetlands; Control-cell; Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands; Hydraulic retention time; Macrophytes; Outlet concentration; Performance; Phragmites; Primary facultative ponds; Agriculture; Biodegradation; Biological water treatment; Degradation; Effluents; Microbiology; Oxygen; Removal; Roads and streets; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Wetlands; Chemical oxygen demand; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; concentration (composition); constructed wetland; limestone; performance assessment; pollutant removal; subsurface flow; tannin; waste treatment; Phragmites mauritianus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930350143	Inhibition and compressive-strength performance of na<inf>2</inf>cr<inf>2</inf>o<inf>7</inf> and C<inf>10</inf>H<inf>14</inf>n<inf>2</inf>na<inf>2</inf>o<inf>8</inf>·2h<inf>2</inf>o in steel-reinforced concrete in corrosive environments	Okeniyi J.O., Oladele I.O., Omoniyi O.M., Loto C.A., Popoola A.P.I.	2015	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering	42	6	10.1139/cjce-2014-0364	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Okeniyi, J.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Oladele, I.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Omoniyi, O.M., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Loto, C.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Popoola, A.P.I., Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper studied corrosion-inhibition and compressive-strength performances of Na<inf>2</inf>Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> (sodium dichromate) and C<inf>10</inf>H<inf>14</inf>N<inf>2</inf>Na<inf>2</inf>O<inf>8</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O (ethylenediaminetetraacetic disodium salt: EDTA-Na2) admixtures in steel-reinforced concrete immersed in NaCl and in H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> corrosive environments. Electrochemical methods were used for studying corrosion responses of different concentrations of the individual admixtures and their synergies, in the model that partially replace the toxic Na<inf>2</inf>Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> by the environmentally-friendly C<inf>10</inf>H<inf>14</inf>N<inf>2</inf>Na<inf>2</inf>O<inf>8</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O, in steel-reinforced concretes. After the electrochemical experiment, the steel-reinforced concrete samples were subjected to the compressive-strength testing and analyses of ASTM C39/C39M-03 and ASTM C267-01(2012). Results showed that the use of environmentally-friendly EDTA-Na<inf>2</inf> for partially replacing toxic Na2Cr2O7 chemical exhibited better corrosion-inhibition and compressive-strength improvement in the NaCl-immersed concretes, than in the H2SO4-immersed concretes. The 2 g Na<inf>2</inf>Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> + 6 g EDTA-Na<inf>2</inf> admixture (representing partial replacement model of 6 g Na<inf>2</inf>Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> by 6 g EDTA-Na<inf>2</inf>) exhibited optimal corrosion inhibition efficiency (η = 99.0%) and very good compressive-strength improvement advantage in the NaCl-immersed concretes. In contrast, comparatively low compressive-strength reduction tradeoff with the good inhibition effectiveness of η = 79.9% support use of 6 g EDTA-Na<inf>2</inf> admixture only (i.e., without Na<inf>2</inf>Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> addition) for inhibiting reinforcing-steel corrosion in the H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>-immersed concretes.	C<inf>10</inf>H<inf>14</inf>N<inf>2</inf>Na<inf>2</inf>O<inf>8</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O; Compressive strength; Concrete steel-reinforcement; Corrosion inhibition; Corrosive environments; Na<inf>2</inf>Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf>; Statistical distribution	Columns (structural); Composite structures; Concrete additives; Concrete testing; Concretes; Corrosion; Corrosion inhibitors; Reinforced concrete; Steel testing; Compressive strength testing; Corrosion inhibition; Corrosion inhibition efficiency; Corrosive environment; Electrochemical experiments; Low compressive strengths; Statistical distribution; Steel reinforcements; Compressive strength; compressive strength; concentration (composition); corrosion; reinforced concrete; sodium chloride	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952258408	New zircon shock phenomena and their use for dating and reconstruction of large impact structures revealed by electron nanobeam (EBSD, CL, EDS) and isotopic U-Pb and (U-Th)/he analysis of the vredefort dome	Moser D.E., Cupelli C.L., Barker I.R., Flowers R.M., Bowman J.R., Wooden J., Hart J.R.	2011	Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences	48	2	10.1139/E11-011	Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Geology and Environmental Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Themba Labs, Somerset West 7129, Johannesburg, South Africa	Moser, D.E., Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Cupelli, C.L., Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Barker, I.R., Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Flowers, R.M., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Bowman, J.R., Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Wooden, J., Department of Geology and Environmental Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Hart, J.R., Themba Labs, Somerset West 7129, Johannesburg, South Africa	Integrated electron nanobeam (EBSD, CL, EDS) and isotopic measurements (U-Pb, (U-Th)/He) of zircon from the collar and centre of the 80 km wide central uplift of the 2020 ± 3 Ma Vredefort impact structure reveal new shock features in a microstructural progression related to impact basin formation and degree of U-Pb age resetting: (1) planar fractures in {1K0} and {1K2} orientation during initial shock wave compression; (2) curviplanar fractures in {1K1} orientation, now annealed, which host glassy inclusions of partial melt of the host rock; (3) microtwin lamellae in an orientation of 65° about [110], attributed to shock wave rarefaction; (4) nucleation of impact-age crystallites, possibly on microtwins, during post-shock heating by impact melt; and (5) crystal-plastic deformation linked to crater modification of the core of the central uplift. Planar fracturing and microtwinning ≥20 GPa in "cold shock" zircon in granitoid at a radial distance of 25 km failed to reset zircon age. Single-grain ID-TIMS data extend between pre-impact age of 2077 ± 11 Ma and a secondary Pb-loss event at ca. 1.0 Ga - the latter reflecting Kibaran igneous activity between 1.110 and 1.021 Ga. Age resetting by the impact event operated in an ~ 15 km wide "hot shock" zone of impact-elevated temperatures ≥700°C at the core of the central uplift. Mechanisms include internal recrystallization, defect-accelerated Pb diffusion via shock microstructures and melt films, and late crystal-plastic deformation. Igneous zircons from a 2019 ± 2 Ma foliated norite impact melt yield a mean (U-Th)/He date of 923 ± 61 Ma, indicating exposure of the present surface after this time.	None	Cold shock; Elevated temperature; Host rocks; Igneous activity; Impact basins; Impact events; Impact melt; Impact structures; Isotopic measurement; Micro-structural; Microtwinning; Microtwins; Partial melt; Pre-impact; Radial distance; Recrystallizations; Shock features; Shock heating; Shock wave compression; Zircon age; Fracture; Gallium; Isotopes; Lead; Nanowires; Plastic deformation; Shock waves; Silicate minerals; Zircon; Crystal orientation; compression; crystallization; deformation mechanism; diffusion; electron; granitoid; igneous rock; isotopic analysis; measurement method; melt; microstructure; reconstruction; shock wave; temperature effect; uplift; uranium-lead dating; zircon; Free State; South Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17144408765	Geophysical evidence for a pre-impact Sudbury dome, southern Superior Province, Canada	Prevec S.A., Cowan D.R., Cooper G.R.J.	2005	Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences	42	1	10.1139/E04-097	Terrestrial Impact Cratering Res., Hugh Allsopp Laboratory, School of Geosciences, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa; Department of Geology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Cowan Geodata Services, Dalkeith, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa	Prevec, S.A., Terrestrial Impact Cratering Res., Hugh Allsopp Laboratory, School of Geosciences, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa, Department of Geology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Cowan, D.R., Cowan Geodata Services, Dalkeith, WA 6009, Australia; Cooper, G.R.J., Department of Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa	New filtering of aeromagnetic images of the Sudbury area indicates the existence of a large, elliptical feature that appears to underlie the deformed Sudbury Structure in the region of the exposed Levack Gneiss Complex, such that the two features have long axes which are significantly orthogonal to one another. A north-south-oriented ellipse appears to be crosscut by that of the Sudbury Structure and does not correspond to known local lithological or structural trends. The magnetic images, combined with existing tectonic, petrological, geothermometric and geobarometric, and geochronological data, are used to suggest the existence of a pre-impact crustal dome in the southernmost Abitibi subprovince,probably related to ca.2450 Ma rifting and magmatism in the area. This is consistent with existing petrological and tectonic evidence from a variety of sources. Although the doming is itself unrelated to the ca. 1850 Ma Sudbury event, it may have affected the thermal regime existing at the time of impact, which would have profound implications for the subsequent evolution of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. © 2005 NRC Canada.	None	Earth sciences; Geochronology; Geophysical prospecting; Lithology; Petrology; Tectonics; Aeromagnetic images; Crustal domes; Geothermometry; Magmatism; Domes; aeromagnetic survey; dome; geological structure; Canada; North America; Ontario; Sudbury Structure; Western Hemisphere; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865357190	Targeting bigger schools can reduce ecosystem impacts of fisheries	Dagorn L., Filmalter J.D., Forget F., Amandè M.J., Hall M.A., Williams P., Murua H., Ariz J., Chavance P., Bez N.	2012	Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences	69	9	10.1139/F2012-089	Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, P.O. Box 570, Victoria, Seychelles; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203 Sète CEDEX, France; Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, United States; Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), BP D5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia; AZTI-Tecnalia / Herrera Kaia. Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), C.O. de Canarias, Calle General Gutiérrez n4, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain	Dagorn, L., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, P.O. Box 570, Victoria, Seychelles; Filmalter, J.D., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, P.O. Box 570, Victoria, Seychelles, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Forget, F., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, P.O. Box 570, Victoria, Seychelles, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Amandè, M.J., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203 Sète CEDEX, France; Hall, M.A., Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508, United States; Williams, P., Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), BP D5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia; Murua, H., AZTI-Tecnalia / Herrera Kaia. Portualdea, z/g, 20110 Pasaia (Gipuzkoa), Spain; Ariz, J., Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), C.O. de Canarias, Calle General Gutiérrez n4, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Chavance, P., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203 Sète CEDEX, France; Bez, N., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203 Sète CEDEX, France	Sustainability of living resource exploitation relies on an ecosystem management approach. Within tropical tuna purse seine fisheries using fish aggregating devices (FADs), such an approach incorporates the reduction of bycatch, in particular vulnerable species such as elasmobranchs. The levels of total bycatch (in mass) from fishing operations using FADs is known to be five times higher than when tuna are caught in free-swimming schools. We intend to find practical solutions to reduce bycatch in FAD sets through the investigation of the relationships between the ratio of bycatch to target catch across different set size classes in all oceans. Ratios were always highest when catches were small, with the smallest class of catches responsible for the highest total portion of bycatch (23%-43%) while only contributing negligibly to the total target catch (3%-10%). Reducing the number of fishing sets (a part of the total effort) while maintaining the same total yield could contribute to a substantial reduction in the impacts of human activities.	None	bycatch; catch statistics; ecological impact; ecosystem management; fish; fish aggregating device; fishery management; fishing effort; human activity; sustainability; tuna fishery; vulnerability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874785233	Effectiveness of an integrated hatchery program: Can genetic-based performance differences between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon be avoided?	Hayes M.C., Reisenbichler R.R., Rubin S.P., Drake D.C., Stenberg K.D., Young S.F.	2013	Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences	70	2	10.1139/cjfas-2012-0138	Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501, United States	Hayes, M.C., Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; Reisenbichler, R.R., Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; Rubin, S.P., Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; Drake, D.C., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Stenberg, K.D., Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; Young, S.F., Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501, United States	Performance of wild (W) and hatchery (H) spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was evaluated for a sixth generation hatchery program. Management techniques to minimize genetic divergence from the wild stock included regular use of wild brood stock and volitional releases of juveniles. Performance of HH, WW, and HW (hatchery female spawned with wild male) crosses was compared in hatchery and stream environments. The WW juveniles emigrated from the hatchery at two to three times the rate of HH fish in the fall (HW intermediate) and 35% more HH than WW adults returned (27% more HW than WW adults). Performance in the stream did not differ statistically between HH and WW fish, but out migrants (38% WW, 30% HW, and 32% HH fish) during the first 39 days of the 16-month sampling period composed 74% of total out migrants. Differences among hatchery-reared crosses were partially due to additive genetic effects, were consistent with domestication (increased fitness for the hatchery population in the hatchery program), and suggested that selection against fall emigration from the hatchery was a possible mechanism of domestication.	None	domestication; emigration; generation time; genetic analysis; genetic differentiation; hatching; integrated approach; migration; performance assessment; population structure; salmonid; spawning; stream; wild population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949133447	Soil properties that impact yeast and actinomycete numbers in sandy low nutrient soils	Vreulink J.-M., Esterhuyse A., Jacobs K., Botha A.	2007	Canadian Journal of Microbiology	53	12	10.1139/W07-092	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Vreulink, J.-M., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Esterhuyse, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Jacobs, K., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Botha, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa	To explore the beneficial qualities or detrimental consequences of cultureable soil yeasts, it is important to understand which physicochemical soil properties most impact populations of these unicellular fungi in their natural habitat. The goal of this study was to determine which soil properties dictate yeast numbers in pristine sandy, low nutrient soils within a semi-arid region. A correlation matrix of the data obtained for 19 different environmental variables indicated a negative correlation between soil pH and yeast numbers. Using general regression models, it was demonstrated that soil pH and copper concentration were the 2 variables that correlated best with soil yeast counts in these soils. However, soil moisture content was found to be the environmental factor with the most impact on cultureable actinomycetes and heterotrophic microbes. The study also demonstrated that divalent cation availability might impact the size of both yeast and prokaryote populations in these soils. © 2007 NRC.	Bacteria; Ecology; Soil; Soil chemistry; Yeasts	Bacteria; Biodiversity; Microbiology; Nutrients; pH effects; Yeast; Environmental variables; Semi-arid region; Soil chemistry; Soil yeasts; Soils; concentration (composition); environmental factor; nutrient availability; pH; physicochemical property; semiarid region; soil chemistry; soil microorganism; soil property; yeast; Actinobacteria; article; cation transport; correlation analysis; environmental factor; microbial community; moisture; nonhuman; nutrient availability; pH measurement; physical chemistry; priority journal; regression analysis; sandy soil; soil property; yeast; Actinobacteria; Cations, Divalent; Fertilizers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Regression Analysis; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Yeasts; Actinobacteria (class); Prokaryota; Protofungi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347208621	Memory performance in HIV/AIDS - A prospective case control study	Odiase F.E., Ogunrin O.A., Ogunniyi A.A.	2007	Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences	34	2	None	Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1	Odiase, F.E., Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria; Ogunrin, O.A., Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ogunniyi, A.A., Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Memory impairment, usually impaired retrieval of information, has been described in HIV/AIDS, especially among those with severe illness. Neuro-cognitive disturbances in HIV/AIDS have been linked to poor quality of life and medication adherence. This prospective, case-control study was designed to assess the verbal and non-verbal memory as well as the attention abilities of Nigerian Africans with HIV/AIDS and correlate their performances with their CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4+) counts. Methods: A total of 288 randomly selected subjects, comprising 96 HIV-positive symptomatic patients, 96 HIV-positive asymptomatic patients and 96 HIV-negative controls, participated in the study. The subjects were age-, sex-, and level of education matched. The Recognition Memory Test and Choice Reaction Time tasks, components of the computer-assisted neuropsychological tests battery- the Iron Psychology 'FePsy' were used for cognitive assessments. Results: The mean memory scores of the HIV-positive asymptomatic subjects did not differ significantly from the controls (p>0.05) but the HIV-positive symptomatic subjects' scores were significantly lower than the controls (p<0.05). Both HIV-positive groups had psychomotor slowing and impaired attention (p<0.05). The HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ counts <200/μl and between 200 and 499/μl had significant memory impairment (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively) but there was no significant impairment among those with count ≥500/μl. Impaired ability for sustained attention was however present irrespective of the CD4+ level relative to controls (p<0.001). Conclusions: We concluded that there was no significant memory disturbance among HIV-positive asymptomatic subjects despite the presence of impaired attention and psychomotor slowing, and that the severity of immune suppression (as indicated by the CD4+ T lymphocytes count) is a strong determinant of cognitive decline in HIV/AIDS.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; attention disturbance; case control study; CD4 lymphocyte count; cognitive defect; controlled study; disease severity; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; major clinical study; male; memory; memory disorder; neuropsychological test; priority journal; psychomotor disorder; quality of life; response time; verbal memory; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cognition; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Reaction Time; Recognition (Psychology); Verbal Behavior; Verbal Learning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873365599	Compositional dependence of the performance of bulk hetrojunction solar cells based on PTOPT and PCBM	Abera N., Tessema G.	2013	Canadian Journal of Physics	91	1	10.1139/cjp-2012-0340	Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Chemisty and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Abera, N., Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tessema, G., School of Chemisty and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The compositional dependence of the performance of the blends of [3-(4-octylphenol)-2,2′-bithiophene] (PTOPT) and 6,6-phenyl-C61-butric acid methyl ester (PCBM) sandwiched between ITO/PEDOT:PSS and Al was studied. The observed dark current-voltage curves showed that the current (J) is space charge limited except at low voltages (V). The best power conversion efficiency (η) and short circuit current (JSC) were found at 72% PCBM loading. Moreover, we have observed significant reduction on the fill factor with increasing PCBM concentration due to high recombination of charge carriers. The impedances across the electrodes were discussed based on low frequency impedance analyzer measurements. © 2013 Published by NRC Research Press.	None	Bithiophenes; Compositional dependence; Dark current-voltage; Fill factor; Low voltages; Low-frequency impedance; Methyl esters; Power conversion efficiencies; Space-charge limited; Physics; Conversion efficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945575156	Evaluation of the performance of sorghumgenotypes using gge biplot	Gasura E., Setimela P.S., Souta C.M.	2015	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	95	6	10.4141/CJPS-2015-119	Department of Crop Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, P.O. Box MP163, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Rattray Arnold Research Station, Seed Co. Pvt Ltd, P.O. Box CH142, Chisipite, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gasura, E., Department of Crop Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Setimela, P.S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, P.O. Box MP163, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Souta, C.M., Rattray Arnold Research Station, Seed Co. Pvt Ltd, P.O. Box CH142, Chisipite, Harare, Zimbabwe	In spite of sorghum’s drought tolerance, it is largely affected by genotype´environment interaction (GE), making it difficult and expensive to select and recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the nature of GE for sorghum grain yield, to identify superior sorghum genotypes for sorghum production environments and determine ideal testing locations for future breeding activities in Zimbabwe. The grain yield of 20 sorghum genotypes from Seed Co. Pvt. Ltd. were evaluated for 2 yr (2011/2012 and 2012/ 2013 cropping seasons) at five locations in different agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe. Combined analyses of variance showed significant differences for genotypes (PB0.01), environments (PB0.001) and genotype-location (PB0.01). Genotype´environment variance component was seven times greater than that of genotypes. Genotype-environment interaction was attributed to the variability in the predictable biotic and abiotic factors associated with the different locations. The genotype main effect plus GE biplot showed that the experimental sorghum genotypes W07, W09, W05, G06 and OP46 were high yielding and stable, and possessed other desirable agronomic traits. The most discriminating and representative location was Rattray Arnold Research Station. © 2015, Agricultural Institute of Canada. All rights reserved.	Genotype×environment interaction; Ideal testing environment; Sorghum; Stability	agricultural ecosystem; agronomy; crop performance; crop yield; drought resistance; environmental factor; genotype-environment interaction; grass; spatiotemporal analysis; variance analysis; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650429812	Performance of tropical early-maturing maize cultivars in multiple stress environments	Badu-Apraku B., Menkir A., Ajala S.O., Akinwale R.O., Oyekunle M., Obeng-Antwi K.	2010	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	90	6	10.4141/CJPS10059	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Ajala, S.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obeng-Antwi, K., Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana	Maize (Zea mays L.) production in west Africa (WA) is constrained by drought, Striga hermonthica infestation and low soil nitrogen (N). Maize varieties resistant to Striga, drought, and low N are ideal for WA, but genotype×, environment interaction on these traits are usually significant due to differential responses of cultivars to growing conditions. Three studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at five locations in Nigeria to evaluate the performance of selected early-maturing cultivars under drought stress versus well-watered, Striga-infested versus Striga-free, and in low- versus high-N environments. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 44%, Striga infestation by 65%, and low N by 40%. GGE biplot analysis showed that the genotypes TZE-W DT STR C4, Tillering Early DT, TZE-W DT STR QPM C0 and TZE-Y DT STR C4 performed relatively well in all study environments. TZE-W DT STR C4 and TZE Comp3 C1F2 were outstanding under drought, TZE-W DT STR C4, EVDT-W 99 STR QPM C0 and TZE-W DT STR QPMC0 under Striga infestation and Tillering Early DT, EVDT 97 STRC1, TZE-W DT STR C4, and TZE Comp3 C3 under N deficiency. Maize productivity in WA can be significantly improved by promoting cultivation of genotypes that combine high resistance/tolerance to Striga and drought with improved N-use efficiency.	Genotype × Environment interaction; GGE biplot; Low-N tolerance; Managed drought stress; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays L.	cultivar; cultivation; drought stress; genotype-environment interaction; growing season; maize; maturation; parasitic plant; soil nitrogen; tillering; tropical region; Nigeria; Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945538270	Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in striga-infested and striga-free environments	Badu-Apraku B., Yallou C., Oyekunle M., Akinwale R., Aweke G., Kamara A.	2015	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	95	6	10.4141/CJPS-2015-056	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Yallou, C., INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aweke, G., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Kamara, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom	Despite the immense potential of maize (Zea mays L.) in savannas of West and Central Africa (WCA), production and productivity is constrained by Strigahermonthica parasitism. Sixteen early-maturing cultivars were evaluated at two locations in Nigeria and three locations in the Republic of Benin from 2007 to 2009 to assess the grain yield, stability and the consistency of the rankings of the cultivars under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. The combined analysis of variance showed significant (P<0.01) cultivar and cultivar´environment interactions for grain yield and other traits under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. The test of concordance was significant (P<0.001) for grain yield (W=0.68), number of emerged Striga plants (W=0.74) and Striga damage (W=0.56) under Striga infestation, indicating stability of resistance in the cultivars developed from diverse sources under artificial S. hermonthica infestation across environments. There was high consistency of the rankings of the cultivars for grain yield and other Striga-resistance traits under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments in Benin and Nigeria. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis for grain yield revealed POOL15SR/ACR94TZECOMP5-W/ACR94TZECOMP5-W and 2004 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 as the most stable cultivars with above-average mean grain yield in Striga-infested environments and they can be combined with other crop management options to control the parasite in the Striga endemic environments. Cultivars TZE Comp 5-W C7F2 and TZE Comp5-Y C6 S6 (Set B) had less Striga damage and number of emerged Striga plants across test environments. These cultivars could therefore serve as unique sources of favorable alleles for improving Striga resistance in maize in different production environments and farming systems. © 2015, Agricultural Institute of Canada. All rights reserved.	Early-maturing cultivar; Genotype × environment interaction; Host plant resistance; Savanna; Stability of performance; Striga infestation	crop yield; cultivar; dicotyledon; disease resistance; genotype-environment interaction; host plant; infectivity; maize; maturation; parasitic plant; parasitism; performance assessment; savanna; spatiotemporal analysis; variance analysis; Benin [West Africa]; Central Africa; Nigeria; Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879307225	Assessing the representativeness and repeatability of test locations for genotype evaluation	Badu-Apraku B., Akinwale R.O., Obeng-Antwi K., Haruna A., Kanton R., Usman I., Ado S.G., Coulibaly N., Yallou G.C., Oyekunle M.	2013	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	93	4	10.4141/CJPS2012-136	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria; Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali; Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin; Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Nigeria	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R.O., Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria; Obeng-Antwi, K., Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; Haruna, A., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; Kanton, R., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; Usman, I., Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Nigeria; Ado, S.G., Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Nigeria; Coulibaly, N., Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali; Yallou, G.C., Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom	The selection of suitable breeding and testing sites is crucial to the success of a maize (Zea mays L.) improvement programme. Twelve early-maturing maize cultivars were evaluated for 3 yr at 16 locations in West Africa to determine the representativeness, discriminating ability, and repeatability of the testing sites and to identify core testing sites. Genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis revealed that Zaria (Nigeria), Nyankpala (Ghana), and Ejura (Ghana) displayed the highest discriminating ability. Two mega-environments were identified. Bagou, Nyankpala, Bagauda, Ikenne, and Mokwa constituted the first mega-environment (ME1); Ejura, Ina and Sotuba represented the second (ME2). The ME1 would be more useful for evaluating early maize genotypes for tolerance to drought than ME2 because locations in ME1 were more strongly correlated to Ikenne (managed drought stress site). Among the test locations, Bagou and Mokwa were found to be closely related to Ikenne in their ranking of the cultivars for drought tolerance; Zaria was the exact opposite, indicating that this was the least suitable location for evaluating genotypes for drought tolerance. Nyankpala and Ikenne were identified as the core testing sites for ME1 and Ejura for ME2. TZE Comp 3 C2F2 was identified as the highest yielding cultivar for ME1 and Syn DTE STR-Y for ME2, indicating that they could be used as check cultivars. Ikenne, Nyankpala, and Ejura had moderately high repeatability. They were closer to the average environment axis of each mega-environment and will be useful for culling unstable genotypes during multi-locational testing. Other sites were less representative and not repeatable and will not be useful for evaluating early maize cultivars for drought tolerance.	Core testing sites; drought stress; GGE biplot; maize; repeatability	correlation; crop improvement; culling; cultivar; discriminant analysis; genotype; maize; maturation; adaptation; assessment method; drought stress; reproductive behavior; selection; tolerance; West Africa; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000295110800006	Long-Term Impact of Residual Symptoms in Treatment-Resistant Depression	Cleare, Anthony J.,Fekadu, Abebaw,Markopoulou, Kalypso,Poon, Lucia,Rane, Lena J.,Wooderson, Sarah C.	2011	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE	56	9	None	Addis Ababa University, Kings College London, University of London, S London & Maudsley Natl Hlth Serv Trust, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust	None	Objective: Although commonly encountered, little work has defined the longitudinal course of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and the influence of residual posttreatment symptoms on longer-term outcome. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of posttreatment clinical states on longer-term outcome. Method: Patients (n = 118) with TRD received specialist inpatient treatment and were followed-up for a median of 3 years. Longitudinal outcome dichotomized into good and poor outcome was used as the primary outcome and functional measures were used as secondary outcomes. Results: Among 118 treated patients, 40 (34%) entered clinical remission, 36 (31%) entered partial remission, and 42 (37%) remained in episode at discharge. At follow-up, 35% had longitudinally defined poor outcome. Posttreatment clinical status was the main predictor of both poor and good outcome. Nearly 50% of patients achieved postdischarge recovery, and subsequently had longer-term outcome, comparable with patients discharged in remission. Patients who remained in episode posttreatment were more symptomatically and functionally impaired. Conclusion: Posttreatment clinical states are a useful guide to clinicians for projecting the longer-term outcome of patients with TRD. The persistence of residual or syndromal symptoms predicts a poorer longer-term outcome, whereas treatment to remission is associated with better outcomes.	COURSE,"FOLLOW-UP STUDY",OUTCOME,"treatment-refractory depression","treatment-resistant depression",FOLLOW-UP,IMIPRAMINE,ISSUES,"MAJOR DEPRESSION",OUTCOMES,"PARTIAL REMISSION",RATING-SCALE,RECURRENCE,RELAPSE,STAR-ASTERISK-D	None	None
WoS	WOS:000257863300008	Southern African AIDS Trust - An evaluation of the process and outcomes of community-based partner graduation	Ismail, Hamida,Simon, Lisa D.	2008	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE	99	None	None	McMaster University, University of Toronto, So African AIDS Trust	None	Objectives: To assess the partner graduation process used by SAT, the barriers partners face to graduation, and the outcomes following graduation, as well as to recommend directions for formalizing the graduation process into a more efficient and effective strategy. Methods: The quantitative component of this evaluation described existing data on graduated partners. The qualitative component collected data through semi-structured interviews with SAT regional and national staff, and both current long-term and graduated partners, with an emphasis on SAT's operations in Zambia and Zimbabwe. A participatory staff workshop allowed for the review of findings and recommendations. Results: SAT has graduated 31 implementing partners in its 5 core programming countries, after an average partnership duration of 6.5 years each. The graduation process has generally operated in accordance with SAT's guidelines regarding criteria and timeline, but has also involved considerable judgement, as SAT does not form explicit graduation strategies with partners. Key barriers to graduation included partners' challenges with resource mobilization and high staff turnover, as well as the reduced clarity around the graduation process itself for both SAT staff and partners. The outcomes of the graduated partners interviewed revealed strong sustainability of organizational systems, but mixed sustainability of financial resources and resource-dependent features. SAT staff provided many recommendations for addressing partners' challenges, and for improving and formalizing the graduation process. Discussion: The efficiency and sustainability of SAT's work could be improved with the development of an explicit and individualized graduation strategy with each partner. An enhanced and earlier focus on fundraising, sustainability, and human resources would also remove barriers to graduation and help improve outcomes.	Africa,"EVALUATION STUDIES",HIV,ORGANIZATIONS,SOUTHERN,"World health"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952546769	The mineralogy of pyrrhotite from Sudbury CCN and Phoenix nickel ores and its effect on flotation performance	Becker M., Bradshaw D., De Villiers J.	2011	Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly	50	1	10.1179/000844311X552269	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Julius Krutschnitt Mineral Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Becker, M., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bradshaw, D., Julius Krutschnitt Mineral Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; De Villiers, J., Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The non-stoichiometric sulphide pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS), common to many nickel ores, occurs in a variety of crystallographic forms and compositions. In order to manipulate its performance in nickel processing operations either to target the recovery or rejection or pyrrhotite, one needs an understanding of pyrrhotite mineralogy, reactivity and the effect this may have on its flotation performance. In this study, a non-magnetic Fe 9S10 pyrrhotite from Sudbury CCN in Canada and a magnetic Fe7S8 pyrrhotite from Phoenix in Botswana were selected to explore the relationship between mineralogy, reactivity and microflotation. Non-magnetic Sudbury pyrrhotite was less reactive in terms of its oxygen uptake and showed the best collectorless flotation recovery. Magnetic Phoenix pyrrhotite was more reactive and showed poor collectorless flotation, which was significantly improved with the addition of xanthate and copper activation. These differences in reactivity and flotation performance are interpreted to be a result of the pyrrhotite mineralogy, the implications of which may aid in the manipulation of flotation performance. © 2011 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.	Mineralogy; Oxidation; Pyrrhotite; Reactivity; Sulphide flotation	Botswana; Copper activation; Flotation performance; Flotation recovery; Microflotation; Nickel ores; Nonmagnetics; Oxygen uptake; Processing operations; Pyrrhotite; Reactivity; Sulphide flotation; Crystallography; Flotation; Mineralogy; Minerals; Nickel; Ore treatment; Oxidation; Oxygen; Iron ores	None
None	None	In vitro evaluation of dichloro-bis(pyrazole)palladium(II) and dichloro-bis(pyrazole)platinum(II) complexes as anticancer agents	Keter F.K., Kanyanda S., Lyantagaye S.S.L., Darkwa J., Rees D.J.G., Meyer M.	2008	Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology	63	1	10.1007/s00280-008-0721-y	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Keter, F.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Kanyanda, S., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Lyantagaye, S.S.L., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Rees, D.J.G., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Introduction: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) was first identified for its anti-bacterial activity, and was later also shown to be an efficient anticancer agent. However, the therapeutic use of this anticancer drug is somewhat limited by its toxic side effects, which include nephrotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting. Furthermore the development of drug-resistant tumours is commonly observed following therapy with cisplatin. Hence there is a need for improved platinum derived drugs to overcome these limitations. Aims: Apoptosis contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents such as cisplatin; therefore in this study the potential anticancer properties of a series of pyrazole palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PdCl 2] {R = H (1), R = Me (2)} and [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PtCl 2] {R = H (3), R = Me (4)}, were evaluated by assessment of their pro-apoptotic activity. Methods: The induction of apoptosis was measured in CHO cells by the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure using the annexin V and APOPercentage™ assays; DNA fragmentation using the Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) assay; and the detection of activated caspase-3. Results: The platinum complexes were shown to be considerably more active than the palladium complexes, with complex 3 demonstrating the highest level of cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity. The LD 50 values for complex 3 and cisplatin were 20 and 70 μM, respectively, demonstrating that the cytotoxic activity for complex 3 was three times higher than for cisplatin. Various human cancer cell lines, including CaSki, HeLa, as well as the p53 mutant Jurkat T cell line were also shown to be susceptible to complex 3. Conclusions: Collectively, this in vitro study provides insights into action of palladium and platinum complexes and demonstrates the potential use of these compounds, and in particular complex 3, in the development of new anticancer agents. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anticancer; Apoptosis; Bis(pyrazole)palladium(II); Bis(pyrazole)platinum(II); Cisplatin; Cytotoxicity	antineoplastic agent; caspase 3; cisplatin; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)platinum; dichlorobis(pyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(pyrazole)platinum; lipocortin 5; palladium complex; phosphatidylserine; platinum complex; unclassified drug; animal cell; apoptosis; article; cancer cell culture; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA fragmentation; drug screening; enzyme activation; human; human cell; in vitro study; LD 50; nick end labeling; nonhuman; priority journal; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hela Cells; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Organoplatinum Compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907190446	Impact of variety type and particle size distribution on starch enzymatic hydrolysis and functional properties of tef flours	Abebe W., Collar C., Ronda F.	2014	Carbohydrate Polymers	115	None	10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.080	College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain	Abebe, W., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Collar, C., Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Ronda, F., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain	Tef grain is becoming very attractive in the Western countries since it is a gluten-free grain with appreciated nutritional advantages. However there is little information of its functional properties and starch digestibility and how they are affected by variety type and particle size distribution. This work evaluates the effect of the grain variety and the mill used on tef flour physico-chemical and functional properties, mainly derived from starch behavior. In vitro starch digestibility of the flours by Englyst method was assessed. Two types of mills were used to obtain whole flours of different granulation. Rice and wheat flours were analyzed as references. Protein molecular weight distribution and flour structure by SEM were also analyzed to justify some of the differences found among the cereals studied. Tef cultivar and mill type exhibited important effect on granulation, bulking density and starch damage, affecting the processing performance of the flours and determining the hydration and pasting properties. The color was darker although one of the white varieties had a lightness near the reference flours. Different granulation of tef flour induced different in vitro starch digestibility. The disc attrition mill led to higher starch digestibility rate index and rapidly available glucose, probably as consequence of a higher damaged starch content. The results confirm the adequacy of tef flour as ingredient in the formulation of new cereal based foods and the importance of the variety and the mill on its functional properties. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Functional properties; In vitro starch digestibility; Milling; Tef	Functional properties; In-vitro; Tef; Variety types; Milling (machining); enzyme; starch; vegetable protein; cereal; chemistry; digestion; flour; food handling; hydrolysis; mechanics; metabolism; particle size; pigmentation; Cereals; Digestion; Enzymes; Flour; Food Handling; Hydrolysis; Mechanical Processes; Particle Size; Pigmentation; Plant Proteins; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956492674	Biosorption of lead(II) onto pine cone powder: Studies on biosorption performance and process design to minimize biosorbent mass	Ofomaja A.E., Naidoo E.B.	2010	Carbohydrate Polymers	82	4	10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.024	Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. bag X021, Vanderbiljpark 1900, South Africa	Ofomaja, A.E., Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. bag X021, Vanderbiljpark 1900, South Africa; Naidoo, E.B., Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. bag X021, Vanderbiljpark 1900, South Africa	Biosorption kinetic modeling is frequently performed on both raw and modified biosorbents and changes in model parameters observed. Comparative studies on the relationship between best fitting model parameters and biosorption performance for raw and modified is scares in literature. In the present study, the effect of surface modification on the kinetic parameters of the best fitting kinetic model (pseudo-second order) for biosorption of lead(II) ions onto Raw and NaOH modified pine cone powder was examined and related with biosorption performance for each sample. Equilibrium biosorption studies performed showed that the Langmuir-1 isotherm gave a better fitting of the equilibrium data for all samples indicating that biosorption sites are homogenous regardless of surface modification. Based on the Langmuir-1 isotherm, a two-stage batch adsorber was designed to predict the minimum biosorbent amount to achieve a specified percentage lead(II) removal. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Biosorption performance; Kinetic parameters; Langmuir-1 model; NaOH modification; Optimization of biosorbent mass; Pseudo-second order model	Adsorbers; Biosorbents; Comparative studies; Equilibrium data; Fitting model; Kinetic modeling; Kinetic models; Langmuirs; Lead ions; Lead removal; Model parameters; NaOH modification; Pine cone; Pseudo second order; Pseudo-second order model; Surface modification; Two stage; Adsorption; Isotherms; Kinetic parameters; Optimization; Process engineering; Biosorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859581476	Evaluation of 19 susceptibility loci of breast cancer in women of African ancestry	Huo D., Zheng Y., Ogundiran T.O., Adebamowo C., Nathanson K.L., Domchek S.M., Rebbeck T.R., Simon M.S., John E.M., Hennis A., Nemesure B., Wu S.-Y., Leske M.C., Ambs S., Niu Q., Zhang J., Cox N.J., Olopade O.I.	2012	Carcinogenesis	33	4	10.1093/carcin/bgs093	Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of	Huo, D., Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Zheng, Y., Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Ogundiran, T.O., Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adebamowo, C., Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nathanson, K.L., Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Domchek, S.M., Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Rebbeck, T.R., Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Simon, M.S., Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; John, E.M., Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, United States, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States; Hennis, A., Chronic Disease Research Centre, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados; Nemesure, B., Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Wu, S.-Y., Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Leske, M.C., Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Ambs, S., Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Niu, Q., Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Zhang, J., Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Cox, N.J., Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Olopade, O.I., Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, United States	Multiple breast cancer susceptibility loci have been identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in populations of European and Asian ancestry using array chips optimized for populations of European ancestry. It is important to examine whether these loci are associated with breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry. We evaluated 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 19 loci in a pooled case-control study of breast cancer, which included 1509 cases and 1383 controls. Cases and controls were enrolled in Nigeria, Barbados and the USA; all women were of African ancestry. We found significant associations for three SNPs, which were in the same direction and of similar magnitude as those reported in previous fine-mapping studies in women of African ancestry. The allelic odds ratios were 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.47; P = 0.018] for the rs2981578-G allele (10q26/FGFR2), 1.34 (95% CI: 1.10-1.63; P = 0.0035) for the rs9397435-G allele (6q25) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00-1.25; P = 0.04) for the rs3104793-C allele (16q12). Although a significant association was observed for an additional index SNP (rs3817198), it was in the opposite direction to prior GWAS studies. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of applying current GWAS findings across racial/ethnic groups, as none of GWAS-identified index SNPs could be replicated in women of African ancestry. Further fine-mapping studies in women of African ancestry will be needed to reveal additional and causal variants for breast cancer. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.	None	adult; Africa; allele; article; Asia; Barbados; breast cancer; cancer risk; cancer susceptibility; controlled study; ethnicity; Europe; female; gene locus; gene mapping; genetic association; genetic risk; genetic susceptibility; human; major clinical study; Nigeria; priority journal; single nucleotide polymorphism; United States; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866356252	Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated left ventricular dysfunction within the Johannesburg teaching hospital complex	Pepeta L., Cilliers A.M.	2012	Cardiology in the Young	22	5	10.1017/S1047951112000078	Paediatrics Department, Dora Nginza Hospital, Walter Sisulu University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Pepeta, L., Paediatrics Department, Dora Nginza Hospital, Walter Sisulu University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Cilliers, A.M., Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objective To analyse the outcome of children with left ventricular dysfunction placed on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Method This study is a retrospective review of records of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive children with left ventricular dysfunction. Demographic data were collected. Left ventricular fractional shortening, CD4 percentage, viral load, and nutritional status were compared before and during antiretroviral therapy. Results We reviewed the records of 34 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive children with left ventricular dysfunction. In all, 18 patients received antiretroviral therapy (group one) and 16 were antiretroviral therapy naive (group two). The median age of group one at initial visit was 94 months, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Of those, 17 children showed improved left ventricular function on treatment, with an increase in fractional shortening (median: 17-33.5%; p less than 0.0001). There was no significant statistical difference between the groups regarding initial fractional shortening. In group one, the CD4 percentage improved (median: 12% to 30.5%; p less than 0.0001), with viral load suppression (median: 24,900 copies per millilitre to less than 25 copies per millilitre; p less than 0.0001). There was weight gain in group one (median z-score: -1.70 to -1.32; p equal to 0.0083). Proper statistical analysis in group two was not possible because of poor follow-up of patients. Conclusion The findings are in keeping with other reports that have shown improvement in left ventricular function in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated cardiomyopathy treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Recovery of myocardial function is associated with improvement in immunological and nutritional statuses. © Copyright 2012 Cambridge University Press.	immunological status; Myocardial function; nutritional status	abacavir; acetylsalicylic acid; antiretrovirus agent; carvedilol; didanosine; digitalis; digoxin; efavirenz; enalapril; furosemide; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; potassium; spironolactone; stavudine; zidovudine; adolescent; article; cardiomyopathy; CD4 lymphocyte percentage; child; child health care; clinical article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; convalescence; demography; disease association; drug effect; drug safety; drug substitution; drug withdrawal; female; follow up; heart contraction; heart failure; heart left ventricle failure; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune status; immunoreactivity; infant; lactic acidosis; male; medical record review; mitochondrial toxicity; nutritional status; outcome assessment; preschool child; school child; sex ratio; teaching hospital; treatment duration; virus load; weight gain; Adolescent; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Incidence; Male; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874092176	Statistical profiling of hospital performance using acute coronary syndrome mortality	Manda S.O.M., Gale C.P., Hall A.S., Gilthorpe M.S.	2012	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	23	10	10.5830/CVJA-2011-064	Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom	Manda, S.O.M., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Gale, C.P., Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Hall, A.S., Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Gilthorpe, M.S., Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom	Background: In order to improve the quality of care delivered to patients and to enable patient choice, public reports comparing hospital performances are routinely published. Robust systems of hospital 'report cards' on performance monitoring and evaluation are therefore crucial in medical decision-making processes. In particular, such systems should effectively account for and minimise systematic differences with regard to definitions and data quality, care and treatment quality, and 'case mix'. Methods: Four methods for assessing hospital performance on mortality outcome measures were considered. The methods included combinations of Bayesian fixed- and randomeffects models, and risk-adjusted mortality rate, and rankbased profiling techniques. The methods were empirically compared using 30-day mortality in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Agreement was firstly assessed using median estimates between risk-adjusted mortality rates for a hospital and between ranks associated with a hospital's risk-adjusted mortality rates. Secondly, assessment of agreement was based on a classification of hospitals into low, normal or high performing using risk-adjusted mortality rates and ranks. Results: There was poor agreement between the point estimates of risk-adjusted mortality rates, but better agreement between ranks. However, for categorised performance, the observed agreement between the methods' classification of the hospital performance ranged from 90 to 98%. In only two of the six possible pair-wise comparisons was agreement reasonable, as reflected by a Kappa statistic; it was 0.71 between the methods of identifying outliers with the fixedeffect model and 0.77 with the hierarchical model. In the remaining four pair-wise comparisons, the agreement was, at best, moderate. Conclusions: Even though the inconsistencies among the studied methods raise questions about which hospitals performed better or worse than others, it seems that the choice of the definition of outlying performance is less critical than that of the statistical approach. Therefore there is a need to find robust systems of 'regulation' or 'performance monitoring' that are meaningful to health service practitioners and providers.	Bayesian methods; Health provider performance; League tables	acute coronary syndrome; age; article; bayesian fixed model; cardiovascular mortality; case mix; comparative study; electrocardiogram; health care personnel; heart rate; hospital admission; human; kappa statistics; outcomes research; performance; probability; random effect model; rank based profiling; receiver operating characteristic; risk adjusted mortality rate; risk assessment; risk factor; standardized mortality ratio; statistical model; systolic blood pressure; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Bayes Theorem; Delivery of Health Care; Diagnosis-Related Groups; Hospital Mortality; Hospitals; Humans; Models, Statistical; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Quality Improvement; Quality Indicators, Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941918872	Performance of re-used pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators compared with new devices at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa	Jama Z.V., Chin A., Badri M., Mayosi B.M.	2015	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	26	4	10.5830/CVJA-2015-048	Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; College of Medicine, King Saudi Bin, Abdulaziz University for Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	Jama, Z.V., Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Chin, A., Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Badri, M., College of Medicine, King Saudi Bin, Abdulaziz University for Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Mayosi, B.M., Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Objectives: Little is known about the performance of re-used pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in Africa. We sought to compare the risk of infection and the rate of malfunction of re-used pacemakers and ICDs with new devices implanted at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This was a retrospective case comparison study of the performance of re-used pacemakers and ICDs in comparison with new devices implanted at Groote Schuur Hospital over a 10-year period. The outcomes were incidence of device infection, device malfunction, early battery depletion, and device removal due to infection, malfunction, or early battery depletion. Results: Data for 126 devices implanted in 126 patients between 2003 and 2013 were analysed, of which 102 (81%) were pacemakers (51 re-used and 51 new) and 24 (19%) were ICDs (12 re-used and 12 new). There was no device infection, malfunction, early battery depletion or device removal in either the re-used or new pacemaker groups over the median follow up of 15.1 months [interquartile range (IQR), 1.3-36.24 months] for the re-used pacemakers, and 55.8 months (IQR, 20.3-77.8 months) for the new pacemakers. In the ICD group, no device infection occurred over a median follow up of 35.9 months (IQR, 17.0-70.9 months) for the re-used ICDs and 45.7 months (IQR, 37.6-53.7 months) for the new ICDs. One device delivered inappropriate shocks, which resolved without intervention and with no harm to the patient. This re-used ICD subsequently needed generator replacement 14 months later. In both the pacemaker and ICD groups, there were no procedure-non-related infections documented for the respective follow-up periods. Conclusion: No significant differences were found in performance between re-used and new pacemakers and ICDs with regard to infection rates, device malfunction, battery life and device removal for complications. Pacemaker and ICD re-use is feasible and safe and is a viable option for patients with bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrthythmias.	ICDs; Pacemakers; Performance; Re-used devices; Safety	advanced cancer; aged; arthritis; Article; atherosclerosis; bacterial endocarditis; cancer mortality; cause of death; cerebrovascular accident; chronic obstructive lung disease; comorbidity; controlled study; dementia; device comparison; device malfunction; device removal; diabetic angiopathy; female; follow up; human; immobility; implantable cardioverter defibrillator; incidence; infection risk; leg amputation; major clinical study; male; medical device complication; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection; outcome assessment; pacemaker; pacemaker implantation; recycling; retrospective study; sepsis; South Africa; supraventricular tachycardia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908393217	Epidemiological African day for evaluation of patients at risk of venous thrombosis in acute hospital care settings	Kingue S., Bakilo L., Ze Minkande J., Fifen I., Gureja Y.P., Razafimahandry H.J.C., Okubadejo N., Mvuala R., Oke D.A., Manga A., Rajaonera T., Nwadinigwe C., Pay Pay E., Rabearivony N.	2014	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	25	4	10.5830/CVJA-2014-025	Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic Ngaliema, Kinshasa, DRC, Congo; Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Hospital Gynéco Obstetrique et Pédiatrique, Yaoundé, Cameroon; SANOFI, No	Kingue, S., Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Bakilo, L., Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic Ngaliema, Kinshasa, DRC, Congo; Ze Minkande, J., Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Hospital Gynéco Obstetrique et Pédiatrique, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Fifen, I., SANOFI, North-East Africa, Lagos, Nigeria; Gureja, Y.P., Orthopaedic Department, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Razafimahandry, H.J.C., Antananarivo, Madagascar; Okubadejo, N., Department of Neurology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Mvuala, R., Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic Ngaliema, Kinshasa, DRC, Congo; Oke, D.A., Department of Cardiology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Manga, A., Orthopaedic Department, Hopital du Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Rajaonera, T., Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Mother and Child Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Nwadinigwe, C., National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Pay Pay, E., Orthopaedic Department, Clinic Ngaliema, Kinshasa, DRC, Congo; Rabearivony, N., Department of Cardiology, Mother and Child Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar	Introduction: This study aimed to identify patients at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) among all patients hospitalised, and to determine the proportion of at-risk hospital patients who received effective types of VTE prophylaxis in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: A multinational, observational, cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1 583 at-risk patients throughout five SSA countries. Results: The prevalence of VTE risk was 50.4% overall, 62.3% in medical and 43.8% in surgical patients. The proportion of at-risk patients receiving prophylaxis was 51.5% overall, 36.2% in medical and 64% in surgical patients. Low-molecular weight heparin was the most frequently used prophylactic method in 40.2% overall, 23.1% in medical and 49.9% in surgical patients. Discussion: This study showed a high prevalence of VTE risk among hospitalised patients and that less than half of all at-risk patients received an American College of Clinical Pharmacy-recommended method of prophylaxis. Conclusion: Recommended VTE prophylaxis is underused in SSA.	ENDORSE-Africa; Thromboprophylaxis; Venous thromboembolism	acetylsalicylic acid; contraceptive agent; low molecular weight heparin; anticoagulant agent; adult; Africa south of the Sahara; anticoagulant therapy; Article; body mass; cardiovascular risk; chronic lung disease; controlled study; cross-sectional study; drug contraindication; emergency care; female; health survey; heart failure; hormone substitution; hospital care; hospital patient; hospitalization; human; immobility; major clinical study; male; multicenter study (topic); obesity; observational study; pregnancy; prevalence; retrospective study; surgical patient; thrombophilia; thrombosis prevention; varicosis; venous thromboembolism; clinical trial; follow up; hospital; incidence; middle aged; multicenter study; procedures; risk assessment; risk factor; statistics and numerical data; Venous Thrombosis; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Anticoagulants; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Venous Thrombosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69949099120	Impact of income on the profile of cardiovascular risk factors among hypertensives in a Nigerian tertiary health centre: A cross-sectional study	Karaye K.M., Okeahialam B.N., Wali S.S.	2009	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	20	4	None	Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu, Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Murtala Muhammad Specialists' Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Karaye, K.M., Department of Medicine, Bayero University and Aminu, Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Okeahialam, B.N., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; Wali, S.S., Department of Medicine, Murtala Muhammad Specialists' Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Background: In most developed countries, risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are more prevalent in low socioeconomic classes. However, the pattern in developing countries appears to be different. This study sought to evaluate and compare risk factors for CVD as well as absolute CVD risk in hypertensive subjects grouped by income in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design and carried out in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Seventy treatment-naïve hypertensives and an equal number of hypertensives on treatment were recruited by balloting from the outpatient clinics, and then regrouped into low- and high-income earners. These two groups were then compared in terms of their profile of CVD risk factors and absolute CVD risk. All the assessed CVD risk factors are recognised in standard guidelines for the management of persons with systemic hypertension. Results: The low-income group comprised 45 patients (32.1%) while the remaining 95 (67.9%) had a high income. The most prevalent CVD risk factor was dyslipidaemia, found in 77.8 and 71.6% of low- and high-income earners, respectively (p = 0.437). The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher among low-income earners (42.2%) compared with high-income earners (15.8%) (p = 0.001). Mean serum creatinine was also higher among low-income earners but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.154). Very high CVD risk was found in 75.6 and 70.5% of low- and high-income earners, respectively (p = 0.535). Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia and very high CVD risk were found in over 71% of the patients regardless of their level of income. Low-income earners had a higher prevalence of indices of renal damage. These findings pose a great challenge to the present and future management of all subjects, particularly those in the low-income group, given that in Nigeria, healthcare is largely paid for directly out of their pockets.	None	creatinine; adult; article; cardiovascular risk; comparative study; controlled study; creatinine blood level; cross-sectional study; dyslipidemia; female; health center; human; hypertension; income; kidney injury; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; outpatient department; practice guideline; prevalence; proteinuria; social class; social status; tertiary health care; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Income; Logistic Models; Nigeria; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901020774	Impact of prehypertension on left ventricular mass and QT dispersion in adult black Nigerians	Ale O.K., Ajuluchukwu J.N., Ok D.A., Mbakwem A.C.	2014	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	25	2	10.5830/CVJA-2014-010	Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ale, O.K., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajuluchukwu, J.N., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ok, D.A., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Mbakwem, A.C., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Prehypertension has been associated with target-organ damage. This study sought to determine the impact of prehypertension (PHT) on QT dispersion and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adult black Nigerians. Methods: One hundred and one subjects with office blood pressure (BP) &lt; 140/90 mmHg were categorised according to their office BP into normotensive (normal BP &lt; 120/80 mmHg, n = 57) and prehypertensive (prehypertensive BP 120-139/80-89 mmHg, n = 44) groups. Echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on the subjects. Results: Thirty-four males aged 53.65 ± 16.33 years and 67 females aged 52.42 ± 12.00 years were studied. The mean QT interval dispersion (QTd) of the normotensive (38.96 ± 11.06 ms) and prehypertensive (38.41 ± 11.81 ms) groups were similar (p = 0.81). Prehypertensive subjects had higher left ventricular mass (LVM) (165.75 ± 33.21 vs 144.54 ± 35.55 g, p = 0.024), left ventricular mass index 1 (LVMI-1) (91.65 ± 16.84 vs 80.45 ± 18.65 g/m2, p = 0.021) and left ventricular mass index 2 (LVMI-2) (54.96 ± 10.84 vs 47.51 ± 12.00 g/m2.7, p = 0.017). QT d was independent of echocardiographic and electrocardiographic LVH (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with normotension, prehypertension is associated with higher LVM but similar QTd. This suggests that structural remodelling precedes electrical remodelling in prehypertension.	Adult black Nigerian; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Left ventricular mass; Prehypertension; QT dispersion	adult; aged; article; controlled study; echocardiography; electrocardiography; female; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle mass; human; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigeria; prehypertension; QT dispersion; very elderly; blood pressure; blood pressure measurement; complication; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; pathophysiology; physiology; prehypertension; procedures; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prehypertension	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45349090253	The evaluation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals achieved in patients with established cardiovascular disease and/or hyperlipidaemia receiving lipid-lowering therapy: The South African Not at Goal study (SA-NAG)	Ramjeeth A., Butkow N., Raal F., Maholwana-Mokgatlhe M.	2008	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	19	2	None	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD), Halfway House, Midrand, South Africa	Ramjeeth, A., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Butkow, N., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Raal, F., Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maholwana-Mokgatlhe, M., Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD), Halfway House, Midrand, South Africa	Aim: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor that leads to the clinical sequelae of CVD. As a result, it has become essential for South Africa to update its guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemia, and the South African scientific community has recently adopted the European guidelines on CVD prevention in clinical practice. The South African Not at Goal study (SA-NAG) was a survey done to determine the percentage of patients on lipid-lowering therapy who were not achieving guideline-specified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. Methods: I n this cross-sectional study, dyslipidaemic and/or CVD patients on lipid-lowering therapy for more than four months were enrolled. V olunteers had their demographic data and previous medical history documented. Blood samples from these patients were analysed (using standardised methods) to obtain fasting blood lipid and glucose levels. Results: I n total, 1 201 patients (age 58 ± 11.4 years) were recruited by physicians and general practitioners from across South Africa. U nder the new guidelines, 41% of patients were defined as low risk (LR) and 59% were high risk (HR). Sixty-three per cent of LR patients and 77% of HR patients (71% overall) did not achieve their LDL-C target goals of 2.5 and 3.0 mmol/l, respectively. The LR and HR patients who did not achieve their LDL-C goals were on average 19% (0.7 mmol/l ± 0.5) and 31% (1.1 mmol/l ± 1.1) above their LDL-C target levels, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that a considerable number of patients fall into the category 'not at goal' LDL-C. Patients who failed to achieve goal were also far above their LDL-C target levels. The adoption of the new guidelines will necessitate enhanced disease management to reduce the disease burden.	None	antilipemic agent; atorvastatin; fluindostatin; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; simvastatin; adult; aged; article; blood sampling; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; controlled study; dyslipidemia; female; general practitioner; glucose blood level; human; hyperlipidemia; lipid blood level; major clinical study; male; obesity; practice guideline; South Africa; Age Distribution; Aged; Antilipemic Agents; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Guideline Adherence; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Metabolic Syndrome X; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Assessment; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959662850	Relationship between Tei index of myocardial performance and left ventricular geometry in Nigerians with systemic hypertension	Akintunde A.A., Akinwusi P.O., Opadijo G.O.	2011	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	22	3	CVJ-21.038	Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Cardiology Clinic, Eberhards Karls University, Tubingen, Germany	Akintunde, A.A., Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria, Cardiology Clinic, Eberhards Karls University, Tubingen, Germany; Akinwusi, P.O., Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Opadijo, G.O., Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria	Introduction: Left ventricular geometry is associated with cardiovascular events and prognosis. The Tei index of myocardial performance is a combined index of systolic and diastolic dysfunction and has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in heart diseases. The relationship between the Tei index and left ventricular geometry has not been well studied. This study examined the association between the Tei index and left ventricular geometry among hypertensive Nigerian subjects. Methods: We performed echocardiography on 164 hypertensives and 64 control subjects. They were grouped into four geometric patterns based on left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness. The Tei index was obtained from the summation of the isovolumic relaxation time and the isovolumic contraction time, divided by the ejection time. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Results: Among the hypertensive subjects, 68 (41.4%) had concentric hypertrophy, 43 (26.2%) had concentric remodelling, 24 (14.6%) had eccentric hypertrophy, and 29 (17.7%) had normal geometry. The Tei index was significantly higher among the hypertensives with concentric hypertrophy (CH), concentric remodelling (CR) and eccentric hypertrophy (EH) compared to the hypertensives with normal geometry (0.83 ± 1.0, 0.71 ± 0.2, 0.80 ± 0.2 vs 0.61 ± 0.2, respectively). The Tei index was higher among hypertensives with CH and EH than those with CR. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Tei index was related to ejection fraction, fractional shortening and mitral E/A ratio. Conclusion: Among Nigerian hypertensives, LV systolic and diastolic functions (using the Tei index) were impaired in all subgroups of hypertensive patients according to their left ventricle geometry compared to the control group. This impairment was more advanced in patients with concentric and eccentric hypertrophy.	Echocardiography; Hypertension; Left ventricle geometry; Tei index	adult; aged; article; blood pressure measurement; body height; body mass; cardiovascular parameters; comparative study; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; diastolic dysfunction; echocardiography; female; heart contraction; heart disease; heart left ventricle; heart left ventricle ejection time; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle mass; heart performance; human; hypertension; hypertrophy; interventricular septal thickness in diastole; left ventricle geometry; left ventricular internal dimension in diastole; left ventricular internal dimension in systole; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; posterior wall thickness in diastole; relative wall thickness; relaxation time; systolic blood pressure; systolic dysfunction; Tei index; transthoracic echocardiography; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Risk Assessment; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875892886	Comparative evaluation of warfarin utilisation in two primary healthcare clinics in the Cape Town area	Njovane X.W., Fasinu P.S., Rosenkranz B.	2013	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	24	2	10.5830/CVJA-2012-072	Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Njovane, X.W., Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Fasinu, P.S., Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rosenkranz, B., Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Although warfarin remains the anticoagulant drug of choice in a wide range of patients, its narrow therapeutic window makes patients susceptible to a high risk of bleeding complications or failure to prevent clotting. This has necessitated therapeutic monitoring in warfarinised patients. Factors that could be responsible for the fluctuating responses to warfarin vary from pharmacogenetic to concomitant morbidity, diet and medication. In order to assess the quality of management of warfarin treatment in a local primary-care setting, the current study evaluated warfarin utilisation and monitoring records in two hospitals with different patient groups. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken in the specialised warfarin clinics at Wesfleur and Gugulethu hospitals (Western Cape, South Africa) covering all warfarin-related therapy records over a 12-month period. Data extracted from the patients' folders included age, gender, race, weight, address, concurrent chronic illnesses, treatment and medication, indication for warfarin and INR history. Results: A total of 119 patients' folders were analysed. Attendance at the clinics reflects the demographics and racial distribution of the host location of the hospitals. While all the patients were maintained above the minimum international normalised ratio (INR) value of 2, about 50% had at least one record of INR above the cut-off value of 3.5. However, over a third of the patients (32.2%) had at least one record of INR greater than 3.5 in Gugulethu Hospital, compared to over half (58.3%) in Wesfleur Hospital. In total, atrial fibrillation was the most common indication for warfarinisation while hypertension was the most common concurrent chronic condition in warfarinised patients. All patients who received quinolone antibiotics had INR values above the cut-off point of 3.5 within the same month of the initiation of antibiotic therapy, suggesting drug-induced warfarin potentiation. Other co-medications, including beta-lactam antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-ulcer drugs appeared to alter warfarin responses as measured by recorded INR values. Conclusion: The study found inter-individual variability in the response to warfarin therapy, which cut across racial classifications. It also confirms the possible influence of concomitant morbidity on patient response to anticoagulant therapy.	Anticoagulant; Drug monitoring; International normalised ratio; Warfarin; Warfarinisation	antiulcer agent; beta lactam antibiotic; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; warfarin; adult; age; antibiotic therapy; arthritis; article; comorbidity; comparative study; diabetes mellitus; drug indication; drug utilization; female; gender; heart atrium fibrillation; hospital; human; hypertension; international normalized ratio; major clinical study; male; obstructive airway disease; peptic ulcer; primary health care; race; retrospective study; weight; Adult; Anticoagulants; Chi-Square Distribution; Comorbidity; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Drug Utilization; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Physician's Practice Patterns; Polypharmacy; Primary Health Care; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Warfarin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23344435343	Performance of the CardioChek™ PA and Cholestech LDX® point-of-care analysers compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods for the measurement of lipids	Panz V.R., Raal F.J., Paiker J., Immelman R., Miles H.	2005	Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa	16	2	None	Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Panz, V.R., Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Raal, F.J., Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paiker, J., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Immelman, R., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Miles, H., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Point-of-care (POC) blood testing is intended to provide results more rapidly than can be obtained from a central laboratory. Precision and accuracy of the CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX analysers were compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods. In 100 patients, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured by both analysers and compared to those analysed by the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) laboratory. Data were evaluated for conformance with National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. Results were grouped into low, middle and high ranges and were similar to those obtained by the NHLS, except in the high range where TC and LDL-C levels were under-read by both analysers. All analytes measured by both analysers correlated significantly with NHLS (p < 0.0001). With the exception of LDL-C, both analysers showed reasonable compliance with NCEP goals for coefficients of variation and bias measurements. Both analysers met NCEP guidelines for all analytes at two clinical cut-off points. We concluded that, compared to NHLS methods, performance of the CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX analysers is acceptable and that they offer healthcare professionals a rapid, POC method for the measurement of lipids.	None	high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; biological marker; lipid; analytic method; article; blood testis barrier; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; hospital information system; human; laboratory test; lipid analysis; major clinical study; triacylglycerol blood level; blood; blood examination; comparative study; diagnosis, measurement and analysis; evaluation; hyperlipoproteinemia type 2; methodology; sensitivity and specificity; Biological Markers; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Lipids; Point-of-Care Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548981362	Impact of parent-child relationship on the career development process of high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria	Salami S.O., Aremu A.O.	2007	Career Development International	12	7	10.1108/13620430710834387	Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Salami, S.O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aremu, A.O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationships of parental attachment and psychological separation to the career development process of secondary school adolescents. Design/methodology/approach: An ex post facto survey research design was adopted. The sample comprised 242 (males=121, females=121) senior secondary school II students randomly selected. Parental attachment, psychological separation, and career development scales were administered on the students. The data collected were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis treating parental attachment and psychological separation as predictors and career development as a criterion variable. Parental attachment and psychological separation (mother scales) separately and significantly predicted career information-seeking behaviour of participants. However, combined attachment and separation (father scale) could not significantly predict any of the career development variables. Research limitations/implications: The study utilised cross-sectional and self-report measures. Practical implications: The cultural environment and type of family in which the study was carried out should be considered. Counsellors in Nigeria should assess views of students' parents and peers on career development. Originality/value: Most previous studies have linked familial factors like parental educational, financial and modelling opportunities with career development. This study reported the relationship of parental attachment and psychological separation with the career development process. Results from this study may enlighten career counsellors, parents and students on the need to assess the relationship between the students and their parents when dealing with their career development problems. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Adolescents; Career guidance; Family; Influence; Nigeria; Social interaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945187846	The mediating role of perceived employability in the relationship between core self-evaluations and job search behaviour	Onyishi I.E., Enwereuzor I.K., Ituma A.N., Omenma J.T.	2015	Career Development International	20	6	10.1108/CDI-09-2014-0130	Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria; Business School, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom; Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Onyishi, I.E., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Enwereuzor, I.K., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ituma, A.N., Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria, Business School, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom; Omenma, J.T., Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of perceived employability in the relationship between core self-evaluations (CSEs) and job search behaviour (preparatory and active job search). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional survey data were obtained among a sample of 254 employed and unemployed graduate students from a university in Southeast Nigeria. Findings – Results of the hierarchical multiple regression show that CSEs was significantly and positively associated with only preparatory job search behaviour but not active job search behaviour. CSEs was positively associated with perceived employability. Perceived employability was positively associated with the preparatory job search but not active job search. Perceived employability also mediated the relationship between CSEs and preparatory job search but failed to mediate the relationship between CSEs and active job search. Research limitations/implications – The study makes important contribution to the literature on job search by augmenting our understanding on the mechanism that govern core self-evaluation and job search behaviour relationship. Practical implications – Human resources practitioners can use the insights of the present study in understanding aspects of jobseekers’ personality and perception that may be relevant in job search behaviour. The study has also implications for career development practice especially in the areas of counselling of job seekers in environments where there is high level of unemployment. Originality/value – There has been rarely any previous attempt at investigating the possibility that the relationship between CSEs and job search behaviour is mediated by perceived employability. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Career development; Decision making; Labour market	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947273612	The impact on the psychological contract of differentiating employees into talent pools	Seopa N., Wöcke A., Leeds C.	2015	Career Development International	20	7	10.1108/CDI-03-2015-0033	Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Sandton, South Africa	Seopa, N., Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Sandton, South Africa; Wöcke, A., Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Sandton, South Africa; Leeds, C., Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Sandton, South Africa	Purpose – This research stems from the need by organisations to retain their key talent in the context of the change in the psychological contract manifested from the emergence of boundaryless careers. Many organisations have segmented their workforce to develop talent pools of high potential employees to meet the organisation’s current and future critical skills needs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of inclusion or exclusion in the talent pool on the psychological contract. Design/methodology/approach – The study presents findings from 195 employees from three different organisations, about 50 per cent of whom were in talent pools. Various instruments in the literature were used to measure the psychological contract and the other constructs of organisational citizenship behaviour, trust and turnover intention of employees in the talent pools in comparison to those not in talent pools. Findings – The study shows that being part of the talent pool has a positive impact on the relational psychological contract and organisational commitment but does not necessarily translate into trust and the intention to stay with organisations. Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted in three large firms with well-developed and entrenched talent management strategies. The results may be different in firms with less formal talent management strategies or those firms that do not use talent pools. Despite these limitations, the study is valuable in showing the differences in relationships between employees recognised as more important and those not recognised in the same way. Practical implications – Talent strategy should not ignore employees not in talent pools as they have shown that they display an aspiration to build long-term relationships with their employers and could represent a future source of potential. It is recommended that organisations should continue to segment their workforce to determine who should form part of the talent pool. Social implications – The results indicate the high complexity in understanding contemporary employment relationships and could be closely related to the previous findings on trust. Despite being identified as potential employees for development into linchpin and pivotal positions in their organisation, these employees were no different to employees not in talent pools when it came to trust and the intention to leave their organisation. Originality/value – Employees in talent pools and those not in talent pools were similar in their intention to leave their organisations in circumstances where their expectations were not met. This finding is contrary to the expectation and indicates that relational psychological contracts do not have a moderating impact on the intention to leave where expectations are not met. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Boundaryless career; Careers; Employee development; Labour mobility; Notice to quit; Psychological contracts; Talent pool	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84913573170	Evaluation of failures in mechanical crankshafts of automobile based on expert opinion	Kareem B.	2015	Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis	3	None	10.1016/j.csefa.2014.11.001	Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Kareem, B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	In this study, mechanical crankshaft failures for automobiles are evaluated based on experts' opinion. This was done using data obtained using techniques based on oral interviews and questionnaire administration on mechanical failure of crankshafts from the experts working in the areas of automobile maintenance and crankshafts reconditioning. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods based on probability. With this technique, probability of failure for each category of automobiles namely private, commercial cars and buses were evaluated. The results obtained show that private cars had lowest failure rate at the initial stage while commercial buses had the highest failure rate. At later periods all categories of automobile crankshafts considered had their failure rates converged steadily with stable reliability. Application of 6-sigma continuous improvement tool to the process indicated a further reliability improvement through improved oil lubrication system, especially in the thrust bearing. This showed that increased enlightenment campaign among the various stakeholders in automobile industries will improve on the choice of reliable mechanical crankshafts. © 2014 The Authors.	Crankshaft failure; Experts' opinion; Sigma quality; Statistical analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928317807	Performance modeling of industrial gas turbines with inlet air filtration system	Effiom S.O., Abam F.I., Ohunakin O.S.	2015	Case Studies in Thermal Engineering	5	None	10.1016/j.csite.2015.03.008	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B 1123, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B 7276, Umudike, Umuhia, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engine	Effiom, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B 1123, Calabar, Nigeria; Abam, F.I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B 7276, Umudike, Umuhia, Nigeria; Ohunakin, O.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Abstract The effect of inlet air filtration on the performance of two industrial gas turbines (GT) is presented. Two GTs were modeled similar to GE LM2500+ and Alstom GT13 E2-2012, using TURBOMATCH and chosen to operate at environmental conditions of Usan offshore oilfield and Maiduguri dessert in Nigeria. The inlet pressure recovered (Precov) from the selected filters used in Usan offshore, and Maiduguri ranged between 98.36≤Precov≤99.51% and 98.67≤Precov≤99.56% respectively. At reduced inlet Precov by 98.36% (1.66 kPa) and, at a temperature above 15 C (ISA), a reduction of 16.9%, and 7.3% of power output and efficiency was obtained using GT13 E2-2012, while a decrease of 14.8% and 4.7% exist for power output and efficiency with GE LM2500+. In addition, a reduction in mass flow rate of air and fuel under the same condition was between 4.3≤mair≤10.6% and 10.4≤mfuel≤11.5% for GT13 E2-2012 and GE LM2500+, correspondingly. However, the GE LM2500+ was more predisposed to intake pressure drops since it functioned at a higher overall pressure ratio. The results obtained were found worthwhile and could be the basis for filter selection and efficient compressor housing design in the locations concerned. © 2015 The Authors.	Contaminants; Filters; Gas turbine; Pressure drop; Turbomatch	Architectural design; Drops; Filters (for fluids); Gas turbines; Gases; Impurities; Oil fields; Pressure drop; Environmental conditions; Filter selection; Industrial gas turbines; Mass flow rate of air; Offshore oilfield; Overall pressure ratios; Performance Model; TURBOMATCH; Air filters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930698491	Integrating the informal with the formal: An estimation of the impacts of a shift from paratransit line-haul to feeder service provision in Cape Town	Del Mistro R., Behrens R.	2015	Case Studies on Transport Policy	3	2	10.1016/j.cstp.2014.10.001	Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Del Mistro, R., Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Behrens, R., Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Feeder-trunk-distribution service arrangements are a possible means of integrating paratransit services with scheduled services in public transport system reform projects. In such arrangements the transport authority would concentrate on providing or contracting a high capacity trunk service using large vehicles on corridors with the requisite passenger demand, while paratransit operators would be relegated to only providing feeder and distribution services using smaller vehicles in adjacent areas. This paper explores the veracity of a perception amongst paratransit operators in Cape Town that operating feeder services is less lucrative than operating direct services. A public transport cost model is used to explore the implications of such a change in service operation, using cost and travel demand input data currently applicable in Cape Town. The modelling results suggest that individual minibus operators would be more profitable if they only provided feeder/distribution services, but that improved operating efficiencies would come at the cost of a reduction in the required minibus fleet and associated jobs. It is therefore concluded that if a feeder-trunk-distribution scheme is pursued as a means of integrating paratransit into a revitalised public transport system, considerable attention should to be given to developing strategies that absorb as many paratransit operators displaced by high capacity trunk services as possible. Providing feeder and distribution services for new choice passengers attracted to the improved trunk service may hold promise in this regard. © 2014 World Conference on Transport Research Society.	Feeder; Line-haul; Paratransit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62949233101	How gold deposition affects anatase performance in the photo-catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane	Carneiro J.T., Yang C.-C., Moma J.A., Moulijn J.A., Mul G.	2009	Catalysis Letters	129	42371	10.1007/s10562-008-9801-1	Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Project Au-TEK Catalysis, Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, South Africa	Carneiro, J.T., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Yang, C.-C., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Moma, J.A., Project Au-TEK Catalysis, Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, South Africa; Moulijn, J.A., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Mul, G., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands	Gold deposition on Hombikat UV100 was found to negatively affect the activity of this Anatase catalyst in selective photo-oxidation of cyclohexane. By ammonia TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy it was determined that the Au deposition procedure leads to a significant decrease in OH-group density (mol m -2 BET) on Hombikat, suggesting that the amount of surface OH-groups, rather than the presence or absence of Au, is determining the catalytic performance. The importance of surface OH-groups was demonstrated by comparing the performance of Hombikat (with and without Au deposition) to surface propoxylated TiO2, synthesized by a sol-gel method from titanium (IV) isopropoxide. The effect of the deposition recipe of noble metals on the surface composition of TiO2 should thus be taken into account in evaluating and explaining photocatalytic performance of TiO2 modified by noble metals (Au), in particular in non-aqueous phase reactions. © 2009 The Author(s).	Au; Cyclohexane; DRIFT; NH3; OH-group density; Oxidation; Photocatalysis; Sol-gel; TiO2; Titanium (IV) isopropoxide	Catalyst activity; Cyclohexane; Fullerenes; Gelation; Gels; Gold deposits; Photocatalysis; Precious metals; Sol-gel process; Sol-gels; Sols; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Titanium oxides; Au; DRIFT; NH<sub>3</sub>; OH-group density; Sol-gel; TiO<sub>2</sub>; Catalytic oxidation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880808540	Evaluating the performance of reservoirs in semi-arid catchments of Tigray: Tradeoff between water harvesting and soil and water conservation	Teka D., van Wesemael B., Vanacker V., Poesen J., Hallet V., Taye G., Deckers J., Haregeweyn N.	2013	Catena	110	None	10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.001	Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Department of Geology, Faculté Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium; Toronto University, Japan	Teka, D., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; van Wesemael, B., Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Vanacker, V., Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Poesen, J., Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Hallet, V., Department of Geology, Faculté Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium; Taye, G., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Deckers, J., Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Haregeweyn, N., Toronto University, Japan	Micro dams play a vital role towards boosting crop production in Northern Ethiopia as they can be built by pooling local resources, are simple to design and can be constructed quite quickly. However, the reservoirs do not always fulfill their intended purpose, and hence less land is irrigated than initially foreseen. Here, we evaluated the performance of two micro dams in Tigray by analyzing rainfall characteristics, surface water inflows and combined evaporation and seepage losses. Given the scarcity of reliable meteorological stations, transfer of rainfall data from nearby stations to the dam sites was necessary. The rainfall magnitude and its annual distribution were considered for the transfer of the rainfall data. The latter was estimated based on a precipitation concentration index (PCI). Simple rainfall-runoff models, such as the curve number method proposed by the US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, or the rational method were used to predict the inflow to the reservoirs. Both methods slightly overestimated the monthly inflow for the catchment without soil and water conservation measures (rational method: bias of 24% and curve number method: bias of 9%). In the catchment where soil and water conservation measures were implemented, the inflow was overestimated by a factor three. The high losses of water through seepage and evaporation substantially decreased the irrigation capacity by up to 33%. This case study illustrates that an integrated assessment of the hydrological response in the catchment is necessary for an adequate design of water harvesting systems. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Hydrograph; Irrigation capacity; Micro dams; Northern Ethiopia; Rainfall-runoff response	annual variation; catchment; crop production; dam; estimation method; hydrological response; irrigation; meteorology; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; rainfall-runoff modeling; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864028338	The indirect impact of encroaching trees on gully extension: A 64year study in a sub-humid grassland of South Africa	Grellier S., Kemp J., Janeau J.-L., Florsch N., Ward D., Barot S., Podwojewski P., Lorentz S., Valentin C.	2012	Catena	98	None	10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.002	IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Grellier, S., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Kemp, J., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Janeau, J.-L., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Florsch, N., UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Ward, D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Barot, S., IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Podwojewski, P., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Lorentz, S., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Valentin, C., IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Gully erosion and woody plant encroachment are frequently observed in grasslands worldwide. Gully erosion driven by water processes is usually affected by topography, land-use change and vegetation cover. We hypothesised that trees, through their potential link with overland and subsurface flow, may have an impact on gully extension. However, very few studies have simultaneously considered tree encroachment and gullies. We used aerial photographs to study Acacia sieberiana encroachment and gully erosion in a South African grassland (KwaZulu-Natal Province) for a period lasting 64years. At the catchment scale, results showed that acacias started invading after 1976 and transformed the grassland into a savanna with 9.45% of tree cover in 2009. Gully area increased by 3.9% in the last 64years and represented 12.76% of catchment area in 2009. Mean estimated sediment loss was 200Mgha -1 of gully y -1, indicating a high erosion rate mainly due to the collapse of gully banks after swelling and shrinking. Volumetric retreat rate (V) of 15 gully heads was correlated with drainage area (Drain.A) by a power function explaining 64% of the variance: V=0.02*Drain.A 0.83. A positive correlation between gully retreat rate and Acacia canopy area was measured between 2001 and 2009 when established tree encroachment was observed. These results, associated with the susceptibility of this soil to subsurface flow and the observation of pipe erosion systems in the field, showed that both surface and subsurface processes occur in this sub-humid grassland and that trees can be indirectly associated with increased gully erosion. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..	Acacia sieberiana; Aerial photographs; Erosion; Gully threshold; Soil piping; Subsurface	aerial photograph; erosion rate; grassland; gully erosion; humid environment; land use change; legume; subsurface flow; threshold; topographic effect; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; woody plant; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia sieberiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959968565	Impact of rainfall and topography on the distribution of clays and major cations in granitic catenas of southern Africa	Khomo L., Hartshorn A.S., Rogers K.H., Chadwick O.A.	2011	Catena	87	1	10.1016/j.catena.2011.05.017	Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, 10 Hans-Knöll-Str. 07745, Jena, Germany; Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States; Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Animal, Plants, Environmental Sciences, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States	Khomo, L., Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, 10 Hans-Knöll-Str. 07745, Jena, Germany; Hartshorn, A.S., Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States; Rogers, K.H., Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Animal, Plants, Environmental Sciences, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa; Chadwick, O.A., Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States	Soil catenas integrate and amplify gravity transfer and differentiation processes of eluviation and illuviation in soil profiles. We quantified differences in these redistribution processes along granitic catenas across an arid to sub-humid climate gradient in Kruger National Park, South Africa. We measured soil properties in nine catenas sampled from three areas receiving annual rainfall of 470 mm (arid zone), 550 mm (semi-arid zone) and 730 mm (sub-humid zone). As rainfall increased, kaolinite replaced smectite as the dominant clay mineral in all landscape positions across the catenas. Toeslopes showed the strongest evidence of this transition with an excess of smectite in the arid catenas but complete prevalence of kaolinite in toeslopes of sub-humid catenas. The concentration and distribution of clay along the catenas were dependent on landscape position as well - soil profiles at and near the crests were clay depleted (as low as 1%) while those at the toeslopes had much more clay (up to 60%). Clay redistribution along catenas was sensitive to climate with the least amount of redistribution occurring in the dry sites and the most occurring in the wet sites. As a consequence, the sub-humid catenas had clay accumulation only in a small part of the toeslopes while the bulk of their length was represented by highly leached soils. In contrast, arid zone catenas showed little clay redistribution and semi-arid sites displayed the greatest within-catena clay redistribution and preservation. Clay movement and storage conditioned other soil properties such as CEC, base cation distribution, base saturation and pH. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Arid/semi-arid/sub-humid rainfall; Clay mineralogy; Kruger national park; Soil; Soil development	arid environment; catena; cation; clay; granite; humid environment; kaolinite; leaching; pH; rainfall; smectite; soil profile; soil property; topographic effect; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45649085381	Land-use impacts on surface runoff and soil detachment within agricultural sloping lands in Northern Vietnam	Podwojewski P., Orange D., Jouquet P., Valentin C., Nguyen V.T., Janeau J.L., Tran D.T.	2008	Catena	74	2	10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.013	IRD School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; IRD, IWMI, MSEC program Soils and Fertilizers Institute (SFI) Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; SFI (Soils and Fertilizers Institute, VAAS, MARD), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France	Podwojewski, P., IRD School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa, IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Orange, D., IRD, IWMI, MSEC program Soils and Fertilizers Institute (SFI) Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam, IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Jouquet, P., IRD, IWMI, MSEC program Soils and Fertilizers Institute (SFI) Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam, IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Valentin, C., IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Nguyen, V.T., SFI (Soils and Fertilizers Institute, VAAS, MARD), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Janeau, J.L., IRD School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Tran, D.T., SFI (Soils and Fertilizers Institute, VAAS, MARD), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam	Two consecutive years of investigation on soil surface features, surface runoff and soil detachment within 1-m2 microplots on 40% slope highlighted the effects of land-use change, vegetation cover and biological activity on the water pathways in Northern Vietnam. Three replicate plots were set up on each of five land-uses: cassava (CAS), grass fodder of Bracharia ruziziensis (BRA), a 3-year old fallow (FAL), tree stands of Acacia mangium and Venicia montana (FOR), and a fallow with regrowth of Eucalyptus regularly cut (EUC). The second year, two of the microplots under FAL and EUC were treated with herbicide (FALh, EUCh), one of them was burnt (FALh+b, EUCh+b). The highest yearly surface runoff coefficient of 16%, and soil detachment rate of 700 g m- 2 yr- 1 in average with a maximum of 1305 g m- 2 yr- 1 have been recorded under CAS. On FALh and FALh+b, runoff ratios were 8.7 and 13.5%, respectively and detachment rates were 86 and 389 g m- 2. On FAL and BRA the yearly runoff ratio varied from 5.9 to 9.8% but the detachment rate was limited at 24 to 35 g m- 2. FOR and EUC annual runoff was ≤ 3.1% and annual soil detachment ≤ 71 g m- 2. These values were very low compared to the values reported on steep slopes in Laos within similar climate and vegetation cover. The runoff and detachment rates underlined the importance of rainfall intensities, soil physical properties, soil surface features, soil vegetation cover and biological activity. The annual surface runoff was highly correlated to the soil surface crusting. CAS and BRA plots were prone to crusting especially after weeding at the onset of the rainy season, when the soil surface was still uncovered. Soil bioturbation (earthworm casting activity) was the second factor that explains local variation of surface runoff and soil detachment. The continuous production of earthworms casts on soil surface, especially on FOR and EUC microplots, induced a marked surface roughness and reduced the surface runoff. The production of casts was very limited in FAL and completely absent in CAS microplots. So it is evident that our results confirm the deleterious effects of cassava on soil and water conservation. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cassava; Earthworms; Land-use; Sloping lands; Soil detachment; Surface runoff; Vietnam	bioactivity; earthworm; land use change; precipitation intensity; regrowth; runoff; slope; soil erosion; tuber; vegetation cover; Asia; Eurasia; Southeast Asia; Viet Nam; Acacia; Acacia mangium; Animalia; Eucalyptus; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876316413	Soil crusting impact on soil organic carbon losses by water erosion	Maïga-Yaleu S., Guiguemde I., Yacouba H., Karambiri H., Ribolzi O., Bary A., Ouedraogo R., Chaplot V.	2013	Catena	107	None	10.1016/j.catena.2013.03.006	Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Laboratory of Physico Chemistry and Technology of Materials (LPCTM), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	Maïga-Yaleu, S., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Guiguemde, I., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Yacouba, H., Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Karambiri, H., Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Ribolzi, O., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Bary, A., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, R., Laboratory of Physico Chemistry and Technology of Materials (LPCTM), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Chaplot, V., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	The Sahelian region, characterized by erratic, heavy rainfalls and low soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, is highly vulnerable to land degradation. While water erosion is recognized as being a main mechanism of SOC losses, little research has yet been done to investigate the role which soil surface crusting might have on SOC losses. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil surface crusting on SOC losses. This study was conducted in Tougou Catchment (37km2), northwest of Burkina Faso, which receives a cumulative mean annual rainfall of 500mmy-1. The area is characterized by sandy soils with varying types of surface crusts. The four different crust types studied were: structural crusts (STRU), which were found under cultivated soils, which were plowed annually; perennial desiccation crusts (DES), gravel (GRAV) and erosion (ERO) crusts, generally found in the degraded semi-arid savannas. Three micro-scale runoff plot (1×1m2) replicates were installed on each of the different types of surface crusts observed in the catchment. Water and sediment samples were collected from the runoff plots after every rainfall event (n=10) of the 2011 rainy season. The sediment samples were analyzed for organic carbon (OCsed), while the water samples were examined for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The average of organic carbon losses with sediment (OCLsed), was 0.37gCm-2y-1 for ERO, 0.36gCm-2y-1 for DES, 0.24gCm-2y-1 for STRU and 0.15gCm-2y-1 for GRAV. DOC accounted for a minute contribution to SOC losses i.e. less than 0.05%. STRU with 10.42mgCl-1 showed the highest DOC content, followed by GRAV (6.13mgCl-1), DES (5.06mgCl-1) and ERO (4.92mgCl-1). The OC enrichment ratio (ER) of sediments to that of the 0-0.1m bulk soil was less than one for DES, GRAV and ERO (0.39, 0.69 and 0.75, respectively) and reached 1.14 for STRU. This pointed to a greater SOC protection from erosion by the perennial crusts of the degraded savannas (DES, GRAV and ERO), as compared to crusts of cultivated fields. Thick, sand-enriched crusts, DES and GRAV, seemed to provide the greatest OC protection. This study pointed out a significant relationship between soils crusting on SOC erosion. It showed that the formation of loose and sandy crusts provides greater SOC protection from water erosion, which in turn may improve SOC stabilization and associated soil functions, such as soil fertility, water-holding capacity and sequestration of atmospheric carbon. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Enrichment ratio; Erosion; Semi-arid area; Soil organic carbon; Soil surface crust	agricultural soil; carbon sequestration; catchment; dissolved organic carbon; field; land degradation; organic soil; sandy soil; savanna; semiarid region; soil carbon; soil crust; soil fertility; soil surface; water erosion; Burkina Faso; Groundnut rosette assistor virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918538529	Impact of sheet erosion mechanisms on organic carbon losses from crusted soils in the Sahel	Maïga-Yaleu S.B., Chivenge P., Yacouba H., Guiguemde I., Karambiri H., Ribolzi O., Bary A., Chaplot V.	2015	Catena	126	None	10.1016/j.catena.2014.11.001	Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (Institute 2iE), Burkina Faso; Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD-Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentations et approches numériques, UMR 7159, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France	Maïga-Yaleu, S.B., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (Institute 2iE), Burkina Faso, Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Chivenge, P., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa; Yacouba, H., Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Guiguemde, I., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Karambiri, H., Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Ribolzi, O., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD-Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France; Bary, A., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Chaplot, V., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentations et approches numériques, UMR 7159, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France	Soil surface crusting influences water infiltration and runoff but its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) losses by sheet erosion is largely unknown. Because there are different mechanisms of sheet erosion, from raindrop detachment and transport by raindrops interacting with flow (RIFT), to detachment and transport by flow, that require a certain slope length to be operative, this study examined the impact of slope length on SOC and nutrient losses. Field experiments were conducted on crusted soils in the Sahel region of Africa. Three replicates of micro-plots (1m×1m), plots (10m long×5m width) and long plots (25m×6m) were installed for each crust type in the area (structural, STRU; desiccation, DES; gravel, GRAV; and erosion, ERO) and followed for each rainfall event in the 2012 rainy season. Sediment, SOC content in sediments and selected nutrients (NO3 -; PO4 3-) in the runoff were analyzed to evaluate the annual losses by sheet erosion. SOC losses decreased significantly with increasing slope length from 0.24gCm-1 on micro-plots to 0.04gCm-1 on plots and to 0.01gCm-1 on long plots and similar trends were observed for NO3 - and PO4 3- losses. This suggested a strong scale dependency of sheet erosion with the efficiency of transport by saltation and rolling by RIFT decreasing significantly with increasing slope length, by 6 folds in average between 1 and 10m, with values between 1.8 on DES crusts and 19 on STRU crusts. These results on the relationship between soil crusting and sheet erosion should be further used to mitigate against the loss of SOC through the implementation of improved soil conservation techniques, as well as to improve soil erosion and/or SOC models. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Erosion mechanism; Land degradation; Nutrients; Soil organic carbon; Soil surface feature	land degradation; nutrient loss; organic carbon; runoff; saltation; sheet erosion; soil conservation; soil crust; soil organic matter; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Groundnut rosette assistor virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649113836	Soil landscapes, land cover change and erosion features of the Central Plateau region of Tigrai, Ethiopia: Photo-monitoring with an interval of 30 years	Munro R.N., Deckers J., Haile M., Grove A.T., Poesen J., Nyssen J.	2008	Catena	75	1	10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.009	Old Abbey Associates, Tarbet Court, Dirleton, East Lothian Scotland EH39 5DX, United Kingdom; Division Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physical and Regional Geography, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Geography Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Munro, R.N., Old Abbey Associates, Tarbet Court, Dirleton, East Lothian Scotland EH39 5DX, United Kingdom; Deckers, J., Division Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Haile, M., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Grove, A.T., Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Poesen, J., Physical and Regional Geography, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Nyssen, J., Geography Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Human land use of the Tigray landscape (north Ethiopia) can be traced back for at least 3000 years and is recognizably very complex, but in the past half-century there have been multiple narratives on environmental change in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands in which statements such as "the forest and soil resources in Tigray are dwindling at unprecedented rates" are common. In an attempt to provide an objective assessment, we made a semi-quantitative analysis of observed changes in the environment of the central Tigray plateau, between 1975 and 2006, and its impact on soil erosion. The first part of this period saw strong degradation, caused by a combination of drought, impoverishment, poor land husbandry and war; but over the whole period intense rehabilitation activities have been high on the agenda. To study these changes, two sets of 51 landscape photographs have been used. The older photo-set was taken in 1975 by R.N. Munro during the Tigrai Rural Development Study; locations were revisited in 2006 by J. Nyssen and colleagues, when a new set of photographs was made at the same locations and with the same aspect. Based on longstanding experience in soil erosion and landscape analysis worldwide and in Ethiopia, the time-lapsed photographs were rated for visible erosion, land cover and protective measures. We present a quantitative evaluation of the change of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion, involving the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and particularly the changes in the C (cover) and the P (management) factors. This allowed assessing soil loss in 2006 as a percentage of the 1975 situation. Both the landscape and land unit analysis show that the situation for natural resources has improved (and locally strongly improved) since 1974. The rehabilitation is due both to improved vegetation cover and to physical conservation structures. The USLE application indicates that in terms of a whole landscape the current average soil loss would be at around 68% of its 1975 rate. Exceptionally, degradation is still ongoing around Desa'a forest and some other remnant forests, and conservation should be strongly implemented too in these forests. On average, gullies have expanded slightly since 1975, but these incisions appear to have originated in the drought years of the 1980s. This photo-monitoring analysis invalidates hypotheses on (a) irreversibility of land degradation in Tigray; and (b) futility of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) programmes. The study demonstrates that (a) land management has become an inherent part of the farming system in Tigray, and (b) that the authorities and NGOs are on the right track when promoting SWC. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Erosion; Land cover change; Northern Ethiopia; Photo-monitoring; Soil and water conservation; Tigray	drought; environmental change; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; erosion; farming system; image analysis; land cover; land use; landscape change; photography; quantitative analysis; rural development; soil conservation; soil erosion; water management; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884583608	Impact of hemicelluloses pre-extraction on pulp properties of sugarcane bagasse	Vena P.F., García-Aparicio M.P., Brienzo M., Görgens J.F., Rypstra T.	2013	Cellulose Chemistry and Technology	47	42496	None	Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Vena, P.F., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; García-Aparicio, M.P., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Brienzo, M., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Görgens, J.F., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Rypstra, T., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag Matieland XI, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The extraction of hemicelluloses, which otherwise would be wasted in the black liquor, can be integrated with chemical pulping processes in a biorefinery approach that will generate a sugar-rich feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. Extractions of hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse under dilute sulphuric acid or mild alkaline conditions were performed, using a central composite experimental design. Selected solid residues obtained after dilute acid, hot water (zero acid) or mild alkaline pre-extractions were subjected to soda or soda-AQ pulping, and kraft pulping of the dilute acid pre-extracted solid residue was also performed. The integration of hemicelluloses preextraction by alkaline methods into a soda-AQ-based pulping process was preferred for sugarcane bagasse as feedstock, since it enabled xylan recovery of 69.1%, while providing pulps with superior tear strength and brightness.	Biorefinery; Chemical pulping; Handsheet strengths; Pulp quality; Sugarcane bagasse; Xylan extraction	Biorefineries; Chemical pulping; Hand sheets; Pulp qualities; Sugar-cane bagasse; Cellulose; Extraction; Feedstocks; Kraft pulp; Pulp manufacture; Refining; Bagasse; Bagasse; Chemical Pulping; Hand Sheets; Refining; Sugar Cane; Xylans	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883637090	Durability performance potential and strength of blended Portland limestone cement concrete	Githachuri K., Alexander M.G.	2013	Cement and Concrete Composites	39	None	10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.027	Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa	Githachuri, K., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; Alexander, M.G., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa	This paper describes a study on the durability potential and strength of composite Portland-limestone cement (PLC) concrete mixtures blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and/or fly ash (FA). Their performance was compared against ordinary Portland cement, plain PLC and Portland-slag cement concrete mixtures. Using the South African Durability Index approach, results indicate reductions in the penetrability of the composite PLC blends compared to the other mixtures. The durability indicators are chloride conductivity, gas (oxygen) permeability and water sorptivity. Compressive strength of the composite PLC mixtures containing both GGBS and FA showed competitive performance with the comparative mixtures, but FA blended PLC mixtures had diminished compressive strength values. The paper also presents considerations on the practical implications of using blended PLC concrete mixtures. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Durability; Fly ash; Limestone; Slag; Strength	Cement concrete; Competitive performance; Durability performance; Ground granulated blast furnace slag; Limestone cement concretes; Ordinary Portland cement; Strength; Water sorptivity; Blast furnaces; Chlorine compounds; Compressive strength; Durability; Fly ash; Gas permeability; Limestone; Slag cement; Slags; Mixtures	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547595380	Improved mechanical performance: Shear behaviour of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC)	van Zijl G.P.A.G.	2007	Cement and Concrete Research	37	8	10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.04.009	Division for Structural Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands	van Zijl, G.P.A.G., Division for Structural Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands	The retardation of moisture and gas ingress associated with important degradation mechanisms in cement-based composites in general and reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete in particular is an ongoing research focus internationally. A dense outer layer is generally accepted to significantly enhance durability of structural concrete. However, cracking leads to enhanced ingress, unless the cracks are restricted to small widths. Strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) make use of fibres to bridge cracks, whereby they are controlled to small widths over a large tensile deformation range. In this paper, SHCC shear behaviour is studied, verifying that the cracks which arise in pure shear are also controlled to small widths in these materials. The design of an Iosipescu shear test setup and specific SHCC geometry is reported, as well as the results of a test series. A computational model for SHCC, based on finite element theory and continuum damage mechanics, is elaborated and shown to capture the shear behaviour of SHCC. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fibre reinforcement; Mechanical properties; Microcracking; Shear properties	Continuum damage mechanics; Deformation; Finite element method; Microcracking; Reinforcement; Fiber reinforcements; Shear properties; Composite materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744449568	Chemical evaluation of cement-based sandcrete wall deterioration	Odigure J.O.	2005	Cement and Concrete Research	35	11	10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.03.014	Federal University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Odigure, J.O., Federal University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Cement-based structure stability could be characterized not only by their mechanical strength, soil geophysics and loading condition, but also the resistance to various physical and chemical factors that could initiate its corrosion. The contribution of water and various water-based solutions in the environment, to cement-based structure durability could be either physical as in seasonal flooding of the structure or chemical often initiated by the presence in the solution of organic or inorganic compounds or gases. Irrespective of the corrosion type, its destructive effect could be attributed to the build up of internal stress and weakening of the structure matrix. This work is aimed at investigating the role of chemical changes in the sandcrete matrix in the formation and development of macrocracks in cement-based sandcrete walls. Collected sandcrete samples were analyzed using titrimetric and granulometeric methods. Results showed that the percentage composition between the top and bottom of SiO2 was high in all the sandcrete blocks samples analyzed ranging from 76.72% to 80.30%. This indicates high permeability of ground level structure. The acidic nature of the soil in some area varying from pH = 5.89-6.11 could seriously undermine the structures strength. The percentage compositions of CaO were generally very low ranging from 3.83% at the ground to 4.44% at the top levels. For most points there were percentage compositional differential across cracked points horizontally and vertically. This is an indication of either poor cement quality or non-compliance to standards' requirements. There is a need to develop a model equation for the migration of minerals' hydrates in sandcrete wall. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Chemical evaluation; Composition differential; Crack formation; Deterioration; Ions diffusion	Chemical analysis; Corrosion; Crack initiation; Deterioration; Mechanical permeability; Residual stresses; Sand; Strength of materials; Walls (structural partitions); Chemical evaluation; Compositional differential; Ions diffusion; Cements	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948657373	Non-luminescent nature of the planar deformation features in shocked quartz from the Ries impact structure, Germany: A new interpretation	Gucsik A., Okumura T., Nishido H., Gyollai I., Ninagawa K., Deseta N., Rózsa P.	2015	Central European Geology	58	3	10.1556/24.58.2015.3.2	Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Konkoly Observatory, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary; Isotope MS Field Team, Field Support Department, Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K., Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan; Planetary and Space Science Center, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada; Department of Mineralogy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary	Gucsik, A., Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, Konkoly Observatory, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, út 15-17, Budapest, Hungary; Okumura, T., Isotope MS Field Team, Field Support Department, Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K., Yokohama, Japan; Nishido, H., Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan; Gyollai, I., Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ninagawa, K., Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan; Deseta, N., Planetary and Space Science Center, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada; Rózsa, P., Department of Mineralogy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary	Quartz grains from the Ries impact structure containing shock-induced microstructures were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy in cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL), secondary electron (SEM-SE) and back-scattered electron (SEM-BSE) modes as well as Mott:Seitz analysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanism by which CL detects Planar Deformation Features (PDFs) in quartz, which is one of the most important indicators of shock metamorphism in rock-forming minerals. PDFs are micron-scale features not easily identified using optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. The CL spectrum of PDFs in quartz that has suffered relatively high shock pressure shows no or a relatively weak emission band at around 385 nm, whereas an emission band with a maximum near 650 nm is observed independent of shock pressure. Thus, the∼385 nm intensity in shocked quartz demonstrates a tendency to decrease with increasing shock metamorphic stage, whereas the 650 nm band remains fairly constant. The result indicates that the emission band at 385 nm is related to the deformed structure of quartz as PDFs. © 2015 The Author(s).	Cathodoluminescence; Meteorite crater; Planar Deformation Features; Quartz; Shock waves	cathodoluminescence; data interpretation; deformation mechanism; impact structure; meteorite; microstructure; pressure effect; quartz; shock metamorphism; Bavaria; Germany; Ries Crater	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921469715	Urban transport safety assessment in Akure based on corresponding performance indicators	Oye A., Aderinlewo O., Croope S.	2013	Central European Journal of Engineering	3	1	10.2478/s13531-012-0043-z	Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware, United States	Oye, A., Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Aderinlewo, O., Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Croope, S., Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware, United States	The level of safety of the transportation system in Akure, Nigeria was assessed by identifying the associated road safety problems and developing the corresponding safety performance indicators. These indicators were analysed with respect to accidents that occurred within the city from the year 2005 to 2009 based on the corresponding attributable risk measures. The results of the analysis showed the state of existing safety programs in Akure town. Six safety performance indicators were identified namely alcohol and drug use, excessive speeds, protection system (use of seat belts and helmets), use of day time running lights, state of vehicles (passive safety) and road condition. These indicators were used to determine the percentage of injury accidents as follows: 83.33% and 86.36% for years 2005 and 2006 respectively, 81.46% for year 2007 while years 2008 and 2009 had 82.86% and 78.12% injury accidents respectively. © Versita sp. z o.o.	Attributable risk; Injury accidents; Protection system; Safety performance indicators; Vulnerability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449104885	Prevalence of neck pain and headaches: Impact of computer use and other associative factors	Smith L., Louw Q., Crous L., Grimmer-Somers K.	2009	Cephalalgia	29	2	10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01714.x	Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Centre of Allied Health Research, Joanna Briggs Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Smith, L., Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa, Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Louw, Q., Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Crous, L., Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Grimmer-Somers, K., Centre of Allied Health Research, Joanna Briggs Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia	Headaches and neck pain are reported to be among the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints in the general population. A significant body of research has reported a high prevalence of headaches and neck pain among adolescents. Sitting for lengthy periods in fixed postures such as at computer terminals may result in adolescent neck pain and headaches. The aim of this paper was to report the association between computer use (exposure) and headaches and neck pain (outcome) among adolescent school students in a developing country. A cross-sectional study was conducted and comprehensive description of the data collection instrument was used to collect the data from 1073 high-school students. Headaches were associated with high psychosocial scores and were more common among girls. We found a concerning association between neck pain and high hours of computing for school students, and have confirmed the need to educate new computer users (school students) about appropriate ergonomics and postural health. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adolescents; Computers; Headaches; Neck pain; School	adolescent; adult; article; body posture; ergonomics; female; headache; high school student; human; human computer interaction; major clinical study; male; neck pain; Adolescent; Age Factors; Computers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Neck Pain; Posture; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Schools; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; South Africa; Sports; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68749089920	Formulation and evaluation of snack crackers made with peanut flour	Howard B.M., McWatters K.H., Saalia F., Hashim I.	2009	Cereal Foods World	54	4	10.1094/CFW-54-4-0166	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates	Howard, B.M., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States; McWatters, K.H., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States; Saalia, F., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Hashim, I., Department of Food Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates	Baked snack crackers were successfully created with a flour mixture containing peanut, wheat, and rice flours. The following flavors were evaluated in the product: cheddar cheese, garlic, blackened Cajun, and Italian. These varieties, as well as five popular commercial wheat-based crackers, were all compared with an unflavored peanut flour cracker (control) via nutritional analysis and instrumental measurements of color and texture properties. Sensory evaluation of peanut flour cracker varieties was conducted to determine consumer acceptability. Results show that peanut flour crackers were higher in protein and dietary fiber and lower in total carbohydrate content than the commercial crackers. Color values for peanut flour crackers were significantly affected by the addition of flavored powders, but the color of the basic peanut flour cracker was similar to the commercial crackers in the study. Texture evaluation determined that the peanut flour crackers were consistently softer than the commercial crackers. Sensory evaluation determined that the cheddar cheese-flavored peanut flour crackers were liked best by consumers, as indicated by high hedonic ratings. All other varieties were rated favorably except for those with Italian seasoning, which were slightly disliked. Overall, a cracker made with peanut flour is a promising consumer product with enhanced nutrition. © 2009 AACC International, Inc.	None	Cheddar cheese; Color and textures; Color values; Consumer acceptability; Dietary fibers; Instrumental measurements; Sensory evaluation; Total carbohydrates; Color; Consumer products; Nutrition; Oilseeds; Textures; Cracks; Allium sativum; Arachis hypogaea; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23744470700	Bread making quality evaluation of Ethiopian wheat cultivars using direct and indirect measures of quality traits	Dessalegn T., Labuschagne M.T., Van Deventer C.S.	2005	Cereal Research Communications	33	42403	None	Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Dessalegn, T., Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Van Deventer, C.S., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The bread making quality of Ethiopian cultivars was studied using 18 quality traits at low and high protein environments. Significant variation was observed between genotypes with a broad range of milling, rheological and baking traits. Three different quality prediction models were constructed explaining 48% to 73% of the variation of mixing time and loaf volume, respectively. SDS-sedimentation alone accounted for 56% of the variation in loaf volume at the high protein environment. The variation of mixing time due to protein content alone was 37% at the low protein environment. SDS-sedimentation and mixograph mixing time were common in the three models. SDS-sedimentation, protein content and mixing time can be used as selection criteria in breeding programs where resources are limited. Hectoliter weight and grain weight also contributed to the variation of loaf volume and mixing time.	Loaf volume; Quality; Wheat	Triticum aestivum; Triticum aethiopicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749532875	Evaluation of maize genotypes using parametric and non-parametric stability estimates	Abera W., Labuschagne M.T., Maartens H.	2006	Cereal Research Communications	34	42403	10.1556/CRC.34.2006.2-3.221	Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Abera, W., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Maartens, H., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	High and stable yield is very desirable in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Stable yield of a genotype means that its rank relative to other genotypes remains unchanged in a given set of environments. Grain yield of 10 maize genotypes was tested in a randomised block design with four replications across 15 environments (five locations in three years) in Ethiopia. The combined analysis of variance for environment (E), genotypes (G) and GE interaction was highly significant, suggesting differential responses of the genotypes and the need for stability analysis. The parametric stability measure of Wricke's ecovalence (Wi) and the regression coefficient (bi) showed that BH-660 was the most stable genotype. Nassar and Huehn's non-parametric measures S(1) and S(2), were significantly and positively correlated with Eberhart and Russell's Sdi2 and Wi. The stability measures are useful in characterising cultivars by showing their relative performance in various environments. Results revealed that high-yielding cultivars can also be stable cultivars. The stability statistics generally identified BH-660, L2 and Gibe-1 as the most stable genotypes, whereas Kulani and BH-140 were the least stable.	GE interaction; Stability parameters; Zea mays	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901425941	Hybrid performance and inbred-hybrid relationship of early maturing tropical maize under drought and well-watered conditions	Oyekunle M., Badu-Apraku B.	2014	Cereal Research Communications	42	2	10.1556/CRC.2013.0052	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom; University of Ibadan, Department of Agronomy, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria	Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom, University of Ibadan, Department of Agronomy, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria; Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom	Drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids are crucial to sustainability of maize production in West and Central Africa (WCA). Two studies were conducted at three locations in Nigeria for 2 yr to (i) assess performance of 156 early-maturing maize inbreds and three hybrid types and (ii) determine heterosis among the lines and relationship between lines per se and hybrid performance. The inbreds and their hybrids were evaluated separately under drought and well-watered conditions. Genotype, environment and genotype × environment interactions were significant for grain yield under the research conditions. Grain yield of inbreds ranged from 0.06 t ha>-1<> for TZEI 123 to 1.92 t ha>-1<> for TZEI 17 under drought. While differences in grain yield among hybrid types (single, three-way and double-cross hybrids) were not significant under drought, significant differences were detected among hybrid types under optimal conditions. GGE biplot analysis identified three inbreds, TZEI 18, TZEI 56, and TZEI 1 and hybrids TZEI 129 × TZEI 16, (TZEI 17 × TZEI 16) × TZEI 157 and (TZEI 16 × TZEI 157) × TZEI 129 as ideal across research conditions. Midparent heterosis (MPH) and high-parent heterosis (HPH) for grain yield were higher in the well-watered conditions than under drought. Positive and significant correlations existed between MPH, HPH and yield under both research conditions. Drought tolerant hybrids with stable and high yield are available for promotion for adoption by farmers in WCA.	drought susceptibility index; drought tolerant inbreds; early-maturing hybrids; GGE biplot; maize (Zea mays L.)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953030482	The photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cell based on chlorin local dye	Ozuomba J.O., Ekpunobi A.J., Ekwo P.I.	2011	Chalcogenide Letters	8	3	None	Department of Physics, Madonna University, Elele, Nigeria; Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Ozuomba, J.O., Department of Physics, Madonna University, Elele, Nigeria; Ekpunobi, A.J., Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Ekwo, P.I., Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	The paper reports on the fabrication and characterisation of a dye sensitized solar cells using chlorin (Ch)-stained titanium (iv) oxide (TiO 2). A second bare or plain cell which serves as a control was fabricated using unstained TiO 2. The chlorine dye was extracted from bahama grass. Thin films of Ch-strained TiO 2 and unstained TiO 2 were deposited on transparent conducting oxide glass using the blade method. The Ch-stained electrode was found to absorb solar radiation both in the UV and VIS region. The photoelectric energy conversion efficiency was found to be 1.00% and 0.03% for Ch-stained and bare electrodes respectively. The diurnal variation of output power for both cells was carried out for three days. The efficiency of the stained cell can be compared with 1.43% obtained by Suri et al and 1.5% recorded by Law et al. Results of the hourly output power obtained for the three days revealed that the local dye can make a good photo sensitizer but would require further treatment to improve on its optical absorbance and stability under exposure to solar irradiation.	Bahama grass; Dye sensitized solar cell; Local dye; Photovoltaic performance; Ruthenium complexes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957979922	Autoreduction and Catalytic Performance of a Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Spheres	Xiong H., Moyo M., Rayner M.K., Jewell L.L., Billing D.G., Coville N.J.	2010	ChemCatChem	2	5	10.1002/cctc.200900309	DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Xiong, H., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Moyo, M., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Rayner, M.K., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Jewell, L.L., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Billing, D.G., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Coville, N.J., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Autoreduction; Carbon; Cobalt; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Supported catalysts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940720688	Effects of Organic Modifiers on a Palladium Catalyst in the Competitive Hydrogenation of 1-Octene Versus Octanal: An Evaluation of Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer	Miller S.F., Friedrich H.B., Holzapfel C.W., Dasireddy V.D.B.C.	2015	ChemCatChem	7	17	10.1002/cctc.201500401	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Miller, S.F., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Friedrich, H.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Holzapfel, C.W., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dasireddy, V.D.B.C., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	The competitive hydrogenation between 1-octene and octanal has been investigated with a ≈5% palladium on alumina catalyst prepared in situ with the following organic modifiers: pyridine, 1-methylimidazole, 1,3-dimethylimidazole methylsulfate, 1,3-dimethylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and methyltri-sec-butylphosphonium methylsulfate. The results of these investigations indicate that the ionic liquid modifiers have significant and specific effects on catalytic performance, for example, certain systems can completely suppress octanal conversion. In addition, analytical techniques reveal that the matrix and quantity of organic species on the used catalysts are different if different ionic liquids are used as modifiers. Surface studies also reveal that the modifiers have a noticeable effect on the crystallite size and chemisorption properties of the catalysts. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	chemisorption; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; ionic liquids; palladium	Alumina; Catalysis; Catalyst activity; Catalysts; Chemisorption; Crystallite size; Hydrogenation; Liquids; Palladium; 1-methylimidazole; Catalytic performance; Liquid modifiers; Organic modifier; Organic species; Palladium catalyst; Palladium on alumina; Specific effects; Ionic liquids	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942526419	The Synthesis and Evaluation of C7-Substituted α-Tetralone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase	Legoabe L.J., Petzer A., Petzer J.P.	2015	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	86	4	10.1111/cbdd.12508	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Legoabe, L.J., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Petzer, A., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Petzer, J.P., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Based on a previous report that α-tetralone (3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one) is a promising scaffold for the design of highly potent inhibitors of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase, the present study investigates the monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties of a synthetic series of fifteen C7-substituted α-tetralone derivatives. Arylalkyloxy substitution on C7 of the α-tetralone moiety yielded compounds with high inhibition potencies toward the human monoamine oxidase-B isoform with all compounds possessing IC<inf>50</inf> values in the submicromolar range (0.00089-0.047 μm). The C7-substituted α-tetralones also were highly potent monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors with thirteen (of fifteen) compounds possessing IC<inf>50</inf> values in the submicromolar range (0.010-0.741 μm). The α-tetralones were, however, in each instance selective for monoamine oxidase-B over the monoamine oxidase-A isoform. Dialyses of enzyme-inhibitor mixtures show that, while a representative inhibitor acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B is not readily reversed by dialysis. Using a molecular modeling approach, possible binding orientations and interactions of selected α-tetralones with the active sites of the monoamine oxidases are also proposed. This study suggests that C7-substituted α-tetralones are promising monoamine oxidase inhibitors and may represent lead compounds for the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and depression. C7-Substituted α-tetralones act as high potency reversible inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. This class of compounds represent promising leads for the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and depression. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	competitive; dialysis; inhibition; monoamine oxidase; reversible; α-tetralone	1 tetralone derivative; amine oxidase (flavin containing) isoenzyme A; amine oxidase (flavin containing) isoenzyme B; lazabemide; monoamine oxidase A inhibitor; monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; monoamine oxidase inhibitor; antidepressant activity; Article; competitive inhibition; crystallization; drug potency; drug safety; drug screening; drug synthesis; enzyme activity; enzyme substrate; hydrogen bond; IC50; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; molecular model; Parkinson disease; priority journal; structure activity relation; therapy effect	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922982409	The evaluation of statins as potential inhibitors of the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction	Harrison A.T., Kriel F.H., Papathanasopoulos M.A., Mosebi S., Abrahams S., Hewer R.	2015	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	85	3	10.1111/cbdd.12384	CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Harrison, A.T., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kriel, F.H., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Papathanasopoulos, M.A., HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mosebi, S., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abrahams, S., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hewer, R., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Lovastatin was identified through virtual screening as a potential inhibitor of the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction. In an AlphaScreen assay, lovastatin inhibited the purified recombinant protein-protein interaction (IC50 = 1.97 ± 0.45 μM) more effectively than seven other tested statins. None of the eight statins, however, yielded antiviral activity in vitro, while only pravastatin lactone yielded detectable inhibition of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer activity (31.65% at 100 μM). A correlation between lipophilicity and increased cellular toxicity of the statins was observed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	AlphaScreen; HIV-1 integrase; LEDGF/p75; Lovastatin; Statins	antivirus agent; atorvastatin; compactin; cx 05168; fluindostatin; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; integrase; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; lens epithelium derived growth factor; lymphocyte function associated antigen 1; mevinolin; pravastatin; protein p75; RANTES; Rho factor; simvastatin; unclassified drug; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; integrase; integrase inhibitor; lens epithelium-derived growth factor; p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; recombinant protein; signal peptide; antiviral activity; Article; binding site; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; down regulation; drug screening; enzyme activity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; in vitro study; lipophilicity; priority journal; protein protein interaction; biosynthesis; cell culture; chemistry; cytology; drug effects; drug screening; enzymology; genetics; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; metabolism; mononuclear cell; physiology; protein domain; virus replication; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Cells, Cultured; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; HIV Integrase; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lovastatin; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Recombinant Proteins; Virus Replication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651470475	Docking, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Antimitotic Estrone Analogs	Stander A., Joubert F., Joubert A.	2011	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	77	3	10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01064.x	Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Stander, A., Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, F., Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, A., Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In the present study, Autodock 4.0 was employed to discover potential carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors that are able to interfere with microtubule dynamics by binding to the Colchicine binding site of tubulin. Modifications at position 2' of estrone were made to include moieties that are known to improve the antimitotic activity of estradiol analogs. 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-3-ol-17-one estronem (C9) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (C12) were synthesized and tested in vitro. Growth studies were conducted utilizing spectrophotometrical analysis with crystal violet as DNA stain. Compounds C9 and C12 were cytotoxic in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells, SNO non-keratinizing squamous epithelium cancer cells and HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. Compounds C9 inhibited cell proliferation to 50% of the vehicle-treated controls from 110 to 160nm and C12 at concentrations ranging from 180 to 220nm. Confocal microscopy revealed abnormal spindle morphology in mitotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the number of cells in the G 2/M fraction after 24h and an increase in the number of cell in the sub-G 1 fraction after 48h, indicating that the compounds are antimitotic and able to induce apoptosis. © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S.	Biological screening; Mechanism-based drug design; Virtual screening	2 ethyl 3 o sulphamoy lestra 1,3,5(10), 15 tetraen 3 ol 17 one estronem; 2 ethyl 3 o sulphamoyl estra 1,3,5(10) 16 tetraene; 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine; antimitotic agent; carbonate dehydratase inhibitor; colchicine; crystal violet; tubulin; unclassified drug; apoptosis; article; breast cancer; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell count; cell cycle G1 phase; cell cycle G2 phase; cell cycle M phase; cell fractionation; cell strain MCF 7; concentration (parameters); confocal microscopy; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug binding site; drug screening; drug synthesis; HeLa cell; human; human cell; in vitro study; microtubule assembly; mitosis inhibition; mitosis rate; molecular docking; priority journal; spectrophotometry; squamous cell carcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antimitotic Agents; Binding Sites; Breast Neoplasms; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Colchicine; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Estrone; Female; G2 Phase; Humans; Software; Tubulin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899015621	The impact of active site mutations of South African HIV PR on drug resistance: Insight from molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy and per-residue footprints	Ahmed S.M., Maguire G.E.M., Kruger H.G., Govender T.	2014	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	83	4	10.1111/cbdd.12262	Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Center of Catalysis and Peptide Synthesis, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa	Ahmed, S.M., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., Center of Catalysis and Peptide Synthesis, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., Center of Catalysis and Peptide Synthesis, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Govender, T., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa	Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were used to provide an understanding of the impact of active site drug-resistant mutations of the South African HIV protease subtype C (C-SA HIV PR), V82A and V82F/I84V on drug resistance. Unique per-residue interaction energy 'footprints' were developed to map the overall drug-binding profiles for the wild type and mutants. Results confirmed that these mutations altered the overall binding landscape of the amino acid residues not only in the active site region but also in the flaps as well. Four FDA-approved drugs were investigated in this study; these include ritonavir (RTV), saquinavir (SQV), indinavir (IDV), and nelfinavir (NFV). Computational results compared against experimental findings were found to be complementary. Against the V82F/I84V variant, saquinavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir lose remarkable entropic contributions relative to both wild-type and V82A C-SA HIV PRs. The per-residue energy 'footprints' and the analysis of ligand-receptor interactions for the drug complexes with the wild type and mutants have also highlighted the nature of drug interactions. The data presented in this study will prove useful in the design of more potent inhibitors effective against drug-resistant HIV strains. Molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations showed that the binding affinity of inhibitors for the V82F/I84V double mutant is impaired significantly compared with wild type and V82A mutant. It was found that localized mutations can disturb the binding affinity of the inhibitors toward the nearby, and some cases distant, residues. Entropic loss was found to play a role in binding affinity with some inhibitors more than the others. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	binding free energy calculations; HIV protease subtype C; molecular dynamics	amino acid; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; indinavir; ligand; mutant protein; nelfinavir; receptor; ritonavir; saquinavir; unclassified drug; v82a enzyme; v82f i84v enzyme; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor; antiviral resistance; article; binding affinity; drug protein binding; entropy; enzyme active site; ligand binding; molecular dynamics; multidrug resistance; mutational analysis; priority journal; protein footprinting; protein protein interaction; receptor binding; wild type; Africa; antiviral resistance; chemical structure; chemistry; drug effects; genetics; metabolism; mutation; thermodynamics; Africa; Catalytic Domain; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Protease; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mutation; Thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82555193672	Gold nanoparticles show electroactivity: Counting and sorting nanoparticles upon impact with electrodes	Zhou Y.-G., Rees N.V., Pillay J., Tshikhudo R., Vilakazi S., Compton R.G.	2012	Chemical Communications	48	2	10.1039/c1cc16407d	Dept. of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg 2125, South Africa	Zhou, Y.-G., Dept. of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Rees, N.V., Dept. of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Pillay, J., Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg 2125, South Africa; Tshikhudo, R., Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg 2125, South Africa; Vilakazi, S., Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Drive, Randburg 2125, South Africa; Compton, R.G., Dept. of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom	Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous 0.10 M HCl are shown to be electroactive at oxidising potentials greater than 1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) by means of voltammetric monitoring of AuNP-electrode collisions. The method promises the use of anodic particle coulometry for the detection and characterisation of the AuNPs.	None	chloride; gold nanoparticle; aqueous solution; article; coulometry; electrode; potentiometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884332013	Fluorine substitution enhanced photovoltaic performance of a D-A 1-D-A2 copolymer	Dang D., Chen W., Yang R., Zhu W., Mammo W., Wang E.	2013	Chemical Communications	49	81	10.1039/c3cc44931a	Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Dang, D., Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden; Chen, W., Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Yang, R., Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Zhu, W., Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; Mammo, W., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wang, E., Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden	A new alternating donor-acceptor (D-A1-D-A2) copolymer containing two electron-deficient moieties, isoindigo and quinoxaline, was synthesized. The photovoltaic performance of this polymer could be improved by incorporating fluorine atoms into the quinoxaline units, resulting in an efficiency of 6.32%. This result highlights the attractive promise of D-A 1-D-A2 copolymers for high-performance bulk heterojunction solar cells. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	copolymer; fluorine; quinoxaline; absorption; article; atom; atomic force microscopy; density functional theory; electric potential; electrical equipment; solar cell; substitution reaction; synthesis; Fluorine; Indoles; Polymers; Quantum Theory; Quinoxalines; Solar Energy	51173199, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949115102	High-performance towards Cr(VI) removal using multi-active sites of polypyrrole-graphene oxide nanocomposites: Batch and column studies	Setshedi K.Z., Bhaumik M., Onyango M.S., Maity A.	2015	Chemical Engineering Journal	262	None	10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.034	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Setshedi, K.Z., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Bhaumik, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Onyango, M.S., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] adsorption onto polypyrrole graphene oxide nanocomposite (PPy-GO NC) From aqueous solutions was explored using batch and packed-bed column modes. The performance of the PPy-GO NC for Cr(VI) removal was evaluated as a function of solution pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, bed mass and time. The characterization of PPy-GO NC using HR-TEM, FE-SEM and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that graphite was successfully exfoliated to thin layered graphene sheets and also ensured the presence of the PPy in the PPy-GO NC. Meanwhile the zeta potential data showed that the point of zero charge of the nanocomposite was at pH 6.2. Batch sorption isotherm data at optimum solution pH of 2, was satisfactorily described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum sorption capacity of 625. mg/g at 25. °C, while the kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Sorption of Cr(VI) onto PPy-GO NC in binary ions systems was also evaluated and results showed that the presence of co-existing ions had no effect on Cr(VI) removal. Expressed through breakthrough curves, the packed-bed Cr(VI) sorption data showed consistency with the ideal s-shape. Moreover, a large volume of Cr(VI) contaminated water (64.08. L) was successfully treated to below allowable discharge limit at low influent Cr(VI) concentration (10. mg/L) using 2. g of PPy-GO NC at a flow rate of 3. mL/min. Breakthrough data were successfully described by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Breakthrough; Graphene oxide; Kinetics; Nanocomposites; Polypyrrole	Adsorption isotherms; Enzyme kinetics; Graphene; Isotherms; Kinetics; Nanocomposites; Packed beds; Polypyrroles; Sorption; Water pollution; Allowable discharge limits; Breakthrough; Cr contaminated water; Graphene oxide nanocomposites; Graphene oxides; Langmuir isotherm models; Point of zero charge; Pseudo-second-order kinetic models; Chromium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870311367	The impact of contactor scale on a ferric nanoparticle adsorbent process for the removal of phosphorus from municipal wastewater	Martin B.D., De Kock L., Stephenson T., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B.	2013	Chemical Engineering Journal	None	None	10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.006	Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	Martin, B.D., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; De Kock, L., Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Stephenson, T., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Parsons, S.A., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Jefferson, B., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom, Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	The impact of contactor scale on the efficacy of a ferric nanoparticle embedded media for phosphorus removal was investigated. Experiments were conducted on columns with diameters between 15 and 500mm, operated at a fixed empty bed contact time of 4min and an aspect ratio of bed depth to column diameter of 2:1 to ensure self similarity. The columns contained a ferric nanoparticle embedded media, and treated water containing 4mgPL-1 to simulate applications of full load removal. The treatable flow before breakthrough, the shape of the mass transfer zone and the capacity were all seen to vary with the column diameter used. A logarithmic relationship was observed between column diameter and adsorption capacity such that the capacity increased from 3.4 to 6.3mgPgmedia-1 as the column diameter increased from 15 to 500mm. Overall the results highlight the importance of considering the scale at which the capacity is measured when assessing the economic suitability of the embedded nanoparticle resin. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Ferric nanoparticles; Municipal wastewater; Phosphorus removal; Scale-up	Adsorption capacities; Bed depth; Embedded media; Embedded nanoparticles; Empty bed contact time; Full-load; Logarithmic relationship; Municipal wastewaters; Phosphorus removal; Scale-up; Self-similarities; Aspect ratio; Phosphorus; Water treatment; Nanoparticles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954539961	Selective oxidation of p-cymene catalyzed by VPO catalyst: Process performance and kinetics studies	Makgwane P.R., Harmse N.I., Ferg E.E., Zeelie B.	2010	Chemical Engineering Journal	162	1	10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.016	InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	Makgwane, P.R., InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Harmse, N.I., InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Ferg, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Zeelie, B., InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	The catalyzed liquid phase oxidation process of p-cymene to tertiary cymene hydroperoxide (TCHP) by vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) catalysts was studied in a well-stirred batch reactor. It was found that the VPO compounds improve the p-cymene oxidation rates and selectivity towards TCHP. In particular, the process gave around 85% TCHP selectivity with conversion of about 30% achieved within 4. h when compared to long oxidation times (8-12. h) in non-catalyzed industrial-scale p-cymene oxidation process. Although catalysts material containing the vanadyl pyrophosphate phase ((VO)2P2O7) are more active and selective, there is no evidence that this phase is the solely required active phase for this type of oxidation reaction based on the results of the tested different VPO catalyst phases. The results indicated the active participation of the catalyst in the initiation of the oxidation process, thus, reducing the long induction period. In the presence of only initiator added (ROOH), the reaction initiation showed typical long induction period of about 5-6. h to form only about 1% conversion. The observed improved TCHP selectivity displayed by the VPO catalyst during normal oxidation reaction can be explained by the slow or insignificant influence of the catalyst on the decomposition rate of the formed TCHP to by-products at substrate conversions of 35% or less. A kinetic model was determined that fitted the experimental results to predict the performance of the p-cymene liquid phase oxidation rates and conversion. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Kinetics; Liquid phase oxidation; P-cymene; Tertiary cymene hydroperoxide; Vanadium phosphate	Hydroperoxides; Liquid-phase oxidation; p-Cymene; Vanadium phosphate; Vanadium phosphates; Batch reactors; Liquids; Oxidation; Oxidation resistance; Phosphorus; Vanadium alloys; Vanadium compounds; Catalyst selectivity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755139509	Two dimensional fluidised bed reactor: Performance of a novel multi-vortex distributor	Brink H.G., Saayman J., Nicol W.	2011	Chemical Engineering Journal	175	1	10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.077	University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Brink, H.G., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Saayman, J., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Nicol, W., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The influence of the distributor configuration on interphase mass transfer, gas axial dispersion and bubble size was studied in a pseudo 2-D fluidised bed reactor for two types of distributor configurations; a novel multi-vortex (MV) distributor with tubes directed vertically and horizontally at different heights and a standard perforated plate distributor (baseline). The linear inlet velocity (U0) ranged between 0.1m/s and 0.35m/s, with air as fluidising medium at ambient conditions. The ozone decomposition reaction over Fe2O3 impregnated FCC catalyst was used as an indirect measure for the performance of the FBR and it was found that the MV distributor causes a significant improvement (15% average) in the conversion efficiencies at all velocities tested. Bubble size measurements (using two separate techniques) indicated larger bubbles for the MV distributor, while the visual bubbling to turbulent transition boundary (Uc) for the MV distributor was found to be lower than the baseline distributor. The interphase bubble-emulsion mass transfer was quantified using the model derived by Thompson et al. [32] and was found to be 52% higher for the MV distributor than the baseline distributor. In addition the MV distributor exhibited near plug flow characteristics at velocities exceeding Uc, while this was not the case for the baseline distributor. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Interphase mass transfer quantification; Multi-vortex distributor; Ozone decomposition reaction; Two dimensional fluidized bed reactor	Ambient conditions; Axial dispersions; Bubble size; Bubble size measurement; Different heights; FCC catalysts; Fluidised bed; Indirect measure; Inlet velocity; Inter-phase mass transfer; Multi-vortex distributor; Ozone decomposition; Ozone decomposition reaction; Plug flow; Thompson; Turbulent transition; Chemical reactors; Conversion efficiency; Emulsification; Fluid catalytic cracking; Fluidization; Mass transfer; Ozone; Perforated plates; Two dimensional; Vortex flow; Fluidized beds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864496283	Predicting the dynamics and performance of a polymer-clay based composite in a fixed bed system for the removal of lead (II) ion	Unuabonah E.I., El-Khaiary M.I., Olu-Owolabi B.I., Adebowale K.O.	2012	Chemical Engineering Research and Design	90	8	10.1016/j.cherd.2011.11.009	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway, PMB 3005, Redemption City, Mowe, Nigeria; Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of En	Unuabonah, E.I., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway, PMB 3005, Redemption City, Mowe, Nigeria, Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany; El-Khaiary, M.I., Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, El-Hadara, Alexandria 21544, Egypt; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A polymer-clay based composite adsorbent was prepared from locally obtained kaolinite clay and polyvinyl alcohol. The composite adsorbent was used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution in a fixed bed mode. The increase in bed height and initial metal ion concentration increased the adsorption capacity of lead (II) and the volume of aqueous solution treated at 50% breakthrough. However, the adsorption capacity was reduced by almost 16.5% with the simultaneous presence of Ca 2+/Pb 2+ and Na +/Pb 2+ in the aqueous solution. Regeneration of the adsorbent with 0.1M of HCl also reduced its adsorption capacity to 75.1%. Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto the polymer-clay composite adsorbent in the presence of Na + and Ca 2+ electrolyte increased the rate of mass transfer, probably due to competition between cationic species in solution for adsorption sites. Regeneration further increased the rate of mass transfer as a result of reduced adsorption sites after the regeneration process. The length of the mass transfer zone was found to increase with increasing bed height but did not change with increasing the initial metal ion concentration. The models of Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Clark were found to give good fit to adsorption data. On the other hand, Bohart-Adams model was found to be a poor predictor for the column operation. The polymer-clay composite adsorbent has a good potential for the removal of lead (II) ions from highly polluted aqueous solutions. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.	Adsorption models; Breakthrough; Fixed bed; Mass transfer zone; Polymer-clay composite; Regeneration	Adsorption capacities; Adsorption data; Adsorption model; Adsorption site; Bed height; Bohart-Adams model; Breakthrough; Cationic species; Column operations; Composite adsorbents; Fixed bed; Fixed-bed modes; Kaolinite clay; Lead ions; Metal ion concentration; Regeneration; Regeneration process; Geologic models; Kaolinite; Lead; Mass transfer; Metal ions; Polymers; Solutions; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954382931	Performance characteristics of pilot plant dense media hydrocyclone for beneficiation of coal and 3-D CFD simulation	Dinesh Suresh P., Kumar V., Sripriya R., Chakraborty S., Meikap B.C.	2010	Chemical Engineering Science	65	16	10.1016/j.ces.2010.05.006	Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George V. Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Dinesh Suresh, P., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; Kumar, V., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; Sripriya, R., R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; Chakraborty, S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; Meikap, B.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George V. Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Dense-medium separators have proven to be the most efficient processes for removing the undesirable material from run-of-mine coal. The application of high-pressure feed injection into dense-medium cyclones to provide an elevated centrifugal force has recently been found to allow efficient separation performances for the treatment of fine coal (i.e., <1000 γm). However, high-pressure injection requires specialized pumps and results in relatively high maintenance requirements. the Current study involves experimental investigation of separation performance characteristics of the dense media hydrocyclone (DMC). A pilot plant DMC has been designed and fabricated for performance characterization. Experiments have been conducted on 300. mm dense medium cyclone treating coal in the size range of -6 to +2. mm using magnetite as the medium under operating conditions. The operating variable was the specific gravity of the medium, feed inlet pressure and feed inlet flow rate. The ash contents of the feed coal reporting to the overflow and underflow have been analyzed qualitatively. The result indicates that the use of magnetite as dense medium in DMC resulted in the yield of clean coal, which is 5% more when the air core is suppressed as compared to the same conditions when the air core remains. A 3-D geometry is created in Gambit to support the experimental findings by using CFD simulation. It is interesting to observe that experimental findings agree well with the simulation results. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	CFD simulation; Coal beneficiation; Dense media hydrocyclone; Dense medium; Hydrocyclone; Magnetite suspension	CFD simulations; Coal beneficiation; Dense media; Dense medium; Hydro-cyclone; Magnetite suspensions; Beneficiation; Centrifugation; Coal; Coal industry; Concentration (process); Cyclone separators; Inlet flow; Magnetite; Oxide minerals; Pilot plants; Storms; Three dimensional; Computational fluid dynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864037297	Evaluation of experimental data for wax and diamondoids solubility in gaseous systems	Mohammadi A.H., Gharagheizi F., Eslamimanesh A., Richon D.	2012	Chemical Engineering Science	81	None	10.1016/j.ces.2012.06.051	MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP-Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France; Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran; Technical University of Denmark, Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark	Mohammadi, A.H., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP-Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Gharagheizi, F., Department of Chemical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran; Eslamimanesh, A., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP-Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France; Richon, D., Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark	The Leverage statistical approach is herein applied for evaluation of experimental data of the paraffin waxes/diamondoids solubility in gaseous systems. The calculation steps of this algorithm consist of determination of the statistical Hat matrix, sketching the Williams Plot, and calculation of the residuals of two selected correlations results. In addition, the applicability domains of the investigated correlations and quality of the existing experimental data are examined accompanied by outlier diagnostics. Two previously applied Chrastil-type correlations including the original Chrastil and Mèndez-Santiago and Teja correlations are used to calculate/estimate the solubility of paraffin waxes (including n-C 24H 50 to n-C 33H 68) and diamondoids (adamantane and diamantane) in carbon dioxide/ethane gases, respectively. It can be interpreted from the obtained results that the applied equations for calculation of the corresponding solubilities are statistically valid and correct, and none of the experimental data can be designated as outliers. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Diamondoids; Evaluation of data; Gaseous system; Outlier diagnostics; Paraffin waxes; Phase equilibrium data	Adamantanes; Diamondoids; Evaluation of data; Experimental data; Gaseous systems; Phase equilibrium data; Statistical approach; Williams; Carbon dioxide; Paraffin waxes; Paraffins; Statistics; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921867012	Evaluation of the applicability of acid leaching for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method	Tanaka R., Yokoyama T., Kitagawa H., Tesfaye D.B., Nakamura E.	2015	Chemical Geology	396	None	10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.025	The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tanaka, R., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Yokoyama, T., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; Kitagawa, H., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Tesfaye, D.B., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nakamura, E., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan	The 238U-230Th internal isochron method has great potential for determining eruption ages of young volcanic materials if the separated groundmass phases have a sufficiently wide range of U/Th ratios. We examined the fractionation behavior of U and Th in aged (i.e., &gt;0.5Ma) basaltic samples by 6M hydrochloric acid leaching to evaluate the applicability of acid-leaching treatment for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method. Acid leaching of aged basaltic rocks in 238U-234U-230Th secular equilibrium at the bulk-rock scale results in 230Th-238U and 234U-238U radioactive disequilibria for both leachates and residues. These radioactive disequilibria can be explained by redistribution of 234Th (parent of 234U) and 230Th between acid-soluble and acid-resistant phases due to α-recoil. The number of 230Th atoms redistributed by α-recoil can be calculated by using a mass conservation equation for 234U atoms and by the relative amount of recoiled 230Th and 234Th, the latter proportional to the kinetic energy of the recoiled nuclide. When the fraction of daughter nuclide 234U remaining in either the residue or leachate, after α-recoil redistribution of 238U, is large enough (&gt;95%), the corrected (230Th/238U) values of leachate and residue show radioactive equilibria. This result demonstrates that preferential fractionation between U and Th does not occur during acid leaching for basaltic samples if there is no selective etching of the α-recoil track. This study implies that acid-leaching can be used in conjunction with the 238U-230Th internal isochron method for dating young volcanic rocks by evaluating the degree of the α-recoil redistribution of 234U. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	238U-230Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; α-Recoil	Basalt; Isotopes; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Leaching; Radioactivity; Thorium; Volcanic rocks; Volcanoes; <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; Acid leaching treatments; Alpha-recoil track; Hydrochloric acid leaching; Mass conservation equations; Secular equilibrium; Volcanic materials; Uranium; basalt; hydrochloric acid; isotopic fractionation; isotopic ratio; leachate; uranium series dating; volcanic eruption; volcanic rock	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896495824	Hemilabile imino-phosphine palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, molecular structure, and evaluation in Heck reactions	Motswainyana W.M., Onani M.O., Lalancette R.A., Tarus P.K.	2014	Chemical Papers	68	7	10.2478/s11696-013-0530-6	Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Motswainyana, W.M., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Onani, M.O., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Lalancette, R.A., Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States; Tarus, P.K., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	The ligands 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzyl-(2-thiophene)methylimine (V) and 2-(diphenylphosphino) benzyl-(2-thiophene)ethylimine (VI) were prepared from 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and thiophene amines with very good yields. An equimolar reaction of V and VI with either PdCl2(cod) (cod = cyclooctadiene) or PdClMe(cod) afforded palladium(II) complexes I-IV. The molecular structure of II was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The coordination geometry around the palladium atom exhibited distorted square planar geometry at the palladium centre. Complexes I, II, and IV were evaluated as catalysts for Heck coupling reactions of iodobenzene with methyl acrylate under mild reaction conditions; 0.1 mole % catalyst, Et3N base, MeCN reflux for 8 h, 80 C; isolated yield on a 10 mmol scale with catalyst I (64 %), II (68 %), and IV (58 %). They all exhibited significant activities. © 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.	Heck reaction; imino-phosphine; palladium; Schiff-base molecular structures	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249733716	Single-walled carbon nanotube-induced crystallinity on the electropolymeric film of tetraaminophthalocyaninatonickel(II) complex: Impact on the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer	Pillay J., Ozoemena K.I.	2007	Chemical Physics Letters	441	42372	10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.095	Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Pillay, J., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Ozoemena, K.I., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	We present a fundamental investigation on the impact of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on the film structure and redox behaviour of tetraaminophthalocyaninatonickel(II) complex (NiTAPc) electropolymer immobilized on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPPGE). SWCNT induces crystallinity on the NiTAPc electropolymeric film structure and increases its apparent electron transfer rate constant (kapp). We proved that there is potential advantage of using electrode based on the SWCNT-poly-NiTAPc hybrid for catalytic and sensing applications as it enhances the catalytic current for the detection of nitric oxide more than twice compared to bare BPPGE, BPPGE-SWCNT and other electrodes without SWCNTs. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	None	Electron transitions; Electropolymerization; Graphite electrodes; Nickel compounds; Rate constants; Thin films; Electron transfer; Electropolymeric film structure; Electropolymeric films; Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77249163163	Mobility and speciation of heavy metals in soils impacted by hazardous waste	Ogundiran M.B., Osibanjo O.	2009	Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability	21	2	10.3184/095422909X449481	Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogundiran, M.B., Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Osibanjo, O., Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This study describes the mobility and chemical fractionation of heavy metals (HMs) from a site impacted by auto battery slag that was generated from secondary lead smelting operations. Samples were collected from the waste pile and from the immediate surrounding soil at four depths to assess the migration and potential bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn. Total levels of the HMs and their fractionation were determined. The results indicate that highest levels of HMs are present in the uppermost layer with significant migration down the depth, thereby posing a threat to groundwater quality. In the fractions, the concentrations of the metals follow this sequence: Pb>Zn>Cd>Cr>Ni. The chemical fractions of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn in the samples, expressed as mean concentrations of the sum of the individual chemical fractions, demonstrate that the HMs exist mainly in the non-residual fractions. For instance, the percentage of non-residual fractions of lead in the waste pile and the surrounding soil ranged from 48.9 to 95.6% and 69.4 to 98.3% respectively. The mobility factors of the heavy metals are significantly high indicating high potential mobility and bioavailable forms of these HMs. The high concentrations of the HMs particularly Pb in the non-residual fractions, as observed in this study, shows the impact of anthropogenic activities on enrichment of natural soil with bioavailable HMs. Consequently, there is a need to be cautious in the way waste that is generated from heavy metals projects is added to natural soil.	Bioavailability; Contamination; Fractionation; Heavy metals; Mobility factor	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960438184	Assessment of heavy metal speciation in soils impacted with crude oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria	Iwegbue C.M.A.	2011	Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability	23	1	10.3184/095422911X12964002282100	Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Iwegbue, C.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Chemical fractionation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Mn in soils that had received a significant impact of crude oil spillage in the Niger Delta, Nigeria was studied using a sequential chemical extraction method. The results revealed that significant amounts of the metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Mn) were found in the most labile fractions as compared to the control site. On average, Ni, Cr and Zn were mostly associated with the residual fraction; Pb and Mn with the Fe-Mn oxides; Cu with the organic fraction and Cd with the exchangeable fraction. Among the non-residual fractions, metals were mostly associated with the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. The mobility factors of these metals were higher at the impacted sites as compared with the control site. High mobility of the metals in the impacted soils was associated with the oil spillage, since exogenous metals are usually weakly bound to soil particles. The mobility factors for the metals follow the order: Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Mn > Cu > Cr.	Bioavailability; Heavy metals; Niger Delta; Oil spill; Sequential chemical extraction; Soils; Speciation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905712547	Fractionation, mobility and multivariate statistical evaluation of metals in marine sediments of Cape Town harbour, South Africa	Okoro H.K., Fatoki O.S., Adekola F.A., Ximba B.J., Snyman R.G.	2014	Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability	26	3	10.3184/095422914X14038001068544	Environmental-Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa; Environmental-Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B.1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Okoro, H.K., Environmental-Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa; Fatoki, O.S., Environmental-Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa; Adekola, F.A., Environmental-Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B.1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ximba, B.J., Environmental-Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa; Snyman, R.G., Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Distribution of possible chemical forms of Al, Si, Sn, Pb, Zn, Fe, Hg, Cd and Cu in marine sediments of Cape Town harbour was investigated using a modified Tessier's sequential extraction procedure and ICP-MS and ICP-AES for heavy metals determination. The mean fractions for all metals at all locations were: 1.5-7196mg kg-1 for Si, 7.79-7266mg kg-1 for Al, 161-639mg kg-1 for Cu, 19-41978mg kg-1 for Fe, 2.83-5864mg kg-1 for Zn, 1.45-13.26mg kg-1 for Cd, 9.87-223mg kg-1 for Sn, 11.98-979mg kg-1 for Pb and 0.13-5.93mg kg-1 for Hg. Si, Al and Zn were mostly associated with Fe-Mn oxides, whereas Sn and Hg were mainly bound to residual and organic matter. Pb existed mainly in the residual and iron/manganese oxide phases while Cd was evenly distributed in all the five phases. The loading plots of heavy metals bound to the various chemical forms, as well as Pearson correlation coefficients, enabled the determination binding relationship. Pb, Sn and Hg exhibited similar binding behaviour which indicated an anthropogenic point source from wastes from the ship maintenance workshop, and the presence of Sn in the organic phase can be identified with the use of anti-fouling paints at the harbour, whereas Al, Fe, Si, Cu and Zn would probably be of natural origin. Lastly Cd probably came from a diffuse pollution sources in the harbour due to its unique binding characteristic. The mobility of heavy metals varied depending on location and the heavy metal type. The mobility of metals followed the order: Si &gt; Zn &gt; Fe &gt; Cu&gt; Al&gt; Cd&gt; Pb &gt; Sn &gt; Hg. The high percentage of Cd and Pb in the bioavailable forms suggested the need to keep close surveillance on these metals because of their high toxicity.	Cape Town harbour; Heavy metals; Marine sediments; Mobility; Principal component analysis; Speciation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939439666	Improving students' performance in naming and writing structural formulae of hydrocarbons using the ball-and-stick models	Sarkodie P.A., Adu-Gyamfi K.	2015	Chemistry	24	2	None	Department of Science Education (College of Agriculture Education), University of Education, Winneba Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Department of Science Education, Mampong Technical College of Education, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	Sarkodie, P.A., Department of Science Education (College of Agriculture Education), University of Education, Winneba Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Adu-Gyamfi, K., Department of Science Education, Mampong Technical College of Education, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	Learning chemical concepts at the submicroscopic and symbolic levels has been identified as a difficult task for science students. Studies have shown that IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds, which is at the symbolic level of learning chemical concepts, is a difficult concept when it comes to students' learning. The current study involved a pre-service teacher and 60 high school students and investigated how students could improve upon their performance in naming and writing of structural formulae of hydrocarbons with the aid of ball-and-stick models. The pre-service teacher and the students were purposively selected to participate in the study. After seven weeks of teaching and learning of IUPAC naming and writing of structural formulae of hydrocarbons where the students physically manipulated the models, it was found that the students' performance and attitude improved after the intervention. It is therefore recommended that science educators should continuously use already existing and newly developed models in teaching chemical concepts to help students to actively conceptualise such concepts at the symbolic level.	Hydrocarbons; Structural formulae; Students' performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903473830	Effects of three cooperative learning strategies on the performance of secondary school students in physics	Gambari I.A., Yusuf M.O.	2014	Chemistry	23	3	None	Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Gambari, I.A., Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Yusuf, M.O., Department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study investigated the effects of three co-operative learning strategies on the performance of secondary students in physics. It also examined whether the performance of the students would vary with gender and achievement levels. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two senior secondary (SSS II) physics students from two intact classes in the selected four secondary schools in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The students were in STAD (n = 48), Jigsaw II (n = 42), TAI (n = 41), and ICI (n = 38) groups. Computer-Assisted Learning Package (CALP) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT) were used as treatment and test instruments respectively. Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe test were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that there was significant difference in the performance of the groups. In addition, students' gender had no influence on their performances. Also, achievement levels had significant influence on students' performance in cooperative settings. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other that teachers should be encouraged to use computer-supported cooperative strategies in the classroom for teaching physics concepts.	Achievement level; Computer in education; Gender; ICI; Jigsaw II; STAD; TAI	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31544462587	Assessment of heavy-metal profile of the New Calabar River and its impact on juvenile Clarias gariepinus	Wegwu M.O., Akaninwor J.O.	2006	Chemistry and Biodiversity	3	1	10.1002/cbdv.200690010	Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akaninwor, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	We have determined the heavy-metal status of the lower reaches of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta region over a 40-km-long distance, and its impact on the development of catfish (juvenile Clarias gariepinus). The total mean concentrations of dissolved trace metals in the river were 0.01, 0.85, 0.56, 2.08, 0.05, 12.0, and 6.59 mg/l for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The accumulated concentration of trace metals in the muscles of different mature fish caught from the river were examined, and the results fell within the action levels adopted in most countries. To evaluate the contributions of trace metals to fisheries depletion, eggs of C. gariepinus were hatched in dilution water spiked with the total mean metal levels determined in the river water. Our results indicate substantive inhibition of egg hatch even at very low concentrations of the majority of the trace metals studied, with mortality rates well above 50% after 216 h of exposure (Table 5). These findings suggest that trace metals (except for Zn), even at very low concentrations, negatively affect fish hatch and fry rearing, implying that aquatic milieus contaminated by trace metals are not suitable as nursery grounds for fish cultures. © 2006 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta.	None	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; mercury; river water; trace metal; zinc; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; breeding; catfish; concentration (parameters); controlled study; death; environmental exposure; environmental impact assessment; fishery; geography; hatching; Nigeria; nonhuman; pisciculture; river; tissue distribution; water pollution; Age Factors; Animals; Catfishes; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954567431	In vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity and toxicity of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho	Tariku Y., Hymete A., Hailu A., Rohloff J.	2011	Chemistry and Biodiversity	8	4	10.1002/cbdv.201000331	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rohloff, J., Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Potential toxicity, costs, and drug-resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097-0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC50 0.24-42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8-19.2) against the THP-1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	Antileishmanial activity; Artemisia absinthium; Echinops kebericho; Essential oils	antileishmanial agent; Artemisia absinthium extract; camphor; Echinops kebericho extract; essential oil; sesquiterpene lactone derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal activity; Artemisia absinthium; article; Asteraceae; cytotoxicity; Echinops kebericho; erythrocyte; hemolysis; human; human cell; in vitro study; Leishmania donovani; mass fragmentography; monocytic leukemia; nonhuman; promastigote; Antiprotozoal Agents; Artemisia absinthium; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Echinops Plant; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hemolysis; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Artemisia absinthium; Dryobalanops; Leishmania aethiopica; Leishmania donovani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649112709	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazides as new class of potential antiprotozoal agents	Bhat A.R., Athar F., Van Zyl R.L., Chen C.-T., Azam A.	2008	Chemistry and Biodiversity	5	5	10.1002/cbdv.200890073	Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Bhat, A.R., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Athar, F., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Chen, C.-T., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Azam, A., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India	A novel series of 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl) phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide, 4a -4n, was synthesized in 9-21% yield by the condensation of 4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)benzaldehyde (3) with various substituted thiosemicarbazides in presence of catalytic amount of AcOH. These compounds were assayed for in vitro antiamoebic activity, and the results showed that out of 14 compounds 9 were found with IC50 values lower than metronidazole corresponding to 1.05- to 4.7-fold increase in activity. MTT Assay showed that all the compounds are nontoxic to human kidney epithelial cell line. 4-(m-Toluidinyl)-1-{[4- (10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazide (4h) showed the highest antiamoebic activity with least cytotoxicity. Some of the compounds were screened for their antimalarial activities and ability to inhibit β-haematin formation, but none of them showed an activity better than chloroquine and quinine. Only one compound out of six showed an activity comparable to standard drug. © 2008 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	1,2,3,4 tetrahydro n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]quinoline 1 carbothiohydrazide; 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; 4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)benzaldehyde; 4 (2 chlorobenzyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (2 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (3 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (4 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 benzyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 4 methyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclooctyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclopentyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperizine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 4 phenyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperazine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 5 [4 (1,3 dioxolan 2 yl)phenyl] 10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin; antiprotozoal agent; chloroquine; hematin; metronidazole; n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]pyrrolidine 1 carbothiohydrazide; quinine; thiosemicarbazide derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal agent; porphyrin; semicarbazide derivative; thiosemicarbazide; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; Entamoeba histolytica; epithelium cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; inhibition kinetics; kidney epithelium; protein synthesis; Amoeba; animal; chemical structure; chemistry; classification; drug effect; Plasmodium; structure activity relation; synthesis; Amoeba; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Molecular Structure; Plasmodium; Porphyrins; Semicarbazides; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869748833	Imidazopyridine-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3: Synthesis and evaluation of amide isostere replacements of the carboxamide scaffold	Yngve U., Söderman P., Svensson M., Rosqvist S., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	Chemistry and Biodiversity	9	11	10.1002/cbdv.201200308	Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Yngve, U., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Söderman, P., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Svensson, M., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported. © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Bioisosteres; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3); Imidazopyridine; Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	1,2,4 oxadiazole derivative; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (propan 2 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (pyridin 3 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 3 [4[[2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridin 7 yl]sulfonyl]piperazin 1 yl]propanenitrile; 7 [2 (morpholin 4 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [3 (2 methoxyethyl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; amide; glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor; imidazopyridine derivative; n (2 hydroxy 1 phenylethyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (2 methoxyethyl) n methyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (3 methoxypropyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n [3 (1h imidazol 1 yl)propyl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n cyclopentyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; drug transformation; human; human cell; Drug Design; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxadiazoles; Pyridines; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948812581	Chemical and biogenophysical impact of four-dimensional (4D) seismic exploration in sub-Saharan Africa, and restoration of dysfunctionalized mangrove forests in the prospect areas	Osuji L.C., Ayolagha G., Obute G.C., Ohabuike H.C.	2007	Chemistry and Biodiversity	4	9	10.1002/cbdv.200790172	Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Ha	Osuji, L.C., Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayolagha, G., Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Obute, G.C., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ohabuike, H.C., EPG-PN-TTSP, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Four-dimensional (4D) seismic exploration, an improved geophysical technique for hydrocarbon-data acquisition, was applied for the first time in the Nembe Creek prospect area of Nigeria. The affected soils were slightly alkaline in situ when wet (pH 7.2), but extremely acidic when dry (pH 3.0). The organic carbon content (4.6-26.8%) and other physicochemical properties of soils and water (N, P, and heavy-metal contents, etc.) were higher than the baseline values obtained in 2001 before seismic profiling. Most values also exceeded the baseline compliance standards of the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Rehabilitation of the affected areas was achieved by stabilizing the mangrove floor by liming and appropriate application of nutrients, followed by replanting the cut seismic lines over a distance of 1,372 km with different mangrove species, including juvenile Rhizophora racemosa, R. mangle, and Avicennia species, which were transferred from nursery points. Quicker post-operational intervention is recommended for future 4D surveys, because the time lag between the end of seismic activity and post-impact investigation is critical in determining the relationship between activity and impact: the longer the intervening period, the more mooted the interaction. © 2007 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	heavy metal; hydrocarbon; organic carbon; water; petroleum; article; Avicennia; biogeography; chemical analysis; controlled study; ecosystem regeneration; environmental protection; mangrove; Nigeria; nutrient; petrochemical industry; pH; physical chemistry; Rhizophora mangle; Rhizophora racemosa; soil pollution; water contamination; world health organization; methodology; Rhizophoraceae; soil; tree; Avicennia; Rhizophora racemosa; Conservation of Natural Resources; Hydrocarbons; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Petroleum; Rhizophoraceae; Soil; Trees	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449333332	Impact of brewery effluent on water quality of the Olosun river in Ibadan, Nigeria	Ipeaiyeda A.R., Onianwa P.C.	2009	Chemistry and Ecology	25	3	10.1080/02757540902970314	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ipeaiyeda, A.R., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Onianwa, P.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	There has been significant pollution of the Olosun river in Ibadan with untreated brewery effluent. The nature and extent of pollution resulting from effluent discharged into this river has not been fully investigated. This study investigated the impact of such effluents on the water quality of the Olosun river. Sampling points of river water included two upstream locations up to 100m from the discharge point, the effluent discharge point and six points downstream. The Olosun river was sampled up to about 690m downstream. Sampling of river water was carried out on a monthly basis between March 2001 to March 2002 and January 2004 to December 2004. The physico-chemical impact on the water quality downstream was indicated by reduced pH and dissolved oxygen. The levels of chloride, nitrate, ammonia, dissolved solids, turbidity and BOD were significantly high, arising from the inflow of brewery effluent. The brewery effluent significantly contributed to the levels of Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd and Pb downstream such that they exceeded the freshwater and drinking water criteria. In addition, the overall concentrations of these heavy metals were well above the background concentration obtained at the upstream location. The levels of these indicator parameters responsible for this brewery effluent quality exceeded the effluent guideline for discharge into surface water. Thus, brewery effluent is among the major sources or factors responsible for river water quality deterioration. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Brewery effluent; Olosun river; Physicochemical impact; Water pollution; Water quality	ammonia; chloride; dissolved oxygen; effluent; nitrate; pH; physicochemical property; pollutant source; river pollution; river water; water quality; Africa; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750186643	Impact of four-dimensional seismic and production activities on the mangrove systems of the Niger Delta, Nigeria	Osuji L.C., Ndukwu B.C., Obute G.C., Agbagwa I.	2006	Chemistry and Ecology	22	5	10.1080/02757540600917559	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Osuji, L.C., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ndukwu, B.C., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Obute, G.C., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Agbagwa, I., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Reconnaissance survey and laboratory appraisal of the mangrove system in seven communities in the Niger Delta (Nigeria) endangered by seismic and production operations revealed several alterations of soil, sediment, and vegetation. Hydrocarbon content in the range of 0.3-1.1 mg/100 g was extracted within the proximities of spill sources and seismic lines. The prospect area covered by our investigation was characterized by a mixed mangrove forest dominated by Rhizophora racemosa. It was observed that the construction of the seismic lines was responsible for the vegetal disorientation recurrent in the area. The grass, Paspalum vaginatum, and the saltwater fern, Acrostichum aureum, were found at the fringe of most dredge spoils. The characteristic tidal inundation which increases mobility of the substrate, salinity fluctuation, and anoxia may also have contributed, at least in part, to the observed despoliation of some of these species found within the vicinities of the seismic lines and hydrocarbon percolation. Extensive revegetation program is recommended to ensure an effective restoration process of this ecologically fragile zone.	Mangroves; Oil production; Sediment; Seismic; Soil	hydrocarbon; mangrove; oil production; oil spill; restoration ecology; revegetation; seismicity; Africa; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Acrostichum aureum; Filicophyta; Paspalum; Paspalum vaginatum; Rhizophora racemosa; Rhizophoraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955796764	Inaccuracy of self-evaluation as additional variable for prediction of students at risk of failing first-year chemistry	Potgieter M., Ackermann M., Fletcher L.	2010	Chemistry Education Research and Practice	11	1	10.1039/c001042c	Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Potgieter, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Ackermann, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Fletcher, L., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Early identification of students at risk of failing first-year chemistry allows timely intervention. Cognitive factors alone are insufficient predictors for success; however, non-cognitive factors are usually difficult to measure. We have explored the use of demographic and performance variables, as well as the accuracy of self-evaluation as an indicator of metacognitive ability, as possible indicators for students at risk of failing the first semester course in General Chemistry (CMY 117) at the University of Pretoria. Variables with a strong correlation with performance in CMY 117 were used to develop a prediction model based on logistic regression. Three variables, i.e. prior performance in mathematics and in physical science, and the extent of overconfidence expressed as the ratio between expected and actual performance in a chemistry pre-test written at the start of the semester, were shown to be significant predictors for risk of failing. The highest overall accuracy of prediction (76%) was obtained for a subset of students with a C or D grade for their high school leaving examination in mathematics when high risk students were defined as those with a final mark for CMY 117 as 51% or lower. The prediction model, based on the model building data set, had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 46%; whilst the sensitivity and specificity using the validation data set were 88% and 38% respectively. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.	Chemistry; Logistic regression; Overconfidence; Prediction; Prediction model; Predictor variables; Self-evaluation; Students at risk of failing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893394044	Metacognitive monitoring and learning gain in foundation chemistry	Mathabathe K.C., Potgieter M.	2014	Chemistry Education Research and Practice	15	1	10.1039/c3rp00119a	University of Pretoria, Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria, South Africa	Mathabathe, K.C., University of Pretoria, Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Pretoria, South Africa; Potgieter, M., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria, South Africa	The ability to make realistic judgements of one's performance is a demonstration of the possession of strong metacognitive skills. In this study we investigate the relationship between accuracy of self-evaluation as an expression of metacognitive skill, and learning gain in stoichiometry. The context is an academic development programme at a South African University offered for under-prepared students enrolled for science and engineering. These students generally exhibit unrealistically high levels of confidence in performance and this could potentially place them at risk by negatively affecting decisions regarding time management and self-regulation. We investigated whether overconfidence before instruction is corrected upon exposure to teaching. A three-tier stoichiometry test was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data before and after instruction. Findings indicate that the majority of the students were overconfident in the evaluation of their performance in both the pre- and posttests. Overconfidence was not a debilitating disposition when demonstrated in the pretest provided that it was corrected during teaching and learning. The most vulnerable students were those that judged their performance or lack thereof realistically in the pretest but became overconfident during the teaching and learning of stoichiometry. Our results suggest that under-prepared students are slow in developing accurate metacognitive monitoring skills within a classroom environment that did not include instruction focused on the development of such skills. We recommend a proactive and constructive response by educators which may reduce the incidence of failure and preserve the positive contribution of confidence, albeit excessively positive. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905505316	Synthesis and evaluation of quindoline and its analogue as potential anticancer agents	Boahen Y.O., Mann J.	2014	Chemistry of Natural Compounds	50	3	10.1007/s10600-014-0995-8	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT 9 5AG, United Kingdom	Boahen, Y.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom; Mann, J., Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT 9 5AG, United Kingdom	Several derivatives of quindoline, 10H-(indolo[3,2-b]quinoline), alkaloids were prepared by the modification of the Pfitzinger quinoline reaction. The conversion of quindoline was 71% while that of another compound, 2,10-bis(dimethylaminoethyl)-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline, was 64%. In the evaluation of the cytotoxicities of the two compounds using five human ovarian cancer cell lines, namely SKOV-3, A2780, A2780R, CHI, and CHIR, quindoline gave minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) results of 66, 21.5, 24.5, 15.5, and 30 M, respectively whiles the more potent compound, 2,10-bis(dimethylaminoethyl) -indolo[3,2-b]quinoline, gave 6.3, 12.5, 10.5, 8.4, and 12.5 M, respectively. A third compound, 2-(3′-hydroxypropan-1′-yl)-10H-indolo[3,2-b] quinoline, was prepared by the Heck reaction in a yield of 70%. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	cancer; cytotoxicity; minimum inhibitory concentration; quindoline	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949792518	Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Ferroquine and Phenylequine Analogues as Potential Antiplasmodial Agents	Jacobs L., De Kock C., De Villiers K.A., Smith P.J., Smith V.J., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Blackie M.A.L.	2015	ChemMedChem	10	12	10.1002/cmdc.201500349	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Jacobs, L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; De Villiers, K.A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, V.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Blackie, M.A.L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	7-Chloroquinoline-based antimalarial drugs are effective in the inhibition of hemozoin formation in the food vacuole of the Plasmodium parasite, the causative agent of malaria. We synthesized five series of ferroquine (FQ) and phenylequine (PQ) derivatives, which display good in vitro efficacy toward both the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) NF54 (IC50: 4.2 nm) and chloroquine-resistant (CQR) Dd2 (IC50: 33.7 nm) strains of P. falciparum. Several compounds were found to have good inhibitory activity against β-hematin formation in an NP-40 detergent assay, with IC50 values ranging between 10.4 and 19.2 μm. © 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	ferroquine; malaria; oxalamide; phenylequine; β-hematin	antimalarial agent; aromatic amine; artesunate; beta hematin; chloroquine; ethyl 2 [[2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]amino] 2 oxoacetate; ethyl 2 [[3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]amino] 2 oxoacetate; ferroquine; hematin; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]butan 1,4 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]hexan 1,6 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]ethan 1,2 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]propan 1,3 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]butan 1,4 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]pentan 1,5 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]penta 1,5 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]hexan 1,6 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]hexane 1,6 diamine; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [4 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [4 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [5 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [6 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [6 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; phenylequine derivative; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug resistance; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; cross resistance; drug design; drug efficacy; drug screening; drug synthesis; follow up; hydrogen bond; IC50; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; X ray diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949121913	Reversed chloroquines based on the 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold: Synthesis and evaluation for antimalarial, β-haematin inhibition, and cytotoxic activity	October N., Watermeyer N.D., Yardley V., Egan T.J., Ncokazi K., Chibale K.	2008	ChemMedChem	3	11	10.1002/cmdc.200800172	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	October, N., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Watermeyer, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Yardley, V., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ncokazi, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	(Chemical Equation Presented) The synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antimalarial activity of resistance-reversing bifunctional dihydropyrimidone-chloroquinoline conjugates are reported herein. In vitro assay results indicate this class of compounds is highly active against both chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of P. falciparum. © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.	Dihydropyrimidinones; Drug design; Quinoline-containing antimalarials; Reversing agents; Sensitizers	antimalarial agent; chloroquine; hemoprotein; hemozoin; pyrimidine derivative; animal; article; biological model; chemical model; chemical structure; chemistry; drug antagonism; drug design; IC 50; metabolism; methodology; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; structure activity relation; synthesis; Animals; Antimalarials; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chloroquine; Drug Design; Hemeproteins; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Pyrimidines; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857730058	Sulfonimidamides as Sulfonamides Bioisosteres: Rational Evaluation through Synthetic, in Vitro, and in Vivo Studies with γ-Secretase Inhibitors	Sehgelmeble F., Janson J., Ray C., Rosqvist S., Gustavsson S., Nilsson L.I., Minidis A., Holenz J., Rotticci D., Lundkvist J., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	ChemMedChem	7	3	10.1002/cmdc.201200014	Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; DMPK, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Sehgelmeble, F., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Janson, J., DMPK, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Ray, C., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Gustavsson, S., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Nilsson, L.I., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Minidis, A., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Holenz, J., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rotticci, D., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Lundkvist, J., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Bioisosteres; Drugs; Gamma-secretase; Sulfonamides; Sulfonimidamides	begacestat; functional group; gamma secretase inhibitor; gsi 136; sulfonamide; sulfonimidamide; unclassified drug; article; in vitro study; in vivo study; lipophilicity; plasma protein binding; priority journal; solubility; synthesis; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Female; Hepatocytes; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroprotective Agents; Stereoisomerism; Sulfonamides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893144176	Reference set selection with generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis for multivariate statistical process monitoring of multiple production processes	Coetzer R.L.J., Rossouw R.F., Le Roux N.J.	2014	Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems	132	None	10.1016/j.chemolab.2014.01.006	Sasol Technology Research and Development, Sasol, Private Bag 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Coetzer, R.L.J., Sasol Technology Research and Development, Sasol, Private Bag 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Rossouw, R.F., Sasol Technology Research and Development, Sasol, Private Bag 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Le Roux, N.J., Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Multivariate process monitoring is important in industry to ensure that production processes perform as close as possible to optimal operation. However, the selection of a reference set of optimal or expected performance is required for efficient process monitoring in real time. In this paper we present the method of generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis to select a reference set for the multivariate monitoring of multiple production processes simultaneously. We combine generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and biplots to illustrate the implementation of the method and the interpretation of the results which provide important information on the relationships between many process variables and differences between the production processes. The work is motivated by an industrial problem involving the multivariate monitoring of a coal gasification production facility considering many process variables monitored across multiple reactors. © 2014.	Biplots; Multiple processes; Process monitoring; Procrustes analysis	coal; article; canonical variate analysis biplot; coal gasification; controlled study; generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis; priority journal; process monitoring; reactor monitoring; reference set selection; statistical analysis; statistical concepts; statistical parameters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70249138673	Impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality and macroinvertebrate community assemblages in a forest stream in the Niger Delta	Arimoro F.O.	2009	Chemosphere	77	3	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.031	Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Arimoro, F.O., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	The ecological impact of rubber effluent on macroinvertebrate communities of the Adofi River, Niger Delta area of Nigeria were evaluated for a 6 month-period as part of a study to understand pollution processes in the river that may lead to improved regulation and policy development. Three sampling stations, each 25 m long were selected along 7 km stretch of the stream. Station 1, located upstream of the outfall from the rubber processing plant, station 2, immediately downstream of the effluent discharge point and station 3, 3 km downstream were sampled monthly. The rubber effluent impacted negatively on the sediment and water chemistry by elevating the levels of some heavy metals (Ni, Pb, and Zn), chemical parameters as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity and the amount of nutrients at the discharged site. A combined total of 87 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded from the three stations of the river. The abundance and community structure showed variation between the effluent impacted site and the reference sites as most sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa were completely missing from the effluent impacted site. The preponderance of oligochaetes and some dipteran taxa associated with low dissolved oxygen levels in the impacted site bears credence to the fact that the chemical components of the rubber effluent waste water were lethal to some aquatic forms. Based on canonical correspondence analysis results, conductivity, BOD, phosphate and nitrate were strongly associated with the impacted station. At station 3, a community similar to the upstream reference station was found. Results illustrate the need for careful consideration of the water quality and indicator organisms in restoration. Mitigation procedures suggested for the rubber effluent included, for example, the decolourization of the highly coloured effluent and biodegradation prior to discharge, were recommended. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Heavy metals; Nigeria; Rubber industry effluent	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Chemical component; Chemical parameters; Community structures; Decolourization; Ecological impacts; Effluent discharge; Indicator organisms; Low dissolved oxygen; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Policy development; Pollution process; Reference sites; Reference stations; Rubber processing; Sampling stations; Water chemistry; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biodegradation; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Effluents; Heavy metals; Heavy water; River pollution; Rubber; Rubber industry; Sewage; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water quality; Zinc; Rivers; lead; nickel; zinc; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; heavy metal; Index of Biotic Integrity; industrial waste; macroinvertebrate; pollution policy; river pollution; sediment pollution; streamwater; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecotoxicology; effluent; environmental impact; macroinvertebrate; Niger; nonhuman; rubber industry; stream (river); water pollution; water quality; water sampling; Animals; Biodiversity; Biomass; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Industrial Waste; Invertebrates; Kinetics; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Oxygen; Rivers; Rubber; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Adofi River; Africa; Delta; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Diptera; Oligochaeta (Metazoa)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149175506	Monitoring the commitment and child-friendliness of governments: A new approach from Africa	Bequele A.	2010	Child Abuse and Neglect	34	1	10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.08.007	The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bequele, A., The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is generally viewed from an ethical perspective, specifically for its influence and impact on our ethos and the place of children in society. A recent ground-breaking report prepared by The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF) shows conceptually and empirically how the CRC can be used as a tool for planning national action and for monitoring government performance and compliance. This paper reports on the methodology followed, the philosophical and legal foundations, the results of the application and the policy lessons. Method: This work is based on a methodology, the Child-Friendliness Index (CFI), developed by ACPF to analyse and monitor the performance of all 52 African governments. The index is inspired by the CRC's three core principles-Protection, Provision and Participation-and based on over forty policy and child-outcome indicators. Results: The methodology was applied to organise data, assess performance and score and rank all 52 African governments at a point in time and over time. On this basis, the study identifies which governments are child-friendly and which ones are not and why, and what it is that poorly performing governments can do to comply with their international obligations. Conclusions: Two important conclusions emerge from this exercise. The first is the beauty and power of simplicity. Much analysis of government obligations is hampered by the tedious task of having to scan voluminous information and bulky reports. But this CRC-inspired and CRC-based methodology provides a simple but powerful, transparent and objective framework for policy analysis and comparison. Secondly, the African experience confirms that three things matter on the policy front: politics that put children at the centre of public policy; Laws that protect them; and Budgets that provide for their basic needs and full development. Practical implications: ACPF's work provides an approach that governments, advocacy groups and treaty bodies can use to monitor government compliance, to identify areas for progress and to formulate effective pro-children policies. The approach is important and relevant for other regions of the world as it is for Africa. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Budgeting; Child rights; Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); Governments; Poverty; Protection	Africa; article; bioethics; budget; child advocacy; child rights; child welfare; criminal justice; data analysis; government; health care planning; health care policy; human; human rights; information processing; law enforcement; medicolegal aspect; methodology; scoring system; Africa; Child; Child Abuse; Child Welfare; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Developing Countries; Government Regulation; Humans; Public Policy; Social Conditions; Social Problems; Social Values; United Nations	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938976854	Impact of social norms and social support on diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adolescents: A scoping review	Draper C.E., Grobler L., Micklesfield L.K., Norris S.A.	2015	Child: Care, Health and Development	41	5	10.1111/cch.12241	MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Draper, C.E., MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Grobler, L., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Micklesfield, L.K., MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norris, S.A., MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood is rapidly increasing, and it is essential that risk factors for NCDs be addressed in adolescence, both for the health of individuals during adolescence and for their health in later life. These risk factors include diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. No literature has been published that comprehensively summarizes the impact of social norms and social support on these behaviours among adolescents. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to determine the extent of recent (since 2000) literature available on this topic. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search PubMed and EMBASE for eligible reviews. Review papers (narrative reviews, systematic and non-systematic reviews) published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to February 2013 were included in the overview. Two of the authors screened the titles and abstracts of the search results independently. Thirty reviews were included in the scoping review. This scoping review has shown sufficient evidence for parental influences, and especially the positive impact of an authoritative parenting style, on healthy behaviours of adolescents, although the evidence is somewhat more compelling for diet than for physical activity and sedentary behaviour. More research is needed to investigate parental and family influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. And the effect of peer influences on diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adolescents requires further investigation. The evidence presented affirms the consideration of social norms and social support in the development of interventions to address these behaviours in adolescents. The evidence regarding parenting style provides some concrete guidance for such interventions. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Adolescents; Diet; Physical activity; Sedentary behaviour	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898541023	Relationships between academic performance, SES school type and perceptual-motor skills in first grade South African learners: NW-CHILD study	Pienaar A.E., Barhorst R., Twisk J.W.R.	2014	Child: Care, Health and Development	40	3	10.1111/cch.12059	Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Pienaar, A.E., Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barhorst, R., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Twisk, J.W.R., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Health Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Background: Perceptual-motor skills contribute to a variety of basic learning skills associated with normal academic success. This study aimed to determine the relationship between academic performance and perceptual-motor skills in first grade South African learners and whether low SES (socio-economic status) school type plays a role in such a relationship. Methods: This cross-sectional study of the baseline measurements of the NW-CHILD longitudinal study included a stratified random sample of first grade learners (n = 812; 418 boys and 394 boys), with a mean age of 6.78 years ± 0.49 living in the North West Province (NW) of South Africa. The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration-4 (VMI) was used to assess visual-motor integration, visual perception and hand control while the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, short form (BOT2-SF) assessed overall motor proficiency. Academic performance in math, reading and writing was assessed with the Mastery of Basic Learning Areas Questionnaire. Linear mixed models analysis was performed with spss to determine possible differences between the different VMI and BOT2-SF standard scores in different math, reading and writing mastery categories ranging from no mastery to outstanding mastery. A multinomial multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between a clustered score of academic performance and the different determinants. Results: A strong relationship was established between academic performance and VMI, visual perception, hand control and motor proficiency with a significant relationship between a clustered academic performance score, visual-motor integration and visual perception. A negative association was established between low SES school types on academic performance, with a common perceptual motor foundation shared by all basic learning areas. Conclusion: Visual-motor integration, visual perception, hand control and motor proficiency are closely related to basic academic skills required in the first formal school year, especially among learners in low SES type schools. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Math; Motor proficiency; Perceptual; Reading; School readiness; Writing	achievement; child; child development; cross-sectional study; education; female; human; learning; longitudinal study; male; motor performance; physiology; procedures; psychomotor performance; school; social class; South Africa; vision; Achievement; Child; Child Development; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Learning; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Motor Skills; Psychomotor Performance; Schools; Social Class; South Africa; Visual Perception	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745962104	Childhood unintentional injuries: The perceived impact of the environment, lack of supervision and child characteristics	Munro S.-A., van Niekerk A., Seedat M.	2006	Child: Care, Health and Development	32	3	10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00593.x	University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council, MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505 Cape Town, South Africa	Munro, S.-A., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., Medical Research Council, MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505 Cape Town, South Africa; Seedat, M., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Investigations into the context and causation of injury, including injury risks, are an essential part of the injury prevention knowledge base. Caregiver perceptions of childhood injury risks may assist in the design of safety interventions and influence the way in which an intervention is received within a community. Methods: Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted in two low-income neighbourhoods in South Africa to collect information on caregiver perceptions of injury risks. The data were analysed via thematic content analysis. Results: The results revealed that injury risks are perceived as multifaceted and as contributing synergistically to an injury event. Parents of children also tended to attribute most risks to the environment instead of individual action. Conclusions: Interventions including passive strategies and less activity from the parent may be welcomed in communities. Attention should be given to child injury prevention methods specifically for low-income contexts. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Developing countries; Environmental influences; Health; Injury; Parent perceptions; Perceptions	accident prevention; accidental injury; adult; article; caregiver; child; child safety; childhood injury; community; content analysis; controlled study; data analysis; environment; female; human; information processing; interview; knowledge base; lowest income group; parent; perception; priority journal; South Africa; thematic analysis; Accidental Falls; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Attitude to Health; Burns; Caregivers; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Female; Heating; Humans; Internal-External Control; Middle Aged; Parenting; Parents; Poisoning; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Wounds and Injuries	None
WoS	WOS:000208947200017	A Qualitative Evaluation of Exposure to and Perceptions of the Woolworths Healthy Tuck Shop Guide in Cape Town, South Africa	Bourne, Lesley,Draper, Catherine Elizabeth,Marraccini, Toni,Meltzer, Shelly	2012	CHILDHOOD OBESITY	8	4	10.1089/chi.2012.0034	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Sports Sci Inst South Africa	"Bourne, Lesley: South African Medical Research Council","Draper, Catherine Elizabeth: University of Cape Town","Marraccini, Toni: University of Cape Town",	Background: Both under-and over-nutrition pose a public health concern, especially for children in South Africa. Several initiatives exist in South Africa directed at promoting healthy eating and nutrition at schools. One of them is the Woolworths Making the Difference (MTD) Programme aimed at eliminating barriers to promoting healthy lifestyles that exist at schools, such as the availability of low-cost, unhealthy foods either from tuck shops (small food shops) or street vendors. The Healthy Tuck Shop Guide is a recent addition to the MTD Programme. The aim of this evaluation was to assess awareness, potential uptake, and perceptions of the Woolworths Healthy Tuck Shop Guide among parents and staff in a sample of schools that were exposed to the guide. Methods: A qualitative study consisting of focus groups, interviews, and tuck shop observation was used to gather information on 13 schools and their exposure, comprehension, and use of the guide. A mix of schools was examined in terms of economic status and level of control over their tuck shop. Thematic analysis was used to extract findings. Results: Findings show that despite overall positive attitudes about the guide several barriers to its implementation exist, including children's preferences for unhealthy foods, the higher cost of healthy foods, and other issues related to a lack of facilities, time and manpower. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Woolworths Healthy Tuck Shop Guide would contribute more meaningfully to the creation of healthier food environments if executed within a larger support network to address barriers to implementation.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869393996	Measuring government performance in realising child rights and child wellbeing: The approach and indicators	Mekonen Y.	2010	Child Indicators Research	3	2	10.1007/s12187-009-9047-5	African Child Policy Forum, PO Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mekonen, Y., African Child Policy Forum, PO Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Most governments have an impressive record in their formal accession to the relevant international child rights treaties. But the extent of their commitment to children varies widely and the gap between promises and reality remains wide. In response, we, at The African Child Policy Forum, developed an approach to measure government performance in realising children's rights and ensuring their wellbeing. The approach quantitatively measures how well governments are doing in meeting their national and international obligations to children through the Child-friendliness Index. This composite index is used to assess and rank the performance of all 52 African governments using a common set of indicators. It provides an indication of how prioritised children's issues are in African governments' policy agendas, and the extent to which those agendas are child-friendly. According to the Child-friendliness Index ranking, Mauritius and Namibia emerged as the first and second most child-friendly governments, respectvely, in Africa. In addition to these two, the "most child-friendly governments" group consists of both countries with high economic performance as well as those with a low status. The analysis also showed that national wealth and a high level of development are not guarantees of child wellbeing. The results further indicated that change and progress towards ensuring child wellbeing are possible and feasible even at very low levels of development and calls for: (a) adoption and implementation of effective laws and policies; and (b) a policy of child budgeting that prioritises the needs of children. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.	Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Governance; Government; Index; Performance; Policy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937870584	Make the Promise True: a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Measuring Quality in Child Protection Service Delivery in Zimbabwe	Sammon E., Godwin M., Rumble L., Nolan A., Matsika A.B., Mayanga N.	2015	Child Indicators Research	8	3	10.1007/s12187-014-9267-1	UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Sammon, E., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Godwin, M., 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; Rumble, L., UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; Nolan, A., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Matsika, A.B., School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mayanga, N., Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Promising Quality: making sure that we deliver excellent services for children, (UNICEF 2012a), is an innovative monitoring and evaluation framework of original and standardised measures developed in Zimbabwe to support child protection providers to deliver quality services for children within a multi-agency child protection system. It is intended to meet the demands of governments, donors and other stakeholders for information on the effectiveness and efficiency of development programming but importantly is a practice which ensures downward accountability to children. It can also be utilised to track programme performance, and in broad terms, value for money in child protection service delivery. Further, Promising Quality has important implications for the creation and strengthening of different types of social capital between children, organisations and government. Promising Quality is constructed to encourage children’s full and meaningful participation in the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process; it poses three questions and uses four specifically designed instruments to find out if an organization is delivering what children need where and when they need it. In so doing, gaps in the functioning of a comprehensive child protection system are highlighted such that improvements in programming, policy advocacy and investment can be made. This paper argues that Promising Quality - its inception and continuing evolution - is a core component of a rights-based, participatory national child protection system in developing contexts and beyond because of its ability to track gains in efficiency as well as child protection outcomes. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accountability; Child participation; Child protection systems; Monitoring and evaluation; Social capital; Value for money	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871891224	Vowel targeted intervention for children with persisting speech difficulties: Impact on intelligibility	Speake J., Stackhouse J., Pascoe M.	2012	Child Language Teaching and Therapy	28	3	10.1177/0265659012453463	Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, Child Health, Ida Darwin Fulbourn, Cambridge, CB1 9SA, United Kingdom; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; University of Cape Town, South Africa	Speake, J., Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, Child Health, Ida Darwin Fulbourn, Cambridge, CB1 9SA, United Kingdom; Stackhouse, J., University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Pascoe, M., University of Cape Town, South Africa	Compared to the treatment of consonant segments, the treatment of vowels is infrequently described in the literature on children's speech difficulties. Vowel difficulties occur less frequently than those with consonants but may have significant impact on intelligibility. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of vowel targeted intervention (VTI) with two 10-year-old children with severe and persisting speech difficulties measures of (a) percentage vowels correct and (b) intelligibility outcomes by peer group listeners were used. Assessment of vowel production was used to design and carry out intervention for each child, the success of which was measured in two ways: comparing (a) percentage of vowels correct before and after the intervention, (b) the percentage of pre- vs. post-intervention utterances understood by a group of typical peer listeners (aged 9 to 11 years). Pre- and post-intervention speech samples (comprising single words, imitated sentences and spontaneous speech) were edited onto a CD for these listeners, who were asked to write down what had been said. The two children with speech difficulties made significant improvement in vowel production as measured by the percentage of vowels correct. The listeners perceived more productions accurately post-intervention than pre-intervention. There was also a reduction in the range of the listeners' misperceptions of target words. VTI was effective in terms of both increasing PVC and intelligibility outcomes as judged by peer group listeners. It is not more complicated to carry out VTI than consonant targeted intervention; this should be considered more often when planning therapy for children where vowels are affected. © The Author(s) 2012.	intelligibility; intervention; peer-group listeners; persisting speech difficulties; treatment outcomes; vowels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887009810	The effects of parental involvement on academic performance of Ghanaian youth: Testing measurement and relationships using structural equation modeling	Chowa G.A.N., Masa R.D., Tucker J.	2013	Children and Youth Services Review	35	12	10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.009	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Centre for Social Development in Africa, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Chowa, G.A.N., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States, Centre for Social Development in Africa, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Masa, R.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Tucker, J., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States	Research in developed countries suggests that parental involvement is associated with youth academic success. However, little is known about the overall impact of parental involvement on youth academic performance in developing countries. Further, it is unclear what type of parental involvement impacts the academic performance of youth from developing countries. This study examines whether parental involvement at home and school are meaningfully different constructs in a population of Ghanaian youth and their parents, and whether parental involvement predicts academic performance. Results suggest a multidimensional construct consists of home and school involvement. The effect of parental involvement on youth academic performance appears to be a function of the type of parental involvement. Home-based parental involvement is positively associated with academic performance, while school-based parental involvement is negatively associated with academic performance. Parental involvement in youth's education has important implications for academic performance. Parental involvement in education has the potential to model positive attitudes toward school as well as adaptive academic practices, thus sending the message to youth that school is important.© 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Confirmatory factor analysis; Education; Ghana; Parental involvement; Structural equation modeling; Youth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750466165	Chiari I anatomy after ventriculoperitoneal shunting: Posterior fossa volumetric evaluation with MRI	Osuagwu F.C., Lazareff J.A., Rahman S., Bash S.	2006	Child's Nervous System	22	11	10.1007/s00381-006-0118-3	Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-703	Osuagwu, F.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Lazareff, J.A., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Rahman, S., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Bash, S., Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States	Introduction: Cephalocranial disproportion was said to be responsible for Chiari I malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We aimed to evaluate if the volumetric characteristics of Chiari I after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was due to a general volumetric reduction and if it is restricted to the posterior fossa. Results: Our results show that the posterior fossa volume, cisternal, clival length, and posterior cranial fossa volume ratio were reduced in the shunted group compared to the controls (p<0.05). Cerebellar and supratentorial volumes were similar between both groups. Craniocaudal extent, inferior, and superior tonsillar herniations were greater in the shunted group than control (p<0.05). The frontal occipital horn ratio in both groups was within normal range. Discussion: Chiari I anatomy after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could develop in children and we propose a "posterior cranial fossa disproportion" rather than a "cephalocranial disproportion." © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Acquired Chiari; Hydrocephalus; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Posterior cranial fossa reduction; V-Pshunt	adolescent; Arnold Chiari malformation; article; brain decompression; brain ventricle peritoneum shunt; child; clinical article; clivus; cohort analysis; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; female; human; hydrocephalus; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; posterior fossa; priority journal; statistical significance; volumetry; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Child, Preschool; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69949136596	Brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury : PPPart 1: Relationship with outcome	Figaji A.A., Zwane E., Thompson C., Fieggen A.G., Argent A.C., Le Roux P.D., Peter J.C.	2009	Child's Nervous System	25	10	10.1007/s00381-009-0822-x	Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Biostatistics), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Pediatric Critical Care, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States	Figaji, A.A., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Zwane, E., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Biostatistics), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Thompson, C., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Fieggen, A.G., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Argent, A.C., Pediatric Critical Care, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Le Roux, P.D., Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Peter, J.C., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management are the current standards to guide care of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, brain hypoxia and secondary brain injury can occur despite optimal ICP and CPP. In this study, we used brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) monitoring to examine the association between multiple patient factors, including PbtO2, and outcome in pediatric severe TBI. Materials and methods: In this prospective observational study, 52 children (less than 15 years) with severe TBI were managed with continuous PbtO2 and ICP monitoring. The relationships between outcome [Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale] and clinical, radiologic, treatment, and physiological variables, including PbtO2, were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Outcome was favorable in 40 patients (77%) and unfavorable (mortality, 9.6%; n∈=∈5) in 12 (23%). In univariate analysis, the following variables had a significant association with unfavorable outcome: initial GCS, computed tomography classification, ICPpeak, mICP24, mICP, CPPlow, CPP&lt;40, pupil reactivity, PbtO2low, PbtO2&lt;5 mmHg, PbtO2&lt; 10 mmHg, mPbtO224, and time-severity product. PbtO2 parameters had the strongest independent association with poor outcome in multiple regression analysis. In particular, when PbtO2 was &lt;5 mmHg for &gt;1 h, the adjusted OR for poor outcome was 27.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-391). No variables apart from PbtO2 were independently associated with mortality when controlled for PbtO2. Conclusion: Reduced PbtO2 is shown to be an independent factor associated with poor outcome in pediatric severe TBI in the largest study to date. It appears to have a stronger association with outcome than conventionally evaluated measures. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Brain injury; Brain tissue oxygen tension; Children; Hypoxia; Outcome; Traumatic	thiopental; adolescent; article; brain decompression; brain oxygen tension; brain perfusion; brain tissue; child; childhood mortality; computer assisted tomography; confidence interval; controlled study; craniectomy; female; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; intensive care unit; intracranial pressure; major clinical study; male; multiple regression; multivariate logistic regression analysis; preschool child; priority journal; school child; scoring system; traumatic brain injury; univariate analysis; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oxygen; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome	None
WoS	WOS:000280964800005	Free Primary Education in Kenya: An Impact Evaluation Using Propensity Score Methods	COCKBURN, J,KabuboMariara, J,Mueni, Esther,Muyanga, Milu,Olwande, John,Wambugu, Stella	2010	CHILD WELFARE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES	None	None	10.1007/978-1-4419-6275-1_5	Egerton University	"Muyanga, Milu: Egerton University","Olwande, John: Egerton University","Wambugu, Stella: Egerton University"	This chapter attempts to evaluate the impact of the free primary education programme in Kenya, which is based on the premise that government intervention can lead to enhanced access to education especially by children from poor parental backgrounds. Primary education system in Kenya has been characterized by high wastage in form of low enrolment, high drop-out rates, grade repetition as well as poor transition from primary to secondary schools. This scenario was attributed to high cost of primary education. To reverse these poor trends in educational achievements, the government initiated free primary education programme in January 2003. This chapter therefore analyzes the impact of the FPE programme using panel data. Results indicate primary school enrolment rate has improved especially for children hailing from higher income categories; an indication that factors that prevent children from poor backgrounds from attending primary school go beyond the inability to pay school fees. Grade progression in primary schools has slightly dwindled. The results also indicate that there still exist constraints hindering children from poorer households from transiting to secondary school. The free primary education programme was found to be progressive, with the relatively poorer households drawing more benefits from the subsidy.	"benefit incidence analysis",KENYA,"PRIMARY EDUCATION","programme evaluation","PROPENSITY SCORE",ESTIMATORS,PROGRAMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049485637	Evaluation of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the lower Benue Trough, Nigeria	Nganje T.N., Adamu C.I., Ugbaja A.N., Amah A.E.	2010	Chinese Journal of Geochemistry	29	4	10.1007/s11631-010-0472-4	Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Nganje, T.N., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Adamu, C.I., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ugbaja, A.N., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Amah, A.E., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The aim of this work is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the lower Benue Through in Nigeria as well as to evaluate the variation in groundwater chemistry data and the suitability of the groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes. This was based on chemical analyses of 44 water samples from existing wells and boreholes in the study area. From the statistical analysis (wide ranges, median and standard deviation), it is obvious that there are significant variations in the quality/composition of groundwater in the period of sampling. The calculated SAR, Na% and RSC values indicated that the water is of excellent to good quality and is suitable for irrigation. Na and HCO3 are dominant with respect to the chemical composition of the groundwater. On the basis of water chemistry, hydrochemical indices and factor analysis the dominant controls or processes affecting the distribution of geochemical variables in the study area have been shown to be water/rock interaction which is mainly controlled by carbonate and silicate dissolution as well as anthropogenic influence to a lesser extent. Additional processes include cation exchange reactions and reverse ion exchange to a minor extent. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.	factor analysis; groundwater; hydrogeochemical characteristics; lower Benue Trough, Nigeria; water quality	Anthropogenic influence; Benue trough; Cation exchange reactions; Chemical compositions; Domestic purpose; Factor analysis; Geochemical variables; Groundwater chemistry; Hydrochemical indices; Hydrogeochemical; Nigeria; Silicate dissolution; Standard deviation; Statistical analysis; Study areas; Water chemistry; Water samples; Analytical geochemistry; Dissolution; Ion exchange; Process control; Sampling; Silicates; Water pollution; Water quality; Groundwater; artesian well; borehole; chemical analysis; chemical composition; dissolution; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; sampling; water quality; water-rock interaction; Benue; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049441052	Organic geochemical evaluation of the oil/gas-generative potential of organic matter in Cretaceous strata from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria	Odigi M.I., Amajor L.C.	2010	Chinese Journal of Geochemistry	29	3	10.1007/s11631-010-0451-9	Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Odigi, M.I., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Amajor, L.C., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An analytical procedure involving Rock-Eval pyrolysis of whole-rocks was adopted on fresh outcrop samples covering the three lithostratigraphic units in the Afikpo Basin of the Lower Benue Trough. Three petroleum systems are present in the Cretaceous delta frame: the Asu-River Group, the Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta sequences. The Afikpo Basin has been correlated to three petroleum systems in the Lower Congo Basin, Niger Delta and the Anambra Basin. The organic geochemistry of the shales, carbonaceous mudstones and coal beds show relatively moderate to high total organic carbon contents. The best potential hydrocarbon source rocks are the Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta shales, carbonaceous mudstones and coal beds where maturation was attained. The high total organic contents, thermal maturity and terrigenous characters of the Asu-River Group, Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta sediments, suggest the presence of a large amount of natural gas with a small quantity of oil accumulation. Variations in source rock facies were observed from one lithostratigraphic unit to another, and initial HI values as a function of TOC were proposed for each lithostratigraphic unit. The results also show that TOC, HI, OI, S2 and Tmax vary from older to younger rocks. The Tmax values discriminate the rocks into immature and mature source rocks. Source rocks with high Tmax suggest high geothermal gradient/or recycled organic matter. Also high Tmax and S2 yield indicate late and post maturity. Recycled organic matter is characterized by low Tmax. The principal source rocks for gas in the Afikpo Basin are the Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta beds deltaic systems, consisting mainly of III to IV kerogens with a subordinate amount of type II organic matter. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the Cretaceous shales, carbonaceous mudstones and coals in the Afikpo Basin of the Lower Benue Trough are capable of generating and expelling hydrocarbons in the case of sufficient maturity. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.	Cretaceous strata; Lower Benue Trough; Nigeria; oil/gas-generative potential; organic geochemical evaluation; organic matter	Benue trough; Cretaceous strata; Nigeria; oil/gas-generative potential; organic geochemical evaluation; Organic matter; Analytical geochemistry; Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Coal; Coal deposits; Coal industry; Exploratory geochemistry; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum deposits; Pyrolysis; Recycling; Rocks; Shale; Organic carbon; coal seam; Cretaceous; crude oil; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; mudstone; natural gas; organic geochemistry; organic matter; shale; source rock; Benue Valley; Nigeria; Cyanea angustifolia; Katsuwonus pelamis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929257117	Structural and photoelectrochemical properties of p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O nano-surfaces prepared by oxidizing copper sheets with a slow heating rate exhibiting the highest photocurrent and H<inf>2</inf> evaluation rate	Liyanaarachchi U.S., Fernando C.A.N., Foo K.L., Hashim U., Maza M.	2015	Chinese Journal of Physics	53	2	10.6122/CJP.20141222B	Nano-Technology Research Lab, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka; Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University of Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chairin Nano sciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa; Nano sciences African Network iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Old Faure Road, Western Cape Province, South Africa	Liyanaarachchi, U.S., Nano-Technology Research Lab, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka; Fernando, C.A.N., Nano-Technology Research Lab, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka; Foo, K.L., Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University of Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; Hashim, U., Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University of Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; Maza, M., UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chairin Nano sciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa, Nano sciences African Network iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Old Faure Road, Western Cape Province, South Africa	Well cleaned commercially available copper sheets were heated maintaining different temperature profile heating rates for fabricating p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O nano-surfaces. Initially a heating rate of 10 °C min-1 was provided inside the furnace with copper sheets starting from room temperature until the temperature reached, respectively, 300 °C, 400 °C, 450 °C, and 700 °C, then the temperature was kept constant for 30 min, and then cooled down to room temperature. A single phase nano-p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O was found for the 300 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C temperature profiles, this may be due to maintaining a slow heating rate avoiding the formation of CuO. Samples prepared from 700 °C temperature profile contained both the p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O and CuO phases. Different surface morphology changes were observed from the AFM micrographs for the samples prepared with the different temperature profiles. A photo-current enhancement was found for the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) with p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O nano-surfaces produced from the 450 °C temperature profile in comparison to that of the samples prepared from the other temperature profiles. Material characterization from XRD, AFM, FTIR spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, VI characteristics, time development of the photo-current, Mott-Schottky plots, and estimated band positions were presented for discussing the mechanism of the photo-current enhancement and the highest H<inf>2</inf> generation for the 450 °C temperature profile produced p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O PEC. The highest photocurrent (≈ 10 mAcm-2) and H<inf>2</inf> evolution rate (≈ 130×10-4 Moles l-1min-1) was observed in the presence of a 1 M Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> electrolyte buffered at a pH of 4.9 with a biased voltage -0:4 V vs Ag/AgCl for the nano-surfaces produced from the 450 °C temperature profile, with comparison to the recently reported highest H<inf>2</inf> evolution rate and highest photocurrent studied by Gratzel and co-workers [A. Parachino, V. Laporte, K. Sivula, M. Gratzel, and E. Thimsen, Nature. Mat. 10, 456 (2011)] providing the same experimental conditions that they have maintained in their experimental work. © 2015 THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939643524	Evaluation of a consumer fitness-tracking device to assess sleep in adults	De Zambotti M., Claudatos S., Inkelis S., Colrain I.M., Baker F.C.	2015	Chronobiology International	32	7	10.3109/07420528.2015.1054395	Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia; Brain Function Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	De Zambotti, M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Claudatos, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Inkelis, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Colrain, I.M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia; Baker, F.C., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Wearable fitness-tracker devices are becoming increasingly available. We evaluated the agreement between Jawbone UP and polysomnography (PSG) in assessing sleep in a sample of 28 midlife women. As shown previously, for standard actigraphy, Jawbone UP had high sensitivity in detecting sleep (0.97) and low specificity in detecting wake (0.37). However, it showed good overall agreement with PSG with a maximum of two women falling outside Bland-Altman plot agreement limits. Jawbone UP overestimated PSG total sleep time (26.6 ± 35.3 min) and sleep onset latency (5.2 ± 9.6 min), and underestimated wake after sleep onset (31.2 ± 32.3 min) (p's < 0.05), with greater discrepancies in nights with more disrupted sleep. The low-cost and wide-availability of these fitness-tracker devices may make them an attractive alternative to standard actigraphy in monitoring daily sleep-wake rhythms over several days. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Actigraphy; activity trackers; motion; sleep; wristbands	None	HL103688, NIH, National Institutes of Health
None	None	Evaluation of four different strategies to characterize plasma membrane proteins from banana roots [Avaliação de quatro estratégias diferentes para caracterizar proteínas da membrana plasmática de raízes de banana]	Garcia S.A.L., Panis B., Swennen R., Carpentier S.C.	2014	Ciencia e Agrotecnologia	38	5	10.1590/S1413-70542014000500002	Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Bioversity International, Leuven, Belgium; IITA, Arusha, Tanzania; Facility for Systems Biology based Mass Spectrometry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Garcia, S.A.L., Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Panis, B., Bioversity International, Leuven, Belgium; Swennen, R., Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Bioversity International, Leuven, Belgium, IITA, Arusha, Tanzania; Carpentier, S.C., Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Facility for Systems Biology based Mass Spectrometry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Plasma membrane proteins constitute a very important class of proteins. They are involved in the transmission of external signals to the interior of the cell and selective transport of water, nutrients and ions across the plasma membrane. However, the study of plasma membrane proteins is challenging because of their poor solubility in aqueous media and low relative abundance. In this work, we evaluated four different strategies for the characterization of plasma membrane proteins from banana roots: (i) the aqueous-polymer two-phase system technique (ATPS) coupled to gelelectrophoresis (gel-based), and (ii) ATPS coupled to LC-MS/MS (gel free), (iii) a microsomal fraction and (iv) a full proteome, both coupled to LC-MS/ MS. Our results show that the gel-based strategy is useful for protein visualization but has major limitations in terms of time reproducibility and efficiency. From the gel-free strategies, the microsomal-based strategy allowed the highest number of plasma membrane proteins to be identified, followed by the full proteome strategy and by the ATPS based strategy. The high yield of plasma membrane proteins provided by the microsomal fraction can be explained by the enrichment of membrane proteins in this fraction and the high throughput of the gel-free approach combined with the usage of a fast high-resolution mass spectrometer for the identification of proteins. © 2014, Federal University of Lavras. All rights reserved.	Aqueous-polymer two-phase system technique; Microsomal and full proteome fractions; Protein identification	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950902743	Evaluation of bromocriptine in the treatment of acute severe peripartum cardiomyopathy: A proof-of-concept pilot study	Sliwa K., Blauwet L., Tibazarwa K., Libhaber E., Smedema J.-P., Becker A., McMurray J., Yamac H., Labidi S., Struhman I., Hilfiker-Kleiner D.	2010	Circulation	121	13	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901496	Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Netcare N1 City Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; British Heart Foundation, Cardiovascular Research Centre, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, United Kingdom; GIGA-R, Liège, Belgium	Sliwa, K., Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Blauwet, L., Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Tibazarwa, K., Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Libhaber, E., Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Smedema, J.-P., Netcare N1 City Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Becker, A., Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McMurray, J., British Heart Foundation, Cardiovascular Research Centre, United Kingdom; Yamac, H., Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, United Kingdom; Labidi, S., Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, United Kingdom; Struhman, I., GIGA-R, Liège, Belgium; Hilfiker-Kleiner, D., Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, United Kingdom	Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening heart disease that occurs in previously healthy women. We identified prolactin, mainly its 16-kDa angiostatic and proapoptotic form, as a key factor in PPCM pathophysiology. Previous reports suggest that bromocriptine may have beneficial effects in women with acute onset of PPCM. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective, single-center, randomized, open-label, proof-of-concept pilot study of women with newly diagnosed PPCM receiving standard care (PPCM-Std; n=10) versus standard care plus bromocriptine for 8 weeks (PPCM-Br, n=10) was conducted. Because mothers receiving bromocriptine could not breast-feed, the 6-month outcome of their children (n=21) was studied as a secondary end point. Blinded clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic assessments were performed at baseline and 6 months after diagnosis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed 4 to 6 weeks after diagnosis in PPCM-Br patients. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, including serum 16-kDa prolactin levels and cathepsin D activity, between the 2 study groups. PPCM-Br patients displayed greater recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (27% to 58%; P=0.012) compared with PPCM-Std patients (27% to 36%) at 6 months. One patient in the PPCM-Br group died compared with 4 patients in the PPCM-Std group. Significantly fewer PPCM-Br patients (n=1, 10%) experienced the composite end point of poor outcome defined as death, New York Heart Association functional class III/IV, or left ventricular ejection fraction <35% at 6 months compared with the PPCM-Std patients (n=8, 80%; P=0.006). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed no intracavitary thrombi. Infants of mothers in both groups showed normal growth and survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, the addition of bromocriptine to standard heart failure therapy appeared to improve left ventricular ejection fraction and a composite clinical outcome in women with acute severe PPCM, although the number of patients studied was small and the results cannot be considered definitive. Larger-scale multicenter and blinded studies are in progress to test this strategy more robustly. © 2010 American Heart Association, Inc.	Cardiomyopathy; Heart failure; Hormones; Parturition; Pregnancy	amino terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; bromocriptine; C reactive protein; carvedilol; cathepsin D; creatinine; enalapril; furosemide; hemoglobin; prolactin; spironolactone; adult; article; cardiomyopathy; clinical article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; disease classification; disease severity; drug dose increase; drug dose reduction; drug dose titration; drug efficacy; echocardiography; enzyme activity; female; heart hemodynamics; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; human; multicenter study; open study; patient compliance; peripartum cardiomyopathy; pilot study; pregnancy; priority journal; prolactin blood level; randomized controlled trial; single blind procedure; survival; thromboembolism; treatment outcome; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Bromocriptine; Cardiomyopathies; Cathepsin D; Female; Heart Failure; Hormone Antagonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Parturition; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Outcome; Prolactin; Thromboembolism; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Function, Left; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892679366	Efficacy and safety of longer-term administration of evolocumab (AMG 145) in patients with hypercholesterolemia: 52-week results from the open-label study of long-term evaluation against LDL-C (OSLER) randomized trial	Koren M.J., Giugliano R.P., Raal F.J., Sullivan D., Bolognese M., Langslet G., Civeira F., Somaratne R., Nelson P., Liu T., Scott R., Wasserman S.M., Sabatine M.S.	2014	Circulation	129	2	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007012	Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research, University Blvd S, Ste 1, Jacksonville, FL 32216, United States; TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Bethesda Health Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States	Koren, M.J., Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research, University Blvd S, Ste 1, Jacksonville, FL 32216, United States; Giugliano, R.P., TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Raal, F.J., University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sullivan, D., Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Bolognese, M., Bethesda Health Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States; Langslet, G., Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Civeira, F., Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Somaratne, R., Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Nelson, P., Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Liu, T., Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Scott, R., Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Wasserman, S.M., Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States; Sabatine, M.S., TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States	BACKGROUND-: Evolocumab (AMG 145), a monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in phase 2 studies of 12 weeks' duration. The longer-term efficacy and safety of PCSK9 inhibition remain undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS-: Of 1359 randomized and dosed patients in the 4 evolocumab phase 2 parent studies, 1104 (81%) elected to enroll into the Open-Label Study of Long-term Evaluation Against LDL-C (OSLER) study. Regardless of their treatment assignment in the parent study, patients were randomized 2:1 to receive either open-label subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg every 4 weeks with standard of care (SOC) (evolocumab+SOC, n=736) or SOC alone (n=368). Ninety-two percent of patients in the evolocumab+SOC group and 89% of patients in the SOC group completed 52 weeks of follow-up. Patients who first received evolocumab in OSLER experienced a mean 52.3% [SE, 1.8%] reduction in LDL-C at week 52 (P<0.0001). Patients who received 1 of 6 dosing regimens of evolocumab in the parent studies and received evolocumab+SOC in OSLER had persistent LDL-C reductions (mean reduction, 50.4% [SE, 0.8%] at the end of the parent study versus 52.1% [SE, 1.0%] at 52 weeks; P=0.31). In patients who discontinued evolocumab on entry into OSLER, LDL-C levels returned to near baseline levels. Adverse events and serious adverse events occurred in 81.4% and 7.1% of the evolocumab+SOC group patients and 73.1% and 6.3% of the SOC group patients, respectively. CONCLUSION-: Evolocumab dosed every 4 weeks demonstrated continued efficacy and encouraging safety and tolerability over 1 year of treatment in the largest and longest evaluation of a PCSK9 inhibitor in hypercholesterolemic patients to date. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-: URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01439880. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.	cholesterol; hypercholesterolemia; LDL; randomized controlled trial; serine proteases	alanine aminotransferase; antilipemic agent; apolipoprotein B; aspartate aminotransferase; atorvastatin; creatine kinase; evolocumab; ezetimibe; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; lipoprotein A; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; rosuvastatin; simvastatin; triacylglycerol; abnormal substrate concentration in blood; adult; arthralgia; article; backache; controlled study; dizziness; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug tolerability; drug withdrawal; female; follow up; headache; health care quality; human; hypercholesterolemia; hypertransaminasemia; influenza; injection site reaction; insomnia; long term care; lung embolism; major clinical study; male; middle aged; multicenter study; open study; phase 2 clinical trial; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; rhinopharyngitis; treatment duration; upper respiratory tract infection; cholesterol, LDL; hypercholesterolemia; randomized controlled trial; serine proteases; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cholesterol, LDL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Proprotein Convertases; Serine Endopeptidases; Standard of Care; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958075954	STELLIUM 1: First-in-man follow-up evaluation of bioabsorbable polymer-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent	Kozuki A., Shite J., Shinke T., Miyoshi N., Sawada T., Hellig F., Abelson M., Brown B., Khan S., Mpe M., Ntsekhe M., Conway D., Hirata K.-I.	2010	Circulation Journal	74	10	10.1253/circj.CJ-09-0859	Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Sunward Park Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Vergelegen Hospital, Somerset West, South Africa; PE Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; First Military Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Disa Vascular (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa	Kozuki, A., Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Shite, J., Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Shinke, T., Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Miyoshi, N., Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Sawada, T., Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Hellig, F., Sunward Park Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abelson, M., Vergelegen Hospital, Somerset West, South Africa; Brown, B., PE Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Khan, S., Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Mpe, M., Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Ntsekhe, M., First Military Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Conway, D., Disa Vascular (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa; Hirata, K.-I., Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan	Background: Durable polymers used for first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) potentially contribute to persistent inflammation and late DES thrombosis. The vascular response to the Stellium™ stent, which is coated with an absorbable polymer for slow release of low-dose paclitaxel, was evaluated in the present study. Methods and Results: The 37 patients with stable angina were implanted with 47 Stellium™ stents. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed at baseline, and QCA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at 6 months post-implant. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE). At 6 months, 1 case of MACE occurred because of total occlusion of a protected left main artery. In-stent and segment binary restenosis rates were both 0%. In-stent late loss was 0.19±0.54 mm. Altogether, 5,564 struts were visualized by OCT and mean neointimal thickness was 150.03±146.36 μm. The number of well-apposed struts with and without neointima overlay was 5,135 (92.29%) and 396 (7.12%), respectively. Peri-strut low intensity was observed in 518 struts (9.31%). Conclusions: This first-in-man study of the Stellium™ stent shows the promising possibility of bioabsorbable polymeric surface coating paclitaxel-eluting stents out to 6 months. The low rate of peri-strut low intensity suggests low cellular toxicity of the Stellium™ stent compared with the first-generation DES.	Bioabsorbable polymer; Neointima; Optical coherence tomography; Paclitaxel eluting stents	paclitaxel; polyglactin; adult; aged; angiocardiography; arterial wall thickness; article; clinical article; clinical trial; drug eluting stent; female; follow up; human; in-stent restenosis; male; multicenter study; optical coherence tomography; percutaneous coronary intervention; prospective study; stable angina pectoris; Aged; Angina Pectoris; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Coronary Restenosis; Drug-Eluting Stents; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Neointima; Paclitaxel; Polymers; Postoperative Complications; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904786285	Effect of cutting edge preparation of coated tools on their performance in milling various materials	Bouzakis K.D., Bouzakis E., Kombogiannis S., Makrimallakis S., Skordaris G., Michailidis N., Charalampous P., Paraskevopoulou R., M'Saoubi R., Aurich J.C., Barthelmä F., Biermann D., Denkena B., Dimitrov D., Engin S., Karpuschewski B., Klocke F., Özel T.,	2014	CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology	7	3	10.1016/j.cirpj.2014.05.003	Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece; Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; R and D Materials and Technology Development, Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden; Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V., Schmalkalden, Germany; Institute of Machining Technology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Rapid Product Development Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Longueuil, QC, Canada; Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny, France; Laboratory for Tribology and Systems Dynamics, ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France; Wbk Institute of Production Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; TechSolve, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States; Inspire AG, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Research Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic	Bouzakis, K.D., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Bouzakis, E., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Kombogiannis, S., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Makrimallakis, S., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Skordaris, G., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Michailidis, N., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Charalampous, P., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Paraskevopoulou, R., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; M'Saoubi, R., R and D Materials and Technology Development, Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden; Aurich, J.C., Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Barthelmä, F., GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V., Schmalkalden, Germany; Biermann, D., Institute of Machining Technology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Denkena, B., Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Dimitrov, D., Rapid Product Development Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Engin, S., Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Longueuil, QC, Canada; Karpuschewski, B., Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Klocke, F., Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Özel, T., Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Poulachon, G., Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny, France; Rech, J., Laboratory for Tribology and Systems Dynamics, ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France; Schulze, V., Wbk Institute of Production Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Settineri, L., Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Srivastava, A., TechSolve, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States; Wegener, K., Inspire AG, Zurich, Switzerland; Uhlmann, E., Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Zeman, P., Research Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic	The cutting edges of coated tools are commonly treated in separate production steps during tool manufacturing. Various methods can be employed, focusing on the cutting edge strengthening by its rounding or by more complicated geometries including chamfer and optimized tool wedge radius and angles. The efficiency of diverse cutting edge preparations on the wear behaviour of coated tools, in milling different materials, was investigated in the framework of a cooperative project of the Scientific Committee "Cutting" of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP). In this activity twenty academic and industrial partners were involved according to a predefined project plan. © 2014 CIRP.	Coatings; Cutting; Cutting edge preparation	Coated materials; Coatings; Cutting; Milling (machining); Coated tools; Complicated geometry; Cutting Edge Preparation; Cutting edges; Industrial partners; Project plans; Tool manufacturing; Wear behaviours; Cutting tools	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862086247	A case study evaluation of the impacts of optimised waste bin locations in a developing city	Aremu A.S., Sule B.F.	2012	Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems	29	2	10.1080/10286608.2012.672411	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Aremu, A.S., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Sule, B.F., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	This study was undertaken to evaluate the impacts of placing waste bins at optimal locations in the city of Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. The optimal locations of 1-10 waste bins were determined by the built-in solver for p-median problems in TransCAD v. 5.0 (Caliper, Corp.) software. The spatial performance of a particular number of waste bins created social, economic and environmental impacts which were evaluated from a combination of the attribute table from the p-median solution, solid waste generation data and collection operation data. The issues examined under these impacts were service coverage, public satisfaction, waste bin utility, costs associated with service provision and emissions from collection vehicles. The results indicate that service coverage and public satisfaction improved as the number of waste bins was increased from one to five. With 6-10 waste bins, 100% service coverage and public satisfaction was attained, however, some waste bins became underutilised. The service provision costs and emissions from the collection vehicle also increased as the number of waste bins increased. A multi-criteria analysis of these impacts can assist municipal authorities in achieving sustainable solid waste management. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	developing country; impact; optimised location; solid waste; waste bin	Collection vehicles; Developing cities; impact; Multi Criteria Analysis; Municipal authorities; North Central Nigeria; Optimal locations; P-median; P-median problems; Public satisfaction; Service provisions; Solid waste generation; Spatial performance; Waste bins; Data acquisition; Developing countries; Optimization; Refuse collection; Solid wastes; Waste management; Bins; developing world; environmental impact; multicriteria analysis; municipal solid waste; optimization; service provision; socioeconomic impact; waste management; Ilorin; Kwara; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849151026	Impact of discharged wastewater final effluent on the physicochemical qualities of a receiving watershed in a suburban community of the eastern Cape Province	Osode A.N., Okoh A.I.	2009	Clean - Soil, Air, Water	37	12	10.1002/clen.200900098	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Osode, A.N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Failures of sewage treatment systems, both within and outside South Africa, are most commonly ascribed to inadequate facilities and other factors resulting in the production of poor quality effluents with attendant negative consequences on the receiving watershed. The impact of the final effluent of a wastewater treatment facility in a suburban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa on the physicochemical qualities of the receiving watershed was assessed between August 2007 and July 2008. Water quality parameters were analyzed according to the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry standards. The effluent quality was acceptable with respect to the pH (6.9-7.8), temperature (13.8-22.0°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9-7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12-0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119-162 mg/L) and nitrite concentration (0.1-0.4 mg/L). The other physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1-4.0 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5-211 mg/L), electrical conductivity (EC) (237-325 μS/cm), and turbidity (7.7-62.7 NTU). The results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. The discharged final effluents had detrimental effects on the receiving body of water, thus suggesting the need for regular and consistent intervention by appropriate monitoring and compliance agencies to ensure adherence to acceptable standards for discharged effluents. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	References	discharge; dissolved oxygen; effluent; nitrite; pH; physicochemical property; salinity; sewage treatment; suburban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water quality; water treatment; watershed; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000302027500004	Climate Change Impacts in the Developing World: Implications for Sustainable Development	Brainard, L,Jones, A,Nyong, Anthony,Purvis, N	2009	CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL POVERTY: A BILLION LIVES IN THE BALANCE	None	None	None	University of Jos, Int Dev Res Ctr	None	None	,AFRICA,"HEALTH SECTOR",MODEL,RISK,VARIABILITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946474311	The impact of ENSO on Southern African rainfall in CMIP5 ocean atmosphere coupled climate models	Dieppois B., Rouault M., New M.	2015	Climate Dynamics	45	42623	10.1007/s00382-015-2480-x	African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Dieppois, B., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rouault, M., Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; New, M., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	We study the ability of 24 ocean atmosphere global coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) to reproduce the teleconnections between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern African rainfall in austral summer using historical forced simulations, with a focus on the atmospheric dynamic associated with El Niño. Overestimations of summer rainfall occur over Southern Africa in all CMIP5 models. Abnormal westward extensions of ENSO patterns are a common feature of all CMIP5 models, while the warming of the Indian Ocean that happens during El Niño is not correctly reproduced. This could impact the teleconnection between ENSO and Southern African rainfall which is represented with mixed success in CMIP5 models. Large-scale anomalies of suppressed deep-convection over the tropical maritime continent and enhanced convection from the central to eastern Pacific are correctly simulated. However, regional biases occur above Africa and the Indian Ocean, particularly in the position of the deep convection anomalies associated with El Niño, which can lead to the wrong sign in rainfall anomalies in the northwest part of South Africa. From the near-surface to mid-troposphere, CMIP5 models underestimate the observed anomalous pattern of pressure occurring over Southern Africa that leads to dry conditions during El Niño years. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	CMIP5; Coupled model; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Rainfall; Southern Africa; Teleconnection	atmosphere-ocean coupling; atmospheric convection; atmospheric dynamics; climate modeling; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; rainfall; teleconnection; Southern Africa	NRF, Water Research Commission; WRC, Water Research Commission
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901988360	Performance assessment of three convective parameterization schemes in WRF for downscaling summer rainfall over South Africa	Ratna S.B., Ratnam J.V., Behera S.K., Rautenbach C.J.W., Ndarana T., Takahashi K., Yamagata T.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42686	10.1007/s00382-013-1918-2	Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan	Ratna, S.B., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan; Ratnam, J.V., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Behera, S.K., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Rautenbach, C.J.W., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ndarana, T., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Takahashi, K., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Yamagata, T., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan	Austral summer rainfall over the period 1991/1992 to 2010/2011 was dynamically downscaled by the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model at 9 km resolution for South Africa. Lateral boundary conditions for WRF were provided from the European Centre for medium-range weather (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) interim data. The model biases for the rainfall were evaluated over the South Africa as a whole and its nine provinces separately by employing three different convective parameterization schemes, namely the (1) Kain-Fritsch (KF), (2) Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) and (3) Grell-Devenyi ensemble (GDE) schemes. All three schemes have generated positive rainfall biases over South Africa, with the KF scheme producing the largest biases and mean absolute errors. Only the BMJ scheme could reproduce the intensity of rainfall anomalies, and also exhibited the highest correlation with observed interannual summer rainfall variability. In the KF scheme, a significantly high amount of moisture was transported from the tropics into South Africa. The vertical thermodynamic profiles show that the KF scheme has caused low level moisture convergence, due to the highly unstable atmosphere, and hence contributed to the widespread positive biases of rainfall. The negative bias in moisture, along with a stable atmosphere and negative biases of vertical velocity simulated by the GDE scheme resulted in negative rainfall biases, especially over the Limpopo Province. In terms of rain rate, the KF scheme generated the lowest number of low rain rates and the maximum number of moderate to high rain rates associated with more convective unstable environment. KF and GDE schemes overestimated the convective rain and underestimated the stratiform rain. However, the simulated convective and stratiform rain with BMJ scheme is in more agreement with the observations. This study also documents the performance of regional model in downscaling the large scale climate mode such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and subtropical dipole modes. The correlations between the simulated area averaged rainfalls over South Africa and Nino3.4 index were -0.66, -0.69 and -0.49 with KF, BMJ and GDE scheme respectively as compared to the observed correlation of -0.57. The model could reproduce the observed ENSO-South Africa rainfall relationship and could successfully simulate three wet (dry) years that are associated with La Niña (El Niño) and the BMJ scheme is closest to the observed variability. Also, the model showed good skill in simulating the excess rainfall over South Africa that is associated with positive subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole for the DJF season 2005/2006. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Convective parameterization schemes; Downscaling; ENSO; Seasonal rainfall; South Africa; WRF regional model	boundary condition; convective system; downscaling; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; ensemble forecasting; La Nina; parameterization; performance assessment; rainfall; summer; thermodynamics; weather forecasting; South Africa	JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879555890	Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and extreme events in Nigeria	Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T., Matthew O.J., Odedokun S.	2013	Climate Dynamics	41	2	10.1007/s00382-012-1523-9	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Matthew, O.J., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Odedokun, S., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in Nigeria, using a regional climate model (RegCM3), forced with global climate model simulations. The impacts of seven afforestation options on the near future (2031-2050, under A1B scenario) climate and the extreme events are investigated. RegCM3 replicates essential features in the present-day (1981-2000) climate and the associated extreme events, and adequately simulates the seasonal variations over the ecological zones in the country. However, the model simulates the seasonal climate better over the northern ecological zones than over the southern ecological zones. The simulated spatial distribution of the extreme events agrees well with the observation, though the magnitude of the simulated events is smaller than the observed. The study shows that afforestation in Nigeria could have both positive and negative future impacts on the climate change and extreme events in the country. While afforestation reduces the projected global warming and enhances rainfall over the afforested area (and over coastal zones), it enhances the warming and reduces the rainfall over the north-eastern part of the country. In addition, the afforestation induces more frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events (flooding) over the coastal region and more frequent occurrence of heat waves and droughts over the semi-arid region. The positive and negative impacts of the afforestation are not limited to Nigeria; they extend to the neighboring countries. While afforestation lowers the warming and enhances rainfall over Benin Republic, it increases the warming and lowers the rainfall over Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The result of the study has important implication for the ongoing climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in Nigeria. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Afforestation; Climate change; Extreme events; Geo-engineering; Monsoon; Nigeria	afforestation; climate change; climate modeling; extreme event; global warming; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; Nigeria	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891627675	Impacts of convection schemes on simulating tropical-temperate troughs over southern Africa	Tozuka T., Abiodun B.J., Engelbrecht F.A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42371	10.1007/s00382-013-1738-4	Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health, Pretoria, South Africa	Tozuka, T., Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Engelbrecht, F.A., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health, Pretoria, South Africa	This study examines southern African summer rainfall and tropical temperate troughs (TTTs) simulated with three versions of an atmospheric general circulation model differing only in the convection scheme. All three versions provide realistic simulations of key aspects of the summer (November-February) rainfall, such as the spatial distribution of total rainfall and the percentage of rainfall associated with TTTs. However, one version has a large bias in the onset of the rainy season. Results from self-organizing map (SOM) analysis on simulated daily precipitation data reveals that this is because the occurrence of TTTs is underestimated in November. This model bias is not related to westerly wind shear that provides favorable conditions for the development of TTTs. Rather, it is related to excessive upper level convergence and associated subsidence over southern Africa. Furthermore, the model versions are shown to be successful in capturing the observed drier (wetter) conditions over the southern African region during El Niño (La Niña) years. The SOM analysis reveals that nodes associated with TTTs in the southern (northern) part of the domain are observed less (more) often during El Niño years, while nodes associated with TTTs occur more frequently during La Niña years. Also, nodes associated with dry conditions over southern Africa are more (less) frequently observed during El Niño (La Niña) years. The models tend to perform better for La Niña events, because they are more successful in representing the observed frequency of different synoptic patterns. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Atmospheric general circulation model; Convection scheme; El Niño-Southern Oscillation; Southern Africa; Tropical-temperate trough	atmospheric convection; atmospheric general circulation model; precipitation (climatology); precipitation assessment; rainfall; westerly; wind shear; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894311378	Impact of Mascarene High variability on the East African 'short rains'	Manatsa D., Morioka Y., Behera S.K., Matarira C.H., Yamagata T.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1848-z	Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy	Manatsa, D., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan, International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy; Morioka, Y., Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Behera, S.K., Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Matarira, C.H., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Yamagata, T., Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan	The interannual variability of East African 'short rains' (EASR) and its link with the Mascarene High (MH) variation are explored, using observations and reanalysis data. Correlation and composite analyses for flood and drought events reveal that the EASR variability is strongly linked to the MH zonal displacement, in particular, the zonal movement of the MH eastern ridge. When the MH eastern ridge is anomalously displaced to the west (east) of its normal position, the south east (SE) trade winds over the South Indian Ocean (SIO) anomalously strengthen (weaken). This enhances (reduces) the relatively cool and dry SE trade winds and induces cold (warm) sea surface temperature anomaly in the SIO. As a result, convection over the western equatorial SIO is suppressed (enhanced) and leads to rainfall deficits (excess) over East Africa. Droughts in East Africa are associated with a westward migration of the MH eastern ridge, while the relationship is less clear for flood events and their link to an eastward migration of the MH. Therefore, the zonal migration of the MH eastern ridge provides a novel indicator for the EASR extremes especially droughts. This revelation has immense social application for rainfall forecast over East Africa where rainfall deficits have become more prevalent against the background of deteriorating conventional forecasts for EASR droughts. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Droughts; East Africa 'short rains'; Mascarene High eastern ridge; South East trade winds; South Indian Ocean	None	JSPS, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871926559	The impact of climate change on the Niger River Basin hydroclimatology, West Africa	Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J.	2013	Climate Dynamics	40	42371	10.1007/s00382-012-1498-6	Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oguntunde, P.G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany, Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Climate change has the potential to reduce water availability in West Africa. This study aims to quantify the expected impact of increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB). Boundary data from a general circulation model are used to force a regional climate model, to produce dynamically downscaled hydroclimatic variables of NRB under present-day (PRS) and future climate scenarios. The data were further analyzed to detect changes in atmospheric and surface water balance components and moisture recycling ratio (β). The results show that elevated GHGs (under A1B scenario) would produce a drier climate during the rainy season and a wetter climate during the dry season. A warmer climate over NRB in all months was projected. Highest temperature increase of 3 °C occurs about 14°N in May and June, and the smallest increase of 0. 5 °C occurs below 8°N in wet-dry transition period. Evaporation reduces during wet season and increases during the dry periods. Humidity increases by 2 % in the dry season, but decreases by 2-4 % in the wet season. Maximum change in moisture influx of 20. 7 % and outflux of 20. 6 % occur in June and July, respectively. β is projected to decrease in 75 % of the months with biggest relative change of -18. 4 % in June. The projected decrease in precipitation efficiency (ρ) during the wet season reaches -20. 3 % in June. For PRS run, about 66 % of the available atmospheric moisture in NRB precipitates between June and September, of which around 21 % originates from local evaporation. The result suggests that under enhanced GHGs, local evaporation will contribute less to atmospheric moisture and precipitation over the basin. Projected changes in rainfall and streamflow for Upper Niger and Benue sub-basin are significantly different during the wet season. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Climate change; Hydroclimatology; Moisture recycling ratios; Niger River Basin; Water balance	atmospheric moisture; climate change; climate effect; evaporation; general circulation model; greenhouse gas; high temperature; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; regional climate; relative humidity; river basin; streamflow; water availability; water budget; Benue; Niger Basin; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894359286	Evaluation of the CORDEX-Africa multi-RCM hindcast: Systematic model errors	Kim J., Waliser D.E., Mattmann C.A., Goodale C.E., Hart A.F., Zimdars P.A., Crichton D.J., Jones C., Nikulin G., Hewitson B., Jack C., Lennard C., Favre A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1751-7	JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Kim, J., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Waliser, D.E., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Mattmann, C.A., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Goodale, C.E., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Hart, A.F., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Zimdars, P.A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Crichton, D.J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Jones, C., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Nikulin, G., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Hewitson, B., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jack, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lennard, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Favre, A., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Monthly-mean precipitation, mean (TAVG), maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) surface air temperatures, and cloudiness from the CORDEX-Africa regional climate model (RCM) hindcast experiment are evaluated for model skill and systematic biases. All RCMs simulate basic climatological features of these variables reasonably, but systematic biases also occur across these models. All RCMs show higher fidelity in simulating precipitation for the west part of Africa than for the east part, and for the tropics than for northern Sahara. Interannual variation in the wet season rainfall is better simulated for the western Sahel than for the Ethiopian Highlands. RCM skill is higher for TAVG and TMAX than for TMIN, and regionally, for the subtropics than for the tropics. RCM skill in simulating cloudiness is generally lower than for precipitation or temperatures. For all variables, multi-model ensemble (ENS) generally outperforms individual models included in ENS. An overarching conclusion in this study is that some model biases vary systematically for regions, variables, and metrics, posing difficulties in defining a single representative index to measure model fidelity, especially for constructing ENS. This is an important concern in climate change impact assessment studies because most assessment models are run for specific regions/sectors with forcing data derived from model outputs. Thus, model evaluation and ENS construction must be performed separately for regions, variables, and metrics as required by specific analysis and/or assessments. Evaluations using multiple reference datasets reveal that cross-examination, quality control, and uncertainty estimates of reference data are crucial in model evaluations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africa; CORDEX; Impact assessments; IPCC; RCM evaluation; Regional climate; Systematic model biases	None	NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 1125798, NSF, National Science Foundation; 2011-67004-30224, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444385257	Performance of NCEP-NCAR reanalysis variables in statistical downscaling of daily precipitation	Cavazos T., Hewitson B.C.	2005	Climate Research	28	2	None	Departmento de Oceanografia Fisica, CICESE, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico; Environmental/Geograghical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Cavazos, T., Departmento de Oceanografia Fisica, CICESE, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico; Hewitson, B.C., Environmental/Geograghical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The urgent need for realistic regional climate change scenarios has led to a plethora of empirical downscaling techniques. In many cases, widely differing predictors are used, making comparative evaluation difficult. Additionally, it is not clear that the chosen predictors are always the most important. These limitations and the lack of physics in empirical downscaling highlight the need for a systematic assessment of the performance of physically meaningful predictors and their relevance in surface climate parameters. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are 2-fold: to examine the skill and errors of 29 individual atmospheric predictors of daily precipitation in 15 locations that encompass diverse climate regimes, and to evaluate the best combination of predictors that are able to capture different sources of variation. The predictors utilized are from the National Center for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis. Mid-tropospheric geopotential heights and mid-tropospheric humidity were the 2 most relevant controls of daily precipitation in all the locations and seasons analyzed. The role of the tropospheric thickness, and the surface and 850 hPa meridional wind components appear to be regionally and seasonally dependent. The predictors showed low performance in the near-equatorial and tropical locations analyzed where convective processes dominate and, possibly, where the reanalysis data sets are most deficient. Summer precipitation was characterized by the largest errors, likely also due to the enhanced role of convection and sub-grid scale processes. Nevertheless, the model was able to reproduce the seasonal precipitation and the phase of daily events in the mid-latitude locations analyzed. In general, the proposed downscaling models tended to underestimate (overestimate) large (small) rainfall events, which reveal the sensitivity of the downscaling to the spatial resolution of the predictors. © Inter-Research 2005.	Artificial neural networks; Climate downscaling; Daily precipitation; Skill of predictors	climate modeling; downscaling; precipitation (climatology); prediction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250777275	Ex ante impact assessment and seasonal climate forecasts: Status and issues	Thornton P.K.	2006	Climate Research	33	1	None	International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Thornton, P.K., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	The field of ex ante impact assessment has been receiving increasing attention in recent years, due in part to the rapidly changing nature of funding for agricultural research and the shifts that have occurred in what is expected of the international agricultural research community. Ex ante studies are often carried out to provide information to assist in the allocation of scarce research resources to activities that are efficient in some way, or that best match donors' development objectives. In practice, impact assessment is often contentious and usually difficult. Despite this, a wide range of tools has been developed for ex ante impact assessment, and these are used routinely in many different areas. Here, various ex ante impact assessment methods are outlined that may be used to provide aggregated information at the scale of the region or society. Also discussed is how technological and policy changes associated with seasonal climate forecasts in developing countries can be assessed through a combination of these methods. Recent developments in quantitative modelling, and the availability of high-resolution regional and global data sets, could in the future contribute significantly to the identification of niches where seasonal climate forecasts could help vulnerable people cope with variability, with concomitant impacts on the alleviation of poverty. © Inter-Research 2006.	Climate forecast; Evaluation; Ex ante; Impact assessment; Innovation; Risk; Targeting	Agriculture; Environmental impact; Innovation; Risk assessment; Weather forecasting; climate prediction; data set; developing world; innovation; quantitative analysis; targeting; technological change	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918771116	The household economy approach. managing the impact of climate change on poverty and food security in developing countries	Seaman J.A., Sawdon G.E., Acidri J., Petty C.	2014	Climate Risk Management	4	None	10.1016/j.crm.2014.10.001	Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom; Dept. Of Geography, King's College, London, United Kingdom; 932, Vicker Court, Kelowna, Canada; Plot 209, Ndiwulira Road, Kiira Town Council, Kampala, Uganda; 15, First Avenue, London, United Kingdom	Seaman, J.A., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, Dept. Of Geography, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Sawdon, G.E., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, 932, Vicker Court, Kelowna, Canada; Acidri, J., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, Plot 209, Ndiwulira Road, Kiira Town Council, Kampala, Uganda; Petty, C., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, Dept. Of Geography, King's College, London, United Kingdom, 15, First Avenue, London, United Kingdom	Climate change is expected to have severe effects on the populations of developing countries because many of these depend heavily on agriculture for income, have large impoverished rural populations which rely on agriculture for subsistence, and are financially and technically least equipped to adapt to changing conditions. Planning to target measures to support adaptation to reduce the impact of climate change on poverty and food insecurity requires methods of identifying vulnerable households. This paper describes an established approach to vulnerability assessment, the 'Household Economy Approach' (HEA) and its potential application to the management of climate change in developing countries. The HEA is widely used by Governments and others, chiefly in Africa, for the assessment of household vulnerability to poverty and food security. HEA uses a model based on Amartya Sen's entitlement theory and detailed social and economic data to simulate the impact of weather related, price, policy and other shocks on household income and food access, to provide information for decision making. In developing countries climate change will be experienced in terms of increased climate variability and an increased frequency of extreme events. HEA provides a way of managing the effects of year to year shocks to prevent impoverishment and the erosion of household resilience. It also provides the information needed to develop scenarios to support the design of policies to support longer term adaptation. HEA data has already been collected for large areas of Africa. © 2014 The Authors.	Climate change; Food security; Livelihoods; Poverty; Vulnerability assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873740371	Climate change impacts on sugarcane attainable yield in southern Brazil	Marin F.R., Jones J.W., Singels A., Royce F., Assad E.D., Pellegrino G.Q., Justino F.	2013	Climatic Change	117	42371	10.1007/s10584-012-0561-y	Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa; Departamento de Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil	Marin, F.R., Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Jones, J.W., Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; Singels, A., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa; Royce, F., Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; Assad, E.D., Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Pellegrino, G.Q., Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Justino, F., Departamento de Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil	This study evaluated the effects of climate change on sugarcane yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation needs in southern Brazil, based on downscaled outputs of two general circulation models (PRECIS and CSIRO) and a sugarcane growth model. For three harvest cycles every year, the DSSAT/CANEGRO model was used to simulate the baseline and four future climate scenarios for stalk yield for the 2050s. The model was calibrated for the main cultivar currently grown in Brazil based on five field experiments under several soil and climate conditions. The sensitivity of simulated stalk fresh mass (SFM) to air temperature, CO2 concentration [CO2] and rainfall was also analyzed. Simulated SFM responses to [CO2], air temperature and rainfall variations were consistent with the literature. There were increases in simulated SFM and water usage efficiency (WUE) for all scenarios. On average, for the current sugarcane area in the State of São Paulo, SFM would increase 24 % and WUE 34 % for rainfed sugarcane. The WUE rise is relevant because of the current concern about water supply in southern Brazil. Considering the current technological improvement rate, projected yields for 2050 ranged from 96 to 129 t ha-1, which are respectively 15 and 59 % higher than the current state average yield. © 2012 The Author(s).	None	Air temperature; Average yield; Climate change impact; Climate condition; Field experiment; Future climate scenarios; General circulation model; Growth models; Harvest cycles; Rainfall variation; Rainfed; Southern Brazil; Sugarcane yield; Technological improvements; Water usage; Water use efficiency; Atmospheric temperature; Climate change; Climate models; Geologic models; Rain; Water supply; Carbon dioxide; air temperature; atmospheric general circulation model; carbon dioxide; climate change; climate effect; crop yield; cultivar; growth modeling; harvesting; irrigation system; rainfed agriculture; sugar cane; technological development; water supply; yield response; Brazil; Precis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919876992	Dissecting indices of aridity for assessing the impacts of global climate change	Girvetz E.H., Zganjar C.	2014	Climatic Change	126	04-Mar	10.1007/s10584-014-1218-9	International Center for Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, United States; The Nature Conservancy Central Science Program, 4245 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA, United States	Girvetz, E.H., International Center for Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya, University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, United States, The Nature Conservancy Central Science Program, 4245 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA, United States; Zganjar, C., The Nature Conservancy Central Science Program, 4245 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA, United States	There is great interest in understanding how climate change will impact aridity through the interaction of precipitation changes with rising temperatures. The Aridity Index (AI), Climatic Moisture Deficit (CMD), and Climatic Moisture Surplus (CMS) are metrics commonly used to quantify and map patterns in aridity and water cycling. Here we show that these metrics have different patterns of change under future climate—based on an ensemble of nine general circulation climate models—and the different metrics are appropriate for different purposes. Based on these differences between the metrics, we propose that aridity can be dissected into three different types—hydrological (CMS), agricultural (CMD), and meteorological. In doing this, we propose a novel modified version of the Aridity Index, called AI+, that can be useful for assessing changes in meteorological aridity. The AI + is based on the same ratio between precipitation and evapotranspiration as the traditional AI, but unlike the traditional AI, the AI + only accounts for changes to precipitation during months when precipitation is less than reference/potential evapotranspiration (i.e. there is a deficit). Moreover, we show that the traditional AI provides a better estimate of change in moisture surplus driven by changes to precipitation during the wet season, rather than changes in deficit that occur during the drier seasons. These results show that it is important to select the most appropriate metric for assessing climate driven changes in aridity. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	None	Climate models; Dissection; Evapotranspiration; Moisture; Aridity index; Future climate; General circulation; Global climate changes; Moisture deficit; Precipitation change; Rising temperatures; Water cycling; Climate change	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925881632	Modeling high-impact weather and climate: lessons from a tropical cyclone perspective	Done J.M., Holland G.J., Bruyère C.L., Leung L.R., Suzuki-Parker A.	2015	Climatic Change	129	42433	10.1007/s10584-013-0954-6	NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, United States; University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan	Done, J.M., NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Holland, G.J., NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Bruyère, C.L., NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Leung, L.R., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, United States; Suzuki-Parker, A., University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan	Although the societal impact of a weather event increases with the rarity of the event, our current ability to assess extreme events and their impacts is limited by not only rarity but also by current model fidelity and a lack of understanding and capacity to model the underlying physical processes. This challenge is driving fresh approaches to assess high-impact weather and climate. Recent lessons learned in modeling high-impact weather and climate are presented using the case of tropical cyclones as an illustrative example. Through examples using the Nested Regional Climate Model to dynamically downscale large-scale climate data the need to treat bias in the driving data is illustrated. Domain size, location, and resolution are also shown to be critical and should be adequate to: include relevant regional climate physical processes; resolve key impact parameters; and accurately simulate the response to changes in external forcing. The notion of sufficient model resolution is introduced together with the added value in combining dynamical and statistical assessments to fill out the parent distribution of high-impact parameters. © 2013, The Author(s).	None	Hurricanes; Meteorology; Storms; Current modeling; Impact-parameter; Physical process; Regional climate; Regional climate modeling; Societal impacts; Statistical assessment; Tropical cyclone; Climate models; accuracy assessment; climate effect; climate forcing; climate modeling; downscaling; parameterization; regional climate; simulation; tropical cyclone	DE-AC02-06CH11357, DOE, U.S. Department of Energy
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878514240	Evaluation of four different equations for calculating LDL-C with eight different direct HDL-C assays	Oliveira M.J.A., van Deventer H.E., Bachmann L.M., Warnick G.R., Nakajima K., Nakamura M., Sakurabayashi I., Kimberly M.M., Shamburek R.D., Korzun W.J., Myers G.L., Miller W.G., Remaley A.T.	2013	Clinica Chimica Acta	423	None	10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.009	Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Lancet Laboratories, PO Box 37918, Faerie Glen, Pretoria, 0043, South Africa; Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Health Diagnostic Laboratory, 737 North 5th Street, Suite 103, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Nakajima and Associates, Co., 201 Nakajima Bldg., 3-33-2 Minami-cho, Maebashi, Guma, 371-0805, Japan; Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan; American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1850 K Street, NW Suite 625, Washington, DC, United States	Oliveira, M.J.A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; van Deventer, H.E., Lancet Laboratories, PO Box 37918, Faerie Glen, Pretoria, 0043, South Africa; Bachmann, L.M., Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Warnick, G.R., Health Diagnostic Laboratory, 737 North 5th Street, Suite 103, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Nakajima, K., Nakajima and Associates, Co., 201 Nakajima Bldg., 3-33-2 Minami-cho, Maebashi, Guma, 371-0805, Japan; Nakamura, M., Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Sakurabayashi, I., Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan; Kimberly, M.M.; Shamburek, R.D., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Korzun, W.J., Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Myers, G.L., American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1850 K Street, NW Suite 625, Washington, DC, United States; Miller, W.G., Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Remaley, A.T., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States	Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is often calculated (cLDL-C) by the Friedewald equation, which requires high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Because there have been considerable changes in the measurement of HDL-C with the introduction of direct assays, several alternative equations have recently been proposed. Methods: We compared 4 equations (Friedewald, Vujovic, Chen, and Anandaraja) for cLDL-C, using 8 different direct HDL-C (dHDL-C) methods. LDL-C values were calculated by the 4 equations and determined by the β quantification reference method procedure in 164 subjects. Results: For normotriglyceridemic samples (TG < 200 mg/dl), between 6.2% and 24.8% of all results exceeded the total error goal of 12% for LDL-C, depending on the dHDL-C assay and cLDL-C equation used. Friedewald equation was found to be the optimum equation for most but not all dHDL-C assays, typically leading to less than 10% misclassification of cardiovascular risk based on LDL-C. Hypertriglyceridemic samples (>200 mg/dl) showed a large cardiovascular risk misclassification rate (30%-50%) for all combinations of dHDL-C assays and cLDL-C equations. Conclusion: The Friedewald equation showed the best performance for estimating LDL-C, but its accuracy varied considerably depending on the specific dHDL-C assay used. None of the cLDL-C equations performed adequately for hypertriglyceridemic samples. © 2013.	Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Friedewald equation; Low-density lipoproteins	high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; very low density lipoprotein cholesterol; analytic method; Anandaraja equation; article; assay; cardiovascular risk; Chen equation; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; evaluation research; Friedewald equation; human; hypertriglyceridemia; information processing; intermethod comparison; lipid analysis; major clinical study; priority journal; triacylglycerol blood level; ultracentrifugation; Vujovic equation; Algorithms; Biological Assay; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47149086230	Proximal great saphenous vein cut down: An evaluation of techniques and anatomical considerations	Briers N., Morris I., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H., Franz R.C.	2008	Clinical Anatomy	21	5	10.1002/ca.20643	Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Briers, N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Morris, I., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Franz, R.C., Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Cut-down techniques by which emergency venous access can be achieved are important, particularly, in the resuscitation of haemodynamically depleted patients where percutaneous access to collapsed veins is a problem. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods that are used to locate the proximal great saphenous vein in the thigh and to describe the vein's immediate course. A further component was to identify the position of the valves in the proximal great saphenous vein. Needles were placed in 42 cadaver thighs as defined by the techniques identified from the literature and surgical practice. After a detailed dissection, the vein's relation to these needles was measured and the course of the vein and number of valves noted in relation to easily identifiable landmarks. Landmarks in 2.5-cm intervals on a line from the pubic tubercle to the adductor tubercle of the femur were used. The rule of two's, an experimental method by one of the authors, along with Dronen's second method localized the vein most successfully. The course of the vein was scrutinized and found to have a rather direct course as it proceeded medially toward the saphenous hiatus. The largest population of valves could be found in the proximal 5 cm (76%) with a valve in the confluence of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein being the most common. Valve populations were found to decrease in number from proximal to distal, which would have implications with the placement of catheters into the vein for fluid resuscitation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Clinical anatomy; Cut-down techniques; Emergency venous access; Great saphenous vein; Valves	adult; aged; article; cadaver; cut down technique; dissection; dronen 2 method; dronen method; experimental method; femur; fluid resuscitation; hemodynamic monitoring; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; new simon method; priority journal; saphenous vein; surgical anatomy; surgical technique; traditional method; vascular access; vein surgery; Adult; Aged; Dissection; Humans; Middle Aged; Needles; Saphenous Vein	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957875582	Field evaluation of the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin against bovine tuberculosis in neonatal calves in Ethiopia	Ameni G., Vordermeier M., Aseffa A., Young D.B., Hewinson R.G.	2010	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	17	10	10.1128/CVI.00222-10	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom	Ameni, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Vordermeier, M., TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Aseffa, A., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Young, D.B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Hewinson, R.G., TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom	In developing countries, the conventional test and slaughter strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis is prohibitively expensive, and alternative control methods such as vaccination are urgently required. In this study, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for protection against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was evaluated in Holstein calves under field conditions in Ethiopia. Thirteen neonatally vaccinated and 14 control calves were exposed for 10 to 23 months to skin test reactor cows. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) testing, comparative intradermal tuberculin testing, postmortem examination, and bacteriological culture were used for the evaluation of BCG efficacy. The overall mean pathology score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control calves than in vaccinated calves. Culture positivity for Mycobacterium bovis was higher in the control calves than in the vaccinated calves, and significantly more BCG-vaccinated animals would have passed a standard meat inspection (P = 0.021). Overall, the protective efficacy of BCG was between 56% and 68%, depending on the parameters selected. Moreover, by measuring gamma interferon responses to the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which are present in M. bovis but absent from BCG, throughout the experiment, we were able to distinguish between vaccinated animals that were protected against bTB and those animals that were not protected. In conclusion, the present trial demonstrated an encouraging protective effect of BCG against bTB in a natural transmission setting in Ethiopia. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	BCG vaccine; culture filtrate protein 10; early secretory antigenic target 6; gamma interferon; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; bacterium culture; BCG vaccination; bovine tuberculosis; controlled study; disease severity; drug efficacy; Ethiopia; Mycobacterium bovis; newborn; nonhuman; priority journal; tuberculin test; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cattle; Ethiopia; Interferon-gamma; Lymphocytes; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Severity of Illness Index; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Tuberculosis, Bovine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55449093312	CD4 stabilization tubes provide improved accuracy of absolute CD4 T-cell counts compared to standard K3 EDTA tubes in human immunodeficiency virus immunologic monitoring in resource-poor settings	Shott J.P., Iga B., Makumbi F., Luswata C., Kagulire C., Nammanda J., Mills L.A., Serwadda D., Quinn T.C., Reynolds S.J.	2008	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	15	10	10.1128/CVI.00176-08	Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NIAID/NIH - Uganda, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda	Shott, J.P., Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NIAID/NIH - Uganda, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Iga, B., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Makumbi, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Luswata, C., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Kagulire, C., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nammanda, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Mills, L.A., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Serwadda, D., School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Reynolds, S.J., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States	CD4 stabilization tubes have the ability to ensure internal quality control in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) monitoring laboratory by maintaining accurate absolute CD4 T-cell counts for up to 6 days. Here, we assessed this technology for its use in an HIV clinical monitoring laboratory in a resource-poor setting in rural Uganda. Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	CD4 antigen; edetic acid; accuracy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; comparative study; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; laboratory; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; priority journal; quality control; rural area; technology; tube; Uganda; CD4 lymphocyte count; evaluation; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; laboratory diagnosis; methodology; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; HIV Infections; Humans; Specimen Handling; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249124886	Improved performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on the serologic detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Rakai, Uganda	Gamiel J.L., Tobian A.A.R., Laeyendecker O.B., Reynolds S.J., Morrow R.A., Serwadda D., Gray R.H., Quinn T.C.	2008	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	15	5	10.1128/CVI.00453-07	Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ross Building 1159, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	Gamiel, J.L., Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Tobian, A.A.R., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laeyendecker, O.B., Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Morrow, R.A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Serwadda, D., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Gray, R.H., Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quinn, T.C., Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, Ross Building 1159, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	Ugandan subjects (820) were tested by Focus HerpeSelect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 ELISA, and BioKit rapid test, and the results were compared to those of Western blotting. Higher-than-standard-index cutoff values gave optimal sensitivity and specificity. Kalon ELISA was the optimal assay when an index value of 1.5 was used (sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 92.4%). Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	adolescent; adult; article; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic kit; diagnostic test; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; mixed infection; priority journal; serodiagnosis; standard; Uganda; virus diagnosis; Western blotting; analytical equipment; blood; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; genital herpes; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; isolation and purification; male; randomized controlled trial; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; virus antibody; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda	None
None	None	Mature glycoprotein G presents high performance in diagnosing herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in sera of different Tanzanian cohorts	Görander S., Mbwana J., Lyamuya E., Lagergård T., Liljeqvist J.-Å.	2006	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	13	6	10.1128/CVI.00051-06	Department of Virology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Virology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10 B, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden	Görander, S., Department of Virology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden, Department of Virology, University of Göteborg, Guldhedsgatan 10 B, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden; Mbwana, J., Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lyamuya, E., Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lagergård, T., Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden; Liljeqvist, J.-Å., Department of Virology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden	Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common sexually transmitted infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Glycoprotein G (gG) of HSV-2 elicits a type-specific antibody response and is widely used for serodiagnosis. gG is cleaved into a secreted portion (sgG-2) and a highly O-glycosylated mature portion (mgG-2). The performances of these two native immunosorbent purified antigens were compared in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format with a commercially available assay (FOCUS2) using sera from blood donors (n = 194) and individuals (n = 198) with genital ulcer disease (GUD) from Tanzania. Discordant results were resolved by Western blotting. The HSV-2 seroprevalence for blood donors was estimated as 42%, and that for the GUD cohort was estimated as 78%. The prevalence increased significantly with age for both cohorts and was higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals than among HIV-negative subjects. In the GUD cohort with a high HSV-2 prevalence, all three assays showed statistically similar performances, with sensitivities between 97% and 99% and specificities in the range of 86% to 91%. In contrast, among blood donors with a lower seroprevalence, the mgG-2-based ELISA presented significantly higher specificity (97%) than the sgG-2 ELISA (89%) and FOCUS2 (74%). Overall, the mgG-2 ELISA gave a high performance, with negative and positive predictive values of 96% for blood donors and a negative predictive value of 95% and a positive predictive value of 97% for the GUD cohort. We conclude that native purified mgG-2 showed the highest accuracy for detection of HSV-2 in patient sera from Tanzania and is therefore suitable for seroprevalence studies as well as in clinical settings. Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	glycosylated protein; immunoglobulin M antibody; thrombospondin; adolescent; adult; aged; antibody response; article; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; genital ulcer; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; priority journal; protein degradation; protein glycosylation; protein processing; protein purification; sensitivity and specificity; serodiagnosis; seroprevalence; sexually transmitted disease; Tanzania; Western blotting; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Cohort Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Infection; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sex Factors; Tanzania; Viral Envelope Proteins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867246758	Phase I safety and immunogenicity evaluations of an alphavirus replicon HIV-1 subtype C gag vaccine in healthy HIV-1-uninfected adults	Wecker M., Gilbert P., Russell N., Hural J., Allen M., Pensiero M., Chulay J., Chiu Y.-L., Karim S.S.A., Burke D.S.	2012	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	19	10	10.1128/CVI.00258-12	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; AlphaVax, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States; Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, FL, United States; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States	Wecker, M., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Gilbert, P., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Russell, N., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States; Hural, J., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Allen, M., Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Pensiero, M., Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Chulay, J., AlphaVax, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, United States, Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Alachua, FL, United States; Chiu, Y.-L., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Karim, S.S.A., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Burke, D.S., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States	On the basis of positive preclinical data, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an alphavirus replicon HIV-1 subtype C gag vaccine (AVX101), expressing a nonmyristoylated form of Gag, in two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in healthy HIV-1-uninfected adults. Escalating doses of AVX101 or placebo were administered subcutaneously to participants in the United States and Southern Africa. Because of vaccine stability issues, the first trial was halted prior to completion of all dose levels and a second trial was implemented. The second trial was also stopped prematurely due to documentation issues with the contract manufacturer. Safety and immunogenicity were evaluated through assessments of reactogenicity, reports of adverse events, and assessment of replication-competent and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viremia. Immunogenicity was measured using the following assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chromium 51 ( 51Cr)-release cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), gamma interferon (IFN-γ) ELISpot, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), and lymphoproliferation assay (LPA). Anti-vector antibodies were also measured. AVX101 was well tolerated and exhibited only modest local reactogenicity. There were 5 serious adverse events reported during the trials; none were considered related to the study vaccine. In contrast to the preclinical data, immune responses in humans were limited. Only low levels of binding antibodies and T-cell responses were seen at the highest doses. This trial also highlighted the difficulties in developing a novel vector for HIV. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	avx 101; gamma interferon; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; interleukin 2; placebo; unclassified drug; adult; Alpha virus; antibody response; antibody titer; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; dose response; double blind procedure; drug dose escalation; drug fatality; drug induced headache; drug safety; drug tolerability; drug withdrawal; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; enzyme linked immunospot assay; fatigue; female; hepatitis A; hepatitis E; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; immunogenicity; injection site pain; injection site reaction; intracellular cytokine staining; lymphocyte proliferation; male; multicenter study; normal human; phase 1 clinical trial; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; replicon; South Africa; staining; structural gene; United States; Venezuelan equine encephalitis; viremia; Adolescent; Adult; AIDS Vaccines; Alphavirus; Botswana; Cytokines; Double-Blind Method; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; Female; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Male; Middle Aged; South Africa; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; United States; Young Adult	None
None	None	Performance of a redesigned HIV selectest enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optimized to minimize vaccine-induced seropositivity in HIV vaccine trial participants	Penezina O., Krueger N.X., Rodriguez-Chavez I.R., Busch M.P., Hural J., Kim J.H., O'Connell R.J., Hunter E., Aboud S., Higgins K., Kovalenko V., Clapham D., Crane D., Levin A.E., Rerks-Ngarm S., Pitisuttithum P., Nitayaphan S., Kaewkungwal J., Andrews C.,	2014	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	21	3	10.1128/CVI.00748-13	Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States; USAMC-AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA, United States; Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Vaccine Trials Centre, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; BIOPHICS, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, United States; Venhälsan, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	Penezina, O., Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Krueger, N.X., Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Rodriguez-Chavez, I.R., National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Busch, M.P., Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; Hural, J., HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Kim, J.H., U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States; O'Connell, R.J., U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States, USAMC-AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand; Hunter, E., Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Aboud, S., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Higgins, K., Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA, United States; Kovalenko, V., Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Clapham, D., Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Crane, D., Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Levin, A.E., Immunetics, Inc., Boston, MA, United States; Rerks-Ngarm, S., Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand; Pitisuttithum, P., Vaccine Trials Centre, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nitayaphan, S., Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Kaewkungwal, J., BIOPHICS, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Andrews, C., U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Kilembe, W., Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Karita, E., Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Allen, S., Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Munseri, P., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Joachim, A., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Bakari, M., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mhalu, F., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Aris, E., Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nilsson, C., Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Biberfeld, G., Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Robb, M., Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States; Marovich, M., Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, United States; Sandstrom, E., Venhälsan, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	Vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) or seroreactivity (VISR), defined as the reaction of antibodies elicited by HIV vaccines with antigens used in HIV diagnostic immunoassays, can result in reactive assay results for vaccinated but uninfected individuals, with subsequent misclassification of their infection status. The eventual licensure of a vaccine will magnify this issue and calls for the development of mitigating solutions in advance. An immunoassay that discriminates between antibodies elicited by vaccine antigens and those elicited by infection has been developed to address this laboratory testing need. The HIV Selectest is based on consensus and clade-specific HIV peptides that are omitted in many HIV vaccine constructs. The assay was redesigned to enhance performance across worldwide clades and to simplify routine use via a standard kit format. The redesigned assay was evaluated with sera from vaccine trial participants, HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and healthy controls. The HIV Selectest exhibited specificities of 99.5% with sera from uninfected recipients of 6 different HIV vaccines and 100% with sera from normal donors, while detecting HIV-1 infections, including intercurrent infections, with 95 to 100% sensitivity depending on the clade, with the highest sensitivities for clades A and C. HIV Selectest sensitivity decreased in very early seroconversion specimens, which possibly explains the slightly lower sensitivity observed for asymptomatic blood donors than for clinical HIV cases. Thus, the HIV Selectest provides a new laboratory tool for use in vaccine settings to distinguish the immune response to HIV vaccine antigens from that due to true infection. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	glycoprotein gp 41; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; placebo; antibody detection; antibody production; antibody response; article; blood sampling; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HIV selectest enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoreactivity; phase 1 clinical trial (topic); phase 3 clinical trial (topic); priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; seroconversion; serology; vaccine induced seropositivity; AIDS Vaccines; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861740609	Evaluation of eight serological tests for diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis	Kinkel H.-F., Dittrich S., Baümer B., Weitzel T.	2012	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	19	6	10.1128/CVI.05680-11	Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom	Kinkel, H.-F., Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Dittrich, S., Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Baümer, B., Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Weitzel, T., Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile	The diagnosis of schistosomiasis in individuals from countries where the disease is not endemic is challenging, and few data are available on the accuracy of serological diagnosis in those patients. We evaluated the performance of eight serological assays, including four commercial kits, in the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in individuals from areas where the disease is not endemic, including six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using three different antigens, an indirect hemagglutination assay, and an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test. To analyze the assays, we used a total of 141 serum samples, with 121 derived from patients with various parasitic infections (among which were 37 cases of schistosomiasis) and 20 taken from healthy volunteers. The sensitivity values for detection of schistosomiasis cases ranged from 41% to 78% and were higher for Schistosoma mansoni than for S. haematobium infections. Specificity values ranged from 76% to 100%; false-positive results were most frequent for samples from patients with cestode infections. By combining two or more tests, sensitivity improved markedly and specificity decreased only moderately. Serological tests are useful instruments for diagnosing imported schistosomiasis in countries where the disease is not endemic, but due to limitations in test sensitivities, we recommend the use of two or more assays in parallel. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	article; cestodiasis; clinical article; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false negative result; false positive result; female; hemagglutination test; human; immunofluorescence test; male; nonhuman; priority journal; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma intercalatum; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomiasis intercalatum; schistosomiasis mansoni; sensitivity and specificity; serology; Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Parasitology; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953169746	Quality monitoring of HIV-1-infected and uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples in a resource-limited setting	Olemukan R.E., Eller L.A., Ouma B.J., Etonu B., Erima S., Naluyima P., Kyabaggu D., Cox J.H., Sandberg J.K., Wabwire-Mangen F., Michael N.L., Robb M.L., De Souza M.S., Eller M.A.	2010	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	17	6	10.1128/CVI.00492-09	Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand	Olemukan, R.E., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Eller, L.A., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Ouma, B.J., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Etonu, B., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Erima, S., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Naluyima, P., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Kyabaggu, D., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Cox, J.H., International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States; Sandberg, J.K., Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Wabwire-Mangen, F., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda; Michael, N.L., U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Robb, M.L., U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; De Souza, M.S., U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Eller, M.A., Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine and natural history studies are critically dependent on the ability to isolate, cryopreserve, and thaw peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples with a high level of quality and reproducibility. Here we characterize the yield, viability, phenotype, and function of PBMC from HIV-1-infected and uninfected Ugandans and describe measures to ascertain reproducibility and sample quality at the sites that perform cryopreservation. We have developed a comprehensive internal quality control program to monitor processing, including components of method validation. Quality indicators for real-time performance assessment included the time from venipuncture to cryopreservation, time for PBMC processing, yield of PBMC from whole blood, and viability of the PBMC before cryopreservation. Immune phenotype analysis indicated lowered B-cell frequencies following processing and cryopreservation for both HIV-1-infected and uninfected subjects (P < 0.007), but all other major lymphocyte subsets were unchanged. Long-term cryopreservation did not impact function, as unstimulated specimens exhibited low background and all specimens responded to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) by gamma interferon and interleukin-2 production, as measured by intracellular cytokine staining. Samples stored for more than 3 years did not decay with regard to yield or viability, regardless of HIV-1 infection status. These results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve the high level of quality necessary for vaccine trials and natural history studies in a resource-limited setting and provide strategies for laboratories to monitor PBMC processing performance. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	gamma interferon; interleukin 2; Staphylococcus enterotoxin B; article; B lymphocyte; cell function; cell viability; controlled study; cryopreservation; cytokine production; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunophenotyping; lymphocyte subpopulation; monitoring; nonhuman; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; phenotype; priority journal; reproducibility; vein puncture; Blood Preservation; Blood Specimen Collection; Cell Survival; Cryopreservation; Cytokines; Developing Countries; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Quality Control; Time Factors; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147181637	Evaluation of the partec flow cytometer against the BD FACSCalibur system for monitoring immune responses of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Zimbabwe	Manasa J., Musabaike H., Masimirembwa C., Burke E., Luthy R., Mudzori J.	2007	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	14	3	10.1128/CVI.00416-06	National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Harare, Zimbabwe; African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe; Connaught Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe; COMFORCE Corporation, Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Molecular Diagnostics Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe	Manasa, J., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe, Molecular Diagnostics Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; Musabaike, H., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Harare, Zimbabwe; Masimirembwa, C., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe; Burke, E., COMFORCE Corporation, Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Luthy, R., Connaught Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudzori, J., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Harare, Zimbabwe	A single-platform volumetric flow cytometer, the Partec Cyflow SL_3, was evaluated against a BD FACSCalibur/ Sysmex XT1800i dual platform for measuring CD4+ lymphocytes, total lymphocytes, and the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes in whole-blood samples for monitoring the immune systems of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients. Statistical analyses for precision, correlation, and agreement were performed. Coefficients of variation (CV) of 5.8, 4.6, and 3.9% were obtained for low, medium, and high CD4+ cell counts, respectively, using the SL_3, and CV of 3.7, 4.0, and 0.94 were obtained for the same categories, using the BD FACSCalibur. Significant correlations (P &lt; 0.005) between the two assays for CD4 counts, total lymphocyte counts, and percentages of CD4 were obtained, with correlation coefficients of 0.99, 0.96, and 0.99, respectively (n = 229). Using the Bland-Altman plot, mean biases of -18 cell/μl (95% confidence interval (CI); -91 to 54 cells/μl), -0.8% (95% CI; -3.6 to 2%), and -36.8 cells/μl (95% CI; -477 to 404 cells/μl) were obtained for comparisons of CD4 counts, percentages of CD4 cells, and total lymphocyte counts, respectively. The effects of the age of the samples on the three parameters were also analyzed by comparing results from the same samples analyzed at 6, 24, and 48 h after collection. The correlation coefficients for comparisons among different time points for the same machine and among all the time points for the two different machines were greater than 0.90. These data showed that the Partec Cyflow SL_3 assay is comparable to the BD FACSCalibur/Sysmex XT1800i dual-platform method for measuring the amount of CD4+ cells and total lymphocytes and the percentages of CD4 cells in blood samples for the purpose of monitoring HIV/AIDS patients. Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	accuracy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; device; flow cytometer; flow cytometry; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; patient monitoring; priority journal; Zimbabwe; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Flow Cytometry; HIV Infections; Humans; Lymphocyte Count	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547133237	Performance of two commercial immunochromatographic assays for rapid detection of antibodies specific to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in serum and urine samples in a rural community-based research setting (Rakai, Uganda)	Kagulire S.C., Stamper P.D., Opendi P., Nakavuma J.L., Mills L.A., Makumbi F., Gray R.H., Serwadda D., Reynolds S.J.	2007	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	14	6	10.1128/CVI.00442-06	Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Kagulire, S.C., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Stamper, P.D., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Opendi, P., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nakavuma, J.L., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mills, L.A., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Makumbi, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Gray, R.H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Reynolds, S.J., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Rapid detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is of great importance in developing and developed countries to diagnose HIV infections quickly and at low cost. In this study, two new immunochromatographic rapid tests for the detection of HIV antibodies (Aware HIV-1/2 BSP and Aware HIV-1/2 U; Calypte Biomedical Corporation) were evaluated in rural Africa to determine the tests' performance and comparability to commercially available conventional enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot (WB) tests. This prospective study was conducted from March 2005 through May 2005 using serum and urine from respondents in the Rakai Community Cohort Survey. Nine hundred sixty-three serum samples were tested with the Aware blood rapid assay (Aware-BSP) and compared to two independent EIAs for HIV plus confirmatory Calypte WB for any positive EIAs. The sensitivity of Aware-BSP was 98.2%, and the specificity was 99.8%. Nine hundred forty-two urine samples were run using the Aware urine assay (Aware-U) and linked to blood sample results for analysis. The sensitivity of Aware-U was 88.7% and specificity was 99.9% compared to blood EIAs confirmed by WB analysis. These results support the adoption of the Aware-BSP rapid test as an alternative to EIA and WB assays for the diagnosis of HIV in resource-limited settings. However, the low sensitivity of the Aware-U assay with its potential for falsely negative HIV results makes the urine assay less satisfactory. Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; antibody detection; article; blood sampling; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic error; diagnostic procedure; diagnostic value; enzyme immunoassay; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus 2 infection; human tissue; immunoaffinity chromatography; immunoassay; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; patient satisfaction; priority journal; prospective study; rural population; urinalysis; Western blotting; Adolescent; Adult; Blotting, Western; Chromatography; Female; HIV Antibodies; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74549181205	Evaluation of pneumococcal polysaccharide immunoassays using a 22F adsorption step with serum samples from infants vaccinated with conjugate vaccines	Poolman J.T., Frasch C.E., Käyhty H., Lestrate P., Madhi S.A., Henckaerts I.	2010	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	17	1	10.1128/CVI.00289-09	Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l'Institut 89, Rixensart B-1330, Belgium; Frasch Biologics Consulting, Martinsburg, WV, United States; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of the Witswaterand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Poolman, J.T., Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l'Institut 89, Rixensart B-1330, Belgium; Frasch, C.E., Frasch Biologics Consulting, Martinsburg, WV, United States; Käyhty, H., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Lestrate, P., Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l'Institut 89, Rixensart B-1330, Belgium; Madhi, S.A., Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, University of the Witswaterand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Henckaerts, I., Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l'Institut 89, Rixensart B-1330, Belgium	The history of the pneumococcal polysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is characterized by a continuous search for increased specificity. A third-generation ELISA that uses 22F polysaccharide inhibition has increased the specificity of the assay, particularly at low antibody concentrations. The present work compared various 22F ELISAs and non-22F ELISAs. The comparisons involved three different laboratories, including a WHO reference laboratory, and included sera from subjects from different geographic areas immunized with different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, including the licensed 7-valent Prevenar vaccine and the 10-valent Synflorix vaccine. All comparisons led to the same conclusion that the threshold defined as 0.35 μg/ml for the WHO non-22F ELISA is lower when any 22F ELISA is used. The use of highly purified polysaccharides for coating further improved the specificity of the assay. In conclusion, we confirm that the 22F ELISA can be recommended as a reference method for the determination of antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	diphtheria pertussis poliomyelitis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type b hepatitis B vaccine; diphtheria pertussis poliomyelitis tetanus hepatitis B vaccine; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; Meningococcus vaccine; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; Pneumococcus vaccine; synflorix; unclassified drug; adsorption; antibody blood level; antigen specificity; article; blood sampling; clinical article; conjugate; controlled study; diphtheria; drug adsorption; drug screening; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; geography; Haemophilus infection; hepatitis B; human; immunoassay; infant; laboratory; meningococcosis; pertussis; pneumococcal infection; poliomyelitis; priority journal; tetanus; world health organization; Adsorption; Antibodies, Bacterial; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Infant; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vaccines, Conjugate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960134368	Performance of the BioPlex 2200 multiplexing immunoassay platform for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 specific antibodies in African settings	LeGoff J., Grésenguet G., Gody C., Longo J.D.D., Khonde N., Weiss H.A., Mayaud P., Bélec L., Bouhlal H., Chemin C., Si-Mohamed A., Mabey D., Hayes R., Agyarko-Poku T., Asamoah-Adu C., Dzokoto A., Deslandes S., Frost E., Pépin J., Malkin J.-E.	2011	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	18	7	10.1128/CVI.05003-11	Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Centre National de Reference des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA de Bangui, Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Bangui, Central African Republic; Complexe Pédiatrique, Bangui, Central African Republic; West African Project to Combat AIDS and STDs, Accra, Ghana; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Paris, France; Université Paris V, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Department of Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre Médical, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France	LeGoff, J., Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France, Université Paris V, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Grésenguet, G., Centre National de Reference des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA de Bangui, Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Bangui, Central African Republic; Gody, C., Complexe Pédiatrique, Bangui, Central African Republic; Longo, J.D.D., Centre National de Reference des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA de Bangui, Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Bangui, Central African Republic; Khonde, N., West African Project to Combat AIDS and STDs, Accra, Ghana; Weiss, H.A., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Mayaud, P., Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bélec, L., Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Paris, France, Université Paris V, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Bouhlal, H., Université Paris V, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Chemin, C., Université Paris V, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Si-Mohamed, A., Université Paris V, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Mabey, D., Department of Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hayes, R., Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Agyarko-Poku, T., West African Project to Combat AIDS and STDs, Accra, Ghana; Asamoah-Adu, C., West African Project to Combat AIDS and STDs, Accra, Ghana; Dzokoto, A., West African Project to Combat AIDS and STDs, Accra, Ghana; Deslandes, S., Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Frost, E., Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Pépin, J., Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Malkin, J.-E., Centre Médical, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France	The BioPlex platform was evaluated for the detection of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) antibodies in sub-Saharan Africa individuals in comparison to clinicovirological standards and compared to HerpeSelect. The sensitivities and specificities were, respectively, 88.9% and 93.5% for BioPlex and 89.9% and 92.7% for HerpeSelect. The agreement between both assays was 95.7%. Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	Herpes simplex virus 2 antibody; unclassified drug; virus antibody; virus DNA; adolescent; antibody detection; article; autoanalysis; Central African Republic; child; clinicovirological standard; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; Ghana; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 1; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; immunoassay; immunological procedures; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; preschool child; priority journal; school child; sensitivity and specificity; Africa South of the Sahara; Antibodies, Viral; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Immunoassay; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947129150	Evaluation of dried whole blood spots obtained by heel or finger stick as an alternative to venous blood for diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vertically exposed infants in the routine diagnostic laboratory	Patton J.C., Akkers E., Coovadia A.H., Meyers T.M., Stevens W.S., Sherman G.G.	2007	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	14	2	10.1128/CVI.00223-06	Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145 Johannesburg, South Africa	Patton, J.C., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Akkers, E., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Coovadia, A.H., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Meyers, T.M., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Stevens, W.S., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Sherman, G.G., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa, P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145 Johannesburg, South Africa	The diagnostic accuracy of the Roche Amplicor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA PCR assay (version 1.5) on DNA extracted from pediatric heel prick dried blood spots using Roche MagNA Pure nucleic acid purification technology was evaluated. The methodologies transfer successfully from the labor-intensive research laboratory to the high-throughput automated routine laboratory. Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic procedure; DNA determination; DNA extraction; exposure; false positive result; finger; heel; high throughput screening; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; needle; needlestick injury; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; screening; venous blood; vertical transmission; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Transmission, Vertical; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Phlebotomy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40449118030	Evaluation of the ultrasensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen assay performed on dried blood spots for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants	Patton J.C., Coovadia A.H., Meyers T.M., Sherman G.G.	2008	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	15	2	10.1128/CVI.00265-07	Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145 Johannesburg, South Africa	Patton, J.C., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Coovadia, A.H., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meyers, T.M., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Pediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sherman, G.G., Wits Pediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145 Johannesburg, South Africa	The diagnostic accuracy of the modified p24 antigen assay performed on pediatric dried blood spots was evaluated. Samples analyzed within 6 weeks of collection yielded no false-positive results (specificity, 100%) and few false-negative results (sensitivity, 96.5% to 98.3%). Laboratory services with limited resources should assess this option for routine infant diagnosis. Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	antigen p24; Gag protein; p24 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1; unclassified drug; article; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic procedure; evaluation; false negative result; false positive result; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; laboratory test; major clinical study; newborn; nonhuman; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; blood; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; immunology; isolation and purification; laboratory diagnosis; methodology; virology; Blood; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoassay; Infant; Sensitivity and Specificity; Specimen Handling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548775941	Performance and utility of a cost-effective collagen-binding assay for the laboratory diagnosis of Von Willebrand disease	Meiring M., Badenhorst P.N., Kelderman M.	2007	Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine	45	8	10.1515/CCLM.2007.188	Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Meiring, M., Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Badenhorst, P.N., Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Kelderman, M., Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Background: The collagen-binding assay, a functional assay of Von Willebrand factor (VWF), discriminates the subtypes of Von Willebrand disease (VWD). Commercial collagen binding assays have the advantage of immediate use for fast results, but are expensive. Methods: In this study we evaluated an in-house collagen-binding assay using type III collagen. We included it in the diagnostic work-up of 44 patients with VWD and 40 normal subjects. Other assays included VWF antigen, ristocetin cofactor activity, ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination and VWF multimeric analysis. Results: The cost of this collagen-binding assay is 10-fold lower than that of commercial kits. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were <8% and <9% for normal values, respectively, and the normal reference range varies between 51% and 143%. This assay is sensitive to large VWF multimer representation, with a mean collagen-binding activity/antigen level (CB/Ag) ratio of 0.18 and 0.45 for type 2A and type 2B VWD, respectively, indicating functional discordance. It correlates with the antigen levels in type 2M and type 1 VWD, with mean CB/Ag ratios of 1.1 and 1, respectively. Conclusions: Our cost-effective in-house collagen-binding assay produced reliable results. We recommend the use of this test together with the ristocetin cofactor test in the diagnostic work-up of VWD. © 2007 by Walter de Gruyter.	Collagen-binding assay; Von Willebrand disease; Von Willebrand disorder; Von Willebrand factor	collagen type 3; ristocetin; von Willebrand factor; adult; article; binding affinity; binding assay; clinical article; controlled study; correlational study; cost benefit analysis; cost effectiveness analysis; female; human; laboratory diagnosis; male; priority journal; reliability; von Willebrand disease; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Collagen Type III; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Humans; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; von Willebrand Disease	None
None	None	Good performance of an immunoassay based method for nevirapine measurements in human breast milk	Salado-Rasmussen K., Theilgaard Z.P., Chiduo M., Pedersen C., Gerstoft J., Katzenstein T.L.	2011	Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine	49	7	10.1515/CCLM.2011.184	Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark	Salado-Rasmussen, K., Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Theilgaard, Z.P., Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Chiduo, M., National Institute of Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania; Pedersen, C., Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Gerstoft, J., Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Katzenstein, T.L., Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark	Background: Understanding the distribution of antiretro-virals in breastfeeding HIV-positive mothers is essential, both for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and for research on the development of drug resistance. The ARK nevirapine (NVP)-test is an immunoassay method for nevirapine measurements, developed and validated for plasma use. In this study, the ARK NVP-test was evaluated for measurement of nevirapine concentrations in breast milk. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the method currently used to determine nevirapine in breast milk. This method, however, requires complicated extraction techniques. The ARK method employs an immunoassay technology and requires a small sample volume (40 μL) and no pre-treatment of the samples. Methods: Commercial enzyme and antibody were used and calibration standards and quality controls were prepared from pooled breast milk from HIV-uninfected women. Clinical samples from HIV-infected women receiving a single-dose of nevirapine were analyzed. Results: Precision and accuracy were evaluated with two concentrations of quality control materials analyzed in three replicates on four different days and was <4%, and between 96.5% and 104.6%, respectively. Clinical samples were analyzed and CVs ranged from 0.0% to 11.1%. The median nevirapine concentration in breast milk 1 week post-partum was 0.29 μg/mL (range 0.11-0.90 μg/mL) in women treated with a single-dose of nevirapine. Conclusions: The ease of use and small sample volume makes the ARK assay an attractive alternative to HPLC analyses for determinations of nevirapine concentrations in breast milk. © 2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston.	antiretroviral drug; breast milk; immunoassay; nevirapine	emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil; lamivudine plus zidovudine; nevirapine; accuracy; article; breast milk; calibration; clinical article; controlled study; drug determination; drug selectivity; drug stability; female; high performance liquid chromatography; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; limit of quantitation; priority journal; quality control; single drug dose; validation study; Calibration; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Limit of Detection; Milk, Human; Nevirapine; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856543830	Chemistry and haematology sample rejection and clinical impact in a tertiary laboratory in Cape Town	Jacobsz L.A., Zemlin A.E., Roos M.J., Erasmus R.T.	2011	Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine	49	12	10.1515/CCLM.2011.743	Division of Clinical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Haematological Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; MBChB, Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg 7505, Parow, South Africa	Jacobsz, L.A., Division of Clinical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa, MBChB, Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg 7505, Parow, South Africa; Zemlin, A.E., Division of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Roos, M.J., Division of Haematological Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Erasmus, R.T., Division of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Recent publications report that up to 70 % of total laboratory errors occur in the pre-analytical phase. Identifi cation of specifi c problems highlights pre-analytic processes susceptible to errors. The rejection of unsuitable samples can lead to delayed turnaround time and affect patient care. Methods: A retrospective audit was conducted investigating the rejection rate of routine blood specimens received at chemistry and haematology laboratories over a 2-week period. The reasons for rejection and potential clinical impact of these rejections were investigated. Thirty patient fi les were randomly selected and examined to assess the impact of these rejections on clinical care. Results: A total of 32,910 specimens were received during the study period, of which 481 were rejected, giving a rejection rate of 1.46 % The main reasons for rejection were inappropriate clotting (30 % ) and inadequate sample volume (22 % ). Only 51.7 % of rejected samples were repeated and the average time for a repeat sample to reach the laboratory was about 5 days (121 h). Of the repeated samples, 5.1 % had results within critical values. Examination of patient folders showed that in 40 % of cases the rejection of samples had an impact on patient care. Conclusions: The evaluation of pre-analytical processes in the laboratory, with regard to sample rejection, allowed one to identify problem areas where improvement is necessary. Rejected samples due to factors out of the laboratory's control had a defi nite impact on patient care and can thus affect customer satisfaction. Clinicians should be aware of these factors to prevent such rejections. © 2011 by Walter de Gruyter.	Audit; Patient care; Pre-analytical errors; Rejection rate; Turnaround time	article; blood sampling; blood volume; clinical article; clinical assessment; clinical laboratory; hospital information system; human; human tissue; patient care; patient selection; priority journal; retrospective study; turnaround time; Blood Coagulation; Blood Specimen Collection; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Humans; Laboratories, Hospital; Medical Errors; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Specimen Handling; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910111961	The impact of repeat-testing of common chemistry analytes at critical concentrations	Onyenekwu C.P., Hudson C.L., Zemlin A.E., Erasmus R.T.	2014	Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine	52	12	10.1515/cclm-2014-0331	Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg, Parow, South Africa; Department of Clinical Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Onyenekwu, C.P., Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg, Parow, South Africa, Department of Clinical Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Hudson, C.L., Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg, Parow, South Africa; Zemlin, A.E., Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg, Parow, South Africa; Erasmus, R.T., Division of Chemical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19113, Tygerberg, Parow, South Africa	Background: Early notification of critical values by the clinical laboratory to the treating physician is a requirement for accreditation and is essential for effective patient management. Many laboratories automatically repeat a critical value before reporting it to prevent possible misdiagnosis. Given today's advanced instrumentation and quality assurance practices, we questioned the validity of this approach. We performed an audit of repeat-testing in our laboratory to assess for significant differences between initial and repeated test results, estimate the delay caused by repeat-testing and to quantify the cost of repeating these assays. Methods: A retrospective audit of repeat-tests for sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the first quarter of 2013 at Tygerberg Academic Laboratory was conducted. Data on the initial and repeat-test values and the time that they were performed was extracted from our laboratory information system. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment criteria for allowable error were employed to assess for significant difference between results. Results: A total of 2308 repeated tests were studied. There was no significant difference in 2291 (99.3%) of the samples. The average delay ranged from 35 min for magnesium to 42 min for sodium and calcium. At least 2.9% of laboratory running costs for the analytes was spent on repeating them. Conclusions: The practice of repeating a critical test result appears unnecessary as it yields similar results, delays notification to the treating clinician and increases laboratory running costs. © by De Gruyter 2014.	audit; critical values; repeat-testing; turnaround time	calcium; magnesium; potassium; reagent; sodium; calcium; magnesium; potassium; sodium; analytical error; Article; chemical analyzer; cost benefit analysis; health care cost; human; laboratory test; law; medical audit; medical information system; repeat procedure; retrospective study; validity; blood analysis; clinical chemistry; economics; hospital information system; hospital laboratory; reproducibility; statistics and numerical data; unnecessary procedure; Blood Chemical Analysis; Calcium; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Clinical Laboratory Information Systems; Humans; Laboratories, Hospital; Magnesium; Potassium; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Sodium; Unnecessary Procedures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919329559	Severity and impact of acne vulgaris on the quality of life of adolescents in Nigeria	Ogedegbe E.E., Henshaw E.B.	2014	Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology	7	None	10.2147/CCID.S73302	Cedarcrest Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of CalabarCross river state, Nigeria	Ogedegbe, E.E., Cedarcrest Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Henshaw, E.B., Department of Medicine, University of CalabarCross river state, Nigeria	Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition, which affects most adolescents at some point in their lives. It has been found to have a signifcant impact on their psychological well-being and has been associated with depression and suicide ideation. Many studies have assessed the impact of acne vulgaris on the quality of life (QoL) in different population subgroups around the world, but there is a dearth of reports from the African subcontinent. This study thus seeks to assess the severity of acne vulgaris and determine its effect on the QoL of adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey employing a two-stage sampling method, the severity of acne vulgaris and its impact on the QoL of adolescents attending a senior secondary school in Lagos, Nigeria was assessed using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), respectively. The correlation between the results of the GAGS and CADI was also determined.Results: One hundred and sixty adolescent students with acne were recruited, with males accounting for 51.9% and females 48.1%. The mean and standard deviation of the GAGS severity scores were 11.3±5.4 for males and 11.9±5.4 for females. Only one student had severe acne vulgaris (GAGS, 31–38), 10% moderate (GAGS, 19–30), and 89.4% mild (GAGS, 1–18). The overall CADI score was 3.4±3.0, which suggests mild impairment in QoL; however, the solitary student with severe acne had severe QoL impairment. There was a weak positive correlation between the GAGS and the CADI score.Conclusion: Most adolescents in our study had mild acne vulgaris, and the overall impact on their QoL was mild. However, the correlation between the psychosocial impact and acne severity was weak. There is a need for similar studies in other parts of the country and for further studies to determine the adequacy of the existing instruments in assessing the impact of acne vulgaris in Nigerian adolescents © 2014 Ogedegbe and Henshaw.	CADI; GAGS; Psychosocial impact; Skin disease; Teenage dermatosis	steroid; acne vulgaris; adolescent; Article; Cardiff Acne Disability Index; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease severity; emotion; female; Global Acne Grading Scale; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; psychological aspect; quality of life; scoring system; sex difference; social interaction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937199630	Dynamics, impact, and feasibility of self-monitoring of blood glucose in the rural, resource-constrained setting of western Kenya	Pastakia S.D., Cheng S.Y., Kirui N.K., Kamano J.H.	2015	Clinical Diabetes	33	3	10.2337/diaclin.33.3.136	Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Purdue Kenya Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya; Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya; Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya	Pastakia, S.D., Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Purdue Kenya Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya; Cheng, S.Y., Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Purdue Kenya Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya; Kirui, N.K., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Kamano, J.H., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya	[No abstract available]	None	glucose; hemoglobin A1c; insulin; insulin lispro; isophane insulin; adolescent; adult; Article; blood glucose monitoring; diabetes mellitus; feasibility study; female; food insecurity; glycemic control; health program; human; Kenya; major clinical study; male; molecular dynamics; observational study; questionnaire; retrospective study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054840537	Evaluation of CD103 (αEβ7) integrin expression by CD8 T cells in blood as a surrogate marker to predict cervical T cell responses in the female genital tract during HIV infection	Kiravu A., Gumbi P., Mkhize N.N., Olivier A., Denny L., Passmore J.-A.	2011	Clinical Immunology	141	2	10.1016/j.clim.2011.06.008	Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Dept Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa	Kiravu, A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Gumbi, P., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Mkhize, N.N., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Olivier, A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Denny, L., Dept Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Passmore, J.-A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa	Mucosal homing receptors expressed by blood T cells may be useful surrogates for measuring mucosal T cell immune responses at the site of HIV transmission. Here, we investigated whether HIV-specific responses by T cells expressing the mucosal integrin receptor CD103 in blood reliably predicted corresponding HIV-specific responses at the cervix. The frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD103 in blood correlated significantly with the number of CD103. +. CD8+ T cells from the cervix suggesting that CD103 was involved in trafficking of T cells from blood to the cervical mucosa. TGF-β concentrations in plasma were significantly associated with the frequency of CD103 expression by blood but not cervical CD8 T cells. The majority of Gag-responsive CD8 T cells were CD103+ in both blood and at the cervix. Despite this, the magnitude of Gag-specific IFN-γ responses by CD103. +. CD8+ T cells in blood did not predict similar Gag-specific responses at the cervix. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	CD103; CD8; HIV; Mucosal homing; TGF	CD103 antigen; Gag protein; gamma interferon; interleukin 10; interleukin 1beta; interleukin 8; transforming growth factor beta; tumor necrosis factor alpha; adult; antigen expression; article; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cell migration; cellular immunity; clinical article; controlled study; cytokine production; disease marker; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lymphocyte count; priority journal; uterine cervix; uterine cervix mucosa; virus load; Adult; Antigens, CD; Biological Markers; Body Fluids; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cervix Uteri; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Cytokines; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Products, gag; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunologic Memory; Integrin alpha Chains; Interferon-gamma; Organ Specificity; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855172463	Immunologic criteria are poor predictors of virologic outcome: Implications for HIV treatment monitoring in resource-limited settings	Rawizza H.E., Chaplin B., Meloni S.T., Eisen G., Rao T., Sankalé J.-L., Dieng-Sarr A., Agbaji O., Onwujekwe D.I., Gashau W., Nkado R., Ekong E., Okonkwo P., Murphy R.L., Kanki P.J.	2011	Clinical Infectious Diseases	53	12	10.1093/cid/cir729	Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Medical Resea	Rawizza, H.E., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Chaplin, B., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Meloni, S.T., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Eisen, G., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Rao, T., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Sankalé, J.-L., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Dieng-Sarr, A., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Agbaji, O., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria; Onwujekwe, D.I., Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Gashau, W., University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria; Nkado, R., 68 Military Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Ekong, E., AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Okonkwo, P., AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Murphy, R.L., Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Kanki, P.J., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Background. Viral load (VL) quantification is considered essential for determining antiretroviral treatment (ART) success in resource-rich countries. However, it is not widely available in resource-limited settings where the burden of human immunodeficiency virus infection is greatest. In the absence of VL monitoring, switches to second-line ART are based on World Health Organization (WHO) clinical or immunologic failure criteria. Methods. We assessed the performance of CD4 cell criteria to predict virologic outcomes in a large ART program in Nigeria. Laboratory monitoring consists of CD4 cell count and VL at baseline, then every 6 months. Failure was defined as 2 consecutive VLs >1000 copies/mL after at least 6 months of ART. Virologic outcomes were compared with the 3 WHO-defined immunologic failure criteria. Results. A total of 9690 patients were included in the analysis (median follow-up, 33.2 months). A total of 1225 patients experienced failure by both immunologic and virologic criteria, 872 by virologic criteria only, and 1897 by immunologic criteria only. The sensitivity of CD4 cell criteria to detect viral failure was 58%, specificity was 75%, and the positive-predictive value was 39%. For patients with both virologic and immunologic failure, VL criteria identified failure significantly earlier than CD4 cell criteria (median, 10.4 vs 15.6 months; P <. 0001). Conclusions. Because of the low sensitivity of immunologic criteria, a substantial number of failures are missed, potentially resulting in accumulation of resistance mutations. In addition, specificity and predictive values are low, which may result in large numbers of unnecessary ART switches. Monitoring solely by immunologic criteria may result in increased costs because of excess switches to more expensive ART and development of drug-resistant virus. © 2011 The Author.	None	nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; adult; article; biological monitoring; CD4 lymphocyte count; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunological parameters; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; predictive value; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; treatment duration; treatment failure; virus load; world health organization; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Drug Monitoring; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nigeria; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947574256	Public health impact after the introduction of PsA-TT: The first 4 years	Diomandé F.V.K., Djingarey M.H., Daugla D.M., Novak R.T., Kristiansen P.A., Collard J.-M., Gamougam K., Kandolo D., Mbakuliyemo N., Mayer L., Stuart J., Clark T., Tevi-Benissan C., Perea W.A., Preziosi M.-P., La Force F.M., Caugant D., Messonnier N., Walk	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	61	None	10.1093/cid/civ499	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; World	Diomandé, F.V.K., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States, Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Djingarey, M.H., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Daugla, D.M., Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; Novak, R.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kristiansen, P.A., World Health Organization, Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Collard, J.-M., Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Nigeria; Gamougam, K., Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; Kandolo, D., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Mbakuliyemo, N., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Mayer, L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Stuart, J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Clark, T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Tevi-Benissan, C., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo; Perea, W.A., Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Preziosi, M.-P., Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; La Force, F.M., Serum Institute of India, Ltd., Pune, India; Caugant, D., Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Nigeria; Messonnier, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Walker, O., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Greenwood, B., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo	Background. During the first introduction of a group A meningococcal vaccine (PsA-TT) in 2010-2011 and its rollout from 2011 to 2013, >150 million eligible people, representing 12 hyperendemic meningitis countries, have been vaccinated. Methods. The new vaccine effectiveness evaluation framework was established by the World Health Organization and partners. Meningitis case-based surveillance was strengthened in PsA-TT first-introducer countries, and several evaluation studies were conducted to estimate the vaccination coverage and to measure the impact of vaccine introduction on meningococcal carriage and disease incidence. Results. PsA-TT implementation achieved high vaccination coverage, and results from studies conducted showed significant decrease of disease incidence as well as significant reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of group A meningococci in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, demonstrating the vaccine's ability to generate herd protection and prevent group A epidemics. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this experience provide useful insights in how to guide and better prepare for future new vaccine introductions in resource-limited settings. © 2015 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.	Africa meningitis belt; disease incidence; meningococcal group A; PsA-TT; vaccine evaluation framework	group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine; Meningococcus vaccine; unclassified drug; Article; bacterium carrier; clinical effectiveness; cost benefit analysis; disease transmission; drug efficacy; epidemic meningitis; evaluation study; group A meningococcus; health impact assessment; health survey; human; immunity; incidence; infection prevention; Neisseria meningitidis; oropharynx; priority journal; public health; vaccination; world health organization	None
None	None	Therapeutic drug monitoring of nevirapine in resource-limited settings	L'Homme R.F.A., Muro E.P., Droste J.A.H., Wolters L.R., Van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer N.W.J., Schimana W., Burger D.M.	2008	Clinical Infectious Diseases	47	10	10.1086/592694	Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, 864 Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands	L'Homme, R.F.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Muro, E.P., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Droste, J.A.H., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Wolters, L.R., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer, N.W.J., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Schimana, W., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Burger, D.M., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, 864 Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands	Background. We developed a simple and inexpensive thin-layer chromatography (TLC) assay for semiquantitative detection of saliva concentrations of nevirapine in resource-limited settings. The method was validated in an African target population. Methods. Paired plasma and saliva nevirapine concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); saliva concentrations of nevirapine were also assayed by TLC. The rate of false-positive results was the proportion of subtherapeutic nevirapine saliva and plasma concentrations determined by HPLC that were judged to be therapeutic in saliva specimens by TLC. The rate of false-negative results was the proportion of therapeutic nevirapine saliva and plasma concentrations determined by HPLC that were judged to be subtherapeutic in saliva specimens by TLC. The extent of agreement in TLC readings between 5 technicians and 2 batches of TLC sheets was evaluated. Results. Twenty-five (9%) of 286 African adults had a subtherapeutic plasma nevirapine concentration. The median ratio of nevirapine concentrations in saliva to those in plasma was 0.51:1. The rate of false-positive results for TLC was 0% (0 of 23 specimens) when TLC results were compared with HPLC results for saliva specimens and 8% (2 of 25 specimens) when TLC results were compared with HPLC results for plasma specimens. The rate of false-negative results for TLC was 1% (3 of 263 specimens) when TLC results were compared with HPLC results for saliva specimens and 1% (3 of 261 specimens) when TLC results were compared with HPLC results for plasma specimens. The extent of agreement of TLC results was substantial for the 5 technicians (Fleiss's κ = 0.77) and for the 2 batches of sheets (Cohen's p0.80). Conclusions. The TLC assay was found to be sensitive, specific, and robust in the detection of subtherapeutic nevirapine concentrations in saliva specimens obtained from African HIV-infected adults. It is an attractive alternative to HPLC for therapeutic drug monitoring of nevirapine in resource-limited settings. © 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; zidovudine; adolescent; adult; aged; article; controlled study; drug blood level; drug monitoring; drug saliva level; high performance liquid chromatography; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; priority journal; thin layer chromatography; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drug Monitoring; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nevirapine; Plasma; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849126471	Defining immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Evaluation of expert opinion versus 2 case definitions in a south african cohort	Haddow L.J., Easterbrook P.J., Mosam A., Khanyile N.G., Parboosing R., Moodley P., Moosa M.-Y.S.	2009	Clinical Infectious Diseases	49	9	10.1086/630208	Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Departments of Dermatology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Departments of Virology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Haddow, L.J., Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Easterbrook, P.J., Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Mosam, A., Departments of Dermatology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Khanyile, N.G., Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Parboosing, R., Departments of Virology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, P., Departments of Virology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Moosa, M.-Y.S., Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 7, Durban 4013, South Africa	Background: There is no validated case definition for human immunodeficiency virus-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We measured the level of agreement of 2 published case definitions (hereafter referred to as CD1 and CD2) with expert opinion in a prospective cohort of patients who were starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. Methods: A total of 498 adult patients were monitored for the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy. All new or worsening clinical events were reviewed by≥2 investigators and classified on the basis of expert opinion, CD1, and CD2. Events were categorized according to whether they were paradoxical or unmasking in presentation. We measured positive, negative, and chance-corrected agreement (k) with expert opinion for CD1 and CD2, and reviewed areas of disagreement. Results: A total of 620 clinical events were recorded, of which, on the basis of expert opinion, 144 (23.2%) were defined as probable IRIS and 112 (18.1%) were defined as possible IRIS. Of the 144 probable IRIS events, 93 (64.6%) were unmasking in presentation, 99 (68.8%) were associated with dermatological or orogenital disease, and 45 (31.3%) were associated with tuberculosis or major opportunistic infections. Of the 620 clinical events recorded, 41 (6.6%) were classified as IRIS on the basis of CD1, and 156 (25.2%) were classified as IRIS on the basis of CD2. Positive agreement between CD1 and expert opinion was low for both unmasking (17.2%; kp 0.24) and paradoxical events (37.3%; kp0.43), mainly because 1 major criterion requires IRIS to be atypical and either an opportunistic infection or a tumor, although negative agreement was >98%. In contrast, CD2 had good positive agreement (>75% for most event types), with a k value of 0.75 for paradoxical and 0.62 for unmasking. Conclusions: CD2 agreed well with expert opinion, with additional clinical events, such as arthropathy and inflammatory dermatoses, being classified as IRIS and added to CD2. We propose revised case definitions for both paradoxical and unmasking IRIS. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; disease association; disease classification; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; major clinical study; male; opportunistic infection; priority journal; skin disease; South Africa; tuberculosis; virus load; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; Humans; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Male; Prospective Studies; South Africa	None
None	None	Evaluation of the xpert MTB/RIF assay at a tertiary care referral hospital in a setting where tuberculosis and hiv infection are highly endemic	O'Grady J., Bates M., Chilukutu L., Mzyece J., Cheelo B., Chilufya M., Mukonda L., Mumba M., Tembo J., Chomba M., Kapata N., Maeurer M., Rachow A., Clowes P., Hoelscher M., Mwaba P., Zumla A.	2012	Clinical Infectious Diseases	55	9	10.1093/cid/cis631	Department of Infection, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Mbeya Medical Research Programme, Tanzania; Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum, University of Munich, Germany; Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia	O'Grady, J., Department of Infection, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Bates, M., Department of Infection, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Chilukutu, L., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Mzyece, J., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Cheelo, B., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Chilufya, M., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Mukonda, L., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Mumba, M., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Tembo, J., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Chomba, M., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom; Kapata, N., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom, National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Lusaka, Zambia; Maeurer, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Rachow, A., Mbeya Medical Research Programme, Tanzania; Clowes, P., Mbeya Medical Research Programme, Tanzania; Hoelscher, M., Mbeya Medical Research Programme, Tanzania, Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum, University of Munich, Germany; Mwaba, P., Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia; Zumla, A., Department of Infection, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, Research and Training Programme, University College London, University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom	Background: There were 1.45 million deaths from tuberculosis (TB) in 2011. A substantial proportion of active pulmonary TB cases in countries where tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and AIDS are highly endemic remain undiagnosed because of the reliance on sputum-smear microscopy. This study evaluated the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay at a tertiary care referral center in Zambia, a country where the burden of TB and HIV infection is high.Methods: A total of 881 adult inpatients admitted to University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka who were able to produce sputum were enrolled and analyzed in the study, irrespective of admission diagnosis. Sputum specimens were analyzed by fluorescence smear microscopy, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, and MGIT drug-susceptibility testing. The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were evaluated using culture as the gold standard.Results: Culture-confirmed TB was found in 201 of 881 patients (22.8%). The specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay was 95.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.4%-96.8), and the sensitivity was 86.1% (95% CI, 80.3-90.4%). In sputum smear-negative, culture-positive cases, the assay was 74.7% sensitive (95% CI, 64.6%-82.8%), identifying 71 additional TB cases that were not detected by smear microscopy. A total of 18 of 111 patients with TB who were tested (16.2%) had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB. The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for detecting culture-confirmed, rifampicin-resistant TB was 81.3% (95% CI, 53.7-95.0%) and 97.5% (95% CI, 90.4-99.6%), respectively.Conclusions: The Xpert MTB/RIF assay performs better than smear microscopy in an inpatient setting in a country where TB and HIV infection are highly endemic. Assessment of its usefulness and cost-effectiveness for increased detection of TB cases missed by sputum smear and for concomitant screening for MDR TB among adult inpatients attending tertiary care referral centers in other countries with a high burden of TB and HIV infection is warranted. © 2012 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	adult; article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; endemic disease; evaluation; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; laboratory device; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; priority journal; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; sputum smear; tertiary health care; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tertiary Care Centers; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Zambia	None
None	None	Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses in populations with different levels of exposure from Tanzania, Ethiopia, Brazil, and Denmark	Hoff S.T., Abebe M., Ravn P., Range N., Malenganisho W., Rodriques D.S., Kallas E.G., Søborg C., Doherty T.M., Andersen P., Weldingh K.	2007	Clinical Infectious Diseases	45	5	10.1086/520662	Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania; Clemente Ferreira Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dept. of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark	Hoff, S.T., Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, Dept. of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark; Abebe, M., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ravn, P., Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Range, N., National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania; Malenganisho, W., National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania; Rodriques, D.S., Clemente Ferreira Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Kallas, E.G., Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Søborg, C., Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Doherty, T.M., Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Andersen, P., Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Weldingh, K., Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark	Background. New, simple, and better-performing diagnostic tools are needed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Much effort has been invested in developing an antibody-based test for TB, but to date, no such test has performed with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. A key question remaining is the extent to which the disappointing performance of current tests is associated with a high background prevalence of latent TB. Methods. We compared Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antibody responses in a total of 565 human serum samples from M. tuberculosis-uninfected donors and donors with latent infection, as well as samples from patients with active TB. Our study included samples from 4 countries, representing environments with low, intermediate, and high TB incidences. Results. We demonstrated significant increases in antibody levels in latently infected contacts, compared with M. tuberculosis-uninfected individuals, and in patients with active TB disease, compared with latently infected contacts. Furthermore, we found a striking increase in the magnitude of the antibody responses in samples obtained from infected Ethiopian individuals (with and without disease), compared with Danish and Brazilian infected individuals; this was presumably the result of higher exposure levels. Conclusions. Our study confirms the presence of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antibodies in patients with TB, and we demonstrate that significant antibody responses are not restricted to active TB disease but can reflect latent infection, particularly in areas with high levels of exposure to M. tuberculosis. This finding is important for the understanding of the poor discriminatory power of current serodiagnostic tests in regions of endemicity, and it may have major implications on the future development of serologic tests. © 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	bacterial protein; early secretory antigenic target 6; hybrid protein; immunoglobulin G antibody; protein CFP 10; unclassified drug; antibody response; article; controlled study; endemic disease; environmental factor; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; geography; human; incidence; major clinical study; medical assessment; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; priority journal; protein analysis; protein expression; protein purification; serology; tuberculosis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibody Formation; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Brazil; Denmark; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Peptide Fragments; Serologic Tests; Tanzania; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899839469	Impact of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin- piperaquine on Malaria in Ugandan schoolchildren: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial	Nankabirwa J.I., Wandera B., Amuge P., Kiwanuka N., Dorsey G., Rosenthal P.J., Brooker S.J., Staedke S.G., Kamya M.R.	2014	Clinical Infectious Diseases	58	10	10.1093/cid/ciu150	Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7475, Kampala, Uganda; Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	Nankabirwa, J.I., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7475, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Wandera, B., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Amuge, P., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7475, Kampala, Uganda; Kiwanuka, N., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Dorsey, G., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Brooker, S.J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Staedke, S.G., Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Kamya, M.R., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7475, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in schoolchildren offers a promising option for malaria control. However, the optimal drug and dosing regimens for IPT remain to be determined. Methods. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 740 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years living in a setting of high malaria transmission in Uganda. Enrolled children were randomized to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) given once a month (IPTm), DP given once a school term (4 treatments over 12 months, IPTst), or placebo and followed for 12 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of malaria over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included parasite prevalence and anemia over 12 months. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Results. In the placebo arm, the incidence of malaria was 0.34 episodes per person-year and the prevalence of parasitemia and anemia was 38% and 20%, respectively. IPTm reduced the incidence of malaria by 96% (95% con-fidence interval [CI], 88%-99%, P.0001), the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia by 94% (95% CI, 92%-96%, P.0001), and the prevalence of anemia by 40% (95% CI, 19%-56%, P .0001). IPTst had no significant effect on the incidence of symptomatic malaria or the prevalence of anemia, but reduced the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia by 54% (95% CI, 47%-60%, P.0001). Conclusions. Monthly IPT with DP offered remarkable protection against clinical malaria, parasitemia, and anemia in schoolchildren living in a high-malaria-transmission setting. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01231880. © 2014 The Author.	Intermittent preventive treatment; Malaria; Schoolchildren.	artemether plus benflumetol; dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine; duo cotecxin; placebo; quinine; unclassified drug; abdominal pain; anemia; anorexia; arthralgia; article; child; childhood disease; controlled study; coughing; diarrhea; double blind procedure; drug efficacy; drug eruption; drug fatality; drug fever; drug induced headache; drug intermittent therapy; drug treatment failure; female; fracture; human; influenza; intention to treat analysis; intermittent preventive treatment; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; male; multiple cycle treatment; nausea and vomiting; parasite incidence; parasite prevalence; parasitemia; pneumonia; prevention study; priority journal; pruritus; randomized controlled trial; school child; sore throat; treatment outcome; Uganda; weakness; wound	Wellcome Trust; 51941, Wellcome Trust; Wellcome Trust; 087540, Wellcome Trust; FIC, Wellcome Trust; NIH, Wellcome Trust; TW007375, NIH, Wellcome Trust; TW008077, NIH, Wellcome Trust
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960077215	Unintended Pregnancies Observed with Combined Use of the Levonorgestrel Contraceptive Implant and Efavirenz-based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Three-Arm Pharmacokinetic Evaluation over 48 Weeks	Scarsi K.K., Darin K.M., Nakalema S., Back D.J., Byakika-Kibwika P., Else L.J., DIlly Penchala S., Buzibye A., Cohn S.E., Merry C., Lamorde M.	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	62	6	10.1093/cid/civ1001	Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Center for Global Health, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland	Scarsi, K.K., Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Darin, K.M., Center for Global Health, United States, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Nakalema, S., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Back, D.J., Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Byakika-Kibwika, P., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Else, L.J., Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; DIlly Penchala, S., Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Buzibye, A., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Cohn, S.E., Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Merry, C., Center for Global Health, United States, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Lamorde, M., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Background. Levonorgestrel subdermal implants are preferred contraceptives with an expected failure rate of <1% over 5 years. We assessed the effect of efavirenz- or nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) coadministration on levonorgestrel pharmacokinetics. Methods. This nonrandomized, parallel group, pharmacokinetic evaluation was conducted in three groups of human immunodeficiency virus-infected Ugandan women: ART-naive (n = 17), efavirenz-based ART (n = 20), and nevirapine-based ART (n = 20). Levonorgestrel implants were inserted at baseline in all women. Blood was collected at 1, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was week 24 levonorgestrel concentrations, compared between the ART-naive group and each ART group by geometric mean ratio (GMR) with 90% confidence interval (CI). Secondary endpoints included week 48 levonorgestrel concentrations and unintended pregnancies. Results. Week 24 geometric mean levonorgestrel concentrations were 528, 280, and 710 pg/mL in the ART-naive, efavirenz, and nevirapine groups, respectively (efavirenz: ART-naive GMR, 0.53; 90% CI,. 50,. 55 and nevirapine: ART-naive GMR, 1.35; 90% CI, 1.29, 1.43). Week 48 levonorgestrel concentrations were 580, 247, and 664 pg/mL in the ART-naive, efavirenz, and nevirapine groups, respectively (efavirenz: ART-naive GMR, 0.43; 90% CI,. 42,. 44 and nevirapine: ART-naive GMR, 1.14; 90% CI, 1.14, 1.16). Three pregnancies (3/20, 15%) occurred in the efavirenz group between weeks 36 and 48. No pregnancies occurred in the ART-naive or nevirapine groups. Conclusions. Within 1 year of combined use, levonorgestrel exposure was markedly reduced in participants who received efavirenz-based ART, accompanied by contraceptive failures. In contrast, nevirapine-based ART did not adversely affect levonorgestrel exposure or efficacy. © 2015 The Author 2015.	Contraceptive implant; Efavirenz; Levonorgestrel; Nevirapine; Unintended pregnancy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645056674	Impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in a peri-urban community in South Africa: The need for age-specific interventions	Lawn S.D., Bekker L.-G., Middelkoop K., Myer L., Wood R.	2006	Clinical Infectious Diseases	42	7	10.1086/501018	Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Diseases Epidemiolgy Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Lawn, S.D., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Middelkoop, K., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Myer, L., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Infectious Diseases Epidemiolgy Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background. In August 2005, the World Health Organization declared the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in Africa to be a regional emergency. Current TB-control measures are failing, largely as a result of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Evaluation of additional control interventions requires detailed understanding of the epidemiological relationship between these diseases at the community level. Methods. We examined age- and sex-specific trends in TB notifications and their association with the prevalence of HIV infection in a peri-urban township in South Africa during 1996-2004. Denominators for TB notifications were derived from population census data. The local TB-control program used the World Health Organization directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy. Results. TB notification rates increased 2.5-fold during the period, reaching a rate of 1468 cases per 100,000 persons in 2004 (P = .007, by test for trend); the estimated population prevalence of HIV infection increased from 6% to 22% during the same period. After stabilization of prevalence of HIV infection, the TB notification rate continued to increase steeply, indicating ongoing amplification of the TB epidemic. In 2004, at least 50% of children aged 0-9 years who developed TB were HIV infected. Annual TB notification rates among adolescents increased from 0 cases in 1996-1997 to 436 cases per 100,000 persons in 2003-2004, and these increases were predominantly among female. However, 20-39-year-old persons were affected most, with TB notification rates increasing from 706 to 2600 cases per 100,000 persons among subjects in their 30s. In contrast, TB rates among persons aged >50 years did not change. Conclusions. HIV infection is driving the TB epidemic in this population, and use of the DOTS strategy alone is insufficient. TB notifications have reached unprecedented levels, and additional targeted, age-specific interventions for control of TB and HIV infection in such populations are needed. © 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	adult; age; article; epidemic; female; gender; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infection control; infection rate; major clinical study; male; prevalence; priority journal; South Africa; tuberculosis; tuberculosis control; urban population; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Directly Observed Therapy; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; South Africa; Time Factors; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748329424	Determinants of mortality and nondeath losses from an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa: Implications for program evaluation	Lawn S.D., Myer L., Harling G., Orrell C., Bekker L.-G., Wood R.	2006	Clinical Infectious Diseases	43	6	10.1086/507095	Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Lawn, S.D., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd., Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Myer, L., Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Harling, G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Orrell, C., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background. The scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART) services in resource-limited settings requires a programmatic model to deliver care to large numbers of people. Understanding the determinants of key outcome measures-including death and nondeath losses-would assist in program evaluation and development. Methods. Between September 2002 and August 2005, all in-program (pretreatment and on-treatment) deaths and nondeath losses were prospectively ascertained among treatment-naive adults (n = 1235) who were enrolled in a community-based ART program in South Africa. Results. At study censorship, 927 patients had initiated ART after a median of 34 days after enrollment in the program. One hundred twenty-one (9.8%) patients died. Mortality rates were 33.3 (95% CI, 25.5-43.0), 19.1 (95% CI, 14.4-25.2), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.8-4.8) deaths/100 person-years in the pretreatment interval, during the first 4 months of ART (early deaths), and after 4 months of ART (late deaths), respectively. Pretreatment and early treatment deaths together accounted for 87% of deaths, and were independently associated with advanced immunodeficiency at enrollment. Late deaths were comparatively few and were only associated with the response to ART at 4 months. Nondeath program losses (loss to follow-up, 2.3%; transfer-out, 1.9%; relocation, 0.7%) were not associated with immune status and were evenly distributed during the study period. Conclusions. Loss to follow-up and late mortality rates were low, reflecting good cohort retention and treatment response. However, the extremely high pretreatment and early mortality rates indicate that patients are enrolling in ART programs with far too advanced immunodeficiency. Causes of late access to the ART program, such as delays in health care access, health system delays, or inappropriate treatment criteria, need to be addressed. © 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; dapsone; didanosine; efavirenz; lamivudine; lopinavir; nevirapine; ritonavir; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; zidovudine; adult; article; female; health care; health care access; health care delivery; health care quality; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; South Africa; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Program Evaluation; Public Health Practice; Risk Assessment; South Africa; Treatment Failure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873051514	The clinical and economic impact of genotype testing at first-line antiretroviral therapy failure for HIV-infected patients in South Africa	Levison J.H., Wood R., Scott C.A., Ciaranello A.L., Martinson N.A., Rusu C., Losina E., Freedberg K.A., Walensky R.P.	2013	Clinical Infectious Diseases	56	4	10.1093/cid/cis887	Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Desmond Tutu HIV Center, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Biostatistics, United States; Departments of Epidemiology, Boston University, School of Public Health, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States	Levison, J.H., Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Center, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Scott, C.A., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Ciaranello, A.L., Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Martinson, N.A., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Rusu, C., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Losina, E., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Departments of Biostatistics, United States, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States, Harvard Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Freedberg, K.A., Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Departments of Epidemiology, Boston University, School of Public Health, United States, Harvard Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Walensky, R.P., Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, United States, Harvard Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States	Background. In resource-limited settings, genotype testing at virologic failure on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) may identify patients with wild-type (WT) virus. After adherence counseling, these patients may safely and effectively continue first-line ART, thereby delaying more expensive second-line ART.Methods. We used the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications International model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease to simulate a South African cohort of HIV-infected adults at first-line ART failure. Two strategies were examined: no genotype vs genotype, assuming availability of protease inhibitor-based second-line ART. Model inputs at first-line ART failure were mean age 38 years, mean CD4 173/μL, and WT virus prevalence 20%; genotype cost was $300 per test and delay to results, 3 months. Outcomes included life expectancy, per-person costs (2010 US dollars), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (dollars per years of life saved [YLS]).Results. No genotype had a projected life expectancy of 106.1 months, which with genotype increased to 108.3 months. Per-person discounted lifetime costs were $16 360 and $16 540, respectively. Compared to no genotype, genotype was very cost-effective, by international guidance, at $900/YLS. The cost-effectiveness of genotype was sensitive to prevalence of WT virus (very cost-effective when prevalence ≥12%), CD4 at first-line ART failure, and ART efficacy. Genotype-associated delays in care ≥5 months decreased survival and made no genotype the preferred strategy. When the test cost was <$100, genotype became cost-saving. Conclusions. Genotype resistance testing at first-line ART failure is very cost-effective in South Africa. The cost-effectiveness of this strategy will depend on prevalence of WT virus and timely response to genotype results. © 2012 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup. com.	antiretroviral treatment failure; HIV; resistance testing; resource-limited settings	antiretrovirus agent; darunavir; etravirine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; proteinase inhibitor; tenofovir; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cost effectiveness analysis; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug treatment failure; genotype; gross national product; health care cost; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; life expectancy; major clinical study; priority journal; South Africa; survival; wild type; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Genotype; Health Resources; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Models, Theoretical; South Africa; Treatment Failure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349902495	Impact of hepatitis b virus infection on human immunodeficiency virus response to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria	Idoko J., Meloni S., Muazu M., Nimzing L., Badung B., Hawkins C., Sankalé J.-L., Ekong E., Murphy R., Kanki P., Thio C.L.	2009	Clinical Infectious Diseases	49	8	10.1086/605675	Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins Universit	Idoko, J., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Meloni, S., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Muazu, M., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nimzing, L., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Badung, B., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Hawkins, C., Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Sankalé, J.-L., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ekong, E., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Murphy, R., Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Kanki, P., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Thio, C.L., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, 855 N. Wolfs St., Rm. 533, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	ackground. As highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) is introduced into areas of the world in which hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic, it is important to determine the influence of HBV on persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV coinfection who are receiving ART. Methods. We studied 1564 HIV-infected patients in Jos, Nigeria, who initiated ART. Participants with HIVHBV coinfection had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA status determined. CD4+ T cell count and HIV load at ART initiation were compared between individuals with HIV monoinfection and those with HIVHBV coinfection with use of univariate methods. Regression analyses were used to determine if HBeAg status or HBV DNA at ART initiation were associated with baseline HIV parameters or ART response. Results. The median CD4 + T cell count of the 262 participants with HIV-HBV coinfection (16.7%) was 107 cells/mL, compared with 130 cells/mL for participants with HIV monoinfection at ART initiation (P&lt;.001). Participants with HIV-HBV coinfection also had higher HIV loads than did patients with HIV monoinfection (4.96 vs 4.75 log10, copies/mL; p = .02). Higher HBV DNA and detectable HBeAg levels were independently associated with lower CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation but not with higher HIV loads. In a multivariable model, HBeAg-positive patients were less likely than HBeAg-negative patients to suppress HIV replication to ≤400 copies/mL (odds ratio, 0.54; P= .03) at 24 weeks, but they had similar CD4+ T cell increases. At 48 weeks, there was no significant effect of HBeAg status on ART response. Conclusions. Among HIV-infected Nigerian individuals, HBV coinfection, especially among those with high levels of HBV replication, was associated with lower CD4+ T cell counts at ART initiation, independent of HIV RNA level. Patients with HBeAg-positive status had a slower virological response to ART, compared with HBeAgnegative patients. Further work is needed to understand the effects of HBV on CD4+ T cells. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	antiretrovirus agent; hepatitis B(e) antigen; virus DNA; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; disease association; female; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liver toxicity; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; Nigeria; priority journal; treatment response; virus load; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; DNA, Viral; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B e Antigens; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Nigeria; RNA, Viral; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
None	None	Evaluation of a PfHRP2 and a pLDH-based rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of severe malaria in 2 populations of african children	Hendriksen I.C.E., Mtove G., Pedro A.J., Gomes E., Silamut K., Lee S.J., Mwambuli A., Gesase S., Reyburn H., Day N.P.J., White N.J., Von Seidlein L., Dondorp A.M.	2011	Clinical Infectious Diseases	52	9	10.1093/cid/cir143	Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Centre, Tanga, Tanzania; Joint Malaria Programme, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania; Hospital Central da Beira, Beira, Mozambique; Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT, Australia	Hendriksen, I.C.E., Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mtove, G., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Centre, Tanga, Tanzania; Pedro, A.J., Hospital Central da Beira, Beira, Mozambique; Gomes, E., Hospital Central da Beira, Beira, Mozambique; Silamut, K., Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Lee, S.J., Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mwambuli, A., Joint Malaria Programme, Tanzania; Gesase, S., National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania; Reyburn, H., London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom, Joint Malaria Programme, Tanzania; Day, N.P.J., Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; White, N.J., Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Von Seidlein, L., Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT, Australia; Dondorp, A.M., Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom	Background. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) now play an important role in the diagnosis of falciparum malaria in many countries where the disease is endemic. Although these tests have been extensively evaluated in uncomplicated falciparum malaria, reliable data on their performance for diagnosing potentially lethal severe malaria is lacking. Methods. We compared a Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich-protein2 (PfHRP2)-based RDT and a Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)-based RDT with routine microscopy of a peripheral blood slide and expert microscopy as a reference standard for the diagnosis of severe malaria in 1898 children who presented with severe febrile illness at 2 centers in Mozambique and Tanzania. Results. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the PfHRP2-based test were 94.0%, 70.9%, 85.4%, and 86.8%, respectively, and for the pLDH-based test, the values were 88.0%, 88.3%, 93.2%, and 80.3%, respectively. At parasite counts &lt;1000 parasites/μL (n = 173), sensitivity of the pLDH-based test was low (45.7%), compared with that of the PfHRP2-based test (69.9%). Both RDTs performed better than did the routine slide reading in a clinical laboratory as assessed in 1 of the centers. Conclusion. The evaluated PfHRP2-based RDT is an acceptable alternative to routine microscopy for diagnosing severe malaria in African children and performed better than did the evaluated pLDH-based RDT. © 2011 The Author.	None	Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein2; Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase; protozoal protein; unclassified drug; diagnostic agent; HRP 2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum; HRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum; lactate dehydrogenase; parasite antigen; protozoal protein; analytical equipment; antigen detection; article; blood smear; child; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; microscopy; Mozambique; Negro; Plasmodium falciparum; predictive value; priority journal; reliability; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; analytical equipment; diagnostic test; evaluation; hospitalization; immunology; malaria falciparum; metabolism; methodology; parasitology; pathophysiology; Plasmodium falciparum; preschool child; time; Antigens, Protozoan; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Infant; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Microscopy; Mozambique; Plasmodium falciparum; Predictive Value of Tests; Protozoan Proteins; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Tanzania; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860379377	Monitoring of early warning indicators for HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral therapy clinics in Zimbabwe	Dzangare J., Gonese E., Mugurungi O., Shamu T., Apollo T., Bennett D.E., Kelley K.F., Jordan M.R., Chakanyuka C., Cham F., Banda R.M.	2012	Clinical Infectious Diseases	54	None	10.1093/cid/cir1014	Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; QUALABS Consulting Inc, Hartford, CT, United States; DTM and H, PGDip Dip in Health Economics, 123 Zomba Street, Area 10, Lilongwe, Malawi	Dzangare, J., Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gonese, E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Mugurungi, O., Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Shamu, T., Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Apollo, T., Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bennett, D.E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kelley, K.F., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Jordan, M.R., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Chakanyuka, C., World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cham, F., QUALABS Consulting Inc, Hartford, CT, United States; Banda, R.M., World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe, DTM and H, PGDip Dip in Health Economics, 123 Zomba Street, Area 10, Lilongwe, Malawi	Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) early warning indicators (EWIs) can help national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs to identify clinic factors associated with HIVDR emergence and provide evidence to support national program and clinic-level adjustments, if necessary. World Health Organization-recommended HIVDR EWIs were monitored in Zimbabwe using routinely available data at selected ART clinics between 2007 and 2009. As Zimbabwe's national ART coverage increases, improved ART information systems are required to strengthen routine national ART monitoring and evaluation and facilitate scale-up of HIVDR EWI monitoring. Attention should be paid to minimizing loss to follow-up, supporting adherence, and ensuring clinic-level drug supply continuity.	None	antiretrovirus agent; antiviral resistance; article; attention; biological monitoring; health center; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; medical information system; prescription; priority journal; scale up; world health organization; Zimbabwe; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Infections; Humans; Lost to Follow-Up; National Health Programs; Patient Compliance; Population Surveillance; World Health Organization; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18244370507	The impact of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the public health burden of pneumonia in HIV-infected and -uninfected children	Madhi S.A., Kuwanda L., Cutland C., Klugman K.P.	2005	Clinical Infectious Diseases	40	10	10.1086/429828	National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paediatr. Infect. Dis. Research Unit, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Chris Hani-Baragwanath Hospital, Old Nurses Home, West Wing, PO Bertsham, Bertsham, Gauteng, 2013, South Africa	Madhi, S.A., National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa, Paediatr. Infect. Dis. Research Unit, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Hospital, Old Nurses Home, West Wing, PO Bertsham, Bertsham, Gauteng, 2013, South Africa; Kuwanda, L., National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cutland, C., National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa, Paediatr. Infect. Dis. Research Unit, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Klugman, K.P., National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States	Introduction. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCV) may be used as a probe to define the burden of pneumococcal disease and better characterize the clinical presentation of pneumococcal pneumonia. Methods. This study used a 9-valent PnCV to define different end points of vaccine efficacy and the preventable burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in 39,836 children who were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in South Africa. Results. Whereas the point-estimate of vaccine efficacy was greatest when measured against the outcome of vaccine-serotype specific pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia (61%; P = .01), the sensitivity of blood culture to measure the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia prevented by vaccination was only 2.6% in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected children and 18.8% in HIV-infected children. Only 37.8% of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia prevented by PnCV were detected by means of chest radiographs showing alveolar consolidation. A clinical diagnosis of pneumonia provided the best estimate of the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia prevented through vaccination in HIV-uninfected children (267 cases prevented per 100,000 child-years) and HIV-infected children (2573 cases prevented per 100,000 child-years). Conclusion. Although outcome measures with high specificity, such as bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, provide a better estimate as to vaccine efficacy, the burden of disease prevented by vaccination is best evaluated using outcome measures with high sensitivity, such as a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia. © 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	Pneumococcus vaccine; article; blood culture; child; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; double blind procedure; drug efficacy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; pneumonia; priority journal; public health; randomized controlled trial; sensitivity and specificity; serotype; Streptococcus pneumoniae; thorax radiography; vaccination; Double-Blind Method; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; South Africa; Vaccines, Conjugate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20444428729	Chronic cough in primary health care attendees, Harare, Zimbabwe: Diagnosis and impact of HIV infection	Munyati S.S., Dhoba T., Makanza E.D., Mungofa S., Wellington M., Mutsvangwa J., Gwanzura L., Hakim J., Nyakabau M., Mason P.R., Robertson V., Rusakaniko S., Butterworth A.E., Corbett E.L.	2005	Clinical Infectious Diseases	40	12	10.1086/429912	National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, National Institute of Health Research, Josiah Tongogara Ave., Harare, Zimbabwe	Munyati, S.S., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Dhoba, T., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Makanza, E.D., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mungofa, S., City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; Wellington, M., City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutsvangwa, J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gwanzura, L., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hakim, J., University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nyakabau, M., University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mason, P.R., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Robertson, V., University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Rusakaniko, S., University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Butterworth, A.E., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Corbett, E.L., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, National Institute of Health Research, Josiah Tongogara Ave., Harare, Zimbabwe	Background. Cough lasting for ≥3 weeks (i.e., chronic cough) indicates that a patient has suspected tuberculosis (TB). At the primary health care level, the spectrum of disease that causes chronic cough has not been previously investigated in a setting with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. A total of 544 adults with chronic cough were recruited systematically from 2 primary health care clinics, and they were evaluated using preset first- and second-line investigations and diagnostic case definitions. Results. The overall prevalence of HIV infection among the study cohort was 83%. TB was the most common diagnosis, with 207 HIV-positive patients (46%) and 27 HIV-negative patients (30%) having confirmed or probable TB. Of these, 145 HIV-positive patients with TB (70%) and 20 HIV-negative patients with TB (74%) had smear-positive cases of TB. Only 17 HIV-positive and 2 HIV-negative patients had smear-negative but culture-positive cases of TB. Lower respiratory tract infections (n = 178; HIV prevalence, 79%) and pneumonia (n = 87; HIV prevalence, 89%) were the next most common diagnoses. Asthma (n = 26; HIV prevalence, 46%), posttuberculous disease and other fibrotic lung disease (n = 34; HIV prevalence, 88%), and cardiac disease (n = 15; HIV prevalence, 93%) were more common than were Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and cryptococcosis (n = 8 and n = 5, respectively; HIV prevalence, 100%), and we found no cases of nocardiosis or histoplasmosis. Conclusions. TB was diagnosed for 43% of patients who presented with chronic cough to primary health care clinics in Harare, with 71% having smear-positive disease. The findings of TB culture added relatively little to the findings of fluorescent microscopy of concentrated sputum specimens. The prevalence of HIV infection was high across a range of diagnoses, suggesting that an HIV test should be recommended in the initial investigation of chronic cough. © 2005 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	article; asthma; bacterium culture; chronic disease; coughing; cryptococcosis; fluorescence microscopy; heart disease; histoplasmosis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; lung fibrosis; nocardiosis; Pneumocystis pneumonia; primary health care; priority journal; sputum smear; tuberculosis; Zimbabwe; Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Cough; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Primary Health Care; Prospective Studies; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049113799	Impact of select immunologic and virologic biomarkers on CD4 cell count decrease in patients with chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection: Results from sinikthemba cohort, Durban, South Africa	Brumme Z., Wang B., Nair K., Brumme C., De Pierres C., Reddy S., Julg B., Moodley E., Thobakgale C., Lu Z., Van Der Stok M., Bishop K., Mncube Z., Chonco F., Yuki Y., Frahm N., Brander C., Carrington M., Freedberg K., Kiepiela P., Goulder P., Walker B., N	2009	Clinical Infectious Diseases	49	6	10.1086/605503	Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Program in HIV Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, United States	Brumme, Z., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Wang, B., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Nair, K., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Brumme, C., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; De Pierres, C., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, S., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Julg, B., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, E., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Thobakgale, C., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Lu, Z., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Van Der Stok, M., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Bishop, K., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Mncube, Z., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Chonco, F., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Yuki, Y., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States; Frahm, N., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Brander, C., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Carrington, M., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States; Freedberg, K., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Kiepiela, P., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Goulder, P., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; Walker, B., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Ndung'u, T., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Losina, E., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States, Program in HIV Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, United States	Background. The extent to which immunologic and clinical biomarkers influence human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection outcomes remains incompletely characterized, particularly for non-B subtypes. On the basis of data supporting in vitro HIV-1 protein-specific CD8 T lymphocyte responses as correlates of immune control in cross-sectional studies, we assessed the relationship of these responses, along with established HIV-I biomarkers, with rates of CD4 cell count decrease in individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype C. Methods. Bivariate and multivariate mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationship of baseline CD4 cell count, plasma viral load, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles, and HIV-1 protein-specific CD8 T cell responses with the rate of CD4 cell count decrease in a longitudinal population-based cohort of 300 therapynaive, chronically infected adults with baseline CD4 cell counts &gt;200 cells/mm3 and plasma viral loads &gt;500 copies/ mL over a median of 25 months of follow-up. Results. In bivariate analyses, baseline CD4 cell count, plasma viral load, and possession of a protective HLA allele correlated significantly with the rate of CD4 cell count decrease. No relationship was observed between HIV1 protein-specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 cell count decrease. Results from multivariate models incorporating baseline CD4 cell counts (201-350 vs &gt;350 cells/mm3), plasma viral load («100,000 vs &gt;100,000 copies/mL), and HLA (protective vs not protective) yielded the ability to discriminate CD4 cell count decreases over a 10-fold range. The fastest decrease was observed among individuals with CD4 cell counts &gt;350 cells/mm3 and plasma viral loads &gt;100,000 copies/mL with no protective HLA alleles ( -59 cells/mm3 per year), whereas the slowest decrease was observed among individuals with CD4 cell counts 201-350 cells/mm3, plasma viral loads «100,000 copies/ mL, and a protective HLA allele (-6 cells/mm3 per year). Conclusions. The combination of plasma viral load and HLA class I type, but not in vitro HIV-I proteinspecific CD8 T cell responses, differentiates rates of CD4 cell count decrease in patients with chronic subtype-C infection better than either marker alone. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	HLA antigen class 1; virus protein; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; chronic disease; clinical assessment; clinical feature; controlled study; female; gene frequency; HLA system; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; major clinical study; male; priority journal; South Africa; T lymphocyte activation; virus load; virus typing; Adult; Alleles; Biological Markers; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HLA Antigens; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Predictive Value of Tests; South Africa; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054757511	Evaluation of a novel point-of-care cryptococcal antigen test on serum, plasma, and urine from patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis	Jarvis J.N., Percival A., Bauman S., Pelfrey J., Meintjes G., Williams G.N., Longley N., Harrison T.S., Kozel T.R.	2011	Clinical Infectious Diseases	53	10	10.1093/cid/cir613	Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Diseases Unit, GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Reno, United States; Immuno-Mycologics, Norman, OK, United States; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom	Jarvis, J.N., Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Infectious Diseases Unit, GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Percival, A., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Reno, United States; Bauman, S., Immuno-Mycologics, Norman, OK, United States; Pelfrey, J., Immuno-Mycologics, Norman, OK, United States; Meintjes, G., Infectious Diseases Unit, GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Williams, G.N., Infectious Diseases Unit, GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Longley, N., Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Infectious Diseases Unit, GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Harrison, T.S., Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom; Kozel, T.R., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Reno, United States	Background. Many deaths from cryptococcal meningitis (CM) may be preventable through early diagnosis and treatment. An inexpensive point-of-care (POC) assay for use with urine or a drop of blood would facilitate early diagnosis of cryptococcal infection in resource-limited settings. We compared cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) concentrations in plasma, serum, and urine from patients with CM, using an antigen-capture assay for glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and a novel POC dipstick test. Methods. GXM concentrations were determined in paired serum, plasma, and urine from 62 patients with active or recent CM, using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A dipstick lateral-flow assay developed using the same monoclonal antibodies for the sandwich ELISA was tested in parallel. Correlation coefficients were calculated using Spearman rank test. Results. All patients had detectable GXM in serum, plasma, and urine using the quantitative ELISA. Comparison of paired serum and plasma showed identical results. There were strong correlations between GXM levels in serum/urine (rs = 0.86; P <. 001) and plasma/urine (rs = 0.85; P <. 001). Levels of GXM were 22-fold lower in urine than in serum/plasma. The dipstick test was positive in serum, plasma, and urine in 61 of 62 patients. Dipstick titers correlated strongly with ELISA. Correlations between the methods were 0.93 (P <. 001) for serum, 0.94 (P <. 001) for plasma, and 0.94 (P <. 001) for urine. Conclusions. This novel dipstick test has the potential to markedly improve early diagnosis of CM in many settings, enabling testing of urine in patients presenting to health care facilities in which lumbar puncture, or even blood sampling, is not feasible. © 2011 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	amphotericin B; cryptococcus antigen; fluconazole; fungus antigen; glucuronoxylomannan; unclassified drug; article; cryptococcal meningitis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; hospital information system; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; major clinical study; priority journal; protein blood level; protein urine level; recurrent infection; urinalysis; Adult; Antigens, Fungal; Biological Markers; Cryptococcus neoformans; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Point-of-Care Systems; Polysaccharides	None
None	None	Dried blood spots perform well in viral load monitoring of patients who receive antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania	Johannessen A., Garrido C., Zahonero N., Sandvik L., Naman E., Kivuyo S.L., Kasubi M.J., Gundersen S.G., Bruun J.N., De Mendoza C.	2009	Clinical Infectious Diseases	49	6	10.1086/605502	Ulleval Department of Infectious Diseases, Norway; Ulleval Centre for Clinical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital HF, Norway; Centre for Development Studies, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway; Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Haydom Research Station, Mbulu; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ulleval Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway	Johannessen, A., Ulleval Department of Infectious Diseases, Norway, Ulleval Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; Garrido, C., Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Zahonero, N., Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Sandvik, L., Ulleval Centre for Clinical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Naman, E., HIV Care and Treatment Centre, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Tanzania; Kivuyo, S.L., National Institute for Medical Research, Haydom Research Station, Mbulu; Kasubi, M.J., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Gundersen, S.G., Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital HF, Norway, Centre for Development Studies, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway; Bruun, J.N., Ulleval Department of Infectious Diseases, Norway, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway; De Mendoza, C., Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain	Background. Monitoring or antiretroviral treatment (ART) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads, as recommended in industrialized countries, is rarely available in resource-limited settings because of the high costs and stringent requirements for storage and transport of plasma. Dried blood spots (DBS) can be an alternative to plasma, but the use of DBS has not been assessed under field conditions in rural Africa. The present study investigates the performance of DBS in HIV viral load monitoring of patients who received ART in rural Tanzania. Patients and Methods. From November 2007 through June 2008, parallel plasma and DBS specimens were obtained from patients who received ART at Haydom Lutheran Hospital in rural Tanzania. DBS specimens were stored at tropical room temperature for 3 weeks before testing with the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 assay. Results obtained with DBS were compared with results obtained with use of a gold-standard plasma assay. Results. Ninety-eight plasma-DBS pairs were compared, and plasma viral loads ranged from &lt;40 to &gt;1,000,000 copies/mL. The correlation between plasma and DBS viral load was strong (R 2 = 0.75). The mean difference (± standard deviation) was 0.04 ± 0.57 log 10 copies/mL, and only 8 samples showed &gt;1 log 10 copies/mL difference. HIV type 1 RNA was detected in 7%, 60%, and 100% of DBS specimens with corresponding plasma viral loads of 40-999, 1000-2999, and ≥3000 copies/mL, respectively. Conclusions. DBS, in combination with the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v1.2 asay, performed well in monitoring HIV viral loads in patients who received ART in rural Tanzania, although the sensitivity was reduced when viral burden was low. The use of DBS can simplify virological monitoring in resource-limited settings. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood sampling; blood storage; child; controlled study; dried blood spot; drug treatment failure; female; gold standard plasma assay; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; major clinical study; male; patient monitoring; preschool child; priority journal; room temperature; rural area; Tanzania; viremia; virus load; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rural Population; Sensitivity and Specificity; Specimen Handling; Tanzania; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929147308	Impact of early valve surgery on outcome of staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: Analysis in the international collaboration of endocarditis-prospective cohort study	Chirouze C., Alla F., Fowler V.G., Jr., Sexton D.J., Corey G.R., Chu V.H., Wang A., Erpelding M.-L., Durante-Mangoni E., Fernández-Hidalgo N., Giannitsioti E., Hannan M.M., Lejko-Zupanc T., Miró J.M., Muñoz P., Murdoch D.R., Tattevin P., Tribouilloy C., H	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	60	5	10.1093/cid/ciu871	UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France; Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, Nancy, France; INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France; CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Naples S.U.N., Monaldi Hospital, Italy; Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France; Départment de Cardiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, EA 4537, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, France; Hospital Italiano, Italy; Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Alfred Hospital, Argentina; Barwon Health, Argentina; Canberra Hospital, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Southern Health, Australia; St George Hospital, Australia; St Vincent's, Australia; Sutherland, United States; University of New South Wales, Australia; Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; University of Manitoba, Canada; Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Pontchaillou University, France; South Hospital Amiens, France; University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany; University Essen, Germany; Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; Medical College Calicut, United States; Mater Hospitals, Australia; Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; II Università di Napoli, Italy; Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia; National Heart Institute, United States; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; University of Otago, New Zealand; Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand; Diagnostic Medlab, New Zealand; Wellington Hospital, United Kingdom; North Shore Hospital, New Zealand; ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre, Russian Presidential Affairs Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation; Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; National Heart Centre, United States; Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Dallas VA Medical Center, United States; Duke University Medical Center, United States; Emory University, United States; Medical University of South Carolina, United States; New York University Medical Center, United States; Summa Health System, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Wayne State University, United States; Quintiles, United States	Chirouze, C., UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France; Alla, F., Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, Nancy, France, INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France, CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France, CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Fowler, V.G., Jr., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Sexton, D.J., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Corey, G.R., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Chu, V.H., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Wang, A., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Erpelding, M.-L., INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France, CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France; Durante-Mangoni, E., Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Naples S.U.N., Monaldi Hospital, Italy, II Università di Napoli, Italy; Fernández-Hidalgo, N., Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Giannitsioti, E., Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Hannan, M.M., Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, Mater Hospitals, Australia; Lejko-Zupanc, T., Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Miró, J.M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Madrid, Spain, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Muñoz, P., Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Murdoch, D.R., Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand; Tattevin, P., Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France, Pontchaillou University, France; Tribouilloy, C., Départment de Cardiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France, South Hospital Amiens, France; Hoen, B., UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, EA 4537, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, France, University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Clara, L., Hospital Italiano, Italy; Sanchez, M., Hospital Italiano, Italy; Nacinovich, F., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Oses, P.F., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Ronderos, R., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Sucari, A., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Thierer, J., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Casabé, J., Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Cortes, C., Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Altclas, J., Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Kogan, S., Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Spelman, D., Alfred Hospital, Argentina; Athan, E., Barwon Health, Argentina; Harris, O., Barwon Health, Argentina; Kennedy, K., Canberra Hospital, Australia; Tan, R., Canberra Hospital, Australia; Gordon, D., Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Papanicolas, L., Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Eisen, D., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Grigg, L., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Street, A., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Korman, T., Southern Health, Australia; Kotsanas, D., Southern Health, Australia; Dever, R., St George Hospital, Australia; Konecny, P., St George Hospital, Australia; Lawrence, R., St George Hospital, Australia; Rees, D., St George Hospital, Australia; Ryan, S., St George Hospital, Australia, St Vincent's, Australia, Sutherland, United States, University of New South Wales, Australia; Feneley, M.P., St Vincent's, Australia; Harkness, J., St Vincent's, Australia; Jones, P., St George Hospital, Australia, St Vincent's, Australia, Sutherland, United States, University of New South Wales, Australia; Post, J., University of New South Wales, Australia; Reinbott, P., University of New South Wales, Australia; Gattringer, R., Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Wiesbauer, F., Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Andrade, A.R., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; De Brito, A.C.P., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Guimarães, A.C., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Grinberg, M., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Mansur, A.J., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Siciliano, R.F., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Strabelli, T.M.V., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Vieira, M.L.C., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; De Medeiros Tranchesi, R.A., Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Paiva, M.G., Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Fortes, C.Q., Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; De Oliveira Ramos, A., Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil; Ferraiuoli, G., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Golebiovski, W., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Lamas, C., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Santos, M., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Weksler, C., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Karlowsky, J.A., University of Manitoba, Canada; Keynan, Y., University of Manitoba, Canada; Morris, A.M., University of Manitoba, Canada; Rubinstein, E., University of Manitoba, Canada, Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; Jones, S.B., Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Garcia, P., Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Cereceda, M., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Fica, A., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Mella, R.M., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Barsic, B., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Bukovski, S., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Krajinovic, V., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Pangercic, A., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Rudez, I., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Vincelj, J., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Freiberger, T., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Pol, J., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Zaloudikova, B., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Zainab, A., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; El Kholy, A., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Mishaal, M., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Rizk, H., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Aissa, N., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Alauzet, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Campagnac, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Doco-Lecompte, T., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Selton-Suty, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Casalta, J.-P., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Fournier, P.-E., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Habib, G., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Raoult, D., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Thuny, F., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Delahaye, F., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Delahaye, A., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Vandenesch, F., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Donal, E., Pontchaillou University, France; Donnio, P.Y., Pontchaillou University, France; Michelet, C., Pontchaillou University, France; Revest, M., Pontchaillou University, France; Violette, J., Pontchaillou University, France; Chevalier, F., South Hospital Amiens, France; Jeu, A., South Hospital Amiens, France; Rusinaru, D.M.D., South Hospital Amiens, France; Sorel, C., South Hospital Amiens, France; Bernard, Y., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Leroy, J., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Plesiat, P., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Naber, C., Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany, University Essen, Germany; Neuerburg, C., Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany, University Essen, Germany; Mazaheri, B., University Essen, Germany; Athanasia, S., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Deliolanis, I., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Giamarellou, H., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Tsaganos, T., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Mylona, E., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Paniara, O., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Papanicolaou, K., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Pyros, J., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Skoutelis, A., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Sharma, G., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; Francis, J., Medical College Calicut, United States; Nair, L., Medical College Calicut, United States; Thomas, V., Medical College Calicut, United States; Venugopal, K., Medical College Calicut, United States; Hurley, J., Mater Hospitals, Australia; Gilon, D., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Israel, S., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Korem, M., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Strahilevitz, J., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel, Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; Casillo, R., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Cuccurullo, S., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Dialetto, G., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Irene, M., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Ragone, E., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Tripodi, M.F., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Utili, R., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Cecchi, E., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; De Rosa, F., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Forno, D., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Imazio, M., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Trinchero, R., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Tebini, A., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Grossi, P., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Lattanzio, M., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Toniolo, A., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Goglio, A., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Raglio, A., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Ravasio, V., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Rizzi, M., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Suter, F., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Carosi, G., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Magri, S., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Signorini, L., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Baban, T., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Kanafani, Z., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Kanj, S.S., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Yasmine, M., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Abidin, I., University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia; Tamin, S.S., National Heart Institute, United States; Martínez, E.R., Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Nieto, G.I.S., Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Van Der Meer, J.T.M., University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Chambers, S., University of Otago, New Zealand; Holland, D., Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand; Morris, A., Diagnostic Medlab, New Zealand; Raymond, N., Wellington Hospital, United Kingdom; Read, K., North Shore Hospital, New Zealand; Dragulescu, S., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Ionac, A., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Mornos, C., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Butkevich, O.M., Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre, Russian Presidential Affairs Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation; Chipigina, N., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Kirill, O., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Vadim, K., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Vinogradova, T., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Edathodu, J., King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Halim, M., King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Lum, L.-N., National Heart Centre, United States; Tan, R.-S., National Heart Centre, United States; Logar, M., Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Mueller-Premru, M., Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Commerford, P., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Commerford, A., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Deetlefs, E., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hansa, C., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Ntsekhe, M., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Almela, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Armero, Y., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Azqueta, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Castañeda, X., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cervera, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Del Rio, A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Falces, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Garcia-De-La-Maria, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fita, G., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gatell, J.M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Marco, F., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Mestres, C.A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Moreno, A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ninot, S., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Paré, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pericas, J., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ramirez, J., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rovira, I., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Sitges, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Anguera, I., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Font, B., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Guma, J.R., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Bermejo, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Bouza, E., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Fernández, M.A.G., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Gonzalez-Ramallo, V., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Marín, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Pedromingo, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Roda, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Rodríguez-Créixems, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Solis, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Almirante, B., Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Tornos, P., Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; De Alarcón, A., Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Parra, R., Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Alestig, E., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Johansson, M., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Olaison, L., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Snygg-Martin, U., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Pachirat, O., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Pachirat, P., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Pussadhamma, B., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Senthong, V., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Casey, A., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Elliott, T., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Lambert, P., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Watkin, R., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Eyton, C., St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Klein, J.L., St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Bradley, S., Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Kauffman, C., Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Bedimo, R., Dallas VA Medical Center, United States; Crowley, A.L., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Douglas, P., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Drew, L., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Holland, T., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Lalani, T., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Mudrick, D., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Samad, Z., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Stryjewski, M., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Woods, C.W., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Lerakis, S., Emory University, United States; Cantey, R., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Steed, L., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Wray, D., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Dickerman, S.A., New York University Medical Center, United States; Bonilla, H., Summa Health System, United States; Di Persio, J., Summa Health System, United States; Salstrom, S.-J., Summa Health System, United States; Baddley, J., University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Patel, M., University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Peterson, G., UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Stancoven, A., UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Afonso, L., Wayne State University, United States; Kulman, T., Wayne State University, United States; Levine, D., Wayne State University, United States; Rybak, M., Wayne State University, United States; Cabell, C.H., Quintiles, United States; Baloch, K., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Dixon, C.C., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Harding, T., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Jones-Richmond, M., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Pappas, P., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Park, L.P., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Redick, T., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Stafford, J., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Anstrom, K.; Bayer, A.S.; Karchmer, A.W.; Durack, D.T.; Eykyn, S.; Moreillon, P.	Background. The impact of early valve surgery (EVS) on the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between EVS, performed within the first 60 days of hospitalization, and outcome of SA PVIE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Methods. Participants were enrolled between June 2000 and December 2006. Cox proportional hazards modeling that included surgery as a time-dependent covariate and propensity adjustment for likelihood to receive cardiac surgery was used to evaluate the impact of EVS and 1-year all-cause mortality on patients with definite left-sided S. aureus PVIE and no history of injection drug use. Results. EVS was performed in 74 of the 168 (44.3%) patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher among patients with S. aureus PVIE than in patients with non-S. aureus PVIE (48.2% vs 32.9%; P = .003). Staphylococcus aureus PVIE patients who underwent EVS had a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate (33.8% vs 59.1%; P = .001). In multivariate, propensity-adjusted models, EVS was not associated with 1-year mortality (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, .39-1.15]; P = .15). Conclusions. In this prospective, multinational cohort of patients with S. aureus PVIE, EVS was not associated with reduced 1-year mortality. The decision to pursue EVS should be individualized for each patient, based upon infection-specific characteristics rather than solely upon the microbiology of the infection causing PVIE. © The Author 2014.	1-year mortality; Endocarditis; Prosthetic valve; Surgery	aged; Article; bacterial endocarditis; cerebrovascular accident; cohort analysis; congestive heart failure; controlled study; drug use; early valve surgery; evaluation study; female; follow up; heart surgery; heart valve prosthesis; heart valve surgery; hospitalization; human; major clinical study; male; mortality; multicenter study; outcome assessment; priority journal; prospective study; Staphylococcus aureus; staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938590827	Evaluation of Fingerstick Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay in HIV-Infected Persons: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study	Williams D.A., Kiiza T., Kwizera R., Kiggundu R., Velamakanni S., Meya D.B., Rhein J., Boulware D.R.	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	61	3	10.1093/cid/civ263	University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda; College of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Williams, D.A., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States, Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda; Kiiza, T., Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda; Kwizera, R., Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda; Kiggundu, R., Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda; Velamakanni, S., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States; Meya, D.B., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States, Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Rhein, J., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States, Infectious Diseases Institute, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda; Boulware, D.R., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States	Background. Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of adult meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa. The cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) lateral flow assay (LFA) has simplified diagnosis as a point-of-care test approved for serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We evaluated the accuracy of the CRAG LFA using fingerstick whole blood compared with serum/plasma and CSF for diagnosing meningitis. Methods. From August 2013 to August 2014, CRAG LFA (IMMY, Norman, Oklahoma) tests were performed on fingerstick whole blood, plasma/serum, and CSF in 207 HIV-infected adults with suspected meningitis in Kampala, Uganda. Venous blood was also collected and centrifuged to obtain serum and/or plasma. CSF was tested after lumbar puncture. Results. Of 207 participants, 149 (72%) had fingerstick CRAG-positive results. There was 100% agreement between fingerstick whole blood and serum/plasma. Of the 149 fingerstick CRAG-positive participants, 138 (93%) had evidence of cryptococcal meningitis with a positive CSF CRAG. Eleven participants (5%) had isolated cryptococcal antigenemia with a negative CSF CRAG and culture, of whom 8 had CSF abnormalities (n = 3 lymphocytic pleocytosis, n = 5 elevated protein, n = 4 increased opening pressure). No persons with cryptococcal meningitis had negative fingersticks. Conclusions. The 100% agreement between whole blood, serum, and plasma CRAG LFA results demonstrates that fingerstick CRAG is a reliable bedside diagnostic test. Using point-of-care CRAG testing simplifies screening large numbers of patients and enables physicians to prioritize on whom to measure CSF opening pressure using manometers. © 2015 The Author 2015.	cryptococcal meningitis; cryptococcus; HIV; lateral flow assay; point-of-care systems	adult; Article; cerebrospinal fluid; clinical evaluation; clinical trial; cost effectiveness analysis; cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay; cryptococcal meningitis; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; evidence based practice; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; immunology test kit; lumbar puncture; major clinical study; male; molecular diagnostics; plasma; point of care testing; priority journal; prospective study; serum; Uganda; venous blood	K24AI096925, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; R01NS086312, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; R25TW009345, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; T32AI055433, NIAID, National I
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954708861	Evaluation of plasma human herpesvirus 8 DNA as a marker of clinical outcomes during antiretroviral therapy for AIDS-related kaposi sarcoma in Zimbabwe	Borok M., Fiorillo S., Gudza I., Putnam B., Ndemera B., White I.E., Gwanzura L., Schooley R.T., Campbell T.B.	2010	Clinical Infectious Diseases	51	3	10.1086/654800	University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; University of California, San Diego, United States	Borok, M., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Fiorillo, S., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Gudza, I., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Putnam, B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Ndemera, B., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; White, I.E., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Gwanzura, L., Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Schooley, R.T., University of California, San Diego, United States; Campbell, T.B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States	Background. The usefulness of plasma human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA as a marker of response to treatment for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) in an African setting is unknown. Methods. We conducted a prospective pilot study at the Parirenyatwa Hospital Kaposi Sarcoma Clinic (Harare, Zimbabwe) to investigate the hypothesis that the clinical response of AIDS-KS is associated with suppression of HHV-8 DNA. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was provided as coformulation of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine. Clinical response was defined as survival to week 96 with either complete or partial resolution of KS disease. Results. Ninety ART-naive participants (62 men and 28 women) aged &gt;18 years who had human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and biopsy-confirmed KS were studied; 82% had stage T1 disease. Fifty participants received adjunctive chemotherapy. The median CD4+ lymphocyte count increased from 124 cells/μL at baseline to 281 cells/μL, the plasma HIV-1 RNA level decreased from 4.69 to &lt;2.60 log10 copies/mL, the plasma HHV-8 DNA level decreased from 660 to &lt;25 copies/mL, and HHV-8 DNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased from 2790 to 37 copies/106 cells (P&lt;.001 for each comparison). There were 14 deaths (16%) and 13 patients (15%) lost to follow-up. The most common cause of death was infection. Clinical response of KS occurred in 17 participants (19%). Pretreatment plasma HHV-8 DNA levels of &lt;660 copies/mL were associated with greater survival (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-7.53; Pp.04) and a better clinical response (odds ratio, 6.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-24.19; Pp.006). Conclusions. AIDS-KS tumor responses after ART initiation were limited. Pretreatment plasma HHV-8 DNA level may be a surrogate for KS disease that is in need of intensive clinical management. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	abacavir; bleomycin; cotrimoxazole; doxorubicin; etoposide; lamivudine; nevirapine; vincristine; virus DNA; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; biological marker; virus DNA; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; aged; anemia; article; bacterial arthritis; cause of death; CD4+ T lymphocyte; clinical trial; cohort analysis; cryptococcal meningitis; drug hypersensitivity; female; follow up; gastrointestinal infection; hepatitis; human; Human herpesvirus 8; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Kaposi sarcoma; lower respiratory tract infection; major clinical study; malaria; male; mortality; neutropenia; nonhuman; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; pilot study; Pneumocystis jiroveci; pneumonia; priority journal; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; soft tissue infection; Stevens Johnson syndrome; stomatitis; survival; treatment duration; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; urinary tract infection; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; blood; complication; drug monitoring; genetics; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human herpesvirus 8; isolation and purification; middle aged; plasma; procedures; Sarcoma, Kaposi; virology; virus load; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; DNA, Viral; Drug Monitoring; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; DNA, Viral; Drug Monitoring; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84950312438	Theory-driven process evaluation of the SHINE trial using a program impact pathway approach	Mbuya M.N.N., Jones A.D., Ntozini R., Humphrey J.H., Moulton L.H., Stoltzfus R.J., Maluccio J.A.	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	61	None	10.1093/cid/civ716	Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, 16 Lauchlan Ave, Meyrick Park, Harare, Zimbabwe; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Vermont, United States	Mbuya, M.N.N., Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, 16 Lauchlan Ave, Meyrick Park, Harare, Zimbabwe, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Jones, A.D., School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Ntozini, R., Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, 16 Lauchlan Ave, Meyrick Park, Harare, Zimbabwe; Humphrey, J.H., Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, 16 Lauchlan Ave, Meyrick Park, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Moulton, L.H., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Stoltzfus, R.J., Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Maluccio, J.A., Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Vermont, United States	Two reasons for the lack of success of programs or interventions are poor alignment of interventions with the causes of the problem targeted by the intervention, leading to poor efficacy (theory failure), and failure to implement interventions as designed (program failure). These failures are important for both public health programs and randomized trials. In the Sanitation Hygiene and Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial, we utilize the program impact pathway (PIP) approach to track intervention implementation and behavior uptake. In this article, we present the SHINE PIP including definitions and measurements of key mediating domains, and discuss the implications of this approach for randomized trials. Operationally, the PIP can be used for monitoring and strengthening intervention delivery, facilitating course-correction at various stages of implementation. Analytically, the PIP can facilitate a richer understanding of the mediating and modifying determinants of intervention impact than would be possible from an intention-to-treat analysis alone. © 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.	intention to treat; per protocol; process evaluation; program impact pathway	Article; behavior change; health care delivery; hemoglobin determination; human; infant feeding; intention to treat analysis; maternal behavior; medical record review; priority journal; program impact; theory	None
WoS	WOS:000311637600011	Exploring Household Economic Impacts of Childhood Diarrheal Illnesses in 3 African Settings	Adegbola, Richard A.,Breiman, Robert F.,Farag, Tamer H.,Kotloff, Karen L.,Kukla, Matt,Levine, Myron M.,Nasrin, Dilruba,Omore, Richard,Onwuchekwa, Uma,Rheingans, Richard,Saha, Debasish,Sow, Samba O.	2012	CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES	55	None	10.1093/cid/cis763	Florida State University System, GlaxoSmithKline, University of Florida, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent KEMRI CDC, Ctr Vaccine Dev Mali, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Adegbola, Richard A.: GlaxoSmithKline","Farag, Tamer H.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Farag, Tamer H.: University System of Maryland","Kotloff, Karen L.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Kotloff, Karen L.: University System of Maryland","Kukla, Matt: Florida State University System","Kukla, Matt: University of Florida","Levine, Myron M.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Levine, Myron M.: University System of Maryland","Nasrin, Dilruba: University of Maryland Baltimore","Nasrin, Dilruba: University System of Maryland","Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida",	Beyond the morbidity and mortality burden of childhood diarrhea in sub-Saharan African are significant economic costs to affected households. Using survey data from 3 of the 4 sites in sub-Saharan Africa (Gambia, Kenya, Mali) participating in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), we estimated the direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect (productivity losses) costs borne by households due to diarrhea in young children. Mean cost per episode was $2.63 in Gambia, $6.24 in Kenya, and $4.11 in Mali. Direct medical costs accounted for less than half of these costs. Mean costs understate the distribution of costs, with 10% of cases exceeding $6.50, $11.05, and $13.84 in Gambia, Kenya, and Mali. In all countries there was a trend toward lower costs among poorer households and in 2 of the countries for diarrheal illness affecting girls. For poor children and girls, this may reflect reduced household investment in care, which may result in increased risks of mortality.	,COMMUNITY,COST-EFFECTIVENESS,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,GASTROENTERITIS,HEALTH-CARE-SEEKING,KENYA,MORTALITY,"ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION",SERVICES,"USER FEES"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000298383700020	What Is the Impact of Home-Based HIV Counseling and Testing on the Clinical Status of Newly Enrolled Adults in a Large HIV Care Program in Western Kenya?	Braitstein, Paula,Kimaiyo, Sylvester,Mamlin, Joseph,Ndege, Samson,Wachira, Juddy	2012	CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES	54	2	10.1093/cid/cir789	Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), University of Toronto, USAID AMPATH	None	Background. This article describes the effect point of entry into the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care program had on the clinical status of adults presenting for the first time to USAID-AMPATH (US Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare) Partnership clinics for HIV care. Methods. All patients aged &gt;= 14 years enrolled between August 2008 and April 2010 were included. Points of entry to USAID-AMPATH clinics were home-based counseling and testing (HBCT), provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC), HIV testing in the tuberculosis clinic, and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). Tests for trend were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the effect of HBCT versus other points of entry on primary outcomes controlling for age and sex. Results. There were 19 552 eligible individuals. Of these, 946 tested in HBCT, 10 261 in VCT, 8073 in PITC, and 272 in the tuberculosis clinic. The median (interquartile range) enrollment CD4 cell counts among those who tested HIV positive was 323 (194-491), 217 (87-404), 190 (70-371), and 136 cells/mm(3) (59-266) for HBCT, VCT, PITC, and the tuberculosis clinic, respectively (P &lt; .001). Compared with those patients whose HIV infection was diagnosed in the tuberculosis clinic, those who tested positive in HBCT were, controlling for age and sex, less likely to have to have World Health Organization stage III or IV HIV infection at enrollment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], .03-.06), less likely to enroll with a CD4 cell count of &lt; 200 cells/mm(3) (AOR, 0.20; 95% CI, .14-.28), and less likely to enroll into care with a chief complaint (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, .05-.12). Conclusions. HBCT is effective at getting HIV-infected persons enrolled in HIV care before they become ill.	,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISCORDANCE,GENDER,INFECTION,PREVALENCE,PREVENTION,SCALE-UP,SELF-DISCLOSURE,SEROSTATUS,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000303341300009	Early Warning Indicators for Population-Based Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance in 6 African Countries	Botes, Mariette E.,de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke,Geskus, Ronald B.,Hamers, Raph L.,Ive, Prudence,Kityo, Cissy,Labib, Moheb,Mandaliya, Kishor,Menke, Jack,Osibogun, Akin,PharmAccess African Studies Evalu,Sigaloff, Kim C. E.,Siwale, Margaret,Stevens, Wendy S.,van	2012	CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES	54	None	10.1093/cid/cir1015	Joint Clinic Research Center - United Arab Emirates, University of Amsterdam, University of Lagos, University of Witwatersrand, Coast Prov Gen Hosp, Copt Hosp, Lusaka Trust Hosp, Muelmed Hosp, Newlands Clin	"de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke: University of Amsterdam","Geskus, Ronald B.: University of Amsterdam","Hamers, Raph L.: University of Amsterdam","Ive, Prudence: University of Witwatersrand","Kityo, Cissy: Joint Clinic Research Center - United Arab Emirates","Osibogun, Akin: University of Lagos","Sigaloff, Kim C. E.: University of Amsterdam","Stevens, Wendy S.: University of Witwatersrand",	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing are not routinely available for therapeutic monitoring of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. World Health Organization HIVDR early warning indicators (EWIs) assess ART site factors known to favor the emergence of HIVDR. HIV drug resistance EWI monitoring was performed within the PharmAccess African Studies to Evaluate Resistance Monitoring (PASER-M) study, comprising 13 ART sites in 6 African countries. Early warning indicator assessment in the PASER network identified vulnerable aspects of ART programs and triggered interventions aimed at minimizing HIVDR emergence. Additionally, data suggest an advantage of medication possession ratio over on-time antiretroviral drug pickup in identifying patients at risk for HIVDR development.	,ADHERENCE,ADULTS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY","INFECTED PATIENTS",OUTCOMES,PREDICTORS,PREVENTION,SURVIVAL,"TREATMENT FAILURE","VIRAL LOAD"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000303341300004	Building Capacity for the Assessment of HIV Drug Resistance: Experiences From the PharmAccess African Studies to Evaluate Resistance Network	Botes, Mariette E.,Conradie, Francesca,de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke,Hamers, Raph L.,Kityo, Cissy,Mandaliya, Kishor,Osibogun, Akin,PharmAccess African Studies Evalua,Sigaloff, Kim C. E.,Siwale, Margaret,Stevens, Wendy S.,Straatsma, Elske,van Vugt, Michele,Walli	2012	CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES	54	None	10.1093/cid/cir995	Joint Clinic Research Center - United Arab Emirates, University of Amsterdam, University of Lagos, University of Witwatersrand, Coast Prov Gen Hosp, Lusaka Trust Hosp, Muelmed Hosp, Newlands Clin	"Conradie, Francesca: University of Witwatersrand","Kityo, Cissy: Joint Clinic Research Center - United Arab Emirates","Osibogun, Akin: University of Lagos","Stevens, Wendy S.: University of Witwatersrand","Wallis, Carole L.: University of Witwatersrand",	The PharmAccess African Studies to Evaluate Resistance (PASER) network was established as a collaborative partnership of clinical sites, laboratories, and research groups in 6 African countries; its purpose is to build research and laboratory capacity in support of a coordinated effort to assess population-level acquired and transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type-1 drug resistance (HIVDR), thus contributing to the goals of the World Health Organization Global HIV Drug Resistance Network. PASER disseminates information to medical professionals and policy makers and conducts observational research related to HIVDR. The sustainability of the network is challenged by funding limitations, constraints in human resources, a vulnerable general health infrastructure, and high cost and complexity of molecular diagnostic testing. This report highlights experiences and challenges in the PASER network from 2006 to 2010.	,"ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT",INDIVIDUALS,PREVENTION,STRATEGY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",THERAPY,"VIRAL LOAD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30344451058	Evaluation of maximal exercise performance, fatigue, and depression in athletes with acquired chronic training intolerance	St. Clair Gibson A., Grobler L.A., Collins M., Lambert M.I., Sharwood K., Derman E.W., Noakes T.D.	2006	Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine	16	1	10.1097/01.jsm.0000188044.06545.e5	UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa	St. Clair Gibson, A., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Grobler, L.A., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Collins, M., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Sharwood, K., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Derman, E.W., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Objective: This study compared differences in maximal strength and aerobic capacity and symptoms of fatigue and depression in athletes with acquired training intolerance (ATI) and control athletes (CON) matched for age and current training volume who did not have symptoms of excessive or chronic fatigue associated with their sporting activity. Setting: University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa. Participants: Twenty ATI and 10 CON athletes participated in the trial. Although the ATI athletes reported symptoms of excessive fatigue during exercise, or symptoms of fatigue that occurred at rest and during activities of daily living, they did not fulfill the criteria for a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Main Outcome Measures: A training and comprehensive medical history was recorded from all subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory Short Form (BDI-SF) was used to assess levels of depression in both ATI and control subjects. Maximal force output during a 5-second isometric voluntary knee extensor muscle contraction, and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and maximal blood lactate concentrations during a treadmill running test were measured in all subjects. Results: There were no differences in maximal isometric force output, peak treadmill running speed, VO2max, HRmax, or blood lactate concentration at rest or after maximal exercise testing between the ATI and CON athletes. However, the BDI-SF scores were higher in the ATI (7.7 ± 6.6 arbitrary units) than in the CON athletes (1.7 ± 1.5 arbitrary units; (P = 0.0052). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the symptoms of excessive fatigue and acquired training intolerance described by these ATI athletes do not affect their maximal isometric and maximal aerobic capacity, and may be associated with psychologic depression in these athletes. Copyright © 2006 by Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	Aerobic; Depression; Exercise performance; Isometric	adult; aerobic capacity; anamnesis; article; athlete; Beck Depression Inventory; chronic fatigue syndrome; controlled study; daily life activity; depression; exercise intensity; exercise test; extensor muscle; female; heart rate; human; knee function; lactate blood level; male; muscle force; muscle isometric contraction; muscle strength; priority journal; rest; South Africa; sport; symptomatology; training; treadmill exercise; velocity; voluntary movement; Adult; Chronic Disease; Depression; Exercise Tolerance; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Weakness; Oxygen Consumption; Sports	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857395823	Multi point of care instrument evaluation for use in anti-retroviral clinics in South Africa	Gounden V., George J.	2012	Clinical Laboratory	58	42371	None	Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Gounden, V., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; George, J., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: South Africa has the largest prevalence of HIV infected individuals in the world. The introduction of point of care testing to anti-retroviral (ARV) clinic sites is hoped to fast track initiation of patients on ARVs and to allow for earlier recognition of adverse effects such as dyslipidaemia, renal and hepatic dysfunction. Methods: We evaluated six instruments for the following analytes: glucose, lactate, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), and glycated haemoglobin. Comparisons with the central laboratory analyser were performed as well as precision studies. A scoring system was developed by the authors to evaluate the instruments in terms of analytical performance, cost, ease of use, and other operational characteristics. As one of the goals of the placement of these instruments was that their operation was simple enough to be used by non-laboratory staff, ease of use contributed a large proportion to the final scoring. Results: Analytical performance of the POC analysers were generally similar, however, there were significant differences in operational characteristics and ease of use. Bias for the different analytes when compared to the laboratory analyser ranged from -27% to 14%. Calculated total errors for all analytes except for HDL cholesterol were within total allowable error recommendations. The two instruments (Roche Reflotron and Cholestech LDX) with the highest overall total points achieved the highest scores for ease of use. Conclusions: This pilot study has led to the development of a scoring system for the evaluation of POC instruments.	Anti-retroviral therapy; HIV; Point of care testing	alanine aminotransferase; cholesterol; creatinine; glucose; glycosylated hemoglobin; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; lactic acid; triacylglycerol; alanine aminotransferase blood level; article; cholesterol blood level; comparative study; hospital; laboratory device; pilot study; point of care testing; scoring system; South Africa; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Drug Toxicity; Drug-Induced Liver Injury; Dyslipidemias; HIV Infections; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Pilot Projects; Point-of-Care Systems; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847627864	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in Burkina Faso: Impact on plasma fasting homocysteine and after methionine loading test	Angius A., Simpore J., Persico I., Sassu A., Prodi D.A., Musumeci S.	2007	Clinical Laboratory	53	42371	None	Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy; Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa	Angius, A., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Simpore, J., Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Persico, I., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Sassu, A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Prodi, D.A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Musumeci, S., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy	In Burkina Faso the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are lower and the methionine loading tests suggest a more effective Hcy metabolism. The polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) showed a relevant difference in the allele frequencies of T MTHFR-677 in young and in old subjects, while the allele frequency of C MTHFR-1298 was comparable in young and old subjects. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of the MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma fasting Hcy and after methionine loading in Burkina Faso. The young subjects with CC MTHFR-677 genotype had levels of Hey significantly lower than CT and TT subjects. The level of Hcy in subjects who had AA, AC and CC MTHFR-1298 genotypes were comparable. The levels of Hcy after the methionine loading test were significantly higher in CT and TT MTHFR-677 genotype. These results suggest that the genetic situation in Burkina Faso is different from that of other Western countries and this guarantees the maintenance of lower plasma levels of Hcy in young and old Africans. The elevated levels of plasma Hcy in old subjects compared to young subjects, against the IoNN prevalence of the T allele in elderly subjects, is discussed.	A298C; Burkina Faso; C677T; Homocysteine; Methionine loading test; MTHFR	5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2); homocysteine; methionine; adult; age distribution; aged; amino acid metabolism; article; Burkina Faso; controlled study; diet restriction; female; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; human; loading test; male; Negro; population genetics; prevalence; protein blood level; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Burkina Faso; Fasting; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750474426	Multicenter evaluation of a new 4th generation HIV screening assay elecsys HIV combi	Weber B., Orazi B., Raineri A., Thorstensson R., Bürgisser P., Mühlbacher A., Areal C., Eiras A., Villaescusa R., Camacho R., Diogo I., Roth H.-J., Zahn I., Bartel J., Bossi V., Piro F., Atamasirikul K., Permpikul P., Webber L., Singh S.	2006	Clinical Laboratory	52	42623	None	Universitätskliniken Frankfurt/Main, Institut für Med. Virologie, Zentrum f. Hygiene Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Laboratoires Reunis, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Centro Immunotrasfusionale Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm-Solna, Sweden; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Departement de Medecine Interne, Division d'Immunologie et Allergie, Laussane, Switzerland; Universitätsinstitut für Blutgruppenserologie und Transfusionsmedizin der PMU, Salzburg, Austria; Centro de Transfusión de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Hospital Egas Moniz, Virology Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal; Limbach Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Laboratorio di Virologia e Microbiologia, Turin, Italy; Ramithibodi Hospital, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Hospital, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Weber, B., Universitätskliniken Frankfurt/Main, Institut für Med. Virologie, Zentrum f. Hygiene Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, Laboratoires Reunis, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; Orazi, B., Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Centro Immunotrasfusionale Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy; Raineri, A., Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Centro Immunotrasfusionale Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy; Thorstensson, R., Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm-Solna, Sweden; Bürgisser, P., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Departement de Medecine Interne, Division d'Immunologie et Allergie, Laussane, Switzerland; Mühlbacher, A., Universitätsinstitut für Blutgruppenserologie und Transfusionsmedizin der PMU, Salzburg, Austria; Areal, C., Centro de Transfusión de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Eiras, A., Centro de Transfusión de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Villaescusa, R., Centro de Transfusión de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Camacho, R., Hospital Egas Moniz, Virology Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal; Diogo, I., Hospital Egas Moniz, Virology Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal; Roth, H.-J., Limbach Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Zahn, I., Limbach Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Bartel, J., Limbach Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Bossi, V., Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Laboratorio di Virologia e Microbiologia, Turin, Italy; Piro, F., Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Laboratorio di Virologia e Microbiologia, Turin, Italy; Atamasirikul, K., Ramithibodi Hospital, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Permpikul, P., Siriraj Hospital, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Webber, L., Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Singh, S., Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Fourth-generation screening assays which permit a simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen and antibody reduce the diagnostic window on average by four days in comparison to third-generation antibody assays. Recently, the new automated Elecsys® HIV combi was compared in a multicenter study to alternative fourth- and third-generation assays, p24 antigen test and HIV-1 RNA RT-PCR. A total of 104 serocon-version panels, samples of the acute phase of infection after seroconversion (n = 33), anti-H1V-1 positive specimens (n = 572) from patients in different stages of the disease, 535 subtyped samples from different geographical locations, including group M (subtypes A-J) and group O, anti-HIV-2 positive sera (n = 364), dilutions of cell culture supernatants (n = 60) infected with different HTV-1 subtypes, selected performance panels, 8406 unselected samples from blood donors originating from different blood transfusion centers, 3810 unselected sera from daily routine and from hospitalized patients, 9927 unselected samples from South Africa and 1943 potentially interfering samples were tested with the Elecsys® HIV combi. Elecsys® HIV combi showed a comparable sensitivity to HIV-1 Ag stand-alone assays for early detection of HTV infection in seroconversion panels. The mean time delay of Elecsys® HIV combi (last negative sample + 1 day) in comparison to HIV-1 RT-PCR for 92 panels tested with both methods was 3.23 days. The diagnostic window was reduced with Elecsys® HIV combi between 1.56 and 5.32 days in comparison to third-generation assays. The specificity of Elecsys® HIV combi in blood donors was 99.80% after repeated testing. Our results show that a fourth-generation assay with improved specificity and sensitivity like the Elecsys® HIV combi is suitable for blood donor screening due to its low number of false positives and since it detects HIV p24 antigen with a comparable sensitivity to single antigen assays.	Combined antigen and antibody detection; Genetic variability; HIV; HIV-1 RNA; HIV-1 subtypes; Seroconversion	Gag protein; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; virus RNA; antigen detection; article; blood donor; blood transfusion; cell culture; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic kit; dilution; disease course; donor selection; false positive result; geographic distribution; health care facility; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; laboratory automation; major clinical study; multicenter study; nonhuman; performance; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; screening test; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; seroconversion; South Africa; supernatant; virus detection; Early Diagnosis; HIV Antibodies; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Immunoassay; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; Sensitivity and Specificity; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930526201	The impact of vitamin D on the innate immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli during pregnancy	Ramos N.L., Sekikubo M., Kironde F., Mirembe F., Sääf M., Brauner A.	2015	Clinical Microbiology and Infection	21	5	10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.010	Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden	Ramos, N.L., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Sekikubo, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kironde, F., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mirembe, F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sääf, M., Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Brauner, A., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Urinary tract infections are highly common during pregnancy, and can cause serious complications for the mother and baby. Vitamin D, predominantly obtained from the sunlight, is known to have an effect on the urothelium, with immunomodulatory capacity against Escherichia coli infection. However, its influence at this site remains to be further explored. This study therefore investigated its impact during pregnancy in a population of women who have the possibility of adequate year-round sun exposure. Serum from pregnant Ugandan women (n=32) in each trimester of pregnancy, from women after delivery (n=29) and from never-pregnant controls (n=25) was collected. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2, interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble CD14 serum concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay or ELISA. The ability of serum to inhibit E.coli growth was tested. The immunomodulatory capacities of these serum samples and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<inf>3</inf> were investigated in urothelial cells. Increases in 25-OHD and LL-37 levels were observed as pregnancy progressed, peaking in the third trimester. Serum 25-OHD levels were higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae, and correlated positively with maternal age. IL-8 levels were lower in the third trimester than in the first trimester, increased after delivery, but remained below those of never-pregnant women. Similarly, soluble CD14 concentrations increased after delivery. As gestation advanced, serum had an increased capacity to inhibit E.coli growth. Invitro, it modulated the IL-8 response to infection in a vitamin D concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that increasing vitamin D levels as pregnancy advances modulate the innate immune system towards a protective response to infection. © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.	25-hydroxyvitamin D; Escherichia coli; Interleukin-8; LL-37; Pregnancy; Urinary tract infection	25 hydroxyvitamin D; beta defensin 2; calcitriol; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL 37; CD14 antigen; interleukin 8; vitamin D; adult; Article; bacterial growth; bladder epithelium; blood level; chemoluminescence; clinical article; controlled study; delivery; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; first trimester pregnancy; growth inhibition; human; human cell; immunomodulation; in vitro study; innate immunity; maternal age; multigravida; nonhuman; pregnancy; primigravida; priority journal; sun exposure; third trimester pregnancy; Ugandan; uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644760409	Evaluation of the use of RT-PCR for the early diagnosis of dengue fever	Grobusch M.P., Niedrig M., Göbels K., Klipstein-Grobusch K., Teichmann D.	2006	Clinical Microbiology and Infection	12	4	10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01353.x	Medical Clinic, Department of Infectious Diseases, Humboldt University, Humboldt, Germany; Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, DIfE, Nuthetal, Germany; Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2196 Johannesburg, South Africa	Grobusch, M.P., Medical Clinic, Department of Infectious Diseases, Humboldt University, Humboldt, Germany, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2196 Johannesburg, South Africa; Niedrig, M., Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Göbels, K., Medical Clinic, Department of Infectious Diseases, Humboldt University, Humboldt, Germany; Klipstein-Grobusch, K., German Institute of Human Nutrition, DIfE, Nuthetal, Germany; Teichmann, D., Medical Clinic, Department of Infectious Diseases, Humboldt University, Humboldt, Germany	RT-PCR was used to diagnose dengue virus infections confirmed serologically in 26 returning travellers. RT-PCR was positive for three (75%) of four samples taken on or before day 3 of the illness, for 15 (78.9%) of 19 samples taken between days 4 and 7, and for none of three samples tested on or after day 8 (p 0.0337). When applied early, RT-PCR seems to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of dengue fever. © 2006 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.	Dengue fever; Diagnosis; RT-PCR; Sampling time; Sensitivity	immunoglobulin M; monoclonal antibody; virus antigen; adult; antigen detection; article; clinical article; controlled study; dengue; disease course; early diagnosis; female; human; immunofluorescence test; laboratory diagnosis; male; priority journal; quantitative analysis; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; serodiagnosis; strain difference; travel; virus detection; virus isolation; Adolescent; Adult; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; Dengue virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871439914	Neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension related to sensorimotor monitoring as shown by corticomuscular coherence	Divekar N.V., John L.R.	2013	Clinical Neurophysiology	124	1	10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.019	MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Divekar, N.V., MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; John, L.R., MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Objective: To investigate the effects of neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension movements, on their corticomuscular coherence (CMC) levels. Methods: CMC was calculated between simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) measures from fifteen healthy subjects who performed 10 repetitions of alternating isometric wrist flexion and extension tasks at 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque levels. Task precision was calculated from torque recordings. Subjects rated the perceived difficulty levels for both tasks. Results: Flexors had significantly lower; peak beta CMC, peak frequency, frequency width, normalised EMG beta power, torque fluctuation (<5. Hz and beta band) and perceived difficulty ratings; but higher MVC and precision compared to extensors. EEG alpha and beta powers were non-different between flexion and extension. Conclusions: An inverse relationship between CMC and motor precision was found in our inter-muscle study, contrary to the direct relationship found in a prior intra-muscle study. Functional suitability, long term usage adaptation and lower perceived difficulty of wrist flexion may explain the results. Significance: We extend the CMC literature to include the clinically different, antagonistic wrist flexors and extensors and add to the debate relating CMC and motor precision by positing the confounding effect of perceived difficulty. © 2012 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.	Corticomuscular coherence; Perceived difficulty; Precision; Wrist extension; Wrist flexion	accuracy; adult; article; behavior; calculation; corticomuscular coherence; electroencephalography; electromyography; human; human experiment; isometrics; joint function; male; muscle contraction; nervous system parameters; neurophysiology; normal human; perception; priority journal; torque; wrist; Adult; Alpha Rhythm; Behavior; Beta Rhythm; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Forearm; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Perception; Psychomotor Performance; Wrist; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884196117	Evaluation of community eye outreach programs for early glaucoma detection in Nigeria	Olawoye O., Fawole O.I., Teng C.C., Ritch R.	2013	Clinical Ophthalmology	7	None	10.2147/OPTH.S46823	Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria and College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology, Medical Statistics and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nig	Olawoye, O., Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria and College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fawole, O.I., Department of Epidemiology, Medical Statistics and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Teng, C.C., Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, Einhorn Clinical Research Center, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, United States, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States; Ritch, R., Einhorn Clinical Research Center, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, United States, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States	Purpose: To evaluate the relevance of community eye outreach programs in the early detection of glaucoma patients in southwest Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study that was conducted among glaucoma patients referred to the eye clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, between January 2009 and December 2010 from different sources, including community eye outreach programs. The source of referral, stage of glaucoma, and visual field were recorded. Results: Six hundred and fifty-three patients were studied during this period. The mean age was 56.3 years ± 16.6 years, with a median age of 60 years. Patients referred from eye outreach programs were more likely to have mild to moderate disease than patients referred from other sources, who were more likely to have severe disease according to both the optic nerve head assessment (P < 0.01, Pearson's Chi-square = 10.67, odds ratio = 1.7 [confidence interval = 1.23-2.31]) and visual field assessment (24-2) (P < 0.01, Pearson's Chi-square = 6.07, odds ratio = 1.5 [confidence interval = 1.08-2.03]). Conclusion: Community eye outreach programs appear highly useful in the earlier detection of glaucoma in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2013 Olawoye et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Community eye outreach; Early glaucoma detection; Glaucoma awareness; Nigeria glaucoma detection; Sub-saharan africa	adult; Africa south of the Sahara; applanation tonometer; article; community care; cross-sectional study; disease severity; early diagnosis; female; gonioscopy; health program; human; intraocular pressure; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; open angle glaucoma; optic nerve; retrospective study; slit lamp; visual acuity; visual field; visual field defect	None
None	None	CYP3A5 genotype has an impact on the metabolism of the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir	Josephson F., Allqvist A., Janabi M., Sayi J., Aklillu E., Jande M., Mahindi M., Burhenne J., Bottiger Y., Gustafsson L.L., Haefeli W.E., Bertilsson L.	2007	Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics	81	5	10.1038/sj.clpt.6100117	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili College of Health Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili College of Health Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany	Josephson, F., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Allqvist, A., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Janabi, M., Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili College of Health Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Sayi, J., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili College of Health Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Aklillu, E., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jande, M., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili College of Health Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Mahindi, M., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Burhenne, J., Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Bottiger, Y., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Gustafsson, L.L., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Haefeli, W.E., Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Bertilsson, L., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden	CYP3A is the main enzyme subfamily involved in the metabolism of the HIV protease-inhibitor saquinavir. We hypothesized that individuals homozygous for CYP3A5*1 might have a higher oral clearance of saquinavir, compared with subjects lacking functional CYP3A5 alleles. A single-dose pharmacokinetic trial of saquinavir soft gel capsules, 1,200 mg, was performed in 16 black Tanzanian healthy volunteers with two functional CYP3A5 alleles (*1/*1) and in 18 volunteers without functional CYP3A5 alleles (both alleles being either *3, *6, or *7). The median area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)0-24 reached among subjects with two functional alleles was 1,410 ng h/ml (interquartile range (IQR) 826-1,929), whereas it was 2,138 ng h/ml (IQR 1,380-3,331) in subjects without (P=0.0533, Mann-Whitney U-test). The median ratio of saquinavir over its M2 plus M3 hydroxy metabolites in urine was 64 (IQR 52-73) in subjects with two functional alleles, whereas it was 145 (IQR 89-181) in those without (P=0.000078, Mann-Whitney U-test). In conclusion, saquinavir is metabolized by CYP3A5. The median AUC0-24 for saquinavir among individuals with two functional CYP3A5 alleles was 34% lower than among those with no functional alleles. To clarify the clinical importance of the CYP3A5 polymorphism, further studies should be conducted on saquinavir, dosed to steady state, in the presence of ritonavir boosting.	None	cytochrome P450 3A5; ritonavir; saquinavir; adult; allele; area under the curve; article; clinical article; controlled study; drug clearance; drug formulation; drug metabolism; female; genetic polymorphism; genotype; human; male; metabolite; normal human; priority journal; rank sum test; single drug dose; steady state; Tanzania; time; Adult; Alleles; Area Under Curve; Capsules; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Endpoint Determination; Female; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxylation; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saquinavir	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249092869	Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Setswana-speaking South Africans	Keyes C.L.M., Wissing M., Potgieter J.P., Temane M., Kruger A., van Rooy S.	2008	Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy	15	3	10.1002/cpp.572	Emory University, Department of Sociology, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; North-West University, South Africa	Keyes, C.L.M., Emory University, Department of Sociology, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Wissing, M., North-West University, South Africa; Potgieter, J.P., North-West University, South Africa; Temane, M., North-West University, South Africa; Kruger, A., North-West University, South Africa; van Rooy, S., North-West University, South Africa	A continuous assessment and a categorical diagnosis of the presence of mental health, described as flourishing, and the absence of mental health, characterized as languishing, is applied to a random sample of 1050 Setswana-speaking adults in the Northwest province of South Africa. Factor analysis revealed that the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) replicated the three-factor structure of emotional, psychological and social well-being found in US samples. The internal reliability of the overall MHC-SF Scale was 0.74. The total score on the MHC-SF correlated 0.52 with a measure of positive affect, between 0.35 and 0.40 with measures of generalized self-efficacy and satisfaction with life, and between 0.30 and 0.35 with measures of coping strategies, sense of coherence, and community collective self-efficacy. The total score on the MHC-SF correlated -0.22. with the total score on the General Health Questionnaire. Criteria for the categorical diagnosis were applied, and findings revealed that 20% were flourishing, 67.8% were moderately mentally healthy, and 12.2% were languishing. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized two-continua model of mental health and mental illness found in the USA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adult; affect; aged; article; controlled study; coping behavior; correlation analysis; cultural factor; emotionality; factorial analysis; female; General Health Questionnaire; human; language ability; life satisfaction; major clinical study; male; mental disease; mental health; Mental Health Continuum Short Form; priority journal; psychological well being; psychometry; reliability; self concept; social aspect; South Africa; United States; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Health Status Indicators; Health Surveys; Humans; Internal-External Control; Language; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Rural Population; Self Efficacy; South Africa; Translating; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926418984	Derivation, validation and comparative performance of a simplified chest X-ray score for assessing the severity and outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis	Pefura-Yone E.W., Kuaban C., Assamba-Mpom S.A., Moifo B., Kengne A.P.	2015	Clinical Respiratory Journal	9	2	10.1111/crj.12112	Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon; Pneumology Service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon; Medicine Service, Bertoua Regional Hospital, Bertoua, Cameroon; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Pefura-Yone, E.W., Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon, Pneumology Service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kuaban, C., Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon, Pneumology Service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon; Assamba-Mpom, S.A., Medicine Service, Bertoua Regional Hospital, Bertoua, Cameroon; Moifo, B., Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kengne, A.P., Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: To derive and validate against the Ralph etal. score, a simplified chest X-ray (CXR) score (SCS) for predicting the outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPTB) among patients with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: CXR for 636 SPPTB patients (377 men, median age 31 years) from the Yaounde Jamot Hospital (Cameroon) were examined for the presence of tuberculosis lesions, and estimation of the proportion of lungs affected. SPPTB's evolution was based on sputum smear examination after 2 months of treatments. Logistic regressions were used to derive the SCS with internal validation via bootstrap resampling. Receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) analyses were used to validate, determine of the optimal cut-offs and compare models' performance. Results: HIV co-infection was present in 191 (30%) patients. Sputum smear non-conversion was found in 45 (7.1) patients after 2 months of treatment. The SCS was expressed as proportion of lung affected plus 23 if cavitation is present. The AUC (95% confidence interval) was 0.718 (0.640-0.795), with little variation in bootstrap validation, and no sizable difference from the Ralph etal. model [0.714 (0.633-0.7860), P=0.717 for the difference). Both models had good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P≥0.183). The optimal cut-off for predicting non-conversion of the sputum at 2 months was 52 for the SCS (sensitivity/specificity 66.7%/62.8%) and 74.5 (62.2%/74.3%) with Ralph etal. score. Conclusions: The outcome of SPPTB among patients with high prevalence of HIV can acceptably be predicted by simple scores comprising baseline CXR variables, including the Ralph etal. score and the SCS from this study. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Calibration; Chest X-ray; Discrimination; Prediction; Pulmonary tuberculosis	ethambutol; isoniazid; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; adult; area under the curve; Article; chest x ray score; clinical assessment; comparative study; controlled study; disease severity; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung examination; lung parenchyma; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; molecular evolution; outcome assessment; prevalence; priority journal; receiver operating characteristic; scoring system; sensitivity and specificity; smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis; smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis; sputum analysis; sputum smear; thorax radiography; treatment duration; validation study; Cameroon; cohort analysis; complication; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; microbiology; predictive value; reproducibility; severity of illness index; sputum; statistical model; treatment outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; young adult; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cameroon; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiography, Thoracic; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Sputum; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250327238	The impact of helminths on the response to immunization and on the incidence of infection and disease in childhood in Uganda: Design of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial trial of deworming interventions delivered in pregnancy and e	Elliott A.M., Kizza M., Quigley M.A., Ndibazza J., Nampijja M., Muhangi L., Morison L., Namujju P.B., Muwanga M., Kabatereine N., Whitwortha J.A.G.	2007	Clinical Trials	4	1	10.1177/1740774506075248	Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford University, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Entebbe Hospital, Entebbe, Uganda; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda	Elliott, A.M., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kizza, M., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Quigley, M.A., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford University, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Ndibazza, J., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Nampijja, M., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Muhangi, L., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Morison, L., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Namujju, P.B., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Muwanga, M., Entebbe Hospital, Entebbe, Uganda; Kabatereine, N., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Whitwortha, J.A.G., Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Helminths have profound effects on the immune response, allowing long-term survival of parasites with minimal damage to the host. Some of these effects "spill-over", altering responses to non-helminth antigens or allergens. It is suggested that this may lead to impaired responses to immunizations and infections, while conferring benefits against inflammatory responses in allergic and autoimmune disease. These effects might develop in utero, through exposure to maternal helminth infections, or through direct exposure in later life. Purpose: To determine the effects of helminths and their treatment in pregnancy and in young children on immunological and disease outcomes in childhood. Methods: The trial has three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventions at two times, in two people: a pregnant woman and her child. Pregnant women are randomized to albendazole or placebo and praziquantel or placebo. At age 15 months their children are randomized to three-monthly albendazole or placebo, to continue to age five years. The proposed designation for this sequence of interventions is a 2 × 2(×2) factorial design. Children are immunized with BCG and against polio, Diphtheria, tetanus, Pertussis, Haemophilus, hepatitis B and measles. Primary immunological outcomes are responses to BCG antigens and tetanus toxoid in whole blood cytokine assays and antibody assays at one, three and five years of age. Primary disease outcomes are incidence of malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, tuberculosis, measles, vertical HIV transmission, and atopic disease episodes, measured at clinic visits and twice-monthly home visits. Effects on anaemia, growth and intellectual development are also assessed. Conclusion: This trial, with a novel design comprising related interventions in pregnant women and their offspring, is the first to examine effects of helminths and their treatment in pregnancy and early childhood on immunological, infectious disease and allergic disease outcomes. The results will enhance understanding of both detrimental and beneficial effects of helminth infection and inform policy. © Society for Clinical Trials 2007.	None	albendazole; BCG vaccine; cytokine; diphtheria pertussis poliomyelitis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type b hepatitis B vaccine; measles vaccine; placebo; praziquantel; antiparasitic agent; anemia; article; atopy; child growth; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; double blind procedure; drug efficacy; factorial analysis; female; helminthiasis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; immunization; immunoassay; infant; infection rate; informed consent; major clinical study; malaria; mental development; outcome assessment; pregnant woman; preschool child; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; research ethics; sample size; single drug dose; tuberculosis; animal; child; helminth; immunology; incidence; male; methodology; parasitology; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; Uganda; Albendazole; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Child; Double-Blind Method; Female; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Humans; Immunization; Incidence; Male; Praziquantel; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research Design; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907667549	Budget impact analysis of antiretroviral less drug regimen simplification in HIV-positive patients on the Italian National Health Service	Restelli U., Andreoni M., Antinori A., Bonfanti M., Di Perri G., Galli M., Lazzarin A., Rizzardini G., Croce D.	2014	ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research	6	None	10.2147/CEOR.S68101	Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centro di Ricerca in Economia e Management in Sanità e nel Sociale (CREMS), Università Carlo Cattaneo - LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University (PTV), Rome, Italy; Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy; Third Division of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; First and Second Divisions of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Restelli, U., Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centro di Ricerca in Economia e Management in Sanità e nel Sociale (CREMS), Università Carlo Cattaneo - LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Andreoni, M., Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University (PTV), Rome, Italy; Antinori, A., Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy; Bonfanti, M., Centro di Ricerca in Economia e Management in Sanità e nel Sociale (CREMS), Università Carlo Cattaneo - LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Di Perri, G., Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy; Galli, M., Third Division of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, Milan, Italy; Lazzarin, A., Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Rizzardini, G., First and Second Divisions of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, Milan, Italy; Croce, D., Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centro di Ricerca in Economia e Management in Sanità e nel Sociale (CREMS), Università Carlo Cattaneo - LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Deintensification and less drug regimen (LDR) antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies have proved to be effective in terms of maintaining viral suppression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, increasing tolerability, and reducing toxicity of antiretroviral drugs administered to patients. However, the economic impact of these strategies have not been widely investigated. The aim of the study is to evaluate the economic impact that ART LDR could have on the Italian National Health Service (INHS) budget.Methods: A budget impact model was structured to assess the potential savings for the INHS by the use of ART LDR for HIV-positive patients with a 3 year perspective. Data concerning ART cost, patient distribution within different ARTs, and probabilities for patients to change ART on a yearly basis were collected within four Italian infectious diseases departments, providing ART to 13.7% of the total number of patients receiving ART in Italy.Conclusion: ART LDR simplification would have a significant impact in the reduction of ART-related costs within the hospitals involved in the study. These strategies could therefore be addressed as a sustainable answer to the public financing reduction observed within the INHS in the last year, allowing therapies to be dispensed without affecting the quality of the services provided.Results: The LDR investigated (protease inhibitor-based dual and monotherapies) led to savings for the hospitals involved when compared to the “do nothing” scenario on a 3 year basis, between 6.7% (23.11 million €) and 12.8% (44.32 million €) of the total ART expenditures. The mean yearly cost per patient is reduced from 9,875 € in the do nothing scenario to a range between 9,218 € and 8,615 €. The use of these strategies within the four departments involved would have led to a reduction of ART expenditures for the INHS of between 1.1% and 2.1% in 3 years. © 2014 Restelli et al.	Antiretroviral therapy; Budget impact model; Cost; Dual therapy; Italy; Monotherapy	antiretrovirus agent; atazanavir; darunavir; efavirenz; emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; ritonavir; antiretroviral therapy less drug regimen; Article; budget; drug cost; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Italian National Health Service; Italy; medication compliance; national health service; nonhuman	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907167089	The Role of Information Exposure in Female University Students’ Evaluation and Selection of Eco-Friendly Apparel in the South African Emerging Economy	Sonnenberg N., Jacobs B., Momberg D.	2014	Clothing and Textiles Research Journal	32	4	10.1177/0887302X14541542	Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Sonnenberg, N., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Jacobs, B., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Momberg, D., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Increasing consumption in the South African emerging economy necessitates stringent effort toward developing environmental information campaigns that stimulate preferences for eco-friendly alternatives. This qualitative study explores the role of exposure to information about the environmental impact of the apparel supply chain in female students' evaluation and selection of apparel. Based on the outcome of garment selection exercises and focus group discussions, participants were not swayed by exposure to hang tags, audio-visual or printed information sources to prioritize eco-friendly features in their choice of product, nor were they willing to compromise on attributes such as price for the sake of the environment. Participants' recommendations include standardized eco-labels to facilitate identification of eco-friendly alternatives and message content that is short, precise and factual. Interpersonal communication could represent an influential source of information and merits further investigation into the relevance of normative social influence on pro-environmental apparel behavior in the South African emerging economy. © The Author(s) 2014.	advertisement; apparel industry; consumer behavior; environment; green products; information; information processing; marketing; mass media; search; sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947908564	Impact of Antidepressant Drugs on Sexual Function and Satisfaction	Baldwin D.S., Manson C., Nowak M.	2015	CNS Drugs	29	11	10.1007/s40263-015-0294-3	Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China; University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom	Baldwin, D.S., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa, University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China, University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom; Manson, C., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Nowak, M., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	Pleasurable sexual activity is important in many human relationships and can provide a sense of physical, emotional and social well-being. Depressive symptoms and depressive illness are associated with impairments in sexual function and sexual dissatisfaction in untreated and treated patients. Most currently available antidepressant drugs are associated with development or worsening of sexual dysfunction in a substantial proportion of patients. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment often resolve as depression lifts, but can persist over long periods, reducing self-esteem and affecting mood and relationships adversely. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment typically have many possible causes but the incidence and nature of dysfunction varies between drugs. Many interventions can be considered when managing sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants but no approach is 'ideal'. Because treatment-emergent sexual difficulties are less frequent with certain drugs, presumably related to differences in pharmacological properties, and since current interventions are suboptimal, a lower incidence of sexual dysfunction is a relevant tolerability target when developing novel antidepressants. © 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	None	agomelatine; amfebutamone; amineptine; antidepressant agent; aripiprazole; clomipramine; dapoxetine; escitalopram; fluoxetine; fluvoxamine; lithium; mirtazapine; moclobemide; nefazodone; olanzapine; paroxetine; phosphodiesterase V inhibitor; placebo; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sertraline; sildenafil; tadalafil; testosterone; trazodone; unindexed drug; venlafaxine; vilazodone; vortioxetine; yohimbine; Article; clinical assessment; clinical trial (topic); depression; drug design; drug efficacy; drug induced headache; drug safety; drug tolerability; dyspepsia; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human; incidence; major depression; mental patient; priority journal; prospective study; psychopharmacotherapy; randomized controlled trial (topic); sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction; sexual function; sexual satisfaction; treatment outcome; treatment response; visual disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884242233	Perceived Diving Impacts and Management Implications at a Popular South African Reef	Lucrezi S., Saayman M., van Der Merwe P.	2013	Coastal Management	41	5	10.1080/08920753.2013.822278	TREES-Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North-West, South Africa	Lucrezi, S., TREES-Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North-West, South Africa; Saayman, M., TREES-Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North-West, South Africa; van Der Merwe, P., TREES-Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North-West, South Africa	Coral reefs are threatened by impacts such as from scuba diving, and ongoing research is required to assess diving impacts, diver behavior and environmental knowledge. This study investigated perceived diving impacts, reef condition and norms among scuba divers at Sodwana Bay (South Africa). Divers viewed contact with coral as damaging, and perceived environmental degradation at dive sites. However, most divers saw activities such as photography as causing little or no damage to reefs. One meter or less was believed to be a safe distance from the reef or the wildlife to avoid contact or disturbance, and encounter norms were high. Age and experience influenced most perceptions, although cannot be accepted as reliable indicators of divers' perceptions or behavior, due to the heterogeneous conduct of divers of various experience and age as described in literature. The importance of human perceptions to understand what strategies need implementation in diving management is discussed. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	coral reefs; impacts; management; perceptions; scuba diving	Coral reef; Environmental knowledge; Human perception; impacts; Management implications; Management IS; Safe distance; Scuba diving; Coastal engineering; Management; Sensory perception; Reefs; coastal zone management; coral reef; environmental degradation; perception; scuba diving; KwaZulu-Natal; Sodwana Bay; South Africa	NSF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925503480	Task disengagement and implications for vigilance performance in CCTV surveillance	Donald F.M., Donald C.H.M.	2014	Cognition, Technology and Work	17	1	10.1007/s10111-014-0309-8	University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia; Leaderware, Sandton, South Africa	Donald, F.M., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Donald, C.H.M., Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia, Leaderware, Sandton, South Africa	This research examines the relationship between behavioural indicators of task disengagement and vigilance performance for closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance operators and novices in a proactive real-world detection task. Seventy-three participants (42 CCTV operators and 31 novices) performed a 90-min CCTV video surveillance task based on asset protection footage in a heavy industry. The study showed a range of individualised responses in managing attention resources in order to deal with vigilance demands. Alternating fluctuations between task engagement and disengagement were found for the majority of participants, indicating efforts to manage attention resources and cope with vigilance demands. Almost a quarter of the sample disengaged during the first 30 min, but a third showed no behavioural indicators of disengagement during the task. Different results were obtained for participants with different types of work exposure (novices and operators from either ‘generalist’ or ‘specialist’ CCTV surveillance operations). Task disengagement was associated with lower detection rates. The implications of task engagement theory and behavioural indictors of task disengagement for the measurement and management of vigilance performance are discussed. © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Closed-circuit television (CCTV); Monitoring; Operator performance; Task disengagement; Vigilance	Monitoring; CCTV surveillance; Closed-circuit television (CCTV); Heavy industries; Operator performance; Task disengagement; Video surveillance; Vigilance; Vigilance performance; Security systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951691514	The impact of upgrading roads on the conservation of the threatened flightless dung beetle, Circellum bacchus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)	Hayward M.W., Hayward G.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2010	Coleopterists Bulletin	64	1	10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.75	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Hayward, M.W., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa; Hayward, G.J., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa	The flightless dung beetle Circellum bacchus (Fabricius, 1781) is a unique, ectothermic dung beetle that is of conservation concern due to a massive decline in its distribution. Very little is known about its conservation ecology and the upgrade of roads in one of its last strongholds, South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park, led to concerns that road kill was threatening the population because drivers could not see the beetles due to their similar colour as the upgraded roads. We tested whether the upgraded, black, tar roads led to more road kills than the original sandy-red, gravel roads using counts of live and dead beetles along transects through similar habitats of the park. There was no significant difference between the number of live and dead dung beetles on the tar or gravel roads illustrating that the infrastructure improvements themselves are not threatening the persistence of the species. The high levels of vehicle-derived mortality along roads, however, suggest that road kills may be a threatening process with potentially 100,000 C. bacchus killed on roads annually (although 45,000 is a more conservative estimate). Further research is needed to ascertain whether this off-take is sustainable and to formulate mitigation measures.	Addo Elephant National Park; Invertebrate conservation; Road ecology; Road kill; Threatening processes	anthropogenic effect; beetle; ectothermy; flightlessness; habitat conservation; national park; population decline; species conservation; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Coleoptera; Invertebrata; Scarabaeidae	None
WoS	WOS:000293382500007	A 3-year Cohort Study to Assess the Impact of an Integrated Food- and Livelihood-based Model on Undernutrition in Rural Western Kenya	Amoroso, L,Diru, W.,Fanzo, J.,Kim, D.,Lelerai, E.,Masira, J.,Muniz, M.,Mutuo, P.,Negin, J.,Nemser, B.,Palm, C.,Pronyk, P. M.,Remans, R.,Sachs, J. D.,Sachs, S. Ehrlich,Sanchez, P.,THOMPSON, B,Wariero, J.	2011	COMBATING MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES: FOOD-BASED APPROACHES	None	None	None	Columbia University, KU Leuven, University of Sydney, Biovers Int	"Kim, D.: Columbia University","Negin, J.: University of Sydney","Pronyk, P. M.: Columbia University","Remans, R.: KU Leuven","Sanchez, P.: Columbia University",	Reducing extreme poverty and hunger is the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG). With undernutrition contributing to one third of all child deaths, improving nutrition is a precondition for accelerating progress towards other MDG targets. While the role of technical interventions such as micronutrient fortification and supplementation in reducing morbidity and mortality has been well documented, evidence to support more comprehensive multi-sectoral approaches remains inconclusive. This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of an integrated food- and livelihood-based model on nutrition-related outcomes in rural western Kenya. A 3-year prospective cohort study was undertaken among 300 randomly selected wealth-stratified households. Detailed socio-economic and health surveys were conducted. A nutrition module assessed household levels of food security, food consumption frequency and diet diversity. This was complemented by anthropometric measurement and assessments of serum levels of vitamin A among children under 5 years old. The average food insecurity score decreased from 5.21 at baseline to 4.13 at follow-up (P &lt; 0.0001). Average diet diversity scores for daily, weekly and monthly time periods increased from 6.7 to 7.3; from 10.7 to 11.2; and from 12.4 to 12.6, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Daily consumption for 14 out of 16 food groups increased significantly. For children under 2 years of age, underweight and stunting decreased from 26.2% to 3.9% (P = 0.002) and from 62.3% to 38.3% (P = 0.014), respectively. Vitamin A deficiency as measured by serum vitamin A levels decreased from 70.0% to 33.3% (P = 0.007) for children under 5 years old. This study presents encouraging evidence that a multi-sectoral food- and livelihood-based model can improve diet quality, enhance food security and positively affect childhood nutritional outcomes. The wider application of this approach to a diversity of agro-ecological zones in sub-Saharan Africa is currently being assessed.	"diet diversity",Food-based,"FOOD SECURITY",multi-sectoral,STUNTING,"VITAMIN A","CHILD UNDERNUTRITION","DIETARY DIVERSITY",GROWTH,HEALTH,INTERVENTIONS,OPPORTUNITY,"VITAMIN-A INTAKE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880044301	Legal education in Nigeria: An evaluation of the recruitment practice for the teaching of law as a career	Ajetunmobi A.	2013	Commonwealth Law Bulletin	39	2	10.1080/03050718.2013.804263	Department of Public and International Law, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Km 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Ajetunmobi, A., Department of Public and International Law, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Km 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	This article makes a critical assessment of legal education in Nigeria, focusing on the standard of hiring for the teaching of law as a career in the country. Legal academics are hired based upon an accreditation standard that requires a vocational qualification determined through a call to the Nigerian Bar. The article argues that making a vocational qualification a criterion for academic appointment - apart from other achievements demonstrated through higher law degrees - inhibits innovation in teaching and learning and needs to change. This change is premised on three reasons: the growth of interdisciplinary legal scholarship; the trend in the legal marketplace; and the correlation between a law faculty and a department of religion. And it concludes with some proposals to think about for a more scholarly approach towards the teaching of law within Nigerian academia. The aim of this article is to inform the essential dichotomy between legal scholarship and practice, and the transnational aspirations of legal academics, for those involved in the development of law teaching and study, as well as those concerned with educational policy and administration around the world. © 2013 Commonwealth Secretariat.	None	None	None
None	None	Yield performance and adaptation of four sorghum cultivars in Igunga and Nzega districts of Tanzania	Bucheyeki T.L., Shenkalwa E.M., Mapunda T.X., Matata L.W.	2010	Communications in Biometry and Crop Science	5	1	None	University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania	Bucheyeki, T.L., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Shenkalwa, E.M., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania; Mapunda, T.X., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania; Matata, L.W., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania	Sorghum plays a significant role for the smallholder farmers of Tanzania. It is the chief source of food and income for majority of Tanzanians but yields are low and crop management lacking leading to smallholder food and income insecurity. An experiment was conducted in the Nzega and Igunga districts of Tabora to compare improved cultivars Tegemeo, Pato and Macia to the commonly used landrace Wilu for adaptation and yield, assess farmers' preferences, and assess the economic potential of improved sorghum cultivars. Cultivar performance was measured for three seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replications per location. Tegemeo out-yielded other cultivars and had high average yields (2580 kg ha -1). Wilu had the lowest yield (1460 kg ha -1) but had consistent yields across environments. Ninety farmers developed seven criteria for cultivars assessments. Results of the farmers' rankings indicated Tegemeo was the best cultivar and recommended it be grown in the area. An economic analysis indicated the potential of doubling sorghum grain yield from 1000 to 2000 kg ha -1 and income from 525,600 to 928,800 TSh ha -1. The combined statistical, farmers assessment and economic analysis showed changing order of importance of some cultivars which draws attention to breeders and policy makers on the importance of farmer's indigenous technical knowledge acknowledgement and participatory plant breeding in cultivars selection. © CBCS 2010.	Adaptation; Economic analysis; Farmer's assessment; Sorghum bicolour; Yield	None	None
WoS	WOS:000297893800023	Assessing the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings	Bhunu, C. P.,Mushayabasa, S.,Smith, Robert J.	2012	COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION	17	4	10.1016/j.cnsns.2011.08.024	University of Ottawa, University of Zimbabwe, National University of Science & Technology - Zimbabwe, Natl Univ Sci & Technol	"Bhunu, C. P.: University of Zimbabwe",	Prior studies have shown that imprisonment is a major risk factor for hepatitis C infection, with the risk of infection directly proportional to the length of incarceration. Women are at least twice as likely as men to contract HCV as they have limited access to information, health services and safe intravenous drug injecting equipments. We develop a mathematical model to assess the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings. Equilibria for the model are determined and their stability are examined. Population-level effects of increased educational campaigns to encourage safe injecting practices among women in prison are evaluated through numerical simulations. The results suggest that educating women prisoners about abstaining from intravenous drug misuse may significantly reduce HCV prevalence among women in prison settings. Targeted education campaigns, which are effective at stopping transmission of HCV more than 80% of the time, will be highly effective at controlling the disease among women in prisons. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	"educational campaigns",HCV,"reproductive number","SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS","women prisoners",ANTIBODIES,B-VIRUS,"DISEASE TRANSMISSION","HEPATITIS-C VIRUS",HIV,HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,INFECTION,MODELS,PREVALENCE,RISK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927178733	Impact of Different Systems of Manure Management on the Quality of Cow Dung	Ewusi-Mensah N., Logah V., Akrasi E.J.	2015	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	46	2	10.1080/00103624.2014.967854	Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Ewusi-Mensah, N., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Logah, V., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akrasi, E.J., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	The use of cow dung as a source of plant nutrients is widespread among many smallholder farmers in Ghana. The benefits of cow dung application in crop production depend on the amount, quality, nutrient-release patterns, and uptake by crops. Samples of cow dung from three main systems of manure management (free range, semi-intensive, and intensive) were collected from the Kumasi Metropolis in the semideciduous forest zone of Ghana and analyzed for nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium, (Mg), and ash contents. This research was undertaken to corroborate results of an earlier study in the interior savanna zone of Ghana, because manure quality is a function of its management (handling, storage, and transport), animal breed, and vegetation type (feed). Nitrogen content varied from 1.44 to 2.10% with the intensive system of management recording the greatest value. Phosphorus varied from 0.48% under free-range (field) system to 0.80% under the intensive system. The greatest and lowest total K values of 1.74% and 1.11% were respectively recorded under the intensive and free-range management systems. Generally, the study indicated there was relatively better manure quality under the intensive system than in the semi-intensive and free-range (field) systems. The cow dung collected under the various manure-management systems was then incubated in a laboratory study to assess their nutrient-release patterns. The results revealed that the manure under the intensive system mineralized ammonium N during the first 6 weeks of incubation with peak mineralization in the fourth week. Immobilization of nitrate N was observed from the second to the eighth week of incubation from cow dung under all the management systems. Total N [nitrate (NO<inf>3</inf> −) + ammonium (NH<inf>4</inf> +)] was immobilized under the free-range and semi-intensive management systems throughout the incubation period except in the first week. Peak net N mineralization was observed during the fourth week of incubation from cow dung under the intensive system of manure management. Results of the study suggested that total mineral N needs of crops might not be met entirely through application of cow dung to Ferric Acrisol due to immobilization during appreciable period of decomposition of the manure. ©, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Cow dung; immobilization; manure management; mineralization; quality	Acrisol; agricultural management; ammonium; cattle; crop production; decomposition; immobilization; manure; mineralization; nitrate; savanna; smallholder; Ashanti; Ghana; Kumasi; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868142583	Impact of Cow Dung Manure on the Solubility of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Urban Garden Soils from Northern Nigeria	Akpa S.I., Agbenin J.O.	2012	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	43	21	10.1080/00103624.2012.719976	Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana	Akpa, S.I., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agbenin, J.O., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana	Maintaining the quality of groundwater is a major consideration when developing management practices to effectively use cow dung manure (CDM) as a nutrient source and soil conditioner in agricultural production systems. This study examines the effect of CDM on the solubility of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in urban garden fields from Kaduna under long-term vegetable production. Soil samples were collected from Kakau, Kakuri, Trikaniya, and Romi in Kaduna metropolis in northern Nigeria. Soil-manure mixtures at the rate of 100 g CDM kg-1 soil were incubated for 2 weeks and analyzed for exchangeable [0.1 M calcium chloride (CaCl2)-extractable], mobile [1 M ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)-extractable], and potentially labile [0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-extractable] copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Addition of CDM increased exchangeable Cu in Kakuri and Romi and exchangeable Pb in Kakau and Kakuri, but decreased exchangeable Zn across the sites. The addition of CDM increased mobile Cu and Pb in all the sites. Although there was a decrease in mobile Zn in Kakau and Romi after the soil-manure incubation period, mobile Zn increased in Trikaniya and Kakuri. Furthermore, CDM decreased potentially labile Cu, Pb, and Zn in all the sites except for Romi, which increased labile Cu. To sustain the quality of soil and minimize groundwater pollution and food chain contamination, use of CDM in urban garden soils polluted with Cu, Pb, and Zn should be regulated or discouraged entirely to reduce the mobility of these metals. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Cow dung manure; exchangeable; garden soils; labile metals; mobile	agricultural production; copper; food chain; garden; groundwater pollution; lead; manure; soil pollution; solubility; water quality; zinc; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56549092926	Soil in suitability evaluation for irrigated lowland rice culture in southwestern nigeria: Management implications for sustainability	Olaleye A.O., Akinbola G.E., Marake V.M., Molete S.F., Mapheshoane B.	2008	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	39	19-20	10.1080/00103620802432824	Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho, South Africa; Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Les	Olaleye, A.O., Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho, South Africa, Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho, South Africa; Akinbola, G.E., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Marake, V.M., Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho, South Africa; Molete, S.F., Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho, South Africa; Mapheshoane, B., Department of Soil Science and Resource Conservation, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho, South Africa	Rice grows in all agro-ecological zones in Nigeria and it is largely grown by small-scale farmers. An investigation was conducted to assess the representative pedons used for rice cultivation in the southwestern part of Nigeria. The aims were to assess how suitable these lands are for rice cultivation and what constraints to continuous and sustained rice production occurs on these soils. Data (climate, soil, water, etc.) were collected from rain-forest agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in which these pedons are located. After laboratory analyses, the land qualities/characteristics (LQ/LC) of these pedons were compared with the land-use requirements (LUR) for cultivating lowland rice using two methods of evaluation (conventional/FAO approach and the parametric method). Results showed that the two methods rated the aggregate suitability of these pedons for rice between marginal (S3) and unsuitable (N1). Major constraints identified in these pedons are poor soil texture, which translates to poor water management coupled with suboptimal nutrient contents [i.e., available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and cation exchange capacity (CEC)], which may predispose rice plants to excessive iron (Fe2+) uptake (or bronzing or yellowing symptoms). Grain yields (GYs) collected from the farmers' field (1994 and 1995 cropping seasons) showed that in the current state of two of the soil series (Apomu and Matako), the GY of the two rice cultivars ranged between 0.61 and 2.13 t/ha and declines progressively across years in the two cropping seasons. The result suggests that in spite of good climate for irrigated lowland rice cultivation in SW Nigeria and indeed all Nigeria, special attention must be paid to the soils on which this crop is grown in terms of the soil texture, appropriate water management, and optimum contents of soil nutrients, especially available P, exchangeable K, and CEC. Thus for a sustained and continuous rice production on these soils, it is important that nutrient contents of the soil be augmented with fertilizer (organic and inorganic) coupled with appropriate water management. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Fetoxicity; Grain yields; Irrigated lowland; Land evaluation; Nigeria; Rice; Small-scale farmers	cation exchange capacity; cultivation; irrigation; land evaluation; land use; rice; soil texture; water management; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946497076	Evaluation of Universal Extractants for Determination of Some Macronutrients from Soil	Bibiso M., Taddesse A.M., Gebrekidan H., Melese A.	2015	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	46	19	10.1080/00103624.2015.1081925	School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Bibiso, M., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Taddesse, A.M., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Gebrekidan, H., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Melese, A., College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Evaluation of nutrient status in soil is important for nutritional, environmental, and economical aspects. The objective of this work was to find out the most suitable universal extractant for determination of available phosphorus (P) and nitrate (NO3-) and exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) from soils using 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), 0.01 M barium chloride (BaCl2), 0.1 M BaCl2, 0.02 M strontium chloride (SrCl2), Mehlich 3, and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractants. Composite surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from the Eastern Harage Zone (Babile and Haramaya Districts), Wolaita Zone (Damot Sore, Boloso Bombe, Damot Pulasa, and Humbo Districts), and Dire Dawa Administrative Council by purposive sampling. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results indicated that the greatest correlations were found between Mehlich 3 and Olsen method and also between 0.02 M SrCl2 and Olsen method for available P. The amount of NO3 – extracted by 0.02 M SrCl2 was significantly correlated to the amount determined by 0.5 M potassium sulfate (K2SO4). The amounts of exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg determined by ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) method were significantly correlated to the amount determined by universal extractants tested. In general, both 0.02 M SrCl2 and Mehlich 3 can serve as universal extractants for the macronutrients considered in this study with the former being more economical when NO3 – is included. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Available P and NO3 -; Ca and Mg; exchangeable K; universal extractant	ammonium compound; barium; calcium; chemical analysis; extraction method; nitrate; nutrient availability; phosphorus; potassium; soil dynamics; soil nutrient	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927175298	Precision Manure Management on Site-Specific Management Zones: Topsoil Quality and Environmental Impact	Moshia M.E., Khosla R., Davis J.G., Westfall D.G., Doesken K.	2015	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	46	2	10.1080/00103624.2014.967862	Tshwane University of Technology, Crop Science, Pretoria, South Africa; Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Moshia, M.E., Tshwane University of Technology, Crop Science, Pretoria, South Africa; Khosla, R., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Davis, J.G., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Westfall, D.G., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Doesken, K., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Maintenance and improvement of soil quality across spatially variable soils in continuous cropping systems are critical to sustaining agricultural productivity and environmental quality. The objectives of this project were (i) to study the effects of variable-rate application of animal manure on selected topsoil quality parameters across site-specific management zones (MZs) and (ii) to evaluate the variable-rate applications of manure using risk-assessment tools of nitrogen (N) leaching and phosphorus (P) runoff indices to understand its impact on environmental quality. This study was conducted in northeastern Colorado on continuous and furrow-irrigated maize fields. Experimental strips, 4.5 m wide and 540 m long, spanned across all MZs with treatments nested within MZs in the field. Variable rates of dairy and beef feedlot manure applied on irrigated and dryland fields respectively ranged from 0 to 67 Mg ha−1. Surface soil quality parameters evaluated before and after this study included bulk density, organic matter, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, and particle-size analysis. Results indicate that animal manure applications of 44 and 67 Mg ha−1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil organic matter and decreased bulk density of low- and medium-productivity-level MZs and had no significant impact on surface soil organic matter and bulk density of the high-productivity-level MZs. Animal manure significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased surface soil water-holding capacity and soil electrical conductivity across zones; however, the maximum manure-induced soil EC was 1.0 dS m−1, which was below levels regarded as potentially harmful for maize production. Soil texture was not affected by animal manure applications. Colorado N leaching and P index indicated no environmental hazard associated with variable rate application of animal manure across MZs. This study indicates that variable-rate application of animal manure across MZs has potential to improve or maintain soil quality parameters over time without impairing the environment. ©, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Animal manure; nitrogen leaching; precision agriculture	environmental impact; fertilizer application; furrow irrigation; leaching; maize; manure; nitrogen; phosphorus; precision agriculture; productivity; risk assessment; soil quality; topsoil; Colorado; United States; Animalia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745076331	Evaluation of linear mixed model case deletion diagnostic tools by monte carlo simulation	Zewotir T., Galpin J.S.	2006	Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation	35	3	10.1080/03610910600716795	School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Zewotir, T., School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville, South Africa, School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Galpin, J.S., School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa	A large number of statistics have been proposed to study the influence of individual observations in the linear mixed model. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is used to evaluate the appropriateness of these influence diagnostic measures. The sensitivity of the diagnostic measures to outliers and leverages is examined, and helpful results are obtained.	Case deletion; Influential observations; Leverages; Monte Carlo simulation; Outliers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949194182	Monitoring field variability using confidence interval for coefficient of variation	Taye G., Njuho P.	2008	Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods	37	6	10.1080/03610920701762804	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermartizburg, South Africa; School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Taye, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Njuho, P., School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermartizburg, South Africa, School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The construction of an exact confidence interval (CI) for a single coefficient of variation (CV) is computationally cumbersome, but a number of approximation methods exist. The existing methods of CI construction are not appropriate for the agricultural experiments involving a single crop grown over several locations. There is a need to assess and identify an appropriate approximate method from the existing methods, and provide a new approach for multiple experiments. Simulation and real data were used in the evaluation process. The Vangel (1996) approximation method was computationally easier and produced an approximate length of CI close to that obtained by the exact method. For multiple experiments, the bootstrapping method performed better than other methods in the construction of CIs. Expected lower and upper confidence limits for coefficient of variation for various crop types were established using data from 513 trials conducted in Ethiopia. These CIs are used to monitor variability of new trials conducted on same locations.	Approximation method; Bootstrapping; Coefficient of variation; Exact method; Simulation	Approximation theory; Computer simulation; Numerical methods; Variational techniques; Bootstrapping; Coefficient of variation; Exact method; Computational methods	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24744458582	The impact of ebinyo, a form of dental mutilation, on the malocclusion status in Uganda	Bataringaya A., Ferguson M., Lalloo R.	2005	Community Dental Health	22	3	None	Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; P.O. Box 5482, Kampala, Uganda	Bataringaya, A., Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, P.O. Box 5482, Kampala, Uganda; Ferguson, M., Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Lalloo, R., Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: The practice of extraction of ebinyo or false teeth is based on the belief that the rubbing of herbs on the gum (in the region of the canine) or the removal of the primary and/or permanent canine tooth buds will lead to the relief of childhood fevers and diarrhoea. The reported prevalence of this practice in Uganda and neighbouring countries is varied. Objective: A survey carried out in Kampala to determine the occlusal traits of fourteen-year-old children offered an opportunity to assess the effects of ebinyo (a dental mutilation based on local customs and superstitions) on the occlusal status of the sample population. Methods: 402 children aged fourteen years were examined according to the criteria of the Fédération Dentaire Internationale Commission on Classification and Statistics for Oral Conditions method for measuring occlusal traits (COCSTOC-MOT) proposed by Baume et al. (1973). Results: The most common dental anomaly was teeth missing due to extraction or trauma. Canines (28%) and mandibular first molars (28%) exhibited the highest frequency. Missing canines were four times more common in girls than boys, and three times greater in the maxilla than the mandible. Canines also accounted for 12.8% of the malformed teeth observed in the study. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the practice of ebinyo, although carried out early in the life of the child, can impact on the occlusal status in the permanent dentition years later. © BASCD 2005.	Dental mutilation; Ebinyo; False teeth; Malocclusion; Occlusal traits; Uganda	adolescent; African medicine; article; female; human; male; tooth extraction; tooth occlusion; Uganda; Adolescent; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Tooth Extraction; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29144505474	Subjective impacts of dental caries and fluorosis in rural Ugandan children	Robinson P.G., Nalweyiso N., Busingye J., Whitworth J.	2005	Community Dental Health	22	4	None	School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Cresent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom	Robinson, P.G., School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Cresent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom; Nalweyiso, N., Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Busingye, J., Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Whitworth, J., Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, c/o Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda	Objective: Describe the oral health related quality of life among a group of children in rural Uganda and compare impacts on oral health related quality of life associated with dental caries and fluorosis. Basic Research Design: Cross-sectional clinical and questionnaire analytical study. Participants: Proportional sample of 174 12 year olds attending primary schools in a rural sub-county of Uganda. Outcome measures: Clinical assessments using WHO basic methods and the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index of Fluorosis (TFI). Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life data collected with self-administered child perception questionnaire (CPQ 11-14). Results: Two thirds of children reported a dental impact 'often' or 'everyday'. The mean number of impacts per child at this threshold was 2.6 and the mean total CPQ 11-14 score was 25.8 (sd 21.1). Mean DMFT was 0.68. No children had fillings. Forty-one children had dental fluorosis with 10 having scores greater than 2. CPQ 11-14 showed acceptable criterion validity and reliability. The number of sites with gingivitis or the presence of calculus or trauma were not associated with summary measures of CPQ 11-14 whereas having any dental caries or treatment experience was associated with higher total scores and more impacts. Socially noticeable fluorosis (TFI &gt;2) was associated with more impacts but not with higher total scores. Conclusions: Despite low levels of oral disease these children experience appreciable impacts on oral health related quality of life. The greatest burden was associated with dental caries and to a lesser extent, fluorosis. © BASCD 2005.	Children; Dental caries; Dental fluorosis; Oral health related quality of life	article; attitude to health; child; classification; cross-sectional study; dental caries; female; gingivitis; health; health survey; human; male; mouth hygiene; psychological aspect; quality of life; reproducibility; tooth calculus; tooth disease; tooth pain; Uganda; Attitude to Health; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Female; Fluorosis, Dental; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Oral Hygiene; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Rural Health; Toothache; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000290069600013	Monitoring Indicators of Living Conditions in a South African Urban Community	Moller, Valerie,Phillips, R,Radloff, Sarah,RAHTZ, D,SIRGY, MJ	2011	COMMUNITY QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS: BEST CASES V	3	None	10.1007/978-94-007-0535-7_13	Rhodes University	"Moller, Valerie: Rhodes University","Radloff, Sarah: Rhodes University"	A social indicators community project was launched in 1999 to monitor changing living standards in Rhini, a low-income suburb of Grahamstown, Makana Municipality, South Africa. Since 1994, under democratic rule, considerable progress has been made in service delivery to the formerly disadvantaged in South African society in terms of access to housing, infrastructure, and a social safety net to mitigate the high rate of unemployment. Results from two representative cross-sectional household surveys (n862/n1,020) conducted in 1999 and 2007 in Rhini demonstrate major changes in material living standards. However, these increases are not reflected in assessments of the household situation. Results are discussed against the background of rising expectations and social policy under democracy. It is concluded that income and employment poverty might dilute gains from higher material living standards. Further research using panel-study data is needed to demonstrate the lasting effects of service delivery on perceived quality of life in South Africa.	,INSTRUMENT,NEEDS,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,"SUBJECTIVE INDICATORS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249745741	Evaluation of the influence of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glycogen concentration in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus fingerling	Ogunji J.O., Nimptsch J., Wiegand C., Schulz C.	2007	Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology	147	4	10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.028	Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Ebonyi State University, Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture,	Ogunji, J.O., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany, Ebonyi State University, Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nimptsch, J., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Wiegand, C., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Schulz, C., Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany	Influence of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glycogen concentration in liver of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerling was evaluated. Triplicate groups of fifteen fish (initial average weight 2.0 ± 0.1 g) were fed eight weeks with seven test diets (in average 36% crude protein, dry matter) formulated by replacing fish meal with magmeal. Percentage body weight gain (591-724.46%), food conversion ratio (1.05-1.22) and standard growth rate (3.45-3.76) in all feeding groups were not significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was observed in liver glycogen reserve (175.27-236.88 μmol g- 1) among the fish groups. Hepatic catalase activity also did not differ significantly. However, elevated glutathione S-transferases activities were observed when fish received higher dietary magmeal concentration. This might have been temporary with no real physiological implication when appraised by the growth responses. These results indicate that magmeal was well utilized by the fish and its incorporation into tilapia diets seems to have no oxidative stress generating effect on fish metabolism and may not be containing any compound that stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species. Magmeal can effectively be used as an alternative protein source in tilapia fingerling production. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Catalase; Fish nutrition; Glutathione S-transferases; Housefly maggot meal; Liver glycogen; Oxidative stress; Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus	catalase; glutathione transferase; glycogen; reactive oxygen metabolite; animal experiment; article; controlled study; dietary intake; enzyme activity; glycogen liver level; house fly; maggot; nonhuman; nutrition; oreochromis niloticus; oxidative stress; Tilapia; Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Cichlids; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Food; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen; Houseflies; Larva; Liver; Survival Analysis; Oreochromis niloticus; Tilapia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942513086	Effects of nicotine on the digestive performance of nectar-feeding birds reflect their relative tolerance to this alkaloid	Lerch-Henning S., Nicolson S.W.	2015	Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology	190	None	10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.015	Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	Lerch-Henning, S., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa; Nicolson, S.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	The paradox of secondary metabolites, toxic defence compounds produced by plants, in nectar and fruits is well known. Deterrence of feeding by nectarivorous and frugivorous birds is better understood than the effect of these chemicals on the digestive performance of birds. Digestive parameters such as transit time and sugar assimilation are important in assessing nutrient utilization and deterrence may be related to post-ingestive effects involving these parameters. Nectar and many fruits contain mainly sugars and water, and avian consumers compensate for low sugar content in their diet by increasing food intake: this may also increase their intake of secondary metabolites. We investigated how the alkaloid nicotine, naturally present in nectar of Nicotiana species, influences compensatory feeding and digestive performance of nectar-feeding birds. High nicotine concentration negatively affected compensatory feeding and apparent assimilation efficiency of white-bellied sunbirds Cinnyris talatala and Cape white-eyes Zosterops virens; but nicotine slowed gut transit time only in the latter species. In contrast, food intake and digestive performance of dark-capped bulbuls Pycnonotus tricolor was unaffected by nicotine up to a concentration of 50. μM. Bulbuls are primarily frugivorous; hence, they are more exposed to secondary metabolites than sunbirds and possibly white-eyes. Because their diet is richer in toxins, frugivorous birds may have evolved more efficient detoxification strategies than those of specialist nectar-feeding birds. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Apparent assimilation efficiency; Bird pollinators; Foraging behaviour; Gut transit time; Secondary metabolites	nicotine; animal experiment; Article; bird; controlled study; digestion; feeding; foraging behavior; intestine transit time; nectar; nectarivore; nonhuman; secondary metabolism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856300509	Determination of the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance and hematological parameters of rabbits	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	1	10.1007/s00580-010-1066-6	Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Insufficient supply of animal protein is a major problem in developing countries including Nigeria. Rabbits are adjudged to be a convenient source of palatable and nutritious meat, high in protein, and contain low fat and cholesterol. A doe can produce more than 15 times her own weight in offspring in a year. However, its productivity may be limited by inadequate nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance and some hematological parameters of rabbit. The appropriate level of the probiotic inclusion for excellent health status and optimum productivity was also determined. A total of 40 male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (A-D) of ten rabbits each. Each group was subdivided into two replicates of five rabbits each. They were fed pelleted grower mash ad libitum. The feed for groups A to C were supplemented with bioactive yeast (probiotic) at inclusion levels of 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 g yeast/kg diet, respectively. Group D had no yeast (control). Daily feed intake was determined. The rabbits were weighed weekly. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell total, and differential counts were determined at the 8th week, 16th week, and 22nd week following standard procedures. The three results which did not have any significant difference were pooled together. Group A which had 0.08 g yeast/kg of diet had a significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) PCV than groups B (which had 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet) and C (which had 0.16 g yeast/kg of diet) as well as D (the control). Total WBC count for groups B and C (14.35 ± 0.100 × 10 3/μl and 14.65 ± 0.786 × 10 3/μl, respectively) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than groups A and D (6.33 ± 0.335 × 10 3/μl and 10.40 ± 0.296 × 10 3/μl, respectively). Also the absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes counts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in groups B and C than in groups A and D. Group B had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain (1.025 ± 0.006 kg/rabbit) followed by group A (0.950 ± 0.092 kg/rabbit). The control (group D) had the least weight gain of 0.623 ± 0.0.099 kg/rabbit. These results showed that like most probiotics, bioactive yeast at an appropriate level of inclusion had a significant beneficial effect on health status and growth rate of rabbit. Probiotic supplementation level of 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet was recommended for optimum rabbit production. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Feed; Growth rate; Health status; Probiotic; Rabbit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870589404	Probiotic effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on haematological parameters and growth performance of pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet	Ezema C., Ihedioha O.C., Ihedioha J.I., Okorie-Kanu C.O., Kamalu T.N.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	6	10.1007/s00580-011-1250-3	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, N	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, O.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, J.I., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okorie-Kanu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kamalu, T.N., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on weight gain, haematological parameters and the onset of egg laying in pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet. After brooding, 100 pullets were randomly selected and divided into four groups (A-D) of 25 birds each. Diets for groups A to C were supplemented with probiotic at varied levels of 0. 6, 0. 8 and 1. 0 g/kg of feed, respectively. Group D diet had no probiotic (control). The feed for all the groups was isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Daily feed intake was determined, and the birds were weighed weekly. At the 9th and 15th weeks of age, five birds were randomly selected from each group and about 3 ml of blood was collected from each for haematological analysis following the standard procedures. The result showed that the packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in group C (28. 78 ± 0. 061%) than the other groups. All the probiotic supplemented groups had higher total leukocyte and absolute lymphocyte count than the control. Results also showed significantly higher (P < 0. 05) weight gain among the probiotic supplemented groups compared with the control between the 6th and 10th weeks of age. The results revealed that at the point of lay (18th week) group C had higher final mean live weight (1. 48 ± 0. 02 kg/bird) than group D (unsupplemented control; 1. 40 ± 0. 09 kg/bird). Group B was the first to drop egg at the 18th week, followed by groups A and C at the 20th week, while the control started laying at the 22nd week. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation improved weight gain, increased PCV, haemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count. The probiotic also reduced time of onset of egg laying. Probiotic (S. cerevisiae) inclusion level of 1. 0 g/kg of diet was recommended for optimum pullet development. However, there is a need for further studies to determine the effect of this probiotic on hen-day performance and egg quality. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Haematological parameters; Palm kernel; Probiotic; Pullets; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879845317	Evaluation of anaemia in Nigerian goats using FAMACHA© eye colour chart: A preliminary study	Idika I.K., Iheagwam C.N., Nwobi L.G., Nwosu C.O.	2013	Comparative Clinical Pathology	22	4	10.1007/s00580-012-1456-z	Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Idika, I.K., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Iheagwam, C.N., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwobi, L.G., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A preliminary study was carried out on the possibility of using the FAMACHA eye colour chart to predict the level of anaemia in 280 Nigerian goats of varied ages slaughtered at the Nsukka abattoir, in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three indices of anaemia, namely packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) counts and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were compared with the colour of the ocular membranes of the goats. The colours of the ocular conjunctiva of all animals were scored on a 1-5 scale using the FAMACHA© card, and blood samples were collected from each animal for determination of PCV, RBC counts and Hb concentration. Correlations between eye colour scores and the duo of PCV and Hb concentrations were highly significant and negative. Haemonchus contortus was the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode parasite observed in the study with average larval recovery of 70.18 %. Age has no effect on the predictability of anaemia by the FAMACHA© technique. It was concluded that the FAMACHA method can be used by farmers in Nigeria to identify anaemic goats particularly in conditions of haemonchosis which is one of the main causes of anaemia in goats and the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode in small ruminants in the study area. It is, therefore, believed that these preliminary findings will form a basis for further work on validating the use of FAMACHA© in Nigerian goats. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Anaemia; FAMACHA; Hb concentration; Nigerian goats; PCV	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939877951	Effect of cement dust on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters in albino rats	Odo R.I., Mbegbu E.C., Nwosu K.C., Aba P.E., Aka L.O., Obidike I.R.	2015	Comparative Clinical Pathology	24	3	10.1007/s00580-014-1934-6	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Odo, R.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Mbegbu, E.C., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Nwosu, K.C., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aba, P.E., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aka, L.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Obidike, I.R., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	A total of 30 Albino rats of 12 weeks of age were sourced from Altran Farm in Nsukka and acclimatized for 3 weeks. Five males and five females were exposed to cement dust for 3 months at the Eastern Blocks and Concrete Industries Limited, Nsukka, Nigeria. Ten males and ten females were kept in an environment free from cement dust but within the same climatic zone and were the unexposed. The effect of cement dust was then determined on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters of the rats. The uterus of the exposed females showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in weight (2.19 ± 0.05) when compared to that of the unexposed females (4.09 ± 0.55). The mean epididymal sperm reserve of the exposed males (12.25 ± 2.17) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that of the control group (18.46 ± 0.325). The mean testicular weight of the exposed males (1.03 ± 0.09) was significantly reduced when compared to the control (1.42 ± 0.026). The mean fetal weight and crown rump length of the offsprings from the exposed females (4.07 ± 0.17, 3.12 ± 0.09, respectively) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to those of the offsprings from the unexposed females (5.64 ± 0.10, 5.36 ± 0.17, respectively). The mean number of offsprings from exposed males (6.00 ± 0.45) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that from unexposed males (9.80 ± 0.37). The hematological evaluation showed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in mean PCV, HB, RBC, and WBC of the exposed rats (27.50 ± 2.20, 8.31 ± 0.61, 3.61 ± 0.82, 4.70 ± 0.63, respectively) when compared to the unexposed (43.17 ± 3.52, 14.1 ± 0.72, 7.21 ± 0.45, 8.48 ± 0.86, respectively). The results of serum enzyme levels (AST, ALP, and ALT) of the exposed rats (87.12 ± 3.42, 93.87 ± 14.18, 45.06 ± 5.25, respectively) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when compared to the unexposed rats (56.98 ± 8.38, 24.71 ± 2.11, 25.72 ± 2.96, respectively). © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Cement; Hematology; Offspring; Sperm; Uterus	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943363765	Histopathological evaluation of the osteogenic activity of autologous platelet-rich plasma in experimentally induced ulna defect in dogs	Nnaji T., Kene R., Chah K., Udegbunam S., Ogbanya K., Okpe G.	2015	Comparative Clinical Pathology	24	6	10.1007/s00580-015-2121-0	Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnaji, T., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kene, R., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chah, K., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udegbunam, S., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ogbanya, K., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okpe, G., Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Variety of products and surgical approaches to stimulate biologic factors and promote osteogenesis have been developed over the years, but surgeons still face challenges relating to bone healing. This study was designed to evaluate the histopathologic effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma and cancellous bone grafts on caudolateral ulna ostectomy of Nigerian local dogs. Twelve healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs (males) were used for the study. They were randomly grouped into four viz: platelet-rich plasma-treated group (PRPG) (n = 3), cancellous bone graft-treated group (CBG) (n = 3), platelet-rich plasma/cancellous bone graft-treated group (PRP/CBG) (n = 3), and normal saline-treated control group (CG) (n = 3). Caudolateral ulna defects were created on the left ulna of each dog under general anesthesia and treated as follows: the PRPG were treated by application of autologous PRP on the defects prior to closure, the PRP/CBG defects were treated by applying both PRP and cancellous bone grafts on the defects, and CBG was treated with autologous cancellous bone grafts alone while the control defects were treated by applying normal saline on the defects prior to closure of the soft tissues. Animals were euthanized at week 10 and the bridging callus of the defects analyzed by histopathology. The PRP defects either in combination with cancellous bone grafts or alone demonstrated more matured lamella bone compared to the CBG and control defects. The control defects were characterized with fibrocartillagenous zones of intense cellular activities mainly of chondroblasts and oeteoblasts. The mean histologic indices of the PRPG and PRP/CBG defects varied significantly (p < 0.05) with the CBG and the control defects. The results showed that the PRP has a positive osteogenic effect in treatment of caudolateral ulna ostectomies of dogs but its activity was optimal when combined with autologous cancellous bone grafts. © 2015, Springer-Verlag London.	Bone defect; Bone graft; Dog; Osteogenesis; Platelet-rich plasma	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865957348	FDI flows to sub-saharan Africa: The impact of finance, institutions, and natural resource endowment	Ezeoha A.E., Cattaneo N.	2012	Comparative Economic Studies	54	3	10.1057/ces.2012.18	Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 09234, Nigeria; Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, South Africa	Ezeoha, A.E., Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 09234, Nigeria; Cattaneo, N., Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, South Africa	Using a panel data from 38 Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries and a dynamic system GMM model, this study examines the individual and interactive impact of financial development, institutional quality, and natural resource endowment on both the stock and the flow of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) to the region. It finds that inward FDI is more dynamic in non-resource-rich than in resource-rich countries; that in non-resource-rich countries, foreign investors rely more on the efficiency of the governance institutions, but in resource-rich countries, the formal financial system provides alternative platform for managing the stock of existing FDI, as well as for providing financial allocative and intermediation roles; that the impact of natural resource endowment and macroeconomic factors are more robust in the stock than it is in the flow of inward FDI; that the capacity of an SSA country's financial system to attract and support foreign investments is dependent on the quality of her telecommunication infrastructure, the quality of legal and governance structures, and the kind of FDI in question; that the positive impact of infrastructure on FDI depends on the size of a country's market; and that although natural resource endowment appears to be key source of inward FDI to SSA countries, its importance has diminished since the start of 2000. © 2012 ACES. All rights reserved.	Africa; FDI; financial development; institutions; resources	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650361291	Evaluation of a quasi-coaxial printed circuit board transformer	Pentz D.C., Hofsajer I.W.	2010	COMPEL - The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering	29	6	10.1108/03321641011078643	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Pentz, D.C., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hofsajer, I.W., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of utilizing printed circuit board (pcb) technology to manufacture coaxial transformers and to increase the predictability, accuracy and repeatability of the transformers leakage inductance. Design/methodology/approach: The geometry of a coaxial transformer is approximated using pcb techniques. Several different geometries are presented with the outer coaxial conductor being approximated by discrete conductors varying from four to 36 in number. Finite element methods as well as experimental results are used to support the proposed ideas. A planar transformer is also analyzed in the same way to emphasize the design advantages offered by the proposed quasi-coaxial transformer. Findings: The proposed multi-conductor structures can be applied as co-axial transformers. The experimental values obtained for the leakage inductance of the coaxial structures correspond well to the predicted values. This is not the case for conventional planar structure where adjustments need to be made in the finite element analysis simulations to accommodate the shortcomings of the analytical calculations. Originality/value: In applications where the prediction of the leakage inductance of a transformer is important, this method may be applied and has the advantage of conventional pcb manufacture techniques. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Inductance; Magnetic devices; Printed circuits; Transformers	Analytical calculation; Co-axial; Coaxial conductors; Coaxial structures; Design/methodology/approach; Different geometry; Experimental values; Finite element analysis; Leakage inductance; Multi-conductor; Planar structure; Planar transformer; Transformers; Finite element method; Inductance; Magnetic devices; Manufacture; Printed circuit boards; Printed circuit manufacture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941759345	Damping characteristics of nanoclay filled hybrid laminates during medium velocity impact	Mohan T.P., Velmurugan R., Kanny K.	2015	Composites Part B: Engineering	82	None	10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.016	Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Composites Technology Centre, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India	Mohan, T.P., Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Velmurugan, R., Composites Technology Centre, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India; Kanny, K., Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	The objective of this paper is to study the vibrational damping characteristics during medium velocity impact of nanoclay filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid laminates. A series of laminates with varying degree of nanoclay concentration (0-5 wt.%) and fiber weight fraction (25-75 wt.%) were prepared by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) method. The laminates were subjected to medium velocity projectile impact using in-house built gas gun set-up and the ballistic limit of laminates series was determined. The result indicated that during impact, the laminate undergoes vibrational damping. This damping property is a function of fiber weight fraction and orientation, nanoclay concentration and nanocomposite structure. A 42% increase of ballistic limit was observed for 5 wt.% nanoclay filled hybrid (50 wt.% fiber) when compared with unfilled composite. Structural and modal analysis of hybrids showed that the increased ballistic limit of nanoclay filled hybrids is due to the nanocomposite structure and improved damping and fracture properties. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Laminates; A. Nano-structures; B. Impact behavior; B. Vibration	Ballistics; Damping; Fibers; Modal analysis; Nanocomposites; Nanostructured materials; Nanostructures; Paper laminates; B. Vibration; Damping characteristics; Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy; Impact behavior; Nano-composite structure; Nanoclay concentrations; Vacuum assisted resin infusion moldings; Vibrational damping; Laminates	76460, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941313442	Performance of concrete-filled double-skin circular tubes in compression	Essopjee Y., Dundu M.	2015	Composite Structures	133	None	10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.033	University of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa	Essopjee, Y., University of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa; Dundu, M., University of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa	Tests were conducted on 32 concrete-filled double-skin circular tube (CFDSCT) columns. The CFDSCT columns were loaded in axial compression until failure. The parameters that were varied were the lengths, diameters and strength of the outer steel tubes. The lengths ranged from 1.0-2.5 m, in half a metre increments. The CFDSCTs of 1 m lengths, failed by yielding of the steel tubes. All the other CFDSCTs failed by overall buckling due to their large slenderness. Using the philosophy in the South African standard (SANS 10162-1) and Eurocode 4 (EN 1994-1-1), new formulas were developed to predict the results of the strengths of the CFDSCTs. The new formulae are in a similar format to SANS 10162-1 and EC4. A plot of the results from the proposed formulae over the test results, versus the slenderness ratio shows that the results were predicted well. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Axial compression; Concrete-filled double-skin tubes; Confinement effect; Overall buckling; Slender columns; Yielding	Axial compression; Concretes; Tubular steel structures; Confinement effects; Double skin; Over-all buckling; Slender columns; Yielding; Tubes (components)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846026049	Evaluation of pine bark or pine bark with goat manure or sewage sludge cocomposts as growing media for vegetable seedlings	Mupondi L.T., Mnkeni P.N.S., Brutsch M.O.	2006	Compost Science and Utilization	14	4	None	University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Alice, South Africa	Mupondi, L.T., University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Alice, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Alice, South Africa; Brutsch, M.O., University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Alice, South Africa	The suitability as growing media of composts made from pine bark or pine bark cocomposted with goat manure or sewage sludge and either inoculated or not inoculated with effective microorganisms, was evaluated under greenhouse conditions with and without fertilization using cabbage as the test crop. The treatments were replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design in a fibre glass covered greenhouse. Cabbage seedlings were grown in cavity trays for five weeks, after which plants were harvested and fresh and dry weights determined. Samples were also analyzed for N, P, K and selected heavy metal concentrations. Results revealed that pine bark-goat manure cocomposts supported good seedling growth and could thus be good substitutes for pine bark alone as a growing medium where goat manure or similar manures are available. The results also showed that despite the superior nutritional value of these alternative growing media, nutrient supplementation may still be necessary where seedlings are kept in the nursery for extended periods due to nutrient exhaustion through plant uptake and leaching. Pine bark-sewage sludge compost also had positive effects on seedling growth but could only be recommended as a growing medium for nonfood plants because its composting did not reach the thermophillic temperatures necessary for adequate pathogen kill. Inoculation with effective microorganisms improved seedling growth in sewage sludge and goat manure based composts but the mechanisms involved remain to be established.	None	Fertilizers; Growth kinetics; Manures; Microorganisms; Plants (botany); Sewage sludge; Soils; Fertilization; Seedlings; Composting; bark; compost; goat; manure; seedling; sewage; sludge; vegetation; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Capra hircus	None
None	None	Modeling the impact of climate change on the dynamics of rift valley fever	Mpeshe S.C., Luboobi L.S., Nkansah-Gyekye Y.	2014	Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine	2014	None	10.1155/2014/627586	School of CoCSE, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Mpeshe, S.C., School of CoCSE, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Luboobi, L.S., School of CoCSE, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania, Department of Mathematics, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Nkansah-Gyekye, Y., School of CoCSE, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania	A deterministic SEIR model of rift valley fever (RVF) with climate change parameters was considered to compute the basic reproduction number 0 and investigate the impact of temperature and precipitation on 0. To study the effect of model parameters to 0, sensitivity and elasticity analysis of 0 were performed. When temperature and precipitation effects are not considered, 0 is more sensitive to the expected number of infected Aedes spp. due to one infected livestock and more elastic to the expected number of infected livestock due to one infected Aedes spp. When climatic data are used, 0 is found to be more sensitive and elastic to the expected number of infected eggs laid by Aedes spp. via transovarial transmission, followed by the expected number of infected livestock due to one infected Aedes spp. and the expected number of infected Aedes spp. due to one infected livestock for both regions Arusha and Dodoma. These results call for attention to parameters regarding incubation period, the adequate contact rate of Aedes spp. and livestock, the infective periods of livestock and Aedes spp., and the vertical transmission in Aedes species. © 2014 Saul C. Mpeshe et al.	None	Aedes; article; basic reproduction number; climate change; Culex; egg laying; environmental temperature; hatching; incubation time; lifespan; livestock; longevity; mortality; precipitation; Rift Valley fever; sensitivity analysis; survival rate; temperature sensitivity; theoretical model; vertical transmission; algorithm; animal; computer program; disease carrier; genetics; probability; Rift Valley fever; Rift Valley fever virus; sensitivity and specificity; statistical model; transmission; Aedes; Algorithms; Animals; Basic Reproduction Number; Climate Change; Insect Vectors; Livestock; Models, Statistical; Probability; Rift Valley Fever; Rift Valley fever virus; Sensitivity and Specificity; Software	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859107308	Distribution-free exponentially weighted moving average control charts for monitoring unknown location	Graham M.A., Mukherjee A., Chakraborti S.	2012	Computational Statistics and Data Analysis	56	8	10.1016/j.csda.2012.02.010	Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India; Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, United States	Graham, M.A., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Mukherjee, A., Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India; Chakraborti, S., Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, United States	Distribution-free (nonparametric) control charts provide a robust alternative to a data analyst when there is lack of knowledge about the underlying distribution. A two-sided nonparametric Phase II exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, based on the exceedance statistics (EWMA-EX), is proposed for detecting a shift in the location parameter of a continuous distribution. The nonparametric EWMA chart combines the advantages of a nonparametric control chart (known and robust in-control performance) with the better shift detection properties of an EWMA chart. Guidance and recommendations are provided for practical implementation of the chart along with illustrative examples. A performance comparison is made with the traditional (normal theory) EWMA chart for subgroup averages and a recently proposed nonparametric EWMA chart based on the WilcoxonMannWhitney statistics. A summary and some concluding remarks are given. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Binomial; Markov chain; Nonparametric; Quality control; Robust; Run-length; Search algorithm; Simulation	Binomial; Non-parametric; Robust; Run length; Search Algorithms; Simulation; Markov processes; Quality control; Flowcharting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955655391	Comparing the results from various performance models of IEEE 802.11g DCF	Kritzinger P.S., Msiska H., Mundangepfupfu T., Pileggi P., Symington A.	2010	Computer Networks	54	10	10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.003	Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, England, United Kingdom	Kritzinger, P.S., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Msiska, H., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mundangepfupfu, T., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Pileggi, P., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Symington, A., Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, England, United Kingdom	IEEE 802.11 DCF is the most widely-used CSMA/CA access control mechanism. Recent analytic performance models for DCF have received acclaim for both their simplicity and reported accuracy. Most of these models share the assumptions of full single-hop connectivity among all stations, that DCF back-off may be modeled as a Markov process and that the network is saturated with traffic. In order to verify the accuracy of existing analytic models we developed a discrete-event simulator to record the performance of the DCF protocol and ensure that every detail of the standard is represented. Simultaneously we set up a hardware test bed to measure the same performance metrics in an environment that makes none of the simplifying assumptions of either the analytic models or the simulation. In the test bed, as in the simulator, we used the same physical parameter settings prescribed by the standard. As is the case for the analytic models we used, we subjected the simulator and the test bed to the same saturated workload for both basic and RTS/CTS access modes. Finally, we also implemented a non-saturating Markov Modulated Arrival Process (MMAP) workload model for our simulator to test the performance of DCF subject to more realistic internet traffic conditions. We describe both the simulator and the test bed in some detail in order to testify to the accuracy and detail of our results. The results show that the analytic models are mostly pessimistic for small numbers of nodes and optimistic for larger numbers of nodes. The performance measurements from the test bed, in turn, indicate that the simulation results are similarly optimistic when large numbers of nodes are concerned. Since the test bed uses an error-prone wireless channel, this latter result is, in principle, not surprising. The rate of deterioration in the actual performance is however something that is not widely known and is much more rapid than analytic models would suggest. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Distributed coordination function (DCF); IEEE 802.11; Medium access control (MAC); Simulation modelling; Wireless test bed; WLAN	Distributed coordination functions; IEEE 802.11s; Medium access control (MAC); Simulation modelling; Wireless test beds; WLAN; Equipment testing; Internet protocols; Markov processes; Security systems; Simulators; Standards; Telecommunication networks; Test facilities; Wireless local area networks (WLAN); Medium access control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650753581	Incentive-based control of ad hoc networks: A performance study	Göbel J., Krzesinski A., Mandjes M.	2009	Computer Networks	53	14	10.1016/j.comnet.2009.04.010	Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-Kölln-Str. 30, 22527 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 24, 1018 TV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Göbel, J., Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-Kölln-Str. 30, 22527 Hamburg, Germany; Krzesinski, A., Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Mandjes, M., Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 24, 1018 TV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of mobile nodes, connected by wireless links. If a destination node is beyond the transmission range of an origin node, then the nodes must cooperate to provide a multi-hop route. Any node can act as a sender, receiver or transit node. It is clear that it is in a node's interest to be a sender or receiver, but it is less clear what the value is of forwarding traffic on behalf of other nodes. The nodes should therefore be given incentives to act as transit nodes, otherwise the network would fail to function. A way to do so is by introducing for each node a credit balance, where nodes use credits to pay for the costs of sending their own traffic, and earn credits by forwarding traffic from other nodes. However, nodes that are located near the edge of the network will attract little transit traffic and earn few credits. In contrast, nodes located near the centroid of the network will attract transit traffic and earn credits. We investigate various ways of providing nodes near the edge of the network with preferential treatment in order to improve their credit balance and their throughputs. We next focus on the situation where each node can move to improve its utility expressed in terms of either credit balance or throughput. Here radio interference plays an important role, as it defines an interesting trade-off: nodes may prefer to be close together in order to reduce the power needed to transmit data, but on the other hand proximity increases radio interference, and has therefore a negative effect on connectivity. Simulation experiments reveal that the positions of the nodes converge to non-trivial optimal positions on 2D and 3D surfaces. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Autonomous motion; Congestion pricing; Credit incentives; Credit redistribution; Incentives for collaboration; Mobile ad-hoc networks; Mobility models; Radio interference	Autonomous motion; Congestion pricing; Credit incentives; Credit redistribution; Incentives for collaboration; Mobility models; Electromagnetic compatibility; Electromagnetic pulse; Mobile ad hoc networks; Radar interference; Radio interference; Three dimensional; Throughput; Traffic congestion; Two dimensional; Wireless telecommunication systems; Ad hoc networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953132065	Effects of computer-assisted instruction on performance of senior high school biology students in Ghana	Owusu K.A., Monney K.A., Appiah J.Y., Wilmot E.M.	2010	Computers and Education	55	2	10.1016/j.compedu.2010.04.001	Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Owusu, K.A., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Monney, K.A., School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Appiah, J.Y., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Wilmot, E.M., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	This study investigated the comparative efficiency of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and conventional teaching method in biology on senior high school students. A science class was selected in each of two randomly selected schools. The pretest-posttest non equivalent quasi experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned science concepts (cell cycle) through the CAI, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same concepts by the conventional approach. The conventional approach consisted of lecture, discussions and question and answer teaching methods. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze students' pretest and posttests scores. The results indicated that students that were instructed by the conventional approach performed better on the posttest than those instructed by the CAI. However, the performance of low achievers within the experimental group improved after they were instructed by the CAI. Even though the CAI group did not perform better than the conventional approach group, the students in the CAI group perceived CAI to be interesting when they were interviewed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Achievement; Cell cycle; Computer-assisted instruction; Conventional approach; ICT and senior high school	Cell cycle; Computer Assisted Instruction; Control groups; Conventional approach; Experimental design; Experimental groups; High school; High school students; Mann-Whitney U test; Teaching methods; Computer crime; Students; Computer aided instruction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899857757	Integrating soil water monitoring technology and weather based crop modelling to provide improved decision support for sugarcane irrigation management	Paraskevopoulos A.L., Singels A.	2014	Computers and Electronics in Agriculture	105	None	10.1016/j.compag.2014.04.007	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa	Paraskevopoulos, A.L., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; Singels, A., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa	Various technologies exist to support scientific irrigation scheduling, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Weather-based crop models are good at estimating evapotranspiration and future irrigation needs over large areas, while electronic soil water sensors are able to provide good estimates of soil water status at a given point. Synergy may be obtained by combining these technologies to enhance their usefulness for irrigation management. The objective of this study was to incorporate real-time field records of soil water status into a weather based sugarcane simulation system and to evaluate its use for supporting irrigation scheduling in 15 sugarcane fields in South Africa. Layered soil water status data from capacitance probes were converted to root zone available soil water content (ASWC) using linear scaling. Field specific calibration coefficients were derived from drainage and extraction patterns. An analysis of simulation outputs and observed cane yields suggested that yields were substantially below potential for seven out of the 15 fields. Two fields had prolonged periods of water stress due to under-irrigation, as reflected by the fact that yields from simulations based on measured soil water data were substantially below the potential yield. Yields in six fields were probably limited by poor husbandry as suggested by the fact that observed yields were well below simulated yields using measured soil water data. The system was demonstrated to commercial and small-scale farmers and extension officers during a series of workshops. The integrated system provides enhanced support for irrigation water management for sugarcane production. Farmers and extension specialists can understand the impact of irrigation practices on the soil water regime and its impact on crop growth and yield. This is a good basis for making adjustments to irrigation practices and for benchmarking crop performance and water use efficiency. It also has value for supporting irrigation scheduling decisions. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Cane yield; Capacitance sensor; Crop model; Irrigation scheduling; Soil water content; Weather data	Benchmarking; Capacitance; Crops; Decision support systems; Plants (botany); Scheduling; Sensors; Soil moisture; Water management; Water supply; Cane yield; Capacitance sensors; Crop model; Irrigation scheduling; Soil water content; Weather data; Irrigation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903942795	Nanofluid Viscosity: A simple model selection algorithm and parametric evaluation	Nwosu P.N., Meyer J., Sharifpur M.	2014	Computers and Fluids	101	None	10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.04.001	National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Nwosu, P.N., National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meyer, J., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Sharifpur, M., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, a study is undertaken to investigate the degree of variability between empirical nanofluid viscosity data and the viscosity model predictions. It is seen that there is a high degree of variability in the compared data, which suggests that a wide range of constitutive factors need to be incorporated into the models in order to adequately account for the rheological behavior of nanofluids. A selection algorithm is also proposed as a simple but effective tool for the model selection process in different nanofluidic conditions/compositions; consequently the odds of redundancy are substantially reduced. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Algorithm; Model; Nanofluid; Viscosity	Algorithms; Models; Viscosity; Degree of variability; High degree of variability; Model Selection; Nanofluids; Rheological behaviors; Selection algorithm; Simple modeling; Viscosity modeling; Nanofluidics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549089282	Towards a framework for measuring end to end performance of land administration business processes - A case study	Chimhamhiwa D., Molen P.v.d., Mutanga O., Rugege D.	2009	Computers, Environment and Urban Systems	33	4	10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.04.001	University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; International Institute for Geo Information Management and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands	Chimhamhiwa, D., University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Molen, P.v.d., International Institute for Geo Information Management and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands; Mutanga, O., University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Rugege, D., University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Land administration delivery problems, particularly in developing countries, are generally systemic and complex. Requests in land administration are mostly delivered through business processes that run across multiple organizations. Since the delivery challenges go beyond the capabilities of single organizations to solve alone, a multi organizational approach is suggested to detect, assess and improve LA processes. This paper presents a conceptual model for measuring end to end performance of land administration systems based on cross-organizational business processes. The model, which is constructed on six measurement dimensions, is built on a case study of subdivision processes in six urban municipalities, across three developing countries. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cross-organizational business processes, land administration; Performance measurement	Conceptual models; Cross-organizational business processes, land administration; Delivery problems; End-to-end performance; Multiple organizations; Performance measurement; Developing countries; administration; conceptual framework; developing world; land management; land use planning; performance assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896348149	Automating fault tolerance in high-performance computational biological jobs using multi-agent approaches	Varghese B., McKee G., Alexandrov V.	2014	Computers in Biology and Medicine	48	1	10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.02.005	School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom; Faculty of Computing and IT, Baze University, Nigeria; Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Spain	Varghese, B., School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom; McKee, G., Faculty of Computing and IT, Baze University, Nigeria; Alexandrov, V., Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Spain	Background: Large-scale biological jobs on high-performance computing systems require manual intervention if one or more computing cores on which they execute fail. This places not only a cost on the maintenance of the job, but also a cost on the time taken for reinstating the job and the risk of losing data and execution accomplished by the job before it failed. Approaches which can proactively detect computing core failures and take action to relocate the computing core[U+05F3]s job onto reliable cores can make a significant step towards automating fault tolerance. Method: This paper describes an experimental investigation into the use of multi-agent approaches for fault tolerance. Two approaches are studied, the first at the job level and the second at the core level. The approaches are investigated for single core failure scenarios that can occur in the execution of parallel reduction algorithms on computer clusters. A third approach is proposed that incorporates multi-agent technology both at the job and core level. Experiments are pursued in the context of genome searching, a popular computational biology application.Result: The key conclusion is that the approaches proposed are feasible for automating fault tolerance in high-performance computing systems with minimal human intervention. In a typical experiment in which the fault tolerance is studied, centralised and decentralised checkpointing approaches on an average add 90% to the actual time for executing the job. On the other hand, in the same experiment the multi-agent approaches add only 10% to the overall execution time. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological jobs; Checkpoint; Fault tolerance; High-performance computing; Multi-agents; Seamless execution	Bioinformatics; Core levels; Experiments; Fault tolerance; Multi agent systems; Biological jobs; Checkpoint; High-performance computing; Multi agent; Seamless execution; Fault tolerant computer systems; algorithm; article; automation; biology; computer; computer analysis; cost; decision making; experiment; genome; intelligence; priority journal; risk; simulation; technology; work; algorithm; computer program; human; theoretical model; Algorithms; Computational Biology; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Software	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749110190	The influence of temperament style on a student's choice of and performance in a computer programming course	Blignaut P., Naude A.	2008	Computers in Human Behavior	24	3	10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.005	Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Blignaut, P., Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa; Naude, A., Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa	This study is an attempt to determine whether it is necessary to include temperament style when compiling an instrument to predict a student's chances of success in a computer programming course. Temperament style is seen as the combination of qualities which constitute the natural disposition of an individual and which affect actions, thinking and emotions. The DISC model, as adapted by Boyd [Boyd, C. F. (1994). Different children, different needs: the art of adjustable parenting. Oregon: Questar Publishers Inc.], views people as behaving along two orthogonal dimensions: the speed at which a person moves through life, and his/her general focus when doing things, i.e. on people or on tasks. This study proved that both of these dimensions have an influence on the performance of students in a computer programming course while one of them also has an influence on a student's choice to pursue a programming course. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Human factors; Psychology; Training	Curricula; Mathematical models; Personnel training; Psychology computing; Students; Human factors; Natural disposition; Temperament style; Computer programming	None
WoS	WOS:000282155200070	A proposed model for evaluating the success of WebCT course content management system	Adeyinka, Tella,Mutula, S.	2010	COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR	26	6	10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.007	University of Botswana, University of Ilorin	"Adeyinka, Tella: University of Ilorin","Mutula, S.: University of Botswana"	WebCT is an online course management system which is accessed through the portal. It has a wide range of tools which support teaching and learning and enable online delivery of lecture notes, representations, surveys and quizzes, coursework, discussion boards and much more. Evaluation of WebCT systems success or effectiveness is a fundamental challenge to education institutions. A review of previous e-learning research suggests a focused evaluation approach, thus offering limited discussion of comprehensive views of WebCT systems success or systematic and practical guidance to its evaluations. Based on a prevalent information systems success model, this paper proposes and describes a revised model for evaluating WebCT systems success in educational settings. The study findings suggest that content quality, system quality, support service quality, teaching and learning quality, self-regulated learning, intention to use/use, user satisfaction and net benefits are important factors for evaluating the success of WebCT CCMS. Implications of the proposed model for theory and practice were illustrated. In addition, future research directions that extend the reported study are also preferred. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	BOTSWANA,"Course content management system",e-learning,"Information Communication Technology (ICT)","INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS",WebCT,DELONE,"EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE",INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY,RESPECIFICATION,"USER ACCEPTANCE",VALIDATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905190672	Burial and thermal history modeling and petroleum potential evaluation of the northwestern Niger Delta, Nigeria [Modelação da evolução térmica e do soterramento e avaliação do potencial petrolífero do noroeste do Delta do Níger, Nigéria]	Ojo O.J., Akpabio I., Frielingsdorf J.	2012	Comunicacoes Geologicas	99	2	None	Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Shell Petroleum Development Company, PortHarcourt, Nigeria	Ojo, O.J., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Akpabio, I., Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Frielingsdorf, J., Shell Petroleum Development Company, PortHarcourt, Nigeria	One of the major hydrocarbon exploration risks or constraints in the Niger Delta is the complex nature of the petroleum systems, as there is lack of geochemical data from deeper and older potential strata. In this study, 1D models of burial and thermal histories were constructed from stratigraphic and well-log data in order to assess the petroleum potential of part of the northwestern Niger Delta basin using Cauldron and PetroMod software. The thermal maturation of the source rock intervals was reconstructed based on crustal thinning during rift, break up, and drift during the Lower and Upper Cretaceous. Bottom-hole temperature data were used to estimate present-day subsurface temperature. Results show that the Eocene and Paleocene source rocks attained sufficient thermal maturities to contribute oil and gas into the Oligocene and Miocene clastic reservoirs. In Operation Mining License (OML) 1 and 40, the Paleocene, which is overmature (modeled Ro% ranges from 0.9 to 3 Ro %) at present, entered the oil window and expelled most of its oil during late Eocene. In the present day, it could be expelling minor volumes of dry gas. The Eocene source rock intervals appear to be the most active at present, having entered the oil window during Oligocene and attained present-day maturities in the range of 0.62 to 0.90 Ro% in most of the wells. However, in OML 38, with relatively higher sedimentation rates, the Paleocene source rocks are presently at the peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion whereas the Eocene source rocks in most of the wells are barely mature. The Oligocene intervals in the wells studied are not mature according to modeled vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.4 to 0.52R% at present day. At present time, average cumulative oil generated and expelled from Paleocene source rocks in OML 1 and 40 are 98,000 kg/m2 and 77,500 kg/m2, respectively. The Eocene source rocks stand at 73,000 kg/m2 and 35,000 kg/m2, respectively. In OML 38, average cumulative oil generated from Paleocene and Eocene source rocks are 95,000 and 51,000 kg/m2, respectively. Only 76% and 1.9% of the generated hydrocarbon have been expelled, respectively. It is only from the Paleocene interval of Abiala 1 (OML 40) that a substantial amount of gas (65,000 kg/m2) has been generated. © 2012 LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP.	Abiala; Heat flow; Hydrocarbon; Maturation; Paleocene; Source rock	burial (geology); computer simulation; crustal thinning; gas field; heat flow; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon reservoir; Paleocene-Eocene boundary; potential flow; sedimentation rate; software; source rock; thermal maturity; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
WoS	WOS:000324368300002	The Impact of Participatory Forest Management on Local Community Livelihoods in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya	Caleb, Mireri,Callistus, Ogol,Matiku, Paul	2013	CONSERVATION &amp; SOCIETY	11	2	10.4103/0972-4923.115724	Kenyatta University, Nat Kenya	"Caleb, Mireri: Kenyatta University","Callistus, Ogol: Kenyatta University",	This study examines the impact of participatory forest management (PFM) on forest-adjacent household livelihoods in the Arabuko-Sokoke forest in Kenya. It compares the impacts on households near PFM forests (PFM zones) with those near forests with no participatory management (non-PFM zones). The study questions were: does conservation of the Arabuko-Sokoke forest result in net household incomes?; does PFM increase net household benefits?; and are household benefits uniformly distributed within the 5 km PFM intervention zone? The hypotheses tested were: forest conservation benefits exceed forest conservation costs; PFM zones have higher household benefits than non-PFM zones; and benefits and costs reduce with distance from forest edge. In the year 2009, we collected data on household benefits and costs in PFM and non-PFM zones. Data were collected along 10 km transects at 1 km intervals, sampling 600 households up to 5 km away from the forest. The results show varied household dependence on the Arabuko-Sokoke forest. The forest benefits exceed costs in PFM zones but the forest is a cost in non-PFM zones, and costs and benefits reduce with distance from forest edge. The study concludes that, though not cheap, PFM is a tool that can help the Arabuko-Sokoke forest win the support of the adjacent local communities.	Arabuko-Sokoke,"Forest resources","household livelihoods","participatory forest management",BIODIVERSITY,CONSERVATION,"EXTRACTIVE RESERVES","INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT",STRATEGIES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941206934	Towards an Explicit Justice Framing of the Social Impacts of Conservation	Martin A., Akol A., Gross-Camp N.	2015	Conservation and Society	13	2	10.4103/0972-4923.164200	School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Martin, A., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Akol, A., Department of Zoology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Gross-Camp, N., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom	This paper proposes that biodiversity conservation practice will benefit from assessment of environmental justice outcomes, especially in contexts of poverty and social marginalisation. Whilst there is an existing body of work that implicitly considers the justices and injustices arising from biodiversity conservation interventions, we suggest that a more explicit justice assessment might complement this work. We develop some general guidelines for such assessment, drawing on traditions of social and environmental justice, highlighting the importance of considering two types of justice outcome: distribution and recognition. We note the non-equivalence of these different justice values, implying that they cannot be traded-off against each other. We try out these guidelines through a case study of the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. We find that the assessment helps us to identify intolerable social impacts of conservation, notably failures to adequately address the long-term impoverishment and domination of the indigenous Batwa people, and offers constructive insight for how conservation can better align with the need for environmental justice. ©Martin et al 2015.	Bwindi Impenetrable National Park; ecosystem services; environmental justice; recognition; revenue sharing; tourism; Uganda	None	None
None	None	Long-term impacts of poaching on relatedness, stress physiology, and reproductive output of adult female African elephants	Gobush K.S., Mutayoba B.M., Wasser S.K.	2008	Conservation Biology	22	6	10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01035.x	Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, United States; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3015, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Gobush, K.S., Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, United States; Mutayoba, B.M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3015, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Wasser, S.K., Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, United States	Widespread poaching prior to the 1989 ivory ban greatly altered the demographic structure of matrilineal African elephant (Loxodonta africana) family groups in many populations by decreasing the number of old, adult females. We assessed the long-term impacts of poaching by investigating genetic, physiological, and reproductive correlates of a disturbed social structure resulting from heavy poaching of an African elephant population in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, prior to 1989. We examined fecal glucocorticoid levels and reproductive output among 218 adult female elephants from 109 groups differing in size, age structure, and average genetic relatedness over 25 months from 2003 to 2005. The distribution in group size has changed little since 1989, but the number of families with tusked old matriarchs has increased by 14.2%. Females from groups that lacked an old matriarch, first-order adult relatives, and strong social bonds had significantly higher fecal glucocorticoid values than those from groups with these features (all females R2 = 0.31; females in multiadult groups R2 = 0.46). Females that frequented isolated areas with historically high poaching risk had higher fecal glucocorticoid values than those in low poaching risk areas. Females with weak bonds and low group relatedness had significantly lower reproductive output (R2[U] = 0.21). Females from disrupted groups, defined as having observed average group relatedness 1 SD below the expected mean for a simulated unpoached family, had significantly lower reproductive output than females from intact groups, despite many being in their reproductive prime. These results suggest that long-term negative impacts from poaching of old, related matriarchs have persisted among adult female elephants 1.5 decades after the 1989 ivory ban was implemented. © 2008 Society for Conservation Biology.	Gene-drop analysis; Glucocorticoids; Loxodonta africana; Microsatellite DNA; Poaching; Relatedness	glucocorticoid; microsatellite DNA; DNA; elephant; group size; hormone; physiology; poaching; population distribution; relatedness; reproductive health; animal; article; chemistry; comparative study; demography; elephant; feces; female; fertility; genetics; pedigree; physiological stress; physiology; season; Tanzania; Animals; Demography; Elephants; Feces; Female; Fertility; Glucocorticoids; Microsatellite Repeats; Pedigree; Seasons; Stress, Physiological; Tanzania; Africa; East Africa; Mikumi National Park; Morogoro [Tanzania]; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Elephantidae; Loxodonta; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907952744	Defining the impact of non-native species	Jeschke J.M., Bacher S., Blackburn T.M., Dick J.T.A., Essl F., Evans T., Gaertner M., Hulme P.E., Kühn I., Mrugała A., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Rabitsch W., Ricciardi A., Richardson D.M., Sendek A., Vilà M., Winter M., Kumschick S.	2014	Conservation Biology	28	5	10.1111/cobi.12299	Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Unit Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, M.B.C., 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria; Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle, Germany	Jeschke, J.M., Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Bacher, S., Unit Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland; Blackburn, T.M., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Dick, J.T.A., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, M.B.C., 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Essl, F., Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria; Evans, T., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom; Gaertner, M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Hulme, P.E., The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch, New Zealand; Kühn, I., Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle, Germany; Mrugała, A., Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Czech Republic; Pergl, J., Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Pyšek, P., Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Rabitsch, W., Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria; Ricciardi, A., Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Sendek, A., Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany; Vilà, M., Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Winter, M., German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Kumschick, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Non-native species cause changes in the ecosystems to which they are introduced. These changes, or some of them, are usually termed impacts; they can be manifold and potentially damaging to ecosystems and biodiversity. However, the impacts of most non-native species are poorly understood, and a synthesis of available information is being hindered because authors often do not clearly define impact. We argue that explicitly defining the impact of non-native species will promote progress toward a better understanding of the implications of changes to biodiversity and ecosystems caused by non-native species; help disentangle which aspects of scientific debates about non-native species are due to disparate definitions and which represent true scientific discord; and improve communication between scientists from different research disciplines and between scientists, managers, and policy makers. For these reasons and based on examples from the literature, we devised seven key questions that fall into 4 categories: directionality, classification and measurement, ecological or socio-economic changes, and scale. These questions should help in formulating clear and practical definitions of impact to suit specific scientific, stakeholder, or legislative contexts. © 2014 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology.	Biological invasions; Definitions; Ecological and socio-economic impacts; Exotic species; Human perception; Invasion biology; Invasive alien species	animal; biodiversity; ecosystem; environmental protection; introduced species; plant; Animals; Biodiversity; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Introduced Species; Plants	FZT 118, DFG, National Research Foundation; JE 288/7-1, DFG, National Research Foundation; NERC, National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation; P504/11/1028, GACR, National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation; SNSF, National Res
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897073950	Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting	Bunnefeld N., Edwards C.T.T., Atickem A., Hailu F., Milner-Gulland E.J.	2013	Conservation Biology	27	6	10.1111/cobi.12120	Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Norway; Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), P.O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bunnefeld, N., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Edwards, C.T.T., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Atickem, A., Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Norway; Hailu, F., Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), P.O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Milner-Gulland, E.J., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on the implications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has been suggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show that overharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophy hunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertainties generated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: the safari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompasses the population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. We investigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies. Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, but poaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interests of companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging community members as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond which the year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a role for government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this level is not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholders when designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address the particular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily. © 2013 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology.	Adaptive management; Conflict; Harvesting; Natural resources; Social-ecological system; Socioeconomics; Sustainability	adaptive management; compliance; conservation management; decision making; deer; environmental monitoring; human behavior; hunting; natural resource; nature-society relations; socioeconomic status; stakeholder; state role; sustainability; wild population; Tragelaphus buxtoni; adaptive management; animal; antelope; article; awards and prizes; colecta; conflict; conflicto; endangered species; environmental protection; harvesting; human; human activities; manejo adaptativo; methodology; motivation; natural resources; physiology; population density; psychological aspect; recursos naturales; sistema socio-ecológico; social-ecological system; socioeconomics; socioeconomía; sustainability; sustentabilidad; adaptive management; colecta; conflict; conflicto; harvesting; manejo adaptativo; natural resources; recursos naturales; sistema socio-ecológico; social-ecological system; socioeconomics; socioeconomía; sustainability; sustentabilidad; Animals; Antelopes; Awards and Prizes; Conservation of Natural Resources; Endangered Species; Human Activities; Humans; Motivation; Population Density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900395921	Combining auctions and performance-based payments in a forest enrichment field trial in Western Kenya	Khalumba M., Wünscher T., Wunder S., Büdenbender M., Holm-Müller K.	2014	Conservation Biology	28	3	10.1111/cobi.12278	Kenyan Forest Service Headquarters, Forest Economic Section, Karura Forest, Off Kiambu Road, P.O. Box 30513-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, 53227, Germany; Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR, Rua do Russel, 450, sala 601, Glória, CEP 22.210-010, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 21, D-53115 Bonn, Germany	Khalumba, M., Kenyan Forest Service Headquarters, Forest Economic Section, Karura Forest, Off Kiambu Road, P.O. Box 30513-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Wünscher, T., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, 53227, Germany; Wunder, S., Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR, Rua do Russel, 450, sala 601, Glória, CEP 22.210-010, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; Büdenbender, M., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, 53227, Germany; Holm-Müller, K., Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 21, D-53115 Bonn, Germany	Cost-effectiveness is an important aspect in the assessment of payments for environmental services (PES) initiatives. In participatory field trials with communities in Western Kenya, we combined procurement auctions for forest enrichment contracts with performance-based payments and compared the outcomes with a baseline scenario currently used by the Kenyan Forest Service. Procurement auctions were the most cost-effective. The competitive nature of the auction reduced contracting expenses (provision costs), and the result-oriented payments provided additional incentives to care for the planted seedlings, resulting in their improved survival rates (service quantity). These gains clearly exceeded increases in transaction costs associated with conducting an auction. The number of income-poor auction participants and winners was disproportionately high and local institutional buy-in was remarkably strong. Our participatory approach may, however, require adaptations when conducted at a larger scale. Although the number of contracts we monitored was limited and prohibited the use of statistical tests, our study is one of the first to reveal the benefits of using auctions for PES in developing countries. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.	Contracting; Cost-effectiveness; Kakamega; PES; Procurement; Tender	cost-benefit analysis; environmental economics; forest management; forestry policy; statistical analysis; survivorship; transaction cost; Kenya; comparative study; cost benefit analysis; economics; environmental protection; forestry; Kenya; procedures; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Forestry; Kenya	None
None	None	At the heart of REDD+: A role for local people in monitoring forests?	Danielsen F., Skutsch M., Burgess N.D., Jensen P.M., Andrianandrasana H., Karky B., Lewis R., Lovett J.C., Massao J., Ngaga Y., Phartiyal P., Poulsen M.K., Singh S.P., Solis S., Sørensen M., Tewari A., Young R., Zahabu E.	2011	Conservation Letters	4	2	10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00159.x	Nordisk Fond for Miljø og Udvikling, Skindergade 23-III, Copenhagen DK-1159, Denmark; CIGA-UNAM, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, Carretera Antigua a Patzcuaro 8701, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico; CSTM - Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Biology Department, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; World Wildlife Fund USA, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-1193, United States; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, B.P. 8511, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, P.O. Box 3226, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal; District, Land and Natural Resources Office, Iringa, Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3151 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; CHEA, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India; Kumaun University, Nainital, India; University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom	Danielsen, F., Nordisk Fond for Miljø og Udvikling, Skindergade 23-III, Copenhagen DK-1159, Denmark; Skutsch, M., CIGA-UNAM, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, Carretera Antigua a Patzcuaro 8701, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, CSTM - Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Burgess, N.D., Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Biology Department, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, World Wildlife Fund USA, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037-1193, United States; Jensen, P.M., Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Andrianandrasana, H., Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, B.P. 8511, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar; Karky, B., International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, P.O. Box 3226, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal; Lewis, R., Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, B.P. 8511, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar; Lovett, J.C., CSTM - Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Massao, J., District, Land and Natural Resources Office, Iringa, Tanzania; Ngaga, Y., Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3151 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Phartiyal, P., CHEA, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India; Poulsen, M.K., Nordisk Fond for Miljø og Udvikling, Skindergade 23-III, Copenhagen DK-1159, Denmark; Singh, S.P., H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India; Solis, S., CIGA-UNAM, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, Carretera Antigua a Patzcuaro 8701, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico; Sørensen, M., Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Tewari, A., Kumaun University, Nainital, India; Young, R., Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Madagascar Programme, B.P. 8511, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Zahabu, E., Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3151 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD+) is a policy mechanism now agreed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from developing countries through the sustainable management of forests, while providing co-benefits of biodiversity conservation and livelihood support. Implementation challenges include linking remote sensing and national forest inventories of carbon stocks, to local implementation and measuring carbon loss from forest degradation. Community-based forest monitoring can help overcome some of these challenges. We show that local people can collect forest condition data of comparable quality to trained scientists, at half the cost. We draw on our experience to propose how and where local REDD+ monitoring can be established. Empowering communities to own and monitor carbon stocks could provide a rapid and cost-effective way of absorbing carbon dioxide emissions, while potentially contributing to local livelihoods and forest biodiversity conservation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Climate change; Co-benefits; Community-based management; Forest degradation; Governance; Locally based monitoring	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903213712	Greater focus needed on alien plant impacts in protected areas	Hulme P.E., Pyšek P., Pergl J., Jarošík V., Schaffner U., Vilà M.	2014	Conservation Letters	7	5	10.1111/conl.12061	The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prů honice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; CABI, Delémont, Switzerland; Estació n Bioló gica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain	Hulme, P.E., The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Pyšek, P., Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prů honice, Czech Republic, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Pergl, J., Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prů honice, Czech Republic; Jarošík, V., Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prů honice, Czech Republic, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Schaffner, U., CABI, Delémont, Switzerland; Vilà, M., Estació n Bioló gica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain	Alien plants pose significant threats to protected areas worldwide yet many studies only describe the degree to which these areas have become invaded. Research must move toward a better understanding of alien plant impacts sincemanagers urgently require an appropriate evidence base to prioritize control/ eradication targets. We analyze a global database of quantitative studies of alien plant impacts to evaluate existing knowledge of alien plant impacts within and outside protected areas. Although protected areas are a significant focus for quantitative impact studies, the biogeographic emphasis of most research effort does not coincide with the global distribution of protected areas nor the plant species or life-forms recognized to have greatest impacts on ecosystems. While impacts were often as significant within protected areas as outside, only a minority of studies provide any subsequent management recommendations. There is therefore considerable scope to improve the evidence base on alien plant management in protected areas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Biological invasions; Community structure; Exotic species; Fire; Macroecology; National parks; Nature reserves; Plant conservation; Soil processes; Weeds	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877351192	Practical implementation of the durability index performance-based design approach	Nganga G., Alexander M., Beushausen H.	2013	Construction and Building Materials	45	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.069	Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Nganga, G., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Alexander, M., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Beushausen, H., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The paper provides a summary of findings from a study that was done to evaluate practicality of Durability Index (DI) performance-based specifications that have been implemented on a large scale in a major infrastructure project involving bridge and other structures in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The practicality of the approach was evaluated by considering: the magnitude and variability in DI test values (Oxygen Permeability Index, OPI, and water sorptivity) and cover depths; applicability of the DI tests in laboratories to determine if correct execution of test procedures is done, in addition to its application on site where samples are obtained; and response of the industry to this recently implemented approach which was assessed from reviewing responses to a questionnaire that was sent out to resident engineers (REs). From the statistical analysis, it was observed that the average values of the durability parameters (OPI, sorptivity and cover depth) in all cases complied with the limiting minimum values. However, for some structures, a high proportion of individual DI test results failed to comply with limiting values. The variability observed in the coefficient of permeability (k) and sorptivity values was high. For cover depth readings the variability measured on structures cast in situ was considerably higher than for precast elements. A mixed perception of the effects of this approach was obtained among engineers; some indicated that it had no effect on construction practices while others felt that, as a result of the performance-based project specifications, stricter controls had been placed in execution of construction practices. From this study it was concluded that the DI performance-based approach offers a potentially useful and practical way to perform quality control of cover concrete. However, certain limitations have to still be overcome to fully reap the potential benefits of this approach. These include high variability in test results (sorptivity, coefficient of permeability), poor quality of test panels, poor communication between site staff and laboratories, difficulties in transport of test panels. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cover concrete; Durability index tests; Performance-based specifications; Quality control; Reinforced concrete	Coefficient of permeability; Cover concrete; Durability index test; Infrastructure project; Performance based design; Performance based specifications; Practical implementation; Project specification; Bridges; Concretes; Quality control; Reinforced concrete; Reinforcement; Specifications; Testing; Durability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745206026	Strength performance of laterized concrete	Udoeyo F.F., Iron U.H., Odim O.O.	2006	Construction and Building Materials	20	10	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.03.002	Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Udoeyo, F.F., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Iron, U.H., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Odim, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	The results of an experimental program to investigate some characteristics of concrete containing laterite as a partial or full replacement of sand is presented in this paper. Sand in a concrete of mix ratio 1:2:4:0.56 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water-cement ratio) was replaced with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% laterite. The results show that concrete with up to 40% replacement level of sand by laterite attained the designed strength of 20 N/mm2, thus indicating the possibility of using laterite as a partial replacement for sand up to this level. It was also observed from the results that the workability of laterite concrete (LATCON) increases with increase in the replacement level of sand by laterite, while the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths and the percentage water absorption of the concrete decrease with increase in the replacement level of sand. Regression models relating the strengths of LATCON are also presented in this paper. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Laterized concrete; Strengths	Absorption; Bending strength; Cements; Elastic moduli; Regression analysis; Sand; Strength of materials; Water; Laterized concrete (LATCON); Partial replacement; Strength performance; Strengths; Concretes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155182064	Comparison of permeable friction course mixtures fabricated using asphalt rubber and performance-grade asphalt binders	Alvarez A.E., Fernandez E.M., Epps Martin A., Reyes O.J., Simate G.S., Walubita L.F.	2012	Construction and Building Materials	28	1	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.085	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; TTI, Texas A and M University System, College Station, TX 77843, United States	Alvarez, A.E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Fernandez, E.M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Epps Martin, A., Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Reyes, O.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Simate, G.S., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Walubita, L.F., TTI, Texas A and M University System, College Station, TX 77843, United States	Permeable friction course mixtures (PFC) are special hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures that are designed to improve motorist safety and reduce traffic noise (i.e., tire-pavement noise). In terms of pavement structural design and construction, PFC mixtures are typically used as the surfacing course layer where in addition to improving the skid resistance, also serve as the surface drainage layer. This paper compares PFC mixtures designed and fabricated using performance grade (PG) and asphalt rubber (AR) asphalt-binders (or asphalts). The experimental design included assessment of total air voids (AV) content, durability, drainability, stone-on-stone contact, and internal structure of the PFC mixtures fabricated using both AR and PG asphalts; denoted herein as AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures, respectively. The analysis conducted provided evidence of differences between AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures that suggest the need for differentiation and refinement of the existing specifications to consider these mixtures as independent materials. Future research should, therefore, focus on defining particular specifications for mix design and control for AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Asphalt rubber (AR); Hot mix asphalt (HMA); Mix design; Performance grade (PG); Permeable friction course mixture (PFC)	Asphalt rubber (AR); Hot mix asphalt (HMA); Mix designs; Performance grade; Permeable friction course; Asphalt; Binders; Curricula; Fabrication; Friction; Noise pollution; Pavements; Rubber; Skid resistance; Specifications; Structural design; Tribology; Mixtures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941337682	Effect of cooling regime on the residual performance of high-volume palm oil fuel ash concrete exposed to high temperatures	Awal A.S.M.A., Shehu I.A., Ismail M.	2015	Construction and Building Materials	98	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.001	Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55Bida Niger State, Nigeria	Awal, A.S.M.A., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Shehu, I.A., Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55Bida Niger State, Nigeria; Ismail, M., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia	This paper presents the experimental findings of a study on the effect of cooling method on the residual performance of concrete containing a high volume of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) exposed to high temperatures. In this study, concrete samples were made in which the ordinary Portland cement was replaced by 50%, 60% and 70% POFA. The test specimens were then thermally treated to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C in an electric furnace for a period of 1 h. The specimens were cured by air cooling or water cooling and examined for ultrasonic pulse velocity and changes in weight and residual compressive strength. At higher temperatures, the reduction in the ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete was higher for all of the mixes. Along with the loss of weight, the residual compressive strength of concrete was also reduced. Of the two regimes, the air-cooling system exhibited better performance in recovering the structural properties of concrete containing a high volume of POFA. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Cooling regime; Elevated temperature; High volume; Palm oil fuel ash; Residual performance	Air; Compressive strength; Concretes; Cooling; Electric furnaces; Fuels; Light velocity; Oil shale; Palm oil; Portland cement; Residual fuels; Ultrasonics; Cooling regimes; Elevated temperature; High volumes; Ordinary Portland cement; Properties of concretes; Residual compressive strength; Residual performance; Ultrasonic pulse velocity; High performance concrete	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883092366	Performance of hydrocarbon particles on the drying shrinkage of cement mortar	Muhammad B., Ismail M.	2013	Construction and Building Materials	48	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.011	Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Nigeria; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	Muhammad, B., Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Nigeria; Ismail, M., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	The inherent volume reduction normally witnessed in hydraulic cement mixes is probably one of the most important threats to its durability as this is often accompanied by deleterious cracks. This paper presents experimental findings on the drying shrinkage of poly(1,4-isoprene) modified-hydraulic cement mortar. Based on mechanical and durability requirements 0-20% (vol.) isoprene/water ratio was employed. Normal and modified mortar specimens were prepared, cured and tested for drying shrinkage. Microstructural details of both normal and modified phases were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, compressive strengths of the hardened mixes and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) of the poly(1,4-isoprene) were noted. Results have indicated a continuous decrease in the drying shrinkage of mortar with a corresponding increase in poly(1,4-isoprene) up to 10% (vol.) isoprene/water ratio, beyond which the shrinkage increases with increase in the isoprene content. Thus, inclusion of optimum content of poly(1,4-isoprene) into the normal hydraulic cement mortar minimizes its drying shrinkage, principally due to blocking effects of the isoprene particles against the inter-particle attraction of the mixed-conglomerate during the volume reduction. Indeed, this could inhibit formation and propagation of harmful cracks. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cement mortar; Cracks; Drying shrinkage; Poly(1,4-isoprene); Scanning electron microscopy	Cement mortars; Drying shrinkages; Hydraulic cement; Micro-structural; Mortar specimens; Poly(1,4-isoprene); Thermogravimetry analysis; Volume reductions; Cements; Compressive strength; Cracks; Durability; Mortar; Scanning electron microscopy; Thermogravimetric analysis; Isoprene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938526082	Use of the MSCR test to characterize the asphalt binder properties relative to HMA rutting performance - A laboratory study	Zhang J., Walubita L.F., Faruk A.N.M., Karki P., Simate G.S.	2015	Construction and Building Materials	94	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.044	Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Zhang, J., Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Walubita, L.F., Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; Faruk, A.N.M., Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; Karki, P., Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; Simate, G.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Abstract Permanent deformation (or rutting) is one of the common distresses occurring in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. HMA is predominantly composed of aggregates and asphalt binder; and the asphalt binder plays a significant role in the HMA performance including permanent deformation and rutting resistance. In order to characterize the properties of the asphalt binder related to HMA rutting, the Superpave performance grade system uses the high-temperature grade, which is determined based on the complex shear modulus (|G∗|) and phase angle (δ) parameter (G∗/sinδ) that is measured from the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. However, G∗/sinδ is not a performance-based parameter. Therefore, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed a performance-based PG binder test, the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test, to supplement the conventional DSR high temperature test. The primary objective of this laboratory study was to compare the two asphalt binder tests (the MSCR and the DSR high-temperature grade) and two HMA rutting related performance tests (the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test [HWTT] and the Repeated Loading Permanent Deformation [RLPD] Test) for characterizing the asphalt binder high temperature properties relative to HMA permanent deformation and rutting performance. For the asphalt binders and HMA evaluated, the MSCR showed a better correlation with the two rutting related performance tests (HWTT and RLPD) than the DSR high temperature grade. Thus, the MSCR test results shows promise to supplement or serve as a surrogate to the existing DSR test in characterizing the asphalt binder high temperature properties that are related to HMA rutting. However, more lab testing and field validation is still warranted to complement the results and findings reported herein. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Asphalt binder; DSR; G∗; HWTT; J<inf>nr</inf>; MSCR; Permanent deformation; RLPD; Rutting	Asphalt; Asphalt pavements; Creep; Deformation; High temperature properties; Highway administration; Asphalt binders; DSR; HWTT; MSCR; Permanent deformations; RLPD; Rutting; Binders	TxDOT, Texas Department of Transportation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908153530	Modelling the impact of outsourcing decisions on facilities management service-level performance: a case of Nigeria’s public hospitals	Ikediashi D., Mbamali I.	2014	Construction Management and Economics	32	11	10.1080/01446193.2014.961497	Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Ikediashi, D., Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Mbamali, I., Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	The evolving trends within the facilities management (FM) domain over the past decades mean that it is becoming increasingly complex while the interrelationship between FM services provision and the decision to outsource has added more pressure to the issue of strategic decision management in FM. Using data from Nigeria’s public hospitals, a developed conceptual model is tested in an attempt to understand the underlying attributes of outsourcing decisions and their links to FM services performance. The hypothesized model employs structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology to examine the relationships between five latent constructs of the outsourcing decision and their relative impact on FM services performance. Findings reveal that quality consideration is one of the most significant drivers impacting on service performance of FM services in hospitals. What is surprising, however, is the rejection of the proposition that strategy-related factors impact on service-level performance while social factors do not have a significant impact on service-level performance. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to the current methodological literature on the use of SEM for analysing complex interactions within the FM industry domain while they will avail practitioners of the key components of the outsourcing decision that are having the most significant impact on service performance. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	Facilities management; Nigeria; outsourcing; structural equation modelling	Facilities management; Nigeria; Outsourcing decisions; Service levels; Structural equation modelling; Outsourcing; business service; hospital sector; numerical model; outsourcing; statistical analysis; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930627593	The impact of banks and stock market development on economic growth in South Africa: An ARDL-bounds testing approach	Nyasha S., Odhiambo N.M.	2015	Contemporary Economics	9	1	10.5709/ce.1897-9254.161	UNISA, Department of Economics, South Africa	Nyasha, S., UNISA, Department of Economics, South Africa; Odhiambo, N.M., UNISA, Department of Economics, South Africa	This paper examines the impact of both bank- and market-based financial development on economic growth in South Africa during the period from 1980 to 2012. Unlike some previous studies, the current study employs means-removed average to construct both bank- and market-based financial development indices. The study uses the newly developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to examine this linkage. The empirical results of this study show that there is a positive relationship between bank-based financial development and economic growth in South Africa. The results, however, fail to find any relationship between market-based financial development and economic growth in South Africa. The results apply irrespective of whether the regression analysis is conducted in the short run or in the long run. These results imply that it is bank-based financial development rather than market-based financial development that plays a pivotal role in propelling South Africa’s real sector. © 2015, Wyzsza Szkola Finansow i Zarzadzania w Warszawie. All rights reserved.	Bank-based financial development; Economic growth; Market-based financial development; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937411313	The impact of corporate social responsibility on firms’ financial performance in South Africa	Chetty S., Naidoo R., Seetharam Y.	2015	Contemporary Economics	9	2	10.5709/ce.1897-9254.167	University of the Witwatersrand - School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa	Chetty, S., University of the Witwatersrand - School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa; Naidoo, R., University of the Witwatersrand - School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa; Seetharam, Y., University of the Witwatersrand - School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa	If Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities are beyond a firm’s legal obligations and potentially require a sacrifice in short-term profits, why do firms promote CSR? This question motivates this investigation of the impact of CSR on a firm’s Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). This relationship is examined for the period from 2004 to 2013 in South Africa. We assess the short-term impact of CSR announcements on financial returns of firms included in or excluded from the Johannesburg Securities Exchange Socially Responsible Investment Index and determine whether there is a difference in the long-term CFP between these two groups for the entire period. The event study methodology shows that investors were rewarded in 2004 and 2012, when firms entered the index, and were penalized in 2013, when firms exited the index. When using regression analysis, the various industries provide mixed results between CSR and CFP for firms over the long term. Based on these results, we find that CSR activities lead to no significant differences in financial performance. © 2015, Wyzsza Szkola Finansow i Zarzadzania w Warszawie. All rights reserved.	Corporate social responsibility; Financial markets; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907680981	Is consumer confidence an indicator of JSE performance?	Solanki K., Seetharam Y.	2014	Contemporary Economics	8	3	10.5709/ce.1897-9254.144	University of the Witwatersrand, School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa	Solanki, K., University of the Witwatersrand, School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa; Seetharam, Y., University of the Witwatersrand, School of Economic and Business Sciences, South Africa	While most studies examine the impact of business confidence on market performance, we instead focus on the consumer because consumer spending habits are a natural extension of trading activity on the equity market. This particular study examines investor sentiment as measured by the Consumer Confidence Index in South Africa and its effect on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). We employ Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship across time between the Consumer Confidence Index and market performance. The results show weak evidence of a contemporaneous relationship; however, significant evidence of a Granger caused relationship is apparent. Further, changes in investor sentiment Granger-cause changes in the two indices used, generally with a lag of 9 and 12 months, but not vice versa. Thus, we find that Consumer Confidence leads JSE performance during our sample period. Our research provides evidence contradicting the common perception of consumer confidence lagging market performance, particularly in the South African context. © 2007 University of Finance and Management in Warsaw & Vizja Press&IT.	Behavioral finance; Consumer confidence; Financial markets; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880612922	Quality versus quantity: The use of observation by early childhood educators in improving the performance of children enrolled in preschool programs in ghana	Tackie-ofosu V., Bentum K.	2013	Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood	14	1	10.2304/ciec.2014.14.1.99	University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Northwest Special Education Cooperative, Freeport, IL, United States	Tackie-ofosu, V., University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Bentum, K., Northwest Special Education Cooperative, Freeport, IL, United States	In the current study, the authors explored how early childhood educators used observation to support children in the learning environment. The objectives set were to find out the observation methods teachers used, ascertain their understanding of child observation, find out activities children undertook, and how teachers documented what children did and said during play activities. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design, using in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and photography, was considered appropriate for this research. Three main themes emerged in this study: Teachers or Playmates?, Observation as in Supervision, and Observation or Resources? The results of the study revealed that supervision of activities that children engaged in was equated to observation. Lack of observational skills, resources, and poor record keeping emerged as areas of concern. Implications for child development are rooted in the need for teachers to recognize the educational needs of children via observation and to develop appropriate strategies to address identified needs.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944736707	Play as an Aesthetic Discourse in African Cultural Performances	C. Chinyowa K.	2015	Contemporary Theatre Review	25	4	10.1080/10486801.2015.1078320	Faculty of Arts, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	C. Chinyowa, K., Faculty of Arts, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Although much has been written about African cultural performances either as anthropological material or as oral literature, not much has been done to interrogate the artistic form that frames these cultural texts. Admittedly, African oral literature has made significant strides towards the understanding of the cultural performance texts but the major shortcoming has been the tendency to view these performances from a utilitarian rather than an aesthetic point of view. For instance, most of the scholarship on African oral literature is more concerned about what Joel Yinka Adedeji termed the 'functional quality' of the cultural performances than the means by which they come to be realised. This paper argues that play is the means by which African cultural performances express themselves. The paper explores how play manifests itself in selected Shona cultural performances such as children's games, storytelling, ritual ceremony, song, and dance. The paper argues that play is the structuring or patterning element in African cultural performances. In other words, African cultural performances are carried out within an aesthetic frame that is circumscribed by play. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644848750	Performance of the Reality® polyurethane female condom and a synthetic latex prototype: A randomized crossover trial among South African women	Beksinska M., Smit J., Mabude Z., Vijayakumar G., Joanis C.	2006	Contraception	73	4	10.1016/j.contraception.2005.07.015	Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Department of Development Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Beksinska, M., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Smit, J., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Mabude, Z., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Vijayakumar, G., Department of Development Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Joanis, C., Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Objective: This multisite, randomized, crossover trial comparing the performance of the Reality® female condom (FC1) with a new synthetic latex prototype (FC2) was conducted in Durban, South Africa. Method: In total, 276 women were enrolled and 201 women completed the study. Altogether, 1910 FC1 condoms and 1881 FC2 condoms were used. Results: Total breakage was 0.73% in FC1 and 0.85% in FC2 (95% confidence interval, -0.64 to 0.87). The number of clinical breakages (those that could result in a pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection) was similar for each condom type (FC1, n=9; FC2, n=8). Incorrect penetration (penis between condom and vaginal wall) was 1.26% and 0.64% for FC1 and FC2, respectively. Outer ring displacements (outer ring pushed into the vagina partially or fully) were comparable for both condoms (FC1, 3.14%; FC2, 2.98%). Slippage (condom came out of the vagina) was rare and reported in 0.37% or less of devices used. Total clinical failure was 5.24% in FC1 and 4.3% in FC2. Conclusion: The FC1 and FC2 performed comparably within this trial. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Barrier methods; Female condom; Performance; Randomized trial; Reality; Synthetic latex	latex; polyetherurethan; polyurethan; adult; article; clinical trial; condom; confidence interval; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; female; human; human experiment; intermethod comparison; pregnancy; randomized controlled trial; sexual intercourse; sexually transmitted disease; South Africa; crossover procedure; equipment; statistics; Adult; Condoms, Female; Cross-Over Studies; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Latex; Polyurethanes; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000313929000021	Evaluating feasibility, reach and potential impact of a text message family planning information service in Tanzania	Lasway, Christine,L'Engle, Kelly L.,Ndakidemi, Elizabeth,Vandat, Heather L.,Zan, Trinity	2013	CONTRACEPTION	87	2	10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.009	FHI 360	None	Background: The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility, reach and potential behavioral impact of providing automated family planning information via mobile phones to the general public in Tanzania. Study Design: Data from users of the Mobile for Reproductive Health (m4RH) program were collected during the 10-month pilot period. First, contraceptive methods queried by each user were electronically logged by the mobile phone system. Second, four text questions assessing gender, age, promotion point and potential family planning impact were sent to every user. Results: During the pilot period, 2870 unique users accessed m4RH in Tanzania, resulting in 4813 queries about specific contraceptive methods. Among those responding to text questions, 56% were female and approximately 60% were 29 or younger years in age. A variety of changes in family planning use were mentioned after using m4RH, with reported changes consistent with where users are in their reproductive life cycle. Conclusions: Reaching younger people, women and men of reproductive age with family planning information delivered via mobile phone is recommended. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"FAMILY PLANNING",MEN,"MOBILE PHONES",Tanzania,YOUTH,COMMUNICATION,KENYA,MEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448937088	Stable isotope study of the Archaean rocks of the Vredefort impact structure, central Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa	Fagereng Å., Harris C., La Grange M., Stevens G.	2008	Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology	155	1	10.1007/s00410-007-0224-6	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand	Fagereng, Å., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand; Harris, C., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; La Grange, M., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Stevens, G., Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The Vredefort dome in the Kaapvaal Craton was formed as a result of the impact of a large meteorite at 2.02 Ga. The central core of Archaean granitic basement rocks is surrounded by a collar of uplifted and overturned strata of the Witwatersrand Supergroup, exposing a substantial depth section of the Archaean crust. Orthogneisses of the core show little variation in whole-rock δ18O value, with the majority being between 8 and 10‰, with a mean of 9.2% (n = 35). Quartz and feldspar have per mil differences that are consistent with O-isotope equilibrium at high temperatures, suggesting minimal interaction with fluids during subsequent cooling. These data refute previous suggestions that the Outer Granite Gneiss (OGG) and Inlandsee Leucogranofels (ILG) of the core represent middle and lower crust, respectively. Granulite-facies greenstone remnants from the ILG have δ18O values that are on average 1.5% higher than the ILG host rocks and are unlikely, therefore, to represent the residuum from the partial melting event that formed the host rock. Witwatersrand Supergroup sedimentary rocks of the collar, which were metamorphosed at greenschist-to amphibolite-facies conditions, generally have lower δ18O values than the core rocks with a mean value for metapelites of 7.7% (n = 45). Overall, through an 20 km thick section of crust, there is a general increase in whole-rock δ18O value with increasing depth. This is the reverse of what is normal in the crust, largely because the collar rocks have δ18O values that are unusually low in comparison with metamorphosed sedimentary rocks worldwide. The collar rocks have δD values ranging from -35 to -115‰ (average -62‰, n = 29), which are consistent with interaction with water of meteoric origin, having a δD of about -25 to -45‰. We suggest that fluid movement through the collar rocks was enhanced by impact-induced secondary permeability in the dome structure. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	Archaean basement; Fluid-rock interaction; Stable isotopes; Vredefort impact structure; Witwatersrand Supergroup	Archean; basement rock; granite; granulite facies; greenstone; host rock; impact structure; lower crust; meteorite; orthogneiss; partial melting; stable isotope; Africa; Free State; Kaapvaal Craton; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome; Witwatersrand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645111948	Performance comparison of controllers acting on a batch pulp digester using Monte Carlo modelling	Sandrock C., de Vaal P., Weightman D.	2006	Control Engineering Practice	14	8	10.1016/j.conengprac.2005.05.009	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Sappi Saiccor (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 62, Umkomaas 4170, South Africa	Sandrock, C., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; de Vaal, P., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Weightman, D., Sappi Saiccor (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 62, Umkomaas 4170, South Africa	Finding a suitable control structure for any process usually involves comparing the performance of different possible control structures and choosing one which best satisfies chosen criteria. It is desirable to do this performance comparison off-line, as installation of a sub-optimal controller will cost both time and money. Monte Carlo modelling provides a well documented method of evaluating the statistical properties of stochastic systems. Applied to control system design, Monte Carlo modelling can incorporate detailed process models and accurate estimates of input distributions to give an accurate estimate of the effect of different control strategies on the system. In this study, Monte Carlo modelling was used to compare three candidate controllers in order to determine the best controller in terms of two criteria, namely variance reduction and setpoint tracking. The modelling technique yielded results that could be interpreted without difficulty, showing one controller to be clearly superior to the others according to these criteria. These results can be used to implement the best controller without expensive trial and error procedures. In situ experiments on an operational digester correlated well with the simulation results, showing the best controller to reduce variance by 43% and reduce the mean error by 90% when compared to the controller currently in use. It is shown that Monte Carlo modelling is a viable technique for controller performance analysis on highly nonlinear processes, due to the increasing availability of powerful computing systems. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Batch; Control; Monte Carlo; Nonlinear; Performance; Pulp digester	Computer simulation; Control system synthesis; Correlation methods; Mathematical models; Monte Carlo methods; Nonlinear control systems; Process control; Batch pulp digester; Controller performance analysis; Pulp digesters; Computer simulation; Control system synthesis; Correlation methods; Mathematical models; Monte Carlo methods; Nonlinear control systems; Process control; Pulp digesters; Batch Digesters; Control Systems; Correlation; Mathematical Models; Process Control; Pulping; Simulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650606769	Postoperative complications after primary adult optical penetrating keratoplasty: Prevalence and impact on graft survival	Wagoner M.D., Ba-Abbad R., Al-Mohaimeed M., Al-Swailem S., Zimmerman M.B.	2009	Cornea	28	4	10.1097/ICO.0b013e31818d3aef	Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States	Wagoner, M.D., Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Ba-Abbad, R., Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Al-Mohaimeed, M., Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Al-Swailem, S., Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Zimmerman, M.B., Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States	PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of postoperative complications and their impact on graft survival after primary adult optical penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). METHODS: A retrospective review was done of consecutive cases of PKP performed between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2001, for keratoconus, corneal edema, stromal scarring, and stromal dystrophy. RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met by 910 eyes, including 464 with keratoconus, 188 with corneal edema, 175 with stromal scarring, and 83 with stromal dystrophy. One or more complications occurred in 362 eyes (39.8%). The most common complication was endothelial rejection (17.3%), followed by glaucoma worsening (15.5%), bacterial keratitis (5.8%), persistent epithelial defects (3.4%), and wound dehiscence (1.6%). There were significant differences among the surgical groups in overall prevalence of complications (P < 0.001) and with the prevalence of endothelial rejection (P = 0.01), glaucoma worsening (P < 0.001), bacterial keratitis (P = 0.04), and persistent epithelial defects (P = 0.02). Complication-associated graft failure varied significantly among the surgical groups (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of post-PKP complications and their impact on graft survival vary significantly among surgical indications for primary adult optical PKP. © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Complications; Graft survival; Penetrating keratoplasty	prednisolone acetate; adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; cornea disease; cornea dystrophy; cornea edema; drug dose reduction; endophthalmitis; glaucoma; graft failure; graft rejection; graft survival; human; keratitis; keratoconus; major clinical study; penetrating keratoplasty; postoperative complication; prevalence; priority journal; school child; stromal scarring; wound dehiscence; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Survival; Humans; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650585880	In vitro transcorneal diffusion of the antimicrobial macrolides azithromycin and clarithromycin and the impact on microbial keratitis	Van Eyk A.D., Seifart H.I., Meyer D., Van Der Bijl P.	2009	Cornea	28	4	10.1097/ICO.0b013e31818c901f	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Van Eyk, A.D., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Seifart, H.I., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Meyer, D., Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Van Der Bijl, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa	PURPOSE: To compare the in vitro penetration of azithromycin and clarithromycin across both human and rabbit corneas. METHODS: In vitro diffusion studies were performed on frozen-thawed (liquid nitrogen, -80°C) corneas using a flow-through diffusion apparatus (24 hours, 20°C, 1.5 mL/h). Either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 2 mg/g polyacrylic acid (Teargel) formulations of clarithromycin and azithromycin (1 or 4 mg/mL) were used in the donor chambers. Effluent samples collected (2 hours) were analyzed using binary high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with either UV/VIS or tandem mass spectrometry detection. RESULTS: The flux values of azithromycin (PBS and polyacrylic acid) across both types of corneas showed concentration dependence. Polyacrylic acid formulations showed a decrease in flux values of azithromycin across both types of corneas. For clarithromycin, flux values across both types of corneas were ~2.3-2.4 times higher than azithromycin. The flux values of azithromycin at 4 mg/mL (PBS and polyacrylic acid) across human cornea were higher than those across rabbit cornea, whereas the inverse was true at 1 mg/mL PBS for both drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Both macrolides penetrated the corneas, and the flux values were found to be concentration dependent (azithromycin). Clarithromycin had a higher diffusion rate across corneas than azithromycin. Although the human cornea had a higher permeability to azithromycin at a higher concentration, the inverse was found at lower concentrations for both drugs. Rabbit cornea can be used in general as an in vitro permeability model for human cornea; however, care must be taken with the extrapolation of results. © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Azithromycin; Clarithromycin; Cornea; In vitro diffusion; Permeability	azithromycin; carbomer; clarithromycin; phosphate buffered saline; polyacrylic acid; antimicrobial activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug concentration; drug penetration; high performance liquid chromatography; human; keratitis; liquid chromatography; nonhuman; priority journal; steady state; tandem mass spectrometry; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clarithromycin; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Diffusion; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rabbits; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949152248	Human resource systems in Kenya: A case study of hotel human resources performance	Onyango F.E., Okech R.N.	2008	Cornell Hospitality Quarterly	49	4	10.1177/1938965508326390	Department of Ecotourism, Hotel and Institution Management, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya	Onyango, F.E., Department of Ecotourism, Hotel and Institution Management, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya; Okech, R.N., Department of Ecotourism, Hotel and Institution Management, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya	A study of 160 managers and employees in four hotels in Nairobi and Mombasa, Kenya, found that functionally flexible human resource systems in conjunction with differentiation strategies are associated with high organizational performance, whereas numerically flexible human resource systems and cost-reduction strategies are linked with low organizational performance. Functionally flexible human resources systems emphasize mutual obligations between management and workers. By contrast, numerically flexible human resources systems are based on a straight work-for-hire relationship, in which employment is subject to unilateral termination at any time by employee or employer. The research also found that the independent hotels pursued numerically flexible human resource systems in conjunction with cost-reduction strategies, whereas the chain hotels applied functionally flexible human resource systems and differentiation-focus strategies. © 2008 Cornell University.	Human resource systems; Kenya; Mombasa hotels; Nairobi hotels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954229716	Retaining and properly developing employees: Could this impact professional conduct?	Kappo-Abidemi C., Iwu C.G., Allen-Ile C.	2015	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	11	3	None	Department of People Development and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Potsdam Campus, South Africa; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Kappo-Abidemi, C., Department of People Development and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Potsdam Campus, South Africa; Iwu, C.G., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Allen-Ile, C., University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Human resource retention and development (HRRD) relationship with public servants’ professionalism is examined in this study. Variables such as performance appraisal, training and motivation are used to measure HRRD and the effect on professional output of public service employees are examined. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were adopted; four hundred and seventy six (476) useable questionnaires were retrieved from respondents and used in the quantitative analysis, while three different groups consisting of between eight to twelve people were involved in focus group discussions. Inferential statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was organised into themes. Findings indicate among others a lack of motivation among Nigerian public servants in terms of salaries and other incentives that could have enhanced performance output. Likewise, training and developmental strategy embarked on presently is not problem targeted. Therefore, a revamp of the current performance appraisal system is suggested amongst many others. © Virtus interpress 2015.	Employee retention; Nigerian public service; Professional conduct; Training and development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941949598	Impact of corporate social responsibility on employee engagement: A case of Eskom in South Africa	Kweyama F.S., Cassim S., Munapo E., Mutambara E.	2015	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	11	2	None	Graduate School of Business and Leadership, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Kweyama, F.S., Graduate School of Business and Leadership, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Cassim, S.; Munapo, E.; Mutambara, E.	The emergence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a business management concept in the fifties ushered in a new error in the way business view its various stakeholders. Chief among the stakeholders are the employees by virtue of being the brains behind the organization. This study assesses the impact of CSR programmes on Employee Engagement (EE) in the South African State Owned Power Company, Eskom. In particular, the study interrogates the impact of the three CSR dimensions of awareness, involvement and environmental awareness vis-a-vis the two dimensions of EE, namely, Job Engagement (JE) and Organizational Engagement (OE). A total of 380 Eskom employees were used as participants. The major findings were that organizational leaders are eager to implement CSR strategies. The study further revealed realistic and practical practises to broaden understanding of the current status of the organization, understanding EE and understanding the role CSR could play as a potential Human Resources (HR) tool to engage employees for Eskom and other organizations in general. The study concludes by recommending further research across industries to address the relationship between CSR initiatives and EE. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Corporate social responsibility; Employee, job and organizational engagements; Involvement, awareness and environmental dimensions	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901337173	Perceptions of organisational readiness for the performance management system: A case study of a university of technology	Sibongiseni Ngcamu B.	2012	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	8	3	None	Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa	Sibongiseni Ngcamu, B., Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa	The absence of a single performance management system (PMS) aligned to institutional strategy and business processes often results in failure to deliver anticipated benefits as it is not cascaded down to all departments, teams or individuals. This study aims to determine employees' expectations for the proposed PMS and their perceptions of the system's impact on effectiveness within the university concerned. This study adopted a quantitative research design and a survey method was used, whereby, a structured questionnaire was administered by the researcher to a selected population size of 150 of which 108 completed questionnaires, generating a response rate of 72%. The study reflects a disproportionately high percentage of 34% of the respondents who disagreed and 21.3% who were undecided as to whether PMS is needed at the university concerned where the majority of these respondents being academics and those with matriculation. The university concerned should develop a PMS which is aligned to the university strategic plan and to other university policies coupled with structured change management interventions focusing on academics and semi-skilled employees.	Academics; Effectiveness; Performance management system; Rewards strategies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941961528	Specific performance as a primary remedy in the South African law of contract	Kanamugire J.C.	2015	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	11	2	None	North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Kanamugire, J.C., North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Specific performance is a primary remedy for breach of contract available for the aggrieved party. This order emphasises the performance of contractual obligations. Although the plaintiff can elect to claim specific performance from the defendant, the court has a discretion to grant or decline the order of specific performance. The discretion must be exercised judicially and does not confine on rigid rules. Courts decide each case according to its own facts and circumstances. Plaintiff has a right of election whether to claim specific performance from the defendant or damages for breach of contract. The defendant does not enjoy any choice in this matter. As a general rule, specific performance is not often awarded in the contract of services. However, recent developments have demonstrated that specific performance will usually be granted in employment contracts if there is equality of bargaining power among contracting parties and such order will not produce undue hardship to the defaulting party. Public policy generally favours the utmost freedom of contract and requires that parties should respect or honour their contractual obligations in commercial transactions. Public policy is rooted in the constitution and can sparingly be used to strike down contracts. Specific performance should not continue to be a primary remedy for breach of contract. Contracting parties should be allowed to resile from the contract and use damages as a remedy for breach of contract. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Breach of contract; Damages; Judicial discretion; Specific performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901376632	The impact of board structure on the financial performance of listed South African companies	Meyer E., de Wet J.H.V.H.	2013	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	9	3	None	University of Pretoria, Lynnwood road, Pretoria, South Africa	Meyer, E., University of Pretoria, Lynnwood road, Pretoria, South Africa; de Wet, J.H.V.H., University of Pretoria, Lynnwood road, Pretoria, South Africa	This study focuses on the role of the corporate board of directors and the relationship between the dynamics of board structure and the financial performance of listed South African companies. The research results found that the proportion of independent non-executive directors had a significant positive effect on firm performance as measured by earnings per share and enterprise value, but had no significant effect on Tobin's Q ratio. Board ownership had a significant negative correlation with firm performance as measured by earnings per share, enterprise value and Tobin's Q ratio. The number of directors serving on the corporate board had a significant positive effect on firm performance as measured by earnings per share, enterprise value and Tobin's Q ratio. The study suggests that greater independent non-executive director representation, lower board share-ownership and larger board sizes should be encouraged to enhance firm performance.	Board composition; Board ownership; Board size; Corporate governance; Earnings per Share; Enterprise value; Independent non-executive directors; Tobin's Q ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936755032	Board structure and performance in Ethiopian microfinance institutions	Wale L.E.	2015	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	11	1CONT1	None	University of South Africa, South Africa	Wale, L.E., University of South Africa, South Africa	This research investigated the effect of one governance dimension, board structure on the sustainability and outreach performance of Ethiopian MFIs. A panel data of 13 MFIs for 6 years (2003-2008) is used for the study. No study of such type is conducted in the past for the Ethiopian environment. The results indicate an experienced manager, a larger board size and educated board members all help to increase sustainability with board education having the largest effect. Manager experience and board size also have a negative effect on depth of outreach (i.e. less lending to women). Board independence has no visible effect on either sustainability or outreach. Surprisingly, no governance variable explains breath of outreach. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Ethiopia; Governance; Outreach; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349634151	The challenge of integrating sustainability into talent and organization strategies: Investing in the knowledge, skills and attitudes to achieve high performance	Arnott J., Lacy P., Lowitt E.	2009	Corporate Governance	9	4	10.1108/14720700910985025	Accenture, Kelvin, South Africa; Accenture, London, United Kingdom; Accenture, Boston, MA, United States	Arnott, J., Accenture, Kelvin, South Africa; Lacy, P., Accenture, London, United Kingdom; Lowitt, E., Accenture, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose - This paper aims to address the importance of a framework for developing employees' sustainability knowledge, skills, and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws on in-depth interviews with executives from five Fortune 1000 companies that are viewed as market leaders in addressing sustainability. Findings - This paper provides a series of initiatives to equip their employees' talent - from top executives to employees throughout the organization - with the much needed, but often sorely lacking knowledge, skills and attitudes to spearhead efforts to attend to sustainability both today and tomorrow. Practical implications - The usefulness of demonstrating a company's suite of ongoing initiatives to address sustainability to potential employees during the recruiting process is highlighted by each company. Originality/value - The framework covered by this paper can help companies enhance their talent management skills. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Employees; Leadership development; Management development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250304749	Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of SMEs in Ghana: Implications for financing opportunities	Abor J., Biekpe N.	2007	Corporate Governance	7	3	10.1108/14720700710756562	University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana	Abor, J., University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana; Biekpe, N., University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose - This study seeks to assess how the adoption of corporate governance structures affects the performance of SMEs (small to medium-sized enterprises) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach - Regression analysis is used to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and ownership structure and performance. Findings - The results show that board size, board composition, management skill level, CEO duality, inside ownership, family business, and foreign ownership have significantly positive impacts on profitability. Corporate governance can greatly assist the SME sector by infusing better management practices, stronger internal auditing, greater opportunities for growth and new strategic outlook through non-executive directors. It is clear that corporate governance structures influence performance of SMEs in Ghana. Originality/value - This paper provides insights on the effects of corporate governance and ownership structure on the performance of Ghanaian SMEs. The paper also shows the implications of SMEs gaining access to finance as a result of adopting a good governance system. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate governance; Corporate ownership; Ghana; Performance management; Small to medium-sized enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867812779	Board characteristics and the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms	Ujunwa A.	2012	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	12	5	10.1108/14720701211275587	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	Ujunwa, A., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate board characteristics on the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms. Board characteristics studied comprise board size, board skill, board nationality, board gender, board ethnicity and CEO duality. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed the random-effects and fixed-effects generalised least squares (GLS) regression to test the six hypotheses formulated for the study, while controlling for firm size and firm age. Findings: Using panel data from 122 quoted firms in Nigeria between 1991 and 2008, it was found that board size, CEO duality and gender diversity were negatively linked with firm performance, whereas board nationality, board ethnicity and the number of board members with a PhD qualification were found to impact positively on firm performance. The result of the robustness test using the same board characteristics for 160 small firms showed that board duality was positively linked to firm performance, while a PhD qualification was negatively linked to firm performance. Practical implications: The study contributes to the understanding of the board-performance link by examining both the traditional variables such as board size, CEO duality and other organisational attributes such as ethnic diversity, foreign nationality and competence variables represented by women and PhD holders, respectively. The results provide an insight for practitioners and policy makers on the importance of relying on institutional specifics in the prescription of corporate governance codes. Originality/value: The study adds value to the global corporate governance discourse in two ways: first, the use of Nigeria, which is claimed to have one of the weakest business cultures in the world, and secondly, using a good number of proxies that are country-specific for corporate boards. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Board characteristics; Boards of Directors; Corporate governance; Firm performance; Regression analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878241427	New corporate code and immediate performance change of the Nigerian firms	Adewuyi A.O., Olowookere A.E.	2013	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	13	2	10.1108/14720701311316643	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowookere, A.E., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: This study aims to investigate the immediate impact of a newly released code of governance on the financial performance of Nigerian companies. Tests are carried out to determine whether firms that comply more with the code experience better performance. Design/methodology/approach: The governance change of Nigerian listed firms after the newly released code is classified into ex ante good governance change or ex ante bad governance change; the differences in performance between the good governance change firms and bad governance change firms are then compared. Since firms in any year can change more than one governance indicator, an index of aggregate governance change is computed and the performance of firms from two extreme governance rankings is compared. Findings: It is found that in the immediate period after the release of the code, Nigerian firms reorganised their governance mechanism, and this sometimes involved substitution among mechanisms. However, the performance increase accrued to any firm with reorganisation towards a good mechanism could have been eroded when the same firm instituted a change towards another mechanism that matches the definition of bad change. This therefore makes an attempt to differentiate performance based on governance change (pre- and post-new code) difficult and insignificant. Originality/value: This study contributes to the scarce literature on corporate governance and firm performance in developing countries. Specifically, it can be regarded as the first study to test the immediate impact of a new code of governance on Nigerian firms. Equally, the adopted methodology makes it the first study to compute and test an aggregate index of governance change for Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agency problem; Companies; Corporate code; Corporate governance; Firms; Governance; Governance substitution; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84956486629	Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sustainable business practices: framework and empirical illustration	Dos Santos M.A.O., Svensson G., Padin C.	2014	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	14	4	10.1108/CG-02-2013-0022	Department of Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Oslo School of Management, Oslo, Norway; Vigo University, Spain	Dos Santos, M.A.O., Department of Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Svensson, G., Oslo School of Management, Oslo, Norway; Padin, C., Vigo University, Spain	Purpose – This study aims to illustrate what and how a South African retail chain implements, monitors and evaluates its sustainable business practices using economic, ecological and social areas of indices. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the content analysis of public documents, such as sustainability and annual reports, of a retail chain. An assessment of sustainability and annual reports for 2008-2011 has been considered to examine how and what this retail chain implements, monitors and evaluates in its sustainable business practices. Findings – Woolworths has a sustainability programme in place that assures that the efforts of sustainable business practices are implemented, monitored and evaluated properly and that their targets for each area of indices are accomplished. Research limitations/implications – The content analysis shows that the areas of indices are important in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of Woolworths’ spectrum of efforts in sustainability business practices. Practical implications – The study demonstrates practically how Woolworths South Africa implements, monitors and evaluates its sustainable business practices using various areas of indices which fall under the three pillars of sustainability, namely, economic, environmental and social. Originality/value – This research provides insight on what and how a retail chain in South Africa implements, monitors and evaluates its sustainable business practices over time. It also offers an insight into the strategic approach beyond the company’s judicial frontiers and into the supply chain. Furthermore, it shows how a company’s business network can be committed to change towards sustainable business practices. © 2014, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Areas of indices; Business; Retail industry; South Africa; Sustainable; Triple bottom line; Woolworths	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878862975	The effect of governance on performance of commercial banks in Kenya: A panel study	Nyamongo E.M., Temesgen K.	2013	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	13	3	10.1108/CG-12-2010-0107	Research and Policy Analysis Department, Central Bank of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Economics and Business, Moi University, Nairobi, Kenya	Nyamongo, E.M., Research and Policy Analysis Department, Central Bank of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Temesgen, K., School of Economics and Business, Moi University, Nairobi, Kenya	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of corporate governance on the performance of 37 commercial banks in Kenya over the period 2005-2009. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses two measures of performance, i.e. return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), and the dependent variables and three measures of governance - namely the board size, independent directors, and CEO duality - as the key independent variables. The study follows a panel econometrics technique to investigate the relationship between governance variables and bank performance. Findings: The main findings are as follows: a large board size tends to impact performance negatively; the existence of independent board directors tends to enhance the performance of the banks; and there is no evidence that CEO duality or otherwise has impact on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Practical implications: The study therefore recommends that for commercial banks in Kenya to register high performance they need to check the size of their board of directors and also increase the number of independent directors. Originality/value: To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study on Kenya that has used advanced panel data techniques. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Commercial banks; Governance; Kenya; Organizational performance; Panel data	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897143998	The impact of financial structure on profitability of firms: A cross-sectional industry analysis of Nigerian quoted firms	Ekumankama O.O.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	1 E	None	Banking and Finance Department, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, African Institute of Applied Economics, Nigeria	Ekumankama, O.O., Banking and Finance Department, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, African Institute of Applied Economics, Nigeria	This study empirically examines the impact of financial structure decision on the profitability of Nigerian quoted firms. Cross-sectional time series data of 72 Nigerian quoted firms were collated and analysed. Two hypotheses were proposed for the study, while the ordinary least square (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and the gerneralised least square (GLS) regression were used on pooled and panel data to estimate the relationship between financial leverage and the different measures of profitability in Nigeria quoted firms. In determining the extent of the influence of leverage on the dependent variables, most of the industrial groups showed evidence of sizable positive influence of leverage on profitability and earnings yield. This was significant and robust with all the measures of leverage.	Cross-sectional analysis; Finance; Listed firms; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944549252	Corporate social responsibility and organisational performance of a professional football club in South Africa	Moyo T., Davies S.E.H., Joubert E.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT5	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Moyo, T., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Davies, S.E.H., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Joubert, E., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	This research investigated the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and organisational performance at Ajax Cape Town FC a professional football club in the South African Premier Soccer League (PSL). The data collected suggested that Ajax Cape Town FC employed CSR initiatives and consequently enjoyed various benefits from these activities. The CSR activities facilitated access to the club’s target market, developed and improved mutually beneficial relations with the community and consequently Ajax Cape Town FC experienced increased trust, a positive brand image and stronger loyalty from their fans. The outcomes of this study provide an insight into a South African professional football club and demonstrate how CSR initiatives can be used to successfully improve organisational performance. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Civil law; Common law; Corporate governance; Hedge funds; Shareholder activism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937886083	Business environment and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises: A study of Lagos state, Nigeria	Titus O.A.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4CONT4	None	College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Titus, O.A., College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	The financial outcome of an enterprise is perceived to have some relationships with its operational environment. This study analysed the business environment as a correlate of financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as to contribute to environment-enterprise policy mechanisms and regulatory framework, industry and management practices. Relevant definitional criteria and World Bank’s model were adopted to sample 228 SMEs from 456 via judgmental and convenience techniques. Multifactor business-environment questionnaire (MBEQ) was used to elicit responses from SMEs in a field survey. Enterprise type, activity, product line and financial performance were examined. Results showed dominance of sole proprietorship and services SMEs, multi-product lines, and highly positively correlated financial performance and business environment. Consequently, improved SME-friendly business environment was recommended. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Business environment; Correlational analysis; Financial performance; Small and medium enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941078348	The relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT2	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Otieno, O.L., Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Until now, researchers are not in consensus, whether it is the capital structure that influences performance or performance that influences capital structure or both. The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the NSE by employing a generalised linear model (GLM) as an improvement on ordinary least regression (OLS). The results of the study revealed that efficient and profitable firms employ more debt than comparable firms that are less profitable possibly because profitable firms’ exposure to financial risk is low. There results also indicate that firms that use more debt outperformed those that use less debt. © 2015, Virtus interpress.All rights reserved.	Capital structure; Financial performance; General linear model; NSE; Ordinary least regression	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944684024	Debt capital, firm performance and change of CEO in firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT6	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, Kenya	Otieno, O.L., Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, Kenya	It is generally accepted that boards of directors play a fundamental role in corporate governance and the structure of the board plays a significant role in the functioning of a company (Jensen, 1993). The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between debt capital, firm performance, and change of CEO in firms listed on the NSE. The results of the study revealed that firms in which an individual shareholder has influence or controlling interest are reluctant to replace their CEO even when performance is below average. The results also revealed that the replacement of the CEO is not performance driven, but is debt capital driven. Specifically, the results suggest that medium leverage ratio is associated with change in CEOs on firms listed on the NSE. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Change of CEO; Debt capital; Firm performance; NSE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897137420	Does ownership structure affect firm performance? Evidence from Nigerian listed companies	Tsegba I.N., Achua J.K.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	1 F	None	Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Tsegba, I.N., Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Achua, J.K., Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance from the perspective of listed Nigerian companies. The sample comprises 73 companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for which relevant financial data is available for the period 2001 to 2007. The empirical results obtained through ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis provide evidence which suggests that dominant shareholding, ownership concentration, and foreign ownership structures have no significant effect on firm performance. However, insider ownership is inversely related to firm performance. Two major policy implications emerge from the results of this study. First, since ownership structures such as, dominant shareholding, concentrated ownership, and foreign ownership have no significant effect on firm performance, government emphasis on them is misplaced. Second, insider ownership of Nigerian firms is to be monitored closely by shareholders due to the adverse effect of this ownership structure on firm performance.	Corporate governance; Corporate ownership structure; Dominant shareholder; Firm performance; Foreign ownership; Insider ownership; Nigeria; Ownership concentration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910092963	Corporate board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from Nigeria	Ujunwa A., Nwakoby I., Ugbam C.O.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	2 Continued 1	None	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	Ujunwa, A., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Nwakoby, I., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Ugbam, C.O., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	This paper investigates the impact of corporate board diversity on the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms using a panel data of 122 quoted Nigerian firms. The aspects of board diversity studied comprise board nationality, board gender and board ethnicity. The Fixed Effect Generalised Least Square Regression is used to examine the impact of board diversity on firm performance for the period: 1991-2008. The results show that gender diversity was negatively linked with firm performance, while board nationality and board ethnicity were positive in predicting firm performance. The study provides insights for practitioners and policy makers on the need to view the board as a strategic resource in line with the resource dependency theory instead of viewing the board solely from agency theory perspective. © 2012, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Board of directors; Corporate governance; Diversity; Firm performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897148411	Ownership structure and firm performance: Evidence from nigerian listed companies	Abosede Adebiyi J., Kajola Sunday O.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	4 E	None	Department of Business Administration, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Abosede Adebiyi, J., Department of Business Administration, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Kajola Sunday, O., Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper examines the relationship between firms' ownership structure and financial performance in Nigeria, using a sample of thirty listed companies between 2001 and 2008. Using pooled OLS as a method of estimation and after controlling for four firm-specific characteristics, our results show a negative and significant relationship between ownership structure (director shareholding) and firm financial performance (ROE). This is in support of Entrenchment hypothesis. Also, our study does not support a non-linear relationship between ownership structure and firm performance.	Agency cost; Corporate governance; Nigeria; Ownership structure; ROE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940035974	The effects of start-up factor (self-efficacy) on business performance	Radipere S.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	1CONT7	None	Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa	Radipere, S., Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa	The study examined relationship between self-efficacy and business performance using 500 SMMEs in Gauteng province, South Africa. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 500 SMMEs owners. The findings from the survey were modelled through a categorical regression model with business performance as dependent variable. The level of significance of the fourteen variables out of eighteen variables suggests that self-efficacy be classified as the strongest predictor of business performance. These findings, depicting the magnitude of the business environment in the study area, clearly confirm the positive impact of self-efficacy on business performance. © 2014, Virtus Interpress, All rights reserved.	Business Performance; Entrepreneur; Self-Efficacy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925949590	The impact of the business environment on the South African emerging market economy	Fisher J.J., Mostert F.J., Mostert J.H.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2 CONT6	None	Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Fisher, J.J., Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Mostert, F.J., Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Mostert, J.H., Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	The business environment impacts on the strategic as well as the operational policies, decisions and actions of enterprises, as businesses do not operate in a vacuum. This research paper addresses the impact of the business environment on the South African emerging market economy, where emerging market economies usually have a rapid growing economy as well as government policies which embody economic liberalization and a free-market system. Secondary as well as primary data were applied to achieve the objective of this research paper, which involves the improvement of financial decision-making concerning the impact of the business environment on an emerging market economy. The empirical study of this research paper focuses on the following three aspects, viz.: The importance of the impact of various business environment factors on an emerging market economy, The problem areas within the business environment which impact on an emerging market economy and possible solutions to solve them, as well as The perceptions concerning the rating of various business environment factors over the past five years and the next five years in South Africa. As this research paper focuses on an emerging market economy, the conclusions of this study should be valuable to other countries which have the same type of economy. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Business environment; Economic impact; Financial impact; Impact of foreign direct investments; Impact of the infrastructure; Political impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897133072	The impact of strategy and organizational factors on corporate entrepreneurship	Hough J., Scheepers R.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	2 E	None	Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; University of Sunshine Coast, Australia	Hough, J., Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Scheepers, R., University of Sunshine Coast, Australia	Large companies create new businesses as an innovative way of solving challenging problems but also see new internal ventures as a way of increased entrepreneurial behaviour and sustained differentiation. However, strategic leadership is crucial to develop an organizational environment needed to increase the entrepreneurial orientation and motivation in established businesses. This paper focus on strategic leadership and selected salient organizational factors that aid in the development of corporate entrepreneurship (CE). A cross sectional telephone survey of 315 South African companies indicated that strategic leadership of an enterprise is crucial to create the right environment and develop and support organizational structures and CE. Strategic leadership which encourages autonomy and provides rewards for entrepreneurial behaviour creates a supportive organizational structure to strengthen corporate entrepreneurship.	Corporate entrepreneurship; Organizational structure; Strategic leadership	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941134620	The effects of business support as a start-up factor on business performance	Radipere S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT1	None	Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa	Radipere, S., Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa	The study examined relationship between business support and business performance using 500 SMMEs in Gauteng province, South Africa. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 500 SMMEs owners. The findings from the survey were modelled through a categorical regression model with business performance as dependent variable. The level of significance of the four variables out of eight variables suggests that business support be classified as the strongest predictor of business performance. © 2015, Virtus interpress. All rights reserved.	Business performance; Business support; Entrepreneur	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855212815	Value based financial performance measures: An evaluation of relative and incremental information content	Erasmus P.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	0.041666666667	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Erasmus, P., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Value-based (VB) financial performance measures are often advanced as improvements over traditional measures. It is argued that the inclusion of a firms cost of capital in the calculation of these measures facilitates the evaluation of value creation. Furthermore they attempt to remove some accounting distortions resulting from the limitations of conventional accounting information. This paper investigates the ability of four VB measures to explain market-adjusted share returns and compare it to that of some traditional measures. Empirical results indicate that the relative information contents of the VB measures are not greater than that of earnings. The incremental information content tests indicate that their components add significantly to the information content of earnings, but that the level of significance is relatively low.	Accounting information; Cost of capital; Financial performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867263314	The effect of the South African market concentration on portfolio performance	Van Heerden J.D., Saunderson S.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	0.041666666667	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; PO Box 330, Gallo Manor, 2052, South Africa	Van Heerden, J.D., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Saunderson, S., PO Box 330, Gallo Manor, 2052, South Africa	Portfolio risk is mainly a function of portfolio concentration and covariance between the assets in a portfolio. This study shows that South Africa experiences a high level of market concentration and that assets with large weights in the FTSE/JSE All Share Index (ALSI) have large covariances with each other. Together these two phenomena suggest that a high level of portfolio risk can be expected. Active portfolio managers in South African generally attempt to decrease portfolio concentration by deviating from the benchmark's weighting structure in order to decrease their portfolio risk. The effect of such a portfolio construction process on the measurement of relative performance, where the ALSI is used as the benchmark, was investigated by means of a simulation process. The results indicated that during times when those shares with larger weights in the index perform well, the probability of outperforming the ALSI is very small, while the probability of outperforming the ALSI during times when those same shares perform poorly is very high. These findings suggest that investors need to be educated about the bias regarding relative performance measurement using broad market indices, while alternative or additional methods of performance measurement need to be investigated to minimise this bias.	Performance measures; South Africa; Stock market	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897139760	From philanthropy to impact investing: Shifting mindsets in South Africa	Viviers S., Ractliffe T., Hand D.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	0.16666666667	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Viviers, S., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Ractliffe, T.; Hand, D.	This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on impact investing in South Africa by defining the phenomenon, outlining the relationship between philanthropy, responsible investing (RI) and impact investing, and discussing the moral roots and historical development of these three concepts. Attention is also given to the current status of philanthropy, RI and impact investing internationally and locally. A review of 53 local RI funds established over the period 1 June 1992 to 31 December 2010 reveal that the majority have an impact investing focus, either on its own or in combination with other RI strategies. The challenges in stimulating growth in impact investing in South Africa are highlighted and suggestions provided to address these challenges.	Impact investing; Philanthropy; Responsible investing; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897141161	Proposed model of the impact of strategic leadership on operational strategy and organisational performance of business organisations in South Africa	Serfontein J.J., Hough J.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	3 E	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Serfontein, J.J.; Hough, J., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Since the mid-1980's a growing body of leadership research has focused on strategic leadership, in contrast to managerial and visionary leadership. It focused on how top leadership makes decisions in the short term that guarantees the long-term viability of the organisation. The best performing organisations are consciously strategic in their leadership planning. These top leaders also have the ability to align human resources in an effective way directly to the business strategy. This article proposes a model towards the effective implementation of strategic leadership processes which can help business and organisational leaders with the successful implementation of high performance strategic leadership practices. This research also pinpointed theoretical and substantively meaningful endogeneous organisational capabilities that mediated this relationship and exogenous organisational factors that moderated this relationship.	Performance; South Africa; Strategic leadership	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908364911	Benchmarking sustainable high performance companies	Hough J.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	42403	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Hough, J., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	This article examines various approaches to benchmarking and measuring sustainable performance in order to identify long-term high performance companies in South Africa. We set guidelines and select the criteria for benchmarking high performance.This benchmarking approach (based on the accessibility and reliability of standardized financial data) addresses the critical issues in the measurement of sustainable performance: benchmarking approaches, measuring strategic performance, finding the right guidelines for peer performance benchmarks, calibrating sustainability and long-term performance, and comparing individual high performers with the established benchmark.This study sheds light on the practical guidelines for and the benefit of benchmarking high performance. Forty-four peer performance benchmarks and clusters based on 166 Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) listed companies were established. Furthermore, fourteen high and superior performers were identified on the basis of this benchmark process. © 2012 Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Performance benchmark; Performance clusters; Superior performing companies; sustainable high performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880491753	Real exchange rate misalignment and economic performance in Namibia	Eita J.H., Jordaan A.C.	2013	Corporate Ownership and Control	10	3 E,CONT4	None	Department of Economics, Monash University (South African Campus), Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, 1725, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Eita, J.H., Department of Economics, Monash University (South African Campus), Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, 1725, South Africa; Jordaan, A.C., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This paper estimates the real exchange rate misalignment and investigates its impact on economic performance and competitiveness of Namibia for the period 1970 to 2011 using cointegrated vector autoregression methods. The results show that there were periods of overvaluation and undervaluation of the real exchange rate. The analysis reveals that misalignment has a negative impact on the competitiveness and performance of the economy. Maintaining the real exchange rate out of equilibrium reduces economic performance and competitiveness. This suggests that policy makers should monitor the real exchange rate regularly and make the exchange rate policy part of trade promotion strategy.	Autoregressions; Economic performance; Namibia; Trade promotion strategy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924308899	The impact of information communication technology (ICT) on economic growth: A case for South Africa	Khumalo Z.Z., Mongale I.P.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2Continued1	None	Department of Economics, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Khumalo, Z.Z., Department of Economics, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Mongale, I.P., Department of Economics, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of Information Communication Technology on economic growth in South Africa. The study intends to establish correlation in a developing country such as South Africa where the existence of such a relationship has not been distinctly determined. The model is estimated by using the cointegration and causality analysis and the interrelationships among the variables will be captured by employing the Johansen Cointegration method. The Generalized Impulse Response Function is also introduced to further explore the dynamic relationship among the variables. The results exhibit the incidence of a positive association between Information Communication Technology and economic growth. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Cointegration; Economic growth; Generalized impulse response function; Information communication technology; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909590211	Commodity prices and stock market performance in South Africa	Mongale I.P., Hinaunye Eita J.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	11	4 Continued 3	None	Department of Economics, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Mongale, I.P., Department of Economics, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Hinaunye Eita, J., Department of Economics, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	As an export based economy, commodity prices and stock market performances are always a course for concern in the South African economy. This paper investigates the effects of the commodity prices and selected macroeconomic variables on stock market performance. The paper uses quarterly time series data and the estimation covers the period 1994 to 2013. Using Engle-Granger two steps econometric technique, the underlying series are tested for univariate characteristics of the variables unit root by employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin test statistics. The findings show that an increase in commodity prices is associated with an increase in stock market performance and there is a positive association between stock market and macroeconomic such as money supply and exchange rate in South Africa. © Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Commodity prices; Engle-granger; Macroeconomic variables; South Africa; Stock market	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897142855	Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria	Obembe Olufemi B., Adebisi S.A., Adeleye O.K.	2010	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	1 H	None	Department Of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Business Administration, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Obembe Olufemi, B., Department Of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adebisi, S.A., Department of Business Administration, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adeleye, O.K., Department Of Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Recognizing the weakness in the use of the OLS model in the panel data analysis of corporate governance and firm performance, this study augmented the model with the use of fixed effect model for a sample of 76 listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. Moreover, the study accounted for the role of some vital control variables excluded by previous researchers from Nigeria. Our results suggest that findings based on OLS models could be misleading. Foreign ownership that was found to have a negative impact on firm performance was the only positive and significant variable in the fixed effect model. Ownership concentration was found to have a negative impact on performance using the ROA. Our study confirmed the expropriation hypothesis for Nigeria.	Corporate governance; Nigeria; Ownership; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931051845	Business cycles and stock market performance in South Africa	Muchaonyerwa F., Choga I.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	3	None	Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; School of Economic and Decision Sciences, North West University, South Africa	Muchaonyerwa, F., Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Choga, I., School of Economic and Decision Sciences, North West University, South Africa	The stock market is an important indicator of an economy’s financial health. It checks the mood of investors in a country. Stock market performance is a vital component of business cycle growth. T hus, this study investigates the relationship between stock market performance and business cycles in South Africa for the period 2002-2009 using monthly data. This is done by constructing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The study specifies a business cycle model with the business cycle coincident indicator of South Africa being the independent variable explained by the All Share Price index (ALSI), Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER), Money Supply (M1), Inflation (CPIX) and the Prime Overdraft Rate (POR). The ALSI represents stock market performance whilst the rest of the variables are to enhance model specification. The study found a positive association between stock market performance and business cycles and this match with most of the results from the empirical literature provided. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Business cycle; Stock market; Vector error correction South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939789698	The impact of economic growth on unemploymentin South Africa: 1994 – 2012	Banda H., Choga I.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4Cont7	None	Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; School of Economic Decision Sciences, North West University, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), South Africa	Banda, H., Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Choga, I., School of Economic Decision Sciences, North West University, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), South Africa	One of the most pressing problems facing the South African economy is unemployment, which has been erratic over the past few years. This study examined the impact of economic growth on unemployment, using quarterly time series data for South Africa for the period 1994 to 2012.Johansen Co-integration reflected that there is stable and one significant long run relationship between unemployment and the explanatory variables that is economic growth (GDP), budget deficit (BUG), real effective exchange rate (REER) and labour productivity (LP). The study utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to determine the effects of macroeconomic variables thus REER, LP, GDP and BUG on unemployment in South Africa. The results of VECM indicated that LP has a negative long run impact on unemployment whilst GDP, BUG and REER have positive impact. The study resulted in the following policy recommendation: South African government should re-direct its spending towards activities that directly and indirectly promote creation of employment and decent jobs; a conducive environment and flexible labour market policies or legislations without impediments to employment creation should be created; and lastly government should prioritise industries that promote labour intensive. All this will help in absorbing large pools of the unemployed population thereby reducing unemployment in South Africa. © 2015 Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Economic growth; South Africa; Unemployment; Vector error correction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883766667	The effects of internal and external mechanism on governance and performance of corporate firms in Nigeria	Adetunji Babatunde M., Olaniran O.	2009	Corporate Ownership and Control	7	2 D	None	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Banking and Finance, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria	Adetunji Babatunde, M., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olaniran, O., Department of Banking and Finance, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria	There is a renewed interest on the need to strengthen mechanisms to ensure that managers and directors take measures to protect the interest of a firm's stakeholders. This study made use of panel data regression analysis between 2002 and 2006 for a sample of 62 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange to examine the relationship between internal and external governance mechanisms and corporate firms' performance. The results have the implication that regulatory agencies should encourage firms to achieve a reasonable board size since overly large boards may be detrimental to the firm. Our results also show no significant evidence to support the idea that outside directors help promote firm performance. In addition, the study found that the measure of performance matter for analysis of corporate governance studies. We found in some cases different results from the use of Returns on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q as measures of firm performance.	Corporate governance; Firms; Nigeria; Panel data	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878252333	Corporate governance and performance of Nigerian listed firms: Further evidence	Adewuyi A.O., Olowookere A.E.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	2 D CONT. 3	None	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowookere, A.E., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This work, in an agency framework, adds to the few literatures on Nigeria by examining the impact of corporate governance on firm financial performance. Using a sample of 64 listed non-financial firms for the period 2002 to 2006, the study is able to capture the impact of the New Code of Corporate Governance released in 2003 on previous findings. Introductory investigations on the Nigerian capital market operations and regulations depict low, but improving, states. Empirically, Panel regression estimates show that board size, audit committee independence and ownership concentration aid performance. Higher independent directors and directors' portion of shares unexpectedly dampen performance, while firms vesting both the roles of CEOs and chairs in the same individual perform better.	Agency problem; Corporate governance; Panel regression; Tobin's q	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924283498	Mega-sporting events: The impact on host stock markets and investment prospects	Mohamed S., Oettlé T., Stewart S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2Continued2	None	Department of Finance and Tax, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Mohamed, S., Department of Finance and Tax, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Oettlé, T., Department of Finance and Tax, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Stewart, S., Department of Finance and Tax, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	The success of mega-sporting events such as the Summer Olympics and the FIFA World Cup brings pride and a focus to their host nations. This paper aims to find the effects of the announcement and the actual event on the host stock market. It then recommends an investment strategy. The paper finds that the announcement of the Olympics and World Cup creates statistically significant abnormal returns and the actual sporting event has little effect on the stock market. By factoring size of the economy, it is found that smaller economies tend to have larger abnormal returns than bigger economies. We then provide recommendation on investment strategies in order to exploit the significant abnormal return on the day of the World Cup announcement. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Investment prospects; Mega-sporting events; Stock markets	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909584895	The impact of the nationalisation threat on Zimbabwe’s economy	Makoni P.L.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	1 Continued 1	None	Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management at the University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, South Africa	Makoni, P.L., Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management at the University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to examine the likely impact that the proposed agenda of nationalisation of foreign-owned business in Zimbabwe, by implementing the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act, would have on the economy in the country. Nationalisation of foreign-owned businesses comes on the back of the disastrous Fast-Track Land Reform Programme which had sought to give land to the black majority in the country. The results of the study show that foreign investors were shaken by the announcement of nationalisation of all foreign-owned firms, including banks and mines. Most foreign investors adopted a “wait and see” attitude since the nature of their investment was mainly resource-seeking FDI, and they could therefore not remove their fixed, immovable assets from the country. With the economy still trying to recover from earlier declines in economic activity, it is recommended that the Government revises the Indigenisation Act in order to ensure FDI inflows continue to be attracted into the country, in a bid to stabilise and further grow the economy. © Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Expropriation; FDI; Indigenisation; Nationalisation; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904965593	Impact of carbon emissions on total assets and operating costs: An analysis of the jse100 companies	Bimha A.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	11	0.16666666667	None	Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management, University of South Africa, P O Box 392, UNISA, 0003, South Africa	Bimha, A., Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management, University of South Africa, P O Box 392, UNISA, 0003, South Africa	There is a definite concern in the rise of carbon emissions globally from traditional methods of production (Stern, 2008; IPCC, 2007). More so it is now widely acclaimed that by adopting production processes that reduce carbon emissions to low levels, companies will succeed in reducing their operating costs (Dietz et al, 2009; Sims et al, 2003). There has been limited study in investigating how the present state of companies' carbon emissions output is related to their operating costs and total assets. Therefore the study intends to establish the level of interactions between the carbon emissions, total assets and the operating costs they report annually. A panel data analysis was done on these three variables using a sample of the top 100 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) reporting companies in South Africa. The study utilized the data of companies that report their emissions to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) annually and are the top 100 JSE Companies by market capitalization and categorized the CDP reporting companies into 7 industrials sectors. The 7 industrial sectors are Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, Energy and Materials, Financials, Health Care, Industrials and IT and Telecoms. The results indicate that in the short run there is no strong relationship between carbon emissions output and operating costs. More so, the carbon emissions have a very weak and statistically insignificant relationship with total assets.	Carbon emissions; JSE100; Panel data analysis; South africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904970991	The performance of socially responsible investment funds and exchange-traded funds: Evidence from Johannesburg stock exchange	Marozva G.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	11	0.16666666667	None	Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, P.O.Box 392, UNISA, 003, Pretoria, South Africa	Marozva, G., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, P.O.Box 392, UNISA, 003, Pretoria, South Africa	The research reported in this article explored how the JSE SRI Index performed relative to exchange-traded funds during the period of economic growth as well as during the period of economic decline between 2004 and 2014. The JSE SRI Index and exchange traded funds are analysed by a single factor model as well as other risk-adjusted performance measures including the Sharpe ratio, the Treynor ratio and the M-squared ratio. The single-factor model regression results suggest that during the period of economic growth the JSE SRI index neither significantly outperformed nor underperformed the exchange-traded funds. However, the JSE SRI Index significantly underperformed the exchange-traded funds during the period of economic decline. Further tests that engaged other risk-adjusted measures indicated that the exchange-traded funds performed better than the JSE SRI index in both periods. Based on this research it is recommended that further research be conducted using models that can control for the liquidity difference in funds.	Capital asset pricing model; Exchange-traded funds; M-squared ratio; Performance; Sharpe ratio; Socially responsible investment index; Treynor ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883422763	CEO compensation and performance of state owned enterprises in South Africa	Ngwenya S., Khumalo M.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	10	0.041666666667	None	Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, UNISA, 0003, South Africa	Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, UNISA, 0003, South Africa; Khumalo, M., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, University of South Africa, UNISA, 0003, South Africa	The study investigates the relationship between CEO compensation and performance of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa, using data for the period 2009 to 2011. The results indicated that there exist no positive relationship between CEO compensation and SOEs performance as measured by return on assets. The results also indicated a positive relationship between CEO compensation (base salary) and the size of SOEs as measured by total revenue and number of employees. The results suggest that board members of SOEs in South Africa should hold CEOs accountable for the performance of SOEs, and should not pay huge salaries and bonuses to non performing CEOs.	CEO compensation; Corporate governance; SOE performance; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350351299	Ownership concentration and corporate performance on the Ghana stock exchange: A panel data analysis	Bokpin G.A.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	5	None	None	Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Bokpin, G.A., Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Corporate governance is linked to corporate performance. The study examines the effect of ownership concentration on corporate performance on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Panel data covering a period from 2001 to 2006 for 28 firms were analyzed within the framework of both the fixed and random effects techniques. The results indicate that the effect of ownership concentration on corporate performance varies with the performance measurement variable. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between ownership concentration and return on assets and Tobin's Q, whilst there is negative insignificant relationship with return on equity. We also document that insider system of corporate governance is practiced on the Ghana stock exchange as shareholding is highly concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or institutional investors. Other governance features such as board size, board composition and CEO duality are all essential in predicting corporate performance. The results of the study generally support existing literature on the impact of ownership concentration on corporate performance.	Corporate governance; Ghana; Ownership concentration; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949818641	Impact of structure on organisational performance of seleceted technical and service firms in Nigeria	Ogbo A.I., Chibueze N.F., Christopher O.C., Anthony I.A.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT10	None	Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Business Administration, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	Ogbo, A.I., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Chibueze, N.F., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Christopher, O.C., Department of Business Administration, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Anthony, I.A., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	The study aimed at establishing the impact of structure on organizational performance. Organizations today are becoming more automated and complex, hence, the need to maintain and improve performance by structuring and restructuring based on changing strategy. The study was conducted using the survey approach. The geographical scope of study was Innoson Nigeria Ltd, and Etisalat, Enugu Regional Office. Two sources of data were utilised in the study: they included primary and secondary sources. The primary source was the administration of copies of designed questionnaire to a total of eighty (80) respondents that made up the sample for the study. Out of the eighty (80) copies administered, seventy eight (78) were completed and returned. Simple percentage (%), chi-square (*a) and correlation were used in analysis of the data and in testing the three hypotheses. Findings revealed that decentralization enhanced better and more informed decision making in technical and service firms in Nigeria; that task routine affected staff productivity both positively and negatively; and that a significant positive relationship existed between narrow span of control and efficiency in organizations. The study concluded and recommended among others that managers of organizations should adopt more decentralized forms of structures as means of improving the decision making process; that managers should combine both task routine and variety in organizing employees for carrying out task in order to reap the advantages of both systems of task assignment; and that employees should be empowered to be more innovative in carrying out tasks, whether routine or not. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All right rserved.	Automated; Decentralization; Organisational performance; Restructuring; Strategy; Structure; Task routine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897134312	Perceptions of knowledge management processes, strategies, implementation and impact: Biographical influences	Ngcamu B.S., Parumasur S.B.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	3 E	None	Human Resources and Development, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 37 Dagwood Crescent, Kingsburgh 4126, South Africa; Human Resource Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Ngcamu, B.S., Human Resources and Development, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 37 Dagwood Crescent, Kingsburgh 4126, South Africa; Parumasur, S.B., Human Resource Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	The study aims to provide recommendations with strategic direction and an improvement as far as knowledge management initiatives are concerned within the Skills Development and Management Services and Organizational Development Units so that they can drive knowledge management to be effective and efficient in its implementation whilst taking cognizance of the biographical correlates. This study seeks to address the bottlenecks as far as knowledge management is concerned by using biographical profiles with the view of promoting the creation and management of knowledge in the municipality concerned. The study reflects that the biographical profiles of employees (age, education, race, job level) influences their perceptions of the current knowledge management processes and strategies and their implementation and impact on effectiveness. The influence of age emphasizes that it is imperative to avoid the decay of employees' knowledge stocks at the individual level by striving to make knowledge, skills and capabilities more valuable, unique and available. The influence of education reinforces the needs to improve the connectivity among all employees. The impact of race adds to the urgency to promote the diversification of the workforce in order to have access to different ideas and skills and, enables the organisation to enhance its competitive edge. The influence of job level demands that knowledge management activities should be cascaded down to the operational level. The combined effect of the biographical variables dictates that organisations need to foster a culture that supports knowledge sharing and must provide salient incentives to recognise and encourage such interactions.	Biographical influences; Corporation; Management strategies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349634072	Corporate governance and firm performance: Evidence from Ghanaian listed companies	Kyereboah-Coleman A., Adjasi C.K.D., Abor J.	2006	Corporate Ownership and Control	4	8.33333333333333E-02	None	Finance Department, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Kyereboah-Coleman, A., Finance Department, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Adjasi, C.K.D., Finance Department, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Abor, J., Finance Department, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Well governed firms have been noted to have higher firm performance. The main characteristic of corporate governance identified include board size, board composition, and whether the CEO is also the board chairman. This study examines the role corporate governance structures play in firm performance amongst listed firms on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Results reveal a likely optimal board size range where mean ROA levels associated with board size 8 to 11 are higher than overall mean ROA for the sample. Significantly, firm performance is found to be better in firms with the twotier board structure. Results show further that having more outside board members is positively related to firm performance. It is clear that corporate governance structures influence firm performance in Ghana, indeed within the governance structures the two-tier board structure in Ghana is seen to be more effective in view of the higher firm level mean values obtained compared to the one-tier system.	Board composition; CEO; Corporate governance; Ghana; Performance; ROA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888592221	Corporate governance and bank performance: Does ownership matter? Evidence from the Kenyan banking sector	Barako D.G., Tower G.	2006	Corporate Ownership and Control	4	2:00 AM	None	Financial Institutions Supervision Department, Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya; Curtin Business School, School of Accounting, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia	Barako, D.G., Financial Institutions Supervision Department, Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya; Tower, G., Curtin Business School, School of Accounting, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia	This paper provides an empirical analysis of banks performance in Kenya. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the association between ownership structure characteristics and bank performance. Data utilised in the study is collected from the Financial Institutions Department of the Central Bank of Kenya, both on-site inspection reports and off-site surveillance records. Empirical results indicate that ownership structure of banks significantly influence their financial performance. In particular, board and government ownership are significantly and negatively associated with bank performance, whereas foreign ownership is strongly positively associated with bank performance, and institutional shareholders have no impact on the performance of financial institutions in Kenya. The study makes a significant contribution to financial research by extending examination of banks performance to a developing country context beyond the usual confines of the developed western economies, and adds to the small number of similar studies in the African context. The results are consistent with prior research findings, and more importantly, presents statistical justification for pursuing further corporate governance reforms with respect to banks' ownership structure to enhance the financial stability of the sector.	Central Bank of Kenya; Corporate governance; Ownership structure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880451968	Legitimacy or good governance: What drives carbon performance in Australia	Qian W.	2013	Corporate Ownership and Control	10	0.125	None	Governance and Sustainability, School of Commerce, University of South Australia, SA5001, South Africa	Qian, W., Governance and Sustainability, School of Commerce, University of South Australia, SA5001, South Africa	Previous studies present diverse views on carbon performance. The legitimacy perspective posits that external forces from a wide range of stakeholders drives environmental performance change, while the governance perspective posits that strong internal governance structure leads to performance improvement. This study empirically examines the validity of these different perspectives. Using data released by top polluting companies included in the Australian National Greenhouse and Energy Reports (NGER), the study finds that better governance structures are significantly associated with higher carbon performance, but there is no significant relationship between external carbon disclosure and carbon performance. The results suggest that future policy needs to focus more on ensuring strong corporate governance system and encouraging the integration of environmental aspects into governance agenda.	Carbon disclosure; Carbon performance; Corporate governance; Environmental sensitivity; Legitimacy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941059577	Social capital interventions at firm level affecting performance in the Zimbabweanb manufacturing sector	Siwadi P., Miruka C., Achieng Ogutu F.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT2	None	Graduate School of Business Leadership, Midlands State University, P Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Graduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Siwadi, P., Graduate School of Business Leadership, Midlands State University, P Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Miruka, C., Graduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Achieng Ogutu, F., Graduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Social capital research has largely focused on developed economies and there is conflict of acceptance on the legality of some network relations across cultures. This study pioneered the interventions at firm level aimed at building social capital for company performance in the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector. This was in an effort to provide evidence of the need for network relations to enhance business performance. A survey method was used to collect data to confirm empirically the social capital interventions existing in the sector. Using an econometric model, 10 social capital variables were regressed to determine importance of the interventions. The bivariate results indicated that networks, level of trust and entertainment were significantly associated to firm performance. On the multivariate level, trust, presences of an entertainment budget and government liaison were positively associated with firm performance. It was concluded that investment in social capital through entertainment budget created profitable relationships which if nurtured builds trust which reduces transaction costs thus affecting the bottom line. So social variables which were significantly associated with performance worked in a symbiotic, cyclical nature. © 2015, Virtus interpress.All rights reserved.	Networks; Performance; Return on assets; Social capital; Trust	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924287154	Impact of recruitment and selection on organizational productivity. Evidence from staff of a university in South Africa	Kanyemba M., Iwu C.G., Allen-Ile C.O.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2Continued2	None	Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Department, Entrepreneurship and Business Management, Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Kanyemba, M., Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Iwu, C.G., Department, Entrepreneurship and Business Management, Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Allen-Ile, C.O., Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	The study aimed to understand the recruitment and selection-productivity fit within a tertiary institution in South Africa. Essentially, by examining this relationship, it will be easier to obtain a better understanding of the essential components of recruitment and selection that contribute to the productivity of a tertiary institution. The unit of analysis of this study comprised academic and non-academic staff of the institution. This study adopted a quantitative approach utilising a Likert scale questionnaire to serve as the primary source of data collection. A future study could emphasise the development of a theoretical framework that links specifically to the peculiarities of the tertiary education sector in South Africa. A further study could also unpack how the components of recruitment and selection can be better harnessed to attract the interest of young South Africans to academe. The paper addresses a matter of significance both to HR practice and scholarship. The paper concludes thus: Recruitment and selection processes impact productivity; hence management MUST adopt best practice for these crucial HR functions. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Organizational productivity; Recruitment; Selection; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947930228	Questioning the context of corporate performance measures in benchmarking CEO compensation	Oberholzer M., Barnard J.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT8	None	Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Oberholzer, M., Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barnard, J., Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The purpose of the study was to reflect on existing practices in studying the CEO pay performance issue, with special reference to the context wherein the financial performance measurements were employed. In total, an in-depth content analysis of 40 published articles was done. Some flaws were identified in prior research, namely some studies only use either market-based or accounting-based measurements, only a single performance measurement, measurements without the context of the subjacent risks, monetary values without substance as performance measurements and without the context of a theory. The contribution of this study is that a framework is developed to guide future studies with regard to the context wherein financial performance measures should be employed and that some theories, additional to the agency theory, were identified that should be tested more frequently in pay performance-related studies. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All right rserved.	Accounting-based performance measurements; CEO compensation; Market-based performance measurements; Motivation theories; Risk-return	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939791011	The impact of corporate governance on firm performance in the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector	Siwadi P., Miruka C., Ogutu F.A.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4Cont7	None	Qraduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Siwadi, P., Qraduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Miruka, C., Qraduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Ogutu, F.A., Qraduate School of Business and Government Leadership, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Corporate governance studies in Zimbabwe have concentrated on existence of frameworks that control firms. This study focused on the corporate governance factors that are associated with firm performance in the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector. We investigated a sample of 88 companies which were operating at least 80% capacity from 2009 to 2012.Using Return on Assetst (ROA) as a measure of performance and the dependent variable, and 14 corporate governance proxies encompassing board structure, board composition and board procedures as the independent variables, a bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed. The results indicated that shareholder concentration, proportion of independent directors, board tenure and access to financial statements are positive and significant to firm performance in the bivariate analysis. On the multivariate regression analysis however, independent directors was positive but not significant. Researchers have not been able to agree on these factors and since corporate governance is largely endogenously determined it can be concluded that factors are influenced by country effects. Thus further studies focusing on similar countries need to be undertaken. © 2015 Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Corporate governance; Firm performance; Significant factors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921913115	Investigating the impact of carbon tax on socially responsible corporate governance: The case of south African motor vehicle manufacturers	Pillay S., Buys P.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2	None	School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; NWU Business School, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Pillay, S., School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Buys, P., NWU Business School, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Socially responsible corporate governance is an essential aspect of the contemporary corporate environment, and then especially in ensuring continuous sustainable development within a South African context. As such, it also encompasses broad environmentally focused aspects. The motor vehicle manufacturing industry in South Africa was among the first to be faced with the implementation of carbon taxes. This paper explores the policy decision to implement the carbon tax within the context of socially responsible governance in the motor vehicle manufacturing industry. The research methodology applied incorporates both review of supporting literature and an exploratory empirical case study. The research suggests that the industry is cognizant of the importance of environmental damage costs and their responsibility therein, while also indicating that corporate social investment in this industry was non-responsive to the implementation to carbon tax. The results also suggest that the current carbon tax rate may be adequately priced and is an effective instrument in lowering greenhouse gas emissions. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights received.	Carbon tax; Corporate social investment; Corporate social responsibility; Governance; Sustainability reporting; Sustainable development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931057849	Managerial ownership and firm performance on selected jse listed firms	Zondi S., Sibanda M.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	3CONT2	None	School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Zondi, S., School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Sibanda, M., School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	This paper investigates if there is a relationship between managerial ownership and firm performance in selected firms listed on the JSE, and if so, what that relationship is. The study conducts regression analyses over a sample of 23 retail sector firms, observing data stretching from 2010 to 2013. The results are found to be robust. The results suggest that the hypothesis that a positive relationship exists between managerial ownership and performance be rejected as a negative relationship is found. Instead, the results of a two-stage least squares (2SLS) analysis find that managerial ownership does not impact firm performance in any direction. Overall the results of the study do not support the agency theory, as aligning the interests of managers and shareholders does not improve firm performance, at least within the retail sector. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Corporate governance; Endogeneity; Firm performance; Managerial ownership; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949749028	The level and stability of institutional ownership and its influence on company performance in South Africa	Scholtz H.E., Engelbrecht W.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT10	None	School of Accounting, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Scholtz, H.E., School of Accounting, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Engelbrecht, W., School of Accounting, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Institutional ownership in companies is an important tool in monitoring and controlling the business interests of the shareholders. This study investigated whether the performance of the Top 100 companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange is influenced by the level, and stability of institutional ownership. A regression analysis was used to test the relationship between Tobin’s Q and return on assets and the international, domestic and total institutional ownership and the stability of institutional shareholding. It was found that institutional shareholding is an important corporate governance factor to improve firm value. International institutional shareholding has an effect on future firm value, whilst domestic institutional, total institutional shareholding and the stability of total institutional shareholding has an effect on historical firm value. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All right rserved.	Company performance; Domestic institutional shareholding; Foreign institutional shareholding; Institutional ownership; Ownership stability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921927008	The south African code of corporate governance. The relationship between compliance and financial performance: Evidence from south African publicly listed firms	Tshipa J.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2	None	School of Financial Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Tshipa, J., School of Financial Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The paper examines corporate governance compliance by South African listed firms. The study seeks to explore if better governed firms exhibit greater financial performance than poorly governed firms. The paper employs a panel study methodology for a sample of 137 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed firms between 2002 and 2011. The paper provides empirical insights about the impact of corporate governance on firm performance. The results show that the compliance levels to corporate governance in South Africa (SA) has been improving since 2002 when King II came into force. However, the compliance level in large firms appears to be higher than in small firms. Further, the findings show that the market value of large firms is higher than that of small firms. These results largely support the notion that better governed firms outperforms poorly governed firms in terms of financial performance. Notably, the empirical results indicate that board size, CEO duality and the presence of Independent non-executive directors positively impact the performance of a firm, whereas board gender diversity, director share-ownership and frequency of board meetings have no impact on firm performance. Unexpectedly, the presence of internal key board committees, such as remuneration, Audit and Nomination negatively impact firm performance. Notably, the results also show that only 9 per cent of the positions in the board of SA listed firms are occupied by women. Even though the sample size for this study was the largest to date in SA studies, the sample size of 137 listed firms represents only 40 per cent of the total number of listed firms as at August 2012. As a result, generalizability of the findings might be questioned. Therefore, future research is encouraged to increase the sample size. Similar to UK, South Africa has a flexible approach to corporate governance, in which listed firms are required to comply or explain non-conformance to King recommendations. This study has policy implications as it determines whether the flexible corporate governance approach employed by SA improves corporate governance compliance than the mandatory corporate governance approach as employed by countries such as Sri Lanka and whether compliance translates into firm performance. The study also suggests that greater representation of independent non-executive director, a larger board size and the separation of CEO and Chairman should be encouraged to enhance firm performance. The significant finding of this study is that compliant firms enjoy a higher firm performance as proxied by ROA and Tobin’s Q. This implies that compliance to corporate governance code of practice matters, not just as box ticking exercise but as a real step change in the governance of South African listed firms. This paper fulfils an identified need of how compliance to corporate governance influences firm performance in South Africa. The findings have implications to JSE listing rules, policy, investor confidence and academia. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights received.	Compliance; Corporate governance; Firm performance; JSE; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888115601	The impact of HRIS on organizational efficiency: Random or integrated and holistic?	Aswanth Kumar N., Brijball Parumasur S.	2013	Corporate Ownership and Control	11	1 G	None	School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	Aswanth Kumar, N., School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Brijball Parumasur, S., School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	This study assesses the extent to which the HRIS enhances organizational efficiency in an interrelated and holistic manner (as determined by its impact on areas of HR, time management, cost management and managerial satisfaction with the system). A sample of 101 managers was drawn from a Municipality in South Africa using cluster sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, closed-ended questionnaire comprising of 28 items, the psychometric properties (validity, reliability) of which was statistically assessed using Factor Analysis and Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha respectively. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics. The results indicate that HRIS significantly enhances overall organizational efficiency and its sub-dimensions (HR functions, time management, cost management and managerial satisfaction with the system) in an inter-related and holistic manner, though in varying degrees. Hence, the implementation of a proper HRIS has the potential to bring about operational effectiveness and enhance the realisation of the HR and corporate strategy, thereby ensuring organizational effectiveness.	Cost management; Human resource functions; Integrated and holistic human resource information system (HRIS); Managerial satisfaction; Organizational efficiency; Time management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937861738	Evaluation of social marketing objectives: A case study of the effectiveness of operation gcin’amanzi in Soweto, South Africa	Phiri M.A., Khumalo D.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4CONT5	None	School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Phiri, M.A., School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Khumalo, D., University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the social marketing goal in the implementation of Operation Gcin’amanzi (OGM) in Mofolo North, Soweto, South Africa. The paper is based on a quantitative in nature, although qualitative data was collected to confirm and clarify issues identified in the survey questionnaire. A process-based research approach was pursued in order to measure the impact of social marketing as a phenomenon that has been explored in changing consumer behaviour for the public good. Due to unsuccessful telephone calls to the Johannesburg Water’s communication centre (JW) there is a lack of information from them on specific studies or surveys conducted specifically on OGM since its inception. It is anticipated that the findings from this study will add value to the knowledge in the public sector by elevating the significant role of social marketing in the delivery of basic services projects. These projects are complex in nature as issues of equity, access and the impact on development have to be considered, unlike in traditional marketing approaches where it is the benefit and satisfaction of an individual consumer that is key. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Project Management; Service Delivery; Social Marketing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910077138	Performance management in the public service with particular reference to the senior management service cadre in South Africa: A perspective	Penceliah Y.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	2 Continued 1	None	School of Management, IT and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Penceliah, Y., School of Management, IT and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	The Performance Management and Development System (PDMS) for the South African Public Service was introduced in 2001,and driven by the transformative agenda to achieve both acceptable levels of service delivery and measurable results. Accordingly, there has been a shift from bureaucratic rulesdriven approaches in public service management to a results-oriented approach to government performance.Although the main concernthat should underpin the implementation of the PMDS is service delivery;the level of service delivery to date falls grossly short of being delivered at an acceptable level or quality.In this regard, the role of the Senior Management Service (SMS) cadre is critical as it is accountable for service provision and to demonstrate to the public that its needs are being addressed. © 2012, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Performance management; Public service; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883370799	The perceived impact of restructuring on service quality in a health care environment	Ntsatsi L., Brijball Parumasur S.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	10	1 E,CONT4	None	School of Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	Ntsatsi, L., School of Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Brijball Parumasur, S., School of Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	This study evaluates health care employees perceptions of service quality in a hospital environment after the process of restructuring and assesses whether their perceptions are influenced by biographical profiles. A sample of 143 clinical and non-clinical employees from three of the largest regional hospitals within the Ministry of Health in Lesotho was drawn using cluster sampling. Data was collected using an adapted version of SERVQUAL whose psychometric properties were statistically determined. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that employees were fairly convinced that the process of transformation undertaken in the health care organization led to enhanced service quality in terms of improved empathy, assurance, responsiveness, tangibles and reliability, although in varying degrees and, reflect areas for improvement.	Assurance; Business strategies; Empathy; Integrated delivery network; Reliability; Responsiveness; Service quality; Tangibles	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914703697	Factors impacting on the knowledge transfer of foreign african doctors practicing in south african provincial hospitals	Lutakwa J.N., Parumasur S.B.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	2 Continued 4	None	School of Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Lutakwa, J.N., School of Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Parumasur, S.B., School of Management, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	This study assesses the perceptions of foreign African doctors, practicing in South African provincial hospitals, of the impact of individual culture, language and communication and interpersonal relations on knowledge transfer. A sample of 62 foreign African doctors who obtained their degrees at medical schools outside South Africa and who are now living and practicing in South African provincial hospitals was drawn using snowball sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, self-administered questionnaire whose psychometric properties were statistically determined. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that language and communication has the greatest impact on knowledge transfer, negligibly followed by interpersonal relations and then individual culture. Recommendations are made in attempts to reduce the negative impact of these dimensions on the transfer of knowledge and to enhance knowledge sharing. © 2014 Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Foreign african doctors; Individual culture; Interpersonal relations; Knowledge transfer; Language and communication	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897127815	Potential impact of traffic densification on rail freight transport cost in sub-Saharan Africa	de Bod A., Havenga J.H., Pienaar W.J.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	4 F	None	Stellenbosch University, Department of Logistics, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	de Bod, A., Stellenbosch University, Department of Logistics, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Havenga, J.H., Stellenbosch University, Department of Logistics, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Pienaar, W.J., Stellenbosch University, Department of Logistics, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	This article highlights the significant cost-reduction opportunities possible through the densification of rail freight traffic, especially over longer distances, and the concomitant implications for increased profitability for railway organisations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Densification opportunities should also focus on the development of transport corridors throughout the region. SSA countries themselves can play a critical role in unlocking this potential by, inter alia, simplifying regional economic agreements. As with most other initiatives in SSA, unlocking this potential will require efficient cross-country collaboration.	Economies of density; Rail freight transport; Sub-saharan africa; Transport cost	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921919945	Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: An empirical study on egyptian banks	Hafez H.M.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	2	None	The British University in Egypt, Misr Ismalia Road, El-Sherouk, South Africa	Hafez, H.M., The British University in Egypt, Misr Ismalia Road, El-Sherouk, South Africa	Due to the significance of the banking sector in the stability and welfare of any economy; it is important to constantly monitor and evaluate its performance. Most banks have incorporated social practices in their business operations regardless of the managers’ real intentions of whether it is for the corporate image that might lead to better performance; or it is for the well being of the environment or society overall. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to check if the concept of the CSR is widely applied to local, international and Islamic banks operating in Egypt over the interim period from 2005 to 2013 and if there is a difference in the application. Moreover does CSR really matters and affect banks' financial performance. Descriptive statistics will be used. The difference in performance will be tested for statistical significance using one way ANOVA tests. The statistical study conducted on 34 banks categorized under Local commercial, International and Islamic banks are operating in Egypt. The relationship is neutral when it is looked at from the ROA measure. The banks’ Corporate Social Responsibility did not have any impact on the financial performance of the banks. However, the relationship was positive when the financial performance perspective was looked from the estimated ROE and NIM; it implies that banks’ corporate social responsibility practices not act as costs to shareholders as they do not reduce the returns. Whether the relationship is positive or neutral, the coefficient for both models are rather small as well as the model that resulted in Neutral relationship had lower standard of error which indicates that it is a better model compared to the model using ROE and NIM as the dependent variable. Therefore relationship is Neutral. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights received.	Banking sector and financial performance; Corporate social responsibility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909579556	Corporate South Africa and carbon disclosure: A differential analysis of 2011 and 2012 carbon disclosure performance	Ngwakwe C.C.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	1 Continued 3	None	Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Ngwakwe, C.C., Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership, University of Limpopo, South Africa	This paper examined the performance of corporate South Africa in the 2012 Carbon Disclosure Project [CDP]. It is motivated by the growing shift to climate performance amongst the JSE listed companies in South Africa; hence the paper showcases the commitment of corporations in South Africa towards carbon disclosure. It thus shows exemplary commitment by corporations in an emerging economy to curb GHG emission through disclosure. The paper compared corporate South Africa carbon disclosure performance in 2012 with the 2011 disclosure performance. First, the performance of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) 100 carbon performance leaders were examined; and using a statistical t-test of difference in means, the paper finds that the 2012 carbon performance improved remarkably over the 2011 performance; hence the T-test indicates a significant difference in means between the 2012 and 2011 carbon performance. Secondly, the paper also examined the climate performance of the JSE 100 companies and also found a significant difference between the 2011 and 2012 performance which also depicts an improvement over the 2011 climate performance. It is perceptible that the 2011 UN Climate Conference in South Africa, coupled with the SA’s outstanding role in global climate change negotiations and the Carbon Disclosure Project is driving corporate SA to ‘walk the talk’ on climate change. In conclusion the paper highlights the need for further corporate climate initiatives, and calls on governments of developing countries to take a bold stance on climate negotiations as this is a key to encouraging the corporate toward climate friendly and carbon reduction initiatives. © Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Carbon disclosure; Carbon disclosure project; Carbon performance; Climate change; Climate performance; Corporate South Africa; Johannesburg stock exchange	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937840733	Lack of quality financial reporting systems and its impact on the growth of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe	Wadesango O.V.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4CONT5	None	University of Limpopo, South Africa	Wadesango, O.V., University of Limpopo, South Africa	The importance of quality accounting records cannot be overlooked. Complete and accurate record keeping enables the business to identify and take count of its assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of lack of quality financial reporting systems on the growth of small and medium scale enterprises (SMES) in Zimbabwe. The main findings of this concept paper revealed that the smaller the business the less the owners see the importance of keeping quality accounting records. It also emerged from literature reviewed that there is a strong relationship between performance and accounting records. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Financial Reporting Systems; Impact; Medium Scale Enterprises; Quality; Small Scale Enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930986175	BI-directional relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4	None	University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Otieno, O.L., University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa; Ngwenya, S., University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya	Capital structure decisions are common across firms, yet capital structure theories lack a consensus on how much of debt capital firms should use to finance their operations. The main objective of this study was to investigate the bi-directional relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the NSE. The study used canonical correlation technique to determine the bidirectional relationship between capital structure and performance. The result revealed that dominant capital structure indicator to be used in an analysis to predict performance is the total debt to the total asset ratio. In the case of performance, the two variables that relate to capital structure are book value to market value ratio and asset turnover ratio. The results support the conclusion that a bidirectional relationship exists between capital structure and debt capital. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Canonical technique; Capital structure; Financial performance; NSE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883830215	Earnings per share as a measure of financial performance: Does it obscure more than it reveals?	de Wet J.	2013	Corporate Ownership and Control	10	4 C,CONT2	None	University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	de Wet, J., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The well-known earnings per share measure is simultaneously very popular but also potentially misleading. This study briefly discusses the popularity of EPS and then outlines three limitations, namely the inability of EPS to reflect shareholder value, EPS management and an inherent bias towards positive EPS growth. A case study approach is used to analyze the EPS growth of three listed companies and the four major components of EPS growth are identified. These are inflation, increased asset investment due to retained profit and debt, operating leverage and financial leverage. It is indicated how an "excess" EPS growth can be determined and it was found that none of the three case study companies was able to generate positive "excess" EPS growth.	Earnings management; Earnings per share (EPS); EPS growth; Financial leverage; Operating leverage; Shareholder value; Sustainable growth rate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949741181	Corporate governance on financial performance of insurance industry	Fekadu G.W.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT10	None	University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Fekadu, G.W., University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	The role of corporate governance in financial institutions differs from that of non- financial institutions for the discretionary power of the board of directors would be limited especially in regulated financial systems where financial institutions are obliged to function through legislative and prescriptive procedures, policies, rules and regulations. This study, therefore, was aimed at examining the impact of corporate governance on the performance of closely regulated Ethiopian insurance Industry. The study employed explanatory research design with an econometric panel data of 10 Insurance companies that covers the period 2007 to 2014. Board size, board independence and board diversity have negative and insignificant effect on the performance of insurance companies while size and independence of audit committee and frequency of board meetings have positive but insignificant effect on the performance of insurance companies in Ethiopia. Thus it could be concluded that all corporate governance mechanisms have insignificant effect on the performance of insurance companies measured by return on asset. This vividly affirms that the role of board of directors in closely regulated financial sector is dismal and insignificant for they have limited discretionary power to exercise as board of directors. Thus it would be recommendable if the regulatory body could relax its prescriptive and stringent policies and devolve its power to board of directors without endangering the viability of insurance companies. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All right rserved.	Board of directors; Corporate governance; Ethiopia; Insurance companies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931038947	Board diversity, external governance, ownership structure and performance in Ethiopian microfinance institutions	Wale L.E.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	3CONT1	None	University of South Africa, South Africa	Wale, L.E., University of South Africa, South Africa	This research investigated the effect of governance dimensions such as board diversity, external governance and ownership structures on the sustainability and outreach performance of Ethiopian MFIs. A panel data of 13 MFIs for 6 years (2003-2008) is used for the study. No study of such type is conducted in the past for the Ethiopian environment. The result indicates that more women on board of directors help in depth of outreach whereas board members with a financial skill and local businessmen reduce depth of outreach. Regulation has an opposite effect in that it reduces sustainability without curtailing depth of outreach. Rating of MFIs activity by rating agencies is found to have a good effect of increasing sustainability and at the same time cater f or more women borrowers. On ownership structure it is found that MFIs dominantly owned by individual investors lends less to women and more profitable indicating the commercial orientation of their operation . © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Ethiopia; Governance; Outreach; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941049306	Examining the relationship between ceo remuneration and performance of major commercial banks in South Africa	Khumalo M., Masenge A.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1	None	University of South Africa, South Africa; University of Pretoria, South Africa	Khumalo, M., University of South Africa, South Africa; Masenge, A., University of Pretoria, South Africa	The relationship between CEO remuneration and firm performance continues to receive much attention. Although the focus of most of the studies is across sectors, attention is increasingly being directed towards the banking industry. At the same time, controversy around what is deemed excessive remuneration of CEOs in the light of not so impressive firm performance across sectors continues. The 2008 global financial crisis and subsequent problems in the banking industry have increased interest in the dynamics of CEO remuneration and bank performance. This study, which examines the relationship between CEO remuneration and bank performance in South Africa, aims to bring a new perspective to the on-going research and debate. The data used is for the years 2008-2013, and a purposive sampling method was employed to select a sample frame that consists of five major commercial banks in South Africa. The results suggest that not all measurement instruments used confirmed that a relationship between CEO remuneration and bank performance existed. In the overall, the results of the study do show that the remuneration of the CEO in the banking industry is such that it does have a significant influence on the performance of a bank. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Bank performance; CEO remuneration; Regression; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874227877	The relationship between board size, board composition, CEO duality and firm performance: Experience from Ghana	Kyereboah-Coleman A., Biekpe N.	2006	Corporate Ownership and Control	4	0.083333333333	None	University of Stellenbosch, Graduate School of Business, South Africa; Africa Centre for Investment Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Kyereboah-Coleman, A., University of Stellenbosch, Graduate School of Business, South Africa; Biekpe, N., Africa Centre for Investment Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The paper examined board characteristics and its impact on the performance of non-financial listed firms in Ghana. Data covering 11 year period (1990-2001) was used and analysis conducted within the panel data framework. The study shows that most Ghanaian firms adopt the two-tier board structure and are largely non-independent. The regression results, though relatively mixed, confirm other studies and show that there should be a clear separation of the two critical positions of CEO and board chairman in order to reduce agency cost for enhanced firm performance.	Corporate governance; Firm-performance; Ghana; Tobin's Q	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649119135	Do boards and CEOs matter for bank performance? A comparative analysis of banks in Ghana	Kyereboah-Coleman A., Biekpe N.	2006	Corporate Ownership and Control	4	0.041666666667	None	University of Stellenbosch, Graduate School of Business, South Africa; Centre for Investment Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Kyereboah-Coleman, A., University of Stellenbosch, Graduate School of Business, South Africa; Biekpe, N., Centre for Investment Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	In this study, we examine whether Board characteristics have impact on bank performance by comparing listed and non-listed banks. The study uses panel data covering the eight year period, 1997- 2004 from all the 18 Banks in Ghana. Findings of the study confirm earlier studies. While the size of the board has positive correlation with bank performance whether listed or not listed, the more independent a board is the better the performance in spite of a bank's listing status. Of significance is the finding that when a CEO doubles as a board chairman, it impact positively on performance in the overall sample, but negatively in both sub-samples.	Bank-performance; Corporate governance; Ghana	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897132364	Bank strategic and risk management: A survey to determine the impact of the current world financial crisis on future bank management in South Africa	Wessels B., Van Rooyen J.H.	2010	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	1 D	None	University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Wessels, B., University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Rooyen, J.H., University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The purpose of this research was to determine how the banks in South Africa perceive the future of bank management and banks risk management over the next couple of years within the context of the financial crisis that recently played out globally. It is clear from the survey results that South African (SA) banks were not affected as much by the crisis as some of their international counterparts. Primarily because of the credit legislations introduced in SA recently. Other reasons may be due to conservatism and sufficient capitalisation of banks and less involvement in global markets where major problems were experienced. The survey indicates that SA banks are prepared to learn from the crisis and are planning to improve financial risk management. Consolidation or centralisation of the risk management functions may be prevalent. According to the survey, liquidity risk management that used to be a fairly low risk management priority in previous bank and treasury surveys, now tops the list of important risks te better manage in the future.	Bank management; Bank risk management; Risk management; Subprime crisis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60249099900	Corporate social and environmental reporting and the impact of internal environmental policy in South Africa	Mitchell C.G., Hill T.	2009	Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management	16	1	10.1002/csr.179	University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, Farmington, ME, United States; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Science, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, 270 Main Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States	Mitchell, C.G., University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, Farmington, ME, United States, University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, 270 Main Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States; Hill, T., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Science, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa	The paper investigates the development and use of corporate social and environmental reporting by businesses within a large municipality in South Africa. There is a strong call for improved CSR, and a greater degree of accountability and transparency by business. The survey was conducted through the use of interviews following a structured questionnaire with the Global Reporting Initiative used as an appropriate framework. This approach allowed us to determine the challenges businesses face in implementing a comprehensive CSR system in the South African context and why, other than companies which are part of a group, businesses are unable or unwilling to increase external reporting. We suggest that implementation of a comprehensive and externally controlled and certified standard, such as ISO 14001 would not only reduce environmental impacts, but facilitate increased CSR. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54049094330	Evaluation of the inhibitive effect of some plant extracts on the acid corrosion of mild steel	Oguzie E.E.	2008	Corrosion Science	50	11	10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.004	Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Oguzie, E.E., Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 by extracts of selected plants was investigated using a gasometric technique at temperatures of 30 and 60 °C. The studied plants materials include leaf extracts Occimum viridis (OV), Telferia occidentalis (TO), Azadirachta indica (AI) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) as well as extracts from the seeds of Garcinia kola (GK). The results indicate that all the extracts inhibited the corrosion process in both acid media by virtue of adsorption and inhibition efficiency improved with concentration. Synergistic effects increased the inhibition efficiency in the presence of halide additives. Inhibition mechanisms were deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency as well as from assessment of kinetic and activation parameters that govern the processes. Comparative analysis of the inhibitor adsorption behaviour in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 as well as the effects of temperature and halide additives suggest that both protonated and molecular species could be responsible for the inhibiting action of the extracts. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition	Acids; Adsorption; Concentration (process); Corrosion; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Steel; A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; Acid corrosions; Acid medias; Activation parameters; Adsorption behaviours; Azadirachta indica; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition; Comparative analysis; Corrosion inhibitions; Corrosion processes; Effects of temperatures; Halide additives; Inhibition efficiencies; Inhibition mechanisms; Inhibitive effects; Kinetic; Leaf extracts; Mild steels; Molecular species; Plant extracts; Protonated; Synergistic effects; Temperature dependences; Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891630909	The impact of additional nitrates in mild steel corrosion in a seawater/sediment system	Pillay C., Lin J.	2014	Corrosion Science	80	None	10.1016/j.corsci.2013.11.047	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa	Pillay, C., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa; Lin, J., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of additional nitrate sources on mild steel coupon corrosion in a seawater/sediment system. The results show that addition of 5. mM of nitrate sources significantly increased the weight loss of coupons after 20. weeks. SEM results indicate increase in microbial populations and corrosive products in the non-autoclaved and the nitrate-treated environments. EDX analyses revealed an increase in contents of carbon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium with the exception of iron with an increase in incubation time. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Mild steel; B. SEM; B. Weight loss; C. Microbiological corrosion	EDX analysis; Incubation time; Microbial populations; Microbiological corrosion; Nitrate sources; Steel coupon; Weight loss; Carbon steel; Corrosion; Nitrates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952898861	Influence of iron microstructure on the performance of polyacrylic acid as corrosion inhibitor in sulfuric acid solution	Umoren S.A., Li Y., Wang F.H.	2011	Corrosion Science	53	5	10.1016/j.corsci.2011.01.052	State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria	Umoren, S.A., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Li, Y., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Wang, F.H., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China	The corrosion inhibition behavior of bulk nanocrystalline ingot iron (BNII) fabricated from coarse polycrystalline ingot iron (CPII) by severe rolling technique by polyacrylic acid (PAA) was studied in 0.1M H2SO4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results indicated that PAA inhibited the acid induced corrosion of both iron specimens, with greater effect noted for BNII. The corrosion inhibiting effect was influenced by the microstructure of the iron samples. Synergistic inhibition effect was observed on addition of iodide ions to PAA in case of CPII while for BNII inhibition efficiency marginally increased. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Iron; A. Polyacrylic acid; C. Corrosion inhibition; C. Microstructures; C. Nanocrystallization	A. Iron; A. Polyacrylic acid; C. Corrosion inhibition; C. Microstructures; C. Nanocrystallization; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Ingots; Microstructure; Nanocrystallization; Organic acids; Sulfuric acid; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953303691	Cost-effectiveness analysis of clinical specialist outreach as compared to referral system in Ethiopia: An economic evaluation	Kifle Y.A., Nigatu T.H.	2010	Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation	8	None	10.1186/1478-7547-8-13	College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kifle, Y.A., College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Nigatu, T.H., Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: In countries with scarce specialized Human resource for health, patients are usually referred. The other alternative has been mobilizing specialists, clinical specialist outreach. This study examines whether clinical specialist outreach is a cost effective way of using scarce health expertise to provide specialist care as compared to provision of such services through referral system in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study on four purposively selected regional hospitals and three central referral hospitals was conducted from Feb 4-24, 2009. The perspective of analysis was societal covering analytic horizon and time frame from 1 April 2007 to 31 Dec 2008. Data were collected using interview of specialists, project focal persons, patients and review of records. To ensure the propriety standards of evaluation, Ethical clearance was obtained from Jimma University.Results: It was found that 532 patients were operated at outreach hospitals in 125 specialist days. The unit cost of surgical procedures was found to be ETB 4,499.43. On the other hand, if the 125 clinical specialist days were spent to serve patients referred from zonal and regional hospitals at central referral hospitals, 438 patients could have been served. And the unit cost of surgical procedures through referral would have been ETB 6,523.27 per patient. This makes clinical specialist outreach 1.45 times more cost effective way of using scarce clinical specialists' time as compared to referral system.Conclusion: Clinical specialist outreach is a cost effective and cost saving way of spending clinical specialists' time as compared to provision of similar services through referral system. © 2010 Kifle and Nigatu; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; clinical trial; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; economic evaluation; Ethiopia; health care cost; human; major clinical study; medical specialist; multicenter study; patient referral; resource allocation; surgical technique	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746067847	The human factor II: Creating a high performance culture in an organization	Kaliprasad M.	2006	Cost Engineering (Morgantown, West Virginia)	48	6	None	Murray and Roberts Engineering Solutions of Bedfordview, Gauteng, South Africa; AACE, South Africa	Kaliprasad, M., Murray and Roberts Engineering Solutions of Bedfordview, Gauteng, South Africa, AACE, South Africa	An organization's long-term success depends on the ability of that organization to sustain the delivery of quality products and services, yet many organizations fail in the area of a sustainable high performance culture. This article explores the three major deterrents to sustaining this high performance in an organization. The key aspects of what constitutes an organizational culture, and more importantly, a high performance culture will also be discussed, as will the "Four Cultures Model," providing some clarity on the central tendencies of all organizations. The stronger the culture, the more resistant it is to change. For an organizational culture to maintain its strength and adapt to shifts in its environment requires contribution, candor, and constant learning. Having a high performance culture has financial implications, as indicated by a study showing non-high performers increasing net income by just one percent over an 11-year period, compared to the 756 percent improvement for the organizations identified as having high-performing cultures. The importance of establishing a culture of business excellence is also discussed as is the dynamics of striving beyond business excellence. What is key throughout are the concepts of teamwork, global thinking, and dynamic leadership, with specific focus on solutions. A sustainable high performance culture model is also discussed highlighting five key success factors. It has to be said that the only way that organizations can be considered as high performing is if the people who comprise these organizations succeed. Performance can also be influenced from any number of factors, including not just the internal elements such as organizational culture, structures, processes and leadership, but also external elements. High performance depends upon the alignment of internal systems with the larger system within which the organization operates.	Education; Leadership; Organizational performance; Profits; Team work	Leadership; Organizational performance; Profits; Team work; Mathematical models; Quality control; Societies and institutions; Sustainable development	None
WoS	WOS:000247094100002	Impact of small arms insecurity on the public health of pastoralists in the Kenya-Uganda border regions	Mkutu, Kennedy Agade	2007	CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE	47	1	10.1007/s10611-007-9056-6	Kenya Inst Adm	None	Small arms must be considered as a public health problem, but quantifying the public health impact of small arms is difficult and studies are sparse in areas of conflict. This study considers the remote cross border area between Kenya and Uganda where pastoral conflict in the form of cattle raiding with the use of small arms has escalated in recent years, and where health facilities are scarce. Hospitals and clinics in Karamoja, Uganda, and West Pokot, Kenya were visited by the author, to collect any available data on small arms injuries. Interviews with hospital staff helped to provide further insight into the statistics. Statistics showed that most injuries were sustained during raiding, though worrying incidences of injury among noncombatants and young children were found. Many serious injuries and limb fractures were documented, likely to have some long-term implications for pain, growth, disability, and livelihood. Deaths and injuries are likely to be significantly underestimated by the statistics, due to problems of transport, insecurity, deaths prior to arrival, admission fees for some facilities, and fear of reporting injuries due to the criminal element. Police statistics support this conclusion. The situation appeared to be worse in Uganda as opposed to Kenya, but cooperation between the two countries is needed since pastoralists readily cross the borders both to raid and to attend clinics and hospitals.	,CONFLICT,POLITICS,STATE,SUNGUSUNGU,TANZANIA,"VILLAGE VIGILANTE GROUPS",VIOLENCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888599365	Repeating and disrupting embodied histories through performance: Exhibit A, Mies Julie and Itsoseng	Flockemann M.	2013	Critical Arts	27	4	10.1080/02560046.2013.828391	University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Flockemann, M., University of the Western Cape, South Africa	The concern about South African arts being - as Achille Mbembe claims - 'stuck in repetition' can be challenged by examining developments in the performance arts which deliberately employ repetition. In these cases repetition is played with not just as a process of voiding or emptying out, but also to reconceptualise and embody historical and lived experiences. This can involve re-enactments of images, texts and theatrical styles which are worked upon and productively problematised through performance as a live event. In looking at the performance aesthetics of repetition, Diana Taylor's The archive and the repertoire (2003) provides a useful context, since Taylor's work straddles the disciplinary intersections between performance studies, anthropology and history. As point of departure, this article focuses on three works produced at the 2012 National Arts Festival, since the accumulation of new and not-new works viewed in quick succession offers scope for identifying aesthetic trends and shifts. Brett Bailey's Exhibit A, Yael Farber's Mies Julie, and Omphile Molusi's Itsoseng, for instance, demonstrate various aspects of an aesthetics of repetition. The embodied histories that are performed in these works throw up a number of paradoxes. However, the productions do not simply circulate performing bodies as empty aesthetic images, but as transmitters of cultural memory, as well as witnesses to states of profound transition that engage both performers and audiences alike. © 2013 Critical Arts Projects & Unisa Press.	Embodiment; National Arts Festival; Performance art; Re-enactment; Repetition; South African cultural production; Theatre aesthetics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61649094018	Routine delirium monitoring in a UK critical care unit	Page V.J., Navarange S., Gama S., McAuley D.F.	2009	Critical Care	13	1	10.1186/cc7714	Department of Anaesthetics, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford WD19 4DZ, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville 4038, South Africa; Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BN, United Kingdom	Page, V.J., Department of Anaesthetics, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford WD19 4DZ, United Kingdom; Navarange, S., Department of Anaesthetics, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford WD19 4DZ, United Kingdom; Gama, S., Department of Anaesthetics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville 4038, South Africa; McAuley, D.F., Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BN, United Kingdom	Introduction: Delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Using an assessment tool has been shown to improve the ability of clinicians in the ICU to detect delirium. The confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) is a validated delirium-screening tool for critically ill intubated patients. The aim of this project was to establish the feasibility of routine delirium screening using the CAM-ICU and to identify the incidence of delirium in a UK critical care unit. Methods: Routine CAM-ICU monitoring was implemented in a mixed critical care unit in January 2007 following a two-month educational and promotional campaign. Guidelines for the management of delirium were introduced. During a two-month prospective audit in September and October 2007, the daily CAM-ICU was recorded by the bedside nurse for consecutive level 2 and level 3 patients admitted to the mixed medical/ surgical critical care ward in a district general hospital. This was repeated in January 2008. Patient outcome was recorded. The records of an additional cohort of ventilated patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine compliance with routine CAM-ICU assessments. Results: Seventy-one patients were included in the observational cohort, with 60 patients in the retrospective cohort. In the prospective group it was not possible to assess for delirium with the CAM-ICU in nine patients due to persistent coma or inability to understand simple instructions. Excluding elective post-operative patients, the incidence of delirium was 45% in patients who could be assessed; in the 27 ventilated patients who could be assessed it was 63%. From the retrospective data compliance with the CAM-ICU assessment was 92%. The incidence of delirium in this retrospective group of ventilated patients who could be assessed was 65%. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that delirium screening is feasible in a UK ICU population. The high incidence of delirium and the impact on outcomes in this UK cohort of patients is in line with previous reports. © 2009 Page et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; aged; article; artificial ventilation; clinical assessment tool; cohort analysis; confusion assessment method for the ICU; controlled study; critically ill patient; delirium; feasibility study; female; high risk patient; human; incidence; intensive care; major clinical study; male; observational study; outcome assessment; patient monitoring; priority journal; retrospective study; United Kingdom; comparative study; critical illness; delirium; intensive care unit; mass screening; methodology; middle aged; prospective study; psychological aspect; Aged; Cohort Studies; Critical Illness; Delirium; Female; Great Britain; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies	None
None	None	Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: A KDIGO summary (Part 1)	Kellum J.A., Lameire N., Aspelin P., Barsoum R.S., Burdmann E.A., Goldstein S.L., Herzog C.A., Joannidis M., Kribben A., Levey A.S., Macleod A.M., Mehta R.L., Murray P.T., Naicker S., Opal S.M., Schaefer F., Schetz M., Uchino S.	2012	Critical Care	17	1	10.1186/cc11454	The Crisma Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 604 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B9000, Belgium; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Cairo University, Egypt; University of São Paulo, Brazil; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, United States; Hennepin County Medical Center, MN, United States; Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Tufts University, MA, United States; University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; University College Dublin, Ireland; University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Brown University, RI, United States; Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; University of Leuven, Belgium; Jikei University, School of Medicine, Japan	Kellum, J.A., The Crisma Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 604 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Lameire, N., Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B9000, Belgium; Aspelin, P., Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Barsoum, R.S., Cairo University, Egypt; Burdmann, E.A., University of São Paulo, Brazil; Goldstein, S.L., Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, United States; Herzog, C.A., Hennepin County Medical Center, MN, United States; Joannidis, M., Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Kribben, A., University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Levey, A.S., Tufts University, MA, United States; Macleod, A.M., University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Mehta, R.L., University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Murray, P.T., University College Dublin, Ireland; Naicker, S., University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Opal, S.M., Brown University, RI, United States; Schaefer, F., Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Schetz, M., University of Leuven, Belgium; Uchino, S., Jikei University, School of Medicine, Japan	Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious problem affecting millions and causing death and disability for many. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes completed the first ever, international, multidisciplinary, clinical practice guideline for AKI. The guideline is based on evidence review and appraisal, and covers AKI definition, risk assessment, evaluation, prevention, and treatment. In this review we summarize key aspects of the guideline including definition and staging of AKI, as well as evaluation and nondialytic management. Contrast-induced AKI and management of renal replacement therapy will be addressed in a separate review. Treatment recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant trials. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Limitations of the evidence are discussed and a detailed rationale for each recommendation is provided. © 2013 BioMed Central Ltd.	None	albumin; amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide; aminoglycoside; amphotericin; contrast medium; creatinine; dopamine; fenoldopam mesilate; furosemide; hetastarch; hypertensive factor; insulin; interleukin 18; mannitol; nesiritide; noradrenalin; rolofylline; theophylline; creatine; diuretic agent; glucose blood level; vasoconstrictor agent; vasodilator agent; acute kidney failure; article; blood cell count; burn; contrast induced nephropathy; creatinine blood level; disease severity; fluid resuscitation; follow up; glycemic control; heart surgery; human; hyperglycemia; insulin treatment; kidney function; oxygenation; practice guideline; priority journal; prognosis; renal protection; renal replacement therapy; risk assessment; sepsis; shock; urea nitrogen blood level; urine volume; Acute Kidney Injury; analysis; blood; decision support system; fluid therapy; glucose blood level; nutritional support; off pump coronary surgery; practice guideline; urine; Acute Kidney Injury; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; Creatine; Decision Support Techniques; Diuretics; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Nutritional Support; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Assessment; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862752637	The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: A prospective intervention study	Jacob S.T., Banura P., Baeten J.M., Moore C.C., Meya D., Nakiyingi L., Burke R., Horton C.L., Iga B., Wald A., Reynolds S.J., Mayanja-Kizza H., Scheld W.M.	2012	Critical Care Medicine	40	7	10.1097/CCM.0b013e31824e65d7	Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center (INTERSECT), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Jacob, S.T., Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine, International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center (INTERSECT), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Banura, P., Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda; Baeten, J.M., Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Moore, C.C., Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Meya, D., College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Nakiyingi, L., College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Burke, R., Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Horton, C.L., Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Iga, B., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Wald, A., Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mayanja-Kizza, H., College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Scheld, W.M., Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States	In sub-Saharan Africa, sepsis is an important cause of mortality. Optimal sepsis management including fluid resuscitation, early antibiotic administration, and patient monitoring is limited by lack of supplies and skilled health workers. Objective: To evaluate whether early, monitored sepsis management provided by a study medical officer can improve survival among patients with severe sepsis admitted to two public hospitals in Uganda. Design, Setting, and Patients: A prospective before and after study of an intervention cohort (n = 426) with severe sepsis receiving early, monitored sepsis management compared to an observation cohort (n = 245) of similarly ill patients with severe sepsis receiving standard management after admission to the medical wards of two Ugandan hospitals. INTERVENTION:: Early sepsis management provided by a dedicated study medical officer comprising fluid resuscitation, early antibiotics, and regular monitoring in the first 6 hrs of hospitalization. Measurements: Kaplan-Meier survival and unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to compare the effect of early, monitored sepsis management on 30-day mortality between the intervention cohort (enrolled May 2008 to May 2009) and observation cohort (enrolled July 2006 to November 2006). Results: The majority (86%) of patients in both cohorts were human immuno-deficiency virus-infected. Median fluid volume provided in the first 6 hrs of hospitalization was higher in intervention than observation cohort patients (3000 mL vs. 500 mL, p < .001) and a greater proportion of intervention cohort patients received antibacterial therapy in <1 hr (67% vs. 30.4%, p < .001). Mortality at 30 days was significantly lower in the intervention cohort compared to the observation cohort (33.0% vs. 45.7%, log-rank p = .005). After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard of 30-day mortality was 26% less in the intervention cohort compared to the observation cohort (adjusted hazards ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.98). Mortality among the 13% of intervention patients who developed signs of respiratory distress was associated with baseline illness severity rather than fluid volume administered. CONCLUSION:: Early, monitored management of severely septic patients in Uganda improves survival and is feasible and safe even in a busy public referral hospital. © 2012 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; fluid therapy; management bundle; mortality; pulmonary edema; sepsis; Uganda	antibiotic agent; adult; antibiotic therapy; article; cohort analysis; disease severity; female; fluid resuscitation; fluid therapy; hospital admission; hospital patient; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; observational study; patient monitoring; priority journal; prospective study; sepsis; survival; treatment planning; Uganda; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Pressure; Female; Fluid Therapy; HIV Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Intervention Studies; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult; Sepsis; Severity of Illness Index; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952744220	Post-privatization performance and organizational changes: Case studies from Ghana	Tsamenyi M., Onumah J., Tetteh-Kumah E.	2010	Critical Perspectives on Accounting	21	5	10.1016/j.cpa.2008.01.002	Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Barclays Bank, Ghana	Tsamenyi, M., Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Onumah, J., University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Tetteh-Kumah, E., Barclays Bank, Ghana	A significant number of less developed countries (LDCs), including Ghana, have embraced the World Bank/IMF led economic reforms. Ghana has been implementing these reforms since the early 1980. One of the conditions of the reforms is the privatization of former state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Such privatization activities have however generated debates among academics, practitioners, and policy makers. Research findings so far have been mixed. This paper analyzes the performance of two large privatized companies in Ghana. Both companies have been paraded by the Ghanaian authorities and the international financial community as success stories of privatization. Our objective is to examine how and why these firms have been claimed to be successful. Drawing on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard, we examine the performance of the firms from five main perspectives-financial, customers, internal business process, learning and growth, and the community. The analysis is based on data gathered from diverse sources, namely, semi-structured interviews and discussions with managers of the selected companies and with personnel from key government departments, and analysis of internal and external documents. We conclude that, overall the performance of both organizations improved after privatization under all the performance dimensions examined. These improvements were also accompanied by certain organizational changes, including changes in the accounting and control systems. However we are not claiming that all privatization programs in Ghana have been successful. In fact there are stories in the Ghanaian media of several other privatization failures in the country. Instead what we have demonstrated is the need to explain the performance of privatized firms beyond the myopic macro-level and financial analysis which has been widely adopted by the international financial community and policy makers and we encourage other researchers to adopt such multidimensional approaches. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd.	Balanced scorecard; Ghana; Less developed countries; Performance evaluation; Privatization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896366728	Impact of corporate social irresponsibility on the corporate image and reputation of multinational oil corporations in Nigeria	Amujo O.C., Laninhun B.A., Otubanjo O., Ajala V.O.	2012	Critical Studies on Corporate Responsibility, Governance and Sustainability	4	None	10.1108/S2043-9059(2012)0000004020	Laninhun Department of Communication Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lagos Business School, Pan-African University, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Human Communications, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Public Relations, La	Amujo, O.C., Nigerian Institute of Public Relations, Lagos, Nigeria; Laninhun, B.A., Laninhun Department of Communication Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Otubanjo, O., Lagos Business School, Pan-African University, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajala, V.O., Department of Human Communications, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria	Purpose - This chapter examines how irresponsible corporate activities (environmental pollution, human rights abuses, tax evasion, corruption and contract scandals) of some multinational oil companies in the Niger Delta influence stakeholders' perception of their image/reputation in Nigeria. Methodology - The objective of this chapter is accomplished through the review of literature on the activities of multinational oil corporations in the Niger Delta, supported by qualitative interviews and analysis of archival materials. Findings - Three important findings emerged from this study. First, the participants were fully aware of the irresponsible behaviours of oil corporations in the Niger Delta, and some oil corporations were involved in these illicit acts. Second, the analysis of archival materials supports the participants' views with reference to the identities of the corporations involved in these criminal acts. Third, the absence of a strong corporate governance system in Nigeria makes it possible for the officials of oil corporations to tactically circumvent the law by involving in a maze of sophisticated corrupt acts. Research/practical implications - The implication for the academics and practitioners is evident when a corporation implements corporate social responsibility dutifully; it generates positive impact on its corporate reputation rating. Conversely, when a corporation engages in irresponsible corporate misbehaviours, it attracts negative consequences on its reputation. Originality - The originality of this chapter lies in the fact that it is the first empirical study to examine the impact of corporate social irresponsibility on the image/reputation of multinational oil corporations in Nigeria. Copyrightr © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate image; Corporate reputation; Corporate social irresponsibility; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46849098983	Evaluation of alcohol screening and brief intervention in routine practice of primary care nurses in Vhembe district, South Africa	Peltzer K., Matseke G., Azwihangwisi M., Babor T.	2008	Croatian Medical Journal	49	3	10.3325/cmj.2008.3.392	Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Community Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States; Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Peltzer, K., Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Matseke, G., Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Azwihangwisi, M., Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Babor, T., Department of Community Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States	Aim: To assess the implementation of the Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) strategy as part of a routine practice of nurses in 18 primary health care services in Vhembe district, South Africa. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study to assess the success of implementation of the SBI in 18 primary health care services. We examined all anonymously completed questionnaires (n = 2670) collected from all practices after a 6-month implementation period. Clinic managers were interviewed on SBI implementation after 4 months of implementation. The success of implementation was assessed on the basis of perceived benefits, beliefs, values, past history, current needs, competing priorities, complexity of innovation, trialability and observability, and feedback on SBI performance. Results: In the 6-month period, nurses screened 2670 patients and found that 648 (23.4%) patients (39.1% men and 13.8% women) were hazardous or harmful drinkers. Nine clinics had good and 9 poor SBI implementation. Factors discriminating the clinics with good or poor SBI implementation included the percentage of nurses trained in SBI, support visits, clinical workload, competing priorities, team work, innovation adoption curve, perceived complexity of innovation, compatibility beliefs, trialability, and observability of SBI. Conclusion: To improve SBI implementation as a routine practice, more attention should be paid to training modalities, clinic organization, and changes in the attitudes of nurses.	None	alcohol; adult; alcoholism; article; controlled study; drinking behavior; female; health service; human; major clinical study; male; medical education; medical practice; nurse; primary medical care; questionnaire; religion; risk factor; screening test; South Africa; teamwork; workload; Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Nurses; Primary Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951723791	Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against Cataenococcus ensete [Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)] on enset	Lemawork S., Azerefegne F., Alemu T., Addis T., Blomme G.	2011	Crop Protection	30	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.018	Bureau of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory, Awassa, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Awassa Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Awassa, Ethiopia; Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda	Lemawork, S., Bureau of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory, Awassa, Ethiopia; Azerefegne, F., Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Addis, T., Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Awassa Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Awassa, Ethiopia; Blomme, G., Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda	Enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an economically important pest on enset. Adults and nymphs of overlapping generations feed on the corms and roots of enset and are difficult to control once established. Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnickoff) Sorokin that originated from Ethiopia were evaluated for their efficacies against enset root mealybugs under laboratory, pots and field conditions. Of the tested isolates, two strains (FF and PPRC-56) of B. bassiana were found to be highly pathogenic to adults, causing 97 and 100% mortality, respectively 20 days after inoculation under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, the isolates PPRC-56, FF, PPRC-6 and Mm induced mean mortalities of 97, 95, 96 and 83%, respectively, to the adult enset root mealybugs on the pot experiment, and 51.33, 38.67, 29.33 and 19.33% mortality at the first site and 54.00, 42.67, 32.00 and 25.33% at the second site, respectively, in field experiments. The study showed B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can be used in the integrated management of enset root mealybug. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Beauveria bassiana; Cataenococcus ensete; Enset root mealybug; Ethiopia; Metarhizium anisopliae	entomopathogenic organism; fungus; inoculation; insect; integrated pest management; monocotyledon; mortality; pest species; Ethiopia; Bulnesia sarmienti; Cordyceps bassiana; Ensete; Fungi; Hemiptera; Metarhizium anisopliae; Pseudococcidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745580840	Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: A 2-year survey in Makhatini Flats (South Africa)	Hofs J.-L., Fok M., Vaissayre M.	2006	Crop Protection	25	9	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.006	CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France	Hofs, J.-L., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; Fok, M., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Vaissayre, M., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France	This paper explores insecticide use in fields cropped with conventional or Bt cotton varieties in a smallholder farming area (Makhathini Flats, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa). The study was carried out during the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons as part of a broader survey based on daily monitoring of a sample of smallholdings. The adoption of Bt cotton led to a decrease in pyrethroid use, but the level of insect resistance of this cultivar was not sufficient to completely drop this pesticide from the spraying programme. On the other hand, organophosphates were still being applied in substantial amounts, thus raising questions as to the impact of Bt cotton adoption on farmers' health. The overall economic results obtained with Bt cotton were slightly positive despite the low cotton yields obtained in the Flats during our survey. Bt cotton adoption did lead to labour savings, but the extent of this gain was not as high as expected. In conclusion, cropping Bt cotton in Makhathini Flats did not generate sufficient income to expect a tangible and sustainable socioeconomic improvement due to the way the crop is currently managed. Adoption of an innovation like Bt cotton seems to pay only in an agro-system with a sufficient level of intensification. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bt cotton; Cost-effectiveness; Insecticide use; Integrated crop management; Safety; Small-scale farming; South Africa	cotton; growing season; innovation; insecticide; organophosphate; smallholder; socioeconomic conditions; yield response; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Makhathini Flats; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Insecta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896361933	Evaluation of acaricide-treated string curtains for control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse roses and impact of the string curtain on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari	Deletre E.M., Bonafos R., Martin T.	2014	Crop Protection	60	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2014.02.005	Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Deletre, E.M., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; Bonafos, R., SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Martin, T., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France, Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Foliar sprays of pesticides are frequently used to control two-spotted mites on rose flowers, but these also destroy predatory mites and pose a high risk of contamination for humans and the environment. Using a novel approach to avoid spray applications on rose plants, modified acaricide-treated string curtains were adapted to control the pest. Two main aims of this study were: (i) to identify the lethal concentration of string curtains treated with propargite, dicofol, flufenoxuron, acrinathrin or tau-fluvalinate (τ-fluvalinate) on Tetranychus urticae, and (ii) to test the design (feasibility) and efficiency of the string curtains to trap the phytophagous mites on the plants during their circadian migration. Bioassay results in the lab confirmed T.urticae circadian migration, toxicity of the five kinds of treated string curtains and a concentration-dependent repellent effect of each chemical on T.urticae females. Of the two products tested in the field, dicofol was more effective than acrinathrin in controlling T.urticae compared to an acaricidal spray of the same products. The effect of acaricide-treated string curtain use on Phytoseiulus persimilis did not differ significantly from the control. The string curtain technique proved to be effective, but because of some biotic and abiotic constraints and the low economic threshold of mites, even for the commercialized high canopy stem roses, the present device could be more appropriate for another horticultural crop, e.g. tomato. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Impregnated material; Phytoseiulus persimilis; Repellency; Roses; Tetranychus urticae; Toxicity	acaricide; bioassay; canopy; design; horticulture; migration; mite; pest control; pesticide; pollution effect; predator; risk factor; shrub; threshold; toxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349111330	Evaluation of resistance in selected cocoa genotypes to the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund in Nigeria	Anikwe J.C., Omoloye A.A., Aikpokpodion P.O., Okelana F.A., Eskes A.B.	2009	Crop Protection	28	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.014	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Omoloye, A.A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Okelana, F.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Eskes, A.B., Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	The use of host-plant resistance is the most economic and ecologically sound option for the control of the most important insect pest of cocoa, Sahlbergella singularis leaving no deleterious side effects on the produce and the environment. 44 genotypes comprising 24 hybrids and 20 clones were assessed for antixenosis whereas 25 and 28 genotypes were tested for antibiosis and tolerance, respectively. The brown cocoa mirids showed significant non-preference for genotypes T65/7xT57/22, T65/7xT9/15, P7xPa150, T53/5xN38, T53/5xT12/11, T65/35xT30/13, F3 Amazon, T86/2xT16/17, T65/7xT53/8, T86/2xT65/35, T82/27xT16/17, T9/15, T12/5, T30/13, C77, T53/8, T53/5, EET59, Pa150, UF 676, Amaz15-15, BE 10, SPEC54 and Pa107. Mirid survival (antibiosis) was lowest in EET59 (28.7%) while it ranged from 52.2 to 67.8% in genotypes BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107. The indigenous clone N38 had the highest number of lesions of 12.2 in the field while EET59, IFC-5, Playa Alta, BE10, Amaz15-15 and SPEC54 had mirid lesions of 2.7, 3.3, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 and 5.5; respectively. However, in terms of recovery from mirid damage and dieback progression which were important parameters assessed in tolerance, Clones ICS1, EET59, BE 10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54 and Pa 102 showed highest rate of recovery from mirid damage and lowest dieback progression. Clones UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon also showed moderate recovery from mirid damage with mean scores of 1.2, 2.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7, 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon performed moderately well in terms of tolerance. Some of these genotypes such as BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107 were very consistent in all mechanisms of resistance tested and therefore adjudged as resistant cocoa genotypes. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antibiosis; Antixenosis; Cocoa genotypes; Sahlbergella singularis; Tolerance	clone; cocoa; genotype; host plant; pest resistance; testing method; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Hexapoda; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846481298	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in irrigated garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Samaru, Nigeria	Tunku P., Lagoke S.T.O., Ishaya D.B.	2007	Crop Protection	26	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.05.017	College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogua State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, A.B.U., Zaria, Nigeria	Tunku, P., College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Lagoke, S.T.O., Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogua State, Nigeria; Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, A.B.U., Zaria, Nigeria	Field trials were carried out during the dry seasons of 1995 and 1996 to identify suitable pre-emergence herbicides for weed control in garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Samaru, Nigeria. All the herbicide treatments tested effectively reduced weed infestation compared with the weedy control. Garlic plant height and shoot dry matter were depressed by oxadiazon plus cinosulfuron at 0.75+0.02 kg a.i./ha, oxadiazon plus prosulfuron at both doses and in the weedy check in the two trials. In both years, oxadiazon applied alone at 1.0, 1.5 kg a.i./ha and the mixture of oxadiazon with chloroxuron and prometryne resulted in high garlic bulb yields that were comparable to that of the hoe-weeded control. In both years, the best treatment in terms of garlic bulb yield was oxadiazon plus chloroxuron at 0.75+1.0 kg a.i./ha. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Garlic; Grass weeds; Growth; Pre-emergence herbicides; Yield	crop plant; crop yield; growth rate; herbicide; weed control; yield response; Africa; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Samaru; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Allium sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149139281	Evaluation of some weed control treatments for long season weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) under zero and minimum tillage at Samaru, in Nigeria	Ishaya D.B., Tunku P., Kuchinda N.C.	2008	Crop Protection	27	7	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.020	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria; College of Agriculture, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria; Tunku, P., College of Agriculture, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Kuchinda, N.C., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria	The effect of weed control treatments for long season control of weeds in maize under zero and minimum tillage was evaluated at Samara in northern Nigeria. Among the weed control treatments evaluated, soil ridging plus application of either 2,4-D or atrazine at 1.5 kg a.i/ha performed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and a grain yield that was comparable to the hand weed control. Maize production under minimum tillage was better than under zero tillage. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Herbicides; Maize; Season; Tillage; Weed	atrazine; growth response; herbicide; maize; tillage; weed control; zero tillage; Africa; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Samaru; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748856220	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) in Nigeria	Ishaya D.B., Dadari S.A., Shebayan J.A.Y.	2007	Crop Protection	26	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.02.013	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Dadari, S.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Shebayan, J.A.Y., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Weed infestation is one of the major threats to cereal production in the Nigerian Savanna. Two trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate different types of herbicides for weed control in sorghum. Among the herbicides tested, pretilachlor+dimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha, cinosulfuron at 0.05 kg a.i./ha and piperophos+cinosulfuron at 1.5 kg a.i./ha performed best as they effectively controlled weeds, increased crop vigour, plant height, reduced crop injury and produced higher grain yield of sorghum. © 2007.	Control hoe-weeding; Herbicides; Sorghum; Weed	crop production; herbicide; sorghum; weed control; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548511846	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in three varieties of upland rice (oryza sativa L.) in the Nigerian Savannah	Ishaya D.B., Dadari S.A., Shebayan J.A.Y.	2007	Crop Protection	26	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.015	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Dadari, S.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Shebayan, J.A.Y., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	The effect of herbicides for weed control in three upland rice varieties was evaluated in the Nigerian savannah. Among the herbicides evaluated, pretilachlor+dimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha and piperophos+cinosulfuron at 1.5 kg a.i/ha perfomed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and grain yield that was comparable to the hoe-weeded control. Among the rice varieties evaluated, WAB 56-50 and FARO 40 performed better than FARO 38 as they resulted in better growth and yield. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Crop; Herbicides; Rice; Varieties; Weeds	crop yield; growth rate; herbicide; rice; weed control; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27644597711	Effects of watering regimes on aphid infestation and performance of selected varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in a humid rainforest zone of Nigeria	Agele S.O., Ofuya T.I., James P.O.	2006	Crop Protection	25	1	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.005	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Agele, S.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Ofuya, T.I., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; James, P.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Host plant drought stress affects plant productivity (growth and reproduction) and insect performance. This study was conducted to determine whether resistance to one major cowpea insect pest (Aphis craccivora, Koch) in identified cowpea varieties holds under different soil moisture regimes in the dry season period in a humid tropical rainforest zone. This information is basic to the use of insect resistant varieties for agricultural development under marginal conditions. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three water application regimes by four cowpea varieties grown in drainage lysimeters installed on the field in the dry season period in Akure, rainforest zone of Nigeria. Two aphid susceptible (Ife brown and Vita 7) and two aphid resistant (IT845-2246 and IT835-728-5) varieties were compared under soil moisture regimes. Reduction in the amount of water available to the cowpea plant (soil moisture deficit stress) in the host plant affected population trends of aphids in the different growth stages of cowpea. There were significant variations among tested aphid susceptible and aphid resistant cowpea varieties on aphid survival, population density (colony size), damage levels and seed yield reductions in relation to soil moisture regimes. A significantly lower number of aphids was observed in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties. Significant interactions between watering regimes and varieties were found for aphid survival rates, biomass and fruit yields in this study. The resistant varieties supported significantly lower aphid survival rates compared with susceptible varieties. Significant negative linear correlations were found for watering intervals (regimes) and aphid population, shoot biomass and seed (grain) yield. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aphid; Cowpea; Infestation; Tropics; Watering regimes; Yield	aphid; drought stress; host plant; pest resistance; trend analysis; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Aphididae; Aphis craccivora; Insecta; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23044501807	Screenhouse evaluation of atrazine for soil residual activity on growth, development and nutritional quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) in southwestern Nigeria	Aladesanwa R.D.	2005	Crop Protection	24	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.022	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aladesanwa, R.D., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Atrazine is still by far the most widely used herbicide for selective weed control in maize in southwestern Nigeria following which vegetable crops may be sown to 'catch' remaining moisture under rainfed multiple cropping. This study examined under screenhouse conditions the effects of soil residual activity of atrazine at the recommended dose of 3.0 kg a.i. ha-1 on the growth, development and nutritional quality of okra at intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). Results indicated that atrazine significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced plant height, total crop leaf area, and pod fresh weight in all the herbicide treatments relative to the control, but leaf number remained unaffected. Plant height, among other yield and nutritional quality indices, was found to be linearly and positively correlated with time interval between atrazine applications (P≤0.001; r=+0.98). The results of proximate analysis and determination of Vitamin C content of matured okra pods showed significant reductions in the levels of protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate, Vitamin C, calcium, iron, and moisture content in all the treatments involving atrazine application compared with control. It was concluded that okra should not be sown after maize in which atrazine has been used in order to avoid crop injury and reduced yield of pods with low nutritional value. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Maize; Soil residual activity	herbicide; weed control; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549114625	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) live mulch at different spacings for weed suppression and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) in southwestern Nigeria	Aladesanwa R.D., Adigun A.W.	2008	Crop Protection	27	6	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.019	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aladesanwa, R.D., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adigun, A.W., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The use of living plants for ground cover management in food crops is very recent in spite of the fact that food crop production in chemically killed sod has been practiced for years. A randomized complete block field experiment was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the influence of sweet potato live mulch at different intra row spacings (60 cm×25 cm, 60 cm×50 cm and 60 cm×75 cm) on weed suppression and yield response of maize in southwestern Nigeria. Hoe-weeding once at 3 and 7 weeks after planting was included in the experimental set-up as the standard cultural weed control practice. Results indicated that all the spacing regimes tested significantly (P<0.05) suppressed weed growth and increased grain yield over the unweeded sole maize. Regressing weed growth parameters (Y) against decreasing intra row spacing expressed as increasing plant population density of the sweet potato intercrop (X) showed highly significant (P≤0.001) negative relationships. Of the treatments tested, maize plus sweet potato at 60 cm×25 cm and weeding once at 3 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP) produced the highest yields, but bearing in mind the economics of labour input, weed control and yield, maize plus sweet potato at 60 cm×50 cm would appear to be the most promising of all the treatments. The results of this study further confirm the potential of sweet potato as a suitable crop for use as live mulch that can be effectively exploited for weed suppression and improved growth and yield responses in maize. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Arable crop; Live mulch; Tropics; Weed control	crop production; ground cover; intercropping; maize; mulch; population density; potato; regression analysis; weed control; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Ipomoea batatas; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875651218	Evaluation of adjuvants for enhanced management of Podosphaera xanthii using potassium silicate and biocontrol agents	Tesfagiorgis H.B., Annegarn H.J.	2013	Crop Protection	48	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2013.03.002	Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Tesfagiorgis, H.B., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Three adjuvants [polyether-polymethylsiloxane-copolymer (Break-Thru®), alkoxylated fatty alkylamine polymer/ethoxylated sorbitane ester (Partner 650®) and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80®)] were compared for their ability to improve the efficacy of potassium silicate and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against powdery mildew of zucchini caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun &amp; Shishkoff. The most effective adjuvant was investigated for its direct impact on the pathogen and deposition of BCAs using electron microscopy and its compatibility with the BCAs and zucchini plant was evaluated to establish an integrated management of powdery mildew. Furthermore, effects of Si spray in accumulation of Si and K in the leaves were measured. Break-Thru® and Partner 650® improved the efficacy of silicate by 18-35%. The best adjuvant, Break-Thru®, caused a collapse and degeneration of the conidia and hyphae of the pathogen, restricted growth and spread of the powdery mildew colonies by binding its propagative structures, and improved deposition of BCAs on the leaf surface and the fungus. Break-Thru® was compatible with the plant and the BCAs at concentrations &lt;0.4 ml l-1, and can be used with selected BCAs and SiO2 for an integrated management of powdery mildew. SiO2 applied as a foliar spray increased the level of Si in zucchini leaves, which may contribute to systemic resistance of the plant against the disease. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Adjuvant; Biocontrol agents; Podosphaera xanthii; Potassium silicate; Powdery mildew; Zucchini	biocontrol agent; deposition; disease control; electron microscopy; fungus; growth rate; integrated approach; pathogen; plant community; Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo; Erysiphales; Fungi; Podosphaera xanthii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846349113	Evaluation of fungicides and sterilants for potential application in the management of Fusarium wilt of banana	Nel B., Steinberg C., Labuschagne N., Viljoen A.	2007	Crop Protection	26	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.06.008	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; INRA-CMSE-Université de Bourgogne, DIJON, 17 rue Sully, -BP 86510, F. 21065 Dijon CEDEX, France	Nel, B., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Steinberg, C., INRA-CMSE-Université de Bourgogne, DIJON, 17 rue Sully, -BP 86510, F. 21065 Dijon CEDEX, France; Labuschagne, N., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Viljoen, A., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Fusarium wilt is considered one of the most important diseases of bananas. The disease can only be managed by using resistant cultivars and by preventing its introduction into new fields. The objectives of this study were to evaluate newly available fungicides, in vitro and in vivo, for their efficacy against the responsible pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, and to evaluate surface sterilants that could be used for sterilization purposes. Of the fungicides, prochloraz and propiconazole significantly inhibited mycelial growth at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg ml-1, respectively. Benomyl and the demethylation-inhibiting fungicides significantly reduced the disease severity of Foc when applied as a root dip treatment, showing disease reduction up to 80.6%. The results also demonstrated that certain quaternary ammonium compounds are effective as sterilants against Foc and should replace the ineffective sterilants that are currently being used. Further field evaluations of the fungicides are required. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Banana; Chemical control; Fusarium oxysporum	chemical control; cultivar; disease severity; fungal disease; fungicide; fungus; pathogen; wilt; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548513592	Evaluation of pre-harvest Bacillus licheniformis sprays to control mango fruit diseases	Silimela M., Korsten L.	2007	Crop Protection	26	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.011	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Silimela, M., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Bacillus licheniformis was evaluated as a pre-harvest spray treatment either on its own or alternated with copper oxychloride to control mango fruit diseases. Prior to initiating the spray trials, in vitro and in vivo studies were done to determine the effect of stickers, spreaders, a biostimulant and a copper fungicide on the biocontrol agent's ability to effectively attach to and colonise the mango leaf surface. Bioboost, Nufilm-P, Biofilm and Agral 90 did not affect antagonist growth in vitro. However, copper oxychloride and Supafilm inhibited the in vitro growth of B. licheniformis, more pronouncedly after 8 h. The in vivo study showed that stickers and spreaders did not improve the ability of B. licheniformis to attach to and colonise the leaf surface. Pre-harvest B. licheniformis applications alone and alternated with copper sprays applied at 3-weekly intervals from flowering until harvest controlled moderate levels of anthracnose, bacterial black spot and soft rot. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antagonists; Anthracnose; Bacterial black spot; Biocontrol; Soft rot	antagonism; anthracnose; bacterial disease; bacterium; biocontrol agent; biofilm; biological control; biopesticide; copper compound; crop improvement; disease control; fruit; fungicide; inhibition; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904338700	Evaluation of two organosilicone adjuvants at reduced foliar spray volumes in South African citrus orchards of different canopy densities	van Zyl J.G., Sieverding E.G., Viljoen D.J., Fourie P.H.	2014	Crop Protection	64	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2014.06.024	Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa; Evonik Africa (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 3739, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Evonik Industries AG, Goldschmidtstraße 100, 45127 Essen, Germany	van Zyl, J.G., Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa, Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa; Sieverding, E.G., Evonik Industries AG, Goldschmidtstraße 100, 45127 Essen, Germany; Viljoen, D.J., Evonik Africa (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 3739, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Fourie, P.H., Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa, Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa	van Zyl, J.G., Sieverding, E.G., Viljoen, D.J., Fourie, P.H., 2014. Evaluation of two organosilicone adjuvants atreduced foliar spray volumes in South African citrus orchards of different canopy densities Crop Protection 00:0000-0000.Citrus producers in South Africa generally use high spray volumes (6000 to 16,000lha-1) to control pests and diseases adequately for the fresh fruit market. In order to study the benefit of organosilicone adjuvants at reduced spray volumes, trials were conducted with two organo tri-siloxane adjuvants. Two separate spray trials were conducted in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa in uniform navel orange orchards. Break-Thru S240 (super-spreader) and Break-Thru Union (spreader-sticker), at recommended dosages per hectare (300mlha-1, respectively), were sprayed separately in combination with a yellow fluorescent pigment (1mll-1) at a high (20l tree-1≈9600 to 12,100lha-1, depending on tree and inter-row spacing), medium (14l tree-1≈6500 to 8500lha-1) and low (8l tree-1≈3700 to 4800lha-1) spray application volumes. Sprays consisting of the fluorescent pigment in water alone were used as control treatments. Trees were sprayed from both sides with a commercial multi-fan tower sprayer (BSF-Multiwing) at a constant tractor speed (2.4kmh-1) and spray pressure (1500kPa). The different spray volumes were achieved by using different spray nozzles (TeeJet Disc-Core type; full and hollow cone nozzles D3-DC56/46, D4-DC56/46, D5-DC56/46). Leaves were sampled from six canopy positions (inner and outer canopy position at bottom, middle and top of the tree). Deposition quantity and quality of fluorescent pigment were determined on upper and lower leaf surfaces using fluorometry, digital photomacrography and image analyses. Spray uniformity and efficiency were also compared among treatments. Deposition quantity generally increased with increasing spray volume, but normalised values showed better spray efficiency at lower volumes. In pruned and less dense canopies, a beneficial effect of adjuvants was observed in terms of deposition quantity, efficiency and uniformity, especially at reduced volume applications (14l tree-1) on the inside and outside of the canopy. Little improvement in deposition quality was generally observed with the use of adjuvants. These benefits were not as evident in very dense canopies, illustrating the importance of canopy management when spraying at reduced volumes. Data obtained from the study is valuable for future improvement in spray application methodology in South Africa and other developing countries. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Canopy management; Deposition quality; Deposition quantity; Deposition uniformity; Digital image analysis; Fluorometry	biological control; canopy; digital image; evergreen tree; fluorescence; fluorometry; pest control; pigment; silicon; spray; volume; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892855550	The impact of tillage system and herbicides on weed density, diversity and yield of cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) under the smallholder sector	Mavunganidze Z., Madakadze I.C., Nyamangara J., Mafongoya P.	2014	Crop Protection	58	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2013.12.024	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Matopos Research Station P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mavunganidze, Z., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Madakadze, I.C., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Nyamangara, J., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Matopos Research Station P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Mafongoya, P., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The study was carried out to evaluate the impact of tillage system in combination with different herbicides on weed density, diversity, crop growth and yields on 18 farms in Kadoma, Zimbabwe. Experiments were set up as a split plot design with three replications on each farm. Tillage was the main plot (Conservation Tillage (CT), Conventional Tillage (CONV)) and weeding option (hand weeding, cyanazine, atrazine, glyphosate only and mixture of cyanazine+alachlor and atrazine+alachlor) as the sub-plots. Due to the heterogeneous nature of farmers' resource base, the farms were grouped into three farm types: high (Type 1), medium (Type 2) and poorly resourced farmers (Type 3). The hand hoe weeded treatments had 49 percent higher total weed densities in CT relative to CONV, and was statistically similar to the glyphosate treatment. The mixed pre-emergence herbicides reduced the diversity indices by 69 and 70 percent when compared to the hand hoe weeded treatment under CT in cotton and maize, respectively. The effectiveness of all pre-emergence herbicides were not influenced by tillage but were affected by farmers resource endowments with pronounced effect in Farm Type 1. Maximum plant heights of 85and 238cm were recorded for mixed pre-emergence herbicides under CT for cotton and maize, respectively. Minimum plant heights of 75and 217cm were recorded for the respective hand hoe weeded treatments. The hand hoe weeded treatments resulted in average cotton lint yield of 1497and 2018kgha-1 for maize. The mixed pre-emergence herbicides treatments gave yields of 2138 and 2356kgha-1 of cotton and maize, respectively. The higher weed densities in CT under hand weeded treatments underscored the need for other weeding options. Similarly, a mixture of cyanazine+alachlor in cotton and atrazine+alachlor in maize is recommended for suppressing broad and grass weed populations and enhancing yields in CT systems. © 2014.	Atrazine; Conservation Tillage; Cotton; Cyanazine; Maize; Weeding system	conservation tillage; cotton; emergence; glyphosate; maize; smallholder; species diversity; statistical analysis; weed control; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36549055033	Evaluation of soybean cultivars for resistance to sclerotinia stalk rot in South Africa	McLaren N.W., Craven M.	2008	Crop Protection	27	2	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.05.010	Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Plant Health Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	McLaren, N.W., Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Plant Health Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Craven, M., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Soybean cultivars were evaluated for resistance to sclerotinia stem rot from 2003/04 to 2005/06 in inoculated, sequentially planted field experiments. Ranking of cultivars according to disease incidence was not correlated over planting dates, seasons or localities, but differential responses of cultivars to the pathogen under different environmental conditions were evident. Nonlinear regression analysis quantified cultivar responses to the pathogen under changing environmental conditions. Regression parameters placed cultivars into three categories, i.e., those linearly related to disease potential, those highly susceptible even at low disease potentials and those with various degrees of resistance despite increasing disease potentials. Regression parameters were used to calculate the disease potential required to initiate disease and the subsequent rate of change in susceptibility with increasing disease potential. Area under the disease potential curve was used to quantify cultivar response to changing environments, but it could not differentiate between the time of disease onset and the rate of disease response to changing environment. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cultivar evaluation; Resistance; Sclerotinia; Soybean	cultivar; disease incidence; disease resistance; environmental conditions; experimental study; fungal disease; pathogenicity; regression analysis; soybean; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Glycine max; Sclerotinia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950917461	The effect of the incidence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) on the performance and yield of cassava cultivars	Obilo O.P., Ikotun B., Ihejirika G.O., Ibeawuchi I.I., Oben T.T.	2010	Crop Protection	29	5	10.1016/j.cropro.2009.11.009	Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Dept. Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agric. and Forestry, University	Obilo, O.P., Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ikotun, B., Dept. Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agric. and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ihejirika, G.O., Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, I.I., Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Oben, T.T., Research Department, PAMOL Plantations Plc, Lobe Estate, South Western Region, Cameroon	The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the incidence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) on the performance and yield of cassava cultivars planted in Owerri, Imo state. Eighteen cultivars were planted in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times over a period of 3 years. Cultivars TMS 30211, TMS 30001, 98/0510 and TMS 4(2)1425 were regarded as resistant due to the possession of more than three desirable characteristics such as the least size of cankers and absence of cankers in the first and second trials (2003/04 and 2004/05) respectively, lowest severity score and highest weight of healthy fresh tuber and stems. They are recommended for use as parent materials for breeding for resistance to CAD. Cultivar Akwakwuru had the largest size of cankers on whole plant, highest fresh weight of infected tubers and stems which led to low yield and less planting materials. It is regarded as susceptible and may lead to spread of CAD. The correlation of weight of infected fresh tubers on size of canker on whole plant, young stem and maturing stem were positively and highly significantly correlated (r = 0.645, r = 0.470, r = 0.583 and r = 0.622, respectively). Crown Copyright © 2009.	Cultivars; Resistant; Severity; Susceptible	cassava; correlation; cultivar; disease incidence; disease resistance; disease severity; microbial activity; yield response; Imo; Nigeria; Owerri; Manihot esculenta; Tuber (truffle)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41249087968	Economic performance of the 'push-pull' technology for stemborer and Striga control in smallholder farming systems in western Kenya	Khan Z.R., Midega C.A.O., Njuguna E.M., Amudavi D.M., Wanyama J.M., Pickett J.A.	2008	Crop Protection	27	7	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.01.005	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 25093, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya; Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale 30200, Kenya; Biological Chemistry Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom	Khan, Z.R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Midega, C.A.O., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Njuguna, E.M., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 25093, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya; Amudavi, D.M., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya; Wanyama, J.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale 30200, Kenya; Pickett, J.A., Biological Chemistry Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom	The 'push-pull' technology (PPT), developed in Africa, offers effective control of cereal stemborers and Striga weed in maize-based cropping systems. It involves intercropping maize with desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum, with Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, planted as border around this intercrop. Desmodium repels the stemborer moths (push) that are subsequently attracted to the Napier grass (pull). Desmodium also suppresses and eliminates Striga. We assessed economic performance of this technology compared to the conventional maize mono- and maize-bean intercropping systems in six districts in western Kenya over 4-7 years. Ten farmers were randomly recruited in each district and each planted three plots representing the three cropping systems. The cost-benefit analyses were carried out, together with the systems' net returns to land and labour and their discounted net present values (NPV). Maize grain yields and associated gross margins from the PPT system were significantly higher than those in the other two systems. Although the production costs were significantly higher in the PPT than in the two cropping systems in the first cropping year, these reduced to either the same level or significantly lower than in the maize-bean intercrop from the second year onwards in most of the districts. Similarly, the net returns to land and labour with the PPT were significantly higher than with the other two systems. The PPT consistently produced positive NPV when the incremental flows of its benefits compared to those of the two conventional systems were discounted at 10-30%, indicating that PPT is more profitable than the other two systems under realistic production assumptions. PPT is thus a viable option for enhancing productivity and diversification for smallholder farmers who largely depend on limited land resource. Hence, enhancing farmers' access to less costly planting materials and promoting quality education and training in the use of this knowledge-intensive technology could stimulate its successful adoption. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gross margins; Kenya; Push-pull; Stemborer; Striga	agricultural worker; comparative study; cost-benefit analysis; crop production; crop yield; dicotyledon; grass; intercropping; parasitic plant; pest control; recruitment (population dynamics); stem borer; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Desmodium; Desmodium uncinatum; Lepidoptera; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Pennisetum glaucum; Pennisetum purpureum; Striga; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644481320	Assessing the potential impact of biological control of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) in cabbage production in Kenya	Macharia I., Löhr B., De Groote H.	2005	Crop Protection	24	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.005	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, Kenya	Macharia, I., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Löhr, B., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; De Groote, H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, Kenya	This study assessed the potential economic impact of the introduction of Diadegma semiclausum, an exotic parasitoid of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM), on cabbage production in Kenya. The study first established yield losses caused by DBM through two methods: measurements from farmer-managed fields and through farmers' interviews. Crop losses were calculated at 31% from farmer-managed fields, and at 36% from farmer interviews. With a crop loss of 31%, yield loss was estimated at 6.8 tons/ha or US$ 452.9/ha, and at US$ 7.9 million per year for the whole country. Control costs as provided from the interviews, amounted to US$ 118.9/ha. The project costs amount to a net present value of US$ 1.2 million. Based on an annual cabbage production of 256,524 tons, a cabbage price of US$ 66.3/ton, a 30% abatement of yield losses, a 7.9% reduction in cost of production, a supply and a demand elasticity of 0.9 and -1.4 respectively, and an annual increase of consumption of 2.6%, the economic surplus produced by the release of the parasitoid was estimated at US$ 28.3 million for 25 years. Consumers were estimated to get 58% of the benefit and producers 42%. The benefit-cost ratio was estimated at 24:1, with an internal rate of return of 86%, indicating a high return to the investment. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biological control; Diamondback moth; Economic impact; Parasitoid	biological control; crop damage; economic impact; yield; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Diadegma semiclausum; Lepidoptera; Plutella xylostella	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849114280	Legume-maize rotation and nitrogen effects on weed performance in the humid and subhumid tropics of West Africa	Chikoye D., Ekeleme F., Lum A.F., Schulz S.	2008	Crop Protection	27	05-Mar	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.007	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; German Agro Action, 18th Street Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia	Chikoye, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ekeleme, F., Department of Crop Protection, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Lum, A.F., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Schulz, S., German Agro Action, 18th Street Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia	A long-term trial was established in 1998. The objectives among others were to assess the impact of nitrogen, natural bush fallow, and legume-maize rotations on weed growth and species composition in the forest/savanna transition zone (Ibadan) and northern Guinea savanna (Zaria) in Nigeria. At both locations, the experiment was arranged as a split-plot design. The main plots were green manure legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides [Roxb.] Benth in Ibadan and Aeschynomene histrix Poir. in Zaria), a forage legume (Stylosanthes guianensis [Aubl.] Sw.), grain legumes (cowpea [Vigna unguiculata {L.} Walp 'IT-90K-284-2' or soybean [Glycine max {L.} Merr 'TGx 1864 and TGx 1485-1 D'), natural bush fallow, and continuous cropping with maize [Zea mays L.]/cassava [Manihot esculenta Crantz] '82/00058' at Ibadan and maize at Zaria. Grain legumes were either double-cropped in one season by growing short-duration soybean with cowpea varieties sequentially, or by growing long-duration cultivars within one growing season. Nitrogen levels (0 and 30 kg N ha-1) were the subplot treatments. Weed data were collected in 2000 and 2003 after 2 years of continuous cropping or rotation with natural fallow or legumes. Weed density was significantly higher at Zaria (177 plants m-2) than at Ibadan (149 plants m-2). Weed dry matter was higher at Ibadan than at Zaria. Weed density and dry matter were lower in the green manure and forage legume treatments in both years at Ibadan. At Zaria, the forage legume treatment had the lowest weed density and dry matter in 2003 only. In 2003 at Ibadan, per capita weed population growth rate (WPGR) decreased in the green manure and forage legume treatments. There was an increase in WPGR in continuous cropping, double-cropping with cowpea and soybean, and natural bush fallow treatments. At Zaria, WPGR was not affected by fallow type or nitrogen (P&gt;0.05). Redundancy analysis showed significant differences in species composition among the various treatments. Nitrogen level did not affect density, dry matter, or the composition of weeds. © 2007.	Bush fallow; Continuous cropping; Species composition; Weed density	community composition; continuous cropping; crop rotation; dry matter; experimental study; growing season; growth rate; humid environment; legume; maize; nitrogen; population density; transition zone; tropical environment; weed; Africa; Ibadan; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zaria; Aeschynomene histrix; Glycine max; Manihot esculenta; Pueraria; Pueraria phaseoloides; Stylosanthes guianensis; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644463657	Evaluation of a new formulation of atrazine and metolachlor mixture for weed control in maize in Nigeria	Chikoye D., Udensi U.E., Fontem Lum A.	2005	Crop Protection	24	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.011	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Chikoye, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Udensi, U.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fontem Lum, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 at Ibadan, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects on weed control in maize of a new formulation of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor. The treatments were the new formulation of the mixture at doses from 1.0 to 4.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and the old formulation of the mixture at the recommended dose of 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1. The new formulation of the mixture gave complete control of Panicum maximum, Commelina benghalensis, sedges (Mariscus alternifolius, Kyllinga squamulata, and Cyperus spp.), and Tridax procumbens, and good control (&gt;94%) of Passiflora foetida at 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) in 2002. At 8 WAT, the new mixture gave good control (&gt;73%) of P. maximum and C. benghalensis in 2002, and of P. foetida, sedges, and T. procumbens in both years. The hoeweeded control and all herbicide treatments at 4 WAT had lower weed dry matter than the untreated control in both years, and at crop harvest in 2002. In both years, the lowest weed dry matter was obtained from the hoeweeded control at crop harvest. In 2003, the old formulation of the mixture at the recommended dose had similar weed dry matter with the new formulation at all doses. The treatments did not significantly affect maize grain yield in 2002. However, in 2003, the new formulation of the mixture at a dose of 4.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and the hoeweeded control had 33% higher maize grain yield than the untreated control. The new formulation of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor is effective for weed control in maize at lower doses than the recommended dose of the old formulation. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Grasses; Sedges; Weed competition	atrazine; maize; pesticide application; weed control; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Commelina; Commelina benghalensis; Cyperaceae; Cyperus; Kyllinga squamulata; Mariscus; Panicum maximum; Passiflora edulis; Passiflora foetida; Poaceae; Tridax procumbens; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873245871	Yield and agronomic performance of maize hybrids resistant to the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Tefera T., Demissie G., Mugo S., Beyene Y.	2013	Crop Protection	46	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2012.12.010	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Project, Po Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia	Tefera, T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Demissie, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Project, Po Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia; Mugo, S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Beyene, Y., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya	This study evaluated improved maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with varying level of resistance to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, for yield and agronomic traits for two seasons. A total of 22 improved maize hybrids and three commercial standards were tested. Out of the 22 tested, two hybrids CKPH08035 (7.4-9.9 t ha-1) and CKPH08039 (7.3-9.8 t ha-1) significantly out yielded the commercial standards WH505 (8.8 t ha-1) and BH140 (5.5 t ha-1). In addition to yield, the improved hybrids also possess desirable traits including good plant height, good plant and ear aspects and good husk cover. The hybrid CKPH08004 had the lowest Dobie index of susceptibility and was regarded as resistant to S. zeamais. Weevils fed with the resistant hybrids produced low numbers of F1 generation weevils, had a high median developmental time and a low percentage of grain damage and grain weight loss. An increasing number of F1 generation resulted in an increasing grain damage and grain weight loss. We found an inverse relationship between the susceptibility index and percent mortality. However, the numbers of F1 generation, percent grain damage and grain weight loss were positively correlated with the susceptibility index. The use of resistant maize hybrids should be promoted in managing S. zeamais in stored maize under subsistence farming conditions in Africa. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Grain yield; Host resistance; Maize; Postharvest loss; Sitophilus zeamais	agronomy; beetle; crop damage; crop yield; hybrid; index method; mortality; performance assessment; pest resistance; pest species; plant-herbivore interaction; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays	None
None	None	Evaluation of Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) for the field control of African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) in Tanzania	Grzywacz D., Mushobozi W.L., Parnell M., Jolliffe F., Wilson K.	2008	Crop Protection	27	1	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.04.005	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Pest Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Arusha, Tanzania; Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Grzywacz, D., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Mushobozi, W.L., Pest Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Arusha, Tanzania; Parnell, M., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Jolliffe, F., Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; Wilson, K., Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	The African armyworm Spodoptera exempta is a major episodic migratory crop pest over much of Eastern and Southern Africa. Control of this pest has been reliant on the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. However, this approach fails to protect poor farmers and is becoming unacceptable for environmental and cost reasons. A programme of field trials was conducted in Tanzania to evaluate the endemic baculovirus, the S. exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV), as an alternative control. Field trials demonstrated that both ground and aerial application of SpexNPV to armyworm outbreaks on pasture can initiate outbreaks of NPV disease and population collapses. The SpexNPV was effective when applied at 1×1012 occlusion bodies (OB) per hectare if applied to outbreaks early, when larvae are in I-III instar-mass mortalities appear 3-10 days post treatment. The data from these trials indicate that SpexNPV can have a potential role as a substitute for chemical insecticides in strategic armyworm management programmes. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; African armyworm; Baculovirus; Biological control; IPM; Migratory pest; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exempta	biological control; crop pest; insecticide; mortality; moth; pest control; pest outbreak; viral disease; Africa; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exempta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959794227	Evaluations of shallot genotypes for resistance against fusarium basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) disease	Sintayehu A., Fininsa C., Ahmed S., Sakhuja P.K.	2011	Crop Protection	30	9	10.1016/j.cropro.2011.04.011	School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; International Centre of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic	Sintayehu, A., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Fininsa, C., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ahmed, S., International Centre of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic; Sakhuja, P.K., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Fusarium basal rot (FBR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) is one of the most significant production constraint to shallot. Field experiment was conducted in a naturally Foc infested soil at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons to evaluate the level of resistance of sixteen shallot genotypes against FBR disease. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The genotypes significantly varied in their susceptibility to FBR and yield. They were grouped into tolerant, moderately and highly susceptible types. Five genotypes (DZ-Sht-168-1A, DZ-Sht-157-1B, Huruta, Negelle and DZ-Sht-169-1b) were identified to be tolerant as they had reduced disease severity levels from 26.8 to 32.5% and increased mean yield by more than 5 t ha-1 compared to highly susceptible genotypes (DZ-Sht-076-4, DZ-Sht-201-1C and DZ-Sht-054-3A). Among the tolerant genotypes, DZ-Sht-169-1b had greatly reduced bulb rot incidence by 48% in ground storage and 30% in wire mesh shelf as compared to highly susceptible genotype DZ-Sht-201-1C. The tolerant genotypes have high yielding characteristic, and farmers could adopt them for cultivation where FBR is a problem. © 2011.	Allium cepa var. ascalonicum; Bulb rot; Bulb storage; Disease tolerance	crop production; crop yield; cultivar; cultivation; disease resistance; disease severity; experimental design; field method; fungal disease; genotype; monocotyledon; tolerance; yield response; Debre Zeit; Ethiopia; Allium ascalonicum; Allium cepa; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium sp.	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250632045	Impact of harvesting practices on nematode communities and yield of sugarcane	Berry S., Spaull V.W., Cadet P.	2007	Crop Protection	26	8	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.022	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	Berry, S., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Spaull, V.W., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Cadet, P., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa, IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	On the sandy soils in South Africa damage by plant parasitic nematodes to sugarcane occurs equally in both the plant and ratoon crops. In Australia and Burkina Faso, ratoon crops are less susceptible than plant crops. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether differences in stubble or stool size, resulting from the different harvesting practices in Australia, Burkina Faso and South Africa, affected yield loss in ratoon crops under South African conditions. The Australian hilling up method (producing a larger below-ground stool) had little effect on nematode abundance and population structure but did exhibit reduced yield loss from nematodes in ratoon crops. A large above-ground stubble (similar to that produced by the Burkina Faso harvest method), on its own, was not associated with reduced yield loss. However when a pretrashing treatment was performed just before harvest, then a significant reduction in yield loss occurred in the following crop. Harvest procedures that produced an above-ground stubble were associated with a significantly altered nematode community structure, with increased relative proportions of Helicotylenchus dihystera and decreased proportions of Xiphinema elongatum. Such nematode communities are known to be less pathogenic to sugarcane. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Harvesting practice; Hilling up; Nematodes; Stool; Stubble; Sugarcane	abundance; community structure; crop yield; harvesting; nematode; parasite; population structure; stubble; sugar cane; Africa; Australasia; Australia; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Helicotylenchus dishystera; Nematoda; Xiphinema elongatum	None
WoS	WOS:000263853100004	Evaluation of farmers' field days as a dissemination tool for push-pull technology in Western Kenya	Amudavi, David M.,Hassanali, Ahmed,Khan, Zeyaur R.,Midega, Charles A.,Pickett, John A.,Pittchar, Jimmy,Wanyama, Japhether M.	2009	CROP PROTECTION	28	3	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.10.008	Egerton University, Rothamsted Research, ICIPE	"Pickett, John A.: Rothamsted Research",	Our earlier study on farmers' adoption of 'Push-pull' technology (PPT) for management of cereal stem-borers and Striga weed showed that field days (FDs) could be effective in technology dissemination. Hence, in an effort to utilize effective and economical dissemination strategies, we undertook a detailed study in 2007 to assess their effectiveness in PPT dissemination by interviewing 1492 participants randomly selected during participation in FDs. A majority (80%) of the respondents learnt about the biology and damage caused by stemborers and Striga, how PPT works, how to implement PPT and utilize its products, among others. Consequently, over 70% of them favoured its adoption. Participation in FDs was significantly influenced by farmer's district of residence, formal education level, disposition to seek agricultural knowledge, and intensity of Striga infestation and low soil fertility. Knowledge and skills about PPT learnt by respondents, FD facilitators' knowledge and skills, logistical organization and overall FDs effectiveness significantly correlated with the odds of enhancing farmers' ability to plant and manage maize using PPT. With improved organization, FDs can overcome information and learning-related constraints to stem-borer and Striga weed control, thereby increasing cereal production. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"field days",KENYA,"'Push-pull' technology",stemborers,STRIGA,ADOPTION,INFORMATION,"INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT",MAIZE,"PENNISETUM-PURPUREUM VARIETIES","SMALLHOLDER FARMING SYSTEMS",STEMBORERS,STRATEGIES,"STRIGA CONTROL","TRAP PLANTS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873552609	Evaluation of sorghum genotypes compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum under Striga infestation	Rebeka G., Shimelis H., Laing M.D., Tongoona P., Mandefro N.	2013	Crop Science	53	2	10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0101	African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Debrebirhan Agricultural Research Centre, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 112, Debrebirhan, Ethiopia; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 62158, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Rebeka, G., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Debrebirhan Agricultural Research Centre, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 112, Debrebirhan, Ethiopia; Shimelis, H., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Laing, M.D., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Tongoona, P., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mandefro, N., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 62158, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Combined use of host resistance and Fusarium oxysporum as a biocontrol agent may provide enhanced management of Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The objective of this study was to identify sorghum genotypes compatible with F. oxysporum and to determine the potential of this biocontrol agent for controlling Striga. Fifty sorghum genotypes were evaluated in the greenhouse in Striga-infested soils with and without inoculation by F. oxysporum. A supplementary laboratory study was conducted to investigate the growth and proliferation of F. oxysporum in the soil and sorghum roots. Data were recorded on crop growth parameters, Striga incidence and colonization, and the persistence of F. oxysporum in the soil and on plant roots, using samples taken at 45 and 60 d after planting. Inoculation with F. oxysporum significantly shortened days to maturity compared to noninoculated plants. plant height, biomass, panicle length, and seed yield per plant were higher in F. oxysporum treated pots. Striga emergence was delayed and vigor and overall incidence of the parasite was significantly reduced in Fusarium-treated pots. The number of Fusarium colony forming units obtained from soil and plant samples were significantly different between genotypes. Three principal components (pCs) contributed to 67.31% of the total variation among the genotypes. principal component 1, pC2, and pC3 contributed 27, 23, and 18%, respectively, to the total variance. Days to Striga emergence and Striga count and height correlated with pC1 while sorghum panicle length and plant height with pC2 and days to sorghum flowering and maturity with pC3. Thus, 12 promising sorghum lines were identified with farmer-preferred agronomic traits and with F. oxysporum compatibility. This result is valuable in the development of Striga control in sorghum through integration of host resistance and F. oxysporum inoculation. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Sorghum bicolor; Striga; Striga hermonthica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930884256	Multienvironment performance of new orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars in South Africa	Laurie S.M., Booyse M., Labuschagne M.T., Greyling M.M.	2015	Crop Science	55	4	10.2135/cropsci2014.09.0664	Agricultural Research Council (ARC)–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; ARC–Biometry Unit, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. Of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Laurie, S.M., Agricultural Research Council (ARC)–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Booyse, M., ARC–Biometry Unit, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. Of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Greyling, M.M., Agricultural Research Council (ARC)–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa	Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in South Africa, as in several parts of the world. One strategy to combat micronutrient deficiency is through biofortification, particularly through orange-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Previously, a shortage existed in South Africa of orange-fleshed genotypes with a combination of high dry mass, good yield, and good taste. Local cream-fleshed parents and orange-fleshed US introductions were used in the local polycross program. This study aimed at testing the agronomic performance, stability, and genetic diversity of newly developed orange-fleshed genotypes. Twelve entries, nine with orange flesh color, were evaluated at four sites for two seasons in multienvironment trials and the data was subjected to ANOVA and genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. Simple-sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of the 12 entries was done followed by hierarchical clustering. Two of the orange-fleshed cultivars were recommended for production and plant breeders’ rights were registered for these. Cultivar Impilo produced stable, high root yield similar to the commercial control cultivar Beauregard; while the elite breeding line Purple Sunset (2001_5_2) had high yield and specific adaptability. Both displayed average dry mass and acceptable taste. The genetic analysis indicated relatedness of most new genotypes with the cream-fleshed parents used in the polycross program. The improved cultivars offer considerable yield advantage above US introductions previously recommended for combating vitamin A deficiency. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949129387	Seed performance of maize in response to phosphorus application and growth temperature is related to phytate-phosphorus occurrence	Modi A.T., Asanzi N.M.	2008	Crop Science	48	1	10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0367	Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Modi, A.T., Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Asanzi, N.M., Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Phytate is associated with antinutrient character in seeds; however, it has potential to contribute significantly to seed performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of P (10, 26, and 70 mg kg-1) and growth temperature (22/16, 27/21, and 33/27°C [day/night]) on seed performance in normal and quality protein maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds of normal and quality protein maize were harvested at three stages (15, 25, and 65 days after silking) of development. At each stage, germination capacity and vigor, Phytate-P concentration, and myo-inositol were determined. Normal maize displayed a significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) phytate-P and inorganic P concentrations compared with quality protein maize, which was associated with significantly better (P &lt; 0.01) seed performance. Myo-inositol was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in quality protein maize compared with normal maize. Phosphorus nutrition enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) seed performance of both genotypes. Increasing growth temperature caused greater accumulation of inorganic P, but it decreased myo-inositol. Seed germination and vigor increased when growth temperature was increased from 22/16 to 27/21°C, but they decreased in response to high temperatures (33/27°C). The results of this study indicate that P fertilizer enhances maize seed germination and vigor. High myo-inositol concentrations may be used to indicate poor phytate synthesis associated with poor seed performance. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949167735	Performance of vernonia as an alternative industrial oil crop in Limpopo Province of South Africa	Shimelis H., Mashela P.W., Hugo A.	2008	Crop Science	48	1	10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0331	Dep. of Plant Production, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Dep. of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Univ. of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Shimelis, H., Dep. of Plant Production, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mashela, P.W., Dep. of Plant Production, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Hugo, A., Dep. of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Univ. of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis) is an industrial oil seed crop with potential as a source of natural epoxy fatty acids. Diverse accessions of V. galamensis var. ethiopica were studied at the Limpopo Province in South Africa to determine agronomic performance and to identify suitable germplasm with quantity and quality seed oil content. Thirty-six accessions were subjected to field evaluations using a partially balanced lattice design in 2005 and 2006. Significant differences were observed for days to flowering (88-143 d), plant height (131.6-167.85 cm), number of productive primary head (23-72 head plant-1), number of productive secondary head (12-35 head plant -1), thousand seed weight (1.68-3.63 g), and seed yield (1594.89-3126.09 kg ha-1) between different accessions. Results from oil analysis show significant differences in the contents of seed oil (20.36-35.86%), vernolic acid (70.15-77.92%), linoleic acid (12.05-14.73%), oleic acid (3.72-5.52%), palmitic acid (2.49-3.24%), and stearic acid (1.73-3.28%). Of the five accessions identified as potentially useful, three (Vge-17, Vge-18, and Vge-19) had better seed yield and agronomic performances and two (Vge-4 and Vge-31) increased contents of seed oil and vemolic acid. Accessions Vge-4 and Vge-18 also displayed relatively high oil yield, 966.58 and 801.28 kg ha-1, respectively. The accessions will be used in the strategic improvement of vernonia to maximize seed yield and oil content as an alternative crop in the province and similar environments. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Vernonia; Vernonia galamensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878746716	Relationship of line per se and testcross performance for grain yield of tropical maize in drought and well-watered trials	Kebede A.Z., Melchinger A.E., Cairns J.E., Luis Araus J., Makumbi D., Atlin G.N.	2013	Crop Science	53	4	10.2135/cropsci2012.08.0495	Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, Univ. of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe; Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIMMYT, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P. O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98102, United States	Kebede, A.Z., Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, Univ. of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Melchinger, A.E., Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, Univ. of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Cairns, J.E., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe; Luis Araus, J., Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Makumbi, D., CIMMYT, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri P. O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Atlin, G.N., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98102, United States	To optimize the efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) drought breeding, the ability to predict testcross performance (TP) under drought stress using line per se performance (LP) of the parental inbreds would be useful. We evaluated LP and TP of tropical inbreds in well-watered and drought environments in Kenya and Mexico. Our main objective was to determine if LP under drought stress was predictive of TP for grain yield under drought stress and if selection for LP under drought stress would result in reduced yield potential for TP under well-watered conditions. Average yield reduction under drought stress was 77% for lines and 68% for testcrosses. Average genotypic correlations between lines and testcrosses under drought stress were positive and low (genotypic correlation = 0.48), but correlations increased with increasing levels of drought stress in both LP and TP trials. Averaged over all sets, indirect selection for LP was predicted to be only 57% as effective as direct selection for TP under drought stress but was on average substantially higher in testcross sets where yield reduction due to drought was 70% or more. Therefore, LP under drought stress could be used to develop hybrids for severely drought-prone environments. Moreover, LP under drought stress was uncorrelated with TP for grain yield under well-watered conditions, showing that selection of lines per se for drought tolerance would likely not reduce yield potential of testcrosses. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77749283635	Relationship of genetic diversity of inbred lines with different reactions to Striga hermonthica (Del.) benth and the performance of their crosses	Menkir A., Adetimirin V.O., Yallou C.G., Gedil M.	2010	Crop Science	50	2	10.2135/cropsci2009.05.0247	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin, B.P. 884, Cotonou, Benin	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adetimirin, V.O., Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Yallou, C.G., Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin, B.P. 884, Cotonou, Benin; Gedil, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Striga hermonthica causes significant yield loss in maize (Zea mays L.) and other cereals. Lim-ited studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between marker-based genetic distance among maize inbred lines expressing varying levels of field resistance to S. hermonthica and the reaction patterns of the resulting crosses to S. hermonthica. Forty-five diallel crosses of 10 parental lines were evaluated with and without S. hermonthica infestation at two locations each in Benin Republic and Nigeria for 3 yr. Canonical discriminant analysis using nine traits separated the crosses into three distinct groups in each country depending on doses of resistance obtained from their parental lines. Hybrids formed from two resistant parents had the highest levels of resistance, while those formed from two susceptible parents exhibited the lowest levels of resistance to S. hermonthica. Crosses that involved one resistant line as a parent showed intermediate levels of field resistance to S. hermonthica. Assessment of genetic divergence among the 10 parental lines using 18 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations generated a total of 1176 polymorphic AFLP fragments. The genetic distance (GD) estimates among all pairs of parental lines varied from 0.44 to 0.93, with an average of 0.63 ±0.023. The correlation between the AFLP-based GD estimates of parental lines and the means observed in diallel crosses under S. hermonthica infestation were not significant for grain yield and other traits. Some hybrids formed from inbred lines with GD estimates both below and above 0.50 exhibited good performance under S. hermonthica infestation. The observed broad range of genetic divergence detected with AFLP markers indicates the presence of a significant reservoir of diversity among resistant lines that can be exploited in breeding. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949120505	Performance of early maize cultivars derived from recurrent selection for grain yield and Striga resistance	Badu-Apraku B., Fontem Lum A., Fakorede M.A.B., Menkir A., Chabi Y., The C., Abdulai M., Jacob S., Agbaje S.	2008	Crop Science	48	1	10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0060	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-lfe, Nigeria; INRAB/CRAN-INA, Benin; IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon; SARI, Tamale, Ghana; INERA, Bobo-Dioulosso, Burkina Faso	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Fontem Lum, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Fakorede, M.A.B., Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-lfe, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Chabi, Y., INRAB/CRAN-INA, Benin; The, C., IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon; Abdulai, M., SARI, Tamale, Ghana; Jacob, S., INERA, Bobo-Dioulosso, Burkina Faso; Agbaje, S., Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-lfe, Nigeria	Maize (Zea mays L.) production in west and central Africa (WCA) is constrained by the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth and recurrent drought. Two early maize populations, TZE-W Pop DT STR C0 (white) and TZE-Y Pop DT STR C0 (yellow), developed from diverse genetic backgrounds, were subjected to three cycles of S1 recurrent selection under artificial Striga infestation. Inbreds and synthetic cultivars were developed from the different cycles of selection. The populations (C 0), derived cultivars, and check cultivars were evaluated in 2002 and 2003 under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments in WCA. The objective was to assess the performance of the derived cultivars from the different cycles of selection. Under Striga infestation, ACR 94 TZE Comp5-Y and ACR 94 TZE Comp5-W, which were not from the selection program, were the highest-yielding group (2158 and 2124 kg ha-1, respectively). The second group comprised six products of the selection program, with grain yield ranging from 1806 to 1954 kg ha-1. The third group, with grain yield of 1498 to 1759 kg ha-1 contained mostly Striga-susceptible cultivars and the C0 of the selection program. Under Striga-free conditions, the performance of several cultivars from the selection program was equal to or better than ACR 94 TZE Comp5-Y and ACR 94 TZE Comp5-W. The genotype plus genotype x environment interaction biplot analysis demonstrated that EV DT-Y 2000 STR C1 and TZE-W Pop DT STR C3 from the selection program, along with ACR 94 TZE Comp5-W, had stable grain yield under Striga-infested and noninfested conditions. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878764362	Comparative performance of early-maturing maize cultivars developed in three eras under drought stress and well-watered environments in West Africa	Badu-Apraku B., Oyekunle M., Menkir A., Obeng-Antwi K., Yallou C.G., Usman I.S., Alidu H.	2013	Crop Science	53	4	10.2135/cropsci2012.11.0640	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; CRI-CSIR, Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; IAR, Amadu Bello Univ., Samaru, Nigeria; SARI-CSIR, Box 52, Tamale, Ghana	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obeng-Antwi, K., CRI-CSIR, Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Yallou, C.G., INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; Usman, I.S., IAR, Amadu Bello Univ., Samaru, Nigeria; Alidu, H., SARI-CSIR, Box 52, Tamale, Ghana	Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple crop in West Africa and has the potential to mitigate the food insecurity in the subregion. However, maize grain yield is severely constrained by drought. A study was conducted at 13 locations in West Africa for 2 yr to determine genetic gains in yield of cultivars developed during three eras, 1988 to 2000 (first-generation cultivars), 2001 to 2006 (second-generation cultivars), and 2007 to 2010 (third-generation cultivars) under drought and optimal conditions. Under drought, yield ranged from 1346 kg ha-1 for first-generation cultivars to 1613 kg ha-1 for third-generation cultivars with a genetic gain of 1.1% yr-1. Under optimal conditions, yield gain ranged from 3363 kg ha-1 for first-generation cultivars to 3956 kg ha-1 for third-generation cultivars with genetic gain of 1.3%. The average rate of increase in yield was 14 and 40 kg ha-1 yr-1 under drought and optimum conditions. Genetic gains in yield from first- to third-generation cultivars under drought was associated with improved plant aspect and husk cover, whereas under optimum conditions it was associated with plant and ear aspects, increased ears per plant, plant and ear heights, and improved husk cover. Cultivars TZE-W DT C2 STR, DTE-W STR Syn C1, DT-W STR Synthetic, 2009 DTE-W STR Syn, and EV DT-W 2008 STR were high yielding and stable across drought environments. Substantial progress has been made in breeding for drought tolerance during the last three decades. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959599133	Effect of genetic divergence of Striga hermonthica (Delile) benth.-resistant maize inbred lines on heterosis and hybrid performance under parasite pressure	Menkir A.	2011	Crop Science	51	4	10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0730	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; IITA Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria, IITA Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom	Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. is a parasitic weed damaging maize and other cereals in Africa. Although S. hermonthica-resistant inbred lines were developed from diverse sources, the effect of their diversity on heterosis under parasite pressure has not been investigated. Sixty-four hybrids were produced from 16 resistant and four susceptible inbreds using a factorial mating in sets crossing scheme. The hybrids and their parents were evaluated in separate trials with and without S. hermonthica infestation at four environments in Nigeria. Genotypic differences among both inbreds and hybrids were significant for all measured traits under infestation. The hybrids displayed a broad range of midparent heterosis (MPH) for most traits measured under S. hermonthica-infested and noninfested conditions. Mean grain yield and agronomic performance of resistant × resistant cross hybrids were superior to that of susceptible × resistant cross hybrids in the presence of S. hermonthica but not in the absence of the parasite. Correlations between midparent values and hybrid means were large and positive for grain yield but were small for plant height and days to silking. Marker-based genetic distances of parental lines were not correlated with MPH of all traits recorded under S. hermonthica infestation. Selection for inbreds with greater levels of resistance to S. hermonthica appears to be more effective for developing resistant hybrids than selection of parental pairs based on genetic distance alone. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908165064	Pearl millet inbred and testcross performance under low phosphorus in West Africa	Gemenet D.C., Tom C.T., Sy O., Zangre R.G., Sanogo M.D., Leiser W.L., Parzies H.K., Haussmann B.I.G.	2014	Crop Science	54	6	10.2135/cropsci2014.04.0277	Univ. Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kakamega, P.O. Box 162-50100, Kakamega, Kenya; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger; Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Bambey, Senegal; Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Cinzana, Mali; University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany	Gemenet, D.C., Univ. Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kakamega, P.O. Box 162-50100, Kakamega, Kenya; Tom, C.T., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger; Sy, O., Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Bambey, Senegal; Zangre, R.G., Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Sanogo, M.D., Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Cinzana, Mali; Leiser, W.L., University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Parzies, H.K., University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Haussmann, B.I.G., University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany	Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] is a food security crop for millions living in drylands of Africa and Asia. Its production on acid sandy soils of the Sahel is limited by erratic rainfall and poor soil fertility, especially low P soils. We sought to elucidate the genetic variation in West and Central African landrace-derived inbred lines for grain yield under low P conditions, to determine their performance as inbred lines per se and in hybrid combinations, and to determine quantitative-genetic parameters to derive an appropriate breeding strategy to enhance grain yield under low P conditions. We evaluated a total of 155 landrace-derived inbred lines as well as their testcrosses in four locations during two years under two treatments, high P (HP; with P fertilization) and low P (LP; without P fertilization). Results revealed significant effects for genotypes, P-level, genotype × P-level, as well as genotype × environment interactions. Grain yield reductions under LP treatment ranged from 7.9 to 35.5%, and 11.2 to 60.9% for inbred lines and testcrosses respectively, with positive midparent heterosis averaging 43.5% under LP. We conclude that direct selection of testcrosses under LP is more effective and that indirect selection for testross performance from inbred line performance is not desirable. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942436002	The thermal design, characterization, and performance of the Spider long-duration balloon cryostat	Gudmundsson J.E., Ade P.A.R., Amiri M., Benton S.J., Bock J.J., Bond J.R., Bryan S.A., Chiang H.C., Contaldi C.R., Crill B.P., Dore O., Filippini J.P., Fraisse A.A., Gambrel A., Gandilo N.N., Hasselfield M., Halpern M., Hilton G., Holmes W., Hristov V.V.,	2015	Cryogenics	72	None	10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.09.002	Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, United States; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research CIFAR Program in Cosmology and Gravity, Toronto, ON, Canada	Gudmundsson, J.E., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Ade, P.A.R., School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Amiri, M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Benton, S.J., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Bock, J.J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Bond, J.R., Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Bryan, S.A., Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Chiang, H.C., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Contaldi, C.R., Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Crill, B.P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Dore, O., Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, United States; Filippini, J.P., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Fraisse, A.A., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Gambrel, A., Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Gandilo, N.N., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Hasselfield, M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Halpern, M., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Hilton, G., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Holmes, W., Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hristov, V.V., Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Irwin, K.D., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Jones, W.C., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Kermish, Z., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; MacTavish, C.J., Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Mason, P.V., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Megerian, K., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Moncelsi, L., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Montroy, T.E., Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Morford, T.A., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Nagy, J.M., Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Netterfield, C.B., Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research CIFAR Program in Cosmology and Gravity, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rahlin, A.S., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Reintsema, C.D., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Ruhl, J.E., Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Runyan, M.C., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Shariff, J.A., Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Soler, J.D., Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France; Trangsrud, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Tucker, C., School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Tucker, R.S., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Turner, A.D., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Wiebe, D.V., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Young, E., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States	We describe the Spider flight cryostat, which is designed to cool six millimeter-wavelength telescopes during an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight. The cryostat, one of the largest to have flown on a stratospheric payload, uses liquid 4He to deliver cooling power to stages at 4.2 and 1.6 K. Stainless steel capillaries facilitate a high flow impedance connection between the main liquid helium tank and a smaller superfluid tank, allowing the latter to operate at 1.6 K as long as there is liquid in the 4.2 K main tank. Each telescope houses a closed cycle 3He adsorption refrigerator that further cools the focal planes down to 300 mK. Liquid helium vapor from the main tank is routed through heat exchangers that cool radiation shields, providing negative thermal feedback. The system performed successfully during a 17 day flight in the 2014-2015 Antarctic summer. The cryostat had a total hold time of 16.8 days, with 15.9 days occurring during flight. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cosmic microwave background; Cryostat; Instrumentation; Stratospheric payload	Balloons; Cosmology; Cryostats; Heating; Helium; Liquefied gases; Liquids; Meteorological balloons; Sounding rockets; Stainless steel; Tanks (containers); Telescopes; Adsorption refrigerator; Cosmic microwave backgrounds; Instrumentation; Long duration balloons; Millimeter wavelength; Stratospheric payload; Thermal designs; Thermal feedback; Superfluid helium	None
WoS	WOS:000232495400004	Methodological issues in measuring the impact of interventions against female genital cutting	ASKEW, I	2005	CULTURE HEALTH &amp; SEXUALITY	7	5	10.1080/13691050410001701939	None	None	With increasing efforts being made to introduce systematic interventions for encouraging abandonment of female genital cutting (FGC) comes the need to better understand how such interventions work and what effects they have. Many interventions are based on theoretical models of behaviour change and so studies to evaluate them should develop indicators appropriate to the type of behaviour change anticipated. Systematic evaluations need also to use some form of quasiexperimental design to be able to attribute change to the intervention and not to any 'natural' change in FGC behaviour or other activities that may be concurrent. A sustained change in the prevalence of FGC is the ultimate indicator and there are several ways this can be measured, although with many limitations given the intimate nature of the practice. Moreover, appropriate sample sizes must be calculated and used to be able to draw valid conclusions. Many of those implementing FGC interventions are not familiar with such basic research principles and so there is an urgent need to ensure that projects are well designed so that valid conclusions concerning their effectiveness can be drawn.	,CIRCUMCISION,CONSEQUENCES,DECLINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745535966	Barriers to and facilitators for female participation in an HIV prevention project in Rural Ethiopia: Findings from a qualitative evaluation	Cummings B., Mengistu M., Negash W., Bekele A., Ghile T.	2006	Culture, Health and Sexuality	8	3	10.1080/13691050600765103	Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Cummings, B., Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Mengistu, M., CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Negash, W., CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekele, A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghile, T., CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethiopian women face complex social and cultural factors that influence their probability of HIV infection. HIV prevention efforts among this population are particularly important; however, female participation in a rural, HIV prevention project has been minimal. This programme evaluation investigated barriers and facilitators influencing women's ability to participate in project activities. Evaluation data were collected through nine focus groups and 20 semi-structured interviews, which were conducted between October and November 2003. The main themes found to negatively influence women's decisions to participate in this HIV prevention activity included: domestic workloads, lack of education and awareness, and cultural norms that have discouraged discussions about HIV and sexuality. Domestic chores, which are labour intensive and limit time and energy, were found to be the primary barrier to participation among women. Respondents also indicated that female illiteracy and limited educational attainment occur within a social context that traditionally supports education for men but discourages formal knowledge among women, including HIV prevention. Lack of education and inability to freely discuss sexuality denies women access to health information, potentially exposing women to adverse consequences such as HIV infection. Identified facilitators of participation included a radio serial drama and the one female peer educator associated with the project. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	Gender; HIV prevention; Intervention; Participation; Women	adolescent; adult; article; awareness; controlled study; cultural anthropology; data analysis; Ethiopia; female; health care access; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interpersonal communication; major clinical study; male; medical information; motivation; patient attitude; patient decision making; preventive health service; priority journal; qualitative analysis; school child; semi structured interview; sexuality; social behavior; social belief; social status; social support; workload; Adolescent; Adult; Cultural Characteristics; Ethiopia; Female; Focus Groups; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Narration; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Women's Health; Women's Rights	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61849157507	South African teachers' reflections on the impact of culture on their teaching of sexuality and HIV/AIDS	Helleve A., Flisher A., Onya H., Mukoma W., Klepp K.-I.	2009	Culture, Health and Sexuality	11	2	10.1080/13691050802562613	GLOBINF Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Research Centre of Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Health Promotion Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa; Children's Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Helleve, A., GLOBINF Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Flisher, A., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Research Centre of Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Onya, H., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Health Promotion Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa; Mukoma, W., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Children's Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Klepp, K.-I., GLOBINF Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	This paper aims to explore South African Life Orientation teachers' perception and practice of teaching HIV/AIDS and sexuality in a cultural perspective. We aim to investigate how teachers respond to perceived cultural differences between the local community and the content of their teaching. Data were collected through interviews with teachers who taught students in grades 8 or 9 in public high schools. The teachers expressed differing viewpoints regarding the rationale for teaching about HIV/AIDS and sexuality. Many teachers saw teaching these topics as a response to declining moral standards, while others suggested that they were teaching issues that parents failed to address. The teachers were more concerned about young people's sexual behaviour than about preventing HIV/AIDS. They perceived that cultural contradictions between what was taught and local cultural values were an issue to which they needed to respond, although they differed in terms of how to respond. Some took an adaptive approach to try to avoid conflicts, while others claimed the moral neutrality of their teaching. Teaching about sexuality was perceived to be challenging in terms of language and communication norms. Teaching about HIV/AIDS was perceived as challenging because teachers often needed to convince students about the reality of AIDS.	HIV/AIDS; Prevention; Sex education; South Africa; Teachers	Adult; Cultural Characteristics; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Safe Sex; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914684305	Reconstructing masculinity? A qualitative evaluation of the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures interventions in urban informal settlements in South Africa	Gibbs A., Jewkes R., Sikweyiya Y., Willan S.	2015	Culture, Health and Sexuality	17	2	10.1080/13691058.2014.966150	Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Gibbs, A., Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Jewkes, R., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Sikweyiya, Y., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Willan, S., Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Evidence shows the importance of working with men to reduce intimate partner violence and HIV-risk. Two claims dominate this work. The first is that interventions ‘reconstruct’ masculinities – these new formations of masculinity exist in opposition to existing ones and are healthier for men and less harmful for women. The second is that to be successful, such interventions need to address men's exclusion from the economy. Using a qualitative longitudinal cohort study of young men who participated in a gender transformative and livelihood strengthening intervention, as well as dyadic interviews with men's main female partners, we explore these claims. Data suggests men saw some improvements in livelihoods and relationships. However, challenging social contexts, including high rates of unemployment, peer networks and a dominant youth masculinity, limited change. Rather than reconstructing masculinity, a more subtle shift was seen with men moving away from ‘harmful’ aspects of a dominant youth masculinity towards a form of masculinity whereby male power is buttressed by economic provision and attempting to form and support ‘households’. Working with men on their livelihoods at an instrumental level encouraged participation in the intervention. Beyond encouragement, men's improving livelihoods afforded men the opportunity to materially demonstrate the social changes – in the form of shifts in masculinity – they were seeking to enact. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	economic; gender; HIV; IPV; livelihoods; men; structural; violence	adult; cohort analysis; female; HIV Infections; human; longitudinal study; male; masculinity; partner violence; poverty; prevention and control; qualitative research; sexuality; social environment; South Africa; urban population; young adult; Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Masculinity; Poverty; Qualitative Research; Sexual Partners; Social Environment; South Africa; Urban Population; Young Adult	MRC, Medical Research Council; Sida, Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-61349106603	Medical circumcision and manhood initiation rituals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A post intervention evaluation	Peltzer K., Kanta X.	2009	Culture, Health and Sexuality	11	1	10.1080/13691050802389777	Human Sciences Research Council, University of the Free State, Bloemfontien, South Africa; Impilo ya Bantu Health, Lusikisiki, South Africa	Peltzer, K., Human Sciences Research Council, University of the Free State, Bloemfontien, South Africa; Kanta, X., Impilo ya Bantu Health, Lusikisiki, South Africa	The objectives of this study were first, to report the adverse events reported following male circumcision performed by medical professionals after a one-day training workshop; second, to report on the attitudes towards, beliefs surrounding and experiences regarding circumcision and initiation; and third, to assess the HIV-risk behaviour of young men attending initiation schools post medical circumcision. Initiates who had been medically circumcised by trained healthcare providers were examined and interviewed on the seventh day after circumcision and, in addition, focus-group discussions were conducted with initiates. Results indicate that of the 78 initiates physically examined on the seventh day after circumcision by a trained clinical nurse, seven (9%) adverse events (complications) were found. Initiates reported mixed attitudes towards combining medical circumcision with traditional initiation. The majority of the initiates (70%) felt that they could be stigmatized as a result of choosing medical rather than traditional circumcision and 20% thought that the relationship between medical and traditionally circumcised men was hostile. Prior to circumcision, most initiates (92%) had been sexually active and had engaged in HIV-risk behaviour. Focus-group discussions revealed that sexually active initiates, when asked about sex after circumcision, indicated they wished to abstain for a short period before resuming sexual activities with intended condom use being high. Findings are promising for efforts to up-scale integrated medical circumcision alongside traditional initiation into manhood.	Male circumcision; Sexual risk behaviour; South Africa; Xhosa	Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Ceremonial Behavior; Circumcision, Male; Focus Groups; Gender Identity; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249110296	HIV/AIDS and cultural practices in western Kenya: The impact of sexual cleansing rituals on sexual behaviours	Ayikukwei R., Ngare D., Sidle J., Ayuku D., Baliddawa J., Greene J.	2008	Culture, Health and Sexuality	10	6	10.1080/13691050802012601	Moi University, AMPATH Program, Eldoret, Kenya; Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States	Ayikukwei, R., Moi University, AMPATH Program, Eldoret, Kenya; Ngare, D., Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Sidle, J., Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Ayuku, D., Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Baliddawa, J., Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Greene, J., Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States	This paper reports on an exploratory study examining the role of sexual cleansing rituals in the transmission of HIV among the Luo community in western Kenya. Data were collected using both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study population consisted of 38 widows, 12 community elders and 44 cleansers. Data were collected on non-behavioural causes, behavioural causes and behavioural indicators associated with sexual rituals. Content analysis revealed five central themes: the effect of the ritual on sexual behaviours; factors contributing to the continued practice of the ritual, including a sub-theme on the commercialization of the ritual; the inseparable relationship between the sanctity of sex, prosperity and fertility of the land; and the effects of modernization on the ritual, including a sub-theme on the effects of mass media on HIV-prevention awareness campaigns. Causal factors of unchanging sexual behaviours are deeply rooted in traditional beliefs, which the community uphold strongly. These beliefs encourage men and women to have multiple sexual partners in a context where the use of condoms is rejected and little HIV testing is carried out.	HIV/AIDS; Kenya; Sex cleansers; Sexual rituals; Widows	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; aged; article; awareness; commercial phenomena; condom; cultural anthropology; cultural value; female; health program; health promotion; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; interview; Kenya; male; mass medium; priority journal; ritual; safe sex; sexual behavior; social belief; virus transmission; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ceremonial Behavior; Cultural Characteristics; Developing Countries; Female; Grief; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Hygiene; Kenya; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Mortuary Practice; Sex Education; Sexual Behavior; Socialization; Unsafe Sex; Widowhood	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955838271	Evaluation of the asthma guideline implementation project in the Western Cape, South Africa	Mash B., Rhode H., Pather M., Ainslie G., Irusen E., Bheekie A., Mayers P.	2010	Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology	23	4	None	Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellen-bosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Asthma Guideline Implementation Project, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellen-bosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; FRCP Respiratory Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; FCP (SA) Pulmonology Unit, Tygerberg Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Tyger-berg, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Division of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Mash, B., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellen-bosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Rhode, H., Asthma Guideline Implementation Project, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Pather, M., Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellen-bosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Ainslie, G., FRCP Respiratory Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Irusen, E., FCP (SA) Pulmonology Unit, Tygerberg Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Tyger-berg, South Africa; Bheekie, A., School of Pharmacy, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Mayers, P., Division of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: Asthma is the eighth leading contributor to the burden of disease in South Africa. Previous guidelines have been published in scientific journals with no explicit approach to their dissemination and implementation. The Asthma Guideline Implementation Project (AGIP) attempted to design, monitor and evaluate a model for guideline dissemination and implementation in the Western Cape. The project focused on the new guideline for the management of chronic asthma in adults and adolescents. Methods: Outcome Mapping was used to design, monitor and evaluate the project. Seven boundary partners were targeted by the project - patients, primary care providers, medical schemes, Department of Health, universities and training bodies, pharmaceutical industry and hospital-based physicians. Thirteen strategies were planned to engage with and influence these boundary partners. Results: More than 50% of the planned changes were achieved among all the boundary partners, except for the medical schemes. Greatest success was seen with patients, primary care providers and the Department of Health. The AGIP developed self-management/education leaflets, group education tools and DVD materials for patients; desktop manuals, wall-charts, audit tools, and interactive workshops for primary care providers. Conclusion: AGIP have shown how new guidelines can be disseminated and implemented in a multi-faceted and more effective way than simply publishing in a scientific journal. The resource materials and strategies developed by AGIP have been offered to other provinces via the National Asthma Education Programme and National Department of Health.	None	article; asthma; continuing education provider; drug industry; evaluation research; health care planning; health care quality; human; information dissemination; medical school; outcome assessment; patient education; patient monitoring; practice guideline; primary health care; public health service; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649106795	Evaluation of the performance of manganese phthalocyanines as superoxide dismutase mimics	Matemadombo F., Durmus M., Escriou V., Griveau S., Scherman D., Bedioui F., Nyokong T.	2009	Current Analytical Chemistry	5	4	10.2174/157341109789077731	INSERM, U640, Paris, F-75006, France; CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Paris, F-75270, France; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France; Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa; Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box: 141, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey	Matemadombo, F., INSERM, U640, Paris, F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006, France, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Paris, F-75270, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France, Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa; Durmus, M., Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box: 141, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey; Escriou, V., INSERM, U640, Paris, F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006, France, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Paris, F-75270, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France, Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa; Griveau, S., INSERM, U640, Paris, F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006, France, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Paris, F-75270, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France, Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa; Scherman, D., INSERM, U640, Paris, F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006, France, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Paris, F-75270, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France, Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa; Bedioui, F., INSERM, U640, Paris, F-75006, France, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006, France, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Paris, F-75270, France, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France, Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa; Nyokong, T., Rhodes University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 94, 6140, Grahamstown, South Africa	Evaluation of the performance of seven variously substituted manganese(III) phthalocyanine complexes (MnPcs) for the dismutation of superoxide radical (O2 •-), as superoxide dismutase mimics (SOD mimics), was assessed using cyclic voltammetry, UV visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence. In a first step, the electrochemical analysis of the MnPcs allows showing the fine tuning of the redox potential of the MnIII/MnII couple which is involved in the dismutation process of O2 •-. Thus, the evaluation of the behaviour of the MPcs as SOD mimics were tested toward O2 •- produced from the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, using cytochrome c and UV visible spectrophometry (McCord-Fridovich assay). All manganese phthalocyanine complexes did not interfere with the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction and efficiently dismutated O2 •- with apparent overall catalytic rate constant values ranging from log kcat = 7.81 to 6.62 and improved IC50 (concentration of complex that induces 50% inhibition of the reduction of 10μM cytochrome c) values (0.04 to 0.68 μM) compared to one commercially available Mn porphyrin based SOD mimic (namely manganese (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin). We used DMSO-treated HL60 cell (human leukemia cells) as a model of O2 •- production, either extracellular production with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation or intracellular production without PMA stimulation. With these models, analysis of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence for the detection of superoxide production showed that the examined MnPcs act as proficient superoxide dismutase mimics. The obtained results also showed that four of these MPcs are cell permeant. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Cyclic voltammetry; Fluorescence; HL-60; Manganese phthalocyanine; SOD mimic; Superoxide radical; UV visible spectrophotometry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872360882	Echocardiographic screening for subclinical rheumatic heart disease remains a research tool pending studies of impact on prognosis	Zühlke L., Mayosi B.M.	2013	Current Cardiology Reports	15	3	10.1007/s11886-012-0343-1	Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Old Groote Schuur Hospital, Groote Schuur Drive, Observatory, 7945, Cape Town, South Africa	Zühlke, L., Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, Old Groote Schuur Hospital, Groote Schuur Drive, Observatory, 7945, Cape Town, South Africa; Mayosi, B.M., Department of Medicine, Old Groote Schuur Hospital, Groote Schuur Drive, Observatory, 7945, Cape Town, South Africa	The application of portable echocardiography to the screening of asymptomatic children and young adults for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in developing countries indicates that the disease may affect 62 million to 78 million individuals worldwide, which could potentially result in 1.4 million deaths per year from RHD and its complications. The World Heart Federation has developed a guideline for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD in asymptomatic individuals without a history of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in order to ensure the reliability, comparability, and reproducibility of findings of the echocardiographic screening studies. Early studies suggest that a third of individuals with asymptomatic subclinical RHD revert to normal echocardiographic findings on repeat testing after 6-12 months, suggesting that repeat echocardiography may be necessary to confirm the findings prior to consideration of interventions such as antibiotic prophylaxis. It is not known, however, whether echocardiographic screening for asymptomatic subclinical RHD or the introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis for affected individuals improves the prognosis of RHD. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of this screening method has not been established in the vast majority of affected countries. Therefore, echocardiographic screening for asymptomatic subclinical RHD remains a research tool until studies of impact on prognosis and cost-effectiveness are conducted. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.	Echocardiographic screening; Rheumatic heart disease; Subclinical carditis; World Heart Federation guidelines	antibiotic prophylaxis; article; asymptomatic disease; clinical protocol; comparative effectiveness; cost effectiveness analysis; developing country; disease activity; disease classification; disease course; disease surveillance; echocardiography; health care cost; human; practice guideline; prognosis; reliability; repeat procedure; reproducibility; rheumatic heart disease	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745821549	Evaluation of mucin as a release enhancer for rectal delivery of glibenclamide	Adikwu M.U., Okafor J.O.	2006	Current Drug Delivery	3	3	10.2174/156720106777731064	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Adikwu, M.U., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Okafor, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	In this work mucin was evaluated as a release and absorption enhancer for glibenclamide from rectal glycerogelatin suppository. Glycerogelatin suppositories containing different ratios of glibenclamide to I-mucin (insoluble), S-mucin (soluble) and sodium salicylate respectively, were formulated using the fusion method. The suppositories were evaluated using standard parameters. Release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 7.6). The pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluation of the formulations was carried out on normoglycaemic albino rats. The results of the physical tests showed that the suppositories possessed high resistance to rupture and had uniformity of weight and drug contents. The erosion times of the suppositories with I-mucin, S-mucin and sodium salicylate were shorter than glycerogelatin suppositories BP without any release enhancer (control). Analysis of the release data showed that the release pattern was bi-phasic with initial fast release and subsequent slow release of the glibenclamide from the suppositories. The release mechanism followed first order kinetics. All the suppositories containing either S-mucin, I-mucin or sodium salicylate showed better glibenclamide release than the control without any release enhancer (p < 0.05). The pharmacodynamic studies showed that the overall glucose lowering effect in rats was greater in S-mucin suppositories than in sodium salicylate and I-mucin suppositories. The results of this study indicated that mucin extracted from Bovine spp. could be used to enhance the release and subsequent absorption of glibenclamide from rectal glycerolgelatin suppositories. © 2006 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Evaluation; Glibenclamide; Mucin; Rectal delivery; Release enhancer; Suppository	glibenclamide; mucin; salicylate sodium; article; controlled study; drug effect; drug release; female; hyperglycemia; kinetics; male; nonhuman; priority journal; rat; suppository; weight; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Administration, Rectal; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Gelatin; Glyburide; Glycerol; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mucins; Rats; Sodium Salicylate; Suppositories; Swine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949085151	Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic activity of insulin from bilosomal formulation	Ayogu I.J., Ogbonna O., Ayolugbe C.I., Attama A.A.	2009	Current Drug Delivery	6	4	10.2174/156720109789000573	Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ayogu, I.J., Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ogbonna, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayolugbe, C.I., Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria	In this study, bilosome as a drug delivery system for insulin was studied. Two bilosomal preparations were formulated and assessed. One was prepared using a lipid extract from Soya beans seed (SBE), Palmitic acid (PA) and cholesterol (CH ) in the ratio of 0.25:1:1 w/w designated as BI while the other (BII) contained PA and CH as the lipid entity at the ratio of 1:1 w/w. Each of the preparations contained 0.5% of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and soluble insulin. BI was given orally only, while BII was administered subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally to different groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats, and the blood glucose levels were measured at predetermined time intervals. The results of the studies showed that oral administration of BI and BII produced blood glucose reduction, which could mimick endogenous release of insulin with prolonged activity, although, less blood sugar lowering compared with parental administration. BI (oral I) containing SBE had greater reduction of blood glucose than BII (oral II) ,showing that SBE increased the bioavailability of insulin. Bilosomal insulin formulation could provide a good oral delivery system for insulin that would affect the entero-insular axis similar to endogenous insulin. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Bilosome; Bioavailability; Blood glucose reduction; Drug delivery system; Formulation; Insulin	bile salt; bilosome I; bilosome II; cholesterol; deoxycholate sodium; glucose; insulin; palmitic acid; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug synthesis; glucose blood level; male; nonhuman; pharmacodynamics; priority journal; rat; soybean; streptozocin diabetes; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cholesterol; Deoxycholic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Delivery Systems; Excipients; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liposomes; Male; Palmitic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soybeans; Streptozocin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932169132	Evaluation of herbal medicines: Value addition to traditional medicines through metabolism, pharmacokinetic and safety studies	Thelingwani R., Masimirembwa C.	2014	Current Drug Metabolism	15	10	10.2174/1389200216666150206125727	Department of DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Cnr Rekai Tangwena and Josiah Tongogara, Harare, Zimbabwe	Thelingwani, R., Department of DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Cnr Rekai Tangwena and Josiah Tongogara, Harare, Zimbabwe; Masimirembwa, C., Department of DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Cnr Rekai Tangwena and Josiah Tongogara, Harare, Zimbabwe	The safety and efficacy of herbal medicines remain major issues of concern especially in the developing world where the use is high. The World Health Organisation estimates up to 80% of the population in Africa relies on herbal medicines for treatment of many diseases. Minimum safety evaluations need to be done for both the herbal and conventional drugs, in particular when there is a high likelihood of co-administration. This is particularly important in Africa where there is increased access to antiretrovirals in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, which are being used in a population background characterized by rampant use of herbal medicines. Many techniques used in the discovery and evaluation of conventional drugs can be adapted to herbal medicines. Such evaluations will add value to herbal medicines as doctors and patients will be better informed on which drugs and herbal medicines to take or not take together. This can also lead to the adoption of guidelines by regulatory agents such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and governmental agencies controlling the use of medicines. Of current interest is the evaluation of drug-herb interactions (DHI) involving the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of medicines where there is a promising possibility to adopt the current FDA and EMA guidelines on the evaluation of herbal medicines for drug-drug interactions (DDI). In this review we demonstrate progress made so far in DHI and point to possible future developments that will contribute to the safe use of herbal medicines. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers.	ADME; Herbal medicines; Pharmacokinetics; Value addition	antiretrovirus agent; herbaceous agent; plant medicinal product; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Africa; Article; drug absorption; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug metabolism; drug safety; food and drug administration; health care access; herb drug interaction; herbal medicine; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; nonhuman; traditional medicine; world health organization; animal; drug development; herb drug interaction; medicinal plant; phytotherapy; risk assessment; Animals; Drug Discovery; Herb-Drug Interactions; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Risk Assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953379172	Organizational impact of the introduction of a new portable syringe pump for iloprost therapy in Italian hospital settings	Restelli U., Faggioli P., Scolari F., Gussoni G., Valerio A., Sciascera A., Croce D., Mazzone A.	2015	Current Drug Therapy	10	2	None	School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, Carlo Cattaneo University - LIUC, Castellanza (Varese), Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano (Milan), Italy; Research Department, FADOI Foundation Italian Scientific Society of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy	Restelli, U., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, Carlo Cattaneo University - LIUC, Castellanza (Varese), Italy; Faggioli, P., Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano (Milan), Italy; Scolari, F., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, Carlo Cattaneo University - LIUC, Castellanza (Varese), Italy; Gussoni, G., Research Department, FADOI Foundation Italian Scientific Society of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy; Valerio, A., Research Department, FADOI Foundation Italian Scientific Society of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy; Sciascera, A., Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano (Milan), Italy; Croce, D., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management, Carlo Cattaneo University - LIUC, Castellanza (Varese), Italy; Mazzone, A., Research Department, FADOI Foundation Italian Scientific Society of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy	Purpose: The study aims at assessing the organizational and economic impact related to the use of a new portable syringe pump (Pompa Infonde®, Italfarmaco S.p.A., Cinisello Balsamo, Italy) at a hospital level. Methodology: Based on the HTA approach, the analysis assessed the organizational and economic impact of the new device at hospital level, using the traditional methods of Iloprost infusion as comparator. After a pilot evaluation, the organizational impact was assessed within 24 Italian hospitals. Structured interviews were conducted with clinicians and nurses. According to the Hospital-Based HTA approach, a questionnaire assessed the impact on human resources, training activities, internal meetings, spaces needed, facilities, clinical practice implications. Using Activity Based Costing approach, the economic evaluation was performed within the pilot center “Ospedale Civile” of Legnano, Italy. Findings: The new device leads to a positive managerial impact, with a substantial reduction of time to monitor patients by nurses. This resulted in a better management of human resources and in a reduction in nursing cost. Although a mild negative impact on training time for personnel, the structured interviews allowed the identification of three main areas of positive impact: (i) efficiency of internal processes, (ii) clinical pathways, (iii) synergies between wards. Originality: The organizational impact of Pompa Infonde®, showed that it is an efficient alternative to traditional methods, with benefits in the management of patients administered with Iloprost. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	Hospital; Italy; Medical device; Organizational impact; Prevention; Rehabilitation	iloprost; anticoagulant therapy; Article; clinical assessment; clinical pathway; clinical practice; comorbidity; controlled study; cost control; device comparison; economic evaluation; health care cost; health care management; health care planning; health personnel attitude; hospital purchasing; human; infusion pump; mental health organization; nurse training; nursing cost; outpatient care; patient autonomy; patient education; patient monitoring; peristaltic pump; personnel management; pilot study; primary medical care; priority journal; productivity; structured interview; time; treatment planning; computer program; economic evaluation; portable syringe pump; pump; purchasing; questionnaire; staff training	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350716637	Relative HIV resistance in kenyan sex workers is not due to an altered prevalence or mucosal immune impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection	Baltzer H., Chege D., Rebbapragada A., Wachihi C., Shin L.Y.Y., Kimani J., Ball T.B., Jaoko W., Plummer F.A., Kaul R.	2009	Current HIV Research	7	5	10.2174/157016209789346336	Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada	Baltzer, H., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Chege, D., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rebbapragada, A., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wachihi, C., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Shin, L.Y.Y., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Kimani, J., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Ball, T.B., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Jaoko, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Plummer, F.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Kaul, R., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Chronic infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) increases HIV susceptibility, perhaps due to HSV-2-associated increases in activated mucosal immune cells. A small number of Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs) exhibit relative HIV resistance. We examined whether relative HIV resistance was related to differences in the prevalence or mucosal immune impact of HSV-2. Participants were recruited from an open cohort of HIV-uninfected FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya. Women who had been practicing sex work in the cohort for ≥3 years without acquiring HIV were defined as relatively HIV resistant. HSV-2 diagnostics were performed, and cervical immune cell subsets were examined by flow cytometry in a subset of participants. The study population comprised 139 HIV-uninfected FSWs. HSV-2 seroprevalence was actually higher in FSWs meeting criteria for relative HIV resistance than in non-resistant FSWs (75/80, 94% vs 46/59, 78%; LR = 7.5; P = 0.006), likely due to the increased age and longer duration of sex work in the resistant subgroup. Late HIV acquisition was not associated with recent HSV-2 infection, and HSV-2 associated increases in HIVsusceptible cervical immune cell populations were similar in both groups. Relative HIV resistance in Kenyan FSWs was not due to a reduced prevalence or mucosal immune impact of HSV-2 infection. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Female sex workers; Herpes simplex virus type 2; HIV resistance; HIV susceptibility; Seroprevalence	CD209 antigen; CD69 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; t6 antigen; adult; age; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; dendritic cell; female; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infection resistance; Kenya; mucosal immunity; seroprevalence; sexual transmission; uterine cervix mucosa; Adult; Female; Flow Cytometry; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Kenya; Prostitution; Vagina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934755299	Improved performance of cobas ampliprep/cobas taqman version 2.0 assay over amplicor monitor version 1.5 in the quantification of HIV-1 RNA viral load in Abuja, Nigeria	Abubakar A., Ndembi N., Ogbanufe O., Inalegwu A., Wilson S., Ebagua I., Peters S., Chime C., Dakum P., Abimiku A.G.	2015	Current HIV Research	13	4	None	Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medici	Abubakar, A., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Ndembi, N., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Ogbanufe, O., US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Inalegwu, A., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Wilson, S., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Ebagua, I., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Peters, S., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Chime, C., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Dakum, P., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Abimiku, A.G., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street N446, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: Improved viral detections by the real time PCR over the manual assays have been reported by various manufacturers. However, discrepancies and discordance between different platforms targeting the same pathogen have also been observed at different settings. Methods: We used an analytical study design to compare the performance of the Cobas Taqman /Cobas Ampliprep version 2.0 against the standard Amplicor Monitor 1.5 using 200 routine clinical samples, in Abuja-Nigeria. Results: Taqman and Amplicor detected 118/200 (59%) and 83/200 (41.5%) samples respectively. Two of 83 samples (2.4%) undetectable by Cobas Taqman, were detectable by Roche Amplicor, while 5 of 37 samples (13.5%) which were undetectable by Amplicor using Taqman. Among the 81 detectable samples by both assays 4 samples (4.9%) had a log10 difference > 0.5 log copies, while 9 samples (11.1%) showed a wider discrepancy of >1 log10. Bland and Altman’s comparison shows no significant difference between the two methods (p=0.2825) and CI-0.06171 to 0.2087. Conclusion: We observed a remarkable improvement in the performance of COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan version 2.0 Assay over Amplicor Monitor version 1.5 in the quantification of HIV1 RNA viral load. Discrepancies of clinical significance, in the viral load between the two platforms were also recorded. The implications of the inability of the automated Taqman 2.0 to detect 2.4% of samples detectable by the Amplicor need to be considered by programs, clinicians and the manufacturers. Periodic evaluation of platforms to detect new circulating HIV subtypes within each locality is also recommended. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	HIV-1 RNA; Improved performance; Quantification; Viral load	adult; Article; clinical article; COBAS AmpliPrep; COBAS TaqMan; female; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; limit of quantitation; male; molecular diagnostics; molecular phylogeny; performance; real time polymerase chain reaction; regression analysis; sequence analysis; virus load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934767274	Performance of genotype mtbdrplus in the detection of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid among clinical mycobacteria isolates in Ilorin, Nigeria	Nwofor A.C., Nyamngee A., Nwabuisi C., Iwakun M., Gidado M., Mensah C., Dakum P., Agbede O.O., Ndembi N., Blattner W.A., Abimiku A.G.	2015	Current HIV Research	13	4	None	Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; National Tuberculosis and leprosy Training Center, Zaria, Nigeria; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States	Nwofor, A.C., Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria; Nyamngee, A., University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Nwabuisi, C., University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Iwakun, M., Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria; Gidado, M., National Tuberculosis and leprosy Training Center, Zaria, Nigeria; Mensah, C., Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States; Dakum, P., Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria; Agbede, O.O., University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ndembi, N., Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States; Blattner, W.A., Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States; Abimiku, A.G., Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States	Background: Performance of Genotype MTBDRplus assay against Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) proportion method of Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) in detection of resistance among clinical mycobacteria isolates to rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) was evaluated in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective study characterized one hundred mycobacteria isolates from pulmonary TB patients, stored on LJ medium and subcultured unto fresh LJ slants before being genotyped using MTBDRplus assay. DST was performed on the isolates against RMP, INH, Ethambutol and Streptomycin. Results: Genotype MTBDRplus identified 97% and 3% of the 100 isolates as Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) respectively. Fourteen of the isolates, (14%) were resistant to RMP while 86% were sensitive by the genotypic method. Three of these 14 RMP-resistant isolates were NTMs while 11 were MTBC. Twelve (12%) of the 100 isolates were resistant to INH. Three INH-resistant isolates were NTMs, and 9 were MTBC. Phenotypically and genotypically, the 3 NTMs were resistant to RMP and INH and ten of the 97 MTBC strains were RMP-resistant. One RMP-phenotypically-sensitive strain was genotypically resistant to RMP. Six of the MTBC isolates were resistant to both RMP and INH by both methods. Most mutations occurred in the S-531L and S315T1 codons of rpoB and KatG genes of RMP and INH, respectively. Conclusion: The high specificity and positive predictive values recorded by MTBDRplus in our study make it suitable for use in the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB in resource-limited settings. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	Codons; First-line anti-TB drugs; Genotypic; MDR-TB; Nigeria; Phenotypic	ethambutol; isoniazid; rifampicin; streptomycin; antiviral susceptibility; Article; controlled study; DNA isolation; genotype; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nigeria; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; retrospective study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954695993	Quality of life of HIV patients in a rural area of Western Uganda: Impact of a community-based antiretroviral treatment program	Alibhai A., Martin L.J., Kipp W., Konde-Lule J., Saunders L.D., Rubaale T., Houston S., Okech-Ojony J.	2010	Current HIV Research	8	5	10.2174/157016210791330400	School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kabarole Health Department, Kabarole District Government, Fort Portal, Uganda; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada	Alibhai, A., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Martin, L.J., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Kipp, W., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Konde-Lule, J., School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Saunders, L.D., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Rubaale, T., Kabarole Health Department, Kabarole District Government, Fort Portal, Uganda; Houston, S., Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Okech-Ojony, J., Kabarole Health Department, Kabarole District Government, Fort Portal, Uganda	Objective: Community-based antiretroviral treatment (CBART) programs should aim to achieve positive quality of life outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the health related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of patients in a CBART program supported by community volunteers in one sub-county in western Uganda located 50 km from the nearest urban centre. Methods: We administered a translated version of the MOS-HIV survey and collected clinical data at baseline and after one year from 130 patients. Inclusion criteria included residency in the sub-county, eighteen years of age or, treatment- naïve, eligible for ART based on CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical stage 3 or 4, and willing to accept daily treatment support by family/friends and to be visited by a community volunteer weekly. We assessed changes in physical health (PHS) and mental health (MHS) summary scores and examined associations between patient characteristics and changes in HRQOL. Results: After one year, we observed significant increases in mean PHS (42.7 to 50.1; p<0.01) and MHS (43.5 to 49.5; p<0.01) scores. Lower age (p<0.01) and lower baseline PHS scores (p<0.01) were associated with increases in PHS scores and lower age (p=0.03) and lower baseline MHS scores (p<0.01) were associated with increases in MHS scores. Fifteen patients (12%) had reductions in their HRQOL after one year which were not associated with patient or clinical characteristics, including virological suppression. Conclusions: The observed improvements in HRQOL demonstrate that positive treatment outcomes can be achieved in CBART programs in rural Uganda. However, some patients appear to experience declines in their overall well-being, despite achieving virological suppression. HRQOL surveys can be useful in identifying these patients, who may require additional attention and support to achieve the full benefits of ART. © 2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; Community based treatment; HIV/AIDS; Quality of life; Rural health services; Uganda	cotrimoxazole; efavirenz; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; adult; age distribution; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical study; cognition; family; female; friend; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; mental health; public health; quality of life; rural area; scoring system; social status; treatment outcome; Uganda; wellbeing; world health organization; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000268259800012	Impact of Prior HAART Use on Clinical Outcomes in a Large Kenyan HIV Treatment Program	Chung, Michael H.,Drake, Alison L.,John-Stewart, Grace C.,Kiarie, James N.,Reddy, Ashok,Richardson, Barbra A.,Sakr, Samah R.,Thiga, Joan,Yowakim, Paul	2009	CURRENT HIV RESEARCH	7	4	None	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Nairobi, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, Copt Hosp	"Chung, Michael H.: University of Washington","Chung, Michael H.: University of Washington Seattle","Drake, Alison L.: University of Washington","Drake, Alison L.: University of Washington Seattle","John-Stewart, Grace C.: University of Washington","John-Stewart, Grace C.: University of Washington Seattle","Kiarie, James N.: University of Nairobi",	Background: HIV treatment programs in Africa typically approach all enrolling patients uniformly. Growing numbers of patients are antiretroviral experienced. Defining patients on the basis of antiretroviral experience may inform enrollment practices, particularly if medical outcomes differ. Methods: Baseline and follow-up measures (CD4, weight change, and survival) were compared in a retrospective analysis between antiretroviral-naive (ARV-N) and antiretroviral experience (ARV-E) patients enrolled at the Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya and followed between January 2004 and August 2006. Results: 1,307 ARV-N and 962 ARV-E patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were followed for median of 9 months (interquartile range: 4-16 months). Compared to ARV-N, ARV-E had substantially higher CD4 count (median cells/mm(3), 193 versus 95, P &lt; 0.001) and weight (median kg, 62 versus 57, P &lt; 0.001) at baseline, and lower rates of change in CD4 (-9.2 cells/mm(3)/month; 95% CI, -11.4--7.0) and weight (-0.24 kg/month; 95% CI, -0.35--0.14) over 12 months. Mortality was significantly higher in ARV-N than ARV-E (P = 0.001). Conclusions: ARV-E patients form a growing group that differs significantly from ARV-N patients and requires a distinct approach from ARV-N clients. Systematic approaches to streamline care of ARV-E patients may allow focused attention on early ARV-N clients whose mortality risks are substantially higher.	Africa,"clinic flow",experience,HAART,HIV-1,MORTALITY,"1ST YEAR","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",COHORT,COUNTRIES,"EARLY MORTALITY","RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS",SCALE-UP,SERVICE,SOUTH-AFRICA,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250209073	Nature-based tourism and poverty alleviation: Impacts of private sector and parastatal enterprises in and around Kruger National Park, South Africa	Spenceley A., Goodwin H.	2007	Current Issues in Tourism	10	42403	10.2167/cit305.0	International Centre for Responsible Tourism, South Africa; Transboundary Protected Areas Research Initiative, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, 2050 Wits, South Africa; International Centre for Responsible Tourism, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United Kingdom	Spenceley, A., International Centre for Responsible Tourism, South Africa, Transboundary Protected Areas Research Initiative, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, 2050 Wits, South Africa; Goodwin, H., International Centre for Responsible Tourism, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United Kingdom	International programmes and national policies around the world have identified tourism as an appropriate mechanism for sustainable development, poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation. To evaluate the impact of nature-based tourism on the poor, socio-economic assessments were undertaken at enterprises based within South African protected areas. Comparisons were made between local economic interventions reported by enterprises and neighbouring community member's perceptions of their initiatives. Socioeconomic impacts evaluated included employment, gender equality, procurement, corporate social responsibility, dependency on tourism and access to markets. The studies demonstrate that isolated efforts from individual tourism companies have little tangible impact on the majority of people living in highly populated rural communities but impacts are substantial for the few people who directly benefit. Implications of these findings for future socio-economic initiatives through tourism, and options to increase net benefits to the poor are explored. © 2007 A. Spenceley and H. Goodwin.	Kruger National Park; Poverty; Private nature reserve; Protected area; Socioeconomic; South Africa; SUNTAT	accessibility; biodiversity; economic impact; ecotourism; poverty alleviation; private sector; protected area; socioeconomic conditions; socioeconomic impact; state owned enterprise; sustainable development; Africa; Kruger National Park; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954439764	Evaluation of genetic manipulation strategies on d-lactate production by Escherichia coli	Zhou L., Zuo Z.-R., Chen X.-Z., Niu D.-D., Tian K.-M., Prior B.A., Shen W., Shi G.-Y., Singh S., Wang Z.-X.	2011	Current Microbiology	62	3	10.1007/s00284-010-9817-9	Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa	Zhou, L., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Zuo, Z.-R., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Chen, X.-Z., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Niu, D.-D., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Tian, K.-M., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Prior, B.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Shen, W., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Shi, G.-Y., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Singh, S., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa; Wang, Z.-X., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China	In order to rationally manipulate the cellular metabolism of Escherichia coli for d-lactate production, single-gene and multiple-gene deletions with mutations in acetate kinase (ackA), phosphotransacetylase (pta), phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (pps), pyruvate formate lyase (pflB), FAD-binding d-lactate dehydrogenase (dld), pyruvate oxidase (poxB), alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE), and fumarate reductase (frdA) were tested for their effects in two-phase fermentations (aerobic growth and oxygen-limited production). Lactate yield and productivity could be improved by single-gene deletions of ackA, pta, pflB, dld, poxB, and frdA in the wild type E. coli strain but were unfavorably affected by deletions of pps and adhE. However, fermentation experiments with multiple-gene mutant strains showed that deletion of pps in addition to ackA-pta deletions had no effect on lactate production, whereas the additional deletion of adhE in E. coli B0013-050 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB) increased lactate yield. Deletion of all eight genes in E. coli B0013 to produce B0013-070 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB adhE frdA) increased lactate yield and productivity by twofold and reduced yields of acetate, succinate, formate, and ethanol by 95, 89, 100, and 93%, respectively. When tested in a bioreactor, E. coli B0013-070 produced 125 g/l d-lactate with an increased oxygen-limited lactate productivity of 0.61 g/g h (2.1-fold greater than E. coli B0013). These kinetic properties of d-lactate production are among the highest reported and the results have revealed which genetic manipulations improved d-lactate production by E. coli. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	acetate kinase; acetic acid; alcohol; alcohol dehydrogenase; formic acid; fumarate reductase; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; phosphate acetyltransferase; pyruvate oxidase; pyruvate water dikinase; succinic acid; synthetase; unclassified drug; ackA gene; adhE gene; aerobic fermentation; article; bacterial gene; bacterial growth; bacterial metabolism; bacterial strain; controlled study; dld gene; Escherichia coli; frda gene; gene deletion; gene mutation; genetic manipulation; nonhuman; pflB gene; poxb gene; pps gene; priority journal; pta gene; wild type; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fermentation; Gene Deletion; Genetic Engineering; Lactic Acid; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879144314	Performance of medical students in paediatric examinations and associated factors	Chinawa J.M., Chinawa A.T., Obu H.A., Chukwu B.F., Eke C.B.	2013	Current Pediatric Research	17	2	None	Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria	Chinawa, J.M., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Chinawa, A.T., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Obu, H.A., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Eke, C.B., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria	A student who just enrolled in a medical school has several examinations to write and about six to twelve years of major examinations from the very first year of school to becoming a consultant paediatrician. Paediatrics is a major course which needs to be passed before qualifying as a doctor. Attaining this is a rather formidable task in any Nigerian university. High failure rates in this course have become an allegory or a myth. The aim of this present study is to determine the performance of medical students in paediatric examinations and associated factors. This is an observational prospective study involving 102 medical students seen at the paediatric departments of College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and 54 medical students from Enugu State University College of Medicine, Enugu. 126 (80.8%) of the students attended lectures regularly. One hundred and fifteen (73.7%) confirmed that ward rounds are very interesting and important. One hundred and thirty students (83.3%) admitted that performance in paediatrics examinations is poor and 147 (94.2%) students attributed this failure to clinicals .Eighty seven (62.2%) students preferred OSCE as a perfect replacement for clinicals. It is concluded that performance of Medical students in paediatrics is poor and clinical have been pointed out as the major cause of this.	Medical students; Nigeria; Paediatrics; Performance	academic achievement; adult; article; experience; female; human; male; medical education; medical examination; medical school; medical student; Nigeria; observational study; pediatrics; prospective study; structured questionnaire; ward	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957577723	Evaluation of immunocytochemistry on pleural fluid for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis	Omar S.V., Baba K., Ismail N.A., Joubert H.F., Hoosen A.A.	2011	Current Research in Tuberculosis	3	1	10.3923/crt.2011.20.24	Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	Omar, S.V., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Baba, K., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ismail, N.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, H.F., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Hoosen, A.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of immunocytochemistry against the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) antigen on pleural fluid for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Immunocytochemistry refers to the process of localizing proteins in cells and exploiting the principle of antigens binding to their respective antibodies. Visualization is enabled by tagging the antibody with color producing tags. Consecutive pleural fluid specimens were cytospun and stained for the BCG antigen. Specimens were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen media. After incubation, culture slopes were washed with distilled water and washings used to perform real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay for mycobacteria. Immunocytochemistry detected mycobacteria in 10/102 (9.8%) specimens compared to 22/102 (21.6%) by culture and 26/102 (25.5%) by real-time PCR. This gave a sensitivity of 27% [95%CI: 16, 34] and specificity of 96% [95%CI: 92, 99] (p = 0.002). Immunocytochemistry detecting the BCG antigen was not useful for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Antigen; BCG; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PCR; Rapid	Mycobacterium antigen; article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; human; immunocytochemistry; intermethod comparison; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium kansasii; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; pleura fluid; predictive value; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; tuberculous pleurisy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883776379	Field evaluation of 3D geo-electrical resistivity imaging for environmental and engineering studies using parallel 2D profiles	Aizebeokhai A.P., Singh V.S.	2013	Current Science	105	4	None	Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Aizebeokhai, A.P., Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Singh, V.S., CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Eight parallel two-dimensional (2D) geo-electrical resistivity profiles were generated in hard-rock (Pulivendla) area of Andhra Pradesh, India using a Lund imaging multi-electrode system adopting Wen-ner array. The aim of the survey was to experiment-tally evaluate the effectiveness of using parallel 2D profiles for three-dimensional (3D) geo-electrical resistivity imaging for better understanding of aquifer geometry and its characteristics. The observed 2D apparent resistivity data were independently inverted, and then collated to 3D data set. The inversion of the resulting 3D data set was carried out using a full 3D inversion code. The 3D inverse model of resistivity images obtained are presented as horizontal depth slices. The 2D images extracted from 3D inverse models showed no distortions that are observed in 2D models obtained by 2D inversion. The 3D inverse model resis-tivity appears to be more realistic, considering the hydrogeology of the area. The unusually high resistiv-ity values observed in the 2D inverse models were not observed in the 3D inverse models. The very low near-surface inverse model resistivity observed is thought to be structurally influenced. The results, which are consistent with numerical evaluation, show that high resolution 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging can be successfully conducted using parallel 2D profiles if appropriate survey parameters are carefully chosen.	2D and 3D imaging; 3D inversion; Field evaluation; Parallel 2D profiles; Resistivity survey	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36248971166	The storm that rocks the boat: The systemic impact of gated communities on urban sustainability	Landman K.	2007	CyberGeo	2007	None	None	CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	Landman, K., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper is concerned with the impact and implications of gated communities on urban sustainability. This is investigated making use of an overarching methodological framework based on the internationally accepted Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, developed by the OECD. Additional to the simple causal flow from drivers to responses are the dynamic relationships between these five aspects. The paper discusses each of these issues and the relationships between them as they pertain to gated communities in South Africa. Gated communities, as complex systems, necessitate the consideration of a multiplicity of feedback loops with internal rates of flow that are determined by non-linear relationships. Only in this way can the full extent of their impact and implications on urban sustainability be assessed.	None	gated community; modeling; storm; sustainability; urban area; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45949104696	The Performance of South African and Kenyan Universities on the World Wide Web: A web link analysis	Onyancha O.B., Ocholla D.N.	2007	Cybermetrics	11	1	None	Library, University of Eastern Africa Baraton, P.O. Box 2500, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Library and Information Science, University of Zululand, X1001 KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Onyancha, O.B., Library, University of Eastern Africa Baraton, P.O. Box 2500, Eldoret, Kenya; Ocholla, D.N., Department of Library and Information Science, University of Zululand, X1001 KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	The study used Link Analysis to compare Kenyan and South African universities according to several Web-based indicators, some of which include the number of pages, and the number of in and out-links. The authors examined the external out-links in order to determine the institutions targeted by South African and Kenyan universities. Also investigated were the networks or links between universities. Web Impact Factors (WIFs) were calculated and reported in order to compare the universities' web influence. Results indicate that Kenyan universities, like most African universities, have embraced the Internet and its constructs fairly recently, hence most of their websites are at initial stages of construction. Comparatively, South African universities have made remarkable progress in their web presence, which is at an advanced stage of development, equaling counterparts in more developed countries. The study recommends that regional webometric studies be conducted periodically in order to investigate and map the web-related developments of African universities, it concludes that African universities, though not comparable to counterparts in developed countries, can have their websites evaluated webometrically.	Kenya; Link analysis; South Africa; Universities; Webometrics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149117396	From research tool to routine test: CD38 monitoring in HIV patients	Coetzee L.M., Tay S.S., Lawrie D., Janossy G., Glencross D.K.	2009	Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry	76	6	10.1002/cyto.b.20478	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia	Coetzee, L.M., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tay, S.S., Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lawrie, D., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Janossy, G., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glencross, D.K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: CD38 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients is monitored by flow cytometry (FCM). There is however no consensus re CD38 protocols, analyses or result reporting within/ between laboratories. Internal quality control measures (QC) were established for a standardized CD38 protocol and a system proposed for reporting CD38 fluctuation in longitudinal HIV+ patient monitoring. Methods: A single-platform (SP) CD38/CD8 protocol was "piggy-backed" onto the standardized "panleucogating" CD45/CD4+ protocol. A weekly QC was established to monitor instrument stability (Flow-SETTM) and absolute cell count accuracy and reproducibility (stabilized blood product, Immuno-TrolTM). The Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of CD38 expression on CD8+-lymphocytes was monitored on both stabilized blood and HIV-control samples. Linearized MFI values were determined from biological controls, i.e. healthy donor monocytes and granulocytes, and tested as a method of reporting CD38 expression on selected HIV+ patients on ART. Results: The CD45/CD4/CD8/CD3 method for lymphocyte enumeration compared well with the CD38 protocol (CD45/CD4/CD8/CD38) with excellent similarity (±100%) and precision for absolute CD4 and CD8 counts (CVs &lt; 5%). Fluorosphere MFI- (FlowSetTM, FlowCountTM) and color compensation values were exceptionally stable over time. CD38 MFI values established on monocytes as biological control was 4.0 and &lt;2.0 for HIV-control lymphocytes. Conclusions: Monitoring FCM with fluorosphere MFI values, color compensation, and biological controls, can ensure that CD38 analyses are technologically stable. Flow cytometry is thus the preferred method to monitor fluctuations in CD38 MFI (CD38 molecules/cell) associated with HIV-disease progression and/or response to ART and has potential for application across instruments and centers. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society.	CD38; CD4; CD8; HIV infection; Panleucogating; Quality control; Standardization	CD3 antigen; CD38 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; antigen expression; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; disease course; flow cytometry; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; medical research; patient monitoring; priority journal; quality control; Antigens, CD38; Antigens, CD45; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Flow Cytometry; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; T-Lymphocyte Subsets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42449088085	Performance of the panleucogating protocol for CD4+ T cell enumeration in an HIV dedicated laboratory facility in Barbados	Sippy-Chatrani N., Marshall S., Branch S., Carmichael-Simmons K., Landis R.C., Abayomi A.	2008	Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry	74	SUPPL. 1	10.1002/cyto.b.20406	Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Capetown, South Africa; Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ladymeade Gardens, Jemmott's Lane, St. Michael, Barbados	Sippy-Chatrani, N., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados, Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ladymeade Gardens, Jemmott's Lane, St. Michael, Barbados; Marshall, S., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Branch, S., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Carmichael-Simmons, K., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Landis, R.C., Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; Abayomi, A., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados, Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Capetown, South Africa	Objective: To compare the Panleucogating (PLG) protocol with the routinely used four-color protocol for CD4+ T cell count enumeration. Design and Methods: One hundred fifty-three blood samples were randomly selected from samples received at the National HIV Laboratory for routine immunological monitoring. Samples were prepared using Coulter CYTO-STAT® tetraCHROME monoclonal antibodies and FlowCARE™ PLG CD4 reagent for four-color and PLG, respectively, and analyzed on the Beckman Coulter EPICS XL flow cytometer. The PLG protocol used a sequential gating strategy where CD4+ T cells were identified using side scatter properties of cells and CD45 staining. The four-color protocol used CD45 and CD3 to identify CD4+ T cells. Results: Absolute CD4+ T cell counts and percentages ranged from 4 to 1,285 cells/μL and 0.9 to 46.7%, respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed good correlation of PLG with the four-color protocol (absolute counts, R2 = 0.95; percentages, R2 = 0.98) over the entire range including the clinically relevant range. Bland Altman statistics revealed no bias for CD4 counts &lt;500 cells/μL and a slight underestimation by PLG for counts &gt;500 cells/μL (Bias = -32.7 cells/μL; 95% agreement limits = -151.3- +86.0). CD4+ T cell percentages were the similar over the entire range (Bias = 0.6%; 95% agreement limits = -1.97 ± 3.18). Conclusions: PLG is an accurate method for enumerating CD4+ T cells and has resulted in major cost savings to the Government of Barbados. This has implications for the sustainability of the National HIV containment program in Barbados and the other resource limited Caribbean countries. The PLG technique is now being routinely used in Barbados. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society.	CD4 T cell enumeration; Flow cytometry; Four-color gating; Panleucogating	monoclonal antibody; article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; data analysis; flow cytometry; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunological monitoring; leukocyte; linear regression analysis; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; priority journal; T lymphocyte; Barbados; cost; economics; immunology; laboratory; methodology; pathology; regression analysis; standard; Barbados; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Costs and Cost Analysis; HIV Infections; Humans; Laboratories; Regression Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849100248	Impact of ultrasound on dairy spoilage microbes and milk components	Cameron M., McMaster L.D., Britz T.J.	2009	Dairy Science and Technology	89	1	10.1051/dst/2008037	Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Cameron, M., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; McMaster, L.D., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Numerous reports in the literature suggest pasteurisation failures in the dairy industry as a possible cause for an end product with a poor quality. Ultrasonication offers the dairy industry a non-thermal alternative to pasteurisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasonication as an alternative to heat pasteurisation. Ultrasound was found to eliminate spoilage and potential pathogens to zero or to levels acceptable by South African and British milk legislation, even when initial inoculum loads of 5× higher than permitted were present before treatment. Viable cell counts of E. coli were reduced by 100% after 10.0 min of ultrasonication. The data obtained also showed that viable counts of Pseudomonas fluorescens were reduced by 100% after 6.0 min and Listeria monocytogenes was reduced by 99% after 10.0 min. An infra-red based apparatus was used to analyse raw and pasteurised milk after an ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonication did not lead to decreases in the protein or lactose content of both raw and pasteurised milk. Kjeldahl nitrogen determinations confirmed that ultrasonication had no detrimental effect on the total protein or casein content of pasteurised milk. This study indicated that ultrasonication lead to an increase in the fat concentration. This was explained by the larger surface area of the fat globules after ultrasonication, which led to an increase in light scattering as observed by the MilkoScan. Alkaline phosphatase and lactoperoxidase activities were also investigated as potential indicators of an effective ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonication was, however, found to be ineffective in deactivating both enzymes used regularly by the dairy industry as indicators of effective thermal processes. © 2009 INRA EDP Sciences.	D-value; Microorganism; Milk; Protein; Ultrasound	Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; Pseudomonas fluorescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890066618	Synthesis and evaluation of new polynuclear organometallic Ru(ii), Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) pyridyl ester complexes as in vitro antiparasitic and antitumor agents	Chellan P., Land K.M., Shokar A., Au A., An S.H., Taylor D., Smith P.J., Riedel T., Dyson P.J., Chibale K., Smith G.S.	2014	Dalton Transactions	43	2	10.1039/c3dt52090k	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton CA 95211, United States; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland	Chellan, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Land, K.M., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton CA 95211, United States; Shokar, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton CA 95211, United States; Au, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton CA 95211, United States; An, S.H., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton CA 95211, United States; Taylor, D., Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Riedel, T., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Dyson, P.J., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	New polynuclear organometallic Platinum Group Metal (PGM) complexes containing di- and tripyridyl ester ligands have been synthesised and characterised using analytical and spectroscopic techniques including 1H, 13C NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Reaction of these polypyridyl ester ligands with either [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C 5Me5)Cl2]2 dimers yielded the corresponding di- or trinuclear organometallic complexes. The polyaromatic ester ligands act as monodentate donors to each metal centre and this coordination mode was confirmed upon elucidation of the molecular structures for two of the dinuclear complexes. The di- and trinuclear PGM complexes synthesized were evaluated for inhibitory effects on the human protozoal parasites Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54 (chloroquine sensitive), Trichomonas vaginalis strain G3 and the human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant) cell lines. All of the complexes were observed to have moderate to high antiplasmodial activities and the compounds with the best activities were evaluated for their ability to inhibit formation of synthetic hemozoin in a cell free medium. The in vitro antitumor evaluation of these complexes revealed that the trinuclear pyridyl ester complexes demonstrated moderate activities against the two tumor cell lines and were also less toxic to model non-tumorous cells. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	Antiplasmodial activity; Antitumor evaluation; Coordination modes; Organo-metallic complexes; Ovarian cancer cells; Plasmodium falciparum; Platinum group metals; Spectroscopic technique; Cell culture; Chlorine compounds; Dimers; Esterification; Esters; Infrared spectroscopy; Iridium; Ligands; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Organometallics; Platinum compounds; Rhodium; Rhodium compounds; Synthesis (chemical); antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; iridium; organometallic compound; pyridine; pyridine derivative; rhodium; ruthenium; article; chemical structure; chemistry; conformation; drug effect; human; Plasmodium falciparum; solubility; synthesis; Trichomonas vaginalis; tumor cell line; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Humans; Iridium; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Organometallic Compounds; Plasmodium falciparum; Pyridines; Rhodium; Ruthenium; Solubility; Trichomonas vaginalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938919085	Polyamine quinoline rhodium complexes: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation as antiparasitic agents against Plasmodium falciparum and Trichomonas vaginalis	Stringer T., Taylor D., Guzgay H., Shokar A., Au A., Smith P.J., Hendricks D.T., Land K.M., Egan T.J., Smith G.S.	2015	Dalton Transactions	44	33	10.1039/c5dt02378e	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States	Stringer, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Taylor, D., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa; Guzgay, H., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Shokar, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States; Au, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States; Smith, P.J., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa; Hendricks, D.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Land, K.M., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	A series of mono- and bis-salicylaldimine ligands and their corresponding Rh(i) complexes were prepared. The compounds were characterised using standard spectroscopic techniques including NMR, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The salicylaldimine ligands and complexes were screened for antiparasitic activity against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum i.e. the NF54 CQ-sensitive and K1 CQ-resistant strain as well as against the G3 isolate of Trichomonas vaginalis. The monomeric salicylaldimine quinolines exhibited good activity against the NF54 strain and the dimeric salicylaldimine quinolines exhibited no cross resistance across the two strains. The binuclear 5-chloro Rh(i) complex displayed the best activity against the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite, possibly a consequence of its enhanced lipophilicity. The compounds were also screened for cytotoxicity in vitro against WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells. The monomeric salicylaldimine quinolines exhibited high selectivity towards malaria parasites compared to cancer cells, while the dimeric compounds were less selective. © 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	Cells; Diseases; Ligands; Mass spectrometry; Rhodium; Strain; Synthesis (chemical); Antiparasitic activity; Antiparasitic agents; Cytotoxicity in Vitro; Dimeric compounds; Plasmodium falciparum; Resistant strains; Salicylaldimine ligands; Spectroscopic technique; Rhodium compounds	Medical Research Council; MRC, Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549090080	Rapid phosphorus(III) ligand evaluation utilising potassium selenocyanate	Muller A., Otto S., Roodt A.	2008	Dalton Transactions	None	5	10.1039/b712782k	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Sasol Technology Research and Development, P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa	Muller, A., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Otto, S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, Sasol Technology Research and Development, P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa; Roodt, A., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Oxidative addition of SeCN- to tertiary phosphine ligands has been investigated in methanol at 298 K by use of UV-Vis stopped-flow and conventional spectrophotometry. In most cases kobsvs. [SeCN -] plots were linear with zero intercepts corresponding to a rate expression of kobs = k1[SeCN-]. Reactions rates are dependent on the electron density of the phosphorus centre with k 1 varying by five orders of magnitude from 1.34 ± 0.02 × 10-3 to 51 ± 3 mol-1 dm3 s-1 for P(2-OMe-C6H4)3 to PCy3 respectively. Activation parameters range from 27 ± 1 to 49.0 ± 1.3 kJ mol-1 for ΔH‡ and -112 ± 9 to -140 ± 3 J K-1 mol-1 for ΔS ‡ supporting a SN2 mechanism in which the initial nucleophilic attack of P on Se is rate determining. Reaction rates are promoted by more polar solvents supporting the mechanistic assignment. Reasonable linear correlations were observed between log k1vs. pKa, 1JP-Se and χd values of the phosphines. The reaction rates are remarkably sensitive to the steric bulk of the substituents, and substitution of phenyl rings in the 2 position resulted in a decrease in the reaction rate. The crystal structures of SePPh2Cy and SePPhCy2 have been determined displaying Se-P bond distances of 2.111(2) and 2.1260(8) respectively. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2008.	None	Carrier concentration; Crystal structure; Methanol; Nucleophiles; Organic solvents; Phosphorus; Potassium compounds; Rate constants; Spectrophotometry; Bond distances; Phenyl rings; Polar solvents; Reactions rates; Ligands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897556744	In situ generation of a high-performance Pd-polypyrrole composite with multi-functional catalytic properties	Choudhary M., Islam R.U., Witcomb M.J., Mallick K.	2014	Dalton Transactions	43	17	10.1039/c3dt53567c	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa; DST, NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Choudhary, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa; Islam, R.U., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa; Witcomb, M.J., DST, NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Mallick, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa	We report on a bottom up approach for the synthesis of a Pd-polypyrrole nanocomposite material. The composite material was characterized by means of different techniques, such as UV-vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy, which offered information about the chemical structure of the polymer, whereas electron microscopy images provided information regarding the morphology of the composite material and the distribution of the metal particles in the polymer matrix. During the synthesis of the nanocomposite, the Pd nanoparticles act as a catalyst for a model proton-coupled electron transfer reaction. The Pd-polypyrrole nanocomposite material was also used as a catalyst for the electro-catalytic detection of tryptophan, a precursor for some neurotransmitters. This journal is © the Partner Organisations 2014.	None	Amino acids; Catalysts; Nanocomposites; Polypyrroles; Bottom up approach; Catalytic properties; Electron microscopy images; Multi-functional; PD nano particle; Proton-coupled electron transfer reactions; Situ generation; Structure of the polymers; Composite materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052520147	Evaluation of ligand effects in the modified cobalt hydroformylation of 1-octene. Crystal structures of [Co(L)(CO)3]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3)	Bungu P.N., Otto S.	2011	Dalton Transactions	40	36	10.1039/c1dt10581g	Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free Sate, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Bungu, P.N., Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Otto, S., Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free Sate, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	A series of phosphine ligands with different electronic and steric properties were evaluated at fully modified conditions in cobalt catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene. The steric demand of the ligands was based on the Tolman cone angle model covering a range of 132-175°. The electron donating ability was evaluated through the first order Se-P coupling constants as determined from the corresponding phosphine selenides covering a range of 672-752 Hz. Crystal structures of three phosphine modified cobalt dimers, [Co(CO)3(L)]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3 with PA-C5 = 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-pentyl-2,4,6- trioxa-8-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane), are reported. The Phoban and Lim ligands (Phoban = mixture of 9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1 and 4.2.1]nonane, Lim = 4,8-dimethyl-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) resulted in systems about twice as active as most of the other ligands investigated, these ligands have a high Lewis basicity with 1JSe-P values from 684-687 Hz. The linearity of the alcohol product in general decreased for the less electron donating ligands while no clear relationship was evident as a function of steric size. The parallel competing hydrogenation of 1-octene to octane varied from 9-15% for a cone angle range of 132-172°, but a sharp increase of up to 40% was observed for PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3, all with cone angles &gt; 169°. The catalytic behaviour provides evidence that is contrary to the dissociative substitution of CO by an alkene as the rate limiting step in all cases. For large symmetrical ligands, such as PA-C 5, PCy3 and PCyp3 the rate limiting step may move within the catalytic cycle and may now be situated at the carbonylation step where the chemoselectivity is also determined. The lack of clear correlation between the steric and electronic effect of the ligands and all catalytic parameters may serve as additional proof that the same system, especially in terms of the rate determining step, is not operative in all cases. The Phoban and Lim systems are superior with the highest reactivity and lowest alkene loss through hydrogenation. The unsymmetrical nature of the Phoban and Lim ligands may provide flexibility to adopt geometries inducing both high and low steric crowding, which may be a reason for its beneficial catalytic properties. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	1-octene; Catalytic behaviour; Catalytic cycles; Catalytic properties; Chemo-selectivity; Cone angle; Coupling constants; Electron-donating ability; Electron-donating ligands; Electronic effects; First order; Lewis basicity; Ligand effect; Modified conditions; Phosphine ligands; Phosphine selenides; Rate determining step; Rate-limiting steps; Sharp increase; Steric crowding; Steric properties; Tolman cone angle; Carbonylation; Cobalt; Hydroformylation; Hydrogenation; Hydroxylation; Olefins; Paraffins; Phosphorus compounds; Photodissociation; Selenium compounds; Ligands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861323693	Preparation and structures of aryloxy- and alkoxy-Ti(IV) complexes and their evaluation in ethylene oligomerisation and polymerisation	Suttil J.A., McGuinness D.S., Pichler M., Gardiner M.G., Morgan D.H., Evans S.J.	2012	Dalton Transactions	41	22	10.1039/c2dt11737a	School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Suttil, J.A., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; McGuinness, D.S., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Pichler, M., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Gardiner, M.G., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Morgan, D.H., Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Evans, S.J., Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	A range of aryloxy and alkoxy ligands, both monodenate and chelating, have been coordinated to Ti(iv) to yield complexes of the form [Ti(OAr) 2Cl 2], [Ti(ROO)Cl 3] and [Ti(ROO) 2Cl 2] (R = aryl, alkyl). The complexes vary in their Lewis base solvation and/or aggregation state, as revealed by X-ray crystallography of selected examples. The complexes have been evaluated as catalysts for ethylene oligomerisation and polymerisation following activation with alkylaluminium reagents (AlEt 3, methylaluminoxane). While polyethylene is the major product, ethylene oligomers also result, ranging from dimers to higher oligomers. The results indicate a number of different active species are formed upon activation, with oligomers likely arising through a metallacyclic mechanism. The findings are discussed in the context of the commercial Alphabutol dimerisation system [Ti(OR) 4], and the development of group 4 based ethylene trimerisation catalysts. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	Active species; Aggregation state; Aryloxy; Group 4; Lewis base; Methylaluminoxane; Selected examples; Catalysts; Coordination reactions; Dimers; Ethylene; Oligomerization; Polymerization; X ray crystallography; Chlorine compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878737629	Synthesis of Ti(iv) complexes of donor-functionalised phenoxy-imine tridentates and their evaluation in ethylene oligomerisation and polymerisation	Suttil J.A., Shaw M.F., McGuinness D.S., Gardiner M.G., Evans S.J.	2013	Dalton Transactions	42	25	10.1039/c3dt32465f	School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Suttil, J.A., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Shaw, M.F., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; McGuinness, D.S., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Gardiner, M.G., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Evans, S.J., Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	A number of analogues of the Mitsui Chemicals ethylene trimerisation system (IV) have been explored, in which one of the donor atoms have been modified. Thus, a series of mono-anionic tridentate phenoxy-imine (3-(t-butyl)-2-(OH)- C6H4CN(C(CH3)2CH2OMe) 1, 3-(adamantyl)-2-(OH)-C6H4CN(2′-(2′′- (SMe)C6H4)-C6H4) 2, 3-(t-butyl)-2-(OSiMe3)-C6H4CN(C(CH 3)2CH2OMe) 3) or phenoxy-amine (3,5-di(t-butyl)-2-(OH)-C6H4CH2-N(2′- (2′′-(OMe)C6H4)-C6H4) 4) ligands have been prepared and reacted with TiCl4 or TiCl 4(thf)2 to give the mono-ligand complexes 5-7. The solid state structures of compounds 4-6 have been determined. Complexes 5-7 have been tested for their potential as ethylene oligomerisation/polymerisation systems in conjunction with MAO activator and benchmarked against the Mitsui phenoxy-imine trimerisation system IV. While the phenoxy-amine complex 6 shows a propensity for polymer formation, the phenoxy-imine complexes 5 and 7 show somewhat increased formation of short chain LAOs. Complex 5 is selective for 1-butene in the oligomeric fraction, while 7 displays liquid phase selectivity to 1-hexene. As such 7, which is a sulfur substituted analogue of the Mitsui system IV, displays similar characteristics to the parent catalyst. However, its utility is limited by the lower activity and predominant formation of polyethylene. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	1-Hexene; Donor atoms; Liquid Phase; Mitsui Chemicals; Phenoxy-imine; Polymer formation; Solid-state structures; Ti complexes; Butenes; Complexation; Ethylene; Nitrogen compounds; Oligomerization; Oligomers; Phenoxy resins; ethylene; ethylene derivative; imine; organometallic compound; phenol derivative; phenoxyl radical; titanium; article; chemical structure; chemistry; polymerization; synthesis; Ethylenes; Imines; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Phenols; Polymerization; Titanium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941279506	The impact of learning by thought on violations of independence and coalescing	Birnbaum M.H., Schmidt U.	2015	Decision Analysis	12	3	10.1287/deca.2015.0316	Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States; Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, Germany; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany; Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Birnbaum, M.H., Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States; Schmidt, U., Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, Germany, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper reports results from a repeated experiment on decision making under risk where subjects must address the same choice problems in several rounds. We investigate how behavior changes in the course of the experiment. The design focuses on choice problems allowing for direct tests of independence and coalescing. We show that inconsistencies in responses as well as violations of independence and coalescing decrease from earlier to later rounds. Our results provide evidence in favor of expected utility in conjunction with the discovered preference hypothesis. © 2015 INFORMS.	Coalescing; Errors; Experiment; Independence axiom; Splitting effects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949110577	The impact of female employment on fertility in Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togó)	Beguy D.	2009	Demographic Research	20	None	10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.7	African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Center, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, 00100 - GPO Nairobi, Kenya	Beguy, D., African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Center, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, 00100 - GPO Nairobi, Kenya	This paper investigates the impact of female employment on fertility in two urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa: Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togo). The hypothesis that wage employment and maternal obligations are incompatible seems to be corroborated in Lomé, where women are likely to consider work as a legitimate alternative to their role as a mother or spouse. Being involved in economic activity is a real option and can therefore impact upon their reproductive life. By contrast, in Dakar working does not seem to hinder family formation. Greater involvement of women in the labour force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Dakar. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider social gender-specific roles in order to accurately determine the influence of female employment on reproductive life.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745726656	Modelling the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa and the likely impact of interventions	Johnson L.F., Dorrington R.E.	2006	Demographic Research	14	None	10.4054/DemRes.2006.14.22	Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Johnson, L.F., Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Dorrington, R.E., Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This paper describes an approach to incorporating the impact of HIV/AIDS and the effects of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programmes into a cohort component projection model of the South African population. The modelled HIV-positive population is divided into clinical and treatment stages, and it is demonstrated that the age profile and morbidity profile of the HIV-positive population is changing significantly over time. HIV/AIDS is projected to have a substantial demographic impact in South Africa. Prevention programmes - social marketing, voluntary counselling and testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and improved treatment for sexually transmitted diseases - are unlikely to reduce AIDS mortality significantly in the short term. However, more immediate reductions in mortality can be achieved when antiretroviral treatment is introduced. © 2006 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.	Antiretroviral treatment; Demographic impact; HIV/AIDS prevention; Simulation model; South Africa	None	None
WoS	WOS:000263321100001	The impact of female employment on fertility in Dakar (Senegal) and Lome (Togo)	Beguy, Donatien	2009	DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH	20	None	10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.7	African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	None	This paper investigates the impact of female employment on fertility in two urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa: Dakar ( Senegal) and Lome ( Togo). The hypothesis that wage employment and maternal obligations are incompatible seems to be corroborated in Lome, where women are likely to consider work as a legitimate alternative to their role as a mother or spouse. Being involved in economic activity is a real option and can therefore impact upon their reproductive life. By contrast, in Dakar working does not seem to hinder family formation. Greater involvement of women in the labour force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Dakar. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider social gender-specific roles in order to accurately determine the influence of female employment on reproductive life.	,MODELS,"WOMENS EMPLOYMENT",WORK	None	None
None	None	Reporting Errors in Siblings' Survival Histories and Their Impact on Adult Mortality Estimates: Results From a Record Linkage Study in Senegal	Helleringer S., Pison G., Kanté A.M., Duthé G., Andro A.	2014	Demography	51	2	10.1007/s13524-013-0268-3	Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Helleringer, S., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States; Pison, G., Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Kanté, A.M., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Duthé, G., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States, Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Andro, A., Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France	Estimates of adult mortality in countries with limited vital registration (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa) are often derived from information about the survival of a respondent's siblings. We evaluated the completeness and accuracy of such data through a record linkage study conducted in Bandafassi, located in southeastern Senegal. We linked at the individual level retrospective siblings' survival histories (SSH) reported by female respondents (n = 268) to prospective mortality data and genealogies collected through a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS). Respondents often reported inaccurate lists of siblings. Additions to these lists were uncommon, but omissions were frequent: respondents omitted 3.8 % of their live sisters, 9.1 % of their deceased sisters, and 16.6 % of their sisters who had migrated out of the DSS area. Respondents underestimated the age at death of the siblings they reported during the interview, particularly among siblings who had died at older ages (≥45 years). Restricting SSH data to person-years and events having occurred during a recent reference period reduced list errors but not age and date errors. Overall, SSH data led to a 20 % underestimate of 45 q 15 relative to HDSS data. Our study suggests new quality improvement strategies for SSH data and demonstrates the potential use of HDSS data for the validation of "unconventional" demographic techniques. © 2014 Population Association of America.	Adult mortality; Data quality; Reporting errors; Senegal; Siblings' survival histories	adolescent; adult; article; female; human; information processing; male; medical record; methodology; middle aged; mortality; prospective study; qualitative research; quality control; reproducibility; Senegal; sibling; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Male; Medical Record Linkage; Middle Aged; Mortality; Prospective Studies; Qualitative Research; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Senegal; Siblings; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749044246	The impact of parental death on school outcomes: Longitudinal evidence from South Africa	Case A., Ardington C.	2006	Demography	43	3	10.1353/dem.2006.0022	Research Program in Development Studies, Princeton University, 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, South Africa; Department of Statistical Sciences, Saldru Research Associate, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Case, A., Research Program in Development Studies, Princeton University, 367 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, South Africa; Ardington, C., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, South Africa, Department of Statistical Sciences, Saldru Research Associate, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	We analyze longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance area (DSA) in KwaZulu-Natal to examine the impact of parental death on children's outcomes. The results show significant differences in the impact of mothers' and fathers' deaths. The loss of a child's mother is a strong predictor of poor schooling outcomes. Maternal orphans are significantly less likely to be enrolled in school and have completed significantly fewer years of schooling, conditional on age, than children whose mothers are alive. Less money is spent on maternal orphans' educations, on average, conditional on enrollment. Moreover, children whose mothers have died appear to be at an educational disadvantage when compared with non-orphaned children with whom they live. We use the timing of mothers' deaths relative to children's educational shortfalls to argue that mothers' deaths have a causal effect on children's educations. The loss of a child's father is a significant correlate of poor household socioeconomic status. However, the death of a father between waves of the survey has no significant effect on subsequent asset ownership. Evidence from the South African 2001 Census suggests that the estimated effects of maternal deaths on children's outcomes in the Africa Centre DSA reflect the reality for orphans throughout South Africa.	None	adolescent; article; child; death; educational status; female; human; infant; longitudinal study; male; management; newborn; parent; preschool child; South Africa; student; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Death; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Parents; Policy Making; South Africa; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449637471	Evaluation of radiographs, clinical signs and symptoms associated with pulp canal obliteration: An aid to treatment decision	Oginni A.O., Adekoya-Sofowora C.A., Kolawole K.A.	2009	Dental Traumatology	25	6	10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00819.x	Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Child Dental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Oginni, A.O., Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria; Adekoya-Sofowora, C.A., Department of Child Dental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Kolawole, K.A., Department of Child Dental Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) is a sequela of tooth trauma. The dental clinician faced with this condition has to make a difficult decision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms associated with teeth with PCO and to assess the status of the periapical tissues using the periapical index (PAI) as an aid in making a treatment decision. The study included teeth diagnosed with PCO in patients with a history of traumatic injury to the involved teeth. Histories of associated signs and symptoms including pain, swelling and drainage from a sinus tract were elicited. Tooth color, sensibility to electric pulp testing, mobility and percussion tenderness were recorded. The periapical status was assessed using the PAI. Two hundred and seventy-six teeth were diagnosed with PCO. One hundred and fifty-seven (56.9%) and 119 (43.1%) demonstrated partial or total PCO, respectively. Yellow discoloration presented most frequently, occurring in 186 (67.4%) teeth. Sixty-two (33.3%) of these had developed periapical lesions and reacted negatively to sensibility testing. Fifty-seven (30.7%) of these teeth presented radiographically with a normal periapical appearance and reacted normally to sensibility testing, whereas 67 (36.0%) presented with small changes in the periapical bone pattern and reacted in the high normal range to sensibility testing. Teeth with PAI scores ≤2 presented with occasional spontaneous pain. Teeth with PAI scores ≥3 presented with clinical symptoms and signs ranging from pain on percussion to spontaneous pain, and slight swelling to sinus tract drainage. Based on the findings of this study, endodontic treatment should be initiated in teeth with tenderness to percussion, PAI scores ≥3 and a negative response to sensibility testing.	None	article; decision making; endodontics; human; pathology; periodontium; radiography; tooth discoloration; tooth fistula; tooth injury; tooth pain; tooth pulp disease; Decision Making; Dental Fistula; Dental Pulp Calcification; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dental Pulp Test; Humans; Periapical Tissue; Root Canal Therapy; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth Injuries; Toothache	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875540845	Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of novel α-aminophosphonates	Chinnam S., Potturi C., Maddila S., Muttana V.B.R., Ediga A., Chinnam V.	2013	Der Pharma Chemica	5	1	None	Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India; Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Rama Engineering College, Tirupati, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, West Ville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban -4000, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India; Department of Chemistry, KVR College, Nandigama, India	Chinnam, S., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India; Potturi, C., Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Rama Engineering College, Tirupati, India; Maddila, S., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, West Ville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban -4000, South Africa; Muttana, V.B.R., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India; Ediga, A., Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India; Chinnam, V., Department of Chemistry, KVR College, Nandigama, India	A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of novel α-aminophosphonates 5a-j by the one-pot three component reaction of equimolar quantities of 4-amino-N-2-thiazolyl-benzenesulfonamide (Sulfathiazole) (1), dimethyl phosphite (2) and various aldehydes (4a-j) in dry toluene at reflux conditions via Kabachinik-Fields reaction in high yields (70-80%) without use of any catalyst. Their chemical structures were established by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P-NMR, mass spectral studies and elemental analyses. All the title compounds exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Dimethyl/diethyl phosphites; Kabachinik-fields reaction; Sulfathiazole	aldehyde; antifungal agent; bovastin; dimethyl (2 chlorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (2 nitrophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 chlorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 cyanophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 methoxyphenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 nitrophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 trifluoromethylphenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (4 chlorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (4 fluorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (4 nitrophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl [(3 trifluoromethyl)phenyl] [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; phosphoramidic acid derivative; streptomycin; sulfathiazole; toluene; unclassified drug; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial strain; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; catalyst; chemical reaction; controlled study; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Fusarium oxysporum; infrared spectroscopy; Kabachinik Fields reaction; nonhuman; phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Streptococcus bovis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934764742	Biological activities of (E)-N-(CH<inf>3</inf>-substituted-phenyl)-1-phenylmethanimine: Evaluation of ortho-, meta- and para- substitution effects	Mkpenie V.N., Mkpenie I.V., Essien E.E.	2015	Der Pharma Chemica	7	6	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Mkpenie, V.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Mkpenie, I.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Essien, E.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Schiff bases with ortho-, meta- and para-methyl substituents were synthesized by thecondensation of appropriatearomatic amines (o-, m- and p-toluidine) with benzaldehyde. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. The sensitivity of thebacteria and fungi was evaluated bymeasuring the zones of inhibition exhibited by the microorganisms against the tested compounds using disk diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the methyl group substituted at meta and para positions exhibited more antifungal and antibacterial activities compared to the ortho and unsubstituted derivatives. The results showed that antifungal and antibacterial activities are affected by the position of substituents in the aryl ring of theSchiff bases.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Schiff bases; Substitution effect; Toluidine	2 methylaniline; 3 methylaniline; 4 methylaniline; aniline derivative; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; fluconazole; n (2 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n (3 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n (4 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n,1 diphenylmethanimine derivative; Schiff base; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; antifungal activity; antifungal susceptibility; Article; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; nonhuman; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; Trichophyton rubrum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857528417	Elemental evaluation of some herbal plants used in ghana using INAA	Debrah S.K., Ayivor J.E., Denutsui D., Buah-Kwofie A., Forson A., Nuviadenu C.	2011	Der Pharma Chemica	3	5	None	National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Debrah, S.K., Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Ayivor, J.E., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Denutsui, D., Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Buah-Kwofie, A., Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Forson, A., Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Nuviadenu, C., Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was employed to quantitatively study some elemental contents of some medicinal plants used for the treatment of various ailments in Ghana. The accuracy and precision of the method were guaranteed by analyzing certified reference materials under the same conditions as the samples. Various elements of biological importance for human metabolism were found to be present in varying concentrations. Potentially toxic element when exceeding RDI, Al, was also detected in the medicinal plants considered in this study. The concentrations of the various elements in the medicinal plants have been discussed in detail.	Elemental analysis; Ghana; INAA; Medicinal plants	aluminum; calcium; magnesium; manganese; potassium; sodium; accuracy; article; Astralagus membranaceus; Calendula officinalus; concentration (parameters); controlled study; echinacea pallida; Galium verum; Ghana; instrumental neutron activation analysis; medicinal plant; metabolism; neutron activation analysis; nonhuman; plant leaf; powder; quantitative study; Stevia; Uncaria tometosa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872786679	Evaluation of hormonal and physical factors responsible for male infertility in sagamu south western nigeria	Eniola O.W., Adetola A.A., Olufemi A.A., Oladipupo M.A.	2012	Der Pharmacia Lettre	4	5	None	Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	Eniola, O.W., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adetola, A.A., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Olufemi, A.A., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oladipupo, M.A., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and testosterone abnormalities are usually associated with abnormal spermatogenesis. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicule stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were estimated in sixty eight infertile men (age group 20-56 years) of at least 2 years duration of infertility, being a stepping toe into investigating the causes of infertility in the couples and before embarking on more expensive investigating procedures in the female partners. Thirty normal males (age group 27- 46 years) of the same socioeconomic status were selected as control group. Clinical examination was carried out on all the subjects and information about age and history of infertility in the family was obtained. Results showed that 14 (20.6%) of the infertile men were azoospermic, 50 (73.5%) were oligozoospermic and 4 (5.9%) were normospermic. Using the physical factors, 32 physical challenges were observed comprising of 5 (15.6 %) hyhpoplastic testes, 1 (3.1%) testicular atrophy and 26 (81.3 %) varicocele. There was a statistically significant (p> 0.05) increase in the mean FSH and LH levels in all the infertile males studied when compared with the controls (n=30). However, there was no significant difference in the mean levels of testosterone between the infertile and fertile men.	Follicle stimulating hormones; Luteinizing hormones; Male infertility; Testosterone; Varicocele	follitropin; luteinizing hormone; testosterone; adult; age; article; azoospermia; clinical examination; controlled study; disease association; disease duration; family history; hormone determination; human; hypoplasia; luteinizing hormone blood level; major clinical study; male; male infertility; Nigeria; oligospermia; outcome assessment; physical activity; semen analysis; social status; spermatozoon count; testis atrophy; testosterone blood level; varicocele	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887529874	Evaluation of cellulose obtained from maize husk as compressed tablet excipient	Gbenga B.L., Gbemi Q.W., Bamiro Oluyemisi A.	2013	Der Pharmacia Lettre	5	5	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria	Gbenga, B.L., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Gbemi, Q.W., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Bamiro Oluyemisi, A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria	Cellulose derived from Zea mays husk has been investigated as a disintegrant in a metformin tablet formulation in comparison with microcrystalline cellulose and cornstarch BP. The cellulose, extracted from Zea mays husk by a two stage sodium hydroxide treatment process followed by bleaching with sodium hypochlorite was incorporated extragranularly in metformin tablet formulation. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using crushing strength and friability tests, while the drug release properties of the tablet were evaluated using disintegration and dissolution times as assessment parameters. Maize husk cellulose has fairly good flow, absorbs at least two times its weight of water and has comparable hydration capacity to microcrystalline cellulose and cornstarch. Tablets containing higher concentrations (5.0 %w/w and above) of maize husk cellulose generally conformed to official standard by showing friability values of 1% or less. Tablets formulated with maize husk cellulose had comparable mechanical strength to tablets made from cornstarch and microcrystalline cellulose. Metformin tablets containing maize husk cellulose disintegrated within 5 minutes at all concentrations and showed significantly (p&lt; 0.01) lower values of disintegration times than those of cornstarch and microcrystalline cellulose. The disintegration time generally decreases with increased concentration of the maize husk cellulose while T50 and T80 increase with increased disintegrant concentration. The results suggest that maize husk cellulose could be useful as an alternative disintegrant to produce tablets with particular mechanical strength and drug release profile.	Cellulose; Disintegrant; Mechanical and release properties; Zea mays	cellulose; hypochlorite sodium; metformin; microcrystalline cellulose; sodium hydroxide; starch; article; bleaching; concentration (parameters); controlled study; crushing strength; drug determination; drug release; drug solubility; hydration; mechanical strength; physical chemistry; rice husk; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet property	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948655026	Physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Aponogeton natans (Linn.) Engl. & Krause-an important folklore medicine	Dash S., Kanungo S.K., Dinda S.C.	2015	Der Pharmacia Lettre	7	10	None	Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, Odisha, India; Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Dash, S., Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, Odisha, India; Kanungo, S.K., Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, Odisha, India; Dinda, S.C., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The objective of the present work is to carry out the physicochemical analysis of powder and to investigate the phytochemicals present in petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and methanol extracts of Aponogeton natans (Linn.) Engl. & Krause leaf with leaf stalks. Physicochemical analysis was done by determining total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash sulfated ash, extracting value, dry matter, content, moisture content, crude fiber content, foaming index and swelling index, inorganic elements and fluorescence analysis as per the standard methods. Phytochemical investigations were carried out by using standard preliminary phytochemical tests for the different active constituents present in the plant. From the physicochemical investigation, it was found that the Aponogeton natans (Linn.) leaf and leaf stalks have 5.13± 0.06, 1.33± 0.12, 1.2± 0.06, and 7.02± 0.16 as total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and sulphated ash respectively. Pet ether, chloroform, ethanol and water extractive value were found to be 2.19± 0.29, 9.23± 0.06, 15.13± 0.15 and 18.27± 0.12 respectively. Dry matter content, moisture content, crude fiber content, foaming index and swelling index were found to be 87.53± 0.47, 10.15± 0.15, 78.20± 0.22, Less than 100 and 0.79± 0.02 respectively. The inorganic element, such as iron, sulfate, chloride and nitrates were found in the aerial parts. Florescence analysis of the powder were reported which gives the sensitivity of the chemical in different chemical reagents. From the preliminary phytochemical analysis, it was found that the methanol extract contained maximum important phytoconstituents like carbohydrate, protein, phytosterol, glycoside, saponin, flavonoids and polyphenols. The information gathered from the physicochemical and phytochemical study of Aponogeton natans Linn. delivered the parameters which will serve to determine the quality of the plant material in the future. The physicochemical and phytochemical data obtained from the results of the Aponogeton natans mentioned parts might be useful in determining the authenticity of the drugs.	Aponogeton natans (Linn.); Flavonoids; Methanol extract; Physicochemical analysis; Phytochemical screening; Polyphenols	Aponogeton natans extract; carbohydrate; flavonoid; glycoside; phytosterol; plant extract; protein; saponin; unclassified drug; Alismatales; Aponogeton natans; Article; ash; calibration; concentration response; drug screening; fluorescence analysis; moisture; physical chemistry; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant stem; sensitivity analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928944900	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of novel 3-{[1-pyridin-2-yl methylene]amino}-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one analogues	Karthikeyan R., Idhayadhulla A., Manilal A., Merdekios B., Kumar R.S., Nasser A.J.A.	2015	Der Pharmacia Lettre	7	4	None	P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India	Karthikeyan, R., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Idhayadhulla, A., Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Manilal, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Merdekios, B., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Kumar, R.S., Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Nasser, A.J.A., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India	New series of 2-thioxo imidazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity and compared with Ciprofloxacin and Clotrimazole standards. 2- Thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones (3a-f) and (4a-f) were synthesized employing Mannich base method by interacting 2- thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (2) with benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide . The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains and antifungal activity against various fungal strains. Compound (3b) was highly active against S.aureus compared with standard Ciprofloxacin in antibacterial screening, and compound (4d) was highly active against A.niger compared with Clotrimazole in antifungal screening.	2-Thioximidazolidin-4-one; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Mannich base	2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 3 [(1 pyridin 2 yl methylene)amino]thioxoimidazolidin 4 one derivative; 3 [[1 pyridin 2 ylmethylene]amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 4 one; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; semicarbazide; thiosemicarbazide; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64649091129	Mulch tower treatment system Part I: Overall performance in greywater treatment	Zuma B.M., Tandlich R., Whittington-Jones K.J., Burgess J.E.	2009	Desalination	242	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.030	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Zuma, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Tandlich, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Whittington-Jones, K.J., Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Burgess, J.E., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	A mulch tower (MT) system for greywater treatment is introduced in this paper. Materials used to assemble the MT system included mulch, coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel. Limited removal efficiency of the MT system was demonstrated for alkalinity, total hardness, pH, Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, and SO42-, with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 7 to 12%. Intermediate removal efficiency was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO3-, and S2- with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 24 to 28%. The highest removal efficiency was observed for the total suspended solids (TSS) with the estimated cumulative removal equal to 52%. Given the minute residence time in the MT system, the results obtained were promising and justify scale-up studies for potential on-site applications. The MT effluent did not meet hygienic norms with respect to the faecal coliform concentration (FC) and the total coliform concentration (TC), and further effluent treatment is required before any discharge or reuse of the treated greywater. Further research should focus on characterisation of the microbial community of the MT, and the fate of Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, and SO42-. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Greywater; Mulch tower; On-site treatment	Characterisation; Chemical-oxygen demands; Coarse gravels; Coliform concentrations; Greywater; Greywater treatments; Microbial communities; Mulch tower; On-site treatment; Removal efficiencies; Residence time; Scale-Up; Site applications; Total suspended solids; Treatment systems; Alkalinity; Buildings; Chemical oxygen demand; Effluent treatment; Effluents; Oxygen; Range finding; Removal; Telluric prospecting; Towers; Wastewater treatment; Water recycling; chemical oxygen demand; estimation method; fecal coliform; microbial community; mulch; removal experiment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849188454	Evaluation of electrodialysis for the treatment of a hazardous leachate	Schoeman J.J.	2008	Desalination	224	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.090	Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schoeman, J.J., Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The chloride concentration of a hazardous leachate of approximately 22,000 mg/l is too high for the direct discharge requirement of less than 1000 mg/l into the municipal sewerage system. Electrodialysis (ED) was selected amongst various other alternative technologies for the desalination/concentration of the leachate. Lime pretreatment of the leachate was superior to caustic soda treatment for the removal of scale-forming chemicals (Ca, Ba, Sr, Fe, Mn). Membrane fouling took place during ED treatment. However, membrane fouling should be restored with polarity reversal and mechanical cleaning of the membranes. Batch ED tests have shown that ED performance remained more or less constant during eight desalination/concentration runs. The electrical energy consumption for ion transport and brine volume varied between 9.6 and 11.4 kWh/m3 feed and 17 and 35% of the treated feed, respectively. A very good quality water could be produced with ED treatment of the leachate. The electrical conductivity of the leachate could be reduced from 5,490 to 139 mS/m (97.5% removal). Chloride was reduced from 21,957 to 345 mg/l (98.4% removal). Arsenic was reduced from 8.8 to 1.37 mg/l. The capital cost for a 100 kl/d ED plant is estimated at US$ 0.600 million. Operational costs (ion transport) are estimated at US$ 0.38/m3 leachate. © 2008.	Costs; Electrodialysis; Leachate treatment; Membrane fouling	Cleaning; Desalination; Electrodialysis; Energy utilization; Fouling; Membranes; Removal; Membrane fouling; Municipal sewerage system; Leachate treatment; Cleaning; Desalination; Electrodialysis; Energy utilization; Fouling; Leachate treatment; Membranes; Removal; chloride; concentration (composition); cost; desalination; fouling; leachate; membrane; separation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349498823	Evaluation of simple methods of arsenic removal from domestic water supplies in rural communities	Awuah E., Morris R.T., Owusu P.A., Sundell R., Lindstrom J.	2009	Desalination	248	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.036	Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden	Awuah, E., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Morris, R.T., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu, P.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Sundell, R., Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden; Lindstrom, J., Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden	This study looked at two arsenic removal technologies, method Bucket Treatment Unit and removal using citrus lime, lemon and filter. The method Bucket Treatment Unit used zero-valent iron and removal using citrus lime, lemon and filter used photochemical oxidation of arsenic. The citrus lime, lemon and filter setup was found to be ineffective with its current design. The results reviewed that the method Bucket Treatment Unit was more effective and appropriate, but with clogging problems. The method Bucket Treatment Unit had between 68% and 100% arsenic removal efficiency with a 36 L/day flow rate of filtrate. The removal using photochemical oxidation of arsenic only had 8% removal efficiency. The study also reviewed that groundwater resources in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were contaminated with arsenic above the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. © 2009.	Drinking water treatment; Ghana; Indigenous technology	Arsenic removal; Arsenic removal technology; Domestic water supply; Drinking water treatment; Ghana; Indigenous technology; Photochemical oxidation; Removal efficiencies; Rural community; SIMPLE method; Treatment units; World Health Organization; Zero-valent iron; Air filters; Arsenic; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Lime; Oxidation; Potable water; Water supply; Chemicals removal (water treatment); arsenic; drinking water; filter; oxidation; pollutant removal; rural area; water treatment; Africa; Ashanti; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Citrus; Citrus limon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549145508	Performance evaluation of a refrigerant-charged integrated solar water heater in northern Nigeria	Enaburekhan J., Yakasai U.T.	2009	Desalination	243	03-Jan	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.014	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Gwarzo Road, Kano, Nigeria	Enaburekhan, J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Gwarzo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Yakasai, U.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Gwarzo Road, Kano, Nigeria	The thermal performance of the refrigerant-charged integrated solar water heater was analyzed to show its applicability in Nigeria, using data of several sunny and cloudy days. This unit, having three identical small-scale solar water heating systems using refrigerants R-134a, R12, and ethanol, was constructed and tested side by side under various environmental and load conditions in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The thermal performance was evaluated extensively throughout the months of August and September 2006; the maximum water temperature increases of 28°C, 37°C and 40°C for R12, ethanol and R-134a were attained at about 14:00 h respectively, while the maximum collection efficiencies computed were 40.63%, 50.78% and 56.59% for R12, ethanol and R-134a respectively. Best performance was obtained using R134a, probably due to its higher latent heat, higher liquid thermal conductivity, and lower viscosity and high surface tension to improve capillary pumping. This reveals a good capability of the system to convert solar energy to heat which can be used for heating water in northern Nigeria. © 2009.	Heat-pipe solar collector; Phase-change; Refrigerant-charged solar collector; Solar water heating	Capillary pumping; Cloudy days; Collection efficiencies; Heat-pipe solar collector; Integrated solar water heaters; Load conditions; Nigeria; Northern Nigeria; Performance evaluations; Phase-change; Refrigerant-charged solar collector; Solar water heating; Solar water heating systems; Thermal performance; Water temperatures; Ethanol; Heat pipes; Heating; Heating equipment; Mixed convection; Refrigerants; Solar collectors; Solar heating; Solar water heaters; Surface tension; Solar energy; equipment; heating; performance assessment; thermal conductivity; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349490406	Impact of wastewater discharge in Jimma, Ethiopia, and remediation possibilities	Van der Bruggen B., Smets I.Y., Haddis A.	2009	Desalination	248	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.108	K.U. Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, W. de Croylaan 46, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Van der Bruggen, B., K.U. Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, W. de Croylaan 46, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Smets, I.Y., K.U. Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, W. de Croylaan 46, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Haddis, A., Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Discharge of liquid and solid waste from Jimma town has resulted in a gradual degradation of the quality of the river water feeding the Gilgel Gibe dam, which was constructed for the development of the hydroelectric potential of the Gilgel Gibe River. In general, wastewater is not treated, which makes the use of river water problematic. In addition, the region around the dam mainly consists of farmlands; runoff from the fields results in pollution by pesticides, including DDT. The current situation of waste(water) production in and around Jimma (including the campus of Jimma University) will be discussed, along with the expected impact on the water quality in the Gilgel Gibe reservoir. Possibilities for remediation will be discussed. © 2009.	Awetu; Boye Pond; Gilgel Gibe; Pollution; Remediation; Siltation; Wastewater	Awetu; Boye Pond; Current situation; Ethiopia; Gilgel Gibe; Gradual degradation; Hydroelectric potential; River water; Siltation; Wastewater discharge; Dams; Reservoirs (water); Rivers; Solid wastes; Wastewater; Water pollution; Water quality; Wastewater treatment; remediation; river discharge; river water; siltation; wastewater; water pollution; water quality; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Gilgel Gibe River; Jimma; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30044433053	Evaluation of electrodialysis for the treatment of an industrial solid waste leachate	Schoeman J.J., Steyn A., Makgae M.	2005	Desalination	186	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.061	University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Schoeman, J.J., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa; Steyn, A., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa; Makgae, M., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa	A hazardous leachate from an industrial landfill site is stored in lined dams. The TDS (approximately 100 g/l) and the organic concentration (approximately 70 g/l COD) of the leachate are high. The high TDS concentration of the leachate would make treatment with reverse osmosis (RO) very difficult. The leachate also contains high concentrations of iron, manganese, barium, strontium and phenolics. This leachate has the potential to pollute the water environment, if the dams overflow. Therefore, electrodialysis (ED) was evaluated as an alternative technology to desalinate/concentrate the leachate for effluent volume reduction and pollution control. Physical/chemical pretreatment of the leachate with fly ash and chemicals have shown that the fouling potential of the leachate for membrane systems could be significantly reduced. The AFN anionic membrane from Tokuyama Soda was found to be the most resistant anionic membrane towards membrane fouling during tests in a membrane fouling test cell. This membrane was then used in a laboratory-scale ED stack to evaluate the process for treatment of the leachate. It was found that the leachate could be effectively desalinated/concentrated with ED. The desalinated effluent was significantly less toxic and more biodegradable than the ED feed or brine which comprised approximately 38% of the treated leachate. It also appears that it should be possible to control membrane fouling with regular membrane cleanings. Electrodialysis pilot tests were finally conducted in the batch and feed-and-bleed modes to develop process design criteria for a full-scale application. It was found that an excellent quality water could be produced with batch ED treatment followed by RO desalination. The treated water is almost of potable quality (645 mg/l TDS) except for high COD (935 mg/l). Feed-and-bleed ED pilot tests have shown that the TDS of the leachate could be reduced from 116,255 mg/l to 2,435 mg/l (5 stage ED). Brine volume comprised approximately 41% of the treated leachate. The capital cost of an 80 kl/d (feed) ED plant is estimated at 2.38 million US$. Operational costs are estimated at 28.96 US$/kl. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electrodialysis; Leachate characterisation; Leachate treatment; Membrane characteristics; Membrane fouling; Pollution control; Reverse osmosis; Treatment costs; Volume reduction	Industrial waste treatment; Leachate treatment; Membranes; Pollution control; Reverse osmosis; Solid wastes; Leachate characterisation; Membrane characteristics; Membrane fouling; Treatment costs; Volume reduction; Electrodialysis; electrodialysis; filtration; leachate; membrane	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942365769	Successful scale-up performance of a novel papaya-clay combo adsorbent: up-flow adsorption of a basic dye	Unuabonah E.I., Adedapo A.O., Nnamdi C.O., Adewuyi A., Omorogie M.O., Adebowale K.O., Olu-Owolabi B.I., Ofomaja A.E., Taubert A.	2015	Desalination and Water Treatment	56	2	10.1080/19443994.2014.944572	Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Biosorption and Water Treatment Research Laborator	Unuabonah, E.I., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adedapo, A.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Nnamdi, C.O., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adewuyi, A., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Omorogie, M.O., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ofomaja, A.E., Biosorption and Water Treatment Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Taubert, A., Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Golm, Germany	Abstract: A novel low-cost papaya-clay combo adsorbent, hybrid clay (HYCA), was prepared from a combination of Carica papaya seeds and Kaolinite clay. HYCA breakthrough adsorption capacity was 35.46 mg/g for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor. In ca. 20 min, regeneration of MB dye-loaded HYCA reached at least 90% each cycle for five regeneration cycles. However, above 40°C, the HYCA adsorbent lost more than 50% of its adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. The AdDesignSTM software was used to successfully predict the breakthrough curve and scale-up performance of MB dye adsorption onto the HYCA adsorbent. The pore and surface diffusion model (PSDM) described experimental data better than the constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model. From economic assessment using the PSDM, the AdDesignSTM software predicted that 1 kg of HYCA can effectively treat 1.45 m3 (0.29 m3 each cycle) of water containing 1 mg/L of MB dye (with a treatment objective of 50 μg/L MB dye) in effluent solution in 9 h 35 min with run time of ca. 15 h in a day including time for five regeneration cycles It was further predicted that the presence of other organic pollutants in low concentrations reduce the breakthrough adsorption capacity of HYCA by 10%. Finally, the cost of preparing 1 kg of HYCA adsorbent was calculated to ≈$6.31 vs. ≈$31.25/kg for medium quality commercial activated carbon. © 2014 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.	Adsorption; Breakthrough; Cationic dye; Hybrid clay; Methylene blue; Pore and surface diffusion model; Regeneration	adsorption; breakthrough curve; diffusion; dye; kaolinite; organic pollutant; water treatment; Carica papaya	TWAS, Academy of Sciences for the Developing World; 3240245996, UNESCO, Academy of Sciences for the Developing World
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925347470	Performance evaluation of the electrolysis process for waste sludge stabilization in decentralization practices	Azizi S., Valipour A., Jamshidi S., Sithebe T.	2015	Desalination and Water Treatment	54	3	10.1080/19443994.2014.886293	Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea; Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran	Azizi, S., Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Valipour, A., Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea; Jamshidi, S., Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Sithebe, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential use of electrolysis process for waste sludge stabilization in decentralization practices by focusing on the operating parameters such as sludge composition, detention time, and electric voltage. The laboratory batch scale results show that the sludge extracted from a packed bed biofilm reactor can reach the minimum concentration of 659 mg/L volatile suspended solids (VSS) merely within 5 h detention time at an applied voltage of 2 V, whereas the most identical level is obtained from activated sludge by 7 h with 3.6 V. The soluble COD in the supernatant phase of the former process would be increased to 297 mg/L by means of 27% VSS reduction. The economical pre-estimation indicates that electrolysis is more sustainable if stand as a preconditioning stage of biological digestion by 70% capital and operating cost reduction. This configuration can also cause occupying 54% lesser footprint area of aerobic digestion with total average reduction of 56% VSS within 77 h. The biological assay on digested product was also determined with reference to the growth of Phragmites sp. plant. This study recommends the electrolysis-pretreated conditioning waste sludge followed by aerobic digestion incorporating with attached growth biological systems as a valuable process in decentralization. © 2014, © 2014 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.	Aerobic digestion; Bioassay; Electrolysis process; Stabilization; Waste sludge	Phragmites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893832088	Political Economy of Service Delivery: Monitoring Versus Contestation	Hausken K., Ncube M.	2014	Developing Economies	52	1	10.1111/deve.12035	Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; African Development Bank Group, Tunis, Tunisia; Graduate School of Business Administration, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Hausken, K., Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Ncube, M., African Development Bank Group, Tunis, Tunisia, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Many communities suffer limited public goods provision due to civil servants (doctors, teachers, etc.) supplementing their low income with moonlighting activities. Monitors of civil servants commonly also earn low salaries from monitoring and may prefer political contestation for power and prestige. We determine an internal equilibrium for how monitors strike a balance between monitoring and political contestation, and a corner solution where an unresourceful monitor does not monitor. Multiple characteristics, including the intensity of political contestation, are accounted for. Survey data from Tanzania and Senegal are used to show the significance of poor service delivery within education and healthcare services. © 2014 Institute of Developing Economies.	Conflict; Contestation; Game; Monitoring; Production; Public good; Service delivery	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61549097533	Macroeconomic performance and inequality: Brazil, 1983-94	Bittencourt M.	2009	Developing Economies	47	1	10.1111/j.1746-1049.2009.00075.x	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Bittencourt, M., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	We examine how poor macroeconomic performance, mainly in terms of high rates of inflation, affected earnings inequality in the 1980s and early 1990s in Brazil. The results, based initially on aggregate time series, and then on sub-national panel time-series data and analysis, show that the extreme inflation, combined with an imperfect process of financial adaptation and incomplete indexation coverage, had a regressive and significant impact on inequality. The implication of the results is that sound macroeconomic policies, which keep inflation low and stable in the long run, should be a necessary first step of any policy package implemented to alleviate inequality in Brazil. © Journal compilation © 2009 Institute of Developing Economies.	Brazil; Financial adaptation; Indexation; Inequality; Inflation	financial system; inflation; macroeconomics; time series analysis; Brazil; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897631156	Impact of three years training on operations capacities of research ethics committees in Nigeria	Folayan M.O., Adaranijo A., Durueke F., Ajuwon A., Adejumo A., Ezechi O., Oyedeji K., Akanni O.	2014	Developing World Bioethics	14	1	10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00340.x	Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria; New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Health Promotion, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychology,	Folayan, M.O., Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria; Adaranijo, A., New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria; Durueke, F., New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajuwon, A., Department of Health Promotion, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adejumo, A., Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ezechi, O., Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyedeji, K., University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Akanni, O., New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria	This paper describes a three-year project designed to build the capacity of members of research ethics committes to perform their roles and responsibilities efficiently and effectively. The project participants were made up of a cross-section of the membership of 13 Research Ethics Committees (RECs) functioning in Nigeria. They received training to develop their capacity to evaluate research protocols, monitor trial implementation, provide constructive input to trial staff, and assess the trial's success in promoting community engagement in the research. Following the training, technical assistance was provided to participants on an ongoing basis and the project's impacts were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results indicate that sustained investment in capacity building efforts (including training, ongoing technical assistance, and the provision of multiple tools) improved the participants' knowledge of both the ethical principles relevant to biomedical research and how effective REC should function. Such investment was also shown to have a positive impact on the knowledge levels of other RECs members (those who did not receive training) and the overall operations of the RECs to which the participants belonged. Building the capacity of REC members to fulfill their roles effectively requires sustained effort and investment and pays off by enabling RECs to fulfill their essential mission of ensuring that trials are conducted safely and ethically. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Bioethics; Committees; Developing world; Research ethics; Sub-Saharan Africa	clinical trial (topic); consumer; education; ethics; human; human experiment; methodology; needs assessment; Nigeria; professional standard; program evaluation; qualitative research; questionnaire; research ethics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consumer Participation; Ethics Committees, Research; Ethics, Research; Human Experimentation; Humans; Needs Assessment; Nigeria; Program Evaluation; Qualitative Research; Questionnaires; Research Design	None
WoS	WOS:000279725600004	TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RESEARCH ETHICS EVALUATION AMONG RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE MEMBERS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: CAMEROON, MALI AND TANZANIA	Ateudjieu, Jerome,Baume, Cedric,Hirtle, Marie,Ikingura, Joyce,Niare, Alassane,Sprumont, Dominique,Williams, John	2010	DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS	10	2	10.1111/j.1471-8847.2009.00266.x	University of Fribourg, University of Geneva, University of Neuchatel, University of Ottawa, University of Yaounde I, Malaria Res & Training Ctr	"Ateudjieu, Jerome: University of Yaounde I","Sprumont, Dominique: University of Neuchatel","Williams, John: University of Ottawa",	Background: As actors with the key responsibility for the protection of human research participants, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) need to be competent and well-resourced in order to fulfil their roles. Despite recent programs designed to strengthen RECs in Africa, much more needs to be accomplished before these committees can function optimally. Objective: To assess training needs for biomedical research ethics evaluation among targeted countries. Methods: Members of RECs operating in three targeted African countries were surveyed between August and November 2007. Before implementing the survey, ethical approvals were obtained from RECs in Switzerland, Cameroon, Mali and Tanzania. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire in English and in French. Results: A total of 74 respondents participated in the study. The participation rate was 68%. Seventy one percent of respondents reported having received some training in research ethics evaluation. This training was given by national institutions (31%) and international institutions (69%). Researchers and REC members were ranked as the top target audiences to be trained. Of 32 topics, the top five training priorities were: basic ethical principles, coverage of applicable laws and regulations, how to conduct ethics review, evaluating informed consent processes and the role of the REC. Conclusion: Although the majority of REC members in the targeted African countries had received training in ethics, they expressed a need for additional training. The results of this survey have been used to design a training program in research ethics evaluation that meets this need.	Africa,CURRICULUM,"ETHICS COMMITTEES",RESEARCH,"TRAINING PROGRAM"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549122916	The internal contradictions of global civil society - What impact on global democracy?	Fioramonti L.	2007	Development Dialogue	None	49	None	CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Johannesburg, South Africa	Fioramonti, L., CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	civil society; democracy; globalization; social movement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860800961	Corporate social responsibility performance in the Niger Delta: beyond two constitutive orthodoxies [Performances en matière de responsabilité sociale des entreprises dans le delta du Niger: audelà de deux orthodoxies constitutives]	Aaron K.K.	2011	Development in Practice	21	6	10.1080/09614524.2011.582856	Department of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Aaron, K.K., Department of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Against the background of attempts to explain the poor Corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of transnational oil corporations in the Niger Delta in the context of flawed approaches, processes and inadequate CSR packages, this paper contests not only the explanations for the failure of CSR, but the core idea that CSR is capable of engendering sustainable community development at all. Given the enormity of the development challenge in the region, corporations cannot, even with the best of intentions, make meaningful impact on host communities, mainly because of the structural constraints arising from the profit-seeking ethos which drives corporate behaviour. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Conflict and reconstruction; Governance and public policy	corporate strategy; governance approach; industrial performance; oil industry; sustainable development; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449361964	Who will guard the guardians? Amartya Sen's contribution to development evaluation	Porter S., de Wet J.	2009	Development in Practice	19	3	10.1080/09614520902807987	Development Research Unit (SALDRU), Department of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Porter, S., Development Research Unit (SALDRU), Department of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; de Wet, J., Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	An Action Learning process integrated with Sen's Capability Approach can support development agencies to formulate interventions that enhance freedom. The authors show that putting this approach into practice has important implications for the manner in which 'development' is undertaken as an ideological project. It may help to examine and challenge those who hold power in development: the guardians. This finding is the result of an emergent Action Learning process that was initiated by applying Sen's principles to focus-group interviews with women who care for people affected by HIV and AIDS. One of the findings of these focus groups was that the participants valued the process because it opened a space for them to influence the work of the implementing NGO. Essentially, they could hold the implementing agency to account. Reflection on this outcome by the agency led to important shifts in processes that are more supportive of freedom. © 2009 Oxfam GB.	Civil society; Methods; Sub-Saharan Africa	Economic Development; Economics; Freedom; Nongovernmental Organizations; Sen, Amartya; autonomy; civil society; development project; learning; project assessment; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887039805	The impact of community-based capital cash transfers on orphan schooling in Kenya [L'importance des transferts de capitaux communautaires sur la scolarisation des orphelins au Kenya]	Skovdal M., Webale A., Mwasiaji W., Tomkins A.	2013	Development in Practice	23	7	10.1080/09614524.2013.809697	Institute of Social Psychology, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom; SECOBA Consultancy, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom	Skovdal, M., Institute of Social Psychology, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom; Webale, A., SECOBA Consultancy, Nairobi, Kenya; Mwasiaji, W., Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, Nairobi, Kenya; Tomkins, A., Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom	In this article we report on a community-based capital cash transfer initiative (CCCT) in Kenya that sought to mobilise and enable HIV-affected communities to respond to the needs of orphaned and vulnerable children. With bilateral funding, the Social Services Department in Kenya provided 80 communities across ten districts with advice and resources to set up social enterprises for the support of vulnerable children. A wide range of food and income generating activities were initiated by the communities, whose produce or profits contributed to the improved school attendance and performance of orphaned children, particularly amongst girls. We conclude that CCCT is a viable strategy for improving orphan schooling in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	Aid - Capacity development, - Monitoring and evaluation; Civil society - Participation, - Partnership; Gender and diversity - Youth; Sub-Saharan Africa	capital flow; child welfare; civil society; humanitarian aid; local participation; orphan; Kenya	DFID, Department for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887059894	Pro-poor development performance of livestock projects: Analysis and lessons from projects' documentation [Résultats en matière de développement pro-pauvres des projets basés sur l'élevage: Analyse et enseignements tirés de la documentation de projets]	Wanyoike F., Baker D.	2013	Development in Practice	23	7	10.1080/09614524.2013.811470	International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Wanyoike, F., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Baker, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	The importance of livestock as a pathway out of poverty is widely recognised, but the effectiveness of pro-poor livestock development projects has been questioned. This study examines a sample of livestock development projects to draw lessons about their effectiveness and identify best practice. A large proportion of projects (60 per cent) were categorised as having not been successful. Project success is found to be positively associated with size of project, diversity of direct project beneficiaries, institution development activities in projects, and effective monitoring and evaluation activities. Lack of reliability of government partners, and inclusion of other agricultural activities together with livestock activities in projects, undermine success. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	Aid - Aid effectiveness; Labour and livelihoods - Poverty reduction	agricultural development; aid flow; development project; institutional development; livestock farming; poverty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874255771	Using participatory impact diagrams to evaluate a community development project in Kenya [Utilisation des diagrammes d'impact participatives pour évaluer un projet de développement communautaire au Kenya]	Kariuki J., Njuki J.	2013	Development in Practice	23	1	10.1080/09614524.2013.753031	International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya	Kariuki, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya; Njuki, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya	Participatory approaches for impact assessment are increasingly becoming popular with development organisations for engaging multiple stakeholders. We present our use of participatory impact diagrams as an evaluation tool within a mixed methods impact assessment of several drought-reduction interventions in Kenya. Results show that because men and women have different roles, their experiences of interventions vary. We discuss how this methodology encouraged communities to describe various intervention outcomes including unintended impacts, often overlooked by conventional impact assessment approaches. Methodological challenges included the integration of quantitative data; opportunities for its application within the wider discipline of monitoring and evaluation are considered. © 2013 Copyright International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).	Aid - Monitoring and evaluation; Aid - Aid effectiveness; Gender and diversity; Methods; Monitoring and evaluation; Sub-Saharan Africa	aid organization; assessment method; community development; development aid; drought; gender; monitoring; participatory approach; stakeholder; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61349151743	Mitigating the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural livelihoods in Southern Africa	Mutangadura G.B., Sandkjaer B.	2009	Development in Practice	19	2	10.1080/09614520802689477	United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Southern Africa Office, Lusaka, Zambia; UNECA, Sustainable Development Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mutangadura, G.B., United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Southern Africa Office, Lusaka, Zambia; Sandkjaer, B., UNECA, Sustainable Development Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A variety of interventions to mitigate the increasing impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on smallholder agricultural production and food security are currently implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. However, documentation and dissemination of such interventions is limited and patchy. Building on emerging experiences from the field, this article seeks to move beyond charting the impacts of HIV and AIDS on rural livelihoods to review existing mitigation policies and programmes, identify the challenges to mitigation, and provide suggestions for future mitigation strategies and policy priorities. The experiences cited in the article are mainly drawn from the hardest-hit regions in Southern and Eastern Africa, but they provide useful lessons for AIDS-affected rural communities in other contexts. The main conclusion is that, as current initiatives are to a large extent ad hoc and localised, there is a need for documentation, dissemination, and scaling up of existing interventions, as well as greater coherence and co-ordination in policies and programmes to extend their reach and make the most of limited resources.	Aid; Civil society; Labour and livelihoods; Social sector; Sub-Saharan Africa	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; civil society; epidemic; food security; health impact; human immunodeficiency virus; policy implementation; rural society; strategic approach; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928486612	Farmer-to-farmer extension: opportunities for enhancing performance of volunteer farmer trainers in Kenya	Kiptot E., Franzel S.	2015	Development in Practice	25	4	10.1080/09614524.2015.1029438	World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; World Agroforestry Centre and leads the Centre’s research on Rural Advisory Services, Kenya	Kiptot, E., World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Franzel, S., World Agroforestry Centre and leads the Centre’s research on Rural Advisory Services, Kenya	Farmer-to-farmer extension (FFE) is playing a complementary role to formal extension services in facilitating the spread of agricultural technologies and improving farmers’ capacities. The effectiveness and sustainability of such programmes depend on volunteer farmer trainers (VFTs) having technical skills and overcoming process-related challenges that hinder them from achieving the desired outcomes. This article uses quantitative and qualitative data collected from seven sites to explore the challenges experienced by VFTs as they share their knowledge on livestock feed innovations in a dairy development project in Kenya. Sustainable opportunities for enhancing VFTs’ performance are discussed. © 2015, © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	Aid – Capacity development; Environment (built and natural) – Agriculture; Labour and livelihoods; Methods; Sub-Saharan Africa	agricultural extension; agricultural technology; farmers knowledge; sustainability; training; voluntary approach; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53549093601	The linkages between FDI and domestic investment: Unravelling the developmental impact of foreign investment in sub-Saharan Africa	Ndikumana L., Verick S.	2008	Development Policy Review	26	6	10.1111/j.1467-7679.2008.00430.x	African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia; UN Economic Commission for Africa and IZA, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ndikumana, L., African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia; Verick, S., UN Economic Commission for Africa and IZA, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	While the recent increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) to African countries is a welcome development, the impact of these resource inflows on economic development remains in doubt. This article argues that a key channel is its effects on domestic factor markets, especially domestic investment, and analyses the two-way linkages between FDI and domestic investment in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggest, first, that FDI crowds in domestic investment and, secondly, that private investment is a driver of FDI, implying that African countries will gain much from improving the domestic climate. Moreover, there are alternatives to resource endowments as a means of attracting foreign investment to non-resource-rich countries. © 2008 Overseas Development Institute.	FDI; Privatein vestment; Public investment; Sub-Saharan Africa	capital flow; economic development; economic impact; foreign direct investment; private sector; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303266	The impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives: Freedom of information	Calland R., Bentley K.	2013	Development Policy Review	31	S1	10.1111/dpr.12020	Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa; DGRU, South Africa	Calland, R., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa; Bentley, K., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa	Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has been hampered by lack of systematic evidence and conceptual confusion about what kind of right it represents. This article discusses some of the main conceptual parameters of FOI theory, before reviewing the available evidence from a range of studies. It presents case studies of civil-society activism on FOI in India and South Africa to illustrate the extent to which access to information is having an impact, in particular on socio-economic conditions. After reviewing the range of approaches used, it concludes that the academic community and the FOI community of practice need to come together to devise robust and rigorous methodologies. © 2013 Overseas Development Institute.	Access to information; Effectiveness; Freedom of information; Impact	accountability; civil society; conceptual framework; socioeconomic conditions; India; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349100666	National AIDS Commissions in Africa: Performance and emerging challenges	Morah E., Ihalainen M.	2009	Development Policy Review	27	2	10.1111/j.1467-7679.2009.00442.x	UNEP, UN-Habitat; UNAIDS Country Office, P.O. Box 30218-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Morah, E., UNEP, UN-Habitat; Ihalainen, M., UNAIDS Country Office, P.O. Box 30218-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	This article consolidates and expands on evidence on how National AIDS Commissions (NACs) in sub-Saharan Africa are measuring up to expectations that drove their rapid adoption across the continent. While their overall performance seems reasonably good, most NACs still lack adequate power and incentive structures to hold line ministries accountable, a key requirement for co-ordinating activities and mainstreaming HIV-AIDS across the public sector. Second-generation African NACs urgently need the authority and institutional stature to effectively co-ordinate the channelling of the larger funds now available through government bureaucracy. The evolution of the epidemic also imposes requirements different from those when the current NAC architecture was crafted. © 2009 Overseas Development Institute.	Africa; AIDS; HIV; NACs	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; bureaucracy; epidemic; human immunodeficiency virus; institutional framework; performance assessment; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886290654	Environmental Impact Assessment in Kenya	Biamah E.K., Kiio J., Kogo B.	2013	Developments in Earth Surface Processes	16	None	10.1016/B978-0-444-59559-1.00018-9	Water Systems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; Environmental and Biosystems Engineer, Norken Consult, Kenya	Biamah, E.K., Water Systems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Kiio, J., Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; Kogo, B., Environmental and Biosystems Engineer, Norken Consult, Kenya	In Kenya, environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been used to ensure that environmental management is integrated into project planning and decision-making with a view of achieving ecologically sustainable development. Best-practice EIA identifies environmental risks, lessens resource use conflicts by promoting community participation, minimizes adverse environmental effects, informs decision-makers, and helps lay the base for environmentally sound projects. In the integration of an EIA, due considerations are made in all stages of a project, from exploration and planning through construction, operations, decommissioning, and beyond site closure. Therefore, this chapter brings out an in-depth understanding of the EIA in the Kenyan context. Some of the key issues looked into are the goals and principles of the EIA, the EIA process, public consultation and participation in environmental assessment, social dimensions in environmental assessment, and the legislative and regulatory framework for environmental management in Kenya. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Assessment; Consultation; Development; Environment; Impact; Integration; Participation; Planning; Social; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888319054	Ozone concentrations and their potential impacts on Vegetation in Southern Africa	Laakso L., Beukes J.P., Van Zyl P.G., Pienaar J.J., Josipovic M., Venter A., Jaars K., Vakkari V., Labuschagne C., Chiloane K., Tuovinen J.-P.	2013	Developments in Environmental Science	13	None	10.1016/B978-0-08-098349-3.00020-7	Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cape Point GAW Observatory, ZAFn Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Sustainability and Innovation, Environmental Sciences Department, Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa	Laakso, L., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Beukes, J.P., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Zyl, P.G., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pienaar, J.J., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Josipovic, M., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Venter, A., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Jaars, K., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Vakkari, V., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Labuschagne, C., Cape Point GAW Observatory, ZAFn Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Chiloane, K., Sustainability and Innovation, Environmental Sciences Department, Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tuovinen, J.-P., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland	The tropospheric ozone concentrations over southern Africa are relatively high due to large precursor emissions from biomass burning, vegetation and anthropogenic sources and the intensity of solar radiation. In this study, we summarize ozone concentration data from both literature and new measurements. Further, we present data on the accumulated vegetation exposure to ozone in terms of the AOT40 index, which is calculated for the sites with hourly ozone and radiation data, with an aim to assess the potential for adverse effects on vegetation. As the seasonal variation of ozone concentrations is large, we discuss the effect of growing season onset on the stomatal gas exchange and the related potential for vegetation impacts. Finally, future research needs are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Air pollution; AOT40; South Africa; Tropospheric ozone; Vegetation impacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59749097626	The impact of exchange rate movements on employment: The economy-wide effect of a rand appreciation	Ngandu S.N.C.	2009	Development Southern Africa	26	1	10.1080/03768350802640180	Centre for Poverty, Employment and Growth, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Ngandu, S.N.C., Centre for Poverty, Employment and Growth, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	There has been some debate on the impact of exchange rate volatility and levels in South Africa. This is a particular concern as South Africa needs to dramatically expand sustainable employment and at the same time raise value-added in its production of goods and services. These are not necessarily complementary objectives for a mineral-exporting economy. Using a computable general equilibrium model, with the appreciation induced by a commodity price boom, this paper analyses the possible impact of an appreciation of the rand on employment. The intention is to identify the impact on both aggregate employment and sectoral output. Although the economy does well as a result of the commodity boom, the results indicate the potential for 'Dutch Disease' - type effects. Almost all traded sectors are negatively affected, while the non-traded sectors experience a boost as a result of the appreciation.	None	commodity price; computable general equilibrium analysis; currency market; economic impact; employment; exchange rate; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930571206	Impacts of new universities on hosting cities and the implications for Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa	Kleinsmith D., Horn A.	2015	Development Southern Africa	32	4	10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039712	Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Kleinsmith, D., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Horn, A., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa	This research investigated the impact of the establishment of a new university on hosting cities by reviewing the literature on such impacts. The aim of the article is to establish the likely impact of a new university (Sol Plaatjie University) to be established in the city of Kimberley during 2014. The study found that generally a university could impact its hosting city in terms of its local economy, employment, human capital, social character and real-estate market. Given the current characteristics and demographic profile of Kimberley, it is likely that positive impacts of a new university in Kimberley would include increased spending capacity in the local economy and short-term employment gains during construction of the university infrastructure. The proposed university could, however, exacerbate the existing pressure on the rental market in Kimberley and encourage the out-migration of specific skilled professionals. The research concludes with a number of steps to be taken by a hosting city that could contribute to strengthening a university's role as an anchor for urban development. © 2015 Government Technical Advisory Centre (GTAC).	demographic impact; Kimberley; local economic impact; Northern Cape; university	demography; economic impact; employment; human capital; local economy; university sector; urban development; Kimberley [Northern Cape]; Northern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954399107	Comprehensive Community Initiative: Evaluation of a transformation system in Mhakwe community in Zimbabwe	Tirivanhu P., Matondi P.B., Groenewald I.	2015	Development Southern Africa	32	6	10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063983	Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Ruzivo Trust, 28 Greendale Drive, Harare, Zimbabwe	Tirivanhu, P., Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Matondi, P.B., Ruzivo Trust, 28 Greendale Drive, Harare, Zimbabwe; Groenewald, I., Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This article explores community perceptions on implementation and impacts of the Mhakwe Comprehensive Community Initiative (CCI) in Mhakwe Ward, Zimbabwe. A mixed-methods research methodology was adopted. Qualitative data were collected from action research, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a random cluster sample, and were analysed using SPSS and Stata with binomial logistic regression to determine factors significantly affecting selected variables and the chi-square test for independence to determine association between variables. Thematic reviews were utilised to analyse qualitative data. Community perceptions on issues affecting multi-stakeholder collaborations, ownership, and control, internal and external enabling factors were explored. The article concludes that leadership development, strengthening family institutions, enhancing ownership and building capacity of local institutions to coordinate such initiatives are fundamental building blocks for CCIs. This article recommends CCIs as a practical framework for empowering marginalised communities. © 2015 Government Technical Advisory Centre (GTAC).	Comprehensive Community Initiative; Mhakwe; Mixed-methods research; Perceptions; Zimbabwe	capacity building; community development; empowerment; local participation; perception; research method; stakeholder; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883464939	Modelling the impact of the 'fast track' land reform policy on Zimbabwe's maize sector	Kapuya T., Meyer F.H., Kirsten J.F.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.797232	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Kapuya, T., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Meyer, F.H., Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Kirsten, J.F., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Zimbabwe has recently gone through a widely criticised land reform process that is argued to be the cause of subdued agricultural production. This paper attempts to present a counterfactual picture of the maize market in Zimbabwe had land reform been managed appropriately. The counterfactual is developed through a partial equilibrium framework in order to quantify the impact of the land reform programme. This, to our knowledge, is the first attempt at applying a partial equilibrium framework to an analysis of the impact of land reform. The results of the post-2000 land reform policy simulation showed that actual total maize output was lower than what could have been produced if it was under a pre-2000 land reform system. The study validates the assertion that land reforms contributed to the contraction of output. These results suggest the need for a well planned and executed land reform process, which can still play an important role in output growth and food security. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	land reform policy; maize; partial equilibrium model; Zimbabwe	agricultural production; land reform; maize; modeling; policy approach; reform process; Zimbabwe; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861502765	The impact of agricultural innovation system interventions on rural livelihoods in Malawi	Mapila M.A.T.J., Kirsten J.F., Meyer F.	2012	Development Southern Africa	29	2	10.1080/0376835X.2012.675699	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Mapila, M.A.T.J., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Kirsten, J.F., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meyer, F., Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This study, conducted in central Malawi, assessed the way a research intervention using an agricultural innovation system affected rural livelihoods. Propensity score matching was used to establish one village as a control, against which the impact of the intervention on two study villages [0]could be measured. Using the Enabling Rural Innovation intervention as a case study, it was established that rural livelihood outcomes pertaining to crop and livestock production, household income, asset ownership and fertiliser use were significantly improved by this intervention. In-depth analysis, however, demonstrated that although the participating households had more robust livelihoods during the intervention, when the research programme was phased out the effect was reduced. The authors recommend that local agricultural extension officers should receive more capacity building and budgetary support to ensure proper understanding of agricultural innovation systems concepts and correct application so as to sustain their positive effects. © 2012 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	agricultural innovation systems; enabling rural innovation; impact evaluation; Malawi; rural livelihoods	capacity building; crop production; farming system; innovation; livestock farming; rural area; Malawi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864987055	The impact of gender on SME characteristics and access to debt finance in South Africa	Garwe D.K., Fatoki O.	2012	Development Southern Africa	29	3	10.1080/0376835X.2012.706040	Department of Business Management, University of Fort Har, South Africa; Department of Business Management, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Garwe, D.K., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Har, South Africa; Fatoki, O., Department of Business Management, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	This study aimed to determine whether South African small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are affected by gender differences in demand for debt and its availability. It also looked at whether there are gender differences in the firm and entrepreneurial characteristics of SMEs. The study was conducted by means of a survey using a self-administered questionnaire and statistical analyses that included descriptive statistics, a t-test and a logistic regression. Significant gender differences were found in SMEs' demand for debt finance but only insignificant differences in availability. The findings also revealed significant gender differences in some of the firm and entrepreneurial characteristics of SMEs. It appears that for SME owners in South Africa gender differences exist in the demand for debt finance but not in its availability. The policy recommendation is that commercial banks, government agencies and non-governmental organisations should aim to help and encourage female SME owners to apply for debt finance. © 2012 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	debt; entrepreneurial characteristics; firm; gender; small and medium enterprises (SMEs)	debt; demand analysis; entrepreneur; financial system; firm size; gender issue; gender relations; regression analysis; small and medium-sized enterprise; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901468604	Dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and small and medium enterprise performance in emerging economies	Le Roux I., Bengesi K.M.K.	2014	Development Southern Africa	31	4	10.1080/0376835X.2014.913474	Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Le Roux, I., Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Bengesi, K.M.K., Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The removal of trade barriers has encouraged the entry of new competitors into formerly protected markets. This situation creates pressure on many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies such as Tanzania. Using a survey method and cross-sectional research design, the research examines three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), namely: pro-activeness, risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness. Understanding their relationships and variance may help to improve our ability to explain SME performance. The findings contribute to how SME performance in emerging economies can be enhanced to enable SMEs to face challenges posed by competitor influx in the context of an open market economy. The findings indicate a strong relationship between EO dimensions and performance, with risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness moderating the effect of pro-activeness. The proposed model could predict 72% of the variance explained in SME performance. © 2014 © 2014 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	emerging economies; entrepreneurial; entrepreneurial orientation dimensions; performance; small business	None	None
None	None	Taxation in the Tanzanian gold sector: Overview of impacts and possible solutions	Magai P.S., Márquez-Velázquez A.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	2	10.1080/0376835X.2013.797225	Department of General Management, University of Dar es Salaam, Business School, PO Box 35046, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; DAAD Partnership on Economic Development Studies, HTW Berlin, University of Applied, Hoenower Straße 34, Berlin, 10318, Germany	Magai, P.S., Department of General Management, University of Dar es Salaam, Business School, PO Box 35046, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Márquez-Velázquez, A., DAAD Partnership on Economic Development Studies, HTW Berlin, University of Applied, Hoenower Straße 34, Berlin, 10318, Germany	This paper analyses the factors that reduce the gold sector's contribution to the Tanzanian government's revenue. Tanzania is among Africa's largest gold exporters. Yet ordinary Tanzanians have seen little benefit from this. This is partly because the government has enacted tax laws that are, as we shall see, overly favourable to multinational mining companies, and partly because of the same companies' business practices. Critics argue that the government fails to capture a substantial amount of state revenue as a result of low royalty rates, unpaid corporate taxes and tax evasion by major gold mine operators. This paper argues that the Tanzanian government should try to increase its share of revenues by taxation based on revenues, increasing its auditing skills and its involvement in mining, as well as by increasing the transparency of contracts and limiting the discretionary power of policy-makers in negotiating contracts. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	gold; impacts; revenue; Tanzania; taxation	export; gold; mining industry; policy making; tax system; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29244431634	The reach and impact of Child Support Grants: Evidence from KwaZulu-Natal	Case A., Hosegood V., Lund F.	2005	Development Southern Africa	22	4	10.1080/03768350500322925	Department of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Population Studies Group, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa	Case, A., Department of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, Population Studies Group, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Hosegood, V., Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Population Studies Group, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Lund, F., School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Population Studies Group, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa	This paper examines the reach and impact of the South African Child Support Grant, using longitudinal data collected through the Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies. The grant is being taken up for a third of all age-eligible resident children, and appears to be reaching those children living in the poorer households of the demographic surveillance area (DSA). Children who received the grant are significantly more likely to be enrolled in school in the years following grant receipt than are equally poor children of the same age. However, older brothers and sisters of grant recipients, when they were observed at younger ages, were less likely than other children to be enrolled in school - perhaps reflecting the greater poverty in grant-receiving households. Thus the grant appears to help overcome the impact of poverty on school enrolment. © 2005 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	None	child care; child development; social policy; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51249087895	Effects of gender on the performance of micro and small enterprises in Malawi	Chirwa E.W.	2008	Development Southern Africa	25	3	10.1080/03768350802212139	Department of Economics, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, South Africa	Chirwa, E.W., Department of Economics, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, South Africa	Women are increasingly venturing into ownership of micro and small enterprises, either on their own or in partnership with male entrepreneurs. Using national survey data from Malawi, this study compares the performance of enterprises owned by females with those owned by males. The results show that the relationship between gender and business performance is complex. While there are no significant differences in profit margins, female-owned enterprises tend to grow more rapidly in terms of employment than male-owned ones. Gender-based regression results also show that while there are common factors that affect the performance of both kinds of enterprise, there are also differential effects in which education is a critical factor for the success of female-owned enterprises.	None	entrepreneur; firm ownership; gender role; microenterprise; small and medium-sized enterprise; Africa; East Africa; Malawi; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901460102	The impact of trade facilitation factors on South Africa's exports to a selection of African countries	Jordaan A.C.	2014	Development Southern Africa	31	4	10.1080/0376835X.2014.907535	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Jordaan, A.C., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Economic growth can be enhanced through increased trade among countries, provided the correct institutional structures are in place. A country's trade is dependent not only on its own trade facilitation reforms but also on those of the trading partners. This paper, using an augmented gravity model, examines trade facilitation factors that impact on South Africa's exports to other selected African countries. The results of the estimation reveal the following. An improvement in the customs environment within the importing country provides the largest gain in terms of increasing trade flows, followed by the regulatory environment and domestic infrastructure. Furthermore, adjacency and common language impact positively on South African exports, while distance between countries impacts negatively on it. Being part of the Southern African Development Community is also enhancing exports from South Africa, compared with being part of the East African Community. © 2014 © 2014 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	exports; gravity model; regional integration; trade facilitation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23444442272	Tourism impact, distribution and development: The spatial structure of tourism in the Western Cape province of South Africa	Cornelissen S.	2005	Development Southern Africa	22	2	10.1080/03768350500163014	Department of Political Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Cornelissen, S., Department of Political Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The structural dimensions of a country's tourism sector, and in particular the spatial structure of tourism production and consumption, relate closely to the nature and extent of the impact that tourism can have. This article examines the spatial characteristics of tourism in the Western Cape province, one of South Africa's foremost international tourist regions, and where its government seeks to use tourism as an instrument of development and socio-economic transformation. To understand how this could be effected it is necessary to understand the spatial distributional effects of tourism, and the underlying reasons for it. To this end the article examines the spatial structure of the provincial accommodation sector as evidenced in patterns of accommodation supply and tourist usage (demand); and trends in the nature, direction and distribution of public and private-sector tourism investments. The central argument is that tourism is geographically focused, with tourist activities concentrated in a few locales and sub-regions. This follows the general demographic and economic contours of the province. Yet trends in capital investments tend to reinforce the spatial concentration of tourism. Attempts by the govemment to spread tourism's benefits have not been too successful due to institutional and capacity deficiencies. Greater emphasis should be placed on developing domestic tourism. © 2005 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	None	regional pattern; spatial analysis; structural analysis; tourist destination; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883465046	The impact of a labour-intensive road construction programme in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province	Musekene E.N.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.817301	Monitoring and Evaluation, South African Social Security Agency, SASSA House, Cnr Beatrix and Pretorius Streets, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa	Musekene, E.N., Monitoring and Evaluation, South African Social Security Agency, SASSA House, Cnr Beatrix and Pretorius Streets, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa	This study investigates the distributional impacts of labour-intensive projects under the Gundo Lashu programme in the Limpopo province. The aim was to evaluate infrastructure effectiveness of the Extended Public Works Programme, focusing on the interface between road investment and economic development as the central premise. The objective was to evaluate the impact of the programme on the participants and their communities. Specific areas of impacts investigated are mobility, income, work opportunities, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods and opening of access to market opportunities. A matched case-control study design was adopted. The study found that the programme had achieved its objectives related to the total number of jobs created and the total road length constructed. However, the programme showed mixed results on communities' socio-economic outcomes and the impacts of the programme on poverty and sustainable livelihoods. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	economic development; Extended Public Works Programme; impact evaluation; labour-intensive methods; road construction; transport infrastructure	economic development; income; mobility; poverty alleviation; road construction; road transport; socioeconomic impact; sustainability; transportation infrastructure; Limpopo; South Africa; Vhembe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349751572	Assessing the impact of Transnet's and Eskom's infrastructure investment programmes on the capital goods sector	Lydall M.	2009	Development Southern Africa	26	3	10.1080/03768350903086812	Mineral Economics and Strategy Unit (MESU), Council of Mineral Processing and Metallurgy (Mintek), Randburg, South Africa	Lydall, M., Mineral Economics and Strategy Unit (MESU), Council of Mineral Processing and Metallurgy (Mintek), Randburg, South Africa	Transnet and Eskom have embarked on a R160.8 billion capital expenditure (capex) programme to improve South Africa's logistics and energy infrastructure over the next 5 years. Although considerable backward linkages will be created in the process of procuring goods and services needed in the construction and operation of the planned projects, a significant portion of investment will be lost because of having to import foreign skills and components that are unavailable locally. It has thus become a government priority to increase local content in the procurement process. Drawing on a series of interviews with leading suppliers involved in the capex programme, this article assesses the impact of such expenditure on the domestic capital goods sector and the constraints that militate against increased local participation. © 2009 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	Capital goods; Eskom; State-owned enterprises; Transnet	capital market; expenditure; infrastructural development; investment; state owned enterprise; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883446561	The comparative performance of chartered accountancy students in South Africa: The impact of historical legacies	Sartorius K., Sartorius B.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.817307	School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sartorius, K., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sartorius, B., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	African students continue to underperform in South Africa's schools and universities. This paper investigates the comparative performance of African chartered accountancy students from school to post-university level. The paper employed a mixed-method approach to analyse a series of cross-sectional datasets. The results showed that African students have underperformed at school, university and at post-university level, although the performance gap appears to be narrowing in the first professional chartered accountancy examination. The differential performance of these students was explained by poorer marks in mathematics and English that can be traced back to historical legacies in the education sector. South African universities, moreover, perpetuate this disadvantage because they have retained Eurocentric teaching approaches. In order to remove these barriers, tuition at school and university must be complemented by cross-cultural teaching practices and bridging programmes. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	accountancy students; examination performance	academic performance; comparative study; student; teaching; university sector; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149367940	The impacts of tourism on two communities adjacent to the Kruger National Park, South Africa	Strickland-Munro J.K., Moore S.A., Freitag-Ronaldson S.	2010	Development Southern Africa	27	5	10.1080/0376835X.2010.522829	School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University Western Australia, Australia; Science Operations Manager, Savanna and Arid Research Unit, Scientific Services, South African National Parks, South Africa	Strickland-Munro, J.K., School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University Western Australia, Australia; Moore, S.A., School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University Western Australia, Australia; Freitag-Ronaldson, S., Science Operations Manager, Savanna and Arid Research Unit, Scientific Services, South African National Parks, South Africa	This paper explores the socioeconomic impacts of tourism associated with the Kruger National Park, South Africa's flagship national park, on the neighbouring villages of Cork and Belfast. Case study research, where the study area was characterised as a social-ecological system, was used to investigate the impacts of Park tourism on these communities. The findings offer a micro-scale, local community perspective of these impacts and indicate that the enclave nature of Park tourism keeps local communities separate from the Park and makes it hard for them to benefit from it. The paper concludes with reflections on this perceived separation, and suggests the need to make the Park boundaries more 'permeable' so as to improve relationships with adjacent communities, while also pragmatically managing community expectations. © 2010 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	Community; Kruger national park; Social-ecological system; Socioeconomic impacts; Tourism	local participation; national park; socioeconomic impact; tourism development; tourism management; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893693599	Impact of employment protection legislation on employment and exporting in select African countries	Gwatidzo T., Moyo B.	2014	Development Southern Africa	31	2	10.1080/0376835X.2014.880877	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Gwatidzo, T., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Moyo, B., Department of Economics, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Labour market flexibility is an important issue in both development and labour economics. More flexibility in the labour market is believed to facilitate job creation, but also makes it easy for employers to terminate employment contracts and may be in conflict with the notion of decent jobs as promoted by the International Labour Organization and workers' unions. It is therefore not surprising that labour market flexibility or inflexibility has received a lot of attention in the extant literature. Using a sample of about 4700 firms from six African countries, we investigate the impact of restrictive labour regulation on a number of economic outcomes and find that more restrictive labour market regulations are detrimental to export propensity, export intensity, investment and employment. Policy-makers must be cautious, however, when implementing employment regulations as too flexible regulations may benefit employers at the expense of employees. © 2014 © 2014 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	African firms; employment; employment protection; exports; investment; labour market flexibility; regulation	employment; export; investment; labor market; labor policy; legislation; regulatory framework; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149385986	Community-based tourism as a sustainable solution to maximise impacts locally? the tsiseb conservancy case, Namibia	Lapeyre R.	2010	Development Southern Africa	27	5	10.1080/0376835X.2010.522837	School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Lapeyre, R., School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Based on an in-depth field study in a rural area of Namibia, this article assesses the potential contribution of community-based tourism enterprises (CBTEs) to poverty alleviation and empowerment. It shows that tourism income captured locally improves rural households' livelihoods and generates linkages in the local economy. On the job learning, training sessions and extensive support by non-governmental organisations and donors are further shown to empower rural actors and unlock socioeconomic opportunities for the future. In this context, CBTEs can be characterised as pro-poor initiatives. However, this article provides counter evidence that the sustainability of such community tourism ventures is to be questioned. First, mainstreaming these projects within the competitive tourism commodity chain proves highly challenging and costly; second, communities' institutional and managerial capacity is weak and thus CBTEs' viability is limited; finally, inadequate support by donors and non-governmental organisations fails to tackle challenges faced by community tourism ventures. © 2010 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	Community-based tourism; Global commodity chains; Institutional arrangements; Livelihoods	ecotourism; empowerment; poverty alleviation; rural area; Namibia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951800779	China's impact on South African trade and inflation	Rangasamy L., Swanepoel J.A.	2011	Development Southern Africa	28	1	10.1080/0376835X.2011.545175	South African Reserve Bank, Pretoria, and Graduate School of Business, University of the North-West, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Economist, Research Department logan, South Africa	Rangasamy, L., South African Reserve Bank, Pretoria, and Graduate School of Business, University of the North-West, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa, Economist, Research Department logan, South Africa; Swanepoel, J.A., South African Reserve Bank, Pretoria, and Graduate School of Business, University of the North-West, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	There has been much controversy about the impact of Chinese growth on the rest of the world. It is generally accepted that China has a dampening effect on global inflation through the supply of cheap products. On the other hand, imports from China could displace domestic production and hence have adverse effects on economic growth and employment. Thus, the question of whether a country benefits from trading with China is a country-specific issue. The results in this paper indicate that limited short-term costs have resulted from the strengthening of trade relations between South Africa and China. As far as inflation is concerned, the paper does not find convincing empirical evidence at the aggregate level for inflation in China leading to domestic price changes. At the disaggregate level, however, there appear to be stronger sector-specific linkages between prices in China and South Africa. ©2011 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	China; Inflation; Prices; South africa; Trade	economic growth; employment; inflation; international trade; trade flow; trade performance; trade relations; China; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864990999	The impact of tourism on poverty in South Africa	Saayman M., Rossouw R., Krugell W.	2012	Development Southern Africa	29	3	10.1080/0376835X.2012.706041	Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society (TREES) and School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Saayman, M., Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society (TREES) and School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Rossouw, R., Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society (TREES) and School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Krugell, W., Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society (TREES) and School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This paper evaluates the potential impact of tourism on poverty in South Africa on the basis of recent survey data on international tourism spending patterns. It looks at three scenarios, using an applied general equilibrium model. The main finding is that the poor benefit very little in the short term from additional tourism income. A further finding is that domestic and international tourist expenditure affect the economy differently; both markets are therefore important. In essence, the research confirms that tourism receipts can be used as a tool to alleviate poverty, but in South Africa this must be supported by policies that focus on the labour market and human resource development. © 2012 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	applied general equilibrium (AGE) modelling; poverty; South African tourism industry; tourism	economic impact; general equilibrium analysis; labor market; poverty alleviation; tourism economics; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954381337	Is there a link between BRIC foreign direct investment and SADC export performance?	Le Clus-Rossouw D., Viviers W., Loots E.	2015	Development Southern Africa	32	6	10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063985	TRADE research entity, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa	Le Clus-Rossouw, D., TRADE research entity, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Viviers, W., TRADE research entity, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Loots, E., University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa	The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries have agreed to strengthen their economic ties, thus paving the way for enhanced trade and investment performance. South Africa’s strategic value in BRICS is that it is a gateway to the opportunity-rich Southern African Development Community (SADC). By using South Africa as a production hub for exports to the surrounding region, foreign investors would have ready access to neighbouring markets. This article addresses the question of whether, and in what ways, foreign direct investment (FDI) from the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries to the SADC influences the SADC’s export performance. A series of empirical analyses revealed a positive causation between BRIC FDI and SADC exports, offering a clear incentive for the SADC to rejuvenate its trade and investment policies and structures, and strengthen its ties with BRIC countries in the interests of attracting more FDI and building a strong and sustainable export sector. © 2015 Government Technical Advisory Centre (GTAC).	BRIC; BRICS; Exports; Foreign direct investment; Southern African Development Community	export; foreign direct investment; Southern African Development Community; trade; Brazil; China; India; Russian Federation; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951796580	The impact of cash transfers on household welfare in Namibia	Levine S., van der Berg S., Yu D.	2011	Development Southern Africa	28	1	10.1080/0376835X.2011.545169	United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Windhoek, Namibia, South Africa	Levine, S., United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Windhoek, Namibia, South Africa; van der Berg, S., United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Windhoek, Namibia, South Africa; Yu, D., United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Windhoek, Namibia, South Africa	Namibia has a long history of providing a universal and non-contributory old age pension, child grants using means testing and quasi-conditionalities, and other cash transfers. Multivariate analysis presented in this paper confirms that these transfers play an important role in alleviating poverty, especially for the very poor. The poverty-reducing effects of the child grants are likely to increase further as access is being rapidly expanded. However, the impact in terms of reducing Namibia's extremely high inequality is limited. The targeting of the cash transfers towards the poorest groups takes place through two main channels. For the child grant, targeting occurs as a result of the orphan status eligibility criteria, as orphans are over-represented in lowerincome households. For the universal social pension, it appears that some of the relatively less poor do not receive it even if they are eligible. Means testing of child grants appears ineffective, even without considering administrative costs. ©2011 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	Child grant; Disability grant; Namibia; Old age pension; Sub-saharan Africa	child welfare; disability; elderly population; orphan; pension system; poverty alleviation; welfare impact; welfare provision; Namibia	None
WoS	WOS:000256748300009	A community-based impact assessment of the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative, 1997-2004	Andersson, Neil,Merhi, Serge,Mitchell, Steven,Ngxowa, Ncumisa	2008	DEVELOPMENT SOUTHERN AFRICA	25	2	10.1080/03768350701837895	University of Ottawa, CIETafrica, CIETcanada, CIET Trust, Univ Autonoma Guerrero	"Mitchell, Steven: University of Ottawa",	Much of the debate around the spatial development initiatives (SDIs) in South Africa is based on economic theory. To add the community perspective, an evaluation of local economic development on the Wild Coast followed a baseline in 1997 with comparable surveys in 2000 and 2004. Apart from an increase in access to piped water and a reduction in unofficial payments for health services, there was little community evidence of development over this period. Residents reported decreasing knowledge of the SDI and there was no increase in numbers considering small business ownership. In the investment-intensive 'anchor' areas, as in the SDI as a whole, there was no significant increase in employment and more households received remitted incomes from migrant workers. In an SDI for small businesses in tourism and agriculture, there was a dramatic fall off in food production. No more households had loans in 2004 than in 1997, but more were taking loans from loan sharks. Other spatial planning initiatives might learn from the Wild Coast, not least through the perspectives gained from community-based impact assessments.	,GROWTH,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883727445	Impacts of community pharmacists on self-medication management among rural dwellers, Kwara State Central, Nigeria	Bello S.I., Bello I.K.	2013	Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	12	1	10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16294	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacy, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bello, S.I., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Bello, I.K., Department of Pharmacy, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	The role of pharmacist has not only advanced from medication dispensing but also to direct patient care and pharmaceutical interventions aiming at enhancing the populace wellbeing. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of rural community pharmacist interventions on self-medications and disease prevalence among rural settings in the Kwara State Central, Nigeria. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight rural communities with a pre-piloted questionnaire. Data obtained from respondents were computed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 using descriptive analysis procedures, and relationships between variables were tested using the chi square. Respondents between the age of 40 and 50 years dominated with 42.3% and majority (88.1%) of the rural residents were illiterates. Farming was the major occupation of the respondents and survived on less than ten thousand naira Nigeria money ($63) per month. Among the combinations of drugs abused by the respondents, the regimen containing combination of prednisolone, diclofenac and paracetamol had the highest users. The least used combination was ibuprofen, diclofenac plus prednisolone. These combinations were taken twice daily by the majority participants. The most common reasons given for self-medications were osteoarthritis (31.1%), poverty (17.4%), general body pain (14.3%), inadequate of health facilities (4.6%), ignorance (4.3%) among others. The intervention offered by the pharmacists had reduced the mean systolic blood pressure significantly (P < 0.05) from 161 mmHg to 129 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 104 mmHg at baseline to 86 mmHg. Postintervention evaluation revealed the impact of the pharmacists, as the respondents with dyspepsia at baseline significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 220 to 53 participants.	Drug combinations; Oke-Oyi metropolis; Pharmacist interventions; Prevalent diseases	analgesic agent; aniline; diclofenac; ibuprofen; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; opiate; paracetamol; piroxicam; prednisolone; tramadol; adult; agricultural worker; anemia; article; blood pressure regulation; cattle farming; community care; congestive heart failure; cross-sectional study; depression; diastolic blood pressure; drug abuse; drug induced headache; drug overdose; dyspepsia; educational status; female; fever; fluid retention; gastrointestinal disease; government regulation; headache; health care facility; health status; human; hypertension; insomnia; kidney dysfunction; lifestyle modification; liver failure; low back pain; major clinical study; malaria; male; mental disease; morning dosage; Nigeria; osteoarthritis; pain threshold; paresthesia; patient counseling; patient satisfaction; peptic ulcer; pharmacist; poverty; prevalence; quality of life; questionnaire; respiration depression; rural population; self medication; side effect; socioeconomics; systolic blood pressure; upper gastrointestinal bleeding	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922385530	Evaluation of fast disintegrating tablets of nifedipine prepared by superdisintegrant addition and sublimation methods	Okhuelegbe E.S., Ikhuoria A.M., Ike A.A.	2014	Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	13	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okhuelegbe, E.S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikhuoria, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ike, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Fast disintegrating tablets of nifedipine prepared by superdisintegrant addition and sublimation methods were evaluated. Twelve batches of tablets were formulated by direct compression using varying concentrations of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium. Camphor was incorporated into six of the batches. Their granules were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. FTIR analysis of the drug and excipients was also carried out. Results obtained showed that their granules were free flowing with angle of repose < 26° and Carr’s index < 19%. The tablets gave hardness of 3.67-5.99 kgf, friability of < 1%, wetting and disintegration times of < 101 and < 91 secs, respectively. Dissolution profiles showed all the tablets released over 92% of their drug within 30 mins. FTIR analysis demonstrated no interactions between nifedipine and excipients. The sublimation method in combination with superdisintegrant addition method of formulation yielded fast disintegrating tablets of superior quality than the superdisintegrant addition method alone. © 2014, University of Dhaka. All rights reserved.	Dissolution; Nifedipine; Post-compression; Sublimation; Superdisintegrant	aspartame; camphor; croscarmellose sodium; crospovidone; drug carrier; magnesium stearate; microcrystalline cellulose; nifedipine; talc; angle of repose; Article; Carr index; controlled study; drug determination; drug dosage form comparison; drug granule; drug screening; drug solubility; drug structure; drug synthesis; excipient compatibility; Hausner ratio; infrared spectroscopy; pharmacological parameters; sublimation method; superdisintegrant addition method; tablet compression; tablet dimension; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness; tablet property; tablet thickness; tablet weight; tablet wetting time; tensile strength; timed drug release	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931834161	Formulation and evaluation of ibuprofen loaded lipospheres for effective oral drug delivery	Momoh M.A., Kenechukwu F.C., Gwarzo M.S., Builders P.F.	2015	Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	14	1	None	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Raw Mater	Momoh, M.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kenechukwu, F.C., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Gwarzo, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Builders, P.F.	Ibuprofen (IBU) is an anti-inflammatory drug characterized by low solubility and bioavailabilty. This study was to develop IBU-liposphere and investigated for in vitro and in vivo performance. IBU free base was incorporated into lipospheres based on micronized beeswax and Phospholipon® 90H in the ratio of (1:3), via hot emulsification. IBU-loaded lipospheres were characterized based on morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and in vitro drug release. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities and the pharmacokinetics were similarly evaluated. Minimum and maximum encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 89.4 and 97.9% were obtained for lipospheres A1 and A3, respectively. Stable, spherical and smooth lipospheres of size range 101 ± 0.30 to 178 ± 0.30 µm were obtained. Minimum and maximum release of 75 and 96.9% were obtained for A1 and A3, respectively. Significant (p<0.005) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were achieved with prolong plasma concentration. IBU-lipospheres based on beeswax and phospholipid could be explored as an alternative drug delivery system. © 2015, University of Dhaka. All rights reserved.	Characterization; Drug delivery; Ibuprofen; Lipospheres; Sustained-release	ibuprofen; liposphere; microsphere; phosphatidylcholine; propolis; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; area under the curve; Article; controlled study; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug release; emulsion; encapsulation; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; maximum plasma concentration; morphology; nonhuman; particle size; paw edema; rat; tail flick test; time to maximum plasma concentration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649256763	Moving to an A1C-based diagnosis of diabetes has a different impact on prevalence in different ethnic groups	Christensen D.L., Witte D.R., Kaduka L., Jørgensen M.E., Borch-Johnsen K., Mohan V., Shaw J.E., Tab́ak A.G., Vistisen D.	2010	Diabetes Care	33	3	10.2337/dc09-1843	Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; Centre for Public Health Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Health Research in Greenland, Directorate of Health and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Caulfield, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary	Christensen, D.L., Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; Witte, D.R., Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; Kaduka, L., Centre for Public Health Research, KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Jørgensen, M.E., Centre for Health Research in Greenland, Directorate of Health and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Borch-Johnsen, K., Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mohan, V., Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, India; Shaw, J.E., Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Caulfield, VIC, Australia; Tab́ak, A.G., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Vistisen, D., Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark	OBJECTIVE - To compare screen-detected diabetes prevalence and the degree of diagnostic agreement by ethnicity with the current oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-based and newly proposed A1C-based diagnostic criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Six studies (1999-2009) from Denmark, the U.K., Australia, Greenland, Kenya, and India were tested for the probability of an A1C ≥6.5% among diabetic case subjects based on an OGTT. The difference in probability between centers was analyzed by logistic regression adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS - Diabetes prevalence was lower with the A1C-based diagnostic criteria in four of six studies. The probability of an A1C ≥6.5% among OGTT-diagnosed case subjects ranged widely (17.0-78.0%) by study center. Differences in diagnostic agreement between ethnic subgroups in the U.K. study were of the same magnitude as between-country comparisons. CONCLUSIONS - A shift to an A1C-based diagnosis for diabetes will have substantially different consequences for diabetes prevalence across ethnic groups and populations. © 2010 by the American Diabetes Association.	None	hemoglobin A1c; adult; article; Australia; Denmark; diabetes mellitus; diagnostic accuracy; ethnic difference; female; Greenland; hemoglobin blood level; human; India; Kenya; major clinical study; male; oral glucose tolerance test; screening; United Kingdom; Adult; Aged; Australia; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Ethnic Groups; Female; Great Britain; Greenland; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; India; Kenya; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919339002	Evaluation of the indications and arrhythmic patterns of 24 hour Holter electrocardiography among hypertensive and diabetic patients seen at OAUTHC, lle-lfe Nigeria	Adebayo R.A., Ikwu A.N., Balogun M.O., Akintomide A.O., Mene-Afejuku T.O., Adeyeye V.O., Bamikole O.J., Bisiriyu L.A., Ajayi O.E., Ogunyemi S.A., Oketona O.A.	2014	Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy	7	None	10.2147/DMSO.S68408	Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria	Adebayo, R.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ikwu, A.N., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Balogun, M.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Akintomide, A.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Mene-Afejuku, T.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Adeyeye, V.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Bamikole, O.J., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Bisiriyu, L.A., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.E., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ogunyemi, S.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Oketona, O.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria	Background: There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients.Objective: To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG, and heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with or without heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seen in our cardiac care unit.Methods: Seventy-nine patients (32 males and 47 females) were studied consecutively over a year using Schiller type (MT-101) Holter ECG machine.Results: Out of the 79 patients, 17 (21.5%) had HHD without heart failure, 33 (41.8%) had HHD with hypertensive heart failure (HHF), while 29 (36.7%) were T2DM patients. The mean (standard deviation) ages of HHD without heart failure, HHF and T2DM patients were 59.65 (±14.38), 65.15 (±14.30), and 54.66 (±8.88) respectively. The commonest indication for Holter ECG was palpitation (38%), followed by syncope (20.3%). Premature ventricular contraction was the commonest arrhythmic pattern among the 79 patients, especially among HHF patients. The HRV using standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals was significantly reduced inT2DM patients (81.03±26.33, confidence interval [CI] =71.02–91.05) compared to the HHD without heart failure (119.65±29.86, CI =104.30–135.00) and HHF (107.03±62.50, CI =84.00–129.19). There was a negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and HRV (r=–0.613).Conclusion: Palpitation was the commonest Holter ECG indication and premature ventricular contractions were the commonest arrhythmic pattern among our patients. HRV was reduced in T2DM patients compared with hypertensive patients. © 2014 Adebayo et al.	Arrhythmias; Diabetes mellitus; Holter electrocardiography; Hypertension; Nigerians	adult; aged; Article; autonomic neuropathy; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coronary care unit; correlational study; diabetes mellitus; disease association; dyspnea; faintness; female; heart arrhythmia; heart failure; heart palpitation; heart rate variability; heart ventricle extrasystole; Holter monitor; Holter monitoring; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; patient monitoring; sex ratio; symptomatology; thorax pain; treatment indication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942060717	Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular risk in persons with metabolic syndrome using the UKPDS risk engine	Stephen Ogedengbe O., Ezeani I.U., Chukwuonye I.I., Ndukaife Anyabolu E., Ozor I.I., Eregie A.	2015	Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy	8	None	10.2147/DMSO.S69199	Department of internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of internal Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria; Division of Nephrology, Department of internal Me	Stephen Ogedengbe, O., Department of internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin; Ezeani, I.U., Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of internal Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria; Chukwuonye, I.I., Division of Nephrology, Department of internal Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria; Ndukaife Anyabolu, E., Division of Nephrology, Department of internal Medicine, Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Nigeria, Division of Nephrology, Department of internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria; Ozor, I.I., Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Eregie, A., Department of internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin	Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of coexistence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the estimated cardiovascular risk as calculated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetic Study risk engine (UKPDS-RE) and also to determine the impact of the coexistence of MS and T2DM on the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study in which convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 124 consecutive persons with T2DM and 96 controls using a questionnaire administered technique. The World Health Organization (WHO) criterion was used to define MS and the UKPDS-RE was used to identify persons with increased risk for stroke and those with increased risk for coronary heart disease. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Statistical comparisons were made with chi-square for comparison of proportions. A P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Fifteen subjects were identified as having an increased 10-year risk for stroke and ten as having an increased risk for a coronary event. The odds of a T2DM subject with MS having an increased risk for stroke compared with a T2DM subject without MS was 0.9579=1 while the odds of a T2DM subject with MS developing an increased risk for a coronary event compared with a T2DM subject without MS was =3.451≈3. Conclusion: MS was more common in subjects with T2DM compared with controls (irrespec­tive of the diagnostic criteria used) and MS appears to increase the risk of a coronary event in subjects with T2DM by threefold. Also from this study, MS did not appear to cause an additional increase in the risk of stroke in subjects with T2DM. © 2015 Ogedengbe et al.	Cardiovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Diabetes mellitus; Metabolic syndrome; UKPDS risk engine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924913877	Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation of suspected ischemia and its relationship with glycemic control in south african subjects with diabetes mellitus	Shmendi A., Pirie F., Naidoo D.P., Tlou B., Pilloy W., Motala A.A.	2014	Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy	7	None	10.2147/DMSO.S72335	Department of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Cardiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Shmendi, A., Department of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pirie, F., Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, D.P., Department of Cardiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Tlou, B., Department of Biostatistics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pilloy, W., Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Motala, A.A., Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Background: The relationship between myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, and glucose control in South African populations is unknown. It was hypoth­esized that in subjects undergoing MPI for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), those with diabetes would have more extensive perfusion defects and that diabetes control would influence MPI abnormalities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the sever­ity of CAD diagnosed with MPI in subjects with and without diabetes and to determine the relationship between diabetes control and extent of CAD.Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of 340 subjects in whom MPI scans were performed over a 12-month period.Results: Subjects with diabetes had a higher prevalence of abnormal MPI, with more extensive ischemia, compared with subjects without diabetes (85.6% versus 68%; odds ratio 2.81, P,0.01). Glycated hemoglobin $7.0% was associated with a higher risk of abnormal MPI, with more extensive ischemia, compared with subjects having diabetes and glycated hemoglobin, 7.0% (odds ratio 2.46, P=0.03) and those without diabetes (odds ratio 4.55, P=0.0001).Conclusion: Subjects with diabetes have more extensive myocardial ischemia when compared with subjects without diabetes. Furthermore, poorer diabetes control is associated with more abnormalities on MPI scanning. © 2014 Shmendi et al.	Coronary artery disease; Diabetes mellitus; Glycated hemoglobin; Myocardial perfusion imaging	glucose; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; adult; Article; body mass; cardiovascular risk; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus; disease duration; disease severity; female; glucose blood level; glycemic control; heart muscle ischemia; human; image analysis; image quality; imaging system; major clinical study; male; myocardial perfusion imaging; population research; prevalence; retrospective study; risk assessment; risk factor; smoking; South African; systolic blood pressure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876468432	Transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy and rapid on-site evaluation in the setting of superior vena cava syndrome	Brundyn K., Koegelenberg C.F.N., Diacon A.H., Louw M., Schubert P., Bolliger C.T., Van Den Heuvel M.M., Wright C.A.	2013	Diagnostic Cytopathology	41	4	10.1002/dc.21857	Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Brundyn, K., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Koegelenberg, C.F.N., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Diacon, A.H., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Louw, M., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Schubert, P., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Bolliger, C.T., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Heuvel, M.M., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Wright, C.A., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa	There is a paucity of prospective data on flexible bronchoscopy with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in the setting of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. The aims of this prospective study were to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of these investigations and specifically to evaluate the role of ROSE in limiting the need for tissue biopsies. Over a 5-year period 48 patients (57.4 ± 9.7 years) with SVC syndrome secondary to intrathoracic tumors underwent flexible bronchoscopy with TBNA and ROSE. Endobronchial Forceps biopsy was reserved for visible endobronchial tumors with no on-site confirmation of diagnostic material. ROSE confirmed diagnostic material in 41 cases (85.4%), and in only one of the remaining cases did the addition of a forceps biopsy increase the diagnostic yield (overall diagnostic yield of 87.5%). No serious complications were noted. The final diagnoses made included nonsmall lung cancer (n = 27), small cell lung cancer (n = 16), and metastatic carcinoma (n = 3). Two undiagnosed cases died of suspected advanced neoplasms (unknown primary tumors). We conclude that TBNA has a high diagnostic yield and is safe in the setting of SVC syndrome. With the addition of ROSE, tissue biopsy is required in the minority of cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	bronchogenic carcinoma; rapid on-site evaluation; superior vena cava syndrome; transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy	adult; advanced cancer; aged; article; breast carcinoma; bronchoscopy; clinical article; clinical evaluation; diagnostic value; female; fine needle aspiration biopsy; human; lung non small cell cancer; lung small cell cancer; male; metastasis; priority journal; prospective study; prostate carcinoma; rapid on site evaluation; superior cava vein syndrome; thorax tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; cell nucleus; evaluation study; fine needle aspiration biopsy; middle aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; nuclear shape; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Bronchoscopy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Nucleus; Cell Nucleus Shape; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952412141	Dual Path Platform HIV 1/2 assay: Evaluation of a novel rapid test using oral fluids for HIV screening at the National Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria	Iregbu K.C., Esfandiari J., Nnorom J., Sonibare S.A., Uwaezuoke S.N., Eze S.O., Abdullahi N., Lawal A.O., Durogbola B.S.	2011	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	69	4	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.10.011	Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Chembio Diagnostics, Medford, NY, United States; Chembio Diagnostics, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Depart	Iregbu, K.C., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Esfandiari, J., Chembio Diagnostics, Medford, NY, United States; Nnorom, J., Chembio Diagnostics, Abuja, Nigeria; Sonibare, S.A., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Uwaezuoke, S.N., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Eze, S.O., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Abdullahi, N., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Lawal, A.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Durogbola, B.S., Department of Haematology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria	HIV/AIDS disease is endemic in Nigeria and associated with stigmatization. Availability of a reliable rapid testing kit and procedure will increase uptake of services. The study aimed to determine the correlation between detection of HIV antibodies in blood to that in oral fluid and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Dual Path Platform (DPP) testing kit using oral fluid samples. HIV antibodies detected in oral mucosa transudate and whole capillary blood from HIV-positive, high-risk and low-risk participants were compared with results obtained with whole venous blood from the same participants tested with Determine and Western blot (for discordant cases). Oral fluid test has sensitivity and specificity of 100% relative to Determine rapid assay, while whole capillary blood test has sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.5%. DPP oral fluid test is a reliable point-of-care test and may be deployed in large-scale screening exercises. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Dual Path Pathway; HIV screening; National Hospital; Nigeria; Oral fluid	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; adult; analytical equipment; antibody detection; article; capillary blood; controlled study; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; Dual Path Platform HIV 1/2 assay; female; high risk patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mouth mucosa; Nigeria; nonhuman; point of care testing; predictive value; priority journal; screening; sensitivity and specificity; venous blood; Adolescent; Adult; Blotting, Western; Female; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Nigeria; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547572937	Polymerase chain reaction detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci: evaluation of 9 assays	Robberts F.J.L., Liebowitz L.D., Chalkley L.J.	2007	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	58	4	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.014	Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa	Robberts, F.J.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Liebowitz, L.D., Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Chalkley, L.J., Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa	Various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification strategies have been described for detecting Pneumocystis jiroveci in clinical specimens. Different combinations of primer/target and platforms have been reported to yield varying PCR detection rates. PCR was evaluated on clinical specimens using internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA nested, dihydropteroate synthase single and nested, dihydrofolate reductase nested, major surface glycoprotein heminested, mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) single and nested, 18S rRNA 1-tube nested, and real-time 5S rRNA PCR. The most sensitive PCR was subsequently compared with routine diagnostic immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Discrepant PCR and IF results were resolved after review of clinical and histology/cytology records. Major discrepancies were observed among the methods investigated. mtLSUrRNA nested PCR was the most sensitive, produced less false-negative results, and displayed the highest degree of concordance with histology. Direct comparison of mtLSUrRNA nested PCR versus IF yielded low sensitivity and specificity, which were improved for PCR and lowered for IF on review of clinical and laboratory records. © 2007.	Detection; Immunofluorescent microscopy; PcP; PCR; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystis pneumonia	dihydrofolate reductase; dihydropteroate synthase; glycoprotein; mitochondrial RNA; protein subunit; ribosome RNA; article; bacterium detection; cytology; false negative result; gene amplification; histology; immunofluorescence microscopy; microbiology; nonhuman; Pneumocystis jiroveci; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; Dihydropteroate Synthase; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; False Negative Reactions; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pneumocystis Infections; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase	None
None	None	Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. and its evaluation on colonies, culture broths, and stool	Taniuchi M., Walters C.C., Gratz J., Maro A., Kumburu H., Serichantalergs O., Sethabutr O., Bodhidatta L., Kibiki G., Toney D.M., Berkeley L., Nataro J.P., Houpt E.R.	2012	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	73	2	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.03.008	Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Virginia Department of General Services, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States	Taniuchi, M., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Walters, C.C., Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Virginia Department of General Services, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Gratz, J., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States, Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Maro, A., Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Kumburu, H., Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Serichantalergs, O., Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Sethabutr, O., Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Bodhidatta, L., Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Kibiki, G., Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Toney, D.M., Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Virginia Department of General Services, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Berkeley, L., Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Nataro, J.P., Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Houpt, E.R., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States	Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) typically depends on identification of virulence genes from stool cultures, not on stool itself. We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects key DEC virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfpA, ipaH, LT, STh, aaiC, aatA). The assay involved a multiplex PCR reaction followed by detection of amplicon(s) using Luminex beads. The assay was evaluated on over 100 colony and broth specimens. We then evaluated the assay using DNA extracted from stool, colony pools, and Gram-negative broths, using stool spiked with known quantities of DEC. Performance of the assay on stool DNA was most quantitative, while stool broth DNA offered the lowest limit of detection. The assay was prospectively evaluated on clinical specimens in Tanzania. Stool DNA yielded higher sensitivity than colony pools compared with broth DNA as the standard. We propose using this assay to screen for DEC directly in stool or stool broths. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Diarrhea; Diarrheagenic E. coli; Enteroaggregative E. coli; Enterohemorrhagic E. coli; Enteroinvasive E. coli; Enteropathogenic E. coli; Enterotoxigenic E. coli; Luminex; Multiplex PCR; PCR; Shiga toxin-producing E. coli; Shigella; Virulence genes	DNA; aaiC gene; aatA gene; amplicon; article; bacterial gene; bacterial virulence; bacterium colony; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bfpA gene; diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; DNA extraction; eae gene; feces; feces culture; gene identification; ipaH gene; limit of detection; LT gene; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; nonhuman; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Shigella; stx1 gene; stx2 gene; Tanzania; virulence gene; Colony Count, Microbial; Diarrhea; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Feces; Humans; Limit of Detection; Molecular Typing; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prospective Studies; Shigella; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
None	None	Evaluation of pooled ocular and vaginal swabs by the Cepheid GeneXpert CT/NG assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae compared to the genprobe aptima combo 2 assay	Dize L., West S.K., Mkocha H., Quinn T.C., Gaydos C.A.	2015	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	81	2	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.11.010	International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kongwa Trachoma Project, Tanzania; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Dize, L., International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; West, S.K., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mkocha, H., Kongwa Trachoma Project, Tanzania; Quinn, T.C., International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Gaydos, C.A., International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States	Ocular swabs from Tanzania were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and self-collected vaginal swabs collected through a home collection program, iwantthekit.org, were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and CT to evaluate Cepheid GeneXpert for the use of pooling multiple specimens before testing. GeneXpert shows to be a promising test for pooling. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pooling; Trachoma	Aptima Combo 2 Assay; Article; bacterium detection; Chlamydia trachomatis; controlled study; cost control; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic kit; diagnostic test accuracy study; intermethod comparison; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction system; predictive value; prevalence; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869465291	Athletic performance and risk of injury: Can genes explain all?	Tucker R., Collins M.	2012	Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine	17	1	None	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	Tucker, R., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, South Africa, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Collins, M., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, South Africa, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	Sporting success is the result of the combination of innumerable genetic and environmental factors, and there is no single path to becoming a champion athlete. Susceptibility to injuries is also a multifactorial phenotype and is a less acknowledged contributor in determining elite athletic ability. The relative importance of deliberate practice, other environmental factors, and genetic factors in molding champions is a constant area of debate. We review two models, the "Practice Sufficiency" and "Genetic Ceiling" models that explain expert performance development and injury risk. We conclude that although the deliberate training and other environmental factors are critical for achieving elite performance, the "Practice Sufficiency Model" does not adequately explain performance. The "Genetic Ceiling Model," on the other hand, acknowledges both nurture and nature and is a more accurate theory. © 2012 LLS SAS.	Elite athlete; Musculoskeletal; Nature; Nurture; Polymorphism; Training	article; athletic performance; genetic association; genetic ceiling model; genetic model; genetic trait; genetic variability; heritability; human; practice sufficiency model; skill; sport injury; training	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350587313	Performance of six-phase induction motor with trapezia phase current waveforms	Ai Y., Wang Y., Marrten K.	2009	Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society	24	9	None	Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Ai, Y., Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; Wang, Y., Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; Marrten, K., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	To realize the function that the field and torque can be controlled directly, a novel direct field and direct torque control strategy used in six-phase induction motor with special phase current waveform is proposed and evaluated. Firstly, the electromagnetic torque is calculated by theoretical and finite element analysis. Secondly, the analytical results are verified by practical experiment. The dominant merit of the proposed control strategy is that the flux and torque of the induction motor are directly controlled as compared to vector control that uses Park transformation theory. Another merit is that with stator winding layout, a nearly square, smooth rotating flux density in the air gap is generated by using the resultant field currents and the electromagnetic torque can be improved greatly.	Electromagnetic torque; Finite element analysis; Phase current waveform; Six-phase motor	Air-gaps; Analytical results; Control strategies; Direct Torque Control; Electromagnetic torque; Electromagnetic torques; Field currents; Finite element analysis; Park transformation; Phase current waveform; Phase currents; Rotating flux; Six-phase; Six-phase motor; Stator winding; Vector controls; Electric windings; Electromagnetism; Induction motors; Motors; Torque; Torque control; Finite element method	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908304555	Effects of different acid-treatment on the nanostructure and performance of carbon nanotubes in electrochemical hydrogen storage	Mkhondo N.B., Magadzu T.	2014	Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures	9	4	None	University of Limpopo, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, South Africa	Mkhondo, N.B., University of Limpopo, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, South Africa; Magadzu, T., University of Limpopo, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, South Africa	The effects of various acids on the nanostructure and hydrogen storage performance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated. MWCNTs were sonicated in nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and their mixtures. FTIR revealed that the ratio of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of CNTs depends on the type of oxidiser. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed an intact and stable nanostructure of MWCNTs treated by H2O2+HNO3, with an improve functionality due to different kinds of pores. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of MWCNTs treated by H2O2+HNO3increased to 343.1 m2/g, as compared to 251.5 and 223.7 m2/g of the raw and HNO3+H2SO4treated MWCNTs, respectively. The MWCNTs treated by a mixture of H2O2+HNO3gave the highest discharge capacity of 72.6 mAh/g (electrochemical hydrogen storage of 0.27 wt.%), as compared to a preferred mixture of HNO3+H2SO4, which gave a discharge capacity of 3.0 mAh/g; due to a structural damage of MWCNTs walls and low BET surface area. A H2O2+HNO3mixture promotes larger BET surface area and low reductive overpotential of hydrogen at the electrode. © 2014 Inst Materials Physics. All rights reserved.	Acid treatments; Carbon nanotubes; Discharge capacity; Hydrogen storage; Mixture of H2O2+HNO3	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59849092365	The impact of community based rehabilitation as implemented by community rehabilitation facilitators on people with disabilities, their families and communities within South Africa	Chappell P., Johannsmeier C.	2009	Disability and Rehabilitation	31	1	10.1080/09638280802280429	CBR Education and Training for Empowerment (CREATE), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Chappell, P., CBR Education and Training for Empowerment (CREATE), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Johannsmeier, C., CBR Education and Training for Empowerment (CREATE), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Purpose. To find out the impact of community based rehabilitation (CBR) as implemented by mid-level rehabilitation workers known as community rehabilitation facilitators (CRFs) on people with disabilities (PWD), their families and the communities in South Africa. Method. A qualitative research design was used with an emphasis on participatory methods with PWD and their family members. Data collection took the form of individual interviews, focus groups and transects walks in both urban and rural settings within six provinces of South Africa. Results. Although CRFs work with individuals, groups, families and the community, they appear to have had a stronger impact on individuals with disabilities rather than the community at large. Various gaps were also identified and were related to the poor recognition of the scope of practice of CRFs as well as to individual CRFs abilities to carry out certain tasks. Conclusions. Although the results suggest that CRFs have had a positive impact, there are still a number of issues that need to be addressed. These include proper support of CRFs and intersectoral collaboration between government departments to ensure the future of CBR in South Africa.	Community based rehabilitation; Mid-level rehabilitation workers; South Africa	Community Health Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Focus Groups; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Patient Participation; Professional-Patient Relations; Self Efficacy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902513065	The impact of antenatal mental distress on functioning and capabilities: Views of health care providers and service users in Cape Town, South Africa	Mall S., Honikman S., Evans B., Swartz L., Lund C.	2014	Disability and Rehabilitation	36	13	10.3109/09638288.2013.833300	Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Mall, S., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Honikman, S., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Evans, B., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Swartz, L., Department of Psychology, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lund, C., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: Antenatal mental distress has disabling consequences. It affects functioning and participation in daily activities and can lead to postnatal depression. This study employs the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF), to explore the experiences of pregnant women with mental distress attending the Perinatal Mental Health Project (PMHP). The analysis also adopts Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to provide suggestions for appropriate interventions. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with seven pregnant women experiencing antenatal mental distress, three postnatal women who had experienced antenatal mental distress and seven health care providers all affiliated with the PMHP. We used an open-ended interview guide employing domains from the ICF as well as from the capabilities approach. Findings: Participants attributed their antenatal mental distress to a range of environmental factors. Difficulties in functioning were reported by participants including difficulties at work and caring for children. Participants stated that services provided by the PMHP have a positive impact on functioning and capabilities. Conclusion: The study suggests that the ICF is useful for exploring the impact of antenatal mental distress on functioning. It is well complemented by the capabilities approach to inform interventions.Implications for RehabilitationAntenatal mental distress is a significant public health issue that impacts on women's functioning and participation exacerbated by social factors such as poverty and exposure to violence.This study explored restrictions in functioning and participation faced by women with antenatal mental distress including the ability to care for children, find meaningful employment and sustain relationships.Counselling services can play a role in restoring functioning and capabilities for women experiencing antenatal mental distress.Counselling services have the ability to discuss restrictions in functioning caused by antenatal mental distress with their clients and to offer support for creating capabilities once functioning has improved. © 2014 Informa UK Ltd.	Antenatal mental distress; Capabilities; ICF; South Africa	adult; counseling; daily life activity; disability; female; health personnel attitude; human; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; interview; mental stress; pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; pregnant woman; prevention and control; psychology; risk factor; South Africa; urban population; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Counseling; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Interviews as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnant Women; Risk Factors; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746516218	Prevalence and impact of disability in north-western Ethiopia	Fitaw Y., Boersma J.	2006	Disability and Rehabilitation	28	15	10.1080/09638280500404552	Gondar University, Department of Community Health, Gondar, Ethiopia	Fitaw, Y., Gondar University, Department of Community Health, Gondar, Ethiopia; Boersma, J., Gondar University, Department of Community Health, Gondar, Ethiopia	Purpose. To assess the prevalence and impact of disability in one urban and three rural areas in north-western Ethiopia. Methods. The study design is cross-sectional and quantitative. Data was collected by using pretested and standardized structured questionnaires containing socio-demographic characteristics, type of disability, functional, and social dysfunction. Results. A total of 932 individuals with disability were found out of a total of 24,453 individuals giving the overall crude disability rate for the three towns as 3.8%. Disability in the lower locomotor was the most frequently reported type - 442 (47.0%) - followed by blindness 269 (28.6%), upper motor 152 (16.1%), mental retardation 97 (10.3%) and hearing loss 78 (8.3%) respectively. The major self-care problem experienced by the disabled is toileting in 292 (31.1%) cases, bathing in 248 (26.4%) and dressing 157 (16.7%). Other problems experienced by the respondents are parents' negative attitudes towards the disabled, evidenced by hiding them. This was observed in 340 (36.2%) cases. No care was provided by caregivers in 221 (23.6%) cases. Conclusion. The majority of disabled people have problems with activities of daily life especially toileting, bathing and dressing. Interventions to alleviate the problems of the disabled should be designed and implemented.	Disability; Dysfunction; Ethiopia; Impact; Prevalence; Self care	ADL disability; adolescent; adult; aged; article; bath; blindness; caregiver; child; controlled study; daily life activity; demography; Ethiopia; female; hearing loss; human; infant; information processing; major clinical study; male; mental deficiency; motor dysfunction; parental attitude; prevalence; priority journal; quantitative analysis; self care; structured questionnaire; urban rural difference; Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76549128107	Oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalization in Nigeria: Impact on public health and negation to attainment of Millennium development goal: The Ishiagu example	Aroh K.N., Ubong I.U., Eze C.L., Harry I.M., Umo-Otong J.C., Gobo A.E.	2010	Disaster Prevention and Management	19	1	10.1108/09653561011022153	Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Por	Aroh, K.N., Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ubong, I.U., Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Eze, C.L., Rivers State Environmental Sanitation Authority (Port Harcourt), Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Harry, I.M., Rivers State Environmental Sanitation Authority (Port Harcourt), Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Umo-Otong, J.C., Environmental and Human Health Research Association, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Gobo, A.E., Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalism in Nigeria between 1970 and 2006 and to examine the potential danger posed by such activities to public health. Design/methodology/approach - The approach adopted to achieve this objective is questionnaire administration on health impacts. Also secondary sources of information come from textbooks and journals. However, data from natural resources exploitation and hazards are collated and analyzed. Findings - It is evident that, out of the 1,000 reported oil spill incidents analyzed, some hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil are lost to the environment. Graphic pictures of typical oil spill through acts of vandalism in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria are analyzed and reviewed. The run-off and sedimentation of this pollutant in fresh water systems severely degrade water quality, affect fish spawning and aquatic invertebrates' habitats, thus lowering food web productivity. Incidentally the spill-over effect on humans who directly depend on fish and other aquatic food as an alternative protein supplement is quite inundating. The effects on humans include irritation, dermatitis, cancer, occurrence of abortion, organ failure and genetic disorder. Research limitations/implications - The limitations encountered in this research work include logistics problems, poor response and uncooperative attitude from respondents, transportation difficulties and restricted access to impacted sites by law enforcement agents and funding. Therefore subsequent researchers in this area should be equipped adequately with both the necessary protective gadgets and increased funding to meet challenges of this nature. Practical implications - The practical implication of the study is that oil spill incidents should be documented and reported early enough for prompt attention by the regulatory agencies in order to protect and enhance the quality of the environment. Originality/value - The value of the paper is that oil spill and pipeline vandalization devastate the environment, pollute dependable potable water sources such as streams and rivers and should be seen as a serious threat and negation to the attainment of the United Nations Millennium development goals. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Personal health; Pipelines; Vandalism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914678677	Remote sensing based drought monitoring in Zimbabwe	Mutowo G., Chikodzi D.	2014	Disaster Prevention and Management	23	5	10.1108/DPM-10-2013-0181	Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe	Mutowo, G., Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Chikodzi, D., Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe	Purpose– Drought monitoring is an important process for national agricultural and environmental planning. Droughts are normal recurring climatic phenomena that affect people and landscapes. They occur at different scales (locally, regionally, and nationally), and for periods of time ranging from weeks to decades. In Zimbabwe drought is increasingly becoming an annual phenomenon, with varying parts of the country being affected. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spatial variations in the seasonal occurrences of drought in Zimbabwe over a period of five years.Design/methodology/approach– The Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), which shows how close the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of the current time is to the minimum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index calculated from the long-term record for that given time, was used to monitor drought occurrence in Zimbabwe. A time series of dekadal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, calculated from SPOT images, was used to compute seasonal VCI maps from 2005 to 2010. The VCI maps were then classified into three drought severity classes (severe, moderate, and mild) based on the relative changes in the vegetation condition from extremely bad to optimal.Findings– The results showed that droughts occur annually in Zimbabwe though, on average, the droughts are mostly mild. The occurrence and the spatial distribution of drought in Zimbabwe was also found to be random affecting different places from season to season thus the authors conclude that most parts of the country are drought prone.Originality/value– Remote sensing technologies utilising such indices as the VCI can be used for drought monitoring in Zimbabwe. © 2014, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Drought monitoring; Droughts; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; Remote sensing; Vegetation Condition Index; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46049094460	Impact of a commercial destocking relief intervention in Moyale district, southern Ethiopia	Abebe D., Cullis A., Catley A., Aklilu Y., Mekonnen G., Ghebrechirstos Y.	2008	Disasters	32	2	10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.01034.x	Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Food Security Unit at Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Abebe, D., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cullis, A., Food Security Unit at Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Catley, A., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aklilu, Y., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mekonnen, G., Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghebrechirstos, Y., Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A commercial destocking intervention was piloted in southern Ethiopia during the drought of early 2006. The intervention led to the purchase of an estimated 20,000 cattle valued at USD 1.01 million. On average, destocked households received USD 186 from the sale of cattle - approximately 5,405 households were involved. In terms of aid investment, the approximate cost-benefit ratio was 41:1. During the drought, income from destocking accounted for 54.2 per cent of household income (n = 114 households), and was used to buy food, care for livestock, meet various domestic expenses, support relatives, and either pay off debts or augment savings. Seventy-nine per cent of the income derived from destocking was used to buy local goods or services. Expenditure on livestock care amounted to 36.5 per cent of local spending, and included the private transportation of livestock to better grazing areas. The buoyant livestock export trade was considered to be an important driver of commercial destocking, demonstrating a positive link between livestock and meat exports, and pastoral vulnerability during drought. © 2008 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2008.	Commercial destocking; Cost-benefit; Ethiopia; Impact assessment; Pastoralists; Policy	cost-benefit analysis; disaster management; disaster relief; drought; household expenditure; household income; pastoralism; public spending; risk assessment; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Bos; animal; article; cattle; commercial phenomena; cost benefit analysis; disaster; domestic animal; economics; Ethiopia; family size; human; income; meat; statistics; time; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cattle; Commerce; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Economics; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Humans; Income; Meat; Natural Disasters; Relief Work; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049108688	Impact of drought-related vaccination on livestock mortality in pastoralist areas of Ethiopia	Catley A., Abebe D., Admassu B., Bekele G., Abera B., Eshete G., Rufael T., Haile T.	2009	Disasters	33	4	10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01103.x	Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Action Contre la Faim, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animal Health Department, Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau, Afar, Ethiopia; Cell Culture Laboratory, National Animal Health Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Sebeta, Ethiopia; SNV-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Catley, A., Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, D., Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Admassu, B., Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekele, G., Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abera, B., Action Contre la Faim, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Eshete, G., Animal Health Department, Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau, Afar, Ethiopia; Rufael, T., Cell Culture Laboratory, National Animal Health Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Haile, T., SNV-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Under a national Livestock Policy Forum in Ethiopia the impact of livestock vaccination during drought was assessed in order to inform the development of a best-practice guideline. For each of the different types of vaccine used during drought years there was no significant difference in livestock mortality, for any species, in vaccinated compared with non-vaccinated herds. The limited impact of vaccination on livestock mortality was attributed to weaknesses in the design and implementation of vaccination programmes, including use of inappropriate vaccines, low vaccination coverage, problems with vaccine dosing, incorrect timing of vaccination and problems with vaccine storage. If these weaknesses could be overcome vaccination could be a useful means to protect livestock assets, with considerable benefit-cost ratios. Vaccination should be conducted as a standard preventive measure during normal years, and programme design should be informed by participatory epidemiological studies. © Overseas Development Institute, 2009.	Drought; Livestock vaccination; Mortality; Participatory epidemiology	drought; epidemiology; livestock; mortality; vaccination; agriculture; animal; article; cattle; cattle disease; comparative study; disease model; domestic animal; drought; Ethiopia; geography; health care quality; horse; horse disease; mass immunization; mortality; program development; sheep; sheep disease; statistics; agriculture; Bovinae; Cattle Diseases; drought; Horse Diseases; mass immunization; mortality; program evaluation; Sheep Diseases; statistics and numerical data; Agriculture; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Droughts; Ethiopia; Geography; Horse Diseases; Horses; Mass Vaccination; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Agriculture; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Droughts; Ethiopia; Geography; Horse Diseases; Horses; Mass Vaccination; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Sheep; Sheep Diseases	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745454177	The impact of cultural practices on the spread of HIV/AIDS: An anthropological study of selected countries in sub-Sarahan Africa	Nkwi P.N.	2005	Discovery and Innovation	17	SPEC. ISS.	None	African Population Advisory Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Nkwi, P.N., African Population Advisory Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Africa is a continent plagued by population problems. These problems have no common solution because they occur in such culturally diverse populations. What works under some cultural conditions simply may not work under others. Deeply entrenched cultural practices have serious implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS, as well as other communicable diseases. In Africa, HIV is spread largely through high-risk, heterosexual behaviours. People know the consequences of these behaviours, but changing them requires knowing their causes, both cultural and material. Community-based research by African Population Advisory Council (APAC) finds that cultural practices such as widow inheritance (the levirate), early marriage, polygamy, bodily scarifications, funeral sexual rites, concubinage, sexual initiation of girls, forced remarriage of widows, and various forms of genital cutting have enhanced, and continue to enhance, the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dealing with these practices must be part of an integrated policy on confronting the HIV/AIDS pandemic.	None	Human immunodeficiency virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855436865	Binary models for evaluation of stakeholders' support for private forestry in southwest Nigeria	Agbeja B.O.	2010	Discovery and Innovation	21	04-Mar	None	Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Agbeja, B.O., Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Nigeria has a negligble record of private sector participation (PSP) in the forestry sector. The forestry sector tends to be weak, having taken for granted investment potential under the private sector. The study examined the perceptions of stakeholders on incentives to support private forestry in Southwest Nigeria with a view to eliciting support for an alternative to public forestry programme. The specific objective was to identify various incentives for private forestry in the study areas. Binary models were developed using the field data collected from Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States in Southwest Nigeria to evaluate a number of incentives perceived to determine willingness of the stakeholders to support Private Forestry (PF). The binary logit models predict the probability that a respondent will be willing to support PF in relation to independent variables which include presence/absence of Federal and State Financial Assistance (FSFA), presence/absence of International Financial Assistance (IFA), presence/absence of Long Term Lease of Forest Land (LTLFL), Provision of Seedlings /Seeds (PSS), Provision of Loans (PL), Availability of Grants (AG), presence/absence of Technical Assistance (TA) and presence/absence of Market for Environmental Services Incentives (MESI). A total of 5 forestry headquarters, 10 towns and 20 communities were randomly selected for data collection in the five states. A structured questionnaire was employed for the study. Willingness to participate in PF was best predicted by highest odds ratio where presence of LTLFL has an odds ratio of 84.02. This was followed by PL with an odds ratio of 3.81, in the pooled model for the five states. Willingness to support PF appears to be guaranteed where LTLFL and PL for forest management are high. The specific models developed depend on the locations where the data were collected, and therefore should not be applied to areas outside the range of the data. However, the modelling approach is of general applicability and can be used to predict the willingness of the stakeholders support PF in other areas.	Binary; Incentives; Nature; Private forestry; Willingness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855423624	Prototype design and performance analysis of a sieving machine for improved food slurry processing in Nigeria	Simolowo O.E., Adeniji O.O.	2010	Discovery and Innovation	21	04-Mar	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Simolowo, O.E., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeniji, O.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In Nigeria, and many African countries, the domestic and medium-scale processing of various food slurry such as those for corn, sorghum, soya beans and millet have been done manually over the years with little or no technological development. These manual processes are associated with obvious constraints such as excessive length of time, tedium and boredom, coupled with inherent unhygienic conditions surrounding these processes. In this work, a vibration machine for the sieving of a staple food and primary infant diet in many countries in Africa popularly known as "Pap," has been conceptualized and fabricated. Experimental Performance tests were carried out using a newly designed machine and the results were compared with the conventional or manual sieving processes. Results showed that the newly designed vibration sieving machine was more efficient than the manual sieving process. It had an average filtration rate of 1.6 × 10 -5 m 3/s, against 8.68×10 -6 m 3/s for the manual method, thereby resulting in an 82% improvement over the manual sieving process. The employment of the machine also gave 50% and 56% reductions in the filtration time and volume of water used, respectively. In this work, presents a remarkable contribution to the processing of various food slurries in Nigeria and Africa as a whole by applying the principles of vibration to the design of new sieving equipment.	Food-slurry; Performance analysis; Prototype design; Sieving	Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955594922	Neuropharmacological evaluation of aridanin, a glycoside isolated from tetrapleura tetraptera fruit in mice	Aderibigbe A.O., Iwalewa E.O., Adesina S.K., Ukponmwan O.E., Adebanjo A.O.	2007	Discovery and Innovation	19	3	None	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi A	Aderibigbe, A.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Iwalewa, E.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adesina, S.K., Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ukponmwan, O.E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adebanjo, A.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The neuropharmacological effects of Aridanin - an N-acetylated glycoside isolated from Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit was examined for locomotory, exploratory, stereotyped behaviours and hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time (HIST) in mice. Aridanin (15- and 30 mg/kg i.p) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of novelty-induced rearing, grooming, body scratching and exploratory behaviour. It also potentiated the hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time (HIST), but did not change the stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine. These effects of aridanin suggest that it has a strong central depressant action which may be sedative in nature but lack psychopharmacological activities.	Aridanin; Central activities; Sedation; Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855452891	Comparative indices for the evaluation of the effectiveness of intercropping systems in yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Abakura J.B., Gungula D.T., Sajo A.A.	2010	Discovery and Innovation	21	04-Mar	None	Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria; Department of Crop Production and Horticulture FUTY, Nigeria	Abakura, J.B., Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria; Gungula, D.T., Department of Crop Production and Horticulture FUTY, Nigeria; Sajo, A.A., Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted during 2002, 2003, and 2004 rainfed cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the advantages of additive intercropping (maize-groundnut, maize-cowpea and maize-soybean). The indices (models) used included land equivalent ratio (LER), area × time equivalent ratio (ATER) and crop compensation ratio (CCR), which are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping systems. The total LER and ATER of the intercrops were quite similar in three years because the maturity of maize and legumes did not vary significantly among the intercrops and the sole crops in Yola. The yield advantages as per total LER ranged from 64% to 80% while the ATER ranged from 71% to 93% in 2003. The highest value of CCR of 2.70 in 2003 and 2.59 in 2002 were obtained from maize-cowpea grown at 1m × 0.20m., while a value of 1.47 was obtained by maize-groundnut grown at 1m × 0.20m intra row spacing in 2004. This study justified the choice of farmers in the region who more often grow maize-cowpea rather than maize-groundnut or maize-soybean because of the greater compensation ratio associated with maize-cowpea intercropping.	Additive intercropping; Comparative indices; Effectiveness; Yola	Arachis hypogaea; Glycine max; Yola; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865827371	Development and preliminary evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for Halioticida noduliformans in abalone tissues	Greeff M.R., Christison K.W., MacEy B.M.	2012	Diseases of Aquatic Organisms	99	2	10.3354/dao02468	Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Greeff, M.R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Christison, K.W., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa; MacEy, B.M., Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Abalone Haliotis midae exhibiting typical clinical signs of tubercle mycosis were discovered in South African culture facilities in 2006, posing a significant threat to the industry. The fungus responsible for the outbreak was identified as a Peronosporomycete, Halioticida noduliformans. Currently, histopathology and gross observation are used to diagnose this disease, but these 2 methods are neither rapid nor sensitive enough to provide accurate and reliable diagnosis. Realtime quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a rapid and reliable method for the detection and quantification of a variety of pathogens, so therefore we aimed to develop a qPCR assay for species-specific detection and quantification of H. noduliformans. Effective extraction of H. noduliformans geno - mic DNA from laboratory grown cultures, as well as from spiked abalone tissues, was accomplished by grinding samples using a pellet pestle followed by heat lysis in the presence of Chelax- 100 beads. A set of oligonucleotide primers was designed to specifically amplify H. noduliformans DNA in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and tested for cross-reactivity to DNA extracted from related and non-related fungi isolated from seaweeds, crustaceans and healthy abalone; no crossamplification was detected. When performing PCR assays in an abalone tissue matrix, an environment designed to be a non-sterile simulation of environmental conditions, no amplification occurred in the negative controls. The qPCR assay sensitivity was determined to be approximately 0.28 pg of fungal DNA (∼2.3 spores) in a 25 μl reaction volume. Our qPCR technique will be useful for monitoring and quantifying H. noduliformans for the surveillance and management of abalone tubercle mycosis in South Africa. © Inter-Research 2012.	Abalone; Disease; Halioticida noduliformans; PCR; Tubercle mycosis	bioassay; environmental conditions; fungal disease; histopathology; host-pathogen interaction; matrix; mitochondrial DNA; monitoring; polymerase chain reaction; population outbreak; seaweed; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Crustacea; Fungi; Haliotidae; Haliotis midae; Lonchocarpus glaucifolius; fungal DNA; animal; article; classification; fungus; genetics; isolation and purification; methodology; microbiology; mollusc; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; species difference; Animals; DNA, Fungal; Fungi; Mollusca; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84962079229	The comparison of in vitro release methods for the evaluation of oxytocin release from pluronic® F127 parenteral formulations	Chaibva F.A., Walker R.B.	2007	Dissolution Technologies	14	4	10.14227/DT140407P15	Department of Pharmaceutics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Chaibva, F.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Walker, R.B., Department of Pharmaceutics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	The objective of these studies was to develop a discriminatory in vitro release test for assessing formulation factors that may affect oxytocin (OT) release during formulation development studies of a Pluronic® F127 OT in situ gel-forming parenteral dosage form. An appropriate release assessment method should be able to discriminate between the performance of different formulation compositions (1, 2), and this was the primary criterion used for selection of an appropriate test procedure during the test method development process. ANOVA and the difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors were used to evaluate the discriminatory behavior of different test methods that were investigated in these studies. The in vitro release tests that were investigated included the use of USP Apparatus 1, 2, and 3; a dialysis bag in USP Apparatus 2; and a membrane-less diffusion method. It was concluded that the use of USP Apparatus 3 was best able to discriminate between OT release for the different formulations tested. USP Apparatus 3 was thus considered the most suitable in vitro release test apparatus for studying formulation factors affecting OT release during the development of a parenteral dosage form prepared using Pluronic® F127. © 2007, Dissolution Technologies Inc. All rights reserved.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862701719	The use of response surface methodology to evaluate the impact of level 2 SUPAC-IR changes on the in vitro release of metronidazole and ranitidine from a fixed-dose combination tablet	King'ori L.D., Walker R.B.	2012	Dissolution Technologies	19	2	None	Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	King'ori, L.D., Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Walker, R.B., Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of disintegrant (croscarmellose sodium, CCS), binder (polyvinylprrolidone K30, PVP-K30), and lubricant (magnesium stearate) on the in vitro release of metronidazole (MTZ) and rantidine (RTD) from a solid oral fixed-dose combination tablet. The excipient levels investigated were Level 2 changes in component and composition described in the Scale-Up and Post Approval Changes for Immediate Release (SUPAC-IR) guidance (1). Batches of tablets (1000 units) were manufactured by wet granulation using a Saral high-shear mixer granulator and a Manesty B3B rotary tablet press. Weight uniformity, friability, and disintegration of all tablets were assessed, and all batches complied with compendial specifications. The amount of drug released (Q) at ten minutes was dependent on the levels of CCS in the formulation, and the effect of PVP-K30 and magnesium stearate was dependent on the levels of CCS. Synergistic interactions between independent variables were observed for the Q 10 value for RTD, whereas PVP-K30 and magnesium stearate exhibited an antagonistic effect on the Q 10 values for MTZ and RTD. The use of response surface methodology facilitated an investigation into the effect of Level 2 component and composition changes, as described in SUPAC-IR, on the in vitro release of MTZ and RTD from a fixed-dose combination (FDC) solid oral dosage form (SODF).	None	croscarmellose sodium; magnesium stearate; metronidazole; metronidazole plus ranitidine; microcrystalline cellulose; povidone; ranitidine; silicon dioxide; unclassified drug; article; chemical composition; controlled study; drug dosage form; drug dosage form comparison; drug granulation; drug potentiation; drug release; equipment; in vitro study; physical chemistry; response surface method; scale up; solid; tablet compression; tablet disintegration; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet machine; tablet property; tablet weight	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69349088417	The evaluation of Eudragit microcapsules manufactured by solvent evaporation using USP Apparatus 1	Khamanga S.M., Parfitt N., Nyamuzhiwa T., Haidula H., Walker R.B.	2009	Dissolution Technologies	16	2	None	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Khamanga, S.M., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Parfitt, N., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Nyamuzhiwa, T., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Haidula, H., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Walker, R.B., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The objectives of this study were to prepare microcapsules containing verapamil and propranolol and to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism of drug release from the microcapsules using USP Apparatus 1. The effects of polymer concentration and polymer type on the cumulative amount of drug released were evaluated. The microcapsules were manufactured using Eudragit RS and RL polymers by solvent evaporation with the ultimate aim of prolonging drug release. Twenty-four formulations were prepared using different drug/polymer ratios. The effects of polymer type and polymer/drug ratios on the size, flow properties, surface morphology, and the release characteristics of the microcapsules were examined. The effects of drug inclusion methods on drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and release properties of the complex microcapsules were also investigated. The formulations containing drug/polymer ratio 1:4 (w/w) were the most appropriate with respect to encapsulation efficiency (70%), flow properties (HR = 1.2), drug loading (15-20%), and drug release characteristics, in all cases. The release kinetics from the different formulations followed mainly a diffusion-controlled mechanism.	None	eudragit; polymer; propranolol; verapamil; article; controlled drug release; drug diffusion; drug formulation; drug manufacture; drug release; drug screening; encapsulation; evaporation; flow kinetics; flow rate; microcapsule; surface property	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645005227	Using niche-based modelling to assess the impact of climate change on tree functional diversity in Europe	Thuiller W., Lavorel S., Sykes M.T., Araújo M.B.	2006	Diversity and Distributions	12	1	10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00216.x	Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Center, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag x 7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université J. Fournier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Geobiosphere Science Centre, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TB, United Kingdom; Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, C/Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain	Thuiller, W., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Center, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag x 7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université J. Fournier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Lavorel, S., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université J. Fournier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Sykes, M.T., Geobiosphere Science Centre, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Araújo, M.B., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal, Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TB, United Kingdom, Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, C/Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain	Rapid anthropogenic climate change is already affecting species distributions and ecosystem functioning worldwide. We applied niche-based models to analyse the impact of climate change on tree species and functional diversity in Europe. Present-day climate was used to predict the distributions of 122 tree species from different functional types (FT). We then explored projections of future distributions under one climate scenario for 2080, considering two alternative dispersal assumptions: no dispersal and unlimited dispersal. The species-rich broadleaved deciduous group appeared to play a key role in the future of different European regions. Temperate areas were projected to lose both species richness and functional diversity due to the loss of broadleaved deciduous trees. These were projected to migrate to boreal forests, thereby increasing their species richness and functional diversity. Atlantic areas provided an intermediate case, with a predicted reduction in the numbers of species and occasional predicted gains in functional diversity. This resulted from a loss in species within the broadleaved deciduous FT, but overall maintenance of the group. Our results illustrate the fact that both species-specific predictions and functional patterns should be examined separately in order to assess the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and gain insights into future ecosystem functioning. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Climate change; Functional diversity; Niche-based models; Species richness	climate change; ecosystem function; functional response; modeling; niche; species richness; Eurasia; Europe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750431074	Potential impacts of climate change on Sub-Saharan African plant priority area selection	McClean C.J., Doswald N., Küper W., Sommer J.H., Barnard P., Lovett J.C.	2006	Diversity and Distributions	12	6	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2006.00290.x	Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa	McClean, C.J., Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Doswald, N., School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Küper, W., Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Sommer, J.H., Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Barnard, P., Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Lovett, J.C., Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) aims to protect 50% of the most important areas for plant diversity by 2010. This study selects sets of 1-degree grid cells for 37 sub-Saharan African countries on the basis of a large database of plant species distributions. We use two reserve selection algorithms that attempt to satisfy two of the criteria set by the GSPC. The grid cells selected as important plant cells (IPCs) are compared between algorithms and in terms of country and continental rankings between cells. The conservation value of the selected grid cells are then considered in relation to their future species complement given the predicted climate change in three future periods (2025, 2055, and 2085). This analysis uses predicted climate suitability for individual species from a previous modelling exercise. We find that a country-by-country conservation approach is suitable for capturing most, but not all, continentally IPCs. The complementarity-based reserve selection algorithms suggest conservation of a similar set of grid cells, suggesting that areas of high plant diversity and rarity may be well protected by a single pattern of conservation activity. Although climatic conditions are predicted to deteriorate for many species under predicted climate change, the cells selected by the algorithms are less affected by climate change predictions than non-selected cells. For the plant species that maintain areas of climatic suitability in the future, the selected set will include cells with climate that is highly suitable for the species in the future. The selected cells are also predicted to conserve a large proportion of the species richness remaining across the continent under climate change, despite the network of cells being less optimal in terms of future predicted distributions. Limitations to the modelling are discussed in relation to the policy implications for those implementing the GSPC. © 2006 The Authors.	Africa; Climate change; Global Strategy for Plant Conservation; Important plant areas; Persistence; Reserve selection algorithms	algorithm; biodiversity; climate change; climate effect; database; nature conservation; nature reserve; persistence; plant; spatial distribution; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74549115840	Global indicators of biological invasion: Species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses	McGeoch M.A., Butchart S.H.M., Spear D., Marais E., Kleynhans E.J., Symes A., Chanson J., Hoffmann M.	2010	Diversity and Distributions	16	1	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x	Centre for Invasion Biology, Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa; BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge CB30NA, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, c/o 130 Weatherall Road, Cheltenham, VIC 3192, Australia; IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, C/o Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, 2011 Crystal Drive, Ste 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; IUCN Species Programme, IUCN, 1196 Gland, Switzerland	McGeoch, M.A., Centre for Invasion Biology, Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa; Butchart, S.H.M., BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge CB30NA, United Kingdom; Spear, D., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Marais, E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kleynhans, E.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Symes, A., Centre for Invasion Biology, Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa; Chanson, J., IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, c/o 130 Weatherall Road, Cheltenham, VIC 3192, Australia; Hoffmann, M., IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, C/o Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, 2011 Crystal Drive, Ste 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States, IUCN Species Programme, IUCN, 1196 Gland, Switzerland	Aim Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a significant threat to biodiversity. The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 Biodiversity Target, and the associated indicator for IAS, has stimulated globally coordinated efforts to quantify patterns in the extent of biological invasion, its impact on biodiversity and policy responses. Here, we report on the outcome of indicators of alien invasion at a global scale. Location Global. Methods We developed four indicators in a pressure-state-response framework, i.e. number of documented IAS (pressure), trends in the impact of IAS on biodiversity (state) and trends in international agreements and national policy adoption relevant to reducing IAS threats to biodiversity (response). These measures were considered best suited to providing globally representative, standardized and sustainable indicators by 2010. Results We show that the number of documented IAS is a significant underestimate, because its value is negatively affected by country development status and positively by research effort and information availability. The Red List Index demonstrates that IAS pressure is driving declines in species diversity, with the overall impact apparently increasing. The policy response trend has nonetheless been positive for the last several decades, although only half of countries that are signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have IAS-relevant national legislation. Although IAS pressure has apparently driven the policy response, this has clearly not been sufficient and/or adequately implemented to reduce biodiversity impact. Main conclusions For this indicator of threat to biodiversity, the 2010 Biodiversity Target has thus not been achieved. The results nonetheless provide clear direction for bridging the current divide between information available on IAS and that needed for policy and management for the prevention and control of IAS. It further highlights the need for measures to ensure that policy is effectively implemented, such that it translates into reduced IAS pressure and impact on biodiversity beyond 2010. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biological invasions; Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 Biodiversity Target; Environmental legislation; Invasive alien species; Red List Index; Species richness	biodiversity; biological invasion; invasive species; policy analysis; policy implementation; Red List; species diversity; species richness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349925243	The impact of shrub encroachment on savanna bird diversity from local to regional scale	Sirami C., Seymour C., Midgley G., Barnard P.	2009	Diversity and Distributions	15	6	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00612.x	Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick, Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Sirami, C., Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Seymour, C., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Midgley, G., Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Barnard, P., Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick, Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Aim Evidence is accumulating of a general increase in woody cover of many savanna regions of the world. Little is known about the consequences of this widespread and fundamental ecosystem structural shift on biodiversity. Location South Africa. Methods We assessed the potential response of bird species to shrub encroachment in a South African savanna by censusing bird species in five habitats along a gradient of increasing shrub cover, from grassland/;open woodland to shrubland dominated by various shrub species. We also explored historical bird species population trends across southern Africa during the second half of the 20th century to determine if any quantifiable shifts had occurred that support an ongoing impact of shrub encroachment at the regional scale. Results At the local scale, species richness peaked at intermediate levels of shrub cover. Bird species composition showed high turnover along the gradient, suggesting that widespread shrub encroachment is likely to lead to the loss of certain species with a concomitant decline in bird species richness at the landscape scale. Finally, savanna bird species responded to changes in vegetation structure rather than vegetation species composition: bird assemblages were very similar in shrublands dominated by Acacia mellifera and those dominated by Tarchonanthus camphoratus. Main conclusions Shrub encroachment might have a bigger impact on bird diversity in grassland than in open woodland, regardless of the shrub species. Species recorded in our study area were associated with historical population changes at the scale of southern Africa suggesting that shrub encroachment could be one of the main drivers of bird population dynamics in southern African savannas. If current trends continue, the persistence of several southern African bird species associated with open savanna might be jeopardized regionally. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biome shift; Bush encroachment; Global change; Land cover change; Landscape heterogeneity	biodiversity; bird; demographic trend; ecosystem structure; environmental disturbance; global change; habitat loss; population dynamics; savanna; shrub; shrubland; species richness; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia mellifera; Aves; Tarchonanthus camphoratus	None
None	None	Impact of habitat alteration on endemic Afromontane chameleons: Evidence for historical population declines using hierarchical spatial modelling	Shirk P.L., Linden D.W., Patrick D.A., Howell K.M., Harper E.B., Vonesh J.R.	2014	Diversity and Distributions	20	10	10.1111/ddi.12239	Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Division of Forestry, Natural Resources and Recreation, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smith's, NY, United States; Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Maine Cooperative Fish, Wildlife Research Unit, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States	Shirk, P.L., Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Linden, D.W., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Maine Cooperative Fish, Wildlife Research Unit, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States; Patrick, D.A., Division of Forestry, Natural Resources and Recreation, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smith's, NY, United States; Howell, K.M., Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Harper, E.B., Division of Forestry, Natural Resources and Recreation, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smith's, NY, United States; Vonesh, J.R., Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States	Aim: We map estimated historical population declines resulting from species-specific models of sensitivity to habitat fragmentation for three forest-dependent chameleons. Location: East Usambara Mountains, Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Methods: We surveyed three chameleon species (Rhampholeon spinosus, Rhampholeon temporalis and Trioceros deremensis) along 32.2 km of transects and used a hierarchical, distance-sampling model to estimate densities. The model included habitat characteristics at the landscape (patch) and local (transect) scales while accounting for detectability. By analysing the model in a Bayesian framework, we were able to propagate error through the entire analysis and obtain exact solutions despite small sample sizes. We then used our estimated relationships between habitat and density to project chameleon population sizes across current and historical land cover maps of the study area (230 km2), giving an estimate of the impact of anthropogenic habitat alteration on these species. Results: Species' densities increased in larger patches and further from patch edges and varied seasonally. Local vegetation characteristics had significant relationships with expected chameleon densities, though effect sizes were small. Estimates of total current population sizes varied by two orders of magnitude among species, but each was 49-79% higher than detection-naïve estimates. All three declined from estimated historical levels by approximately 60% in the study area, approximately one-third more than would be expected from forest loss alone. Remaining populations of the study species are predominantly located in protected nature reserves, so the future of these species will likely be determined by the degree of protection offered by the nature reserves. Main conclusions: Habitat loss and fragmentation have greatly reduced forest-dependent chameleon population sizes in the East Usambara Mountains. Populations of these species in other areas are experiencing higher rates of habitat loss. Efforts aimed at ensuring the efficacy of protected forests may be a key to conserving remaining populations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Chamaeleonidae; Density-area relationship; Distance sampling; Edge effects; Habitat fragmentation; Hierarchical Bayesian model	Chamaeleonidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858059504	Predicting how adaptation to climate change could affect ecological conservation: Secondary impacts of shifting agricultural suitability	Bradley B.A., Estes L.D., Hole D.G., Holness S., Oppenheimer M., Turner W.R., Beukes H., Schulze R.E., Tadross M.A., Wilcove D.S.	2012	Diversity and Distributions	18	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00875.x	Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa; Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Bradley, B.A., Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Estes, L.D., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Hole, D.G., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Holness, S., Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa, Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Oppenheimer, M., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Turner, W.R., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Beukes, H., Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Tadross, M.A., Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wilcove, D.S., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Aim: Ecosystems face numerous well-documented threats from climate change. The well-being of people also is threatened by climate change, most prominently by reduced food security. Human adaptation to food scarcity, including shifting agricultural zones, will create new threats for natural ecosystems. We investigated how shifts in crop suitability because of climate change may overlap currently protected areas (PAs) and priority sites for PA expansion in South Africa. Predicting the locations of suitable climate conditions for crop growth will assist conservationists and decision-makers in planning for climate change. Location: South Africa. Methods: We modelled climatic suitability in 2055 for maize and wheat cultivation, two extensively planted, staple crops, and overlaid projected changes with PAs and PA expansion priorities. Results: Changes in winter climate could make an additional 2millionha of land suitable for wheat cultivation, while changes in summer climate could expand maize suitability by up to 3.5millionha. Conversely, 3millionha of lands currently suitable for wheat production are predicted to become climatically unsuitable, along with 13millionha for maize. At least 328 of 834 (39%) PAs are projected to be affected by altered wheat or maize suitability in their buffer zones. Main conclusions: Reduced crop suitability and food scarcity in subsistence areas may lead to the exploitation of PAs for food and fuel. However, if reduced crop suitability leads to agricultural abandonment, this may afford opportunities for ecological restoration. Expanded crop suitability in PA buffer zones could lead to additional isolation of PAs if portions of newly suitable land are converted to agriculture. These results suggest that altered crop suitability will be widespread throughout South Africa, including within and around lands identified as conservation priorities. Assessing how climate change will affect crop suitability near PAs is a first step towards proactively identifying potential conflicts between human adaptation and conservation planning. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adaptation; Climate change; Crop suitability; Indirect impacts; Maize; South Africa; Species distribution modelling; Wheat	abandoned land; adaptive management; buffer zone; climate change; conservation planning; crop production; decision making; environmental restoration; food security; land use change; maize; nature-society relations; prioritization; protected area; shifting cultivation; subsistence agriculture; wheat; South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943529260	Framework and guidelines for implementing the proposed IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT)	Hawkins C.L., Bacher S., Essl F., Hulme P.E., Jeschke J.M., Kühn I., Kumschick S., Nentwig W., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Rabitsch W., Richardson D.M., Vilà M., Wilson J.R.U., Genovesi P., Blackburn T.M.	2015	Diversity and Distributions	21	11	10.1111/ddi.12379	Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Unit Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland; Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch, New Zealand; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; ISPRA, Inst. for Environmental Protection and Research and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome, Italy; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	Hawkins, C.L., Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Bacher, S., Department of Biology, Unit Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland; Essl, F., Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria; Hulme, P.E., The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch, New Zealand; Jeschke, J.M., Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, Germany, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, Germany; Kühn, I., Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Kumschick, S., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa; Nentwig, W., Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland; Pergl, J., Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Pyšek, P., Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic; Rabitsch, W., Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria; Richardson, D.M., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Vilà, M., Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Wilson, J.R.U., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa; Genovesi, P., ISPRA, Inst. for Environmental Protection and Research and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome, Italy; Blackburn, T.M., Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL Gower Street, London, United Kingdom, Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	Recently, Blackburn et al. (2014) developed a simple, objective and transparent method for classifying alien taxa in terms of the magnitude of their detrimental environmental impacts in recipient areas. Here, we present a comprehensive framework and guidelines for implementing this method, which we term the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa, or EICAT. We detail criteria for applying the EICAT scheme in a consistent and comparable fashion, prescribe the supporting information that should be supplied along with classifications, and describe the process for implementing the method. This comment aims to draw the attention of interested parties to the framework and guidelines, and to present them in their entirety in a location where they are freely accessible to any potential users. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Alien; Environment; Impact; IUCN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961144752	Impacts of invasive Australian acacias: Implications for management and restoration	Le Maitre D.C., Gaertner M., Marchante E., Ens E.-J., Holmes P.M., Pauchard A., O'Farrell P.J., Rogers A.M., Blanchard R., Blignaut J., Richardson D.M.	2011	Diversity and Distributions	17	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00816.x	Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia; Environmental Resource Management, Berkley Road, City of Cape Town, Maitland 7404, South Africa; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile; Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Le Maitre, D.C., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Gaertner, M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Marchante, E., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Ens, E.-J., Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia; Holmes, P.M., Environmental Resource Management, Berkley Road, City of Cape Town, Maitland 7404, South Africa; Pauchard, A., Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile; O'Farrell, P.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rogers, A.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Blanchard, R., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Aim The biophysical impacts of invasive Australian acacias and their effects on ecosystem services are explored and used to develop a framework for improved restoration practices. Location South Africa, Portugal and Chile. Methods A conceptual model of ecosystem responses to the increasing severity (density and duration) of invasions was developed from the literature and our knowledge of how these impacts affect options for restoration. Case studies are used to identify similarities and differences between three regions severely affected by invasions of Australian acacias: Acacia dealbata in Chile, Acacia longifolia in Portugal and Acacia saligna in South Africa. Results Australian acacias have a wide range of impacts on ecosystems that increase with time and disturbance, transform ecosystems and alter and reduce ecosystem service delivery. A shared trait is the accumulation of massive seed banks, which enables them to become dominant after disturbances. Ecosystem trajectories and recovery potential suggest that there are important thresholds in ecosystem state and resilience. When these are crossed, options for restoration are radically altered; in many cases, autogenic (self-driven and self-sustaining) recovery to a pre-invasion condition is inhibited, necessitating active intervention to restore composition and function. Main conclusions The conceptual model demonstrates the degree, nature and reversibility of ecosystem degradation and identifies key actions needed to restore ecosystems to desired states. Control and restoration operations, particularly active restoration, require substantial short- to medium-term investments, which can reduce losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the costs to society in the long term. Increasing restoration effectiveness will require further research into linkages between impacts and restoration. This research should involve scientists, practitioners and managers engaged in invasive plant control and restoration programmes, together with society as both the investors in, and beneficiaries of, more effective restoration. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Acacia; Biodiversity loss; Biological invasions; Degradation ecology; Ecosystem functions; Ecosystem services; Impact mechanisms; Invasive species; Seed banks; Soil nutrients	biological invasion; ecological impact; ecosystem function; ecosystem resilience; ecosystem response; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; environmental disturbance; invasive species; legume; population regulation; restoration ecology; seed bank; soil nutrient; Chile; Portugal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia dealbata; Acacia longifolia; Acacia saligna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875076653	Impacts of past habitat loss and future climate change on the range dynamics of South African Proteaceae	Sarmento Cabral J., Jeltsch F., Thuiller W., Higgins S., Midgley G.F., Rebelo A.G., Rouget M., Schurr F.M.	2013	Diversity and Distributions	19	4	10.1111/ddi.12011	Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany; University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Laboratoire D'Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, Grenoble cedex 9, 38041, France; Institute for Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt/Main, 60438, Germany; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environment Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. Pvt Bag X101, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Biodiversity Planning Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x101, Pretoria, South Africa; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France	Sarmento Cabral, J., Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Jeltsch, F., Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany; Thuiller, W., Laboratoire D'Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, Grenoble cedex 9, 38041, France; Higgins, S., Institute for Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt/Main, 60438, Germany; Midgley, G.F., South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa, School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environment Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. Pvt Bag X101, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Rebelo, A.G., South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; Rouget, M., Biodiversity Planning Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x101, Pretoria, South Africa; Schurr, F.M., Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France	Aim: To assess how habitat loss and climate change interact in affecting the range dynamics of species and to quantify how predicted range dynamics depend on demographic properties of species and the severity of environmental change. Location: South African Cape Floristic Region. Methods: We use data-driven demographic models to assess the impacts of past habitat loss and future climate change on range size, range filing and abundances of eight species of woody plants (Proteaceae). The species-specific models employ a hybrid approach that simulates population dynamics and long-distance dispersal on top of expected spatio-temporal dynamics of suitable habitat. Results: Climate change was mainly predicted to reduce range size and range filling (because of a combination of strong habitat shifts with low migration ability). In contrast, habitat loss mostly decreased mean local abundance. For most species and response measures, the combination of habitat loss and climate change had the most severe effect. Yet, this combined effect was mostly smaller than expected from adding or multiplying effects of the individual environmental drivers. This seems to be because climate change shifts suitable habitats to regions less affected by habitat loss. Interspecific variation in range size responses depended mostly on the severity of environmental change, whereas responses in range filling and local abundance depended mostly on demographic properties of species. While most surviving populations concentrated in areas that remain climatically suitable, refugia for multiple species were overestimated by simply overlying habitat models and ignoring demography. Main conclusions: Demographic models of range dynamics can simultaneously predict the response of range size, abundance and range filling to multiple drivers of environmental change. Demographic knowledge is particularly needed to predict abundance responses and to identify areas that can serve as biodiversity refugia under climate change. These findings highlight the need for data-driven, demographic assessments in conservation biogeography. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biodiversity refugia; CFR Proteaceae; Climate change; Demographic properties; Habitat loss; Local abundances; Process-based range models; Range filling; Range size; Species distribution models	abundance; Cape Floristic Region; climate change; demography; dicotyledon; dispersal; environmental impact assessment; geographical distribution; habitat loss; population dynamics; range size; refugium; South Africa; Proteaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863582043	Potential impacts of climatic change on southern African birds of fynbos and grassland biodiversity hotspots	Huntley B., Barnard P.	2012	Diversity and Distributions	18	8	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00890.x	School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Birds and Environmental Change Programme, Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Huntley, B., School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Barnard, P., Birds and Environmental Change Programme, Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Aim To examine potential impacts of climatic change on bird species richness of the fynbos and grassland biomes, especially on species of conservation concern, and to consider implications for biodiversity conservation strategy. Location Southern Africa, defined for this study as South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Methods Climate response surfaces were fitted to model relationships between recorded distributions and reporting rates of 94 species and current bioclimatic variables. These models were used to project species' potential ranges and reporting rates for future climatic scenarios derived from three general circulation models for 30-year periods centred on 2025, 2055 and 2085. Results were summarized for species associated with each biome and examined in detail for 12 species of conservation concern. Results Species richness of fynbos and grassland bird assemblages will potentially decrease by an average of 30-40% by 2085 as a result of projected climatic changes. The areas of greatest richness are projected to decrease in extent and to shift in both cases. Attainment of projected shifts is likely to be limited by extent of untransformed habitat. Most species of conservation concern are projected to decrease in range extent, some by >60%, and to decrease in reporting rate even where they persist, impacts upon their populations thus being greater than might be inferred from decreases in range extent alone. Two species may no longer have any areas of suitable climatic space by 2055; both already appear to be declining rapidly. Main conclusions Species losses are likely to be widespread with most species projected to decrease in range extent. Loss of key species, such as pollinators, may have far-reaching implications for ecosystem function and composition. Conservation strategies, and identification of species of conservation concern, need to be informed by such results, notwithstanding the many uncertainties, because the certainties of climatic change make it essential that likely impacts not to be ignored. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Conservation strategy; Fynbos biome; Grassland biome; Red list species; Southern africa; Species' distribution models	biodiversity; biome; bird; climate change; conservation management; ecological modeling; fynbos; grassland; habitat conservation; habitat loss; hot spot; population decline; population distribution; Red List; species richness; uncertainty analysis; Southern Africa; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74549172109	Assessing the impacts of climate change and land transformation on Banksia in the South West Australian Floristic Region	Yates C.J., McNeill A., Elith J., Midgley G.F.	2010	Diversity and Distributions	16	1	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00623.x	Science Division, Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation, Bentley Delivery Centre, LMB 104, WA 6983, Australia; School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa	Yates, C.J., Science Division, Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation, Bentley Delivery Centre, LMB 104, WA 6983, Australia; McNeill, A., Science Division, Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation, Bentley Delivery Centre, LMB 104, WA 6983, Australia; Elith, J., School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Midgley, G.F., South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa	Aim To determine the potential combined effects of climate change and land transformation on the modelled geographic ranges of Banksia. Location Mediterranean climate South West Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR). Methods We used the species distribution modelling software Maxent to relate current environmental conditions to occurrence data for 18 Banksia species, and subsequently made spatial predictions using two simple dispersal scenarios (zero and universal), for three climate-severity scenarios at 2070, taking the impacts of land transformation on species' ranges into account. The species were chosen to reflect the biogeography of Banksia in the SWAFR. Results Climate-severity scenario, dispersal scenario, biogeographic distribution and land transformation all influenced the direction and magnitude of the modelled range change responses for the 18 species. The predominant response of species to all climate change scenarios was range contraction, with exceptions for some northern and widespread species. Including land transformation in estimates of modelled geographic range size for the three climate-severity scenarios generally resulted in smaller gains and larger declines in species ranges across both dispersal scenarios. Including land transformation and assuming zero dispersal resulted, as expected, in the greatest declines in projected range size across all species. Increasing climate change severity greatly increased the risk of decline in the 18 Banksia species, indicating the critical role of mitigating future emissions. Main conclusions The combined effects of climate change and land transformation may have significant adverse impacts on endemic Proteaceae in the SWAFR, especially under high emissions scenarios and if, as expected, natural migration is limiting. Although these results need cautious interpretation in light of the many assumptions underlying the techniques used, the impacts identified warrant a clear focus on monitoring across species ranges to detect early signs of change, and experiments that determine physiological thresholds for species in order to validate and refine the models. © 2009 Western Australian Government.	Biodiversity hotspot; Climate change; Habitat fragmentation; Maxent; Mediterranean-type ecosystem; Species distribution model	biodiversity; climate change; climate effect; dispersal; evergreen tree; floristics; habitat fragmentation; landscape change; physiology; phytogeography; population distribution; range size; software; Australia; Banksia; Proteaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902593551	Complex tactile performance in low visibility: The effect of nitrogen narcosis	van Wijk C.H., Meintjes W.A.J.	2014	Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine	44	2	None	Division of Community Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	van Wijk, C.H., Division of Community Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Meintjes, W.A.J., Division of Community Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Background: In a task-environment where visibility has deteriorated, individuals rely heavily on tactile performance (perception and manipulation) to complete complex tasks. When this happens under hyperbaric conditions, factors like nitrogen narcosis could influence a person's ability to successfully complete such tasks. Objective: To examine the effect of nitrogen narcosis on a complex neuropsychological task measuring tactile performance at a pressure of 608 kPa (6 atm abs), in the absence of visual access to the task. Methods: In a prospective cross-over study, 139 commercial divers were tested in a dry chamber at 101.3 kPa and 608 kPa. They completed the Tupperware Neuropsychological Task (TNT) of tactile performance without visual access to the task, and completed questionnaires to provide psychological and biographical data, which included trait anxiety and transient mood states, as well as formal qualifications and technical proficiency. Results: A significant decrement (9.5%, P < 0.001) in performance on the TNT at depth was found, irrespective of the sequence of testing. Generally, neither the psychological nor biographical variables showed any significant effect on tactile performance. Tactile performance on the surface was a good indicator of performance at depth. Conclusion: These findings have practical implications for professional diving where conditions of low visibility during deeper diving occur. Recommendations are made towards managing potential impairments in tactile performance, such as pre-dive practical learning ('rehearsal') as an aid to successful completion of tasks.	Deep diving; Diving research; Nitrogen narcosis; Performance; Psychology	deep diving; diving research; Nitrogen narcosis; performance; psychology; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Atmospheric Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Diving; Educational Status; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Humans; Inert Gas Narcosis; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prospective Studies; Seawater; Sensory Deprivation; Task Performance and Analysis; Touch; Touch Perception; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958810394	Empirical analysis of impact of capital market development on Nigeria's economic growth (1981-2008) (case study: Nigerian stock exchange)	Obiakor R.T., Okwu A.T.	2011	DLSU Business and Economics Review	20	2	None	Babcock University, Nigeria	Obiakor, R.T., Babcock University, Nigeria; Okwu, A.T., Babcock University, Nigeria	This study empirically examined the impact of capital market development on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2008. The major tool we employed for empirical analysis is a multiple regression analysis model specified on the basis of hypothesized functional relationship between capital market development and economic growth. For capital market development indicators, we considered ratios of value of shares traded, market capitalization, gross capital formation and foreign private investment, to gross domestic product, as explanatory variables, while we used growth rate of gross domestic product as the dependent variable. We introduced an error correction term to capture the flexibility in adjustment to long-run equilibrium. We estimated the model via the ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques. Further, we evaluated the model using relevant statistics. The results showed that while market capitalization, gross capital formation, and foreign private investment individually exerted statistically significant impact on growth of the economy, value of shares traded exerted positive but statistically insignificant impact during the review period. However, the variables jointly exerted statistically significant impact on growth of the economy. In addition, the model exhibited a very high explanatory power and high flexibility in adjustment to long-run equilibrium. The variables time series were stationary at second difference, showed existence of long-run relationship between the two sets of variables, and exhibited stability for the study period. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, sustainable development of the capital market to enhance faster rates of capital accumulation for greater productivity gains and economic growth as well as the need to complement market development with real sector macroeconomic policy thrust like significant reduction in lending rates to stimulate investment and manufacturing activities in the real sector and translate capital market gains to real sector output growth. © 2011 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Capital market; Development; Economic growth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874253215	Impact of adopting enterprise resource planning systems by commercial organizations in Kenya	Abdullabhai M., Acosta F.	2012	DLSU Business and Economics Review	21	2	None	Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	Abdullabhai, M., Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Acosta, F., Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	The purpose of our research is to understand the benefits Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems render to commercial organizations in Kenya and to understand the challenges that affect the ERP Implementation process. These benefits and challenges have direct impact on the performance of the business; therefore the study seek to understand the complexity of these two factors. Thirty five organizations participated in our research. We established what kind of benefits were realized by various sizes of organization adopting ERP systems, and the differences that exist among challenges and benefits with respect to the size of the organization and age of ERP System. Lastly, our research also identifies how various benefits and challenges are interconnected and interdependent. © 2012 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Benefits; Challenges; ERP systems; Implementation; Kenyan business environment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880833150	Impact of cooperative finance on household income generation	Oluyombo O.O.	2013	DLSU Business and Economics Review	23	1	None	Department of Financial Studies, Redeemer's University, Ogun State, Nigeria	Oluyombo, O.O., Department of Financial Studies, Redeemer's University, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study assesses the role played by cooperative societies' loans services on members' economic condition through household income generation in rural areas where there is no bank or other formal financial providers. Using a questionnaire technique, the study covers the activities of cooperative societies located in rural communities and villages outside the state capital and local government headquarters where there is no electricity, water, and tarred road in Ogun State, Nigeria. Data are analysed using chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and effect size. The study found that participation in a cooperative is associated with increase in household income, while membership duration, house ownership, and marital status are the three variables that contributed significantly to the increase in household income reported by members in addition to the program loan. The result indicates specifically that being a cooperative member for a longer period of time and living in rented houses were significant contributory factors towards increase in household income. However, there was no difference in the number of increase in household income reported based on marital status of the members. The use of cooperative loan increases household income level of the borrowers because the loan serves as additional investment and therefore helps to improve economic position for better living standard of the members. The increase in household income through cooperative loan is a financial capital which supports the social capital theory to explain the role of cooperatives in rural finance at the household level. © 2013 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Cooperative; Economic condition; Household income; Rural finance; Social capital	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953701394	Neuropsychological performance of South African treatment-naïve adolescents with alcohol dependence	Ferrett H.L., Carey P.D., Thomas K.G.F., Tapert S.F., Fein G.	2010	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	110	42371	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.019	Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Neurobehavioral Research Inc, 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1030, Honolulu, HI 90814, United States	Ferrett, H.L., Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; Carey, P.D., Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; Thomas, K.G.F., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tapert, S.F., University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Fein, G., Neurobehavioral Research Inc, 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1030, Honolulu, HI 90814, United States	Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) in developmentally vulnerable adolescents is ubiquitous and confers a risk for long-term neurocognitive sequelae, yet comorbid substance use disorders and psychopathology can complicate interpretations. Here, we compare cognitive functioning in adolescents with and without AD, who are free from comorbid disorders. Methods: English- and Afrikaans-speaking adolescents (13-15 years) of mixed ancestry and low socio-economic status were recruited from the Cape Town region of South Africa. Adolescents with psychiatric, developmental, or other substance use disorders (SUDs) were excluded.AD (n=26) and control (n=26) groups were matched on age, gender, language, and level of education. Neuropsychological testing in participants' home language followed detailed medical/psychiatric evaluation. Results: Although our sample included participants who smoked tobacco, lifetime dosage of other drugs was negligible. When tobacco and other drug use as well as demographic variables were controlled, adolescents with AD performed more poorly on measures of Verbal Story Memory, Self-Monitoring, and Psychomotor Speed and Coordination. Conclusions: These preliminary results, although relatively subtle, suggest that adolescents with AD may be at increased risk for failure to reach optimal levels of neuromaturation, and may be susceptible to cognitive problems associated with protracted alcohol consumption. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adolescents; Alcohol; Health effects; Neuropsychology	adolescent; alcoholism; article; clinical article; cognition; comorbidity; controlled study; education; ethnic group; female; human; language; male; neuropsychological test; neuropsychology; priority journal; scoring system; social status; South Africa; substance abuse; verbal memory; Adolescent; Alcoholism; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuropsychological Tests; Problem Solving; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis; Social Class; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Verbal Learning; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896692504	In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of aloe whole leaf and gel materials	Du Plessis L.H., Hamman J.H.	2014	Drug and Chemical Toxicology	37	2	10.3109/01480545.2013.834356	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa	Du Plessis, L.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa	Aloe gel and whole-leaf materials have shown biological effects with potential therapeutic applications, and recently, their drug-Absorption enhancement properties have been discovered. It is important to establish a safety profile for these materials before they can be used in pharmaceutical products. The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Aloe vera, Aloe marlothii, Aloe speciosa and Aloe ferox against human hepatocellular (HepG2), human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and human adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa). Flow cytometry was used to measure cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aloe gel materials investigated only decreased cell viability at concentrations of >10mg/mL and exhibited half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values above 1000mg/mL, except for A. vera gel in HepG2 cells (CC50=269.3mg/mL). A. speciosa whole-leaf material showed a significant decrease in viability of Hela cells, whereas the other whole-leaf materials did not show a similar effect. The aloe gel materials in general showed low levels of apoptosis, whereas A. vera and A. speciosa whole-leaf materials caused a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in HeLa cells. None of the aloe materials investigated exhibited a significant increase in ROS. It can be concluded that the selected aloe materials caused only limited reduction in cell viability with limited in vitro cytotoxicity effects. Further, neither significant apoptosis effects were observed nor induction of ROS. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.	A. ferox; A. marlothii; A. speciosa; A. vera; Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Reactive oxygen species	Aloe ferox extract; Aloe marlothii extract; Aloe speciosa extract; Aloe vera extract; antineoplastic agent; daltonmax 700; emodin; reactive oxygen metabolite; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Aloe marlothii; Aloe speciosa; Aloe vera; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; cell strain HepG2; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; drug screening; female; flow cytometry; gel; HeLa cell; human; human cell; in vitro study; neuroblastoma cell; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Aloe; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flow Cytometry; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Reactive Oxygen Species; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350266897	Formulation and in vitro evaluation of a PEGylated microscopic lipospheres delivery system for ceftriaxone sodium	Attama A.A., Okafor C.E., Builders P.F., Okorie O.	2009	Drug Delivery	16	8	10.3109/10717540903334959	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Developme	Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okafor, C.E., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Okorie, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate in vitro, ceftriaxone sodium lipospheres dispersions for oral administration. Ceftriaxone sodium lipospheres were prepared by melt-emulsification using 30%w/w Phospholipon ® 90H in Softisan® 154 as the lipid matrix containing increasing quantities of PEG 4000 (10, 20, 30, and 40%w/w). Characterization based on particle size, particle morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and pH were carried out on the lipospheres. Microbiological studies of the ceftriaxone sodium-loaded lipospheres were performed using Escherichia coli as the model organism. In vitro permeation of ceftriaxone sodium from the lipospheres through artificial membrane (0.22μm pore size) was carried out using Franz cell and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin as acceptor medium. Photomicrographs revealed spherical particles within a micrometer range with minimal growth after 1 month (Maximum size=64.76±3.81μm). Microbiological studies indicated that lipospheres formulated with 20%w/w of PEG 4000 containing 2%w/w or 3%w/w of ceftriaxone sodium gave significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher inhibition zone diameter than those with 30%w/w or 40%w/w of PEG 4000. The result also indicated that lipospheres with 10%w/w PEG 4000 resulted in significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (p&lt;0.05) while those with 30%w/w gave the least, while the loading capacity values ranged from 3.22mg of ceftriaxone sodium/100mg of lipid to 6.36mg of ceftriaxone sodium/100mg of lipid. Permeation coefficient values varied and ranged from 8.55×10-7 cm/s to 2.08×10-6 cm/s depending on the concentration of PEG 4000. The result of this study gave insight that the issue of ceftriaxone stability in oral formulation could be adequately addressed by tactical engineering of lipid drug delivery systems such as lipospheres. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.	Ceftriaxone sodium; Drug release; Lipospheres; PEGylation; Permeation; Phospholipid	avicef; ceftriaxone; macrogol 4000; palm oil; phosphatidylcholine; softisan; unclassified drug; article; artificial membrane; controlled study; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug penetration; emulsion; encapsulation; Escherichia coli; intestine fluid; microphotography; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; particle size; pH; priority journal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Cell Membrane Permeability; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Stability; Escherichia coli; Membranes, Artificial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microspheres; Particle Size; Phospholipids; Polyethylene Glycols; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937935916	Formulation development and evaluation of the anti-malaria properties of sustained release artesunate-loaded solid lipid microparticles based on phytolipids	Chinaeke E.E., Chime S.A., Onyishi V.I., Attama A.A., Okore V.C.	2015	Drug Delivery	22	5	10.3109/10717544.2014.881633	Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Chinaeke, E.E., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onyishi, V.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okore, V.C., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Contexts: Artemisinins and its derivatives are considered the basis in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria due to their high potency and rapid action. However, they have short half life, low solubility, and poor oral bioavailability, hence the need to formulate sustained release lipid particulate dosage form of these drugs. Objectives: To formulate and evaluate artesunate-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) based on structured lipid matrices consisting of soybean oil and dika wax. Materials and methods: The lipid matrices were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The SLMs were prepared by hot melt-homogenization. Time-dependent particle size analysis, time-dependent pH stability studies, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and in vitro drug release were carried out on the SLMs. In vivo anti-malarial studies were performed using a modified Peter's 4-day suppressive protocol using Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results and discussion: Thermograms of the lipid matrices showed modifications in the microstructure of dika wax as a result of inclusion of soybean oil. SAXD and WAXD diffractograms showed that the lipid matrices were found to be non-lamellar. Particle size of SLM increased with time, while the pH was almost constant. The SLMs had maximum EE% of 80.6% and sustained the release of artesunate more than the reference tablet. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies showed that the SLMs had significant (p < 0.05) reduction in parasitaemia compared with reference tablet. Conclusion: Artesunate-loaded SLMs could be used once daily in the treatment of malaria. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.	Artesunate; Dika wax; Hemozoin; Parasitaemia reduction; Peter's suppressive test; Soybean oil	artesunate; dika wax; drug carrier; lipid; solid lipid microparticle; soybean oil; unclassified drug; wax; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; Article; chemical structure; controlled study; differential scanning calorimetry; drug delivery system; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug stability; evaluation study; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; microencapsulation; mouse; nonhuman; parasitemia; particle size; pH; physical chemistry; Plasmodium berghei infection; priority journal; rat; small angle x ray diffraction; sustained drug release; thermography; timed drug release; wide angle x ray diffraction; X ray diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879018579	Formulation and evaluation of novel solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release system for the delivery of metformin hydrochloride	Momoh M.A., Kenechukwu F.C., Attama A.A.	2013	Drug Delivery	20	04-Mar	10.3109/10717544.2013.779329	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Momoh, M.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Kenechukwu, F.C., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The low encapsulation efficiency of conventional solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) especially for hydrophilic drugs has remained a challenge to drug formulation experts. This work seeks to address the issue of inefficient delivery of metformin hydrochloride (MTH), a potent hydrophilic oral antihyperglycemic agent, using novel SLMs based on solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) prepared by melt-emulsification using a lipid derived from Capra hircus and Phospholipon® 90H. Characterization based on size, morphology, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), loading capacity (LC) and time-resolved stability were carried out on the SLMs. The in vitro release of MTH from the SLMs was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) while the in vivo antidiabetic properties were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Stable, spherical and smooth SLMs were obtained. Loading of MTH into the SLMs had no effect on the surface charge of the particles. The SLMs with 1.0%w/w PEG 4000 resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE% while those with 2.0%w/w gave the least. The LC values ranged from 20.3 to 29.1 and 14.6 to 24.1 for SLMs containing 500 mg and 250 mg of MTH, respectively. The in vitro release studies revealed significant release of MTH from the SLMs whereas the in vivo antidiabetic studies indicated that novel SLMs containing 500 mg of MTH gave significantly (p < 0.05) higher glucose reduction than glucophage®. This research has shown that SLMs based on SRMS offer a new and better approach of delivering MTH, thus encouraging further development of this formulation. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Anti-diabetic; Encapsulation efficiency; Metformin hydrochloride; Release; Solid lipid microparticles	buffer; glucose; macrogol 4000; metformin; phosphatidylcholine; solid lipid nanoparticle; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; article; controlled study; dispersion; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug screening; drug stability; emulsion; female; glucose blood level; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; micelle; morphology; nanoencapsulation; nonhuman; particle size; physical chemistry; priority journal; productivity; rat; surface charge; sustained drug release; zeta potential; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Goats; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Metformin; Microspheres; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Random Allocation; Rats	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939825679	Evaluation of trends of drug-prescribing patterns based on WHO prescribing indicators at outpatient departments of four hospitals in southern Ethiopia	Summoro T.S., Gidebo K.D., Kanche Z.Z., Woticha E.W.	2015	Drug Design, Development and Therapy	9	None	10.2147/DDDT.S83588	School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, of Health and Medicine, Wolaita University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia	Summoro, T.S., School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Gidebo, K.D., School of Public Health, of Health and Medicine, Wolaita University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Kanche, Z.Z., School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Woticha, E.W., School of Public Health, of Health and Medicine, Wolaita University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia	Background: Rational prescribing is a primary step to ensure rational drug use. Often, half of the medicines are prescribed irrationally and half of these are even used incorrectly as the patients fail to take their medicines appropriately. The aim of this research was to evaluate drug-prescribing patterns of four hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between May 15 and June 25, 2014, to evaluate the drug-prescribing patterns based on the World health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. The prescription papers, kept for the last 1 year in the outpatient departments of the four hospitals, were analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Also, prescriptions in the hospitals were analyzed to determine the most frequently prescribed drugs. All the statistical calculations were performed using SPSS® version 20.0 software. Results and discussion: The average number of drugs per prescription ranges from 1.82±0.90 to 2.28±0.90, whereas the percentage of use of antibiotics and injections ranged from 46.7 to 85 and 15 to 61.7, respectively. The average percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name and from the essential drugs list were 95.8 and 94.1, respectively. Anti-infective and analgesic drugs are found to be the most frequently prescribed medicines. In terms of polypharmacy, there was a slight deviation in prescribing patterns from what is acceptable according to the WHO criteria. Prescribing by generic name and from essential drug list was almost optimal. There was a significant deviation in the use of injectables in two of the four hospitals (50%), whereas their use in the other two hospitals was within the acceptable range. The use of antibiotics in all the hospitals in present study was higher than the acceptable range. Conclusion: Generally, it seems that there is need for improvement of the prescribing patterns in the hospitals, although this should be consolidated with further studies to link the patient diagnosis and the prescribed medications. © 2015 Summoro et al.	Ethiopia; Hospitals; Medicines; Prescribing indicators; Rational prescribing	amoxicillin; ampicillin; cefalexin; ceftriaxone; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; diclofenac; doxycycline; ferrous sulfate; furosemide; ibuprofen; metronidazole; multivitamin; norfloxacin; omeprazole; paracetamol; prednisolone; sodium chloride; tetracycline; tramadol; adolescent; adult; Article; child; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; female; human; major clinical study; male; middle aged; outpatient department; polypharmacy; practice guideline; prescription; retrospective study; trend study; world health organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952616547	Chitosan-polycarbophil interpolyelectrolyte complex as a matrix former for controlled release of poorly water-soluble drugs I: In vitro evaluation	Lu Z., Chen W., Hamman J.H.	2010	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	36	5	10.3109/03639040903315579	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Lu, Z., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Chen, W., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Purpose: It was previously shown in our laboratories that the interpolyelectrolyte complex between chitosan and polycarbophil has promise as a matrix former to control the release of water-soluble drugs. This study further investigates the applications of this polymeric complex to produce controlled release matrices for poorly water-soluble drugs. Methods: The swelling, erosion, and drug release performance of matrix-type tablets containing the chitosanpolycarbophil complex as matrix former was compared to those consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and a simple mixture of chitosan and polycarbophil powders. Results: The chitosanpolycarbophil complex matrices showed good swelling with relatively low erosion and slower drug release compared to those prepared from other polymeric materials. They also exhibited release exponent (n) values closer to unity and therefore to zero-order release compared to the other matrices. Conclusions: The chitosanpolycarbophil complex formed matrix-type tablets that controlled the release of poorly water-soluble drugs approaching zero-order kinetics. The mechanism of drug release was mainly diffusion from swollen systems. © 2010 Informa UK, Ltd.	Chitosan; Controlled release; Interpolyelectrolyte complex; Matrix system; Polycarbophil	chitosan; hydrochlorothiazide; hydroxymethylcellulose; ketoprofen; polycarbophil; polymer; article; controlled drug release; controlled release formulation; controlled study; diffusion; drug solubility; in vitro study; powder; tablet formulation; Acrylic Resins; Chitosan; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Polymers; Random Allocation; Solubility; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924989389	Benchtop MRI for pharmacokinetic evaluation of two aqueous-based nano-scaled formulations of oleic acid stabilized magnetite nanocrystals	Belete A., Metz H., Mueller T., Maeder K.	2015	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	41	3	10.3109/03639045.2013.871552	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany	Belete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Metz, H., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Mueller, T., Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Maeder, K., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany	Background: The interplay between numerous factors, including the size, shape, coating, surface charge and composition of particles is known to affect the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs). This makes understanding the role of each factor independently quite challenging. Methods: In the present study, the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biodistribution and hepatic clearance evaluations of two SPIOs Formulations A and B developed from ∼13.5nm hydrophobic oleic acid stabilized monodisperse magnetite nanocrystals core and lipid-based amphiphilic stabilizers were performed using a prototype benchtop MR imager (22MHz) and pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system (20MHz), respectively. Formulation A was composed of mPEG-2000-DSPE and Formulation B was composed of Phospholipon-100H, sucrose ester M-1695 and Cremophor RH-40. Results: The in vivo MRI investigations showed that both formulations were safe and effective as potential liver MR contrast agents with sustained liver contrast for at least seven days. In addition, ex vivo relaxometric investigations revealed that the formulations predominantly distribute to the liver and spleen following I.V. injection. The hepatic clearance kinetics determined based on the relaxometric quantification method indicated that both formulations exhibited a biphasic clearance process with a slow terminal clearance half-life of 11.5 and 12.7 days, respectively, for Formulations A and B. Conclusions: The results of this study showed the potential biomedical applications of the investigated magnetopharmaceutical formulations as MRI contrast agents. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.	Benchtop MRI; Biodistribution; ex vivo relaxometry; Hepatic clearance; Magnetite nanocrystals; MRI contrast agent	amphophile; cremophor; macrogol 2000; magnetite nanocrystal; nanocrystal; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging agent; oleic acid; phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylethanolamine; stabilizing agent; sucrose ester derivative; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; unclassified drug; magnetite nanoparticle; oleic acid; water; animal experiment; animal tissue; aqueous solution; Article; controlled study; drug distribution; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug half life; drug safety; ex vivo study; female; hydrophobicity; in vivo study; liver clearance; mouse; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; quantitative analysis; tissue distribution; animal; Bagg albino mouse; chemistry; drug effects; drug screening; medicinal chemistry; metabolism; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; physiology; procedures; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oleic Acid; Tissue Distribution; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350347141	Evaluation of the material and tablet formation properties of modified forms of dioscorea starches modified forms of dioscorea starches	Odeku O.A., Picker-Freyer K.M.	2009	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	35	11	10.3109/03639040902960185	Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, HalleSaale, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Odeku, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, HalleSaale, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Picker-Freyer, K.M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, HalleSaale, Germany	Starches obtained from four different Dioscorea speciesnamely, White yam (Dioscorea rotundata), Bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum), Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia), and Water yam (Dioscorea alata)were modified by cross-linking, hydroxypropylation, and dual modificationcross-linking followed by hydroxypropylation. The physicochemical, material, and tablet properties of the modified starches were investigated with the aim of understanding their properties to determine their potential use for different applications. The tablet formation properties were assessed using 3D modeling, the Heckel equation, and force-displacement profiles. The analyzed tablet properties were elastic recovery, compactibility, and disintegration. The result indicates that the modifications generally increased the swelling power for all the starches in the rank order hydroxypropyl > hydroxypropylated cross-linked > cross-linked (CL) while the solubility did not show a clear-cut pattern. This indicates that hydroxypropylation generally showed the strongest effects on swelling. Furthermore, hydroxypropylation improved the hot water swelling of the CL starches. The modifications did not cause any detectable morphological change in the starch granules shape or size although slight rupture was observed in some granules. CL starch had the lowest water sorption capacity and hydroxypropylation increased the sorption capacity of the CL starches. The material property results indicate that hydroxypropylation and cross-linking did not significantly improve the flowability and compressibility but improved bonding, which resulted in an increased compaction and higher tablet crushing force even though they all disintegrated rapidly. Thus, the modified Dioscorea starches showed potentials for development as new excipients in solid dosage form design, and they could be useful as disintegrants or for Soft tableting. © Informa UK, Ltd.	Cross-linking; Dioscorea starches; Hydroxypropylation; Modified starch; Tableting; Yam	starch; article; chemical modification; chemical reaction; cross linking; hydroxypropylation; physical chemistry; tablet compression; tablet disintegration; tablet formulation; tablet property; yam; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dioscorea; Drug Compounding; Elasticity; Epoxy Compounds; Excipients; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Chemical; Particle Size; Powder Diffraction; Solubility; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Starch; Surface Properties; Tablets; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953252586	Formulation development and in vitro evaluation of didanosine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the potential treatment of AIDS dementia complex	Wa Kasongo K., Shegokar R., Müller R.H., Walker R.B.	2011	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	37	4	10.3109/03639045.2010.516264	Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Wa Kasongo, K., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Shegokar, R., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Müller, R.H., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Walker, R.B., Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The purpose of this article was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating didanosine (DDI) into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for potential treatment of AIDS dementia complex. Aqueous DDI-free and DDI-loaded NLC were manufactured using hot high-pressure homogenization. The lipid matrix contained a mixture of Precirol® ATO 5 and Transcutol® HP. Photon correlation spectroscopy revealed that the mean particle size for all formulations was below 250 nm with narrow polydispersity indices. In addition, the d99% values for all formulations determined using laser diffractometry were below 400 nm with the span values ranging from 0.84 to 1.0. The zeta potential values ranged from -18.4 to -11.4 mV and the encapsulation efficiency of NLC for DDI ranged from 33.02% to 78.34%. These parameters remained relatively constant for all formulations tested following storage for 2 months at 25°C indicating that all the formulations were relatively stable. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of NLC in all formulations developed relative to the bulk lipid material. In addition, wide-angle X-ray scattering showed that NLC in all formulations tested existed in a single β-modification form and that DDI that had been incorporated into the NLC appeared to be molecularly dispersed in the lipid matrices. Images of the NLC formulations obtained using transmission electron microscopy revealed that all formulations contained a mixture of spherical and nonspherical particles irrespective of the amount of DDI that was added during the manufacture of the formulations. © 2011 Informa UK, Ltd.	Brain dementia complex; didanosine; nanostructured lipid carriers; polymorphism and crystallinity; thermal stability	didanosine; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; drug carrier; glycerol palmitostearate; lipid; nanomaterial; article; crystal structure; differential scanning calorimetry; drug formulation; drug screening; drug structure; encapsulation; HIV associated dementia; in vitro study; laser diffraction; particle size; photon correlation spectroscopy; physical parameters; radiation scattering; temperature; transmission electron microscopy; zeta potential; AIDS Dementia Complex; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Crystallization; Didanosine; Drug Carriers; Humans; Lipids; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nanostructures; Pressure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898639755	In vitro comparative evaluation of monolayered multipolymeric films embedded with didanosine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: A potential buccal drug delivery system for ARV therapy	Jones E., Ojewole E., Kalhapure R., Govender T.	2014	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	40	5	10.3109/03639045.2014.892957	Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Jones, E., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Ojewole, E., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Kalhapure, R., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Govender, T., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Drug delivery via the buccal route has emerged as a promising alternative to oral drug delivery. Didanosine (DDI) undergoes rapid degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, has a short half-life and low oral bioavailability, making DDI a suitable candidate for buccal delivery. Recent developments in buccal drug delivery show an increased interest toward nano-enabled delivery systems. The advantages of buccal drug delivery can be combined with that of nanoparticulate delivery systems to provide a superior delivery system. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the preparation of novel nano-enabled films for buccal delivery of DDI. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared via hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication and were characterized before being incorporated into nano-enabled monolayered multipolymeric films (MMFs). Glyceryl tripalmitate with Poloxamer 188 was identified as most suitable for the preparation of DDI-loaded SLNs. SLNs with desired particle size (PS) (201nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.168) and zeta potential (-18.8mV) were incorporated into MMFs and characterized. Conventional and nano-enabled MMFs were prepared via solvent casting/evaporation using Eudragit RS100 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Drug release from the nano-enabled films was found to be faster (56% versus 20% in first hour). Conventional MMFs exhibited higher mucoadhesion and mechanical strength than nano-enabled MMFs. SLNs did not adversely affect the steady state flux (71.63±13.54μg/cm2h versus 74.39±15.95μg/cm2h) thereby confirming the potential transbuccal delivery of DDI using nano-enabled MMFs. Nano-enabled buccal films for delivery of DDI can be successfully prepared, and these physico-mechanical studies serve as a platform for future formulation optimization work in this emerging field. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Antiretrovirals; Entrapment efficiency; Hydrophilic drug; Mucoadhesion; Permeation; Transmucosal	citric acid triethyl ester; cyclosporin A; didanosine; eudragit rs; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; methanol; paromomycin; placebo; poloxamer; pravastatin; solid lipid nanoparticle; testosterone; tripalmitin; water; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; didanosine; lipid; nanoparticle; poloxamer; polymer; triacylglycerol; tripalmitin; animal experiment; antiviral therapy; article; cheek mucosa; controlled study; cross linking; dispersion; domestic pig; drug design; drug penetration; drug screening; drug solubility; drug stability; drug synthesis; evaporation; lipid analysis; lipid solubility; melting point; mucoadhesion; nanoemulsion; nonhuman; particle size; pH; photon correlation spectroscopy; polymerization; porcine model; room temperature; steady state; sustained drug release; tensile strength; Young modulus; zeta potential; adhesion; buccal drug administration; chemistry; comparative study; drug delivery system; HIV Infections; human; medicinal chemistry; permeability; ultrastructure; Adhesiveness; Administration, Buccal; Anti-HIV Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Didanosine; Drug Delivery Systems; Elastic Modulus; HIV Infections; Humans; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Permeability; Poloxamer; Polymers; Tensile Strength; Triglycerides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447128793	Preparation and evaluation of mucin-gelatin mucoadhesive microspheres for rectal delivery of ceftriaxone sodium	Ofokansi K.C., Adikwu M.U., Okore V.C.	2007	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	33	6	10.1080/03639040701360876	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Ofokansi, K.C., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Adikwu, M.U., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okore, V.C., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Soluble mucin (S-mucin) processed from the small intestines (ileal region) of freshly slaughtered pigs via homogenization, dialysis, centrifugation and lyophilization and its admixtures with type A gelatin were dispersed in an aqueous medium and used to formulate ceftriaxone sodium-loaded mucoadhesive microspheres by the emulsification cross-linking method using arachis oil as the continuous phase. The release profile of ceftriaxone sodium from the microspheres was evaluated in both simulated gastric fluid (SGF) without pepsin (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin (pH 7.4). The microspheres were further evaluated as possible novel delivery system for rectal delivery of ceftriaxone sodium in rats. Release of ceftriaxone sodium from the microspheres in both release media was found to occur predominantly by diffusion following non-Fickian transport mechanism and was higher and more rapid in SIF than in SGF. The results obtained from this study may indicate that ceftriaxone sodium could be successfully delivered rectally when embedded in microspheres formulated with either type A gelatin alone or its admixtures with porcine mucin; hence providing a therapeutically viable alternative route for the delivery of this acid-labile third generation cephalosporin. Copyright © Informa Healthcare.	Ceftriaxone sodium; Microspheres; Rectal delivery; Type A gelatin-porcine mucin admixtures	adhesive agent; arachis oil; ceftriaxone; gelatin; microsphere; mucin; pancreatin; pepsin A; animal experiment; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; centrifugation; controlled study; cross linking; dialysis; drug blood level; drug delivery system; drug diffusion; drug formulation; drug release; emulsion; freeze drying; ileum; isolated organ; male; nonhuman; pH; rat; simulation; small intestine; stomach juice; swine; transport kinetics; Adhesives; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Administration, Rectal; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Drug Delivery Systems; Gelatin; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Microspheres; Mucins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solubility; Swine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750863935	Evaluation of rate of swelling and erosion of verapamil (VRP) sustained-release matrix tablets	Khamanga S.M., Walker R.B.	2006	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	32	10	10.1080/03639040600599822	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Khamanga, S.M., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Walker, R.B., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Tablets manufactured in-house were compared to a marketed sustained-release product of verapamil to investigate the rate of hydration, erosion, and drug-release mechanism by measuring the wet and subsequent dry weights of the products. Swelling and erosion rates depended on the polymer and granulating fluid used, which ultimately pointed to their permeability characteristics. Erosion rate of the marketed product was highest, which suggests that the gel layer that formed around these tablets was weak as opposed to the robust and resistant layers of test products. Anomalous and near zero-order transport mechanisms were dominant in tests and commercial product, respectively. Copyright © Informa Healthcare.	Drug release; Erosion; Eudragit; Surelease; Swelling; Verapamil hydrochloride	calcium phosphate dibasic; carbomer; ethyl cellulose; eudagrit; eudragit; magnesium stearate; microcrystalline cellulose; polymer; verapamil; article; drug formulation; drug penetration; drug release; dry weight; evaluation; gel; hydration; sustained release preparation; tablet formulation; water transport; Calcium Channel Blockers; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Polymers; Tablets; Verapamil; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922227984	The impact of manufacturing variables on in vitro release of clobetasol 17-propionate from pilot scale cream formulations	Fauzee A.F.B., Khamanga S.M., Walker R.B.	2014	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	40	12	10.3109/03639045.2013.842579	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fauzee, A.F.B., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Khamanga, S.M., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Walker, R.B., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different homogenization speeds and times, anchor speeds and cooling times on the viscosity and cumulative % clobetasol 17-propionate released per unit area at 72h from pilot scale cream formulations. A 24 full factorial central composite design for four independent variables were investigated. Materials and methods: Thirty pilot scale batches of cream formulations were manufactured using a Wintech® cream/ointment plant. The viscosity and in vitro release of CP were monitored and compared to an innovator product that is commercially available on the South African market, namely, Dermovate® cream. Results and discussion: Contour and three-dimensional response surface plots were produced and the viscosity and cumulative % CP released per unit area at 72h were found to be primarily dependent on the homogenization and anchor speeds. An increase in the homogenization and anchor speeds appeared to exhibit a synergistic effect on the resultant viscosity of the cream whereas an antagonistic effect was observed for the in vitro release of CP from the experimental cream formulations. The in vitro release profiles were best fitted to a Higuchi model and diffusion proved to be the dominant mechanism of drug release that was confirmed by use of the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Conclusion: The research was further validated and confirmed by the high prognostic ability of response surface methodology (RSM) with a resultant mean percentage error of (±SD) 0.17±0.093 suggesting that RSM may be an efficient tool for the development and optimization of topical formulations. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Anchor speed; Corticosteroids; Homogenization speed; Release kinetics; Response surface methodology; Topical formulations; Viscosity	clobetasol propionate; clobetasol; skin cream; Article; cooling; cream; drug diffusion; drug formulation; drug manufacture; drug release; in vitro study; viscosity; medicinal chemistry; pilot study; procedures; synthesis; topical drug administration; Administration, Topical; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Clobetasol; Pilot Projects; Skin Cream	None
None	None	In vivo evaluation of a mucoadhesive polymeric caplet for intravaginal anti-HIV-1 delivery and development of a molecular mechanistic model for thermochemical characterization	Ndesendo V.M.K., Choonara Y.E., Meyer L.C.R., Kumar P., Tomar L.K., Tyagi C., Du Toit L.C., Pillay V.	2015	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	41	8	10.3109/03639045.2014.947506	Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics and Formulation Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania; Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa	Ndesendo, V.M.K., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa, Department of Pharmaceutics and Formulation Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania; Choonara, Y.E., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa; Meyer, L.C.R., Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Kumar, P., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa; Tomar, L.K., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa; Tyagi, C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa; Pillay, V., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Fac. of Hlth. Sci., Sch. of Therapeut. Sci., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, South Africa	Context and objective: The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate a mucoadhesive caplet resulting from a polymeric blend (polymeric caplet) for intravaginal anti-HIV-1 delivery. Materials and methods: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, ethylcellulose, poly(vinylalcohol), polyacrylic acid and modified polyamide 6, 10 polymers were blended and compressed to a caplet-shaped device, with and without two model drugs 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and microscopic analysis were carried out on the caplets employing temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. In vitro and in vivo drug release analyses as well as the histopathological toxicity studies were carried out on the drug-loaded caplets. Furthermore, molecular mechanics (MM) simulations were carried out on the drug-loaded caplets to corroborate the experimental findings. Results and discussion: There was a big deviation between the Tg of the polymeric caplet from the Tg's of the constituent polymers indicating a strong interaction between constituent polymers. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of specific ionic and non-ionic interactions within the caplet. A controlled near zero-order drug release was obtained for AZT (20 d) and PSS (28 d). In vivo results, i.e. the drug concentration in plasma ranged between 0.012-0.332 mg/mL and 0.009-0.256 mg/mL for AZT and PSS over 1-28 d. Conclusion: The obtained results, which were corroborated by MM simulations, attested that the developed system has the potential for effective delivery of anti-HIV-agents. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.	Histopathological studies; Mucoadhesive polymeric caplet; Polymeric-controlled drug release; Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; ethyl cellulose; polyacrylic acid; polyamide; polylactide; polystyrenesulfonic acid; polyvinyl alcohol; zidovudine; animal experiment; Article; compression; controlled drug release; controlled study; differential scanning calorimetry; drug delivery system; female; histopathology; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; in vitro study; in vivo study; infrared spectrometry; infrared spectroscopy; molecular mechanics; mucoadhesive polymeric caplet; nonhuman; polymerization; scanning electron microscope; simulation; tablet; temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry; thermal analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868702378	Formulation of methanolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus tablets: In vitro evaluation	Chime S.A., Brown S.A., Ugwoke C.E.C., Agubata C.O., Ubah J.O., Onunkwo G.C.	2012	Drug Invention Today	4	7	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy and Env	Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Brown, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ugwoke, C.E.C., Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Agubata, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Ubah, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Onunkwo, G.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The objective of the work was to formulate Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) leaves tablets using acacia and gelatin as binders respectively at a concentrations of 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 %w/w, and to evaluate the phytochemistry of Cymbopogon citratus. The granules were prepared using methanolic extract of Cymbopogon citratus by wet granulation method. The flow properties of the granules were studied. The tablets were evaluated using the necessary official and unofficial tests. The methanol extract of the plant leaves was screened for phytochemical constituents using standard procedures of analysis. The results obtained from micromeritic studies showed that the values obtained were within the standard acceptable limits required for formulation of quality tablets. The mechanical properties of the tablets were significantly affected by the type of binder and concentration used during formulation (p < 0.05). Tablets formulated with 4 %, 6 % and 8 % binder complied with BP specification of ≥ 5KgF. Also, C. citratus tablets formulated with gelatin passed the disintegration time tests for normal release tablets, while, tablets formulated with 2 - 8 % acacia failed the disintegration time test for normal release tablets. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, reducing sugars, steroids, tannins, glycosides, proteins, flavonoids, resins, oils and terpenoids were present at different concentrations, while acid compounds were absent.	Cymbopogon citratus; Folk medicine; Phytochemicals; Tablets	Cymbopogon citratus extract; gelatin; gum arabic; article; concentration (parameters); drug determination; drug granulation; flow rate; in vitro study; plant leaf; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934765966	In vitro evaluation of reversible and time-dependent inhibitory effects of kalanchoe crenata on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities	Awortwe C., Manda V.K., Avonto C., Khan S.I., Khan I.A., Walker L.A., Bouic P.J., Rosenkranz B.	2015	Drug Metabolism Letters	9	1	None	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Synexa Life Sciences, Montague Gardens, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Awortwe, C., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Manda, V.K., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Avonto, C., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Khan, S.I., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Khan, I.A., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Walker, L.A., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Bouic, P.J., Synexa Life Sciences, Montague Gardens, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rosenkranz, B., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Kalanchoe crenata popularly known as “dog’s liver” is used in most African countries for the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma and HIV/AIDS related infections. The evaluation of K. crenata for herb-drug interactions has not been reported. This study therefore aims to evaluate the risk of K. crenata for herb-drug interaction in vitro. Crude methanol and fractions of K. crenata were incubated and preincubated with recombinant human CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Comparative studies were conducted in both human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP to ascertain the inhibition profile of the crude extract and the various fractions. The cocktail approach of recombinant human CYPs was conducted to confirm the inhibition potential of the fractions in the presence of other CYPs. The results showed significant time-dependent inhibition of tested samples on CYP3A4 with crude methanol (39KC), fractions 45A, 45B and 45D given IC<inf>50</inf> fold decrease of 3.29, 2.26, 1.91 and 1.49, respective. Time dependent kinetic assessment of 39KC and 45D showed K<inf>I</inf> and k<inf>inact</inf> values for 39KC as 1.77μg/mL and 0.091 min−1 while that of 45D were 6.45 μg/mL and 0.024 min−1, respectively. Determination of k<inf>inact</inf> based on IC<inf>50</inf> calculations yielded 0.015 and 0.04 min−1 for 39KC and 45D, respectively. Cocktail approach exhibited fold decreases in IC<inf>50</inf> for all test fractions on CYP3A4 within the ranges of 2.10 – 4.10. At least one phytoconstituent in the crude methanol extract of Kalanchoe crenata is a reversible and time-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	Human liver microsomes; Kalanchoe crenata; Recombinant human CYPs; Reversible inhibition; Time-dependent inhibition	cytochrome P450 2C19; cytochrome P450 3A4; Kalanchoe crenata extract; methanol; plant extract; testosterone; unclassified drug; Article; comparative study; herb drug interaction; human; human cell; IC50; in vitro study; intrinsic clearance; Kalanchoe; Kalanchoe crenata; liver microsome; metabolic clearance; priority journal; time-dependent inhibition; Kalanchoe integra crenata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884238048	The Evaluation of CYP2B6 Inhibition by Artemisinin Antimalarials in Recombinant Enzymes and Human Liver Microsomes	Ericsson T., Masimirembwa C., Äbelö A., Ashton M.	2013	Drug Metabolism Letters	6	4	10.2174/1872312811206040004	Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Dept. Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, LAPF Center, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ericsson, T., Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Dept. Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Masimirembwa, C., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, LAPF Center, Harare, Zimbabwe; Äbelö, A., Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Dept. Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Ashton, M., Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Dept. Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden	Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the recommended treatment of uncomplicated P.falciparum malaria by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Some artemisinin compounds and anti-retroviral drugs have been shown to be metabolized by CYP2B6. In the African clinical settings, the likelihood of co-administration of ACTs and antiretroviral drugs is higher than elsewhere, posing the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study aimed to investigate whether artemisinin compounds inhibit CYP2B6 activity in vitro using recombinant CYP2B6 (rCYP2B6) and human liver microsomes (HLM). Values for IC50 and Ki were determined by kinetic analyses using non-linear regression. In vitro to in vivo extrapolations of the likelihood of DDIs where done using a static [I]/Ki approach. Artemisinin and artemether were shown to inhibit CYP2B6 in vitro through a partial mixed type of inhibition, while dihydroartemisinin did not inhibit the enzymatic activity. IC50 values for artemisinin were 9.5 and 9.1 μM for rCYP2B6 and HLM, respectively, after 30 min of incubation. Corresponding values for artemether were 7.5 and 5.4 μM. Artemisinin did not show any time-dependency or requirement of NADPH in its mechanism, indicating a reversible mode of inhibition. Based on the [I]/Ki approach using rCYP2B6, the risk of DDIs for artemisinin was indicated to be medium to high, while artemether had a low risk. The findings indicate a potential but moderate risk of DDIs in the co-administration of artemisinin or artemether with efavirenz in the co-treatment of malaria and HIV/AIDS. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.	Artemether; Artemisinin; Cytochrome P450 2B6; Dihydroartemisinin; Enzyme inhibition; Human liver microsomes; In vitro	antimalarial agent; artemether; artemisinin; cytochrome P450 2B6; dihydroartemisinin; efavirenz; ketoconazole; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ticlopidine; area under the curve; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug blood level; drug metabolism; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; enzyme kinetics; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; in vivo study; incubation time; liver microsome; plasma concentration-time curve; priority journal; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Microsomes, Liver; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Recombinant Proteins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930636912	Evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of Olax subscorpioidea oliv(olacaceae) extract in mice	Adeoluwa O.A., Aderibigbe A.O., Bakre A.G.	2015	Drug Research	65	6	10.1055/s-0034-1382010	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeoluwa, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, A.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Bakre, A.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Olax subscorpioidea is a shrub or tree found in Nigeria, and other parts of Africa. It is indicated in the management of inflammatory disorder, mental illness, convulsion, pain, and cancer. Based on the folkloric use in the management of mental illness, antidepressant activity of Olax subscorpioidea (6.25-50 mg/kg, i. p.) was investigated using forced swimming, tail suspension, yohimbine induced lethality and reserpine induced depression tests. The results showed that, Olax subscorpioidea produced significant dose dependent reduction in immobility time in forced swimming [F (5, 24)=17.22, p<0.0001] and tail suspension [F (5, 24)=14.94, p<0.0001] tests without causing changes in locomotor activity in open field test. It was also found that Olax subscorpioidea significantly reduced diarrhea in reserpine model of depression [F (5, 24)=10, p<0.0001]. None of the doses potentiated yohimbine induced lethality in mice. In conclusion Olax subscorpioidea possessed antidepressant action, thus justifying its use in the management of mental illness. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.	antidepressant; immobility; mental illness; Olax subscorpioidea; yohimbine	antidepressant agent; Olax subscorpioidea extract; plant extract; reserpine; unclassified drug; yohimbine; animal experiment; animal model; antidepressant activity; Article; controlled study; depression; diarrhea; drug response; forced swim test; locomotion; male; mouse; nonhuman; Olacaceae; Olax subscorpioidea; tail suspension test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945448715	Experiences and Lessons From Implementing Cohort Event Monitoring Programmes for Antimalarials in Four African Countries: Results of a Questionnaire-Based Survey	Suku C.K., Hill G., Sabblah G., Darko M., Muthuri G., Abwao E., Pandit J., Osakwe A.I., Elagbaje C., Nyambayo P., Khoza S., Dodoo A.N., Pal S.N.	2015	Drug Safety	38	11	10.1007/s40264-015-0331-7	National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), Uppsala, Sweden; National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Accra, Ghana; National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya; Bayer HealthCare, Middle Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya; National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Medicine Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Advocacy and Training in Pharmacovigilance, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Safety and Vigilance (SAV), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Suku, C.K., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Hill, G., Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), Uppsala, Sweden; Sabblah, G., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Accra, Ghana; Darko, M., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Accra, Ghana; Muthuri, G., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya; Abwao, E., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya; Pandit, J., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya, Bayer HealthCare, Middle Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya; Osakwe, A.I., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Elagbaje, C., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Nyambayo, P., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Medicine Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe; Khoza, S., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Medicine Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Dodoo, A.N., WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Advocacy and Training in Pharmacovigilance, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Pal, S.N., Safety and Vigilance (SAV), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Introduction: Cohort event monitoring (CEM) is an intensive method of post-marketing surveillance for medicines safety. The method is based on prescription event monitoring, which began in the 1970s, and has since been adapted by WHO for monitoring the safety of medicines used in Public Health Programmes. CEM aims to capture all adverse events that occur in a defined group of patients after starting treatment with a specific medicine during the course of routine clinical practice. Objective: The aims of this study were to describe the experiences of National Pharmacovigilance Centres (NCs) that have used CEM to monitor artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria in the African setting, to raise awareness of some of the challenges encountered during implementation and to highlight aspects of the method that require further consideration. Method: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to capture the experiences of NCs that have implemented CEM for active post-marketing surveillance of antimalarial medicines in sub-Saharan Africa. Six NCs were identified as having implemented CEM programmes and were invited to participate in the survey; five NCs indicated willingness to participate and were sent the questionnaire to complete. Results: Four NCs responded to the survey—Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe—providing information on the implementation of a total of six CEM programmes. Their experiences indicate that CEM has helped to build pharmacovigilance capacity within the participating NCs and at the monitoring sites, and that healthcare providers (HCPs) are generally willing to participate in implementing the CEM method. All of the programmes took longer than expected to complete: contributing factors included a prolonged enrolment period and unexpectedly slow data entry. All of the programmes exceeded their budget by 11.1–63.2 %. Data management was identified as a challenge for all participating NCs. Conclusions: The reported experiences of four NCs that have undertaken CEM studies on ACTs indicate that CEM has helped to build pharmacovigilance capacity within NCs and monitoring sites and that HCPs are willing to participate in CEM programmes; however, the method was found to be labour intensive and data management was identified as a challenge. Reducing the workload associated with CEM, particularly in relation to data management, and integrating the method into the routine work of HCPs and NCs should be considered for future implementation. © 2015, The Author(s).	None	artemisinin; Article; awareness; budget; clinical practice; cohort event monitoring; drug surveillance program; Ghana; health care personnel; health care planning; health care survey; health program; human; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; medical information; monitoring; Nigeria; personal experience; priority journal; questionnaire; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875837306	Influence of Cultivar on the Predictive Performance of a Moisture Transport Model Developed for Parboiled Paddy Drying	Onuoha L.N., Aviara N.A., Abdulrahim T.A., Suleiman A.T.	2013	Drying Technology	31	5	10.1080/07373937.2012.709206	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Ka	Onuoha, L.N., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Aviara, N.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Abdulrahim, T.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Suleiman, A.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	A mathematical model for predicting moisture profile in parboiled paddy during drying was developed using the prolate spheroidal coordinate system. The model was solved using the Crank Nicolson central difference scheme and the variation of its predictive potential with paddy cultivar was investigated. Parboiled paddy drying was carried out at 60°C using a cabinet tray dryer. The variation of the moisture ratio of different paddy cultivars (Banki, De-gold, and Liberia) with time and drying rate and with time and moisture content was determined. Model validation was carried out using residual plots, root mean square deviation, and coefficient of determination. The parboiled Banki, De-Gold, and Liberia paddy cultivars had equivalent diameters of 3.73, 4.75, and 3.68 mm, prolate spheroidal geometric dimensions (equatorial and polar radii) of 1.16 and 4.78 mm, 1.22 and 5.45 mm, and 3.10 and 3.92 mm, and effective moisture diffusion coefficient of 2.81934 × 10-10, 5.71515 × 10-10, and 3.77336 × 10-10 m2/s, respectively. Drying of parboiled paddy occurred in the falling rate phase with initial period of induction and critical moisture content that varied with cultivar. The residual plots showed that the model was acceptable for predicting moisture transport in all the cultivars during drying. Comparison of the observed and predicted moisture ratios showed low root mean square deviation and high coefficient of determination, which varied with cultivar indicating that the predictive potential of the model was cultivar dependent. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Finite difference method; Mathematical model; Moisture diffusion; Parboiled paddy drying; Prolate spheroid	Central difference scheme; Coefficient of determination; Critical moisture content; Moisture diffusion; Moisture diffusion coefficient; Prolate spheroid; Prolate spheroidal coordinates; Root mean square deviations; Diffusion; Dryers (equipment); Drying; Finite difference method; Gold; Mathematical models; Moisture; Plants (botany); Moisture determination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858307644	Impact of a community-based programme for motor development on gross motor skills and cognitive function in preschool children from disadvantaged settings	Draper C.E., Achmat M., Forbes J., Lambert E.V.	2012	Early Child Development and Care	182	1	10.1080/03004430.2010.547250	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Draper, C.E., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Achmat, M., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Forbes, J., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lambert, E.V., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	The aims of the studies were to assess the impact of the Little Champs programme for motor development on (1) the gross motor skills, and (2) cognitive function of children in the programme. In study 1, 118 children from one Early Childhood Development Centre (ECDC) were tested using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, and in study 2, 83 children were tested from six ECDCs using the Herbst Early Childhood Development Criteria test. The results showed that children exposed to eight months of Little Champs had significantly better overall scores for locomotor (p < 0.005) and object control (p < 0.01) skills compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant improvement in the cognitive scores of children who participated regularly in the programme (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that even limited exposure to a low intensity programme for motor development can positively impact gross motor skills and cognitive function in disadvantaged preschoolers. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	cognitive; community-based programme; disadvantaged; gross motor; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60749105089	The prevalence of hearing loss among schoolchildren with chronic suppurative otitis media in Nigeria, and its effect on academic performance	Olatoke F., Ologe F.E., Nwawolo C.C., Saka M.J.	2008	Ear, Nose and Throat Journal	87	12	None	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universi	Olatoke, F., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ologe, F.E., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, P.O. Box 6641, Ilorin, Nigeria; Nwawolo, C.C., Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Saka, M.J., Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of hearing loss among 1,500 Nigerian schoolchildren aged 9 to 15 years who had chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). We also attempted to ascertain the effect that this hearing loss had on their academic performance. The study population was drawn from three schools in different socioeconomic tiers - low (n = 300), medium (n = 400), and high (n = 800). Overall, CSOM was present in 35 of these children (2.3%) - 12 from the low-status school (4.0%), 11 from the middle-status school (2.8%), and 12 from the high-status school (1.5%); the overall difference in prevalence among the three schools was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.40; degrees of freedom [df] = 2; p = 0.04). In all, 52 ears were affected by CSOM; of these, 18 (34.6%) had a pure-tone average (PTA) within normal limits, 20 (38.5%) had a mild conductive hearing loss, and 14 (26.9%) had a moderate loss. All but 2 of 160 control ears (1.2%) had hearing thresholds within normal limits. The difference in PTAs across groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 114.89; df = 2; p&lt; 0.001). As for academic performance, cumulative average test scores were significantly lower in the CSOM patients than in the controls - χ2 = 14.57; df = 3; p = 0.002. At the higher end of the academic scale, scores of 66% and higher were obtained by 40.0% of patients and 51.3% of controls, and scores of 50 to 65% were achieved by 20.0% of patients and 37.5% of controls. At the lower end, scores of 40 to 49% were obtained by 31.4% of patients and 6.3% of controls, and scores of 39% and lower were obtained by 8.6% and 5.0%, respectively. We conclude that hearing loss was a significant sequela of CSOM in our study population and that it had an adverse effect on their academic performance. Children in the low socioeconomic group appeared to be more vulnerable. © 2009, Vendome Group, LLC. All rights reserved.	None	antibiotic agent; antihistaminic agent; academic achievement; adolescent; adverse outcome; article; auditory threshold; child; chronic suppurative otitis media; clinical feature; conduction deafness; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; hearing loss; high school; human; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; middle school; Nigeria; population research; population risk; prevalence; pure tone audiometry; school child; scoring system; socioeconomics; student; Achievement; Adolescent; Audiometry, Pure-Tone; Auditory Threshold; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Otitis Media, Suppurative; Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749118625	Zircon U-Pb strain chronometry reveals deep impact-triggered flow	Moser D.E., Davis W.J., Reddy S.M., Flemming R.L., Hart R.J.	2009	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	277	42371	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.036	Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5B7, Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada; Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; iThemba labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Moser, D.E., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5B7, Canada; Davis, W.J., Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada; Reddy, S.M., Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; Flemming, R.L., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5B7, Canada; Hart, R.J., iThemba labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Large (&gt; 100 km) meteorite impact cratering events play important roles in surface and biosphere evolution, however, their potential for widespread ductile modification of the lithosphere has been difficult to assess, due partly to our inability to isotopically age-correlate deep mineral fabrics with surface records. We have integrated benchmark U-Pb zircon dating methods (ID-TIMS, SHRIMP) with new microstructural techniques (EBSD, μXRD) to demonstrate that crystal-plastic deformation can cause rapid out-diffusion of radiogenic Pb and accompanying trace element alteration in crystalline zircon. We have used this phenomenon to directly date fabric in Archean zircons and xenoliths of the lower crust of South Africa at 2023 ± 15 million years, coeval with the 2020 ± 3 million year old Vredefort cratering event at surface, with extent ≥ 20,000 km 2. Our findings indicate that regional exogenic fabrics, similar to high-temperature tectonic fabrics, exist in ancient crust. Moreover, our results establish that crystal-plastic deformation in the lithosphere can now be directly dated and linked to planetary evolution by zircon U-Pb strain chronometry. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	deformation; EBSD; geochronology; impact; planetary; tectonics; U-Pb dating; zircon	Archean; Deep impacts; EBSD; High temperatures; impact; Lower crusts; Meteorite impacts; Microstructural; Mineral fabrics; planetary; Planetary evolutions; South Africa; Tectonic fabrics; U-Pb dating; Zircon dating; Chemical elements; Deformation; Electron diffraction; Fabrics; Geomorphology; Lead; Lead alloys; Meteor impacts; Minerals; Plastic deformation; Silica; Silicate minerals; Tectonics; Trace elements; Zircon; Geochronology; crater; deformation; geochronology; high temperature; planetary evolution; SHRIMP dating; tectonics; trigger mechanism; uranium-lead dating; zircon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49849101838	Reply to comment by W.U. Reimold, R.L. Gibson, and H. Henkel on Muundjua et al. (2007), "Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa", EPSL 261, pp 456-468	Muundjua M., Galdeano A., Carporzen L., Gilder S.A., Hart R.J., Andreoli M.A.G., Tredoux M.	2008	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	273	42433	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.044	Geological Survey of Namibia, Geophysics Division, Private Bag 13297, Windhoek, Namibia; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-72477 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States; Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany; iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Necsa, P. O. Box 582, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of the Free State, Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Muundjua, M., Geological Survey of Namibia, Geophysics Division, Private Bag 13297, Windhoek, Namibia; Galdeano, A., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Carporzen, L., Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-72477 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States; Gilder, S.A., Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany; Hart, R.J., iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Andreoli, M.A.G., Necsa, P. O. Box 582, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Tredoux, M., Department of Geology, University of the Free State, Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	crater; imaging method; impact structure; magnetic property; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548515505	Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa	Muundjua M., Hart R.J., Gilder S.A., Carporzen L., Galdeano A.	2007	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	261	42433	10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.044	iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France	Muundjua, M., iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Hart, R.J., iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Gilder, S.A., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Carporzen, L., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Galdeano, A., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France	While most impact craters are characterised by negative magnetic anomalies over their central regions, aeromagnetic surveys over the Vredefort meteorite impact crater reveal multiple concentric magnetic patterns with no significant anomaly at its centre. We performed ground magnetic surveys across a portion of a prominent negative magnetic anomaly that extends in a broad semicircular belt about half way into the basement floor of the crater. Magnetic anomalies defined by our data are most often negative and occur over a wide range of wavelengths. The longest wavelength negative anomaly coincides well with aeromagnetic data. We find that this feature is centred over the amphibolite to granulite metamorphic facies transition exposed in the basement floor. The transition zone is analogous to the Conrad discontinuity, observed at depths of about 20 km elsewhere in the Kaapvaal craton. Petrographic studies show a marked increase in the intensity of the impact-related thermal and shock metamorphism at this transition, which we explain by the focusing and defocusing of shock waves at a rheologic interface during impact. We therefore suggest that the magnetic signature at this boundary is caused by a combination of both thermal and shock effects related to the impact event. A numerical model of the long wavelength anomaly suggests that it is underlain by a body of coherently magnetised rock whose direction and intensity are similar to those found in pseudotachylites and impact melts that formed during impact. On the other hand, negative anomalies occurring over smaller (100 to 20 m) wavelengths often do not coincide with the surface geology. These features cannot be modeled using the same criteria as that for the long wavelength anomaly. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	magnetic survey; magnetism; meteorite impact; plasma; Vredefort crater	Magnetic imaging; Magnetic survey; Metamorphism; Geomagnetism; Mathematical models; Metamorphic rocks; Meteorites; Petrography; Rheology; Tectonics; aeromagnetic survey; crater; granulite; impact structure; magnetic anomaly; magnetic field; metamorphic facies; petrography; shock metamorphism; wavelength; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49849099236	Scientific comment on "Muundjua et al., 2007: Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa, EPSL 261, 456-468"	Reimold W.U., Gibson R.L., Henkel H.	2008	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	273	42433	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.046	Museum for Natural History, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden	Reimold, W.U., Museum for Natural History, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Gibson, R.L., Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Henkel, H., Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden	[No abstract available]	None	crater; imaging method; impact structure; magnetic property; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60249088541	Generation of fragment-rich pseudotachylite bodies during central uplift formation in the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa	Lieger D., Riller U., Gibson R.L.	2009	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	279	42371	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.031	Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4K1, Canada; Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Lieger, D., Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Riller, U., McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4K1, Canada; Gibson, R.L., Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Target rocks underlying the central portions of large terrestrial impact structures are characterized by the pervasive presence of fragment-rich pseudotachylite bodies. Debates regarding the formation of these bodies include the origin of pseudotachylitic melts, i.e., friction- versus shock-induced melting, melt mobility, causes of target rock fragmentation, and timing of fragmentation and melt emplacement with respect to stages of cratering. Comprehensive structural analysis of pre-impact mineral fabrics and properties of fragment-rich pseudotachylite in the Vredefort Dome suggests that melt is allochthonous and was emplaced at an advanced stage of cratering into tensional fracture zones within the crater floor. Both concentration of bending strains imparted on target rocks during central uplift formation and thermal stresses induced by the emplacement of allochthonous melt led to fragmentation of target rock. Tensional fracture zones formed in an overall dilational strain field towards the end of cratering, likely during collapse of the central uplift, and constitute low pressure zones, into which melt was forcefully drawn. Melt may have been drained from the overlying impact melt sheet or from sites within the crater floor and transported into fragment-rich dilation zones. Our field-based analysis failed to identify the presence of bona fide shear faults that could potentially have generated in situ frictional melts and fragments. Rather, target rock fragmentation and melt generation that resulted in fragment-rich pseudotachylite bodies are processes separated in space and time during cratering. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	central uplift; deformation; impact cratering; pseudotachylite; Vredefort impact structure	Bending strains; central uplift; Concentration of; Fracture zones; impact cratering; Impact melts; In-situ; Induced melting; Low pressure zones; Mineral fabrics; Pre impacts; pseudotachylite; Rock fragmentations; South Africa; Space and time; Strain fields; Vredefort impact structure; Deformation; Elasticity; Floors; Friction; Rocks; Strain; Structural analysis; Structural geology; Targets; Geomorphology; crater; deformation; emplacement; fracture zone; impact structure; pseudotachylite; strain; structural analysis; uplift; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884549824	Turks and Caicos Islands climate and its impacts	Jury M.R.	2013	Earth Interactions	17	18	10.1175/2012ei000490.1	Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Jury, M.R., Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) climate is described using mesoscale ocean and atmosphere datasets with a focus on thermodynamic versus kinematic controls, the influence of the nearby island of Hispaniola, and factors affecting early colonization and fluctuations of marine resources. The key findings include the following: trade winds accelerate to 7 m s21 north of Hispaniola and enhance anticyclonic subsidence; there is a dry-south/wet-north pattern of rainfall that opposes surface temperature and salinity fields; ocean currents near TCI are northwestward but there is a counterclockwise gyre near Haiti that guided colonization; conch catch increases when trade winds strengthen and SST declines; TCI's dry climate limits groundwater resources, food production, and population density; and Caicos Island sheds a wind wake that boosts SST and local convection, as evident in Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) observations and operational model products. Further studies of small island climates will benefit from an ever-increasing stream of mesoscale datasets. © 2013.	Antilles climate; Caicos Island wind wake; Impacts on resources; Marine environment	Antilles; Impacts on resources; Kinematic control; Marine environment; Operational model; Population densities; Quick scatterometer (QuikSCAT); Surface temperatures; Atmospheric temperature; Commerce; Groundwater; Marine biology; Ocean currents; Population statistics; Wakes; Climate models; anticyclone; atmospheric dynamics; climate effect; climatology; island; kinematics; mesoscale meteorology; QuikSCAT; rainfall; sea surface temperature; thermodynamics; trade wind; wake; Turks and Caicos Islands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887563654	Gamma (γ)-Ray Activity as a Tool for Identification of Hidden Ejecta Deposits Around Impact Crater on Basaltic Target: Example from Lonar Crater, India	Bose T., Misra S., Chakraborty S., Reddy K.	2013	Earth, Moon and Planets	111	42371	10.1007/s11038-013-9422-6	Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Bose, T., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Misra, S., School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Chakraborty, S., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Reddy, K., National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Geophysical techniques based on radioactivity measurements are not generally used for exploration of asteroid impact craters. Our studies on the field and laboratory measurements of radioactivity on samples from the Lonar crater, India, show that this technique could be an important method for mapping the distribution of ejecta around the deeply excavated impact craters particularly when these structures are formed on relatively old target rocks/palaeosol. The Lonar ejecta shows ~1.3 times higher γ-ray count rates in the field on average compared to the underlying palaeosol and ~1.9 times higher values over the target basalt while measured by a portable Geiger-Müller pulse counter. The absorbed γ-dose rate (D) of the Lonar samples, computed from 232Th, 238U, and 40K abundances in these samples, also show that the ejecta has distinct bulk dose rates (average ~8.42 nGy h-1) as compared to those of the palaeosol (~18.34 nGy h-1), target basalt (~11.97 nGy h-1), and the impact-melts and spherules (~14 nGy h-1). Therefore, radioactivity mapping of the terrestrial and planetary impact craters by direct methods has importance in mapping ejecta distributions around these structures. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Absorbed γ-dose rate (D); Ejecta; Gamma-radiation; Geiger-Müller pulse counter; Lonar crater; Palaeosol	basalt; crater; ejecta; gamma ray radiation; paleosol; radioactivity; spherule; India; Lonar Crater; Maharashtra; Spherules	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922080297	Contrasting Aerodynamic Morphology and Geochemistry of Impact Spherules from Lonar Crater, India: Some Insights into Their Cooling History	Ray D., Misra S.	2014	Earth, Moon and Planets	114	42371	10.1007/s11038-014-9451-9	PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Discipline of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Ray, D., PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Misra, S., Discipline of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	The ~50 or 570 ka old Lonar crater, India, was excavated in the Deccan Trap flood basalt of Cretaceous age by the impact of a chondritic asteroid. The impact-spherules known from within the ejecta around this crater are of three types namely aerodynamically shaped sub-mm and mm size spherules, and a sub-mm sized variety of spherule, described as mantled lapilli, having a core consisting of ash-sized grains, shocked basalt and solidified melts surrounded by a rim of ash-sized materials. Although, information is now available on the bulk composition of the sub-mm sized spherules (Misra et al. in Meteorit Planet Sci 7:1001–1018, 2009), almost no idea exists on the latter two varieties. Here, we presented the microprobe data on major oxides and a few trace elements (e.g. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn) of mm-sized impact spherules in unravelling their petrogenetic evolution. The mm-sized spherules are characterised by homogeneous glassy interior with vesicular margin in contrast to an overall smooth and glassy-texture of the sub-mm sized spherules. Undigested micro-xenocrysts of mainly plagioclase, magnetite and rare clinopyroxene of the target basalt are present only at the marginal parts of the mm-sized spherules. The minor relative enrichment of SiO2 (~3.5 wt% in average) and absence of schlieren structure in these spherules suggest relatively high viscosity of the parent melt droplets of these spherules in comparison to their sub-mm sized counterpart. Chemically homogeneous mm-sized spherule and impact-melt bomb share similar bulk chemical and trace element compositions and show no enrichment in impactor components. The general depletion of Na2O within all the Lonar impactites was resulted due to impact-induced volatilisation effect, and it indicates the solidification temperature of the Lonar impactites close to 1,100 °C. The systematic geochemical variation within the mm-sized spherules (Mg# ~0.38–0.43) could be attributed to various level of mixing between plagioclase-dominated impact melts and ultrafine pyroxene and/or titanomagnetite produced from the target basalt due to impact. Predominance of schlieren and impactor components (mainly Cr, Ni), and nearly absence of vesicles in the sub-mm sized spherules plausibly suggest that these quenched liquid droplets could have produced from the impactor-rich, hotter (~1,100 °C or more) central part of the plume, whereas the morpho-chemistry of the mm-sized spherules induces their formation from the relatively cool outer part of the same impact plume. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Geochemical fractionation; Heterogeneous impact plume; Meteorite geochemistry; mm-Sized impact spherules; Sub-mm sized spherule	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940734173	TEC prediction performance of the IRI-2012 model over Ethiopia during the rising phase of solar cycle 24 (2009-2011)	Tariku Y.A.	2015	Earth, Planets and Space	67	1	10.1186/s40623-015-0312-1	Department of Physics, University of Ambo, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia	Tariku, Y.A., Department of Physics, University of Ambo, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia	This paper discusses the performance of the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2012) model for estimating the vertical total electron content (VTEC) variation over Ethiopian regions during the rising phase of solar cycle 24 (2009-2011). Ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) VTEC data, inferred from dual-frequency GPS receivers installed at Bahir Dar (geographic latitude 11.6°N and longitude 37.35°E, geomagnetic latitude 2.64°N and longitude 108.94°E), Nazret (geographic latitude 8.57°N and longitude 39.29°E, geomagnetic latitude -0.25°N and longitude 111.01°E), and Robe (geographic latitude 7.11°N and longitude 40.03°E, geomagnetic latitude -1.69°N and longitude 111.78°E), are compared to diurnal, monthly, and seasonal VTEC variations obtained with the IRI-2012 model. It is shown that the variability of the diurnal VTEC is minimal at predawn hours (near 0300 UT, 0600 LT) and maximal between roughly 1000 and 1300 UT (1300-1600 LT) for both the experimental data and the model. Minimum seasonal VTEC values are observed for the June solstice during the period of 2009-2011. Moreover, it is shown that the model better estimates diurnal VTEC values just after the midnight hours (0000-0300 UT, 0300-0600 LT). The modeled monthly and seasonal VTEC values are larger than the corresponding measured values during the period of 2009-2010 when all options for the topside electron density are used. An important finding of this study is that the overestimation of VTEC values derived from the model decreases as the Sun transitions from very low to high solar activity. Moreover, it is generally better to use the model with the NeQuick option for the topside electron density when estimating diurnal, monthly, and seasonal VTEC variations. © 2015 Tariku.	Equatorial ionosphere; GPS-VTEC; IRI-2012 VTEC; Solar cycle	electron density; geomagnetism; GPS; ionosphere; modeling; performance assessment; prediction; solar activity; solar cycle; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894311212	Cloud computing and virtualization within the regional climate model and evaluation system	Mattmann C.A., Waliser D., Kim J., Goodale C., Hart A., Ramirez P., Crichton D., Zimdars P., Boustani M., Lee K., Loikith P., Whitehall K., Jack C., Hewitson B.	2014	Earth Science Informatics	7	1	10.1007/s12145-013-0126-2	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Howard University, WA, DC, United States; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Mattmann, C.A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Waliser, D., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Kim, J., UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Goodale, C., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Hart, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Ramirez, P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Crichton, D., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Zimdars, P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Boustani, M., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Lee, K., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Loikith, P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Whitehall, K., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, Howard University, WA, DC, United States; Jack, C., University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Hewitson, B., University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	The Regional Climate Model Evaluation System (RCMES) facilitates the rapid, flexible inclusion of NASA observations into climate model evaluations. RCMES provides two fundamental components. A database (RCMED) is a scalable point-oriented cloud database used to elastically store remote sensing observations and to make them available using a space time query interface. The analysis toolkit (RCMET) is a Python-based toolkit that can be delivered as a cloud virtual machine, or as an installer package deployed using Python Buildout to users in order to allow for temporal and spatial regridding, metrics calculation (RMSE, bias, PDFs, etc.) and end-user visualization. RCMET is available to users in an "offline", lone scientist mode based on a virtual machine dynamically constructed with model outputs and observations to evaluate; or on an institution's computational cluster seated close to the observations and model outputs. We have leveraged RCMES within the content of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project, working with the University of Cape Town and other institutions to compare the model output to NASA remote sensing data; in addition we are also working with the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). In this paper we explain the contribution of cloud computing to RCMES's specifically describing studies of various cloud databases we evaluated for RCMED, and virtualization toolkits for RCMET, and their potential strengths in delivering user-created dynamic regional climate model evaluation virtual machines for our users. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Apache; Hadoop; Hive; MongoDB; OODT; RCMES; Regional Climate Modeling; Sqoop	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053150203	Geological and geophysical evaluation of the Ajana area's groundwater potential, Southwestern Nigeria [Evaluación geológica y geofísica del potencial de aguas subterráneas de la zona Ajana, el sudoeste de Nigeria]	Ariyo S.O., Folorunso A.F., Ajibade O.M.	2011	Earth Sciences Research Journal	15	1	None	Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Ariyo, S.O., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Folorunso, A.F., Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajibade, O.M., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	A combined geological and geophysical evaluation was made of the groundwater potential of the Ajana, Remo North area in south-western Nigeria; the geology and other structural features of the rocks there strongly influenced and correlated the aquifers' storability and transmissivity. Geological mapping revealed that the area was made up of granite, quartzite and varieties of gneiss, some of which have good secondary porosity and permeability. Ten vertical electric soundings (VES) stations were established using a Schlumberger electrode array. Five geoelectric layers consisting of topsoil, sand, clayey-sandy, fractured/weathered basement and fresh bedrock were delineated. The aquifer layers were the 38.3m thick 283?m resistivity sand/sandy clay and 55 - 518?m resistivity fractured/weathered basement. Other geoelectric parameters used in evaluating the area's hydrogeological potential included curve type, anisotropy coefficient and reflection coefficient-The QH curve type was predominant in the area. The anisotropy Coefficients suggested VES stations having high groundwater potential ranging from 1.4-1.56; while the reflection coefficients for the area ranged from 0.21-0.99. The overall results showed that VES stations 8, 9 and 10 could be possible groundwater sources having high expected yield.	Ajana; Anisotropy coefficient; Geoelectric layers; Groundwater potential; Mapping; Reflection coefficient	anisotropy; electrical resistivity; electrode; geological structure; geophysical method; groundwater abstraction; porosity; transmissivity; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69749116567	Rethinking climate change impacts on subsurface temperatures in a sub-Antarctic mire affected by synoptic scale processes	Nel W., van der Merwe B.J., Meiklejohn K.I.	2009	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	34	10	10.1002/esp.1823	Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Nel, W., Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; van der Merwe, B.J., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Meiklejohn, K.I., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper presents the first high resolution temperature data from a small Agrostis magellanica mire on subantarctic Marion Island as part of an ongoing island-wide monitoring project on subsurface ground temperature variability. Variations in ground temperatures were found to be directly linked to the passage of synoptic scale weather systems that influence thermal characteristics and heat fluxes especially in the upper 30 cm of the mire. Preliminary data published here suggest that shallow temperatures will be most affected by changes in synoptic climate that Marion Island is currently experiencing with an increase in average temperatures and a reduction in temperature variability with depth. This study proposes that to effectively detect the ecosystem responses to climate change in a maritime sub-Antarctic environment the temporal scale of measurement needs to be at least on a diurnal scale to be effective. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Marion Island; Mire temperatures; Synoptic weather	Agrostis; Average temperature; Climate change impact; Ecosystem response; Ground temperature; High resolution temperature datum; Marion Island; Mire temperatures; Preliminary data; Subsurface temperature; Synoptic weather; Temperature variability; Temporal scale; Thermal characteristics; Weather systems; Climate change; climate change; climate effect; heat flux; mire; surface temperature; synoptic meteorology; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean islands; Marion Island; Prince Edward Islands; Agrostis magellanica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954221022	Extreme rainfall and its impact on cultivated landscapes with particular reference to Britain	Boardman J.	2015	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	40	15	10.1002/esp.3792	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Extreme rainfall events (&gt;50mmday-1) falling on cultivated land which is relatively bare of vegetation cover, typically give rise to networks of rills and gullies with ephemeral gullies in depressions and valley bottoms. Farming practices such as the removal of field boundaries, the presence of wheelings and rolled surfaces encourage runoff. The coincidence of vulnerable crops such as maize, potatoes and sugar beet with erodible soils and sloping sites may lead to high rates of erosion associated with single events or wet seasons. Not all extreme rainfall events lead to runoff and erosion, this depends on timing with respect to the growing crop. Rates of erosion associated with extreme events may be high but when placed in a long-term temporal context, they tend to be quite low. Extreme events frequently lead to off-site impacts most notably muddy flooding of properties and the pollution of watercourses. Landscapes may be protected from extreme events by standard soil conservation techniques; off-site impacts may similarly be alleviated by flood-protection measures. In both cases, the challenge is to put in place adequate economic incentives, social pressures and governmental policy frameworks to incentivise effective action. Predicted rainfall changes in the future include wetter winters and increases in rain per rain-day. In this case, the risk of erosion on cultivated land will increase. However, erosion mitigation strategies should still address the issue of the incidence of high-risk crops on vulnerable sites. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cultivated landscapes; Extreme rainfall; Runoff; Soil erosion	Crops; Cultivation; Erosion; Flood control; Floods; Land use; Landforms; Precipitation (meteorology); Runoff; Soil conservation; Soils; Sugar beets; Water pollution; Cultivated landscapes; Economic incentive; Ephemeral gullies; Erosion mitigation; Extreme rainfall; Farming practices; Governmental policies; Soil erosion; Rain; arable land; climate effect; extreme event; precipitation intensity; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; United Kingdom; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892998601	The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements	Peloquin J., Swan C., Gruber N., Vogt M., Claustre H., Ras J., Uitz J., Barlow R., Behrenfeld M., Bidigare R., Dierssen H., Ditullio G., Fernandez E., Gallienne C., Gibb S., Goericke R., Harding L., Head E., Holligan P., Hooker S., Karl D., Landry M., Let	2013	Earth System Science Data	5	1	10.5194/essd-5-109-2013	Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR7093, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Bayworld Centre for Research and Education, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States; Grice Marine Lab, College of Charleston, SC, United States; Departamento Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, United Kingdom; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; University of Maryland Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, United States; Ecosystem Research Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George's GE 01, Bermuda; Institute for Marine Remote Sensing/IMaRS, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt., VA, United States; NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States; Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy; Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, 18119 Warnemünde, Germany; Australian Antarctic Division, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, 203 Channel Hwy, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia	Peloquin, J., Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Swan, C., Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Gruber, N., Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Vogt, M., Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Claustre, H., Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR7093, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Ras, J., Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR7093, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Uitz, J., Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR7093, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Barlow, R., Bayworld Centre for Research and Education, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa, Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Behrenfeld, M., Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Bidigare, R., Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Dierssen, H., Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States; Ditullio, G., Grice Marine Lab, College of Charleston, SC, United States; Fernandez, E., Departamento Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Gallienne, C., Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; Gibb, S., Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, United Kingdom; Goericke, R., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Harding, L., University of Maryland Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, United States; Head, E., Ecosystem Research Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; Holligan, P., Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; Hooker, S., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Karl, D., Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Landry, M., Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Letelier, R., College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Llewellyn, C.A., Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; Lomas, M., Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George's GE 01, Bermuda; Lucas, M., Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Mannino, A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Marty, J.-C., Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR7093, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7093, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Mitchell, B.G., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Muller-Karger, F., Institute for Marine Remote Sensing/IMaRS, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Nelson, N., Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; O'Brien, C., Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Prezelin, B., Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Repeta, D., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; Smith Jr., W.O., Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt., VA, United States; Smythe-Wright, D., Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom; Stumpf, R., NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Subramaniam, A., Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States; Suzuki, K., Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Trees, C., NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy; Vernet, M., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Wasmund, N., Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, 18119 Warnemünde, Germany; Wright, S., Australian Antarctic Division, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, 203 Channel Hwy, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia	A global pigment database consisting of 35 634 pigment suites measured by high performance liquid chromatography was assembled in support of the MARine Ecosytem DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. These data originate from 136 field surveys within the global ocean, were solicited from investigators and databases, compiled, and then quality controlled. Nearly one quarter of the data originates from the Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), with an additional 17% and 19% stemming from the US JGOFS and LTER programs, respectively. The MAREDAT pigment database provides high quality measurements of the major taxonomic pigments including chlorophylls a and b, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin, divinyl chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, lutein, peridinin, prasinoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, which may be used in varying combinations to estimate phytoplankton community composition. Quality control measures consisted of flagging samples that had a total chlorophyll a concentration of zero, had fewer than four reported accessory pigments, or exceeded two standard deviations of the log-linear regression of total chlorophyll a with total accessory pigment concentrations. We anticipate the MAREDAT pigment database to be of use in the marine ecology, remote sensing and ecological modeling communities, where it will support model validation and advance our global perspective on marine biodiversity. The original dataset together with quality control flags as well as the gridded MAREDAT pigment data may be downloaded from PANGAEA: http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.793246. © 2013 Author(s).	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949117009	Overview on urban and peri-urban agriculture: Definition, impact on human health, constraints and policy issues	Kang'ethe E.K., Grace D., Randolph T.F.	2007	East African Medical Journal	84	11 SUPPL.	None	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Kang'ethe, E.K., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Grace, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Randolph, T.F., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Objectives: To collate and synthesize current knowledge of components of urban agriculture (UA) with a thematic emphasis on human health impact and a geographic emphasis on East Africa. Data sources: Data management followed a structured approach in which key issues were first identified and then studies selected through literature search and personal communication. Data extraction: Evidence-based principles. Data synthesis: Urban agriculture is an important source of food security for urban dwellers in East Africa. Descriptors of UA are location, areas, activities, scale, products, destinations, stakeholders and motivation. Many zoonotic and food-borne diseases have been associated with UA but evidence on human health impact and management is lacking. Major constraints to UA are illegality and lack of access to input and market; policy options have been developed for overcoming these. Conclusion: Urban agriculture is an important activity and likely to remain so. Both positive and negative human health impacts are potentially important but more research is needed to understand these and set appropriate policy and support levels.	None	agriculture; article; catering service; evidence based medicine; geography; health care policy; health status; human; knowledge; urban population; Agriculture; Evidence-Based Medicine; Food Supply; Geography; Health Policy; Health Status; Humans; Knowledge; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36349013100	Psychosocial impact of sickle cell disease on mothers of affected children seen at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	Tunde-Ayinmode M.F.	2007	East African Medical Journal	84	9	None	Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 693, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Tunde-Ayinmode, M.F., Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 693, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Background: Attention paid to psychological disorders of mothers or families of children suffering from sickle cell disease (SCD) in Nigeria has been inadequate. Objective: To assess the psychosocial impact of SCD on mothers of affected children and two control samples. Design: A cross-sectional controlled study. Setting: University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Subjects: One hundred mothers of SCD affected children (SCD children) were the study sample while the controls were made of 75 mothers of children with bronchial asthma (asthmatics) and 75 mothers of children with some acute medical illness (AMI). Results: The mothers of children with SCD (SCD mothers) were significantly likely to report burden in the areas of finance, time consumption and hindrance from enjoyment of live and were also more likely to over-protect their children. A total of 28% of SCD mothers were identified as probable cases with psychological problems on SRQ compared to 20% and 25% of mothers of asthmatics and AMI children respectively, this differences were, however, not statistically significant. Conclusion: As a result of the prevalent psychosocial impact of this disease on mothers it is strongly suggested that special consideration in terms of routine psychosocial assessment and treatment be incorporated into the various levels of health care system. There is also the need to encourage the establishment of more social organisations like SCD clubs where affected families can interact and counsel one another.	None	adaptive behavior; adult; article; caregiver; cross-sectional study; female; health survey; human; mother; mother child relation; Nigeria; parent; psychologic test; psychological aspect; questionnaire; sickle cell anemia; socioeconomics; teaching hospital; university hospital; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Hospitals, Teaching; Hospitals, University; Humans; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Nigeria; Parents; Psychological Tests; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52149108047	Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of twelve cases of post-surgical sepsis of odontogenic tumours at a referral centre	Egwari L.O., Nwokoye N.N., Obisesan B., Coker A.O., Nwaokorie F.O., Savage K.O.	2008	East African Medical Journal	85	6	None	Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitol	Egwari, L.O., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Nwokoye, N.N., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Obisesan, B., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, A.O., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Nwaokorie, F.O., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Savage, K.O., Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To determine the bacterial aetiology of sepsis occurring following surgery of odontogenic tumours and assess the effect of prompt and proper antibiotic usage. Design: A prospective study. Setting: A tertiary referral centre in Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects: Twelve patients with odontogenic tumours that developed sepsis postoperatively. Eight of the patients were referred from private hospitals, the remaining were in-patients who sought for alternative medical attention following interruption of health care services at the referral centre. Intervention: Adequate review of patient's medical history, bacteriological investigations and antibiotic therapy. Main outcome measures: Bacteriological and clinical cure following antibiotic therapy based on susceptibility test results. Results: Two categories of patients were identified; those who completed the course of antibiotics prescribed post-surgery and patients who failed to conform to antibiotic prescription. Sepsis developed in the non-compliance group much earlier than in the group that complied (p<0.001). Infections were polybacterial with aerobes accounting for 77.4% (α-haemolytic streptococci 29.0%, Streptococcus pyogenes 16.1%, Staphylococcus aureus 16.1%, diphtheroids 9.7%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 6.5%) and anaerobes 22.6% (Porphyromonas gingivalis 9.7%, Peptostreptococcus spp. 6.5%, Prevotella melaninogenica 3.2%, Clostridium perfringens 3.2%). Mixed aerobic and anaerobic aetiology occurred more in osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from a case of osteosarcoma with necrotic tissues. The anaerobic bacteria were 100% sensitive to metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and augmentin, 65-85% sensitivity to ampicloxacillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin. Over 92% of the streptococci were sensitive to the β-Lactams contrast low susceptibility with S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: Interruption of healthcare service was the sole factor identified in the development of sepsis as the patients could not be monitored to ensure compliance to prescription.	None	antiinfective agent; antibiotic resistance; article; bacterium; drug effect; human; isolation and purification; microbiology; Nigeria; odontogenic tumor; patient compliance; patient referral; postoperative complication; prospective study; sepsis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Nigeria; Odontogenic Tumors; Patient Compliance; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Referral and Consultation; Sepsis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447571950	Impact of colposcopy on management outcomes of patients with abnormal cervical cytology	Koigi-Kamau R., Kabare L.W., MacHoki J.M.	2007	East African Medical Journal	84	3	None	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nairobi Hospital, P.O. Box 30026, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Nairobi, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya	Koigi-Kamau, R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya; Kabare, L.W., Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nairobi Hospital, P.O. Box 30026, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; MacHoki, J.M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID), College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya	Background: With stringent cervical cytology screening programmes for women in reproductive age group, cervical cancer is, to a large extent, preventable. Back-up confirmatory colposcopic evaluation is necessary in order for cytology to have impact on cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To track the management outcomes of abnormal cervical cytology and hence confer credence to the value of colposcopy in management of abnormal cervical cytology. Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Setting: Kenya Medical Women Association Colposcopy Clinic. Main outcome measures: Correlation of cervical cytologic abnormalities with colposcopic outcomes and eventual management outcomes. Results: The population was young, with 50.6% being 25-34 years old, and 59.3% less than 35 years of age. Parity was also low, with nearly 75% being para three or less. A substantial proportion of women had normal colposcopic findings (42.0,26.7,18.6 and 11.1% for cytologic abnormalities CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and invasive carcinoma respectively). Colposcopic abnormality detection rate, irrespective of the severity of the lesion, increased with severity of cytologic lesion (from 58.0% CIN I to 89.0% for invasive carcinoma). The sensitivity of cervical cytology was 58, 59 and 65% for CIN 1,11 and III respectively, while respective specificity was 72,71 and 85%. The concordance rates between cytological and colposcopic findings were 38.6, 32.5 and 60% for CIN I, II and III respectively. The eventual management outcome was operative (LEEP and Hysterectomy) in greater frequency as the severity of the cytologic lesion increased. Conclusion: Colposcopy has significant impact on the management outcomes of abnormal cervical cytology and is therefore an invaluable procedure in management of abnormal cervical cytology. For this reason, it is imperative that governments avail these services to all women, in addition to enforcing regular cytologic screening for cervical cancer.	None	adult; article; colposcopy; female; human; middle aged; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ; uterine cervix tumor; vagina smear; Adult; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Colposcopy; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears	None
None	None	Evaluation of quality of life among patients after extirpation of mandibular ameloblastoma	Simon E.N.M., Merkx M.A.W., Kalyanyama B.M., Shubi F.M., Stoelinga P.J.W.	2005	East African Medical Journal	82	6	None	Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, Tanzania; School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Simon, E.N.M., Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 65014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Merkx, M.A.W., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Kalyanyama, B.M., Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, Tanzania; Shubi, F.M., Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, Tanzania; Stoelinga, P.J.W., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands	Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) based on the functional, aesthetic and personal satisfaction among patients with ameloblastoma who underwent either partial or total mandibulectomy without reconstruction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry; Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Tanzania. Subjects: Patients surgically treated for ameloblastoma without reconstruction. Results. The postoperative problems were mostly associated with eating of solid foods, appearance and speech. All patients treated by total mandibulectomy had moderately severe problems with eating of solid foods and were dissatisfied with their appearance. Conclusion: The relatively small tumours resulted in a much better QOL. Public awareness programmes to avoid late referral and treatment is the most effective way to reduce the number of patients who after treatment suffer a poor QOL.	None	adolescent; adult; ameloblastoma; article; cross-sectional study; dental care; esthetics; female; human; male; mandible; mandible tumor; middle aged; oral surgery; pathology; pathophysiology; patient satisfaction; postoperative period; psychometry; quality of life; questionnaire; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Ameloblastoma; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Service, Hospital; Esthetics; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Oral Surgical Procedures; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Period; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27544493497	Impact of emergency mass immunisations on measles control in displaced populations in Gulu district, Northern Uganda	Mupere E., Onek P., Babikako H.M.	2005	East African Medical Journal	82	8	None	Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Gulu Regional Hospital, P.O. Box 160, Gulu, Uganda; Mengo Hospital, P. O. Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda	Mupere, E., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Gulu Regional Hospital, P.O. Box 160, Gulu, Uganda; Onek, P., Mengo Hospital, P. O. Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda; Babikako, H.M., Mengo Hospital, P. O. Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda	Objective: To assess the impact of supplemental mass measles immunisations. Design: Retrospective study of hospital and health centre records. Setting: Gulu district, Northern Uganda, having approximately 81% of the population living in internally displaced persons' (IDPs) camps. Results: The mean age in months for 4,812 measles cases seen was 28.2 ± 46.0 (p<0.0001). Supplemental mass immunisations in 1997 and 2000 caused a 91% reduction of measles cases, 93% reduction of mortality, 91% reduction of bed-days and 79% reduction of outpatient cases. There was a 67% reduction in mean measles case admissions, 63% reduction in mean measles mortality, and 73% reduction in mean measles bed-days following district mass measles immunisations in 1997. However, following IDPs camps supplemental immunisations in 2000; there was 82% reduction of mean measles case admissions, 80% reduction of mean measles mortality and 88% reduction of mean measles bed-days. Conclusions: In similar situations, supplemental mass measles immunisations should be focused on IDPs camps with a wide age group in addition to improved routine immunization activities in the entire district.	None	adult; article; emergency health service; epidemic; epidemiology; female; health care quality; human; male; mass immunization; measles; outcome assessment; refugee; retrospective study; Uganda; Adult; Disease Outbreaks; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Male; Mass Immunization; Measles; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Program Evaluation; Refugees; Retrospective Studies; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84955609882	Histopathological evaluation of H. Pylori associated gastric lesions in benin city, Nigeria	Udoh M.O., Obaseki D.E.	2012	East African Medical Journal	89	12	None	Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin-city, Nigeria	Udoh, M.O., Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin-city, Nigeria; Obaseki, D.E., Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin-city, Nigeria	Background: Endoscopic biopsy of the gastric mucosa allows early diagnosis, grading, staging and classification of gastric diseases. Helicobacter pylori, has been recognized as a major aetiologic factor for chronic gastritis, benign gastric ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. The loco-regional variability in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and associated diseases in Nigeria, emphasise the need for evaluation of subsets of a heterogeneous population like ours Objective: To determine the frequency of helicobacter pylori in gastric endoscopic biopsies and document the pathology of gastric lesions commonly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Settings: University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), and Biogenics Histopathology Laboratory (a private Histopathology Laboratory), both based in Benin City, Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Subjects: Endoscopic gastric biopsies recorded in the surgical pathology register of the department from 2005-2009 were studied and relevant demographic and clinical information extracted from the registers, original request cards and patient case files. The clinical data and slides processed from paraffin embedded tissue blocks of endoscopic biopsies of gastric lesions seen from year 2005 to 2009 were studied, analyzed and statistically presented. Results: Total number of specimens studied was 142. Chronic gastritis was present in 117(82.39%) specimens; 9(6.34%) were benign gastric ulcers; 3(2.11%) were gastric polyps; and 11(7.75%) were gastric malignancies. Helicobacter pylori, was demonstrated in 55.6% of all specimens. The peak age for Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer is the 6th decade. Amongst patients with chronic gastritis, inflammatory activity was present in 65%; atrophy in 53%; and intestinal metaplasia in 16.6%. All gastric malignancies seen were intestinal type adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: The spectrum of lesions diagnosed in gastric endoscopic biopsy specimens in Benin, their frequency and associations are largely comparable to what has been described elsewhere in Nigeria and Africa. © 2012, East African Medical Association. All rights reserved.	Endoscopic biopsies; Gastric lesions; Helicobacter pylori	adenocarcinoma; adolescent; adult; age distribution; aged; biopsy; cancer staging; child; chronic disease; early diagnosis; female; gastric mucosa; gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; human; infant; isolation and purification; male; microbiology; middle aged; Nigeria; pathology; predictive value; preschool child; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; severity of illness index; Stomach Diseases; stomach tumor; stomach ulcer; teaching hospital; very elderly; Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Early Detection of Cancer; Early Diagnosis; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Nigeria; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449720676	Monitoring and evaluation of health sector reforms in the WHO African Region	Barry S.P., Diarra-Nama A.J., Kirigia J.M., Bakeera S., Somanje H.	2009	East African Medical Journal	86	SUPPL. 1	None	Health Policies and Service Delivery; Health Systems and Services Development; Health Financing and Social Protection, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo; Masters in Health Management, Planning and Policy, Freelance Consultant, P.O. Box 2762, Kampala, Uganda; Health Policies and Services Delivery Programme, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo	Barry, S.P., Health Policies and Service Delivery; Diarra-Nama, A.J., Health Systems and Services Development; Kirigia, J.M., Health Financing and Social Protection, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo; Bakeera, S., Masters in Health Management, Planning and Policy, Freelance Consultant, P.O. Box 2762, Kampala, Uganda; Somanje, H., Health Policies and Services Delivery Programme, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo	Objectives: To describe a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing health sector reforms and demonstrates use of the analysis framework using cost-recovery mechanisms as a case study in the WHO African Region. Data sources: Health sector reforms published literature review. Study selection: No selection involved. Data extraction: This paper draws from previous published literature to describe a comprehensive framework to assess the performance of health sector reforms in the African region. Using this framework, it goes on to illustrate how it may be used to analyze cost recovery reforms as a case study. The major elements for the analysis include a description of the context, design, process and intended results. Data synthesis: In terms of context and design of the cost recovery reform, there were gaps in the stewardship role of governments as evidenced by the lack of appropriate policies and information to monitor and/or influence the process. Regarding the cost recovery implementation, it is not clear from the literature reviewed in this paper that there was a comprehensive stakeholder coordination mechanism that catered for all who were involved. Concerning results of the expected results of implementing cost recovery reforms such as improved quality of health services; equitable service utilisation; social sustainability through active community participation; and gains in efficiency were not always realised. Conclusions: Given that the aspects of the analysis framework described in this paper are interrelated, reviewing one without another provides an answer to a specific question but is insufficient for a comprehensive assessment.	None	Africa; health care policy; health care quality; human; quality control; review; standard; world health organization; Africa; Benchmarking; Health Care Reform; Health Policy; Humans; Program Evaluation; Quality of Health Care; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649598616	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Abrus precatorious	Georgewill O.A., Georgewill U.O.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Abrus precatorius was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of A. precatorius when co applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of A. precatorius exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Abrus precatorius; Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response	Abrus precatorius extract; acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649574777	Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Vernonia amygdalina	Georgewill U.O., Georgewill O.A.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of V.amygdalina when co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of V. amygdalina exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response; Vernonia amygdali	acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; Vernonia amygdalina extract; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868148971	Evaluation of antimalarial potential of aqueous stem bark extract of bombax buonopozense P. Beauv. (Bombacaceae)	Iwuanyanwu T.C., Akuodor G.C., Essien A.D., Nwinyi F.C., Akpan J.L., Okorafor D.O., Osunkwo U.A.	2011	Eastern Journal of Medicine	17	2	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Departme	Iwuanyanwu, T.C., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Akuodor, G.C., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Essien, A.D., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nwinyi, F.C., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Akpan, J.L., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Okorafor, D.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Osunkwo, U.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria	The treatment of malaria in Africa is becoming increasingly difficult due to rising prevalence of plasmodium falciparum resistant to antimalarial drugs. This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo antiplasmodial effect of the aqueous stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense in mice infected with chloroquinesensitive plasmodium berghei NK65. The in vivo antiplasmodial effect against early infection and curative effect against established infection were studied. The extract at all doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) used, exhibited significant (P<0.05), dose-dependent activity against the parasite in suppressive and curative tests. These results show that the stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense plant has significant antiplasmodial effect. The reduction in parasitemia levels in the two employed models suggest that a part of its antimalarial activity is mediated by direct plasmocidal effect on the parasite.	Antimalaria; Bombax buonopozense; Medicinal plant; Mice; Plasmodium berghei	antimalarial agent; Bombax buonopozense extract; chloroquine; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug susceptibility; article; bark; Bombax; Bombax buonopozense; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; drug efficacy; female; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; outcome assessment; phytochemistry; plant stem; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052705935	Impact of intestinal parasites on haematological parameters of sickle-cell Anaemia patients in Nigeria [Effet des parasites intestinaux sur les paramètres hématologiques de patients atteints de drépanocytose au nigéria]	Ahmed S.G., Uraka J.	2011	Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal	17	9	None	Department of Haematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Ahmed, S.G., Department of Haematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Uraka, J., Department of Haematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	The majority of patients with sickle-cell anaemia live in the underdeveloped nations where endemic parasitic diseases are prevalent and this may exacerbate the severity of steady-state anaemia in infected patients. We studied the impact of intestinal parasites on haematological parameters of sickle-cell anaemia patients aged 18-35 years in Kano, Nigeria. Of 100 patients studied, 27 were found to be infected with intestinal parasites. There were no signifcant differences between patients with and without parasitic infections with respect to leukocyte and platelet counts. However, patients without parasitic infections had a signifcantly higher mean haematocrit than patients with parasitic infections [0.27 L/L (SD 0.03) versus 0.23 (SD 0.03) L/L]. Anaemia in sickle-cell anaemia patients may be exacerbated by intestinal parasites, and these patients should have regular stool examinations for detection and treatment of parasitic infections in order to improve their haematocrit and avoid the risk of blood transfusion.	None	adult; article; controlled study; disease exacerbation; feces analysis; hematocrit; hematological parameters; human; intestine parasite; leukocyte count; major clinical study; Nigeria; parasitosis; sickle cell anemia; thrombocyte count; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Leukocyte Count; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883363370	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on cervical preinvasive and invasive neoplasia in South Africa	Van Bogaert L.-J.	2013	ecancermedicalscience	7	1	10.3332/ecancer.2013.334	National Health Laboratory Service, Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa	Van Bogaert, L.-J., National Health Laboratory Service, Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa	Objectives: Sub-Saharan Africa is at the epicentre of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and has the highest incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in the world. Access to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in South Africa is still limited and provided only to nonpregnant women with a CD4+ T-cell count <200 μg/L. We evaluated the relative distribution of cervical preinvasive and invasive neoplasia among HIV-infected (treated or not) and uninfected women in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Methods: We compared the consecutive biopsy-diagnosed cervical pathology of 1,023 HIV-infected and 1,023 uninfected women. We investigated the influence of the CD4+ T-cell count and of HAART on the relative distribution of cervical pathology. Results: There was a significantly higher proportion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1 (P = 0.012) and 2 (P = 0.01) but a lower proportion of ICC (P = 0.015) among HIV-infected women. Patients on HAART had less CIN1 (P = 0.018), 2 (P = 0.18) and ICC (P = 0.019) that their untreated counterparts. The mean CD4 count was similar regardless of cervical lesions and HAART or no treatment. Conclusion: Our data support the concept that HIV-infected women exhibit a higher rate of high-grade preinvasive lesions than uninfected controls. However, they have a significantly lower rate of ICC as compared with uninfected counterparts. The inclusion of ICC among acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining illnesses is questionable. Copyright: © the authors.	AIDS-defining illness; Cervical neoplasia; HIV; South Africa	article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; major clinical study; punch biopsy; risk assessment; South Africa; uterine cervix carcinoma; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247179719	From forest to pasture: An evaluation of the influence of environment and biogeography on the structure of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages along three altitudinal gradients in the Neotropical region	Escobar F., Halffter G., Arellano L.	2007	Ecography	30	2	10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.04818.x	Dept. de Biodiversidad y Comportamiento Animal, Inst. de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Dept. of Zoology and Entomology, Univ. of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Escobar, F., Dept. de Biodiversidad y Comportamiento Animal, Inst. de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, Dept. of Zoology and Entomology, Univ. of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Halffter, G., Dept. de Biodiversidad y Comportamiento Animal, Inst. de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Arellano, L., Dept. de Biodiversidad y Comportamiento Animal, Inst. de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico	The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of environmental (associated with the expansion of cattle ranching) and biogeographical factors on the diversity of dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) assemblages along three altitudinal gradients in the Neotropical region. One gradient is located in the Mexican Transition Zone, on the Cofre de Perote mountain, the other two are in the northern Andes (the Chiles Volcano and the Río Cusiana Basin). For the three gradients, the number of species and of individuals was similar in both forest and pasture, while species composition was different between habitats. On this mountain, species turnover in pastures was characterized by the addition of new species as altitude increased. In the northern Andes, species diversity was always greater in the forest than in the pasture, and species turnover between habitats was notably influenced by species loss with increasing altitude. As such the pasture fauna of the northern Andes was an impoverished derivative of the fauna present in the forests at the same altitude characterized by species of Neotropical affinity with a limited capacity for colonizing open, sunnier habitats. The opposite occurs in the areas used by cattle on the Cofre de Perote. This habitat has its own fauna, which is mainly comprised of Holarctic and Afrotropical species adapted to the prevailing environmental conditions of areas lacking arboreal vegetation. These results suggest that the impact on beetle communities caused by human activities can differ depending on the geographic position of each mountain and, particularly, the biogeographical history of the species assemblage that lives there. Copyright © Ecography 2007.	None	beetle; biogeography; community composition; community structure; environmental gradient; forest; Neotropical region; pasture; species diversity; Andes; Cofre de Perote; Colombia; Cusiana Basin; Mexico [North America]; North America; South America; Veracruz; Bos; Coleoptera; Scarabaeinae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62249098547	Coefficient shifts in geographical ecology: An empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial regression	Bini L.M., Diniz-Filho J.A.F., Rangel T.F.L.V.B., Akre T.S.B., Albaladejo R.G., Albuquerque F.S., Aparicio A., Araújo M.B., Baselga A., Beck J., Bellocq M.I., Böhning-Gaese K., Borges P.A.V., Castro-Parga I., Chey V.K., Chown S.L., De Marco Jr. P., Dobkin	2009	Ecography	32	2	10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05717.x	Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood Univ., Farmville, VA 23909, United States; Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept of Environmental Sciences, Inst. of Biogeography, Univ. of Basel, St.Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Depto de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, CITA A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Terra Cha, PT- 9700-851 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Acores, Portugal; Depto de Ecologia C/Darwin 2, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre of Sabah, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Malaysia; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univ., Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; High Desert Ecological Research Inst., 15 S.W. Colorado Ave., Bend, OR 97702, United States; Area de Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Univ. de Salamanca, ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain; School of Geography, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, United States; NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Dept of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; Dept of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Depto de Ecologia y Sistematica Terrestre, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Av. Periferico Sur s/n, San Cristobal de Chiapas 29290, Mexico; Depto de Biologia, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; IRD, DMPA, Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, FR-75005 Paris, France; Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion (CIDE, CSIC), Apartado Oficial, ES-46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain; Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, United States; Center for Macroecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; UNIFOB Global, Univ. of Bergen, NO-5015 Bergen, Norway; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	Bini, L.M., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Rangel, T.F.L.V.B., Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood Univ., Farmville, VA 23909, United States; Akre, T.S.B., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Albaladejo, R.G., Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Albuquerque, F.S., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Aparicio, A., Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Araújo, M.B., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Baselga, A., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Beck, J., Dept of Environmental Sciences, Inst. of Biogeography, Univ. of Basel, St.Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Bellocq, M.I., Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Böhning-Gaese, K., Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Borges, P.A.V., Depto de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, CITA A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Terra Cha, PT- 9700-851 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Acores, Portugal; Castro-Parga, I., Depto de Ecologia C/Darwin 2, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Chey, V.K., Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre of Sabah, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Malaysia; Chown, S.L., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univ., Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; De Marco Jr., P., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Dobkin, D.S., High Desert Ecological Research Inst., 15 S.W. Colorado Ave., Bend, OR 97702, United States; Ferrer-Castán, D., Area de Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Univ. de Salamanca, ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Field, R., School of Geography, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Filloy, J., Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fleishman, E., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, United States; Gómez, J.F., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Hortal, J., NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Iverson, J.B., Dept of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Kerr, J.T., Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; Kissling, W.D., Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Kitching, I.J., Dept of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; León-Cortés, J.L., Depto de Ecologia y Sistematica Terrestre, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Av. Periferico Sur s/n, San Cristobal de Chiapas 29290, Mexico; Lobo, J.M., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Montoya, D., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Morales-Castilla, I., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Moreno, J.C., Depto de Biologia, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Oberdorff, T., IRD, DMPA, Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, FR-75005 Paris, France; Olalla-Tárraga, M.A., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Pausas, J.G., Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion (CIDE, CSIC), Apartado Oficial, ES-46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain; Qian, H., Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, United States; Rahbek, C., Center for Macroecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Rodríguez, M.A., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Rueda, M., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ruggiero, A., Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Sackmann, P., Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Sanders, N.J., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Terribile, L.C., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Vetaas, O.R., UNIFOB Global, Univ. of Bergen, NO-5015 Bergen, Norway; Hawkins, B.A., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	A major focus of geographical ecology and macroecology is to understand the causes of spatially structured ecological patterns. However, achieving this understanding can be complicated when using multiple regression, because the relative importance of explanatory variables, as measured by regression coefficients, can shift depending on whether spatially explicit or non-spatial modeling is used. However, the extent to which coefficients may shift and why shifts occur are unclear. Here, we analyze the relationship between environmental predictors and the geographical distribution of species richness, body size, range size and abundance in 97 multi-factorial data sets. Our goal was to compare standardized partial regression coefficients of non-spatial ordinary least squares regressions (i.e. models fitted using ordinary least squares without taking autocorrelation into account; "OLS models" hereafter) and eight spatial methods to evaluate the frequency of coefficient shifts and identify characteristics of data that might predict when shifts are likely. We generated three metrics of coefficient shifts and eight characteristics of the data sets as predictors of shifts. Typical of ecological data, spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of OLS models was found in most data sets. The spatial models varied in the extent to which they minimized residual spatial autocorrelation. Patterns of coefficient shifts also varied among methods and datasets, although the magnitudes of shifts tended to be small in all cases. We were unable to identify strong predictors of shifts, including the levels of autocorrelation in either explanatory variables or model residuals. Thus, changes in coefficients between spatial and non-spatial methods depend on the method used and are largely idiosyncratic, making it difficult to predict when or why shifts occur. We conclude that the ecological importance of regression coefficients cannot be evaluated with confidence irrespective of whether spatially explicit modelling is used or not. Researchers may have little choice but to be more explicit about the uncertainty of models and more cautious in their interpretation. © 2009 Ecography.	None	abundance; body size; data set; least squares method; macroecology; range size; regression analysis; species richness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892479381	Modelling the impacts of reforestation on the projected hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin, West Africa	Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J., Lischeid G., Merz C.	2014	Ecohydrology	7	1	10.1002/eco.1343	Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oguntunde, P.G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany, Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lischeid, G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany; Merz, C., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany	This study simulates the impacts of reforestation on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB) under enhanced greenhouse gases (GHGs). A regional climate model (RegCM3) was used to dynamically downscale hydroclimatological variables of NRB for present-day (PRS), and for future climate scenarios (with and without reforestation). The data were further analysed to detect changes in water balance components and the moisture recycling ratios. Under A1B scenario, warmer climate was projected over the entire basin in all seasons, a drier climate during the rainy season, and a wetter climate during the dry season. Reforestation along NRB (GBR) reduces the GHG warming over the basin both seasons, but increases it north-east of the basin in July-September (JAS). Both reforestation scenarios could enhance rainfall over the reforested area. With reforestation over Sahel (GSR), seasonal evapotranspiration increases between 3·6% and 14·4%; but with GBR, evapotranspiration reduces between -12·4% and -4·3%. The GSR option offsets the projected annual GHG effects on moisture recycling over the basin. Evaporation coefficient decreased by about 5% under elevated CO2 while runoff coefficient increased. Reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones because of its influence on the monsoon flow (reduction in speed). Hence, with reforestation in summer, the onset of monsoon delays in bringing in the cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone; this increases the temperature and reduces rainfall amount over the area. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Hydroclimatology; Mitigation; Niger River Basin; Reforestation	Evaporation coefficients; Future climate scenarios; Hydro climatologies; Mitigation; Regional climate models (RegCM3); River basins; Seasonal evapotranspirations; Water balance components; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Greenhouse gases; Moisture; Rain; Water recycling; Watersheds; Reforestation; climate change; climate modeling; climatology; dry season; evapotranspiration; future prospect; hydrometeorology; reforestation; water budget; Niger Basin	NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960446073	Impact of water harvesting ponds on household incomes and rural livelihoods in Minjar Shenkora district of Ethiopia	Teshome A., Adgo E., Mati B.	2010	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	10	42404	10.2478/v10104-011-0016-5	Amhara Agricultural Reseach Institute, P.O. Box 527, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1289, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa (IMAWESA), P.O. Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya	Teshome, A., Amhara Agricultural Reseach Institute, P.O. Box 527, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Adgo, E., Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1289, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mati, B., Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa (IMAWESA), P.O. Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper presents the fndings of the socio-economic impact of household-level water harvesting technology. Before water harvesting was introduced, onions were not grown in the area due to lack of seedlings. Thus onion seedlings were grown on 100 m 2 plots using water from the ponds in the dry season, then sold or planted under rainfed conditions during the rainy season. The results obtained show that the average net income from onion seedlings was 155 US$ per 100 m 2 plot, while those from bulb onions grown rainfed in the feld was 1848 US$ per ha, making the contribution to farmer incomes by onions alone about 2003 US$ per year which is higher than from rainfed teff and wheat combined.	Net incomes; Onions seedlings; Rainfed agriculture; Socio-economic assesment; Water harvesting	crop production; household income; irrigation; pond; rainfed agriculture; rural economy; rural society; socioeconomic impact; water resource; water technology; Ethiopia; Minjar Shenkora; Allium cepa; Eragrostis tef; Triticum aestivum	None
None	None	Understanding watershed dynamics and impacts of climate change and variability in the Pangani River Basin, Tanzania	Lalika M.C.S., Meire P., Ngaga Y.M., Chang'a L.	2015	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	15	1	10.1016/j.ecohyd.2014.11.002	Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3011, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Meteorological Agency, P.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Lalika, M.C.S., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Meire, P., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium; Ngaga, Y.M., Department of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3011, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Chang'a, L., Tanzania Meteorological Agency, P.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Watersheds and rivers are vital ecological features for the provision of hydrological services for the health, welfare and prosperity of human communities. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities coupled with climate change and climate variability are blamed for degrading watersheds and rivers and decreasing their capacity to irrigate. To address the situation, it is important to understand why and how water shortages are occurring. This paper reports findings of a study carried out to identify and assess drivers of water shortages and adaptation strategies to climate change and variability in Pangani River Basin of Tanzania. To assess the influence of climate change and variability on hydrological flow and water shortages, time series data on rainfall and temperature were compiled from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency. We also used structured questionnaires to collect data on villagers' perceptions about the drivers of water shortages and adaptation strategies. Results indicated a decreasing trend of water flow (p < 0.05) at Kikuletwa-Karangai gauging station along Pangani River Basin. Trend analysis indicated a slight decrease of rainfall and increase of temperature. Although there is no empirical evidence to associate climate change with the decline of rainfall and water flow, adaptation measures need to be put in place in order to mitigate against increasing climate variability, reduced water flow, and projected climate change. Therefore, watershed conservation strategies should also focus on improving the welfare of local communities. Additionally, involvement of stakeholders in the entire PRB is crucial toward watersheds conservation for steady flow of hydrological services. © 2014 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of Polish Academy of Sciences.	Basin; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Pangani; River; Water; Watershed degradation	climate change; climate effect; climate variation; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; river basin; water flow; watershed; Pangani Basin; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960472927	The general information about the impact of water hyacinth on Aba Samuel dam, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for ecohydrologists	Ingwani E., Gumbo T., Gondo T.	2010	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	10	42404	10.2478/v10104-011-0014-7	Ethiopian Civil Service College, P.O. Box 5648, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Civil Service College, P.O. Box 5648, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Venda, P Bag x5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Ingwani, E., Ethiopian Civil Service College, P.O. Box 5648, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gumbo, T., Ethiopian Civil Service College, P.O. Box 5648, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gondo, T., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Venda, P Bag x5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	The water hyacinth, Eichhorrnia crassipes, has been widely recognized as the worst aquatic weed the world over and of increasing importance in Africa, Ethiopia inclusive. The aim of the research was to highlight the devastating impact of the water hyacinth on aquatic life and human activities on Aba Samuel Dam and to underline prospects of its beneficial use. Delphi technique and on-site observations were used. Eutrophication was found to be the main cause of the proliferation of the plant. However, a majority of its potential uses were identified. The absence of a distinct Ministry of Environment is retarding the efforts in fighting causes of water hyacinth spreading. Community awareness has also been identified as a vital component in eradication of water hyacinth. This research is of significant relevance to environmentalists and ecohydrologists in formulating appropriate strategies and policies for hampering proliferation of the weed.	Aquatic weeds; Ecohydrology; Eutrophication; Invasive species; Sustainability; Water quality	ecohydrology; ecological impact; eutrophication; invasive species; observational method; plant; policy analysis; research work; strategic approach; sustainability; water quality; Aba Samuel Dam; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia; Eichhornia crassipes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960451830	Environmental impact of coffee processing effluent on the ecological integrity of rivers found in gomma woreda of Jimma zone, Ethiopia	Kebede Y.K., Kebede T., Assefa F., Amsalu A.	2010	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	10	42404	10.2478/v10104-011-0019-2	Soil and Water Management Research Division, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 28019, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Soil and Water Management Research Division, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Geography and Environmental Studies Department, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 150223, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kebede, Y.K., Soil and Water Management Research Division, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 28019, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kebede, T., Soil and Water Management Research Division, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assefa, F., Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Amsalu, A., Geography and Environmental Studies Department, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 150223, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The physico-chemical parameters of coffee effluent consists of very high amount of BOD (2200 mg dm -3), TDS (1810 mg dm -3), NO 3 (26.4 mg dm -3), NH 4 + (12.6 mg dm -3), low pH (4.3) and zero DO values. Despite the reduction of these values by dilution effect of river water, BOD values as high as 1900 mg dm -3 and 1700 mg dm -3 were found at the downstream sites of Bore and Fite rivers. For biological assemblage study, 6047 macroinvertebrates representing 27 different taxa were identified from riffle sampling sites. The average Shannon and equitability indices and total EPT taxa were reduced at the downstream sites. The habitat score of the study sites was in the range of 27% (very poor) up to 84% (excellent).	Coffee effluent; Environmental impact; Gomma; Macroinvertebrates	ammonium; biochemical oxygen demand; dissolved matter; dissolved oxygen; ecological impact; effluent; environmental impact; freshwater ecosystem; Index of Biotic Integrity; industrial waste; macroinvertebrate; nitrate; parameterization; pH; physicochemical property; Ethiopia; Jimma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892565119	Modeling River Sosiani's water quality to assess human impact on water resources at the catchment scale	Chibole O.K.	2013	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	13	4	10.1016/j.ecohyd.2013.10.003	University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Chibole, O.K., University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	To investigate the water quality status at catchment scale, the MIKE 11 modeling system (DHI) was used on the Sosiani, western Kenya. The river's catchment was delineated according to land-use practice into forested (Fz), agricultural (Az) and urban (Uz). Rainfallrunoff processes were modeled using NAM (DHI) and the hydrodynamic model was built using the MIKE 11 HD module. Water quality (WQ) modeling was limited to the oxygen cycle. Model calibration was done on the basis of available measured WQ data at Fz-Az; Az-Uz boundaries. Simulated data versus observed data show model efficiency of 0.70. The Uz contributes 75% of BOD flux in the catchment. © 2013 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of Polish Academy of Sciences.	BOD; Land-use practice; MIKE 11; River Sosiani; Water quality modeling	anthropogenic effect; catchment; hydrodynamics; hydrological modeling; land use change; rainfall-runoff modeling; water quality; water resource; Kenya; Sosiani River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903847292	The impact of livestock grazing on plant diversity: An analysis across dryland ecosystems and scales in southern Africa	Hanke W., Böhner J., Dreber N., Jürgens N., Schmiedel U., Wesuls D., Dengler J.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	5	10.1890/13-0377.1	Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany	Hanke, W., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Böhner, J., Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Dreber, N., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Jürgens, N., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Schmiedel, U., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Wesuls, D., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Dengler, J., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany, Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany	A general understanding of grazing effects on plant diversity in drylands is still missing, despite an extensive theoretical background. Cross-biome syntheses are hindered by the fact that the outcomes of disturbance studies are strongly affected by the choice of diversity measures, and the spatial and temporal scales of measurements. The aim of this study is to overcome these weaknesses by applying a wide range of diversity measures to a data set derived from identical sampling in three distinct ecosystems. We analyzed three fence-line contrasts (heavier vs. lighter grazing intensity), representing different degrees of aridity (from arid to semiarid) and precipitation regimes (summer rain vs. winter rain) in southern Africa. We tested the impact of grazing intensity on multiple aspects of plant diversity (species and functional group level, richness and evenness components, alpha and beta diversity, and composition) at two spatial scales, and for both 5-yr means and interannual variability. Heavier grazing reduced total plant cover and substantially altered the species and functional composition at all sites. However, a significant decrease in species alpha diversity was detected at only one of the three sites. By contrast, alpha diversity of plant functional groups responded consistently across ecosystems and scales, with a significant decrease at heavier grazing intensity. The cover-based measures of functional group diversity responded more sensitively and more consistently than functional group richness. Beta diversity of species and functional types increased under heavier grazing, showing that at larger scales, the heterogeneity of the community composition and the functional structure were increased. Heavier grazing mostly increased interannual variability of alpha diversity, while effects on beta diversity and cover were inconsistent. Our results suggest that species diversity alone may not adequately reflect the shifts in vegetation structure that occur in response to increased grazing intensity in the dryland biomes of southern Africa. Compositional and structural changes of the vegetation are better reflected by trait-based diversity measures. In particular, measures of plant functional diversity that include evenness represent a promising tool to detect and quantify disturbance effects on ecosystems. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America.	Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Biodiversity; Disturbance; Evenness; Fence-line contrast; Functional diversity; Nama Karoo; Rangeland degradation; Richness; Stability; Succulent Karoo	biome; community composition; data set; disturbance; dryland farming; functional group; grazing management; livestock; plant community; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Karoo; Nama Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919327437	Long-term monitoring reveals differing impacts of elephants on elements of a canopy shrub community	Landman M., Schoeman D.S., Hall-Martin A.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	8	None	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa; Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa	Landman, M., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Schoeman, D.S., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin, A.J., Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa, Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The conservation management of southern Africa's elephants focuses on identifying and mitigating the extent and intensity of impacts on biological diversity. However, variation in the intensity of elephant effects between elements of biodiversity is seldom explored, which limits our ability to interpret the scale of the impacts. Our study quantifies >50 years of impacts in the succulent thickets of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa, contrasting hypotheses for the resilience of the canopy shrubs (a key functional guild) to elephants with those that argue the opposite. We also assess the impacts between elements of the community, ranging from community composition and structure to the structure of individual canopy species. We show the vulnerability of the canopy shrubs to transformation as the accumulated influences of elephants alter community composition and structure. The pattern of transformation is similar to that caused by domestic herbivores, which leads us to predict that elephants will eventually bring about landscape-level degradation and a significant loss of biodiversity. While we expected the canopy species to show similar declining trends in structure, providing insight into the response of the community as a whole, we demonstrate an uneven distribution of impacts between constituent elements; most of the canopy dominants exhibited little change, resisting removal. This implies that these canopy dominants might not be useful indicators of community change in thickets, a pattern that is likely repeated among the canopy trees of savanna systems. Our findings suggest that predicting elephant impacts, and finding solutions to the so-called "elephant problem," require a broader and more integrated understanding of the mechanisms driving the changes between elements of biodiversity at various spatial and temporal scales. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America	Addo elephant national park; Conservation management; Elephant impacts; Long-term studies; Loxodonta Africana; Monitoring; Scale; South Africa; Succulent thickets	canopy; community composition; dominance; elephant; environmental indicator; landscape change; shrub; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; South Africa; Elephantidae; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955496200	Litter quality impacts short- but not long-term soil carbon dynamics in soil aggregate fractions	Gentile R., Vanlauwe B., Six J.	2011	Ecological Applications	21	3	10.1890/09-2325.1	Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; AgResearch, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; CIAT-Nairobi TSBF, Nairobi, Kenya	Gentile, R., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States, AgResearch, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Vanlauwe, B., CIAT-Nairobi TSBF, Nairobi, Kenya; Six, J., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Complex molecules are presumed to be preferentially stabilized as soil organic carbon (SOC) based on the generally accepted concept that the chemical composition of litter is a major factor in its rate of decomposition. Hence, a direct link between litter quality and SOC quantity has been assumed, accepted, and ultimately incorporated in SOC models. Here, however, we present data from an incubation and field experiment that refutes the influence of litter quality on the quantity of stabilized SOC. Three different qualities of litter (Tithonia diversifolia, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Zea mays stover; 4 Mg C.ha -1.yr-1) with and without the addition of mineral N fertilizer (0 or 120 kg N.ha-1.season-1) were added to a red clay Humic Nitisol in a 3-yr field trial and a 1.5-yr incubation experiment. The litters differed in their concentrations of N, lignin, and polyphenols with the ratio of (lignin polyphenols) :N ranging from 3.5 to 9.8 for the field trial and from 2.3 to 4.0 for the incubation experiment in the order of T. diversifolia &lt;C. calothyrsus &lt; Z. mays. Litter quality did not affect the amount of SOC stabilized after three annual additions in the field trial. Even within the most sensitive soil aggregate fractions, SOC contents and C:N ratios did not differ with litter quality, indicating that litter quality did not influence the mechanisms by which SOC was stabilized. While increasing litter quality displayed faster decomposition and incorporation of C into soil aggregates after 0.25 yr in the incubation study, all litters resulted in equivalent amounts of C stabilized in the soil after 1.5 yr, further corroborating the results of the field trial. The addition of N fertilizer did not affect SOC stabilization in either the field or the incubation trial. Thus, we conclude that, while litter quality controls shorter-term dynamics of C decomposition and accumulation in the soil, longer-term SOC patterns cannot be predicted based on initial litter quality effects. Hence, the formation and stabilization of SOC is more controlled by the quantity of litter input and its interaction with the soil matrix than by litter quality. © 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.	Lignin; Litter quality; Nitrogen; Polyphenols; Soil carbon sequestration; Soil organic matter	carbon; bioaccumulation; chemical composition; decomposition; experimental study; fertilizer application; field method; grass; herb; legume; lignin; litter; matrix; molecular analysis; nitrogen; phenol; soil organic matter; soil stabilization; stabilization; article; Asteraceae; chemistry; legume; maize; plant leaf; soil; time; Asteraceae; Carbon; Fabaceae; Plant Leaves; Soil; Time Factors; Zea mays; Calliandra calothyrsus; Tithonia diversifolia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926169725	Ecological impacts of invasive alien species along temperature gradients: Testing the role of environmental matching	Iacarella J.C., Dick J.T.A., Alexander M.E., Ricciardi A.	2015	Ecological Applications	25	3	10.1890/14-0545.1.sm	Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Iacarella, J.C., Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada; Dick, J.T.A., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Alexander, M.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Ricciardi, A., Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada	Invasive alien species (IAS) can cause substantive ecological impacts, and the role of temperature in mediating these impacts may become increasingly significant in a changing climate. Habitat conditions and physiological optima offer predictive information for IAS impacts in novel environments. Here, using meta-analysis and laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis that the impacts of IAS in the field are inversely correlated with the difference in their ambient and optimal temperatures. A meta-analysis of 29 studies of consumptive impacts of IAS in inland waters revealed that the impacts of fishes and crustaceans are higher at temperatures that more closely match their thermal growth optima. In particular, the maximum impact potential was constrained by increased differences between ambient and optimal temperatures, as indicated by the steeper slope of a quantile regression on the upper 25th percentile of impact data compared to that of a weighted linear regression on all data with measured variances. We complemented this study with an experimental analysis of the functional response (the relationship between predation rate and prey supply) of two invasive predators (freshwater mysid shrimp, Hemimysis anomala and Mysis diluviana) across relevant temperature gradients; both of these species have previously been found to exert strong community-level impacts that are corroborated by their functional responses to different prey items. The functional response experiments showed that maximum feeding rates of H. anomala and M. diluviana have distinct peaks near their respective thermal optima. Although variation in impacts may be caused by numerous abiotic or biotic habitat characteristics, both our analyses point to temperature as a key mediator of IAS impact levels in inland waters and suggest that IAS management should prioritize habitats in the invaded range that more closely match the thermal optima of targeted invaders. ©2015 by the Ecological Society of America.	Environmental matching; Functional response; Impact; Inland waters; Meta-analysis; Nonnative species; Thermal optima	crustacean; ecological impact; experimental study; fish; functional response; growth rate; invasive species; meta-analysis; optimization; regression analysis; temperature gradient; Crustacea; Decapoda (Crustacea); Hemimysis anomala; Mysida; Mysis diluviana; Pisces; fresh water; animal; Crustacea; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; introduced species; meta analysis; physiology; procedures; statistical model; temperature; Animals; Crustacea; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Fresh Water; Introduced Species; Logistic Models; Temperature	NERC, Natural Environment Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860255936	The Scotia Sea krill fishery and its possible impacts on dependent predators: Modeling localized depletion of prey	Plagányi E.E., Butterworth D.S.	2012	Ecological Applications	22	3	10.1890/11-0441.1	Marine Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Marine and Atmospheric Research, CSIRO, P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane 4001, Australia	Plagányi, E.E., Marine Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Marine and Atmospheric Research, CSIRO, P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane 4001, Australia; Butterworth, D.S., Marine Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The nature and impact of fishing on predators that share a fished resource is an important consideration in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Krill (Euphausia superba) is a keystone species in the Antarctic, serving as a fundamental forage source for predators and simultaneously being subject to fishing. We developed a spatial multispecies operating model (SMOM) of krill-predator fishery dynamics to help advise on allocation of the total krill catch among 15 small-scale management units (SSMUs) in the Scotia Sea, with a goal to reduce the potential impact of fishing on krill predators. The operating model describes the underlying population dynamics and is used in simulations to compare different management options for adjusting fishing activities (e.g., a different spatial distribution of catches). The numerous uncertainties regarding the choice of parameter values pose a major impediment to constructing reliable ecosystem models. The pragmatic solution proposed here involves the use of operating models that are composed of alternative combinations of parameters that essentially try to bound the uncertainty in, for example, the choice of survival rate estimates as well as the functional relationships between predators and prey. Despite the large uncertainties, it is possible to discriminate the ecosystem impacts of different spatial fishing allocations. The spatial structure of the model is fundamental to addressing concerns of localized depletion of prey in the vicinity of land-based predator breeding colonies. Results of the model have been considered in recent management deliberations for spatial allocations of krill catches in the Scotia Sea and their associated impacts on dependent predator species. © 2012 by the Ecological Society of America.	Antarctic; Ecosystem model; Krill; Localized depletion; Multispecies model; Operating model; Predator-prey; Uncertainty	catch statistics; crustacean; ecological impact; ecosystem modeling; fishery management; fishing; fishing effort; keystone species; marine resource; population dynamics; predator; predator-prey interaction; resource depletion; survival; sustainable development; uncertainty analysis; animal; Antarctica; article; biological model; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; environmental protection; fish; food industry; krill; methodology; penguin; physiology; population density; predation; seal; season; time; Animals; Antarctic Regions; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Euphausiacea; Fisheries; Fishes; Models, Biological; Pinnipedia; Population Density; Predatory Behavior; Seasons; Spheniscidae; Time Factors; Atlantic Ocean; Scotia Sea; Euphausia superba; Euphausiacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144361977	Valuing the impacts of climate change on protected areas in Africa	Velarde S.J., Malhi Y., Moran D., Wright J., Hussain S.	2005	Ecological Economics	53	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.07.024	Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom	Velarde, S.J., Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Malhi, Y., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Moran, D., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Wright, J., Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Hussain, S., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom	This study quantifies the economic costs of climate change impacts on protected areas in Africa. Downscaled results from four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to classify different ecosystems in accordance with the Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) system. A benefits transfer approach is then used to place an economic value on the predicted ecosystem shifts resulting from climate change in protected areas. The results provide approximations for the impacts on biodiversity in Africa under the "business-as-usual" scenario established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the middle and end of the 21st century. The geographical analysis shows that there are twenty HLZs in Africa and all of them are represented in the protected area network. Three of these HLZs do not change in extent as a result of climate change. Assuming initially that the willingness to pay (WTP) values and the preferences for different ecosystem services remain constant, three of the GCM models show an (undiscounted) negative economic impact of climate change for protected areas in Africa for the year 2100. The worst-case damage scenario totals USD 74.5 million by 2100. However, the model for the year 2065 shows a higher undiscounted value than the present. The finding of positive net impacts from warming is consistent with the predictions of other macro models that show potential gains from warming scenarios. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	African protected areas; Benefits transfer; Climate change; Ecosystem shifts; Holdridge life zones	climate change; economic impact; environmental impact; protected area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749617437	Integrated ecological economics accounting approach to evaluation of inter-basin water transfers: An application to the Lesotho Highlands Water Project	Matete M., Hassan R.	2006	Ecological Economics	60	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.010	Department of Agricultural Economics, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, 180, Lesotho; Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Matete, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, 180, Lesotho; Hassan, R., Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	This study developed a generalised analytical framework that can be applied to integrating environmental sustainability aspects into economic development planning in the case of exploiting water resources through inter-basin water transfers (IBWT). The study developed and applied a multi-country ecological social accounting matrix (MC-ESAM) for Lesotho and SA to evaluate the ecological implications of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) and their consequent economic costs and benefits for the two countries. The study further used the developed MC-ESAM multipliers to analyse the impact of lost ecological services downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho on the wellbeing of households directly affected by the project in Lesotho and the general economies of Lesotho and SA. The results revealed that while the LHWP has significant direct and indirect benefits in terms of social and economic development in Lesotho and SA, the project has serious unintended impacts on ecological resources and services, with deleterious wellbeing implications for populations residing within the reaches of the LHWP rivers and downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho. The empirical analysis results showed relatively small impacts in general, but were significant for groups of people directly affected by the project in Lesotho. An important limitation of the empirical contributions of the study relates to the inability to measure and include in the analyses values of critical other ecosystem services of affected freshwater resources. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated the importance of integrated ecological economic accounting for comprehensive assessment of IBWT projects' impacts. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ecological social accounting matrix (ESAM); Human wellbeing; Inter-basin water transfers (IBWT); Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP); Riparians	ecological economics; economic development; social development; sustainability; water resource; Africa; Lesotho; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149116601	Integrated water and economic modelling of the impacts of water market instruments on the South African economy	van Heerden J.H., Blignaut J., Horridge M.	2008	Ecological Economics	66	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.11.011	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Horridge, M., Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	A static computable general equilibrium model of South Africa is adapted to compare new taxes on water demand by two industries, namely forestry, and irrigated field crops. Comparisons are made with respect to both the short and the long run, in terms of three target variables, namely (i) the environment; (ii) the economy; and (iii) equity. Since the taxes on the two industries do not raise the same amount of revenue, the target variables are calculated per unit of real government revenue raised by the new taxes (also referred to as the marginal excess burdens of the taxes). The model results are robust for moderate values of the water elasticity of demand in the two industries, in both the long and the short run. The tax on irrigated field crops performs better in terms of all three the target variables in the short run. In the long run the tax on irrigated filed crops is better in terms of water saving, but reduces real GDP and the consumption by poor households. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	C68; Computable general equilibrium modelling; Market-based instruments; Q25; Q43; Social Accounting Matrix; Water markets; Water tax	comparative study; crop production; forestry; Gross Domestic Product; irrigation system; numerical model; tax system; water demand; water economics; water management; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744526973	Environmental accounting: A management tool for enhancing corporate environmental and economic performance	de Beer P., Friend F.	2006	Ecological Economics	58	3	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.07.026	Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	de Beer, P., Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Friend, F., Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Industries are becoming progressively more aware of the environmental and social liabilities pertaining to their operations and products, with associated financial effects. Uncertainties in measuring these financial effects can be addressed by using environmental evaluation and accounting techniques. Environmental accounting assists in expressing environmental and social liabilities as environmental costs. While environmental accounting systems now form part of industrial decision making in first world countries, there is a lack of similar systems in South Africa. The EEGECOST model was developed to promote environmental accounting in South Africa. Implementation of the model will provide South African industries with the framework for corporate evaluation of alternative investments, projects and processes and for estimating economic and environmental performance at present and especially in the future. The model identifies, records and allocates internal and external environmental costs to five identified cost types, categorised into several environmental media groups. It also assists in the capital budgeting process for alternative investments. Applicability of the model was tested in a case study conducted on the life cycle assessment of a functional unit of one million cigarettes. The model indicated that Type V costs (external costs, with Types I to IV being different internal cost types) contributed 12% of the total production costs of a functional unit of cigarettes. As Type V costs are subjective, it is recommended that further research be conducted to structure an objective framework to evaluate and determine cost factors involved in the development of Type V costs. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Capital budgeting; Environmental accounting; Environmental media; External costs; Internal costs	cost-benefit analysis; economic analysis; environmental assessment; industrial development; life cycle; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	The impact of buffer zone size and management on illegal extraction, park protection, and enforcement	Robinson E.J.Z., Albers H.J., Busby G.M.	2013	Ecological Economics	92	None	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.06.019	Reader in Environmental Economics, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, United Kingdom; FES/Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Richardson Hall 321, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States; Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Environment for Development Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Robinson, E.J.Z., Reader in Environmental Economics, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, United Kingdom, Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Environment for Development Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Albers, H.J., FES/Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Richardson Hall 321, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States, Environment for Development Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Busby, G.M., Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States	Many protected areas or parks in developing countries have buffer zones at their boundaries to achieve the dual goals of protecting park resources and providing resource benefits to neighbouring people. Despite the prevalence of these zoning policies, few behavioural models of people's buffer zone use inform the sizing and management of those zones. This paper uses a spatially explicit resource extraction model to examine the impact of buffer zone size and management on extraction by local people, both legal and illegal, and the impact of that extraction on forest quality in the park's core and buffer zone. The results demonstrate trade-offs between the level of enforcement, the size of a buffer zone, and the amount of illegal extraction in the park; and describe implications for "enrichment" of buffer zones and evaluating patterns of forest degradation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Buffer zone management; Costly enforcement; Forest reserves; Protected area management; Spatial economics	buffer zone; developing world; environmental degradation; nature reserve; neighborhood; numerical model; park management; protected area; trade-off	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049094353	Can crops be irrigated with sodium bicarbonate rich CBM deep aquifer water? Theoretical and field evaluation	Beletse Y.G., Annandale J.G., Steyn J.M., Hall I., Aken M.E.	2008	Ecological Engineering	33	1	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.011	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Anglo Coal Project Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa; Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa	Beletse, Y.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Annandale, J.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Steyn, J.M., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Hall, I., Anglo Coal Project Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa; Aken, M.E., Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa	A simulation modelling exercise, followed by field trials was carried out to assess the suitability of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) rich water obtained from dewatering for extraction of methane gas from coal beds in the Limpopo Province, Republic of South Africa. This water has a very high EC of 750 mS m-1, which according to FAO water quality guidelines would suit only salt tolerant crops. Modelled crop growth at a leaching fraction (LF) of 23% using the Soil Water Balance (SWB) model gave root zone salinity (ECe) between 857 and 981 mS m-1, and a 90% potential crop yield. In the field trials, barley, Italian ryegrass and Bermuda grass were successfully grown in a loamy sand soil without leaf burn and toxicity problems, but cotton foliage was scorched when sprinkler irrigated. Drip emitter discharge rate decreased from 3.99 ± 0.15 to 3.5 ± 0.19 l h-1, suggesting that clogging will be problematic with micro irrigation. SWB gave a good estimation of the suitability of this NaHCO3 rich water in the theoretical assessment, which was similar to the experimental findings. SWB, therefore, is a useful tool for assessing the suitability of NaHCO3 deep aquifer water for irrigation of agricultural crops. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Irrigation; Long term; Mine water; Modelling; NaHCO3; Salt tolerance; SWB model	Extraction; Irrigation; Mathematical models; Methane; Mine water; Salt tolerance; SWB model; Sodium compounds; Extraction; Irrigation; Mathematical models; Methane; Sodium compounds; aquifer; barley; bicarbonate; coal seam; crop yield; growth; irrigation; methane; mine; salinity tolerance; sodium; toxicity; water quality; Africa; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Cynodon dactylon; Gossypium hirsutum; Hordeum; Lolium multiflorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054123075	Evaluation of colour removal in synthetic saline wastewater containing azo dyes using an immobilized halotolerant cell system	Ogugbue C.J., Sawidis T., Oranusi N.A.	2011	Ecological Engineering	37	12	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.09.003	School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ogugbue, C.J., School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Sawidis, T., School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Oranusi, N.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Studies were carried out to evaluate the colour removal capacity of a moderately halotolerant bacterium, Bacillus firmus, in synthetic saline wastewater medium (SSWM) under static condition. The bacterial strain effectively decolourized Polar red B (an azo dye) in a wide range of sodium chloride (1-6%, w/v), dye (5-100. mg/L) and SDS (0.1-5.0. mg/L) concentrations and at pH range of 6-10 after 24. h of incubation. Cell immobilization studies indicated that colour removal was significantly higher (p<0.05) in immobilized halotolerant cell systems than with free cells of B. firmus especially at salt concentrations higher than 4%. Results suggest the potential of using the immobilized halotolerant cell system for effective treatment of dye-contaminated saline wastewaters. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Azo dye; Bacillus firmus; Biodegradation; Colour removal; Halotolerance; Immobilization; Wastewater	Bacterial strains; Cell system; Free cells; Halotolerance; Halotolerant; Halotolerant bacteria; pH range; Saline wastewater; Salt concentration; Static conditions; Azo dyes; Bacilli; Bacteriology; Biodegradation; Color; Sodium chloride; Stripping (dyes); Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Cell immobilization; bacterium; biodegradation; color; dye; immobilization; pollutant removal; salinity tolerance; sodium chloride; waste treatment; wastewater; water pollution; water treatment; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacillus firmus; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947658918	Water quality changes in relation to Diptera community patterns and diversity measured at an organic effluent impacted stream in the Niger Delta, Nigeria	Arimoro F.O., Ikomi R.B., Iwegbue C.M.A.	2007	Ecological Indicators	7	3	10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.06.002	Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Arimoro, F.O., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Ikomi, R.B., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Iwegbue, C.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Impact of abattoir effluents (characterized by intestinal and stomach contents of slaughtered animals, ashes from roasted animals and blood stains) on water quality, distribution and abundance of Diptera were investigated in an urban stream, River Orogodo, Southern Nigeria, from July 2003 to June 2004. Water quality changes indicated significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, total hardness, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus between the three stations sampled. Higher values of these parameters were observed at the impacted station. The abundance and community structure of Diptera patterns, especially Chironomidae, Culicidae and Syrphidae families (all indicative of poor water quality) showed strong evidence of impact from the abattoir effluents. Comparisons of abundance values demonstrated high significance (p &lt; 0.05) between the impacted station and the upstream (station 1) and downstream station (station 3). Shannon index and Berger-Parker dominance were greater at the impacted station (station 2). Analysis of faunal similarities showed that upstream station 1(unpolluted site) was significantly different from stations 2 and 3. The distinct taxa found in station 2 (the impacted station) suggest that the organic input from the abattoir favoured their abundance as most of them were opportunistic species. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Diptera; Impact; Nigeria; Orogodo stream; Water quality	Animals; Effluents; Hardness; Nigeria; Rivers; Diptera patterns; Downstream stations; Orogodo stream; Water quality; abundance; bioindicator; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; fly; organic pollutant; river pollution; species diversity; water quality; Africa; Delta; Nigeria; Orogodo River; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Animalia; Chironomidae; Culicidae; Diptera; Syrphidae	None
None	None	Performance of individual species as indicators for large mammal species richness in Northern Tanzania	Kiffner C., Albertini M., Ede A., Donnellan B., Hahn N., McGinnis M.A., Nietlisbach N.A., Tate J., Kioko J.	2015	Ecological Indicators	53	None	10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.01.022	School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania; Colorado CollegeCO, United States; Santa Clara University, 2734 Heatherstone Dr, SanRafael, CA, United States; Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY, United States; College of Agriculture, Forest and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States	Kiffner, C., School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania; Albertini, M., School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania; Ede, A., Colorado CollegeCO, United States; Donnellan, B., Santa Clara University, 2734 Heatherstone Dr, SanRafael, CA, United States; Hahn, N., Colorado CollegeCO, United States; McGinnis, M.A., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Nietlisbach, N.A., Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY, United States; Tate, J., College of Agriculture, Forest and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States; Kioko, J., School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania	In order to prioritize areas for biodiversity conservation, conservation practitioners frequently employ a single species whose distribution is statistically related to overall species richness. However, the performance of single mammal species in terms of (1) their strength, (2) spatial and (3) temporal variability for predicting large mammal species richness has rarely been assessed. Drawing upon data from multiple vehicle-based surveys in four study sites with varying conservation management approaches in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem, we assessed the performance of thirteen candidate indicator species. Overall, we found that the association strength between the distribution of single large mammal species and overall large mammal species richness varied (1) considerably across four management units within the same ecosystem, (2) between seasons and (3) years. In contrast to a study carried out in central Tanzania, elephants performed poorly as an indicator of large mammal species richness. Applying our findings to conservation planning, we suggest that information on zebra and wildebeest distribution should be used for delineating corridors for large mammals between protected areas in this ecosystem. The distribution of these two species had a high correlation with overall large mammal species richness, and these correlations were relatively constant throughout time and space. More generally, our study suggests that the performance of indicator species (1) should be assessed across multiple seasons because snapshot surveys may provide biased estimates of indicator performance, (2), cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other ecosystems and (3) should be supplemented by ecological or functional considerations. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Connectivity; Conservation planning; Fragmentation; Indicator species; Mammal community; Umbrella species	Biodiversity; Ecology; Ecosystems; Environmental protection; Forestry; Mammals; Population distribution; Surveys; Connectivity; Conservation planning; Fragmentation; Indicator species; Umbrella Species; Conservation; biodiversity; bioindicator; conservation management; conservation planning; fragmentation; geographical distribution; mammal; performance assessment; spatiotemporal analysis; species richness; Tanzania; Elephantidae; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548755466	Evaluation of information indices as indicators of environmental stress in terrestrial soils	Tobor-Kapłon M.A., Holtkamp R., Scharler U.M., Doroszuk A., Kuenen F.J.A., Bloem J., de Ruiter P.C.	2007	Ecological Modelling	208	1	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.022	Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra Wageningen University, Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Bldg., 4041 Durban, South Africa; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management (AEW), Wageningen University, Research Centre, Ritzema Bosweg 32 -A, 6703 AZ Wageningen, Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Institute of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Netherlands	Tobor-Kapłon, M.A., Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra Wageningen University, Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Holtkamp, R., Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Scharler, U.M., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Bldg., 4041 Durban, South Africa, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management (AEW), Wageningen University, Research Centre, Ritzema Bosweg 32 -A, 6703 AZ Wageningen, Netherlands; Doroszuk, A., Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Kuenen, F.J.A., Institute of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Netherlands; Bloem, J., Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra Wageningen University, Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; de Ruiter, P.C., Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands	Information indices from Ecosystem Network Analysis (ENA) can be used to quantify the development of an ecosystem in terms of its size and organization. There are two types of indices, i.e. absolute indices that describe both the size and organization of ecosystem (Total System Throughput (TST)-system size, Ascendancy (A)-size of organized flows and Development Capacity (C)-upper limit for A, Overhead (L)-size of unorganized flows) and relative indices that describe only the organization (Average Mutual Information (AMI = A:TST), Flow Diversity (H = C:TST), Relative Overhead (RL = L:TST)). It is theorized that environmental stress impair the ecosystem development and that the effect of stress can be quantified with the ENA information indices. Here we applied ENA on a case of environmental stress in a terrestrial ecosystem, i.e. soils that have endured long-term exposure to elevated copper concentration and altered pH. The absolute indices showed an unexpected pattern of response to pollution, suggesting that ecosystems in polluted soils are more active and better organized than these in unpolluted soils. The relative indices, alternatively, responded to pollution as predicted by theory, i.e. with decrease of stress (pollution level) the level of specialization increased (increase of AMI) and losses of energy, e.g. due to respiration, decreased (decrease of Overhead). The diversity and evenness of flows showed hump-backed relationship with stress. Less polluted soils appeared to be less vulnerable to external disturbances and more efficient in processing energy (higher Relative Ascendancy (RA = A:C)) than polluted soils. The relative information indices were rigid to changes in values of assumed parameters. The relative indices, opposite to absolute indices, appeared to be useful as indicators of environmental stress on the ecosystem level. © 2007.	Ascendancy; Average Mutual Information; Development Capacity; Ecosystem Network Analysis; Flow Diversity; Information indices; Soil; Stress	Ecosystems; Environmental engineering; pH effects; Soil pollution; Stress analysis; Systems analysis; Ascendancy; Average Mutual Information; Development Capacity; Ecosystem Network Analysis; Flow Diversity; Information indices; Soil mechanics; concentration (composition); copper; environmental stress; pH; soil pollution; terrestrial environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17644420032	Impact of predator pursuit and prey evasion on synchrony and spatial patterns in metapopulation	Li Z.-Z., Gao M., Hui C., Han X.-Z., Shi H.	2005	Ecological Modelling	185	42404	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.12.008	Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Lab. of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Spatial, Physiological Conserv. E., Department of Conservation Ecology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China	Li, Z.-Z., Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China, State Key Lab. of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gao, M., Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Hui, C., Spatial, Physiological Conserv. E., Department of Conservation Ecology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Han, X.-Z., State Key Lab. of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Shi, H., Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China	Spatial synchrony, a normal self-organized spatial pattern in the predator-prey and host-parasitoid systems, can increase risk of regional extinction and hence, shrink metapopulation persistence. Coupled patch models, based on a within-patch Ronsenzweig-MacArthur Model, are adopted to investigate the impact of predator pursuit (PP) and prey evasion (PE) on the spatial synchrony and pattern formation in metapopulation framework. PP indicates that predators migrate not only from patches of higher predator density to those of lower predator density but also from patches of lower prey density to those of higher prey density; while, PE describes that prey migrate not only from patches of higher prey density to those of lower prey density but also from patches of higher predator density to those of lower predator density. Results show that either PP or PE can reduce spatial synchrony and result in the improvement of metapopulation persistence. Spatially explicit predator-prey system with local migration but without PP and PE can produce self-organized spatial patterns such as circular waves. The effect of PP and PE on spatial predator-prey system can decrease the spatial synchrony and change the circular waves to spatial chaos; therefore, these factors increase the spatial complexity and improve the metapopulation persistence. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Coupled patch model; Dynamical complexity; Pattern formation; Predator-prey metapopulation; Spatial chaos; Spatial wave	Chaos theory; Mathematical models; Population statistics; Self organizing maps; Host-parasitoid system; Metapopulation; Predator pursuit (PP); Predator-prey system; Ecosystems; ecological modeling; metapopulation; patch dynamics; persistence; predator-prey interaction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350786518	The effects of aggregation on the performance of the inverse method and indicators of network analysis	Johnson G.A., Niquil N., Asmus H., Bacher C., Asmus R., Baird D.	2009	Ecological Modelling	220	23	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.08.003	IFREMER, Place du Seminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137, France; Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France; Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7620 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Johnson, G.A., IFREMER, Place du Seminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137, France; Niquil, N., Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Asmus, H., Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; Bacher, C., IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France; Asmus, R., Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; Baird, D., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7620 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Food webs are usually aggregated into a manageable size for their interpretation and analysis. The aggregation of food web components in trophic or other guilds is often at the choice of the modeler as there is little guidance in the literature as to what biases might be introduced by aggregation decisions. We examined the impacts of the choice of the a priori model on the subsequent estimation of missing flows using the inverse method and on the indices derived from ecological network analysis of both inverse method-derived flows and on the actual values of flows, using the fully determined Sylt-Rømø Bight food web model. We used the inverse method, with the least squares minimization goal function, to estimate 'missing' values in the food web flows on 14 aggregation schemes varying in number of compartments and in methods of aggregation. The resultant flows were compared to known values; the performance of the inverse method improved with increasing number of compartments and with aggregation based on both habitat and feeding habits rather than diet similarity. Comparison of network analysis indices of inverse method-derived flows with that of actual flows and the original value for the unaggregated food web showed that the use of both the inverse method and the aggregation scheme affected indices derived from ecological network analysis. The inverse method tended to underestimate the size and complexity of food webs, while an aggregation scheme explained as much variability in some network indices as the difference between inverse-derived and actual flows. However, topological network indices tended to be most robust to both the method of determining flows and to the inverse method. These results suggest that a goal function other than minimization of flows should be used when applying the inverse method to food web models. Comparison of food web models should be done with extreme care when different methodologies are used to estimate unknown flows and to aggregate system components. However, we propose that indices such as relative ascendency and relative redundancy are most valuable for comparing ecosystem models constructed using different methodologies for determining missing flows or for aggregating system components. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aggregation; Ecological indicators; Estuary; Food web; Inverse method; Network analysis	Aggregation; Ecological indicators; Food web; Inverse method; Network analysis; Ecosystems; Electric network analysis; Food additives; Inverse problems; aggregation; comparative study; ecosystem modeling; estimation method; estuarine ecosystem; feeding behavior; food web; habitat creation; inverse analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646425859	Linking a population model with an ecosystem model: Assessing the impact of land use and climate change on savanna shrub cover dynamics	Tews J., Esther A., Milton S.J., Jeltsch F.	2006	Ecological Modelling	195	42433	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.025	Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Tews, J., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Esther, A., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Milton, S.J., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Jeltsch, F., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany	In semiarid savannas of Southern Africa current land use practices and climate change may lead to substantial changes of vegetation structure in the near future, however uncertainty remains about the potential consequences and the magnitude of change. In this paper we study the impact of climate change, cattle grazing, and wood cutting on shrub cover dynamics in savannas of the southern Kalahari. We use an established savanna ecosystem model to simulate landscape dynamics in terms of rainfall, fire and distribution of the dominant tree Acacia erioloba. We then incorporate these data into a spatial population model of the common, fleshy-fruited shrub Grewia flava and investigate shrub cover dynamics for a period of 100 years. Depending on the intensity of commercial wood cutting practices tree removal of A. erioloba led to a strong decline of the G. flava population, as shrub recruitment is concentrated in tree sub-canopies due to bird-mediated seed dispersal. Under climate change shrub cover slightly decreased with decreasing precipitation and was unchanged with increase in precipitation variability. Contrarily, grazing by cattle strongly increased shrub cover and facilitated shrub encroachment because of cattle-induced distribution of G. flava seeds into the matrix vegetation. Knowledge of the latter process is particularly important because shrub invasion is a major concern for conservation and savanna rangeland management as a result of its adverse effects on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model	Climate change; Land use; Mathematical models; Regional planning; Vegetation; Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model; Ecosystems; climate change; grazing; land use; landscape change; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; Africa; Kalahari Desert; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Aves; Bos taurus; Grewia; Grewia flava	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747817988	Comparing trophic flows and fishing impacts of a NW Mediterranean ecosystem with coastal upwelling systems by means of standardized models and indicators	Coll M., Shannon L.J., Moloney C.L., Palomera I., Tudela S.	2006	Ecological Modelling	198	42371	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.009	Institute of Marine Science (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Maritim la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012 Cape Town, South Africa; Marine Biology Research Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; WWF Mediterranean Programme Office, Canuda 37, 08002 Barcelona, Spain	Coll, M., Institute of Marine Science (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Maritim la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Shannon, L.J., Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012 Cape Town, South Africa; Moloney, C.L., Marine Biology Research Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Palomera, I., Institute of Marine Science (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Maritim la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Tudela, S., WWF Mediterranean Programme Office, Canuda 37, 08002 Barcelona, Spain	The NW Mediterranean has a number of structural features in common with upwelling ecosystems. Therefore, an ecological model representing a NW Mediterranean exploited ecosystem was standardized and compared with four previously standardized models from coastal upwelling ecosystems: the Northern and Southern Humboldt (Chile and Peru upwelling systems) and the Northern and Southern Benguela (Namibia and South Africa upwelling systems). Results from biomasses, flows and trophic levels indicated important differences between ecosystems, mainly caused by differences in primary production, which was smallest in the NW Mediterranean Sea. However, principal component analysis (PCA) of biomasses and flows suggested a similar pattern between the NW Mediterranean and the South African systems due to the inclusion of an important fraction of the continental shelf in both ecological models representing these areas. At the same time, diets of commercial species from the NW Mediterranean were more similar to Benguela than Humboldt species. However, the relatively heavy fishing pressure in the NW Mediterranean ecosystem was highlighted relative to its primary production, and was evident from the large catches and small primary production, largest flows from TL 1 required to sustain the fishery (%PPR), the low trophic level of the catch (TLc), high exploitation rates (F/Z), largest values in the trophic spectra portraying catch: biomass ratio, the FIB index and the demersal: total catch ration. Comparisons of %PPR, the trophic level of the community (TLco), the biomass of consumers and F/Z ratios seemed to capture the ecosystem effects of fishing: large in the NW Mediterranean, Namibia and Peru upwelling systems. Small pelagic fish were the most important component of the fisheries in the NW Mediterranean and Peruvian systems. However, the smaller production and biomass ratios from the NW Mediterranean could be an indirect indicator of intense fishing pressure on small pelagic fish, also in line with results from consumption of small pelagic fish by the fishery, F/Z ratios and trophic spectra. Moreover, similarities between the NW Mediterranean and Namibian systems were found, mainly related to the demersal: total catch ratios, the FIB index, the relevance of gelatinous zooplankton in the consumption of production and the importance of pelagic-demersal coupling, in remarkable contrast to the other ecosystems. These similarities should be interpreted in terms of dynamic trajectories that the Namibian system has shown due to the collapse of its pelagic ecosystem, partly due to fishing intensity, and the signs that the NW Mediterranean could follow suit in the future. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ecological modelling; Ecosystem indicators; Fishing impact; Mediterranean; Trophic flows; Upwelling ecosystems	Biodiversity; Biomass; Ecology; Environmental impact; Mathematical models; Principal component analysis; Ecological modeling; Ecosystem indicators; Fishing impact; Trophic flows; Upwelling ecosystems; Ecosystems; biomass; coastal zone; commercial species; comparative study; diet; ecological modeling; fishing; oceanic circulation; pelagic fish; principal component analysis; trophic level; upwelling; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; Benguela Current; Chile; Humboldt Current; Mediterranean Sea; Mediterranean Sea (Northwest); Namibia; Pacific Ocean; Peru; South Africa; South America; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902578770	Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS	Fand B.B., Tonnang H.E.Z., Kumar M., Bal S.K., Singh N.P., Rao D.V.K.N., Kamble A.L., Nangare D.D., Minhas P.S.	2014	Ecological Modelling	288	None	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.05.018	National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Fand, B.B., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Tonnang, H.E.Z., International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kumar, M., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Bal, S.K., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Singh, N.P., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Rao, D.V.K.N., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Kamble, A.L., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Nangare, D.D., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Minhas, P.S., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India	The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a highly invasive and polyphagous pest of global incidence. The fundamental hypothesis of the present study was that the temperature variations due to global climate change may affect seriously the future distribution and abundance of P. solenopsis, which might further aggravate the crop yield losses. We employed a temperature-based phenology model of P. solenopsis in a geographic information system for mapping population growth potentials of P. solenopsis. The three risk indices viz., establishment risk index, generation index and activity index were computed using interpolated temperature data from worldclim database for current (2000) and future (2050) climatic conditions. The daily minimum and maximum temperature data from four selected weather stations in India were used for analysing within-year variation of pest population. A linear relationship was established between the activity indices and yield losses at various locations reported in literatures for predicting the future trend of yield loss due to climate change. The results revealed that, under current temperature conditions P. solenopsis can complete >4.0 generations per year on ~80% of the global cotton production areas. Economic losses are likely to occur in areas where at least 8.0 generations can develop in a year; under current climate ~40% areas fall under this category. The increased geographical suitability at higher latitudes in cotton production areas, additional 2.0 generations per year, and 4.0 fold increase of population abundance of P. solenopsis are expected in tropical and sub-tropical cotton areas of Brazil, South Africa, Pakistan and India due to predicted climate change. Analysis of within year population increase at various selected locations in India revealed that, P. solenopsis attained maximum potential population increase during the major cotton growing season (May-June to October-November). On the other hand, the innate ability of P. solenopsis population to increase reduced considerably during off season and cooler winter months. The increased pest activity of P. solenopsis due to climate change may intensify the losses in cotton yield, with forecasted losses in India to increase from existing losses of million US$ 1217.10 to future losses of million US$ 1764.85 by the year 2050. Here, we illustrate the possible impact of climate change on future P. solenopsis exacerbation based on temperature-driven population studies, which will help in undertaking agro-ecoregion specific management strategies. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Abiotic stresses; Climate adaptation planning; Invasive pests; Pest forecasting models; Policy measures; Risk mapping	Biology; Climate change; Climate models; Cotton; Cultivation; Forecasting; Forestry; Geographic information systems; Losses; Mapping; Risk assessment; Abiotic stress; Forecasting models; Invasive pests; Policy measures; Risk mappings; Population statistics; climate change; climate conditions; ecological modeling; GIS; growing season; insect; invasive species; phenology; plant-herbivore interaction; policy making; prediction; temperature effect; yield response; Brazil; South Africa; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054097164	Stochastic simulation model of Ankole pastoral production system: Model development and evaluation	Mulindwa H., Galukande E., Wurzinger M., Ojango J., Okeyo A.M., Sölkner J.	2011	Ecological Modelling	222	20-22	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.08.027	National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; National Animal Genetic Resources Center and Data Bank, Entebbe, Tororo, Uganda; BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Mulindwa, H., National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Galukande, E., National Animal Genetic Resources Center and Data Bank, Entebbe, Tororo, Uganda, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wurzinger, M., BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Ojango, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sölkner, J., BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria	In the Ankole pastoral production system animals are grazed on pasture all year round. The cattle are not supplemented with conserved pasture or commercial feed except minerals. The large number of factors that influence production makes it impractical and expensive to use field trials to explore all the farm system options. A model of a pastoral production system was developed to provide a tool for developing and testing the system; for example, drying off animals early and supplement them for quick return on heat, testing the economic and ecological viability of the different stocking rates. The model links climate information, on a monthly basis, with dynamic, stochastic component-models for pasture growth and animal production, as well as management policies. Some of the component models were developed and published by other authors but are modified to suit the Ankole pastoral conditions. The model outputs were compared with on-farm data collected over 3 years and data collected for other on-farm studies in the region. The relative prediction error (RPE) values for body weight after weaning across both breeds ranged from 3% to 12% which is below the acceptable 20% and means that the model predicts post weaning growth with an average error of 7.5%. The model predicted pasture production and milk yield across seasons with relative prediction errors of 17.6% and 3.33%, respectively. The graph shapes of actual and predicted average daily milk yield as influenced by season (month of the year) were similar. Because pasture growth and milk production predictions were acceptable, economic predictions can be made using the model to test different management options such as seasonal breeding, alterations in lactation length and determination of appropriate off-takes and evaluation of economic viability of various stocking rates. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Ankole cattle; Pastoral system; Simulation; STELLA software	Animal production; Ankole cattle; Average errors; Body weight; Climate information; Commercial feed; Component model; Economic predictions; Economic viability; Field trial; Management options; Management policy; Milk production; Milk yield; Model development; Model links; Model outputs; Pastoral system; Pasture production; Prediction errors; Production system; Quick-return; Simulation; Stella software; Stochastic simulation model; Animals; Climate models; Computer simulation; Economic analysis; Farms; Forecasting; Production engineering; Software testing; Stochastic systems; Stochastic models; agricultural production; body mass; cattle; data set; economic analysis; error analysis; grazing; growth; model test; numerical model; pastoralism; pasture; prediction; software; stochasticity; stocking density; weaning; weight; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39649119639	Hakea sericea: Development of a model of the impacts of biological control on population dynamics and rates of spread of an invasive species	Le Maitre D.C., Krug R.M., Hoffmann J.H., Gordon A.J., Mgidi T.N.	2008	Ecological Modelling	212	42433	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.011	Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa	Le Maitre, D.C., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Krug, R.M., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Hoffmann, J.H., Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Gordon, A.J., Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Mgidi, T.N., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	This paper reports on the development and testing of a simulation model to assess the impacts of two seed-feeding biological control agents on the dispersal of an invasive perennial tree, Hakea sericea (Proteaceae), which was introduced into South Africa from Australia during the 1850s. The agents are known to reduce seed banks at the individual plant level but the population-level effects are not well understood. The aim of the study was to estimate the extent to which the biological control has reduced the population growth and rate of spread of this species. H. sericea is a serotinous species which releases its wind-dispersed seeds en masse when the parent plants are killed, usually by fire. Field data were used to develop functions describing the fecundity of the plants and the impacts of the biological control agents as well as seedling recruitment rates and density dependent mortality. A group of 'experts' provided estimates of the cumulative proportion of seeds that would disperse over distances from 50 to 1000 m following a fire. The estimates were used to fit various long-range dispersal functions. The Weibull distribution gave the overall best fit and was used to generate parameter sets from each expert's estimates of dispersal. Simulations were then run using a reasonable range of fire intervals and dispersal parameters for the two experts whose estimates represented the minimum and maximum dispersal distances. Biological control agents have reduced the seed loads on H. sericea plants by more than 95%. This, in turn, reduced population growth rates, maximum seed dispersal distances and the formation of new invasion foci. Population growth rates and spread rates were positively correlated because greater dispersal distances resulted in lower densities and, thus, lower levels of density dependent mortality. Numerous previous studies have found that biological control can limit population growth rates of invasive plants, but this is one of the few to have estimated the impacts on the invasion rates and to use an individual-based modelling approach to estimate population-level effects. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Biological control; Fire frequency; Hakea sericea; Population dynamics; Seed banks; Seed dispersal; South Africa; Weibull distribution	Biocontrol; Biodiversity; Plants (botany); Seed; Weibull distribution; Fire frequency; Hakea sericea; Seed banks; Seed dispersal; Population dynamics; angiosperm; biological control; density dependence; fire; individual-based model; invasive species; mortality; population dynamics; population estimation; population growth; recruitment (population dynamics); seed bank; seed dispersal; shrub; Weibull theory; Africa; Australasia; Australia; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Hakea sericea; Proteaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956901748	Testing the impact of social forces on the evolution of Sahelian farming systems: A combined agent-based modeling and anthropological approach	Saqalli M., Gérard B., Bielders C., Defourny P.	2010	Ecological Modelling	221	22	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.004	REEDS UVSQ Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 47 boulevard Vauban, 78280 Guyancourt, France; International Livestock Research Institute, Addis-Abeba, Ethiopia; Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	Saqalli, M., REEDS UVSQ Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 47 boulevard Vauban, 78280 Guyancourt, France; Gérard, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Addis-Abeba, Ethiopia; Bielders, C., Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Defourny, P., Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	This article presents the results of a methodology based on an extensive sociological fieldwork in three different sites settled along a gradient of aridity in Nigerien Sahel. This fieldwork led to build a set of rules for the behaviour of individuals in non-pastoralist villages. We implemented these rules into an agent-based model simulating three village archetypes. Each archetype includes biophysical, economical, social agricultural and livestock modules. Results from simulations with no social transition processes show that villages specialize themselves into different economic activities according to natural resource specificities: A decreasing intensification gradient is observed from the most favoured site, with more local productions and good ecological indicators, to the less-favoured site, with a growing proportion of the population wealth coming from migration remittances and " off-shore" livestock. Two family transition processes were implemented, following field observations and literature-based hypotheses: family organizations evolve between a patriarchal mode and a non-cooperative mode following tensions due to income redistribution. Family inheritance systems evolve from a " customary" one-heir mode to a " local Muslim" mode in which all males inherits land. This evolution depends on family tensions due to land availability. Once introducing these processes, the population of each site differentiates itself into specialized groups according to size, assets and social status. Meanwhile, the group proportions and specializations strongly vary according to the sites but they are all characterized by the emergence of individualistic family types and the increase of the village populations' robustness. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Family organization; Family transition processes; Individual agent-based modeling; Inheritance; Social distribution of economic assets	Family organization; Family transition processes; Individual agent; Inheritance; Social distribution; Computational methods; Ecology; Economics; Agriculture; anthropology; aridity; economic activity; family structure; farming system; literature review; rural area; social behavior; Nigeria; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961033423	Cryptic herbivores mediate the strength and form of ungulate impacts on a long-lived savanna tree	Maclean J.E., Goheen J.R., Doak D.F., Palmer T.M., Young T.P.	2011	Ecology	92	8	10.1890/10-2097.1	Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Maclean, J.E., Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; Goheen, J.R., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Doak, D.F., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Palmer, T.M., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Young, T.P., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Plant populations are regulated by a diverse array of herbivores that impose demographic filters throughout their life cycle. Few studies, however, simultaneously quantify the impacts of multiple herbivore guilds on the lifetime performance or population growth rate of plants. In African savannas, large ungulates (such as elephants) are widely regarded as important drivers of woody plant population dynamics, while the potential impacts of smaller, more cryptic herbivores (such as rodents) have largely been ignored. We combined a largescale ungulate exclusion experiment with a five-year manipulation of rodent densities to quantify the impacts of three herbivore guilds (wild ungulates, domestic cattle, and rodents) on all life stages of a widespread savanna tree. We utilized demographic modeling to reveal the overall role of each guild in regulating tree population dynamics, and to elucidate the importance of different demographic hurdles in driving population growth under contrasting consumer communities. We found that wild ungulates dramatically reduced population growth, shifting the population trajectory from increase to decline, but that the mechanisms driving these effects were strongly mediated by rodents. The impact of wild ungulates on population growth was predominantly driven by their negative effect on tree reproduction when rodents were excluded, and on adult tree survival when rodents were present. By limiting seedling survival, rodents also reduced population growth; however, this effect was strongly dampened where wild ungulates were present. We suggest that these complex interactions between disparate consumer guilds can have important consequences for the population demography of long-lived species, and that the effects of a single consumer group are often likely to vary dramatically depending on the larger community in which interactions are embedded. © 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.	Acacia drepanolobium; African savanna; Demography; Herbivory; Kenya; Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment; Lambda; Matrix model; Mpala Research Centre; Rodent; Seed predation; Tree recruitment; Ungulate	cattle; exclusion experiment; growth rate; guild; herbivore; life cycle; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; population decline; population growth; population modeling; population regulation; rodent; savanna; seedling emergence; survival; ungulate; woody plant; Acacia; Africa; animal; antelope; article; cattle; ecosystem; elephant; feeding behavior; horse; physiology; rodent; tree; Acacia; Africa; Animals; Antelopes; Cattle; Ecosystem; Elephants; Equidae; Feeding Behavior; Rodentia; Trees; Kenya; Acacia drepanolobium; Bos taurus; Elephantidae; Rodentia; Ungulata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951194854	Diet breadth influences how the impact of invasive plants is propagated through food webs	Carvalheiro L.G., Buckley Y.M., Jane M.	2010	Ecology	91	4	10.1890/08-2092.1	University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom; University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, QLD 4072, Australia; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa	Carvalheiro, L.G., University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Buckley, Y.M., University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, QLD 4072, Australia, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Jane, M., University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom	Invasive plants are considered a major cause of ecosystem degradation worldwide. While their impacts on native plants have been widely reported, there is little information on how these impacts propagate through food webs and affect species at higher trophic levels. Using a quantitative food web approach we evaluated the impacts of an invasive plant on plant-herbivore-parasitoid communities, asking specifically how diet breadth influences the propagation of such impacts. Measuring the impact of the alien plant at the plant level seriously underestimated the community-level effect of this weed as it also caused changes in the abundance of native herbivores and parasitoids, along with a decrease in parasitoid species richness. The invading plant affected specialist and generalist subsets of communities differently, having significant and strong negative impacts on the abundance of all specialists with no negative effect on generalist consumers. Specialist consumer decline led to further disruptions of top-down regulatory mechanisms, releasing generalist species from competition via shared natural enemies. Plant invasion also significantly increased the evenness of species abundance of all trophic levels in the food webs, as well as the evenness of species interaction frequency. Extending impact evaluation to higher trophic levels and considering changes in trophic diversity within levels is hence essential for a full evaluation of the consequences of invasion by alien plants. Moreover, information on diet breadth of species in the invaded community should be taken into account when evaluating/predicting the impacts on any introduced species. © 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.	Alien plants; Apparent competition; Avon heath country park; Diet breadth; Dorset; Food web; Gaultheria shallon; Herbivore; Parasitoid; Trophic cascade; UK	degradation; dicotyledon; diet; food web; herbivore; invasive species; native species; parasitoid; species richness; trophic cascade; animal; article; classification; diet; environmental protection; feeding behavior; food chain; host parasite interaction; insect; parasitology; physiology; plant; United Kingdom; Animals; Conservation of Natural Resources; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Food Chain; Great Britain; Host-Parasite Interactions; Insects; Plants; Avon; Dorset [England]; England; United Kingdom; Gaultheria shallon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886261567	Non-linear feeding functional responses in the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) predict immediate negative impact of wetland degradation on this flagship species	Deville A.-S., Grémillet D., Gauthier-Clerc M., Guillemain M., Von Houwald F., Gardelli B., Béchet A.	2013	Ecology and Evolution	3	5	10.1002/ece3.554	Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland	Deville, A.-S., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Grémillet, D., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France, FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Guillemain, M., Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Von Houwald, F., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Gardelli, B., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Béchet, A., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France	Accurate knowledge of the functional response of predators to prey density is essential for understanding food web dynamics, to parameterize mechanistic models of animal responses to environmental change, and for designing appropriate conservation measures. Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus), a flagship species of Mediterranean wetlands, primarily feed on Artemias (Artemia spp.) in commercial salt pans, an industry which may collapse for economic reasons. Flamingos also feed on alternative prey such as Chironomid larvae (e.g., Chironomid spp.) and rice seeds (Oryza sativa). However, the profitability of these food items for flamingos remains unknown. We determined the functional responses of flamingos feeding on Artemias, Chironomids, or rice. Experiments were conducted on 11 captive flamingos. For each food item, we offered different ranges of food densities, up to 13 times natural abundance. Video footage allowed estimating intake rates. Contrary to theoretical predictions for filter feeders, intake rates did not increase linearly with increasing food density (type I). Intake rates rather increased asymptotically with increasing food density (type II) or followed a sigmoid shape (type III). Hence, flamingos were not able to ingest food in direct proportion to their abundance, possibly because of unique bill structure resulting in limited filtering capabilities. Overall, flamingos foraged more efficiently on Artemias. When feeding on Chironomids, birds had lower instantaneous rates of food discovery and required more time to extract food from the sediment and ingest it, than when filtering Artemias from the water column. However, feeding on rice was energetically more profitable for flamingos than feeding on Artemias or Chironomids, explaining their attraction for rice fields. Crucially, we found that food densities required for flamingos to reach asymptotic intake rates are rarely met under natural conditions. This allows us to predict an immediate negative effect of any decrease in prey density upon flamingo foraging performance. © 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Artemia spp; Attack rate; Conservation; Filter feeder; Food intake rate; Handling time; Salt pans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931269184	Diversity of honey stores and their impact on pathogenic bacteria of the honeybee, Apis mellifera	Erler S., Denner A., Bobiş O., Forsgren E., Moritz R.F.A.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	20	10.1002/ece3.1252	Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Erler, S., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Denner, A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Bobiş, O., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Forsgren, E., Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Moritz, R.F.A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Honeybee colonies offer an excellent environment for microbial pathogen development. The highest virulent, colony killing, bacterial agents are Paenibacillus larvae causing American foulbrood (AFB), and European foulbrood (EFB) associated bacteria. Besides the innate immune defense, honeybees evolved behavioral defenses to combat infections. Foraging of antimicrobial plant compounds plays a key role for this "social immunity" behavior. Secondary plant metabolites in floral nectar are known for their antimicrobial effects. Yet, these compounds are highly plant specific, and the effects on bee health will depend on the floral origin of the honey produced. As worker bees not only feed themselves, but also the larvae and other colony members, honey is a prime candidate acting as self-medication agent in honeybee colonies to prevent or decrease infections. Here, we test eight AFB and EFB bacterial strains and the growth inhibitory activity of three honey types. Using a high-throughput cell growth assay, we show that all honeys have high growth inhibitory activity and the two monofloral honeys appeared to be strain specific. The specificity of the monofloral honeys and the strong antimicrobial potential of the polyfloral honey suggest that the diversity of honeys in the honey stores of a colony may be highly adaptive for its "social immunity" against the highly diverse suite of pathogens encountered in nature. This ecological diversity may therefore operate similar to the well-known effects of host genetic variance in the arms race between host and parasite. © 2014 The Authors.	Paenibacillus larvae; American foulbrood; Antimicrobial activity; Disease ecology; European foulbrood; Host-parasite interaction; Self-medication	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904573626	Comparing determinants of alien bird impacts across two continents: Implications for risk assessment and management	Evans T., Kumschick S., Dyer E., Blackburn T.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	14	10.1002/ece3.1144	Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia; Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Evans, T., Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Kumschick, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Dyer, E., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Blackburn, T., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Invasive alien species can have serious adverse impacts on both the environment and the economy. Being able to predict the impacts of an alien species could assist in preventing or reducing these impacts. This study aimed to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with the impacts of alien birds across two continents, Europe and Australia, as a first step toward identifying life history traits that may have the potential to be adopted as predictors of alien bird impacts. A recently established impact scoring system was used in combination with a literature review to allocate impact scores to alien bird species with self-sustaining populations in Australia. These scores were then tested for correlation with a series of life history traits. The results were compared to data from a previous study in Europe, undertaken using the same methodology, in order to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with impact across both continents. Habitat generalism was the only life history trait found to be consistently correlated with impact in both Europe and Australia. This trait shows promise as a potential predictor of alien bird impacts. The results support the findings of previous studies in this field, and could be used to inform decisions regarding the prevention and management of future invasions. © 2014 The Authors.	Alien birds; Biological invasion; Habitat generalism; Impact prediction; Life history traits; Risk assessment	None	SNSF, Swiss National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930477303	The local social and environmental impacts of smallholder-based biofuel investments in Zambia	German L., Schoneveld G.C., Gumbo D.	2011	Ecology and Society	16	4	10.5751/ES-04280-160412	Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe	German, L., Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe; Schoneveld, G.C., Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe; Gumbo, D., Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe	High oil prices, recent commitments by industrialized countries to enhance the use of renewable energy, and efforts by developing countries to stimulate foreign investment as a pathway to development have fueled high levels of interest in the biofuel sector throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is no exception. A large, land-locked country with high pump prices and vast tracts of land considered by many to be "degraded" or "underutilized," investor interest in the sector has remained high despite uncertainties associated with unproven feedstocks and market fluctuations. While investment in multiple feedstock and production models may be observed, one of the primary investments has been in jatropha outgrower schemes in which small-scale farmers grow feedstock on contract with domestic and foreign investors. We assess the history and evolution of the largest such scheme in Zambia, as well as the social and environmental impacts in two districts with large numbers of outgrowers. Findings suggest that, although such a production model may hold promise for enhancing rural livelihood benefits from the emerging biofuel sector, to date, small-scale farmers have borne the brunt of the risk and uncertainty that are the trademarks of this emerging industry. We conclude with a discussion of options to minimize forest conversion and protect farmers against high-risk investments, while harnessing the potential of this business model for enhancing rural livelihoods in Zambia and elsewhere. © 2011 by the author(s).	Biofuels; Jatropha; Outgrower scheme; Zambia	alternative energy; biofuel; developing world; environmental impact; investment location; renewable resource; rural development; rural economy; rural energy; smallholder; uncertainty analysis; Zambia; Jatropha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923551169	Toward an analytical framework for understanding complex socialecological systems when conducting environmental impact assessments in South Africa	Bowd R., Quinn N.W., Kotze D.C.	2015	Ecology and Society	20	1	10.5751/ES-07057-200141	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, United Kingdom	Bowd, R., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Quinn, N.W., Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, United Kingdom; Kotze, D.C., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Consideration of biophysical impacts has historically dominated environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice. Despite the emergence of social impact assessment, the consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA is variable, as is the extent of their integration in EIA findings. There is growing recognition for the need to move EIA practice toward sustainability assessment, characterized by comprehensiveness, i.e., scope of impacts, integration, i.e., of biophysical and socioeconomic impacts, and a greater strategic focus. This is particularly the case in developing regions and in countries like South Africa, which have statutory requirements for the full consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA. We suggest that EIA practice could benefit from incorporating evolving theory around social-ecological systems (SES) as an effective way of moving toward sustainability assessment. As far as we are aware, our study constitutes the first attempt to apply and formalize SES constructs to EIA practice within a regulated procedure. Our framework goes beyond conventional scoping approaches reliant on checklists and matrices by requiring the EIA practitioner to cocreate a conceptual model of the current and future social-ecological system with the implicated communities. This means social and biophysical impacts are assessed integratively, and that communities participate meaningfully in the EIA process, thereby helping address two of the most common shortfalls of EIA practice. The framework was applied in two case studies, establishment of communitybased accommodation linked to existing tourism infrastructure (Eastern Cape, South Africa), and a proposed wine estate (KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa). The framework revealed impacts, which would not be considered in a biophysically-oriented EIA, and helped identify development synergies and institutional and governance needs that are equally likely to have been overlooked. We suggest the framework has value as a counterpoint to established approaches and could contribute to improving the quality of EIAs with respect to the complex SESs that characterize the developing world. © 2015 by the author(s).	Ecosystem services; Environmental impact assessment (EIA); Framework; Participation; Social-ecological system (SES); Sustainability assessment	analytical framework; developing world; ecosystem service; environmental impact assessment; participatory approach; sustainability; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76049129409	Impact of sediment characteristics on the macrobenthic invertebrates community of a perturbed tropical lagoon	Uwadiae R.E., Edokpayi C.A., Adegbite O., Ablmbola O.	2009	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	15	3	None	Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Uwadiae, R.E., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Edokpayi, C.A., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbite, O., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ablmbola, O., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	The physico-chemical characteristics of the sediments and the benthic macrfauna of Epe lagoon, in south-western Nigeria were investigated between September, 2004 and February, 2005. The sediment parameters studied were grain size, total organic content (TOC), pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and heavy metals (zinc and copper). A range of 65.8-92.8% for sand, 7.8-29.4% for mud, 2.05-98.5% for TOC, 7.2-8.0 for pH, 3.81-44.27mg/kg for zinc, 0.32-5.81mg/kg for copper, 0.10-0.19mg/kg for sulphate, 1.12-1.38mg/kg for nitrate, and 0.22-0.35mg/kg for phosphate were recorded during the study period. Sediment types were predominantly sand intermixed with varied proportions of mud. There was significant difference (ANOVA, P<0.05) in all the parameters investigated at the study stations except for phosphate and nitrate. A total of 2,673 individuals belonging to three phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda and mollusca) were encountered in this study. The molluscs dominated both in the number of individuals and species. The benthic macroinvertebrates abundance and diversity were low. The impact of sediment characteristics on the distribution, abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study area is discussed. Copyright © Enviromedia.	Coastal water; Macrobenthic invertebrates; Sediment characteristics; South-western Nigeria	coastal lagoon; inorganic compound; macrobenthos; macroinvertebrate; mollusc; parameterization; perturbation; physicochemical property; population density; population distribution; rationalization; sediment property; Epe Lagoon; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Annelida; Arthropoda; Invertebrata; Mollusca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956082344	Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons in water, fish and plant samples in Degele and Environs in Delta state, Nigeria	Olaji E.D., Edema Clarkson U., Edema Mary O.	2010	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	16	4	None	Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Olaji, E.D., Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Edema Clarkson, U., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Edema Mary, O., Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	This work measures the total petroleum hydrocarbon in water, fish and plant samples from and around Degele community. Water, fish and plant samples were separately extracted and the extracts examined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) after silica gel fractionation. The result of the analysis for water revealed that the mean levels of aliphatic Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PH) in well ranged between 0.004+ 0.002 and 0.004 ± 0.0069 mg/L, pond was between 0.006 ± 0.002 and 0.014 + 0.019 mg/L and the mean river level was 0.008 ± 0.008 mg/L. That of fish ranged between 0.188 + 0.122 and 1.315 + 0.808mg/kg for pond, 0.034 + 0.001mg/kg for the river and plant ranged between 0.044 and 0.079 mg/kg. Mean aromatic PHs in well ranged between 0.002+ 0.002 and 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/L, pond was between (0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.006 + 0.007mg/L and the mean river level was 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/L. That of fish ranged between 0.003 + 0.002 and 0.038 + 0.025mg/kg for pond, 0.019 + 0.001mg/kg for the river and plant ranged between 0.001 and 0.003 mg/kg. The hydrocarbon type was shown to be mainly moderately high molecular weight aromatic and high molecular weight aliphatics. Copyright © Enviromedia.	Fish plant petroleum hydrocarbon; Well-pond-River water	fish; gas chromatography; petroleum hydrocarbon; pH; pond; river water; water level; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052854289	Impact of Onchocerciasis on the economy of rural communities in nigeria: A case study of federal capital territory (FCT)	Obansa S.A.J., Anibueze M.E.	2011	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	17	2	None	Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria	Obansa, S.A.J., Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Anibueze, M.E., Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria	Onchocerciasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus. The disease causes skin diseases, visual impairment and blindness especially among the poor rural populace. This study assessed the impact of onchocerciasis on income/wage and labour supply in the six area council of Abuja, FCT Nigeria, using econometric technique. A cross-sectional analytica design using a ultis age ratified random sampling technique was employed. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection focusing on relevant socio-demographic and economic variables such marital status, age, occupation, wages/income and labour supply. A total of 502 households responded to the questionnaire, representing 93% of planned respondents. The study showed that Onchocerciasis had decreasing impact on the daily wage/income by 23% and labour supply by 66% and thereby leading to a decrease in labour productivity. The use of mectizan drugs was found to be effective in reducing negative effects on labour supply as a result of the disease. Efforts should be made to sustain the use of mectizan drugs to combat the menace of onchocerciasis in the endemic areas. Copyright© EM International.	Daily income/wage; Fabour productivity; Labour supply; Mass drug administration; Mectizan drugs; Onchocerciasis	age class; blindness; demography; drug; economic impact; endemism; income; labor productivity; labor supply; occupation; onchocerciasis; questionnaire survey; rural economy; rural population; sampling; skin disorder; wage; womens health; Abuja [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Onchocerca volvulus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882444096	Impact of copper-based fungicide application on copper contamination of cocoa plants and soils in the Ahafo Ano North District, Ashanti region, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour P., Gyimah Gyamfi H., Fei-Baffoe B., Akrofi A.Y.	2013	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	19	2	None	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Institute for Applied Material Flow Management, University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus, Birkenfeld, Germany; Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), PO Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Gyimah Gyamfi, H., Institute for Applied Material Flow Management, University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus, Birkenfeld, Germany; Fei-Baffoe, B., Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akrofi, A.Y., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), PO Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana	The control of the blackpod disease of cocoa is mainly through the application of copper-based fungicides. However, copper-based fungicides use might have negative impact by introducing copper residues in cocoa plants and soils. The study was conducted in selected cocoa farms in the Ahafo-Ano North district of the Ashanti Region to evaluate the effect of copper contained in fungicides on the soil, cocoa beans and leaves. Soil analysis showed that copper contents in the soils of cocoa plantations were significantly higher than those of adjacent forest soils. Extractable copper content in the topsoil was similar to that of the subsoil (p = 0.564), although total copper content was significantly higher in the topsoil (p = 0.005). Both extractable and total copper contents of the soil differed significantly among the different aged plantations (p < 0.001). Soils of the various cocoa plantations were contaminated with regard to Contamination Factor and Geoaccumulation index of extractable and total copper in the topsoil and subsoil. Copper residues were detected in both cocoa leaves and beans in amounts higher than soil copper. Copper content of cocoa leaves differed significantly with respect to age of cocoa plantations (p = 0.001) but that was not the case for copper content in cocoa beans (p = 0.227). Extractable and total copper contents in subsoil related significantly with copper content in cocoa leaves (p = 0.004 and 0.04 respectively). Ecological implications of the study have been emphasised. © EM International.	Blackpod disease; Cocoa; Contamination factor; Fungicides; Geoaccumulation index	cocoa; copper; disease control; forest soil; fungicide; geoaccumulation; index method; plantation; pollution effect; soil pollution; topsoil; Ashanti; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45949110251	Evaluation of the nutrient and sensory properties of multimixes and porridges made from maize, soybean, and plantain for use as complementary food	Nnam N.M., Baiyeri G.T.	2008	Ecology of Food and Nutrition	47	1	10.1080/03670240701615374	Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnam, N.M., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Baiyeri, G.T., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study is part of a series of exploratory works on the use of cheap and locally available staples to improve the Nigerian traditional complementary foods. The proximate, some mineral, and vitamin compositions of composite flours formulated from maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid were evaluated. The processing included sprouting maize for 48 h, boiling soybean for 1 h, and hand peeling plantain to obtain the pulp. The samples were dried and milled into fine flours. The flours were combined in ratios of 70:30:0, 65:30:5, 60:30:10, and 55:30:15 (protein basis) of maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the composites for nutrient composition. The nutrient levels of the composites were compared with Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for formulated supplementary foods for older infants and young children. "Ogi" flour and Nutrend served as the controls. Porridges made from the composites were evaluated for sensory properties. The boiled soybean contained appreciable quantities of protein (42.18%) and lipid (18.60%). The energy levels of the flour blends and the protein levels of some of the composites (maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid, 60:30:10) were comparable to that of Nutrend and met the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines. The composites showed nutritional superiority over "ogi" flour in terms of protein, lipid, ash, and iron nutriture. The porridges made from the composites were accepted slightly by the judges. Further work is currently underway in our laboratory to improve the nutrient composition of the composites and the acceptability of their porridges.	Acceptability; Complementary food; Composite flour; Nutrients; Porridges	food consumption; food quality; maize; nutrient; nutritive value; soybean; vitamin; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
None	None	Evaluation of self-care practices and emotional distress among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in dar es salaam, tanzania	Mosha T.C.E., Rashidi H.	2009	Ecology of Food and Nutrition	48	2	10.1080/03670240802577457	Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Mosha, T.C.E., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Rashidi, H., Department of Clinical Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	This study was conducted to determine self-care practices and diabetes related emotional distress among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross sectional survey-involving 121 Types 2 diabetics was conducted in 4 diabetic clinics located in Dar es Salaam. Anthropometric and biomedical measurements namely weight, height, waist, hip, mid-upper arm circumference, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were measured. Self-care practices and diabetic related emotion distress were evaluated by using validated instruments. Results revealed that, the average fasting plasma glucose was 11.2 ± 5.5 mmol/l, blood pressure was 134.7/86.1 mm/Hg and the mean BMI for males and females were 25.0 ± 4.3 and 27.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2, respectively. Subject's self-care score for general diet, specific diet, physical exercise, foot-care and medication were 4.6 ± 2.4, 3.7 ± 1.5, 3.4 ± 1.8, 3.6 v 2.8 and 5.5 ± 2.8 days per week, respectively. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was irregular and only 46.3% of the subjects tested their levels of blood glucose at least once in between the appointments (90 days). Low income was the major limitation for complying with the self-care practices related to diet, blood glucose testing and medication. It is recommended that, the Government of Tanzania should in the short run subsidize the prices of diabetes drugs, remove all taxes on the glucose test kits and establish a national diabetes program that would coordinate and oversee provision of the basic services such as screening, glucose testing, medication, counseling and management of the condition. In the long run, the government should establish a preventive public health program in order to curtail the escalation of diabetes. Further research should be conducted to determine how factors such as socio-cultural and demographic, self-care, and psychosocial distress interact to determine biomedical outcomes such as blood pressure, blood glucose and body mass index.	Anthropometric and biomedical measurements; Blood pressure; Emotion distress; Fasting blood glucose; Foot-care; Self-care practices; Type 2 diabetes mellitus	drug; body mass; diabetes; glucose; public health; adult; aged; article; blood glucose monitoring; blood pressure; body mass; cross-sectional study; diet; emotion; exercise; female; glucose blood level; human; male; mental stress; metabolism; middle aged; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; poverty; psychological aspect; self care; Tanzania; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Emotions; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poverty; Self Care; Stress, Psychological; Tanzania; Africa; Dar es Salaam [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908032494	Evaluation of the Effects of Reduced Personal and Corporate Tax Rates on the Growth Rates of the U.S. Economy	Zellner A., Ngoie J.K.	2015	Econometric Reviews	34	None	10.1080/07474938.2014.944468	Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Zellner, A., Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Ngoie, J.K., Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Using several variants of a Marshallian Macroeconomic Model (MMM), see Zellner and Israilevich (2005) and Ngoie and Zellner (2010), this paper investigates how various tax rate reductions may help stimulate the U.S. economy while not adversely affecting aggregate U.S. debt. Variants of our MMM that are shown to fit past data and to perform well in forecasting experiments are employed to evaluate the effects of alternative tax policies. Using quarterly data, our one-sector MMM has been able to predict the 2008 downturn and the 2009Q3 upturn of the U.S. economy. Among other results, this study, using transfer and impulse response functions associated with our MMM, finds that permanent 5 percentage points cut in the personal income and corporate profits tax rates will cause the U.S. real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate to rise by 3.0 percentage points with a standard error of 0.6 percentage points. Also, while this policy change leads to positive growth of the government sector, its share of total real GDP is slightly reduced. This is understandable since short run effects of tax cuts include the transfer of tax revenue from the government to the private sector. The private sector is allowed to manage a larger portion of its revenue, while government is forced to cut public spending on social programs with little growth enhancing effects. This broadens private economic activities overall. Further, these tax rate policy changes stimulate the growth of the federal tax base considerably, which helps to reduce annual budget deficits and the federal debt. © 2015, Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Disaggregation; Impulse response functions; Marshallian macroeconomic model; Transfer functions; U.S. fiscal policy analysis	None	NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897449492	Oil price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Nigeria [Shock de precios del petróleo y el desempeño macroeconómico de Nigeria]	Akinleye S.O., Ekpo S.	2013	Economia Mexicana, Nueva Epoca	22	4	None	Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Akinleye, S.O., Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ekpo, S., Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of symmetric and asymmetric oil price and oil revenue shocks in Nigeria, using the vector autoregressive (VAR) estimation technique. The paper finds that both positive and negative oil price shocks influence real government expenditure only in the long run rather than in the short run, while examining positive and negative shocks to external reserves revealed stronger implications for expenditure in the long run, with positive rather than negative oil price shocks having stronger short and long run effects on real gdp, and therefore triggering inflationary pressure and domestic currency depreciation as importation rises. This implies that the country exhibits the Dutch disease syndrome in the short and long run. However, results obtained show that oil revenue shocks are capable of impeding economic growth only in the long run while raising general price levels marginally in the short run after the initial shocks, with evidence of serious threat to interest rate and the domestic currency in the short and medium term, as the volume of imports increases significantly along with the external reserves. Findings on the asymmetric effects of oil revenue shocks revealed that positive shocks to oil revenue stimulate expansionary fiscal posture in the Nigerian economy in the short run in line with theory, thereby creating inflationary pressure and domestic currency depreciation. The combined implications of these discoveries suggest the need for proper coordination of fiscal and monetary policy for sustainable macroeconomic stability to be achieved.	Macroeconomic performance; Oil price shocks; Oil revenue; VAR	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929991535	Simulating the Impact of Exogenous Food Price Shock on Agriculture and the Poor in Nigeria: Results from a Computable General Equilibrium Model	Nkang N.M., Omonona B.T., Yusuf S.A., Oni O.A.	2013	Economic Analysis and Policy	43	1	10.1016/S0313-5926(13)50005-1	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Nkang, N.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Omonona, B.T., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yusuf, S.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oni, O.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Motivated by the recent global economic crisis, this paper simulated the impact of a rise in the price of imported food on agriculture and household poverty in Nigeria using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) class of decomposable poverty measures on the 2006 social accounting matrix (SAM) of Nigeria and the updated 2004 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) data. Results show that a rise in import price of food increased domestic output of food, but reduced the domestic supply of other agricultural commodities as well as food and other agricultural composites. Furthermore, a rise in the import price of food increased poverty nationally and among all household groups, with rural-north households being the least affected by the shock, while their rural-south counterparts were the most affected. A major policy implication drawn from this paper is that high import prices in import competing sectors like agriculture tend to favour the sector but exacerbate poverty in households. Thus, efforts geared at addressing the impact of this shock should strive to balance welfare and efficiency issues. © 2013 Economic Society of Australia (Queensland) Inc.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35448988108	The R&D performance of the South African manufacturing sector, 1970-1993	Fedderke J., Schirmer S.	2006	Economic Change and Restructuring	39	42371	10.1007/s10644-007-9023-3	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Fedderke, J., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Schirmer, S., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	In this article we undertake a detailed exploration of the research and development activities in one particular middle-income country. We explore what the data from R&D surveys can tell us about the levels, the determinants and the effectiveness of R&D in the manufacturing sector. We point to some of the broader factors that may have influenced South Africa's drive to improve the technological capacity of its manufacturing sector, but we mostly focus on those issues associated directly with R&D. We show that the degree of interaction between the different domains of R&D activity, business, government and the tertiary sector has been weak, and that the possibility of positive spill-overs between these domains has not been fully exploited. In addition, little or no policy intervention designed to stimulate R&D activity by industry has been deployed in South Africa. We find that South African R&D activity has mainly been reactive in character and suggest that this lies at the heart of South Africa's mixed R&D performance in relation to other developing countries. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2007.	Manufacturing; R&D; South Africa	developing world; industrial performance; manufacturing; performance assessment; research and development; spillover effect; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955474777	Export diversification and economic performance: Evidence from Brazil, China, India and South Africa	Naudé W., Rossouw R.	2011	Economic Change and Restructuring	44	42371	10.1007/s10644-010-9089-1	World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Helsinki, Finland; School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefst, South Africa and Eon Consulting, Midrand, South Africa	Naudé, W., World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Helsinki, Finland; Rossouw, R., School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefst, South Africa and Eon Consulting, Midrand, South Africa	In this paper we discuss relationship between export diversity and economic performance, focusing on Brazil, China, India and South Africa (BCIS). Using time data on exports over the period 1962-2000 and Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) models for each country, we note the similarities as well as differences in the patterns of diversification in these countries. We find evidence of a U-shape relationship between per capita income and export specialization in at least China and South Africa, and given that the results from Granger causality testing are inconclusive and not robust with regards to export diversification measures, some preliminary evidence from the results suggest that export diversification Granger causes GDP per capita in Brazil, China and South Africa, but not in India, where it is rather GDP per capita changes that are driving export diversification. From AGE modeling we find that South Africa differs from the other economies in that it is the only case where export diversification has an unambiguously positive impact on economic development while in contrast in Brazil, China and India, it is rather export specialization that is preferred. We show that the manner in which export diversification is obtained may be important: if it is obtained with less of a reduction in traditional exports, the impacts are better (less negative). © 2010 UNU-WIDER.	Applied general equilibrium modeling; Brazil; China; Diversification; Exports; India; South Africa; Specialization	computer simulation; economic development; economic impact; export; export led development; general equilibrium analysis; Granger causality test; Gross Domestic Product; income distribution; numerical model; specialization; time series; trade performance; Brazil; China; India; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746531217	The determinants of credit access and its impacts on micro and small enterprises: The case of garment producers in Kenya	Akoten J.E., Sawada Y., Otsuka K.	2006	Economic Development and Cultural Change	54	4	10.1086/503585	Ministry of Trade and Industry, Kenya; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Japan	Akoten, J.E., Ministry of Trade and Industry, Kenya; Sawada, Y., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Otsuka, K., Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Japan	To explore the factors affecting access to various credit sources for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and to identify the impacts of those factors on profitability and employment growth, data exclusively collected from a stratified random sample of micro and small garment producers in three garment clusters in Nairobi, Kenya were employed. It was found that MSEs in Kenya attempt to resolve the scarcity of credit by borrowing from diverse sources of credit, including such indigenous credit sources as rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). In all the clusters studied, ROSCAs are the most important credit source at the cluster with the highest density of active garment producers.	None	employment; garment industry; microenterprise; profitability; random walk method; small and medium-sized enterprise; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846349242	The distributive impact of land markets in Uganda	Baland J.-M., Gaspart F., Platteau J.-P., Place F.	2007	Economic Development and Cultural Change	55	2	10.1086/508717	University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium; International Center for Research in Agroforestry, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	Baland, J.-M., University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Gaspart, F., Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium; Platteau, J.-P., University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Place, F., International Center for Research in Agroforestry, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	In central Uganda, land-market transactions tend to mitigate initial inequality in land endowments. Farmers with smaller endowments of inherited land succeed in buying more land than the other farmers. Perhaps more important, native farmers who have not inherited are able to acquire more land on the local land-sale market than any other category of farmers are able to obtain. This fact is explained in three ways: (1) landless farmers who cannot buy land out-migrate from the areas; (2) traditional norms of social security give preference to landless farmers on the land market; or (3) inheritance practices tend to discriminate against the male heirs susceptible to purchase enough land to set up their own farms.	None	agricultural land; farm; land market; social security; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45249111772	The effects of spatial mobility on the performance of firms	Knoben J., Oerlemans L.A.G., Rutten R.P.J.H.	2008	Economic Geography	84	2	None	Department of Organisation Studies, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg, Netherlands; Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Knoben, J., Department of Organisation Studies, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg, Netherlands; Oerlemans, L.A.G., Department of Organisation Studies, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg, Netherlands, Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Rutten, R.P.J.H., Department of Organisation Studies, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, Tilburg, Netherlands	A considerable body of research has analyzed the impact of a firm's geographic position and levels of organizational and territorial embeddedness on its performance. Generally, these studies have assumed that firms are immobile. Research that has focused on the effects of the relocation of firms has treated firms mainly as atomistic actors that can move freely in geographic space and has tended to neglect the influence of changes in a firm's geographic position and level of organizational and territorial embeddedness. We integrated insights from both streams of literature to answer the research question, "What are the effects of relocation on a firm's performance, and what is the influence of a firm's geographic position and its level of organizational and territorial embeddedness on this relationship?" On the basis of our analysis of data from a survey of managers of Dutch automation services firms, we found that the degree of impact of a firm's relocation on its performance depends on the characteristics of the relocation. For example, a move to an urbanized region hampers performance, whereas a move to a research and development-intensive region fosters a higher level of performance. Furthermore, firms with high levels of organizational embeddedness suffer in the short term from relocation, but benefit in the long run. © 2008 Clark University.	Embeddedness; Innovativeness; Performance; Relocation	industrial performance; innovation; mobility; relocation; research and development; theoretical study; Benelux; Eurasia; Europe; Netherlands; Western Europe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861685357	Recent French relative export performance: Is there a competitiveness problem?	Kabundi A., Nadal De Simone F.	2012	Economic Modelling	29	4	10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.017	Department of Economics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Economic Research Southern Africa (ERASA), South Africa; Central Bank of Luxemburg, Luxembourg	Kabundi, A., Department of Economics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, Economic Research Southern Africa (ERASA), South Africa; Nadal De Simone, F., Central Bank of Luxemburg, Luxembourg	French economic activity is significantly affected by economic activity in the rest of the world. In recent years, the export performance of France relative to its own past and relative to a major trading partner, Germany, deteriorated. That deterioration seems related to the trend growth of exports (both by geographical destination and by product composition). Using a structural generalized dynamic factor model, this study shows that faced with an increase in unit labor costs or in its terms of trade, France adjusts relatively less via price and wage changes, and more via employment changes. French exports benefit relatively less than German exports from positive shocks either in a geographical or in the Standard International Trade Classification product classification. Given that the convergence of the French guaranteed minimum wage (SMIC) operated between 2003 and 2006 resulted in a significant increase in unit labor costs, the study supports the view that the foreign sector difficulties might be structural. The importance of trade flows as well as the policy constraints imposed by the euro area, highlights the relevance of structural reforms that increase markets flexibility. In addition, the analysis stresses the importance of policy measures that increase productivity, and the desirability of avoiding SMIC adjustments unrelated to productivity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Competitiveness; Dynamic factor models; Productivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941905493	The impact of the 2014 platinum mining strike in South Africa: An economy-wide analysis	Bohlmann H.R., Van Heerden J.H., Dixon P.B., Rimmer M.T.	2015	Economic Modelling	51	None	10.1016/j.econmod.2015.08.010	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia	Bohlmann, H.R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Dixon, P.B., Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia; Rimmer, M.T., Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia	In this paper we measure the economy-wide impact of the 2014 labour strike in South Africa's platinum industry. The strike lasted 5. months, ending in June 2014 when producers reached an agreement with the main labour unions. The immediate impacts on local mining towns were particularly severe, but our research shows that the strike could also have long lasting negative impacts on the South African economy as a whole. We find that it is not the higher nominal wages itself that caused the most damage, but the possible reaction by investors in the mining industry towards South Africa. Investor confidence is likely to be, at least, temporarily harmed, in which case it would take many years for the effects of the strike to disappear. We conduct our analysis using a dynamic CGE model of South Africa. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Computable general equilibrium; Platinum mining strike; UPGEM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873979266	Impact of fiscal policy in an intertemporal CGE model for South Africa	Mabugu R., Robichaud V., Maisonnave H., Chitiga M.	2013	Economic Modelling	31	1	10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.019	Financial and Fiscal Commission, Private Bag X69, Halfway House 1685, South Africa; CIRPEE, Université Laval and PEP network, Canada; Human Sciences Research Council, Economic Performance and Development Unit, South Africa	Mabugu, R., Financial and Fiscal Commission, Private Bag X69, Halfway House 1685, South Africa; Robichaud, V., CIRPEE, Université Laval and PEP network, Canada; Maisonnave, H., CIRPEE, Université Laval and PEP network, Canada; Chitiga, M., Human Sciences Research Council, Economic Performance and Development Unit, South Africa	This paper uses an intertemporal computable general equilibrium model to investigate the consequences of an expansive fiscal policy designed to accelerate economic growth in South Africa. A key contribution is made to existing literature on the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in African economies. To the best of our knowledge, no published study has empirically analyzed the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in the context of an open, middle-income sub-Saharan African economy like South Africa using an integrated intertemporal model with such disaggregated production structure. The paper shows that an expansive fiscal policy would have a temporary impact on gross domestic product (GDP) but would translate into higher debt relative to GDP. Using increased taxation to finance the additional spending would lessen this impact but would also negatively affect macroeconomic variables. Increased investment spending would improve long-term GDP, under any financing scheme, and would decrease debt-to-GDP ratio as well as deficit-to-GDP ratio. This outcome is driven by the positive impact infrastructure has on total factor productivity. Sensitivity analysis shows that these conclusions are qualitatively similar for wide values of the elasticity of the total factor productivity to infrastructure. In fact, the conclusions hold even when comparing different financing schemes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Infrastructure; Intertemporal CGE model; New growth path; South Africa; Total factor productivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747363810	Growth impact and determinants of foreign direct investment into South Africa, 1956-2003	Fedderke J.W., Romm A.T.	2006	Economic Modelling	23	5	10.1016/j.econmod.2005.10.005	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Fedderke, J.W., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Romm, A.T., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	The paper is concerned with the growth impact and the determinants of foreign direct investment in South Africa. Estimation is in terms of a standard spillover model of investment, and in terms of a new model of locational choice in FDI between domestic and foreign alternatives. We find complementarity of foreign and domestic capital in the long run, implying a positive technological spillover from foreign to domestic capital. While there is a crowd-out of domestic investment from foreign direct investment, this impact is restricted to the short run. Further we find that foreign direct investment in South Africa has tended to be capital intensive, suggesting that foreign direct investment has been horizontal rather than vertical. Determinants of foreign direct investment in South Africa lie in the net rate of return, as well as the risk profile of the foreign direct investment liabilities. Policy handles are both direct and powerful. Reducing political risk, ensuring property rights, most importantly bolstering growth in the market size, as well as wage moderation, lowering corporate tax rates, and ensuring full integration of the South African economy into the world economy all follow as policy prescriptions from our empirical findings. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Foreign direct investment; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873440926	Impact of financial development on manufacturing output: The Nigerian evidence	Ekor M., Adeniyi O.	2012	Economics Bulletin	32	3	None	Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa	Ekor, M., Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa; Adeniyi, O., Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa	This study examined the influence of financial deepening on manufacturing output in Nigeria, Using the vector autoregression (VAR) based Johansen cointegration technique and an eventual least squares (OLS) estimator on annual data spanning 1970 to 2010. we find insignificant coefficients for credit to the manufacturing sector, banking efficiency and the non-oil trade balance. This suggests a fundamental disconnect between the real and financial sectors of the Nigerian economy. Policymakers should therefore innovate with productivity enhancing reforms which are better tailored to the needs of the manufacturing sector. This should work to boost growth prospects for the aggregate economy.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924964442	Impact of remittances on economic growth in Nigeria: Further evidence	Oshota S.O., Badejo A.A.	2015	Economics Bulletin	35	1	None	Southwestern University Nigeria, Okun-Owa, Ogun State, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oshota, S.O., Southwestern University Nigeria, Okun-Owa, Ogun State, Nigeria; Badejo, A.A., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This paper investigated the relationship between remittances and economic growth in Nigeria, using an error correction modeling approach for the period 1981 to 2011. Our result revealed that remittances positively impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. We have found that a 1 percent increase in remittances would lead to a 0.19 percent increase in the RGDP in the long run. However, remittances show a significant negative relationship with output in the short run. Also, while foreign aid as an external source of capital can have both short and long term significant influence on economic growth in Nigeria, its counterpart FDI can only exert positive impact on RGDP in the short run. Our result also affirmed the significant positive role of trade in promoting economic growth, suggesting that the more open the economy, the more stimuli it has on RGDP both in short run and long run.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649773344	Estimating expenditure impacts without expenditure data using asset proxies	Wittenberg M.	2011	Economics Letters	110	2	10.1016/j.econlet.2010.11.009	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Wittenberg, M., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	When asset indices are used in regressions the coefficients obtained are typically difficult to interpret. We show how lower bounds on expenditure effects can be extracted, if the relationship between the assets and expenditure can be calibrated on an auxiliary data set. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Asset index; Attenuation; Obesity; Proxy variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81555205837	Relative Impacts of Elephant and Fire on Large Trees in a Savanna Ecosystem	Shannon G., Thaker M., Vanak A.T., Page B.R., Grant R., Slotow R.	2011	Ecosystems	14	8	10.1007/s10021-011-9485-z	Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa	Shannon, G., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Thaker, M., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Vanak, A.T., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Page, B.R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Grant, R., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Slotow, R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Elephant and fire are considered to be among the most important agents that can modify the African savanna ecosystem. Although the synergistic relationship between these two key ecological drivers is well documented, it has proved much more difficult to establish the relative effects they have on savanna vegetation structure at a fine-scale over time. In this study, we explore the comparative impacts of fire and elephant on 2,522 individually identified large trees (≥5 m in height) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Data were collected from 21 transects first surveyed in April 2006 and resurveyed in November 2008, to determine the relative importance of past damage by these agents on subsequent impacts and mortality. The occurrence of fire or elephant damage in 2006 affected the amount of tree volume subsequently removed by both these agents; elephant removed more tree volume from previously burned trees and the impact of subsequent fire was higher on previously burned or elephant-utilized trees than on undamaged trees. Mortality was also affected by an interaction between previous and recent damage, as the probability of mortality was highest for trees that suffered from fire or elephant utilization after being pushed over. Subsequent fire damage, but not elephant utilization, on debarked trees also increased the probability of mortality. Mortality was twice (4. 6% per annum) that of trees progressing into the ≥5 m height class, suggesting an overall decline in large tree density during the 30-month study period. The responses of large trees were species and landscape-specific in terms of sensitivity to elephant and fire impacts, as well as for levels of mortality and progression into the ≥5 m height class. These results emphasize the need for fine-scale site-specific knowledge for effective landscape level understanding of savanna dynamics. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	ecological drivers; elephant; fire; herbivory; savanna management; tree survival; vegetation dynamics; woody species	biological invasion; elephant; forest fire; habitat management; herbivory; mortality; population decline; probability; savanna; sensitivity analysis; spatiotemporal analysis; survival; synergism; transect; volume; woody plant; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149102054	Ecological engineering by a mega-grazer: White Rhino impacts on a south African savanna	Waldram M.S., Bond W.J., Stock W.D.	2008	Ecosystems	11	1	10.1007/s10021-007-9109-9	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Waldram, M.S., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Bond, W.J., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Stock, W.D., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa, Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Herbivory can change the structure and spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. We ask whether all species of grazers in a savanna ecosystem can have this effect or whether megaherbivores (>1000 kg) have a 'special' role that cannot be replicated by other species of grazers. We performed a replicated landscape scale experiment that examined the effects of White Rhino on the grass sward, on other species of grazing mammals and on the movement of fire through the landscape. White Rhino maintained short grass ('lawn') patches in mesic areas (∼750 mm pa) with increases in grass sward height when they were removed. Other species of grazers were unable to maintain short grass communities when White Rhino were removed. In semi-arid areas (∼600 mm pa) other, smaller grazers were able to maintain short grass communities in the absence of White Rhino and sward height did not increase. White Rhino removals affected fire by increasing fuel loads and fuel continuity. This resulted in larger, less patchy fires. We propose that the White Rhino acts as an influential ecosystem engineer, creating and maintaining short grass swards, which alter habitat for other grazers and change the fire regime. These results indicate the existence of context-dependent facilitation between White Rhino and other grazers in mesic, but not in semi-arid, savannas. Such top down effects on the ecosystem may have been much more widespread before the extinction of large grazers in the Pleistocene. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Ecosystem engineers; Facilitation; Fire; Grazing; Keystone species; Megaherbivores; Pleistocene extinctions; Savanna; White Rhino	ecosystem engineering; experimental study; extinction; grass; grazing; herbivory; keystone species; Pleistocene; savanna; ungulate; wildfire; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923195923	Jellyfish outbreak impacts on recreation in the Mediterranean Sea: Welfare estimates from a socioeconomic pilot survey in Israel	Ghermandi A., Galil B., Gowdy J., Nunes P.A.L.D.	2015	Ecosystem Services	11	None	10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.004	University of Haifa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel; National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and oLimnological Research, POB 8030, Haifa, Israel; Economics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, United States; Ecosystem Services Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi, Kenya	Ghermandi, A., University of Haifa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel; Galil, B., National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and oLimnological Research, POB 8030, Haifa, Israel; Gowdy, J., Economics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, United States; Nunes, P.A.L.D., Ecosystem Services Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi, Kenya	Jellyfish outbreaks in the Mediterranean Sea are part of an anthropogenic alteration of the marine ecosystem and have been documented as health hazards and threats to tourism. Their impacts on human welfare have, however, been poorly quantified. A socioeconomic survey, carried out in summer 2013, captures the impacts of an outbreak of Rhopilema nomadica on seaside recreation in Israel. Welfare losses are estimated based on per-visit value and expected change in visits patterns. We estimate that an outbreak reduces the number of seaside visits by 3-10.5%, with an annual monetary loss of €1.8-6.2 million. An additional 41% of the respondents state that their recreational activities on the beach are affected by the outbreak. Through a contingent valuation, we find that 56% of the respondents state a willingness to contribute to a national environmental protection program with an estimated annual benefit of €14.8 million. These figures signal an opportunity to invest in public information systems. A pilot study for adaptation was conducted in Barcelona, whose results confirm the importance of the welfare benefits of real-time public information systems. This study provides a benchmark against which the economic impacts of jellyfish outbreaks on coastal recreation and potential adaptation policies can be evaluated. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Coastal recreation; Contingent behavior; Mediterranean ecosystems; Rhopilema nomadic; Welfare economics; Willingness to pay	Rhopilema; Rhopilema nomadica; Scyphozoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644867731	Evaluation of the gill filament-based EROD assay in African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a monitoring tool for waterborne PAH-type contaminants	Mdegela R., Myburgh J., Correia D., Braathen M., Ejobi F., Botha C., Sandvik M., Skaare J.U.	2006	Ecotoxicology	15	1	10.1007/s10646-005-0041-5	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Veterinary Faculty, University of Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway	Mdegela, R., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Myburgh, J., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Correia, D., Veterinary Faculty, University of Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Braathen, M., Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway; Ejobi, F., Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Botha, C., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Sandvik, M., Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway; Skaare, J.U., Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway	The ability of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in inducing cytochrome P-450 class 1A (CYP1A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) biomarkers was determined in liver and gill filaments after 4 days of waterborne exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) fish were exposed to B[a]P added to the water (30 μg/l) corresponding to 5 mg/kg total body weight. Five female and six male fish, exposed to acetone alone added to the water served as controls. The 7-ethoxyresurufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured in hepatic microsomes and gill filaments. In addition, GST activity was determined in the hepatic cytosolic fraction and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and biliverdin. Benzo[a]pyrene strongly induced EROD activities in gill filaments of both sex. Levels of FACs per ml of bile were 17-fold higher in exposed fish compared to the controls. Correlations between induction of EROD activities in gill filaments and liver and between induction of EROD activities in gill filaments and levels of biliary FACs metabolites were strong. GST activities in the hepatic cytosolic fraction were similar amongst the treated and control groups. This is the first report on studies determining EROD activities in gill filaments and hepatic tissue, FACs in bile and GST in hepatic tissues of C. gariepinus after waterborne exposure to B[a]P. The findings suggest that the gill filament-based EROD assay in C. gariepinus can be used to monitor the pollution of AhR agonists in aquatic ecosystems in eastern and southern African countries. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	African catfish; Benzo[a]pyrene; Biomarkers; Clarias gariepinus; Gill and liver EROD assay	acetone; benzo[a]pyrene; biliverdin; biological marker; cytochrome P450 1A; ethoxyresorufin; ethoxyresorufin deethylase; glutathione transferase; liver enzyme; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; resorufin; aquatic ecosystem; biomarker; biomonitoring; fish; PAH; Africa; animal experiment; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; bile; catfish; controlled study; cytosol; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme induction; evaluation; female; fluorescence; gill; liver; liver microsome; male; metabolite; nonhuman; priority journal; water pollution; Animals; Bile; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Catfishes; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Gills; Glutathione Transferase; Liver; Male; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922563	The use of feathers in monitoring bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids in the South African endangered African grass-owl (Tyto capensis)	Ansara-Ross T.M., Ross M.J., Wepener V.	2013	Ecotoxicology	22	6	10.1007/s10646-013-1095-4	Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Research Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Ansara-Ross, T.M., Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Ross, M.J., Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Research Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Few studies have quantified metals in South African species and no published data on residues specifically in South African owl feathers exist. Tyto capensis is listed as vulnerable within South Africa, making it preferable to use a non-invasive technique to determine metal bioaccumulation for this species. Comparisons are made with the cosmopolitan T. alba to determine whether this species could be used as a surrogate. Concentrations of various metals were thus determined in feathers of the two species and compared with liver and muscle samples. Samples were taken from 119 owls collected as road kill along a national road. A comparison of concentrations in feathers revealed similarly higher concentrations of aluminium, antimony, lead, nickel, and strontium, whereas concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, titanium and zinc were similarly higher in internal tissues for both species. Metal concentrations of owls were comparable to those reported in literature and below toxic levels, suggesting that these metals were not likely to impact the owls. Further regressions between feathers and corresponding livers were examined to determine if feathers were indicative of internal metal burdens. Significant positive relationships were found for aluminium, copper, lead, nickel and vanadium in T. alba and nickel, manganese and vanadium in T. capensis. Preliminary results support the feasibility of using feathers as non-destructive indicators of environmental contamination in T. capensis although caution needs to be taken when interpreting the results. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Feathers; Metals; Owls; South Africa; Tyto capensis	aluminum; antimony; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; copper; iron; lead; manganese; metal; metalloid; nickel; selenium; strontium; titanium; vanadium; zinc; bioaccumulation; bioindicator; biomonitoring; bird; endangered species; feather; physiological response; sampling; toxicity; trace metal; animal tissue; article; bioaccumulation; endangered species; environmental monitoring; feasibility study; feather; female; geographic distribution; liver; male; muscle; nonhuman; owl; pollution; priority journal; quantitative analysis; sex difference; South Africa; species comparison; toxicity testing; Tyto alba; Tyto capensis; Animals; Chromium; Copper; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Feathers; Female; Iron; Lead; Male; Manganese; Metalloids; Nickel; Selenium; Strigiformes; Titanium; Vanadium; Zinc; South Africa; Strigiformes; Tyto capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949133494	Heavy metals in mosquito larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, Kenya, and their impact	Mireji P.O., Keating J., Hassanali A., Mbogo C.M., Nyambaka H., Kahindi S., Beier J.C.	2008	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	70	1	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.012	Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33177, United States	Mireji, P.O., Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Keating, J., Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Hassanali, A., International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbogo, C.M., Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Nyambaka, H., Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Kahindi, S., Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Beier, J.C., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33177, United States	Concentrations and distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc in mosquito larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, Kenya and their effect on the presence of Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles funestus larvae were investigated. Manganese and iron were the most prevalent heavy metals in water of larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, respectively. Iron was the most prevalent heavy metal in bottom sediments in larval habitats in both cities. The highest concentrations of all heavy metals, except cadmium and iron, were recorded in the poorly planned-well drained stratum in the two cities. All heavy metals were more concentrated in human-made than in natural larval habitats. Copper was positively associated with the presence of Ae. aegypti, and lead was associated with the presence of An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in urban Kisumu. Absence of significant correlation between the other metals and mosquito species in both cities, despite relatively high concentrations, suggest that the local larval populations, including key malaria vectors have adapted to the detected levels of these metals. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Heavy metals; Human-made habitats; Larval habitats; Mosquitoes; Natural habitats; Strata; Tolerance	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; zinc; adaptation; concentration (composition); habitat quality; heavy metal; larva; mosquito; pollution effect; pollution tolerance; spatial distribution; urban area; adaptation; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; concentration (parameters); Culex quinquefasciatus; disease carrier; habitat; Kenya; larva; malaria; mosquito; nonhuman; sediment; species composition; urban area; water pollution; Animals; Cities; Culicidae; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Kenya; Larva; Metals, Heavy; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Africa; Coast Province; East Africa; Kenya; Kilifi; Kisumu; Malindi; Nyanza; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892590427	The impacts of neutralized acid mine drainage contaminated water on the expression of selected endocrine-linked genes in juvenile Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus exposed in vivo	Truter J.C., Wyk J.H.V., Oberholster P.J., Botha A.-M.	2014	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	100	1	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.005	Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Truter, J.C., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Wyk, J.H.V., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Oberholster, P.J., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Botha, A.-M., Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global environmental concern due to detrimental impacts on river ecosystems. Little is however known regarding the biological impacts of neutralized AMD on aquatic vertebrates despite excessive discharge into watercourses. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the endocrine modulatory potential of neutralized AMD, using molecular biomarkers in the teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus in exposure studies. Surface water was collected from six locations downstream of a high density sludge (HDS) AMD treatment plant and a reference site unimpacted by AMD. The concentrations of 28 elements, including 22 metals, were quantified in the exposure water in order to identify potential links to altered gene expression. Relatively high concentrations of manganese (~ 10. mg/l), nickel (~ 0.1. mg/l) and cobalt (~ 0.03. mg/l) were detected downstream of the HDS plant. The expression of thyroid receptor-α (trα), trβ, androgen receptor-1 (ar1), ar2, glucocorticoid receptor-1 (gr1), gr2, mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) and aromatase (cyp19a1b) was quantified in juvenile fish after 48. h exposure. Slight but significant changes were observed in the expression of gr1 and mr in fish exposed to water collected directly downstream of the HDS plant, consisting of approximately 95 percent neutralized AMD. The most pronounced alterations in gene expression (i.e. trα, trβ, gr1, gr2, ar1 and mr) was associated with water collected further downstream at a location with no other apparent contamination vectors apart from the neutralized AMD. The altered gene expression associated with the "downstream" locality coincided with higher concentrations of certain metals relative to the locality adjacent to the HDS plant which may indicate a causative link. The current study provides evidence of endocrine disruptive activity associated with neutralized AMD contamination in regard to alterations in the expression of key genes linked to the thyroid, interrenal and gonadal endocrine axes of a teleost fish species. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Endocrine disruption; Fish; Gene expression; Metal ions; Treated acid mine drainage	aromatase; biological marker; cobalt; endocrine disruptor; manganese; mineralocorticoid receptor; nickel; surface water; thyroid hormone receptor alpha; acid mine drainage; biomarker; cobalt; concentration (composition); endocrine disruptor; gene expression; juvenile; molecular analysis; perciform; river pollution; sludge; acid mine drainage; androgen receptor 1 gene; androgen receptor 2 gene; aromatase gene; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; endocrine disease; environmental exposure; environmental impact; gene; gene expression; genetic association; glucocorticoid receptor 1 gene; glucocorticoid receptor 2 gene; in vivo study; juvenile animal; mineralocorticoid receptor gene; molecular biology; Mozambique; nonhuman; Oreochromis mossambicus; sludge; thyroid receptor alpha gene; waste water treatment plant; water contamination; Oreochromis mossambicus; Teleostei; Vertebrata; Endocrine disruption; Fish; Gene expression; Metal ions; Treated acid mine drainage; Acids; Animals; Endocrine System; Fish Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Mining; Rivers; Tilapia; Water Pollutants, Chemical	CSIR, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751394202	The impact of organophosphate pesticides in orchards on earthworms in the Western Cape, South Africa	Reinecke S.A., Reinecke A.J.	2007	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	66	2	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.10.006	Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Reinecke, S.A., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Reinecke, A.J., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Earthworm population density was measured in and adjacent to an orchard in an agricultural area in the Western Cape, South Africa. Worm densities were very low in orchards (22/m2) compared to adjacent uncultivated fields (152/m2) at a distance from the orchards. The possible effect of organophosphate pesticides on the earthworms was investigated. Background soil concentrations of chlorpyrifos prior to the start of the spraying season were low (0.2-2.7 μg/kg) but persistent for up to 6 months after the last spraying event, and the pesticide was, as a result of rainfall, transported to nontarget areas by runoff. Background concentrations of azinphos methyl were higher than those of chlorpyrifos (1.6-9.8 μg/kg) but not detectable 2 weeks after a spraying event. Azinphos methyl was mostly transported by wind (spray drift) to adjacent areas. A microcosm study indicated effects of chlorpyrifos on earthworms as determined by measuring biomass change and Cholinesterase inhibition. It is concluded that earthworms were affected detrimentally by the pesticides due to chronic (chlorpyrifos) and intermittent (azinphos methyl) exposure. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Azinphos methyl; Biomarker; Biomass; ChE; Chlorpyrifos; Earthworms; Microcosms; Organophosphates; Runoff; Spray drift	azinphos methyl; chlorpyrifos; cholinesterase; organophosphate pesticide; chlorpyrifos; earthworm; orchard; organophosphate; pesticide; population decline; article; biomass; concentration (parameters); controlled study; earthworm; environmental exposure; enzyme inhibition; microcosm; nonhuman; population density; season; soil; South Africa; Agriculture; Animals; Azinphosmethyl; Biomass; Chlorpyrifos; Cholinesterases; Environmental Monitoring; Insecticides; Oligochaeta; Population Density; Soil Pollutants; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907466305	Evaluation of ecological risk of metal contamination in river Gomti, India: A biomonitoring approach	Gupta S.K., Chabukdhara M., Kumar P., Singh J., Bux F.	2014	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	110	None	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.008	Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam, Meghalaya, India; Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University Faizabad, India	Gupta, S.K., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Chabukdhara, M., North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam, Meghalaya, India; Kumar, P., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Singh, J., Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University Faizabad, India; Bux, F., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of heavy metal pollution in river Gomti and associated ecological risk. River water, sediments and locally abundant mollusk (Viviparus (V.) bengalensis) were sampled from six different sites and analyzed for seven metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). Mean metal concentrations (mg/l) in river water were 0.024 for Cd, 0.063 for Cr, 0.022 for Cr, 0.029 for Mn, 0.044 for Ni, 0.018 for Pb and 0.067 for Zn. In river sediments, the concentrations (mg/kg dry wt) were 5.0 for Cd, 16.2 for Cr, 23.2 for Cr, 203.2 for Mn, 23.9 for Ni, 46.2 for Pb and 76.3 for Zn, while in V. bengalensis mean metal concentrations (mg/kg, dry wt) were 0.57 for Cd, 12.0 for Cr, 30.7 for Cu, 29.9 for Mn, 8.8 for Ni, 3.6 for Pb and 48.3 for Zn. Results indicated elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn and Mn in V. bengalensis as compared to other non-essential elements. Potential ecological risk (RI) in sediments showed high to very high metal contamination. Cluster analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni in sediments may have anthropogenic sources. The findings thus suggest heavy metal contamination of river water and sediments have reached alarming levels, which is well corroborated by elevated level of metal accumulation in V. bengalensis. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Biomonitoring; Ecological risk; Gomti; Heavy metal; Viviparus bengalensis	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; lead; manganese; nickel; river water; zinc; heavy metal; water pollutant; bioaccumulation; biomonitoring; ecological impact; environmental risk; heavy metal; mollusc; pollution effect; river pollution; sediment pollution; animal tissue; Article; bioaccumulation; chemical analysis; chemical composition; cluster analysis; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dry weight; geographic distribution; India; indicator organism; metal metabolism; metal recovery; mollusc; nonhuman; pollution monitoring; risk assessment; river ecosystem; sediment; water contamination; water pollution indicator; analysis; animal; chemistry; ecology; environmental aspects and related phenomena; environmental monitoring; gastropod; river; water pollutant; Gomti River; India; Uttar Pradesh; Viviparus; Animals; Ecological and Environmental Processes; Ecology; Environmental Monitoring; Gastropoda; Geologic Sediments; India; Metals, Heavy; Risk Assessment; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054759793	Mangrove litter biomass input in a forest impacted by human physical disturbance, Gazi Bay, Kenya	Kihia C.M., Mathooko J.M., Ruwa R.K., Shivoga A.W.	2010	Ecotropica	16	2	None	Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya	Kihia, C.M., Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Mathooko, J.M., Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ruwa, R.K., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; Shivoga, A.W., Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	This study investigated the impact of human physical disturbance on litter yield in a mangrove forest by comparing amount and composition of litterfall between disturbed and relatively undisturbed sites in Gazi mangrove forest. Litter was trapped using littertraps suspended from trees at the upper and lower intertidal zones of the four sites. Litterfall material was collected fortnightly from October 2001 to June 2003, and dry weight of components determined and compared using ANOVA. Physical disturbance reported from the forest include tree cutting, digging for bait, and trampling by man and vehicles which were more prevalent at the disturbed sites than comparable undisturbed sites. Annual litter production in the Gazi forest was 4.3 t ha-1 yr-1 and was dominated by leaves of Rhizophora mucronata, which constituted 39% of litter components. Disturbed sites recorded significantly lower litterfall than corresponding undisturbed sites (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.01), an increase (10%) in litter yield of Avicennia marina leaves, and 20% and 30% declines respectively in R. mucronata leaf and flower productivity. The decline in litter biomass and its changing composition were attributed to changes in predominant mangrove species as a result of size, site, and species selection by harvesters and the competitive ability of regenerating and uncut trees. © Society for Tropical Ecology.	Composition; Harvesting; Litterfall; Selectivity; Species change	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878248759	Poke me, I'm a journalist: The impact of Facebook and Twitter on newsroom routines and cultures at two South African weeklies	Jordaan M.	2013	Ecquid Novi	34	1	10.1080/02560054.2013.767421	University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Jordaan, M., University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Despite initial misgivings about the credibility of the information disseminated on social media, mainstream journalists have gradually started to adopt these media as professional tools. This study explores whether the professional use of Facebook and Twitter influences the processes and cultures of news selection and presentation in newspaper newsrooms. According to most of the journalists from Rapport and the Mail & Guardian, the professional use of social media has not significantly altered their processes of news selection and presentation. The researcher, however, came to the conclusion that the journalists are not as immune to social media as they might think. © 2013 iMasa.	Facebook; Newspaper journalism; Newsroom culture; Newsroom routines; Newsroom study; Social constructionism; Social media; Twitter	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868233894	Staging performance: Race, authenticity and the right to speak in the media debates in the Mbeki era	Finlay A.	2011	Ecquid Novi	32	3	10.1080/02560054.2011.621296	Wits University Journalism Programme, South Africa	Finlay, A., Wits University Journalism Programme, South Africa	Recent research into public intellectual discourse in the Mbeki era dealt with two media episodes - the debate about the formation of the so-called 'Native Club', and reaction to a fall-out between writer Nadine Gordimer and her biographer - as well as the columns of public intellectual Sipho Seepe in the Mail & Guardian newspaper. This article critically examines the findings of this research, reading across the studies in order to highlight what it suggests about public intellectual discourse as it emerges in the media. It suggests that during the period of the Thabo Mbeki presidency (a context in which the government's relationship with a wide range of stakeholders, including the media, was particularly tense) issues of race, authenticity and the right to speak had a high level of newsworthiness. These issues were foregrounded in exchanges debating the authenticity of black intellectuals (Native Club), in Seepe's columns on black intellectuals, and in the frequently ad hominem exchanges between biographer Ronald Suresh Roberts and supporters of Gordimer. It suggests that this foregrounding at times overshadowed other substantive questions that were raised, and that could have been debated further as issues for public intellectual deliberation. Instead, these were displaced by a racially charged 'performance' of identity, described by one researcher as a 'vanity' of subject. The article further argues that the foregrounding of race, authenticity and the right to speak reflects the ongoing contestation between the Mbeki presidency and the media over the media's independence and its role as a constructive participant of the post-apartheid democracy. © 2011 iMasa.	Authenticity; Debate; Intellectual; Media; Native Club; Race; Ronald Suresh Roberts; Sipho Seepe; Thabo Mbeki	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929897517	Influence of mixed electrolyte on the performance of Iron-ion/Hydrogen redox flow battery	Watson V., Nguyen D., Effiong E.E., Kalu E.E.	2015	ECS Electrochemistry Letters	4	7	10.1149/2.0091507eel	Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A and M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Universi	Watson, V., Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A and M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Nguyen, D., Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Effiong, E.E., Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Kalu, E.E., Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A and M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States	Improved charge/discharge performance of Iron-ion/Hydrogen redox flow battery (RFB) electrolyte with a mixed FeSO<inf>4</inf> and FeCl<inf>2</inf> is reported. Addition of Cl- ions into a sulfate electrolyte changes the charge/discharge behavior of the sulfate electrolyte leading to a reduction in charging potential for a mixed FeSO<inf>4</inf> and FeCl<inf>2</inf> electrolyte system. This suggests that a sulfate/chloride electrolyte system can lead to improved charge/discharge of the Fe-ion/H<inf>2</inf> RFB. Reverse addition of FeSO<inf>4</inf> to FeCl<inf>2</inf> showed a decrease in the mixed electron transfer efficiency (experimental current relative to theoretical) equivalent to a decrease in electrolyte performance. We deduce that 0.8 M FeCl<inf>2</inf> corrosive electrolyte can be replaced by less corrosive mixture of 46 mol % Cl- in 0.8 M FeSO4 to achieve the same performance that can be obtained using an all chloride system. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS.	None	Chlorine compounds; Electric batteries; Electrolytes; Ions; Metal ions; Secondary batteries; Sulfur compounds; Charge/discharge performance; Corrosive electrolytes; Electrolyte systems; Electron-transfer efficiency; Mixed electrolyte; Redox flow batteries; Reverse addition; Sulfate electrolytes; Flow batteries	None
WoS	WOS:000207829600007	Budget Monitoring and Control in South African Township Schools Democratic Governance at Risk	Mestry, Raj,Naidoo, Gans	2009	EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION &amp; LEADERSHIP	37	1	10.1177/1741143208098166	University of Johannesburg	"Mestry, Raj: University of Johannesburg"	This article investigates budget monitoring and control in township schools in South Africa. The enactment of the Schools Act 1996 revolutionized school financial management in South Africa, making it part of the drive for democratic school governance. School governing bodies had to be established, whose responsibility it became to manage finances at school. Schools were allowed to raise funds over and above the departmental allocations, which to township schools were increased in order to redress past imbalances. However, most of these school governors lacked the necessary financial knowledge, skills and competencies required to effectively manage large sums of cash, and as a result many schools experienced financial difficulty. This study investigated the way in which a group of township schools in South Africa monitor and control their budgets. The findings revealed that the level of education plays a significant role in the way in which budget monitoring and control is perceived. It was concluded that, if applied conscientiously, the schools can remain liquid in terms of cash flow and operate within the confines of the approved budget.	"BUDGET PROCESS",CONTROL,"democratic governance",MONITORING,"school funds"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149369683	Using school performance data to drive school and education district office accountability and improvement: The case of Ghana	Prew M., Quaigrain K.	2010	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	38	6	10.1177/1741143210379057	Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	Prew, M., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa; Quaigrain, K., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	This article looks at a school management tool that allows school managers and education district offices to review the performance of their schools and use the broad-based data to undertake orchestrated planning with districts planning delivery based on the needs of schools and in support of school improvement plans. The review process also allows communities to engage with their schools and hold them accountable for their performance and to steer schools to meet community expectations. A district in northern Ghana is presented as a case study. The article concludes that this generation of school-level data and its use to inform improved planning and delivery also allows districts and schools to monitor how well they are doing in promoting access for all children to school and monitoring the quality of schooling they receive. This is critical information needed to understand the dynamics of school enrolment and drop-out and to make schools more accountable. So school performance review, as practised in Ghana, allows schools to improve while becoming more accountable to their communities. © The Author(s) 2010.	accountability; inspection; quality education; school and district leadership; school improvement; school performance review; universal primary education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52949099533	Instructional leadership for quality learning: An assessment of the impact of the primary school management development project in Botswana	Pansiri O.N.	2008	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	36	4	10.1177/1741143208095789	Department of Primary Education, University of Botswana, 4775 Notwane Road, Gaborone, Botswana	Pansiri, O.N., Department of Primary Education, University of Botswana, 4775 Notwane Road, Gaborone, Botswana	A descriptive study using questionnaires was conducted in 2004 to assess the effectiveness of instructional leadership displayed by primary school management teams following the implementation of the Primary School Management Project in Botswana. Leadership skills, Coordination of instructional activities, management of curriculum and quality of learners were key variables that guided the study. Respondents were 240 primary school teachers including school heads and 575 learners. Data were analyzed descriptively through the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program using frequencies and percentages. The results reveal school management teams' lack of interpersonal skills necessary for classroom supervision, inability to mobilize parents to participate in school instructional improvement activities, teachers' unauthorized use of corporal punishment and lack of creativeness and innovativeness for management of curriculum change. Regarding quality of learning, the study identifies learners' inability and lack of freedom for self-expression and inadequate acquisition of basic literacy skill at varying degrees between rural and urban schools. © 2008 BELMAS.	Instructional leadership; Instructional supervision; Pedagogical leadership; School improvement; Transformational leadership	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910079893	Principals’ perceptions about performance agreements as motivational action: Evidence from South Africa	Heystek J.	2014	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	42	6	10.1177/1741143214549425	Northwest University, South Africa	Heystek, J., Northwest University, South Africa	Principals, as one of the professional leaders in a school, are accountable for the quality of education in the school. This is a part of the normal job description and expectations for the person in such a post. In the South African context with a large number of underperforming schools, there is an intention to have an additional performance agreement as a part of performance management, to be signed by principals to hold them accountable for the expected examination results. This article investigated the understanding of principals of the possible motivational implications if the performance agreement is implemented. It also focuses on the issue of what may motivate principals to improve their performance towards sustainable quality education. Motivational theories are used as the lens to understand the principals’ perceptions of this performance agreement process. The focus group interviews indicated that most principals are not in favour of the intended implementation and that it may rather have a negative influence on their motivation levels. © The Author(s) 2014.	accountability; leadership; motivation; Performance management; professional	None	R 40 000, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-60149098281	Globalization and its impact on education with specific reference to education in South Africa	Moloi K.C., Gravett S.J., Petersen N.F.	2009	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	37	2	10.1177/1741143208100302	University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Education, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Higher and Adult Education, University of Johannesburg (UJ), Johannesburg, South Africa	Moloi, K.C., University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Education, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Gravett, S.J., Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Petersen, N.F., Department of Higher and Adult Education, University of Johannesburg (UJ), Johannesburg, South Africa	As globalization of the world economy continues unabated, a parallel growth of globalization of knowledge is also taking place. This latter trend is little affected by the boundaries between developed and less developed countries and is having a particular impact on trends in education. This article looks at the impact of globalization within the context of education in South Africa. It focuses on different perspectives of globalization and identifies key factors that may have an impact on education in South Africa. Finally, it argues that in order to respond to the dangers of marginalization posed by globalization it will be crucial to form, and be part of, new alliances and networks. These will both provide opportunities for sharing knowledge and skills and also build economic strength. © 2009 SAGE Publications.	Global economy; Globalization; Knowledge management; Poverty; Wealth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855973874	Reading between the lines: contributing factors that affect Grade 5 student reading performance as measured across South Africa's 11 languages	van Staden S., Howie S.	2012	Educational Research and Evaluation	18	1	10.1080/13803611.2011.641270	Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	van Staden, S., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Howie, S., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This article reports on the South African results of a study to identify and explain relationships between some major factors associated with successful reading at Grade 5. With 11 official languages, educational policy in South Africa advocates an additive bilingualism model, and students in Grades 1 to 3 are taught in their mother tongue. Thereafter, the language of learning and teaching changes to a second language, which in most cases is English. With this complexity of issues, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to determine the effect of a number of explanatory variables at student and school level on reading achievement as outcome variable, while controlling for language using the South African Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 data. Utilizing Creemers' comprehensive model of educational effectiveness (Creemers & Reezigt, 1999) as theoretical point of departure, this article will focus on the results of an overall South African model with student- and school-level variables. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	educational policies; PIRLS 2006; reading literacy; secondary analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22544436439	Contextual factors at the school and classroom level related to pupils' performance in mathematics in South Africa	Howie S.J.	2005	Educational Research and Evaluation	11	2	10.1080/13803610500110703	Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Howie, S.J., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	South African pupils performed well below the TIMSS international average in 1995 and 1999 and significantly below all other countries (including the other African countries) in the 1999 study. Path analysis, namely Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis, was applied to the South African TIMSS-R data to explore the effect of contextual factors at school level and classroom level within South African schools on the aggregated pupils' performance in mathematics. The results from the combined school- and classroom-level model revealed a relationship between the location of the schools, teachers' attitudes and beliefs, teaching load, lesson planning, and class size; all of which had direct effects on the South African pupils' aggregated performance in mathematics and in total explained 27% of the variance in the mathematics scores. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859139578	Constructing benchmarks for monitoring purposes: Evidence from South Africa	Scherman V., Howie S.J., Bosker R.J.	2011	Educational Research and Evaluation	17	6	10.1080/13803611.2011.632663	University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Scherman, V., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Howie, S.J., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bosker, R.J., University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	In information-rich environments, schools are often presented with a myriad of data from which decisions need to be made. The use of the information on a classroom level may be facilitated if performance could be described in terms of levels of proficiency or benchmarks. The aim of this article is to explore benchmarks using data from a monitoring system on secondary school level. Seventeen secondary schools, purposively sampled for maximum variation, participated in this project. Pupils from a random sample of 2 Grade 8 classes per school completed the assessments (n = 1706). Using a dichotomous Rasch model, person item distribution maps were generated for mathematics, and different difficulty levels were constructed from the items that corresponded to the ability levels of pupils as well as the reporting protocol of the National Department of Education. Implications for benchmarking and standard setting are discussed based on the results provided in the article. © 2011 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	benchmarking; item maps; Rasch analysis; standard setting; standards	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57249090335	The effect of multilingual policies on performance and progression in reading literacy in South African primary schools	Howie S., Venter E., Van Staden S.	2008	Educational Research and Evaluation	14	6	10.1080/13803610802576775	University of Pretoria, South Africa	Howie, S., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Venter, E., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Van Staden, S., University of Pretoria, South Africa	South Africa's rich multicultural society is reflected by 11 official languages. The Language in Education policy stipulates that children should start learning at school in their home language until Grade 3. In most schools, the language of instruction for all subjects changes in Grade 4 from an indigenous African language to English, which means that more than 80% of South African pupils learn in a language different to their home language. This paper seeks to ascertain (a) to what extent South African pupils are proficient readers in the language in which they have received reading instruction for 4 years, (b) what differences in achievement become evident between pupils in Grade 4 and Grade 5, and (c) the relationship between South African pupils' performance in the test language and home language. Statistics from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 were applied to determine differences in achievement.	Assessment; International comparative studies; Reading literacy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953163559	Quantitative evaluation of third year medical students' perception and satisfaction from problem based learning in anatomy: A pilot study of the introduction of problem based learning into the traditional didactic medical curriculum in Nigeria	Saalu L.C., Abraham A.A., Aina W.O.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	4	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Abraham, A.A., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, W.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of teaching that uses hypothetical clinical cases, individual investigation and group process. In recent years, in medical education, problem-based learning (PBL) has increasingly been adopted as the preferred pedagogy in many countries around the world. Controversy, however, still exists as the potential benefits and overall outcome of PBL over traditional didactic learning (TDL). The present study compared the learning effectiveness of PBL with TDL using both experimental method (students' performance in examination) and observational method (students' responses to questionnaires). The self-administered questionnaires measured learning outcomes and acquisition of interpersonal skills on a 5-point Likert type rating scale of 1 (strongly agree) - 5 (strongly disagree). The study population comprised third year medical students of Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Half of the new innovative Human Anatomy curriculum was thought using PBL and the other half using TDL. The PBL method resulted in better examination scores than TDL for the same students. A majority of students felt that, the PBL sessions were better at fulfilling learning objectives, gave better factual knowledge of Anatomy, promoted better student participation in the learning process, provided more learning fun, ensured more students team work and interpersonal skills acquisition and enabled more students' reflective/critical thinking and reasoning of anatomy, as compared to traditional teaching methods. Most of the students opined that more such sessions should be organized in the future. The main disadvantage perceived was that, it was time-consuming. We conclude that, based on the examination scores and the responses of the students, PBL are more successful than TDL. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Medical students; Perception; Problem based learning; Traditional didactic learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952968257	Impact of management style on performance indicators of academic staff	Irtwange S.V., Orsaah S.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	The objective of this study is to assess the impact of management style on academic staff performance with University of Agriculture, Makurdi as a case study. The management style of the vice chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi between the periods, September 3, 1996 to September 3, 2001 was determined using the Ohio State University and University of Michigan Models. Based on a population of 269 academic staff, a sample size of 200 was selected using the purposive and random sampling techniques. Research questionnaire, interview and personal observations were employed as instruments for data collection. Analysis of data indicates that the vice chancellor was rated below desirable limits both on the considerate or employee centered management style (Cronbach alpha =0.978) and on the initiating structure or production centered management style (Cronbach alpha = 0.968). This indicates low concern for production and people, which answers to the impoverished management style of the grid model. Chi-square (X 2) test at 5% level of significance showed that there is a relationship between the management style of the vice chancellor of University of Agriculture, Makurdi and academic staff performance. As expected, academic staff of the university were found to have performed poorly on all six performance indicators - qualification, teaching/cognate experience, contribution to university and community, publications, current research and extension and administrative experience. The results of the study further indicate that with good management of men and materials, performance of academic staff in the Nigerian university system will be enhanced if they are appropriately motivated and rewarded. The study recommends that proven ability and capacity to professionally manage men, money and materials to deliver on the core mandates of the various universities in Nigeria should be the most important consideration in appointment of vice chancellors. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic staff; Management style; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955156143	Effect of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance of students in integrated science at the junior secondary school level	Bimbola O., Daniel O.I.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	7	None	Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nige	Bimbola, O., Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Daniel, O.I., Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria	Integrated science plays vital role in Nigerian science education programme because it prepares pupils at the Junior Secondary School level for the study of core science subjects at the Senior Secondary School level which in turn brings about students' interest in science oriented courses at the tertiary institutions. Despite government's efforts to encourage science teaching and learning among Nigerian students right from the Junior Secondary School level, the enrolment of students in core science subjects and science oriented courses at the Senior Secondary School level and tertiary institutions level respectively, is not encouraging. This is as a result of Junior Secondary School students' negative attitude towards integrated science. Research reports indicate that this negative attitude was caused, majorly, by teachers' conventional (lecture) method of teaching integrated science. Research reports on the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy revealed that the strategy enhanced students' academic performance. In view of this, this study examines the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance in integrated science by Junior Secondary School students in South-West Nigeria. Quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the purpose of this study. Participants were 120 Junior Secondary School Students randomly selected from four out of the 25 co-educational Junior Secondary Schools in Ijebu-ode local government area of ogun state, South-west Nigeria. Findings revealed that the constructivist instructed students had higher scores on the post test and the delayed post test, compared to those exposed to conventional (lecture) method of teaching. We concluded that if integrated science teachers could incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy into their teaching methods, there would be an improvement in academic performance of Junior Secondary School Students in integrated science. The researchers recommended that integrated science teachers should incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy in their methods of teaching. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Constructivism; Conventional (lecture); Integrated science; Junior secondary school III students; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949876567	Attitude of academic staff in Nigerian tertiary educational institutions to student evaluation of instruction (SEI): A case study of Cross River State University	Idaka I.I., Joshua M.T.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	10	None	Faculty of Education, Cross River University of Technology, Akamkpa Campus, CRS, Nigeria; Faculty of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Idaka, I.I., Faculty of Education, Cross River University of Technology, Akamkpa Campus, CRS, Nigeria; Joshua, M.T., Faculty of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	This study was designed to assess the attitude of academic staff in Nigerian tertiary educational institutions to student evaluation of instruction (SEI) and to find out the variable factors that influenced the expressed attitude of members of the academic staff, using Cross River State University as a case study. The study was a survey and so a questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Academic staff in Cross River State University was sampled for the study, using a proportional stratified and simple random technique to select 600 academic staff that took part in the study. Four hypotheses were tested using t-test and ANOVA. The findings were as follows: (i) Cross River State University academic staff displayed a significantly positive attitude to SEI, irrespective of the purposes to be served by the evaluation; although the attitude was more positive under formative than summative purposes; (ii) staff of the Faculties of Education and Arts displayed a significantly more positive attitude than staff from Science-based disciplines. It was concluded that Cross River State University academic staff are the same as their counterparts abroad where faculty evaluation in general and SEI in particular have become part of the school system. It was therefore, recommended that faculty evaluation should be introduced in our tertiary institutions as a way of enhancing the quality of teaching at that level of our education. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Attitude; Faculty evaluation; Instructional effectiveness; Instructor evaluation; Quality teaching; Student evaluation of instruction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549152351	Parent-community involvement in school governance and its effects on teacher effectiveness and improvement of learner performance: A study of selected primary and secondary schools in Botswana	Nana Adu-Pipim Boaduo F.R.C., Milondzo K.S., Adjei A.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	3	None	Faculty of Education, Department of Curriculum Studies, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Curriculum Studies, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Nana Adu-Pipim Boaduo, F.R.C., Faculty of Education, Department of Curriculum Studies, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Milondzo, K.S., Department of Curriculum Studies, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Adjei, A., Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This study surveyed 45 selected primary and secondary schools in Botswana which aimed to identify how parent and community involvement in the governance of schools affect teacher effectiveness and improvement of learner performance. The study started from January 2005 to December 2006. Literature review, administration of questionnaires, interview schedules and local conferencing at the chiefs' palaces (kgotla) and in churches were used to gather data. The conclusion that could be drawn is that in schools where parents and community involvement is visible, teachers are highly effective and this contributes to learners' positive behaviour and improvement in their performance. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Governance of schools; Improvement; Learner performance; Parent-community involvement; Teacher effectiveness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856585213	Ordinary level as results predictors of students' academic performance in chemistry in Nigerian Universities	Kolawole E.B., Oginni O.I., Fayomi E.O.	2011	Educational Research and Reviews	6	16	10.5897/ERR11.235	Institute of Education, Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Institute of Science and Technology Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Science, Ora Community Senior High School, Ora-Ekiti, Ekiti	Kolawole, E.B., Institute of Education, Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Oginni, O.I., Institute of Science and Technology Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fayomi, E.O., Department of Science, Ora Community Senior High School, Ora-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	This paper examined ordinary level result as predictors of students' academic performance in chemistry in South-west Nigeria universities. It also examined the relationship between the academic performance of students in each level of the university examinations and their corresponding secondary school certificates examination. The sample of the study is made up of 312 chemistry students randomly selected from three universities within South-west Nigeria based on the (proprietorship status) federal, state and private universities. Ex-post facto research design was adopted. The grades of all the chemistry students sampled were selected from the directorate of admission and statistics while the cumulative grade points were selected from chemistry department of the sampled universities. The results revealed that the ordinary level chemistry results related poorly with their respective universities results. The results of the study also showed that there is little or no influence of the mode of entry on the academic performance at all levels and the two examining bodies were equivalent. Based on this finding, it was recommended that both West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) and National Examination Council (NECO) should be used as mode of entry into chemistry department. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Nigerian universities; Ordinary level; Predictors; Students' achievement	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953155492	Facilities offered by the University of Ibadan (Nigeria) distance learning centre towards learners' academic goal-an evaluation	Adegbile J.A., Oyekanmi J.O.	2011	Educational Research and Reviews	6	1	None	Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adegbile, J.A., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oyekanmi, J.O., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Distance learners in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria unlike other distance learners of different parts of the world are faced with various educational, social and psychological problems associated with the code of distance learning. The facilities offered by the University of Ibadan distance learning centre towards the users' multifarious needs are not sufficient. The level of adequacy of facilities provided by the University should be equal to meeting the needs; otherwise, the objectives of the programme stand the risk of becoming a dismal failure. This study therefore, attempts to assess the level of adequacy of facilities provided by the University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre for its potential learners to meet their needs. The survey used stratified sampling techniques on the data collected from 1120 subjects among the five participating Faculties of the University - Education, Arts, the social Science, Science, and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry and employed multiple regression and simple percentage analysis. Three research questions were posed for the study. Distance Learners' Questionnaire (DLQ) with (r=0.91) was the instrument used for data collection. Findings revealed that, most of the facilities are available but inadequately provided for learners' use. It is therefore recommended that, the University of Ibadan, being the premier University in Nigeria, should endeavour to provide its distance learners with latest information infrastructure in order to increase and enhance the programme efficiency that takes care of learners' needs. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Distance learning; Evaluation; Facilities; Learner's academic goal	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751640621	Study methods for improving quality learning and performance in higher education	Mutsotso S.N., Abenga E.S.B.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	12	None	Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya	Mutsotso, S.N., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya; Abenga, E.S.B., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya	Education is an investment to development and poor study methods should not compromise the mandate of higher education institutions to generate, preserve and disseminate knowledge and produce high quality graduates. Universities admit students with varying backgrounds in terms of learning/study styles, levels of preparedness and concepts of university education. Some were "drilled", spoon fed, taught for exams, or have wrong purposes/values of university learning. These negatively impact on their study skills and achievement. In complementing the role played by academic staff, students need to be conscious of their personality and study ethics as they influence studying. It is futile to teach well while students lack the fundamentals to conceptualize and internalize the new knowledge. This paper proposes a paradigm shift in study methods and suggests strategies for both the lecturers and the students in universities towards improved learning and performance. The paper is based on the "distributed learning approach" to adequately cater for individual differences that exist among the students. The model is significant for university students, most of whom begin serious studying on realization that examinations are around the corner. This causes stress, confusion and tendency to cheat in examinations. Distributed learning model will address the study space needs and the efficiency and effectiveness of study methods. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Achievement; Distributed learning; Learning performance; Study methods	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149102687	The impact of cost sharing on internal efficiency of public secondary schools in Ndivisi division, Bungoma district Kenya	Kiveu N.M., Mayio J.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	5	None	Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya	Kiveu, N.M., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya; Mayio, J., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya	Adoption of cost sharing policy in education has witnessed the return to communities and parents a substantial proportion of financial responsibility for schooling. With increased poverty levels, many parents and communities have not been able to meet the cost requirements under cost sharing policy. Thus their investment in education and support to their children's education have dwindled, this study therefore intended to evaluate the impact of cost sharing on internal efficiency of public secondary schools in Ndivisi division of Bungoma district. In particular the study sought to find out the direct costs of secondary school education, the proportion of dropout, absenteeism and repetition attributed to costs of secondary education, the extent to which parents and communities contribute to physical facilities and equipment in schools. It is hoped that this study has contributed useful information applicable to the effective implementation of cost sharing policies in education in Kenya. It has encouraged further interest and inquiry into the application of cost-sharing policies in education. This is also a significant contribution to the development of an appropriate policy for financing education in Kenya, the scope of the study was all public secondary schools in Ndivisi division of Bungoma district. Seven secondary schools in the division were purposively sampled. The study was carried out using descriptive survey study design. The researcher used questionnaires, observation and interview schedules as research tools. Analysis of documented data was also done to gather relevant information. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. Qualitative data were analyzed in narration form while quantitative data were analyzed by use of %, means and frequencies. Tables were used to present data for easy interpretation. The study found out that school fees, uniform, transport and stationary were among the direct costs incurred by parents. On average, the transition rate was 0.30, dropout rate was 0.095 and repetition rate was 0.03, parent's contribution to physical facilities and equipment was minimal. Parents and teachers view cost sharing as a burden and it has both negative and positive impact. Negative in the sense that it has increased dropout, repetition and absenteeism and it has led to inadequate facilities and equipment in schools, positively, it has led to democratization in the management of schools. The study recommended that the government should establish the unit cost of secondary education and provide fee guidelines that are acceptable by all and additional costs in the middle of the term or year should be avoided. School administrators should encourage and use locally available teaching-learning materials, start income generating activities and sensitize parents on their role in the provision of physical facilities and equipment in schools. © 2008 Academic Journals.	Cost sharing; Internal efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549150059	The self-concept and academic performance of institutionalized and non-institutionalized HIV/AIDS orphaned children in Kisumu municipality	Kimani Chege G., Cheboswony M., Kodero H.M., Misigo B.L.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	3	None	Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya	Kimani Chege, G., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Cheboswony, M., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Kodero, H.M., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Misigo, B.L., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya	The HIV/AIDS pandemic has increasingly become a major factor in the emergence of orphans in the developing countries. These orphans are usually traumatized due to the multiple losses, isolation, stigma and grief. The study sought to investigate the effect of institutionalization of children on the self-concept of the AIDS-orphaned children and to investigate the relationship between self-concept and academic performance of the AIDS-orphaned children. The ex-post-facto research design was adopted. A total of 138 orphaned pupils that is 67 boys and 71 girls participated in the study. The study was based on Rogers' (1951) theory on self-concept. Data was analyzed using the t - test and the correlation coefficient. The study found out that there was a difference in self-concept and academic performance between pupils orphaned by HIV/AIDS living in institutions and those living with extended families, guardian homes and in parental homes. The difference in self-concept was not significant but the institutionalized orphans performed better academically than those who are non-institutionalized. The study recommended that since stigma and discrimination is still very rampant in schools, children should be taught against such behaviors to avoid orphans feeling different, and they should be treated as ordinary children. This would enhance their self-concept and academic performance. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Institutionalization non-institutionalization; Selfconcept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929709341	Impact of a participatory cyber crime prevention programme on secondary school students’ attainment in crime prevention concepts in civic education and social studies	Amosun P.A., Ige O.A., Choo K.-K.R.	2015	Education and Information Technologies	20	3	10.1007/s10639-013-9298-0	University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Amosun, P.A., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, O.A., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Choo, K.-K.R., University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Nigeria is considered by many to be a cyber crime hot spot, and is often ranked among the world’s top cyber crime committing countries (e.g. advanced fee fraud is also known as Nigerian scams and 419 scams—419 is a section under the Nigerian Criminal Code Act that prohibits obtaining goods by false pretences). We designed a cyber crime prevention programme based on the action research paradigm. We the used the pretest-postest quasi experimental design to evaluate the impact of the action cyber crime prevention programme on 218 Nigerian secondary school students’ attainment in Civic Education and Social Studies. The students were purposefully selected from whole classes in six secondary schools in Nigeria. Our analysis suggested that the action cyber crime prevention programme has a positive effect on students’ attainment in cyber crime prevention. Future work includes extending the Action Cyber Crime Prevention Programme to a wider audience in Nigeria and other developing countries. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Action cyber crime prevention programme; Civic education; Cyber crime education; Learning outcomes; Secondary school students’; Social studies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052590393	Performance of building technology graduates in the construction industry in Ghana	Ayarkwa J., Dansoh A., Adinyira E., Amoah P.	2011	Education and Training	53	6	10.1108/00400911111159485	Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ayarkwa, J., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Dansoh, A., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adinyira, E., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Amoah, P., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Purpose: This paper aims to assess the perception of the Ghanaian construction industry of the performance of entry-level building technology graduates. Also, other non-technical skills or attributes expected from building technology graduates are to be compared with the actual proficiency of the graduates. Design/methodology/approach: The findings in this paper are based on a series of interviews and structured questionnaire survey of randomly selected contractors and consultants in the Ghanaian construction industry. Findings: The overall performance of the graduates was considered acceptable by the construction industry. However, much more needed to be done in "coordination" and "scheduling" of site activities by graduates who work as site managers, and in "coordination of site activities" and "issuance of site instructions" for those who work as project managers for contractors. There was a considerable gap between the expectations of the construction industry practitioners and the actual proficiency of building technology graduates in "initiative and creativity", "practical building knowledge", "ability to define and solve problems", and other equally important attributes. The graduates, however, met the expectations of contractors in "computer literacy", "communication skills", and "interpersonal skills", and consultants in "computer literacy" and "leadership capability". Social implications: The results of the study enable entry-level graduates to realize their deficiencies for continual improvement, and the training institution to develop training curricula responsive to the needs of the industry. Originality/value: Even though results from this study generally show a disparity in the expected and actual proficiency levels of building technology graduates, as frequently reported in the literature, it provides a new insight into this problem by providing evidence to the effect that the problem is only manifest in some specific non-technical skill requirements. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Building technology; Construction industry; Ghana; Graduates; Performance management; Performance measures; Quantity surveying	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863887903	Care, performance and performativity: Portraits of teachers' lived experiences	Perold M., Oswald M., Swart E.	2012	Education as Change	16	1	10.1080/16823206.2012.692208	Department of Educational Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Perold, M., Department of Educational Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Oswald, M., Department of Educational Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Swart, E., Department of Educational Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Data from an investigation into the care practices of teachers in a primary school in a vulnerable community fore-grounded, firstly, the influence of a performance culture on the lived experiences of teachers; and secondly, the role of language in the meaning-making of teachers regarding care. The data was generated by means of group discussions, individual and focus group interviews and open-ended questions as part of a more comprehensive research project that explored teachers' care practices in two primary schools. The research project employed an ethnographic methodology and more specifically, an ethnographic casebook design. We purposefully selected three teachers from the one school to construct portraits of their care practices. In an effort to make sense of the data we consulted the writings of Judith Butler on the constitutive nature of language. We viewed the teachers' accounts of their lived experiences through the lenses of care theory, performance and performativity. The portraits of the three teachers demonstrated how different interpretations of circumstances, culture and language can lead to different courses of action, albeit in one environment, and clearly indicate how the pressure of performing might obscure other important aspects of teachers' work such as caring for their learners. © 2012 Copyright Centre for Education Practice Research (CEPR).	care; performance; performativity; teachers' lived experiences	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960833699	'Situated' in a separated campus - students' sense of belonging and academic performance: A case study of the experiences of students during a higher education merger	de Beer J., Smith U., Jansen C.	2009	Education as Change	13	1	10.1080/16823200902944922	Department of Mathematics, Science, Technology and Computer Education, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; University of Pretoria, South Africa	de Beer, J., Department of Mathematics, Science, Technology and Computer Education, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Smith, U., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Jansen, C., University of Pretoria, South Africa	Fourteen years into post-apartheid South Africa, learning institutions are still facing the challenge of ensuring access to and success in education for all. Institutions for higher learning have experienced a number of mergers, and this article reflects on the surprising patterns of student performance in a case where one of the campuses of a historically black university (HBU) was incorporated into a historically white university (HWU). This mixed method research was done on two groups of foundation year students; one group placed at a suburban campus (the HWU), and the other group within a township (the HBU). Despite the fact that the academic programmes and support structures of the two campuses were comparable, and the student profiles regarding M- scores, socio-economic and cultural background, language proficiency, etc were similar, the academic performance of the students at the HBU campus was poor in comparison with that of the students at the HWU. From a Cartesian perspective the researchers were tempted to look at student performance on these two campuses through a cognitive science lens, locating cognitive functioning within the rational individual. However, we soon realised that students' academic progress can be better explained by viewing it through the lens of relational ontology, which acknowledges that learning occurs in the realm between individuals and their world, and also activity theory. This article focuses on the interesting group dynamics on the two campuses, and the theory of "goodness of fit", as well as students' sense of belonging, in an attempt to shed light on the differences in their academic performance on the two campuses. © Unisa Press.	Campus locality; Situated cognition; Situated learning; Students' sense of belonging; Tertiary academic performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869750813	Multilingual teachers' voices: Perceptions about the impact of language	Webb L.	2012	Education as Change	16	2	10.1080/16823206.2012.745752	Faculty of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Webb, L., Faculty of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Many teachers in South Africa teach mainly in English, which is not their home language. In order to elicit their inner voices about language issues, 176 senior phase teachers in rural, peri-urban and urban regions of the Eastern Cape were encouraged to write poetry about their perceptions of the impact of language in their lives. The most prevalent conflict they expressed was the dominance of English juxtaposed against the subordination of their home languages, either isiXhosa or Afrikaans. They felt that English gave them access to education and upward employment mobility, whereas they were excluded from various discourses when they used their home languages. The use of poetry to understand how teachers make meaning of the potential conflicts caused by teaching in English revealed feelings and emotions that may not have been as obvious, or as evocative, if other data-gathering methods had been used. Further research is suggested strategies that could use both English and the pupils' home languages as a resource in multilingual classrooms. © 2012 Copyright The University of Johannesburg.	access; language; multilingual; perceptions; poetry; power	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960765195	How Mapula fell through the cracks in her community school: A failing environment in a 'high-impact social setting'	Salmon L., Fourie J.	2011	Education as Change	14	SUPPL.1	10.1080/16823206.2010.517939	Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Salmon, L., Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Fourie, J., Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	As with other schools, there are many casualties on the road of the community school psychology movement in South Africa. This article presents the case of one young girl, Mapula, who may have been spared if school community psychology practice had been established in the inner city where she tried to get an education. The case study tells the story of her school's attempts to meet her educational needs and of her struggle. Mapula's condition deteriorated, parallel with the school's efforts to try and assist her. It urgently required the help of a support team and caring educational psychologists, social workers and public health professionals. None of these were forthcoming in this 'private' school 'for the poor'. We argue for radical community psychology support in schools situated in settings such as these, where social impact is high. It also questions the ability of organisations running such schools, to cope with the full responsibility. © 2010 The University of Johannesburg.	Bullying; Community psychology; Hallucinatory episodes; Inner-city school; Reading problems	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897057156	Student teachers' academic backgrounds and beliefs about teaching: Predicting student engagement and performance in a developing country	Nizeyimana G., Osman R.	2014	Education as Change	18	SUPPL.1	10.1080/16823206.2013.877356	Kigali Institute of Education, Curriculum and Teaching, Rwanda; University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	Nizeyimana, G., Kigali Institute of Education, Curriculum and Teaching, Rwanda; Osman, R., University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	This article explores the influence of university/college first-year student teachers' educational backgrounds and their beliefs about teaching on their performance, and identifies these as key indicators of student engagement in learning to teach in developing countries, with particular reference to Rwanda. Both quantitative data (students' marks) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews) were collected from student teachers in the 2010 academic year. This article argues that, in developing countries where primary teacher preparation is done at high school level while secondary school teacher preparation is done at university/college level, tertiary first-year student teachers' beliefs about their teaching career are more likely to determine the level of their engagement in learning to teach and hence performance than their prior academic background in related fields of study. © 2014 © 2014 The University of Johannesburg.	academic background; beliefs; developing countries; performance; student engagement; teacher education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886018578	Pre-school children's performance on repeat-pattern tasks	Hutchinson E., Pournara C.	2014	Education as Change	18	1	10.1080/16823206.2013.847015	Parkmore Nursery School, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	Hutchinson, E., Parkmore Nursery School, South Africa; Pournara, C., University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	This study explored the performance of eight pre-school children on a range of tasks involving repeat patterns. Task-based interviews were conducted where children were required to produce their own pattern, to copy and extend a given pattern, and to complete missing parts of a pattern. The findings show that most children were able to copy and extend a repeat pattern, but few could produce their own repeat pattern. While most children tended to focus on 'what comes next', some children paid attention to pattern structure, but were not able to isolate the pattern element. Evidence is provided of inconsistent performance by individual children across tasks, which provides new insights into children's developing sense of repeat patterns. © 2013 © 2013 The University of Johannesburg.	early childhood numeracy; mathematical patterns; pattern element; repeat patterns	None	None
WoS	WOS:000267176400007	Challenges in implementing a participatory evaluation approach: A case study of the Limpopo Literacy Teaching Evaluation Project	Makgamatha, Matthews Matome	2009	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	13	1	10.1080/16823200902940730	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa	None	The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), in collaboration with the University of Limpopo, was commissioned by the Limpopo Department of Education (LDoE) in South Africa to evaluate literacy teaching materials and practices in Limpopo primary schools. The research followed a participatory evaluation approach involving key education stakeholders in the province. The article examines the formation of the Research Reference Group (RRG) as a mechanism through which stakeholders were enabled to participate in the evaluation. It reviews the challenges encountered during the process of establishing the RRG and how they were addressed by the evaluation team. These challenges included conflicts of interest among stakeholders; determining the size of the RRG and the number of stakeholder representatives, and the knowledge imbalance between the evaluation team and the stakeholder representatives. It also highlights lessons learnt from the Limpopo literacy evaluation case study.	"EVALUATION TEAM",LITERACY,"participatory evaluation",stakeholder	None	None
WoS	WOS:000267176400006	Enhancing teacher assessment practices in South African schools: Evaluation of the assessment resource banks	Kanjee, Anil	2009	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	13	1	10.1080/16823200902940599	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa	None	The effective use of assessment by teachers can have a significant impact on improving learning. However, teachers require adequate support and appropriate resources to enhance their classroom assessment practices. This article reports on the results of a study which evaluated the effectiveness of Assessment Resource Banks (ARBs) for supporting teachers in rural primary schools to improve their classroom assessment practices. These ARBs are teacher booklets that comprise sets of Literacy and Numeracy tasks for use in assessing learner performance against the national Assessment Standards. The ARBs were piloted in 450 rural schools across four provinces. Data for the evaluation was obtained from classroom observations and interviews conducted in a sample of pilot schools and teacher and principal surveys administered in all pilot schools. The results of the evaluation indicate that providing teachers with relevant assessment resources can improve their classroom assessment practice. Most teachers reported that they found the ARBs to be extremely useful for conducting classroom assessments, and used them on a regular basis. In addition, the ARBs also provided a valuable resource for the planning and presentation of lessons as well as for assigning class work and homework exercises. The article concludes by highlighting future development and research needs in the deployment of ARBs in South African schools.	"assessment resource banks","classroom assessment","teacher assessment"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000261208700006	Evaluation of a South African university's language policy	Leibowitz, Brenda,van Deventer, Idilette	2007	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	11	1	None	Stellenbosch University	"Leibowitz, Brenda: Stellenbosch University","van Deventer, Idilette: Stellenbosch University"	There are strong calls for the use of the first language and for a multilingual approach to language in higher education in South Africa. There are a variety of reasons why it is a highly complex exercise to devise and implement a language policy at an institutional level, especially if it is based on unitary notions of language and groups of people. A policy emphasizing the value of multilingualism and endorsing the value of Afrikaans as default language of learning and teaching was implemented at Stellenbosch University in 2004. This article reports on a formative evaluation study of the experience of its first-year The research design was multileveled focusing on responses of lecturers, administrative staff first year students and faculty learning and teaching committee members. The study made use mainly of the survey approach. The analysis of the results showed a varied response to the policy, with strong endorsement for the use of Afrikaans, especially amongst the first-year students. The various responses were shown to vary strongly according to biographical indicators for respondents. The case study questions the dominance of linguistic rights and the human right of participation in educational processes. The research considers whether it is reasonable to expect one policy to be able to deliver to a wide spectrum of interest groups, with a widely varying set of priorities. It presents a principled approach to multilingualism as a useful approach for the future.	evaluation,"HIGHER EDUCATION",LANGUAGE,POLICY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000261308200006	Improving success rates of first-year Economics students by means of a summer school programme - an evaluation	Horn, P. M.,Jansen, A. I.	2008	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	12	1	None	Stellenbosch University	"Horn, P. M.: Stellenbosch University","Jansen, A. I.: Stellenbosch University"	The high failure rate of first-year Economics students has become a concern at most South African universities. It affects the throughput of students and has financial implications for the institution as well as the students. At academic departmental level it may impact on the number of students who consider continuing their studies in Economics. At the beginning of 2007, Stellenbosch University (in the Western Cape, South Africa) launched a pilot summer school with the aim of improving students' learning outcomes and pass rates. Techniques used were geared towards actively involving the students in their own learning process. Various authors indicate the importance of active learning for student performance. This may include techniques such as in-class experiments and the writing of assignments. The case study presented in this paper investigates these techniques. The summer school programme combined traditional lectures and interactive learning approaches, primarily co-operative learning (through small tutorial sessions) and writing tasks, thereby ensuring active participation by students. The results achieved in the summer school (a pass rate of 89%) provide a justification to explore the success of this structured approach for future applications.	"ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE","Economics first-year students","Summer School","teaching and learning techniques",ATTENDANCE	None	None
WoS	WOS:000261307600008	School monitoring and change: a critical examination of Whole School-Evaluation	De Clercq, Francine	2007	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	11	2	None	University of Witwatersrand	None	This article engages with the challenges of school change, and the conceptual framework and assumptions of using accountability and support as improvement tools. It looks at lessons from various conceptual and empirical analyses and evaluation studies of school change interventions to critically examine the Whole-School Evaluation (WSE) policy introduced in South African education in 2001. It analyses the content, form and underlying assumptions that schools can be improved through monitoring/evaluation and development. This article argues that the WSE policy, in its present form, will not be able to achieve its intended outcomes. A different form of school monitoring and evaluation system, which is more appropriate to the context of South African schools, is needed to achieve the desired outcomes.	DEVELOPMENT,evaluation,"School Monitoring",ACCOUNTABILITY,ENGLAND,LESSONS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889633821	Planning practices, strategy types and firm performance in the Arabian Gulf region	Yusuf A., Saffu K.	2009	Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues	2	3	10.1108/17537980910981778	Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja, Nigeria; Brock University, St Catherines, Canada	Yusuf, A., Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja, Nigeria; Saffu, K., Brock University, St Catherines, Canada	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate planning practices, strategy types, and the performance of indigenous firms in Bahrain and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach: Data are collected from cheif executive officers (CEOs) and top management of 95 local companies sampled from Chamber of Commerce and Industry databases in Bahrain and UAE using face-to-face interviews. Analysis of variance and univariate logistic regression are employed in analyzing the data. Findings: Although most of the firms are long-term planners, many of them do not have a planning process. Majority of the firms are Prospectors and Analyzers. Prospectors perform considerably better than all the other strategy types. Nevertheless, the firms that are included in this paper appear to be cautious and not aggressive in entering new markets or in taking the lead in introducing and marketing new products. Research limitations/implications: The paper suffers from selection bias by focusing on indigenous-owned companies. Also, the data originate from self-reported responses from business leaders and executives. The results do not establish causality. Finally, only broad demographic links are considered. Other individual and firm variables may influence performance in different ways than indicated here. Practical implications: Managers must pay heed to the usefulness of planning and ensure that their companies have a planning process in place. Given the performance of Prospectors, managers must adopt some prospector strategies. Experience and high level of education as essential ingredients to successful planning and performance require management consideration. Originality/value: The paper provides empirical support for Miles and Snow typology and corroborates the existing understanding that planning is beneficial to firms from an under-researched part of the world. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Bahrain; Business performance; Business planning; Corporate strategy; United Arab Emirates	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22144440169	Developing a competence framework and evaluation tool for primary care nursing in South Africa	Strasser S., London L., Kortenbout E.	2005	Education for Health	18	2	10.1080/13576280500145615	Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Nursing, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; 4702 Tahoe Circle, Martinez, CA 94553, United States	Strasser, S., Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 4702 Tahoe Circle, Martinez, CA 94553, United States; London, L., Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kortenbout, E., Department of Nursing, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Context: Nurses provide the bulk of primary care services in South Africa. Post-apartheid health legislation envisions the provision of comprehensive primary services at all public clinics, which implies the need for a cadre of primary care nurses able to render such services. Objectives: To identify core competencies of clinic nurses and develop an evaluation tool for primary care nursing in South Africa. Methods: The descriptive and exploratory techniques used included two meetings of a reference group of South African primary care professionals, followed by a consensus-building exercise. Using the Delphi technique expert opinion was solicited from South Africa, Canada and the USA. Findings: The reference group meetings yielded a list of nine core competencies. Infrastructure issues, such as the supermarket (one-stop shopping) approach to service delivery, communication and transport systems, and the quality of supervision still cause concern. These issues underscore that competence cannot be measured in a vacuum. Input from Delphi participants affirmed the nine core competencies and the need to assess the impact of core competency training. One possible way to measure the nine core competencies would be to use proxy indicators. Discussion/Conclusions: Identifying core competencies is a complex process. There is a need to process a wide range of views and ideas. Also, balancing academic concerns with service delivery needs and constraints is an ongoing challenge. A potential limitation of the Delphi technique is participant selection bias and fatigue. Accessing a diverse international panel and making numerous follow up attempts via phone, mail and email were used to attempt to ameliorate these inherent limitations. Although the process is cumbersome, providing "experts" with a venue to wrestle with these ideas can be fruitful. Future studies would help to assess the reliability of the findings. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.	Competence; Nursing; Primary care; Training	article; competence; controlled study; health care delivery; health care personnel; health care quality; human; medical profession; nursing; nursing education; primary medical care; priority journal; professional practice; professional standard; reliability; South Africa; Clinical Competence; Community Health Nursing; Delphi Technique; Guidelines; Humans; Nursing Evaluation Research; Primary Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649787047	Evaluation of the content validity, internal consistency and stability of an instrument designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of University Students	Balogun J.A., Aniona T.C., Lukobo-Durrell M., Adefuye A., Amosun S., Frantz J., Yakut Y.	2010	Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice	23	3	None	College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Balogun, J.A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Aniona, T.C., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Lukobo-Durrell, M., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Adefuye, A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Amosun, S., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Frantz, J., Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Yakut, Y., Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Objective: This study evaluated the content validity, internal consistency and stability of a questionnaire designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of young adults. Methods: The questionnaire was administered on two occasions, within two week intervals, to 219 university students in the USA (n=66), Turkey (n=53) and South Africa (n=100). The psychometric instrument contained demographic information questions and 45 knowledge questions regarding the HIV virus, ways of transmitting it, symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection and methods of prevention. Factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity; Cronbach alphas and Pearson's product moment correlation (r) were calculated to evaluate internal consistency and stability, respectively. Results: The 45 knowledge questions produced a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (measure of sampling adequacy) value of 0.8133 and loaded on three factors with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.861. The r for the individual knowledge question was greater than 0.50 and the overall knowledge score was "almost perfect" (0.91; p<.001). For participating students from the USA, Turkey and South Africa, their r for the overall knowledge score was 0.80 (p<.001), 0.83 (p<.001) and 0.93 (p<.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the instrument is highly stable and internally consistent. The availability of this instrument may enhance HIV intervention studies internationally. © JA Balogun, TC Aniona, M Lukobo-Durrell, A Adefuye, S Amosun, J Frantz, Y Yakut, 2010.	Evaluation; HIV/AIDS; Knowledge; Psychometric instrument; University students; Young adults	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953173437	The impact of skills development on competitiveness: Empirical evidence from a cross-country analysis [El impacto del desarrollo de habilidades para la competitividad: Evidencia empírica de una comparación entre países]	Onsomu E.N., Ngware M.W., Manda D.K.	2010	Education Policy Analysis Archives	18	None	None	Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, Kenya; African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya; University of Nairobi, Kenya	Onsomu, E.N., Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, Kenya; Ngware, M.W., African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya; Manda, D.K., University of Nairobi, Kenya	In the past half-century, most countries have emphasized the development of human capital as an instrument for economic growth, sustainable development, and improved global competitiveness. However, limited evidence exists on the link between skills development and a country's competitiveness. This paper examines the contribution and association of skills to a country's competitiveness. The study uses panel data from 84 countries in estimating an empirical model. Skills availability, foreign direct investments, secondary education, and technical (engineering) education and training are significant contributors to a country's competitiveness in a technologically changing and demanding world. This dynamic requires institutionalizing high-level technical skills development and on-the-job training programs in various firms that provided company specific and general skills to employees. The study recommends increased participation in secondary education and technically-oriented courses in tertiary education and programs that encourage skills transfer from foreign companies. Foreign direct investment, however, requires a conducive investment environment. Increased collaboration between tertiary institutions and industry is crucial for improved skilled development.	Human capital; International development; International economic competition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928629549	Gills and skin histopathological evaluation in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark	Abalaka S.E., Fatihu M.Y., Ibrahim N.D.G., Ambali S.F.	2015	Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research	41	1	10.1016/j.ejar.2015.01.005	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abalaka, S.E., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Fatihu, M.Y., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, N.D.G., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ambali, S.F., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Histopathological effects of ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark was investigated in the gills and skin of African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus over a 96-h exposure period as an endpoint of toxicity. There was a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent mortality in some of the exposed fish. The median lethal concentration of the extract was 7.15mgL-1. The extract caused some histopathological lesions in the gills and skin of the exposed fish. However, the severity but not the type of the lesions observed in the gills and skin of the exposed fish was concentration-dependent. Although the degree of tissue change (DTC) grading indicated moderate damage in the gills of the exposed fish, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences between gills DTC of the exposed and unexposed fish. However, lesions in the skin did not affect the normal functioning of the tissue but significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded in the DTC between the skin of the exposed and the unexposed fish. The extract was toxic to the exposed fish and therefore, A. obesum can be used as a potent organic piscicide for effective fish pond management. © 2015 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.	Adenium obesum; Clarias gariepinus; Gills; Histopathology; Skin; Toxicity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926163030	Evaluation of elastix-based propagated align algorithm for VOI- and voxel-based analysis of longitudinal 18F-FDG PET/CT data from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	Kerner G.S.M.A., Fischer A., Koole M.J.B., Pruim J., Groen H.J.M.	2015	EJNMMI Research	5	1	10.1186/s13550-015-0089-z	University of Groningen and Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001,, Groningen, Netherlands; Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Postfach 40, Philipstr. 8, Aachen, Germany; University of Groningen and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001,, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Cape Town, South Africa	Kerner, G.S.M.A., University of Groningen and Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001,, Groningen, Netherlands; Fischer, A., Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Postfach 40, Philipstr. 8, Aachen, Germany; Koole, M.J.B., University of Groningen and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001,, Groningen, Netherlands; Pruim, J., University of Groningen and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001,, Groningen, Netherlands, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Cape Town, South Africa; Groen, H.J.M., University of Groningen and Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001,, Groningen, Netherlands	Background: Deformable image registration allows volume of interest (VOI)- and voxel-based analysis of longitudinal changes in fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) tumor uptake in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluates the performance of the elastix toolbox deformable image registration algorithm for VOI and voxel-wise assessment of longitudinal variations in FDG tumor uptake in NSCLC patients. Methods: Evaluation of the elastix toolbox was performed using 18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and after 2 cycles of therapy (follow-up) data in advanced NSCLC patients. The elastix toolbox, an integrated part of the IMALYTICS workstation, was used to apply a CT-based non-linear image registration of follow-up PET/CT data using the baseline PET/CT data as reference. Lesion statistics were compared to assess the impact on therapy response assessment. Next, CT-based deformable image registration was performed anew on the deformed follow-up PET/CT data using the original follow-up PET/CT data as reference, yielding a realigned follow-up PET dataset. Performance was evaluated by determining the correlation coefficient between original and realigned follow-up PET datasets. The intra- and extra-thoracic tumors were automatically delineated on the original PET using a 41% of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) adaptive threshold. Equivalence between reference and realigned images was tested (determining 95% range of the difference) and estimating the percentage of voxel values that fell within that range. Results: Thirty-nine patients with 191 tumor lesions were included. In 37/39 and 12/39 patients, respectively, thoracic and non-thoracic lesions were evaluable for response assessment. Using the EORTC/SUVmax-based criteria, 5/37 patients had a discordant response of thoracic, and 2/12 a discordant response of non-thoracic lesions between the reference and the realigned image. FDG uptake values of corresponding tumor voxels in the original and realigned reference PET correlated well (R2=0.98). Using equivalence testing, 94% of all the voxel values fell within the 95% range of the difference between original and realigned reference PET. Conclusions: The elastix toolbox impacts lesion statistics and therefore therapy response assessment in a clinically significant way. The elastix toolbox is therefore not applicable in its current form and/or standard settings for PET response evaluation. Further optimization and validation of this technique is necessary prior to clinical implementation. © 2015, Kerner et al.; licensee Springer.	Elastix; Image deformation; NSCLC; PET/CT	fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; adult; aged; algorithm; Article; clinical article; computer assisted emission tomography; correlation coefficient; data analysis software; drug tumor level; female; follow up; human; male; middle aged; non small cell lung cancer; priority journal; quality control; signal noise ratio; statistics; thorax tumor; tumor necrosis; voxel based morphometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349573350	Evaluation of the phytochemical content of some edible grains marketed in Nigeria	Odoemelam S.A., Osu C.I.	2009	E-Journal of Chemistry	6	4	None	Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Nigeria	Odoemelam, S.A., Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Nigeria; Osu, C.I., Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Nigeria	Five food grains (groundnut, millet, wheat, guinea corn and breadfruit) commonly consumed in Nigeria were evaluated for their phytochemical contents. The results revealed that the grains contained 0.60-1.24% alkaloid, 0.82-2.27% flavonoid, 0.03-0.05% saponin, 0.50-0.60% tannins, 2.40-2.80% phenols and 0.17-0.30% phytic acid. Dietary implications of these constituents are highlighted.	Anti-nutritional factors; Food; Grains; Phytochemicals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52649159267	Evaluation of the effect of azo group on the biological activity of 1-(4-Methylphenylazo)-2-naphthol	Mkpenie V., Ebong G., Obot I.B., Abasiekong B.	2008	E-Journal of Chemistry	5	3	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Science and Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 200, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria	Mkpenie, V., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Ebong, G., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Obot, I.B., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Abasiekong, B., Department of Science and Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 200, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria	Azo-2-naphthol and 2-naphthol were tested against five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis. 2-Naphthol was slightly active while azo-2-naphthol was highly active against all the bacteria species tested. The presence of azo group contributed more than 60% of the antibacterial activities exhibited by azo-2-naphthol on all the bacteria tested.	2-Naphthol; Antibacterial activity; Azo compound; p-Toluidine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924705895	Behaviour and ecological impacts of termites: Fecundity investigations in mounds	Wako S.E.	2015	Ekologia Bratislava	34	1	10.1515/eko-2015-0008	Department of Biology Education, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 6767, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Wako, S.E., Department of Biology Education, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 6767, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A radical study was conducted on the behaviour and ecological impacts of termites in Haru District of Western Oromia, Ethiopia. It was aimed at investigating the natural behaviour, fecundity in mounds, ecological impacts and recommending possible solutions to termite problems. Four mounds in different sites were vertically dug down to display the profile of the queen, soldiers, workers, number of laid eggs, nymphs and colonies of termites. On an average, termite queens of the study site may lay about 25 eggs per minute, 36,000 eggs per day and 13,140,000 eggs annually. The fourth queen was unearthed to study the structure, size, number of ovaries and fecundity. It was examined that the death of a queen does not affect the colony, because four small queens are formed and one of them becomes the queen of queens and replaced the dead queen promptly. Accordingly, termites are found to be one of the most destructive agents of our ecosystems and their management requests careful and biological control methods. As a result, the negative effect of termites outweighs the positive effect of termites so that minimising the population size is important for human beings.	Alates; Cast; Colony; Queen; Red ants and royal cell	behavioral ecology; biological control; ecological impact; ecosystem management; fecundity; population size; termite; Ethiopia; Oromia; Formicidae; Isoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929147808	Development of a novel control for a matrix converter interfaced wind energy conversion system for dynamic performance enhancement	Kumar V., Joshi R.R., Bansal R.C.	2015	Electric Power Components and Systems	43	42592	10.1080/15325008.2015.1016194	Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, India; Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Kumar, V., Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, India; Joshi, R.R., Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, India; Bansal, R.C., Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This article presents the development of a novel control for matrix converter interfaced permanent magnet wind energy conversion system. Here, an adaptive fuzzy control algorithm incorporated with a reversed matrix converter is proposed to yield maximum energy with enhanced dynamic performance and low harmonic characteristics. The control algorithm is implemented using a dSPACE DS1104 real-time board (dSPACE, Paderborn, Germany). Feasibility of the proposed system has been verified through simulation and experiment results using a laboratory 1.2-kW prototype of a wind energy conversion system under dynamic conditions. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	matrix converter; synchronous generator; wind energy conversion system; wind turbine emulator	Algorithms; Energy conversion; Fuzzy control; Matrix converters; Permanent magnets; Power converters; Synchronous generators; Wind turbines; Adaptive fuzzy control; Dspace ds1104; Dynamic condition; Dynamic performance; Low harmonics; Real time boards; Wind energy conversion system; Wind turbine emulator; Wind power	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929159019	Performance analysis of power converter based active rectifier for an offshore wind park	Musasa K., Gitau M.N., Bansal R.C.	2015	Electric Power Components and Systems	43	42592	10.1080/15325008.2015.1025009	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Musasa, K., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Gitau, M.N., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Bansal, R.C., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The use of a DC system in wind parks is becoming a more promising technology. Low weight and compact components in the offshore wind park are crucial to use due to strong wind perturbations out in the sea. A wind park with a DC collector is more compact than one using an AC collector. A DC collector employs power converters instead of a 50- or 60-Hz power transformer. For similar voltage/current ratings, the power converter is compact and of small weight compared to the power transformer. The full-bridge voltage source converter is commonly used as topology of the power converter resulting high power losses. This article proposes the use of cascade connection of a non-controlled full-bridge diode rectifier and a controlled DC-DC boost converter. The proposed topology differs from the conventional full-bridge voltage source converter by having a reduced number of operating switches. The power loss is reduced, thus improving the efficiency of the wind park. A DC collection grid consisting of series-parallel connections of wind energy conversion units (WECUs) is investigated. The impact caused to the wind park for a fault or a collapse of a given number of WECU is analyzed and mitigated. It is demonstrated that the use of large numbers of wind energy conversion units in a wind park improves the fault ride-through capabiliy. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	DC collector; DC-DC boost converter; offshore wind park; pulse-width modulation controller; signal model	DC transformers; Electric connectors; Electric load dispatching; Electric rectifiers; Energy conversion; Power converters; Power transformers; Pulse width modulation; Rectifying circuits; Topology; Voltage control; Wind power; DC collector; DC-DC boost converters; Off-shore wind parks; Pulse width modulation controllers; Signal modeling; DC-DC converters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952978523	Influence of rotor cage on the performance of a synchronous reluctance generator	Obe E.S., Anih L.U.	2010	Electric Power Components and Systems	38	8	10.1080/15325000903571566	Institut für Elektrische Energiewandlung, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Obe, E.S., Institut für Elektrische Energiewandlung, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Anih, L.U., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The influence of rotor cage on the performance of an autonomous self-excited reluctance generator supplying loads of different power factors is presented. It is seen that for the same excitation capacitance, terminal load connection, and speed, the self-excited reluctance generator with a cage exhibits a better ability to preserve the voltage waveshape following a sudden addition or removal of load than does a cageless self-excited reluctance generator. This is because during the transient disturbance, the rotor cage supports some DC current in the d-axis, making it act as a field winding. The solution of steady-state model equations formulated directly from the dynamic model are solved using the MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) optimization technique 'fsolve.' The cageless self-excited reluctance generator is only capable of yielding less than half the rated power, while the self-excited reluctance generator with a cage is able to produce more than two-thirds of the rated power. This is due to the inability of the cageless machine to excite at capacitance values high enough to circulate the rated current in the machine windings. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Load characteristics; Self-excitation; Synchronous reluctance generator	Capacitance values; Dc current; Excitation capacitance; Field winding; Load characteristics; Massachusetts , USA; Mathworks; Optimization techniques; Power factors; Reluctance generators; Self - excited; Self excitation; Steady-state models; Synchronous reluctance generator; Transient disturbances; Capacitance; Electric power factor; MATLAB; Rotors (windings); Transformer windings; Winding; Synchronous machinery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748526198	UV-visible and electrochemical monitoring of carbon monoxide release by donor complexes to myoglobin solutions and to electrodes modified with films containing hemin	Obirai J.C., Hamadi S., Ithurbide A., Wartelle C., Nyokong T., Zagal J., Top S., Bedioui F.	2006	Electroanalysis	18	17	10.1002/elan.200603571	Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France	Obirai, J.C., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Hamadi, S., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Ithurbide, A., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Wartelle, C., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Nyokong, T., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Zagal, J., Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Top, S., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Bedioui, F., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France	This study reports on the evaluation of the CO donating behavior of tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium(II) dimer ([Ru(CO)3Cl 2]2) and 1,3-dimethoxyphenyl tricarbonyl chromium (C 6H3(MeO)2Cr(CO)3) complex by UV-visible technique and electrochemical technique. The CO release was monitored by following the modifications of the UV-visible features of MbFe(II) in phosphate buffer solution and the redox features of reduced Hemin, HmFe(II), confined at the surface of a vitreous carbon electrode. In the latter case, the interaction between the hemin-modified electrode and the released CO was seen through the observation of an increase of the reduction current related to the FeIII/FeII redox process of the immobilized porphyrin. While the ruthenium-based complex, ([Ru(CO)3Cl2] 2), depended on the presence of Fe(II) species to release CO, it was found that the chromium-based complex released spontaneously CO. This was facilitated by illuminating and/or simple stirring of the solution containing the complex. © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA.	Carbon monoxide; Chromium CO-releasing complex; Cyclic voltammetry; Hemin modified electrode; Myoglobin; Ruthenium complex; UV-visible spectrophotometry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924807774	The Effects of Cathode Parameters on the Performance of Poly(2,5-Benzimidazole)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell	Maiyalagan T., Pasupathi S., Pollet B.G.	2015	Electrocatalysis	6	2	10.1007/s12678-014-0228-8	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Maiyalagan, T., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of electrode parameters on membrane electrode assembly performance including Pt loading, hydrophobicity during heat treatment, catalyst layer thickness and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the cathode are investigated. The fuel cell performance is maximized via catalyst utilization by optimizing the phosphoric acid content in the electrodes. Heat treatment of gas diffusion electrode results in an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in phosphoric acid content in the catalyst layer, which drastically affects the fuel cell performance. In our conditions, a maximum fuel cell performance of 270 mW cm−2 was achieved at 160 °C with air using 1 mg Pt cm−2 total catalyst loading (20 % PTFE). The fuel cell performance and the poisoning effect of carbon monoxide in poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI)-membrane-based high-temperature membrane electrode assemblies were investigated with respect to carbon monoxide concentrations. Fuel cell performance of Pt alloys (Pt-Cu/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Ni/C) is compared with that of Pt/C at temperatures between 140 and 180 °C. It was observed that Pt-Cu/C alloy catalysts exhibit higher performance with lower catalyst loadings (0.4 mg Pt cm−2) than Pt/C catalyst. The performance of alloy catalysts follows the order of Pt-Cu/C &gt; Pt-Fe/C &gt; Pt-Ni/C &gt; Pt/C. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	ABPBI; Electrode performance; Gas diffusion electrode; HT-PEMFCs; Membrane electrode assembly; Phosphoric acid; Pt alloy catalysts	None	KP1-S01, DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905178458	High-Performance and Durable Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells	Su H., Felix C., Barron O., Bujlo P., Bladergroen B.J., Pollet B.G., Pasupathi S.	2014	Electrocatalysis	5	4	10.1007/s12678-014-0202-5	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Felix, C., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Barron, O., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Bujlo, P., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Bladergroen, B.J., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) fabricated by various catalyst layer (CL) deposit technologies were investigated for the application of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). The physical properties of the GDEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pore size distribution. The electrochemical properties were evaluated and analyzed by polarization curve, Tafel equation, electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that the electrodes prepared by ultrasonic spraying and automatic catalyst spraying under irradiation (ACSUI) methods have superior CL structure and high electrochemistry activity, resulting in high fuel cell performances. Durability tests revealed the feasibility of the electrodes for long-term HT-PEMFC operation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Catalyst layer; Gas diffusion electrode; High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Membrane electrode assembly; Polybenzimidazole	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349136857	Metal (Co, Fe) tribenzotetraazachlorin-fullerene conjugates: Impact of direct π-bonding on the redox behaviour and oxygen reduction reaction	Ozoemena K.I., Mamuru S.A., Fukuda T., Kobayashi N., Nyokong T.	2009	Electrochemistry Communications	11	6	10.1016/j.elecom.2009.04.011	Energy and Processes, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Miering Naude Road, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Ozoemena, K.I., Energy and Processes, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Miering Naude Road, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Mamuru, S.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Fukuda, T., Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Kobayashi, N., Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Nyokong, T., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Novel hexabutylsulphonyltribenzotetraazachlorin-fullerene (C60) complexes of iron (FeHBSTBTAC-C60) and cobalt (CoHBSTBTAC-C60) have been synthesized and their electrochemistry and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with their octabutylsulphonylphthalocyanine analogues (FeOBSPc and CoOBSPc). It is proved that electron-withdrawing substituents (-SO2Bu and C60) on phthalocyanine macrocycle exhibit distinct impact on the solution electrochemistry of these metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes. The more electron-withdrawing C60 substituent suppressed ORR compared to the -SO2Bu in alkaline medium. FeOBSPc showed the best ORR activity involving a direct 4-electron mechanism, a rate constant of ∼1 × 108 cm3 mol-1 s-1 and a Tafel slope of -171 mV dec-1. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cyclic voltammetry; Metal (Fe, Co) phthalocyanine-C60; Oxygen reduction; RDE experiment	Alkaline medium; Electron mechanism; Electron-withdrawing substituents; Electronwithdrawing; Metallophthalocyanine; Oxygen reduction; Oxygen reduction reaction; Phthalocyanine macrocycle; RDE experiment; Tafel slopes; Cobalt; Electrochemistry; Electrolytic reduction; Fullerenes; Iron compounds; Oxygen; Rate constants; Cyclic voltammetry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37549021530	Self-assembled nano-arrays of single-walled carbon nanotube-octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II) on gold surfaces: Impacts of SWCNT and solution pH on electron transfer kinetics	Nkosi D., Ozoemena K.I.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	53	6	10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.073	Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Nkosi, D., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Ozoemena, K.I., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The construction by sequential self-assembly process of reproducible, highly stable and pH-responsive redox-active nanostructured arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) integrated with octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II) (FeOHETPc) via ester bonds on a gold surface (Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc) is investigated and discussed. The successful construction of this electrode is confirmed using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as from the distinct cyclic voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic profiles. The Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc electrode exhibited strong dependence on the reaction of the head groups and the pH of the working electrolytes, the surface pK a is estimated as 7.3. The high electron transfer capability of the Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc electrode over other electrodes (Au-Cys-SWCNT or the Au-Cys-FeOHETPc or the Au-FeOHETPc) suggests that SWCNT greatly improves the electronic communication between FeOHETPc and the bare gold electrode. The electron transfer rate constant (k app) of Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc in pH 4.8 conditions (∼1.7 × 10 -2 cm -2 s -1) over that of the electrode obtained from SWCNT integrated with tetraaminophthalocyninatocobalt(II) (Au-Cys-SWCNT-CoTAPc) (5.1 × 10 -3 cm -2 s -1) is attributed to the possible effect of the central metal on the phthalocyanine core and substituents on the peripheral positions of the phthalocyanine rings. We also prove that aligned SWCNT arrays exhibit much faster electron transfer kinetics to redox-active species in solutions compared to the randomly dispersed (drop-dried) SWCNTs. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cyclic voltammetry; Electron transfer rates; Impedance spectroscopy; Octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II); Self-assembled monolayer; Single-walled carbon nanotube; Surface pK a	Cyclic voltammetry; Esters; Gold; Iron compounds; pH effects; Redox reactions; Self assembled monolayers; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Electron transfer kinetics; Electron transfer rates; Impedance spectroscopy; Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899447485	Comparative capacity performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of commercial AA alkaline primary cells	Ferg E.E., Van Vuuren F.	2014	Electrochimica Acta	128	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.110	Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Ferg, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Van Vuuren, F., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Alkaline primary cells are a relatively inexpensive source of portable power and there is still a significant demand for them due to their lower retail costs, good shelf life and good energy densities. There is a range of imported and local brands available in South Africa that can differ in terms of their cost to the consumer and their performance. The study being reported here compared a range of seven different AA alkaline brands in terms of price and performance by discharging them using three different standard tests, namely at constant 250 mA current, motor/toy and photo-flash respectively. The study also used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to observe differences between the different cell brands at different stages of discharge during the different discharge test sequences. The results showed that all cell brands achieved similar discharge capacities for the low-power discharge test of around 1.7 Ah at a constant current of 250 mA with significant differences in their respective purchase prices. However, significantly better discharge capacities of around 1.4 Ah were achieved for the more expensive brands for the photo-flash test when compared to the cheaper brand, where only 0.4 Ah was achieved. Hence, one can get value for money by using cheaper brand cells for typical low-power applications such as digital clocks, while the more expensive brands are recommended for high-power applications. The results of the EIS analysis showed that the internal cell resistance of the cheaper branded cells was relatively higher when compared to the more expensive branded cells. The change in the cheaper cells' internal resistance was also comparatively higher when measured during the various stages of the discharge tests, especially during the photo-flash test. The EIS analysis also showed that certain new cells displayed an unusually high electrode capacitance and resistance when compared to the other cell types. This phenomenon then disappeared once the cells were slightly discharged to 1% of their respective capacities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	AA alkaline cells, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Capacity performance	Costs; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Capacity performance; Constant current; Discharge capacities; Electrode capacitance; High power applications; Internal cell resistance; Internal resistance; Low power application; Testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53849091665	Effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid as an additive on electrochemical performance of propylene carbonate-based electrolytes for lithium ion batteries	Wang B., Qu Q.T., Xia Q., Wu Y.P., Li X., Gan C.L., van Ree T.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	54	2	10.1016/j.electacta.2008.06.070	Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	Wang, B., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Qu, Q.T., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Xia, Q., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Wu, Y.P., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Li, X., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Gan, C.L., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; van Ree, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	The effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid (BA) as a new film-forming additive have been theoretically and experimentally studied for a graphite (CMS) electrode in propylene carbonate-based (PC) electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. Calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) method suggests that the energy of the LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of BA is lower than that of PC, consistent with the results of cyclic voltammograms that BA is reduced before PC. SEM, FT-IR and XPS measurements show that the reduced products of BA contribute in part to the effective SEI film on the graphite electrode surface. Discharge-charge measurements indicate that the addition of BA can effectively prevent the decomposition and the co-intercalation of PC, and lithium ions can reversibly intercalate into and deintercalate from the graphite electrode. These results show that addition of BA improves the electrochemical performance of graphite in PC-based electrolyte. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI)	Acids; Carbon; Density functional theory; Electric discharges; Electrolysis; Electrolytes; Graphite; Graphite electrodes; Ions; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium compounds; Molecular orbitals; Probability density function; Propylene; 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI); Electrochemical electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946709432	Effect of addition of different carbon materials on hydrogel derived carbon material for high performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Guellati O., Momodu D.Y., Harat A., Dangbegnon J.K., Guerioune M., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	186	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.189	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guellati, O., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Harat, A., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guerioune, M., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Activated carbon (AC) materials derived from addition of graphene foam, carbon nanotube and expended graphite mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were synthesized and tested for supercapacitor application. Although the AC obtained from expended graphite shows the smallest specific surface area (SAA), it exhibits the highest electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) performance with high rate capability and specific capacitance. This material tested in the symmetric configuration works in a large potential window of 1.6 V. More interestingly, the device made out this material gets better in terms of electrochemical performance when subjected to ageing effect with voltage holding for 100 hours. Some tentative reasons for such discrepancy between the SAA and the EDLC are explained. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	activated carbon; electrical double layer capacitor; specific surface area	Activated carbon; Capacitance; Capacitors; Carbon nanotubes; Electrochemical electrodes; Graphite; Specific surface area; Yarn; Electrical double layer capacitor; Electrical double-layer capacitances; Electrochemical performance; High performance electrochemical capacitors; High rate capability; Poly vinyl pyrrolidone; Specific capacitance; Supercapacitor application; Foams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911886774	Simonkolleite-graphene foam composites and their superior electrochemical performance	Momodu D.Y., Barzegar F., Bello A., Dangbegnon J., Masikhwa T., Madito J., Manyala N.	2014	Electrochimica Acta	151	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.015	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Dangbegnon, J., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Masikhwa, T., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Madito, J., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Simonkolleite-graphene foam (SimonK/GF) composite has been synthesized by a facile solvothermal and environmentally friendly technique with excellent electrochemical properties. The obtained product was initially analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The microscopy results reveal hexagonal sheets interlaced with each other and adjacent graphene sheets. The existence of graphene foam in the simonK/GF composite is further confirmed from the structural and the optical characteristics obtained from XRD and FTIR respectively. The BET results obtained indicate an improvement in the surface area due to the addition of graphene foam to a value of 39.58 m2 g-1. The N2 adsorption/desorption also shows the presence of active mesopores required for charge transport. As a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, the composite shows a high specific capacitance value of 1094 F/g at 1 A/g with a coulombic efficiency of 100% after 1000 cycles. These results show a potential for adoption of this composite in energy storage applications. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	composites; graphene foam; simonkolleite sheets; supercapacitor	Composite materials; Cyclic voltammetry; Electrolytic capacitors; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Graphene; Scanning electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Brunauer emmett tellers; Electrochemical performance; Energy storage applications; Fourier transform infra reds; Graphene foams; High specific capacitances; simonkolleite sheets; Super capacitor; Foams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940643337	Synthesis of 3D porous carbon based on cheap polymers and graphene foam for high-performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Fashedemi O.O., Dangbegnon J.K., Momodu D.Y., Taghizadeh F., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	180	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.148	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Fashedemi, O.O., Department of Chemistry, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Taghizadeh, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa	A scalable production of high surface area nanoporous carbon material (∼2994 m2 g-1) with good distribution of micro-, meso- and macro-pores was hydrothermally synthesized using both cheap polymers and graphene foam as carbon sources. The as synthesised material shows a unique interconnected porous graphitic structure. The electrochemical double-layer capacitor fabricated from this nanoporous carbon material exhibited a superior supercapacitive performance of 188 F g-1 at current density 0.5 A g-1. This corresponded to areal capacitance of 6.3 μF cm-2 coupled with a high energy of 0.56 μWh cm-2 (16.71 Wh kg-1) and a power density of 13.39 μW cm-2 (401 W kg-1) due to extended potential window of 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, no capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles was observed, owing to the unique structure and large surface area of the active material. The outstanding performance of this material as supercapacitor electrode shows that it has great potential for high performance energy-related applications. Crown Copyright © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Electrochemical performance; Equivalent circuit; Porous carbon; Supercapacitor	Capacitance; Capacitors; Electrolytic capacitors; Equivalent circuits; Graphene; Polymers; Porous materials; Electrochemical double-layer capacitors; Electrochemical performance; Graphitic structures; High performance electrochemical capacitors; Hydrothermally synthesized; Porous carbons; Super capacitor; Supercapacitor electrodes; Foams	University of Pretoria; UP, University of Pretoria
None	None	Performance of biofilm carriers in anaerobic digestion of sisal leaf waste leachate	Mshandete A.M., Björnsson L., Kivaisi A.K., Rubindamayugi M.S.T., Mattiasson B.	2008	Electronic Journal of Biotechnology	11	1	None	Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden	Mshandete, A.M., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Björnsson, L., Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden; Kivaisi, A.K., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Rubindamayugi, M.S.T., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mattiasson, B., Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden	Three methanogenic biofilm bioreactors were studied to evaluate the performance of three types of carriers. The carrier material were consisted of sisal fibre waste, pumice stone and porous glass beads, and the bioprocess evaluated was the methanogenesis anaerobic digestion of sisal leaf waste leachate. Process performance was investigated by increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) step-wise. The best results were obtained from the bioreactor packed with sisal fibre waste. It had the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies in the range of 80-93% at OLRs in the range of 2.4-25 g COD L -1d -1. The degradation pattern of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) showed that the degradation of propionate was limiting at higher OLRs. The stable pH and higher partial alkalinity (PA) of the outflow illustrated that packed-bed bioreactors have a good ability to withstand the variations in load and volatile fatty acid concentrations that can occur in a two-stage anaerobic process. In conclusion, sisal fibre waste was shown to be a novel promising biofilm carrier and would work very well in methanogenic biofilm bioreactors treating sisal leaf tissue waste leachate. Furthermore both sisal wastes are available in the neighbourhood of sisal industries, which makes anaerobic digestion scale up at sisal factory level feasible and cost-effective. © 2007 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso.	Biogas; Methanogenesis; Packed-bed bioreactors; Packing media	Biofilms; Biofilters; Bioreactors; Chemical oxygen demand; Chemical reactors; Civil aviation; Industrial chemicals; Leaching; Nonmetals; Oxygen; Removal; Wastewater treatment; Anaerobic (UASB); Bio films; Bio processes; Bio reactor; Biofilm carriers; Carrier materials; Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal; Leachate; Methanogenesis; Organic loading rate (OLD); Porous glasses; Process performance; Sisal fibre; Anaerobic digestion; fatty acid; alkalinity; article; biofilm; bioprocess; chemical oxygen demand; cost effectiveness analysis; leaching; methanogenesis; pH measurement; sisal; Agave sisalana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859116370	Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of ten leafy vegetables extracts commonly consumed by the Ghanaian population	Achel D.G., Mills R., Otchere J., Seyram E., Achoribo E., Adu-Bobi N.A.-K., Donkor S., Boatin R., Adom T., Adaboro R.M., Gomda Y.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	2	None	Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Achel, D.G., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Mills, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Otchere, J., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Seyram, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Achoribo, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adu-Bobi, N.A.-K., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Donkor, S., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Boatin, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adom, T., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adaboro, R.M., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Gomda, Y., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Ten traditional leafy vegetables commonly consumed by Ghanaians have been evaluated for their antioxidant potential based on their polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the plants studied the methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa), and Amaranthus incurvatus (aleefo) exhibited the highest phenolic content of 16.4 mg GAE/g dw and 11.3mg dw GAE/g respectively. The highest phenolic content for water extracts were seen in Manihot esculenta (cassava; 9.29mg GAE/g dw) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (shuuré; 7.28mg GAE/g dw) and C esculanta (7.11 mg GAE/g dw). The methanol extracts of H. sabdariffa (Shuuré), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaves), Manihot esculenta (cassava leaves) and Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa) recorded the highest flavonoid content (FC) of 99.14 μg QE/g dw, 70.20μg QE/g dw, 70.08μg QE/g dw and 63.37μg QE/g dw respectively. For the FC of the aqueous extracts the order was; A. incurvatus &gt; H. sabdariffa &gt; Talinum triangulare&gt; Colocasia esculenta &gt; M. esculenta &gt; V. amygdalina&gt; O. basilicum &gt; Solanum macrocarpon &gt; Launaea taraxacifolia &gt; Corchorus olitorius. A good positive correlation r 2= 0.663 was observed between polyphenolic content and antioxidant values for the aqueous extracts, however, no correlation was found between flavonoids, polyphenolics and total antioxidants. The study indicates that the leafy vegetables consumed by Ghanaians are potentially rich sources of dietary polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants, and might contribute important health and nutraceutical benefits to consumers.	Antioxidants; Free-radicals; Health benefits; Leafy vegetables; Phytochemicals	Amaranthus; Amaranthus hybridus; Colocasia esculenta; Corchorus olitorius; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Launaea; Manihot esculenta; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Solanum; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum triangulare; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953415633	Impact of heavy metal contamination of Akaki river of Ethiopia on soil and metal toxicity on cultivated vegetable crops	Prabu P.C.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	9	None	Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	Prabu, P.C., Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with polluted Akaki River water, Ethiopia on agricultural land. Samples of water, soil and different vegetables grown using Akaki River water have been analysed for seven heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that the heavy metals in Akaki water were higher than the natural elemental levels in freshwater. The heavy metals content in soil was higher than vegetable samples and the reason might be due to their strong adsorptive nature in soil (vertisol). The concentration of Cr in all vegetables was more than the maximum limit. The Cd accumulation was more in leafy vegetables than other vegetables under study. Metal transfer factors from soil to vegetables were significant for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Cd and accumulation of Cr and Ni was comparatively less while that of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn is more in vegetable plants.	Akaki water; Heavy metals; Soil; Vegetables and transfer factor	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455224710	Comparison of the performance, haematology and serum chemistry of Weaner pigs fed palm kernel cake with and without enzyme supplementation	Oluwafemi R.A., Akpodiete O.J.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	10	None	College of Agriculture, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria; Dept. of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Oluwafemi, R.A., College of Agriculture, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria; Akpodiete, O.J., Dept. of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	The effects of Palm kernel Cake with or without enzyme supplementation on the performance, haematology and serum chemistry of weaner pigs were compared in a study, which lasted for eighty four days. Thirty weaner pigs of the Large White x Duroc crossbreed with average initial live weight range of 10.5 to 14kg allotted into five groups were used. Five experimental diets in which Palm Kernel cake was used as replacement for maize were formulated as follows: Diet 1 (control) had 0% PKC and no enzyme inclusion, Diet 2 had 40% PKC and with enzyme, Diet 3 had 40% PKC and without enzyme, Diet 4 had 60% PKC with enzyme while Diet 5 had 60% PKC without enzyme. The animals were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The enzyme - Hemicel® was mixed with the PKC portion at the rate of 600g/ton before incorporation into the diets. Performance characteristics measured include: average daily gains (kg), average daily feed intake (kg), feed cost/gain (N), haematological and serological characteristics among others. The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in average daily gain (ADG), average total weight gain (ATWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The Red Blood Cell (RBC) of weaner pigs in treatment 4 (60%PKC + Enzyme) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the others while the mean haemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly (P<0.05) different among the treatment means. The Serum levels of Albumin and the Urea of the experimental animals were not affected by the experimental diets but the total protein was highest (P<0.05) for weaners in treatment 3 (40% PKC without enzyme) than those fed the remaining dietary treatments. There was however no deleterious effect of the dietary treatments on the experimental animals throughout the study period. Therefore up to 60% inclusion level of palm kernel cake with or without enzyme supplementation could be used as replacement for maize in weaner pig's ration.	Enzyme; Haematology; Palm kernel cake; Serum chemistry; Weaner pigs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650761334	Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the stability of metal soaps of trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil	Folarin O.M., Enikanoselu O.N.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	10	None	Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Folarin, O.M., Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Enikanoselu, O.N., Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The thermal behaviour of metal soaps of Trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil at 433, 453 and 473K was investigated and the thermodynamic parameters of the decomposition process determined. The kinetics of the decomposition was studied thermogravimetrically at various temperatures. The rates of the first stage decomposition were used to assess the effect of temperature on the susceptibility of metal soaps of Trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil. The values of rate constant are of the order 10-2min-1 and temperature-dependent. The enthalpy, entropy and free energy of activation for the decomposition of the metal soaps were determined. The thermodynamic values obtained showed that the system is endothermic and that the reaction process is a non-spontaneous one.	Decomposition; Energy of activation; Thermal stability; Thermodynamic parameters	Trichosanthes; Trichosanthes cucumerina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953354473	Comparative evaluation of predictive models in chromium adsorption	Okparanma R.N., Ayotamuno M.J., Akor A.J., Igoni A.H.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Okparanma, R.N., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayotamuno, M.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Igoni, A.H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this study, a comparative evaluation of first- and second-order kinetic models was carried out in order to evolve a better predictive model, as well as determine the limiting phenomenon, in the adsorption of chromium onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) during the tertiary treatment of the flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill cuttings (LP-OBDC). The treatment of the LP-OBDC was done by mixing 1g of commercial PAC with 100ml of the flocculation effluent of initial chromium concentration (Co) of 5.01mg/l in a flask using magnetic stirring at 25°C. The residual concentration of chromium in the liquid phase, C (mg/l), was measured after different stirring times of 15, 60, 120, 180 and 1440 minutes. Then, the adsorption q (mg/g) was found for each period. Results show that equilibrium was attained within 60 minutes of contact time and the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was 3.94mg/g indicating that the PAC was able to adsorb 78.64% of the chromium at initial PAC concentration of 10g/l of effluent. The first-order rate constant, K1 was 9.84 x 10-5min-1 and the second-order rate constant, K2 was 0.3644g/mgmin. Using the first-order kinetics, the value of the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was deduced as 3.47 mg/g, whereas; the qe deduced with the second-order kinetics was 3.96mg/g. When compared with the value of the qe obtained experimentally (i.e. 3.94mg/g), it shows that experimental data fitted the second-order kinetics relatively better than the first-order kinetics (with R2 = 0.999998), indicating that the second-order kinetic model could be used to predict chromium adsorption in the treatment process. This result also indicates that the limiting phenomenon in the treatment process was more of mechanisms of adsorption than mass transfer resistance.	Activated carbon adsorption; Chromium removal; Kinetic models; Oil-field drill cuttings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953238332	Evaluation of plough disc performance on sandy loan soil at different soil moisture levels	Olatunji O.M.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this research work, dimensional analysis was used to model the relationship between depth of cut, weight of disc plough and draught on a sandy loam soil. Field experiment was carried out on a site with three different moisture content levels at five different plough speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.4 and 2.78m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration of plough disc increased with an increased draught and soil moisture content. The depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil at different soil moisture levels. Also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage operation showed increased shear strength, bulk density and depth of cut.	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Shear strength	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953331511	Modeling the effect of weight and forward speed on the performance of disc plough	Olatunji O.M., Akor A.J., Ozogu B.A., Burubai W., Davies R.M.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Is	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ozogu, B.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Burubai, W., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this paper, the relationship between depth of cut, speed of ploughing as well as the weight of disc plough was modeled and investigated in mechanization. The effect of weight on depth of penetration of the disc plough was determined at three different speeds (1.39, 1.94 and 2.5m/s) at two different sites (A and B). Results generally reveal that depth of cut increase with increase in plough weight. Average depths of 15.45, 19.45 and 18.23cm were recorded at forward speeds of 1.39, 1.94 and 2.5m/s respectively at a corresponding weight range of 450 to 540kg. Furthermore validation of the developed model shows an acceptable agreement between the predicted and measured depth of cut as a function of the pertinent variables. Statistical data reveals 0.381 as the lowest standard error of estimate indicating the predictability of the model.	Disc plough; Modeling; Performance; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953429309	Effect of weight and draught on the performance of disc plough on sandy loam soil	Olatunji O.M., Burubai W., Davies R.M.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Is	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Burubai, W., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this research work, the relationship between depth of cut, increase in weight of disc plough as well as the draught has been investigated using dimensional analysis on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted on two sites with three different moisture contents level at five different speeds, (0.83m/s, 1.39m/s, 1.94 m/s, 2.5m/s and 2.78m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration decreased with an increase in draught and decrease in soil moisture content. From the two sites, the depth of cut was minimum at 4.91%, and maximum at 9.42% moisture content. Model validation produced a standard error of 0.681, 0.381 and 0.067 for the site with 4.91% moisture content and 0.173, 0.142 and 0.233 for the site with 9.42 percent moisture content which means that the model is accurate in the prediction of these variables. The lowest standard error was achieved at 1.94m/s speed in both plots. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil and also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types.	Disc plough; Draught; Loam soil; Sandy; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953355255	Climatic variability and its impacts on agricultural income and households' welfare in Southern and Northern Nigeria	Oyekale A.S.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyekale, A.S., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study assessed variability in some weather variables and its impacts on agricultural incomes in northern and southern Nigeria. To achieve these, we combined time series weather variables obtained from some meteorological stations in Nigeria with household cross-sectional data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The descriptive and regression methods were used to analyze the data. The results show high variability in some weather with rainfall exhibiting the highest variability between 1971 and 2003. Impacts of climatic changes on agricultural income and welfare were modeled with climaterelated variables like variability indices of annual for 1971-2003, actual annual rainfall data in 2003, time for gathering fuel wood, time for fetching water and season of interview. It was found that agricultural income and welfare in northern part of Nigeria will be more negatively affected by climatic changes than southern part. The study recommended development of alternative energy sources, promotion of irrigate agriculture and skill development for combating adverse climatic changes, among others.	Agricultural; Climatic variability; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956083220	Evaluation of the feeding potentials of Vitellaria paradoxa, Nauclea latifolia and Terminalia macroptera foliage as supplements to concentrate feed for grower rabbits	Yusuf A.M., Garba M.H., Olafadehan O.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	2	None	Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Yusuf, A.M., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Garba, M.H., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The feeding potentials of Vitallaria paradoxa, Nauclea latifolia and Terminalia macroptera foliage as supplements to concentrate diets for grower rabbits were studied over a 13-week period. A total of 18 crossbred growing rabbits of equal sexes, aged between 6-8 weeks with an average weight of 515g were randomly allotted to the three dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of two rabbits each in a completely randomized design. Nauclea latifolia had the highest and least crude protein and crude fibre, respectively, which were intermediate in Vitallaria paradoxa but lowest and highest, respectively, in Terminalia macroptera. Organic matter was highest in Vitallaria paradoxa and lowest in Nauclea latifolia. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gains were best in Nauclea latifolia followed by Vitallaria paradoxa and least in Terminalia macroptera (all (P&lt;0.05)). However, feed conversion ratio was similar (P&gt;0.05) among the treatments. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in Nauclea latifolia than in Vitallaria paradoxa and Terminalia macroptera. Average daily gain was significantly (R2 = 0.9998) influenced by ADFI and DMD. The forages have potentials to support growth of grower rabbits, with Nauclea latifolia forage having the best potential, followed by Vitallaria paradoxa and then Terminalia macroptera.	Feeding potential; Grower rabbit; Nauclea latifolia; Terminalia macroptera; Vitallaria paradoxum	Nauclea latifolia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Terminalia; Terminalia macroptera; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956067293	Evaluation of Detarium microcarpum pulp meal as feed ingredient in rabbits diets	Obun C.O., Yahaya S.M., Kibon A.A., Olafadehan O.A., Alison S.D.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	2	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Federal University of Technology, P.M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno	Obun, C.O., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Yahaya, S.M., Federal University of Technology, P.M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Kibon, A.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Alison, S.D., Federal University of Technology, P.M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	A 12-week study was conducted to investigate response of weaner rabbits to diets containing graded levels, 0, 5, 10 and 15%, of dietary Detarium microcarpum fruit pulp meal (DFPM).Twenty-four, 4-week-old mixed breed weaner rabbits divided into 4 groups of 6 rabbits were randomly assigned to the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The results of the phytochemical assay shows that DFPM contained tannins (0.023%) whereas saponins, phytate, oxalates and hydrogen cyanides were not detected. Feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in 15% DFPM than in the control diet. Daily weight gain, nutrients intake, protein to gain ratio and feed conversion ratio were not (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Similarly, nutrients digestibility was similar (P > 0.05) among the treatments. However, cost of feeding and feed cost per kg body weight gain (BWG) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of DFPM in the diets. Cost differential per kg BWG, savings of feed cost and relative cost benefit per kg BWG significantly (P < 0.05) varied among the diets; the rank order is: 15% > 10% > 5% DFPM. The impressive performance and comparative cost advantage suggests that DFPM is an economic viable alternative feedstuff and can be used up to 15% in the diets of weaner rabbits.	Detarium fruit pulp meal; Digestibility; Economic analysis; Performance; Rabbits	Detarium; Detarium microcarpum; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863769111	Effect of concentrate feed restriction with ad libitum forage feeding on performance and carcass yield of growing rabbit	Adeyemi O.A., Akanji A.O.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akanji, A.O., Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Effect of concentrate feed restriction in the presence of ad libitum forage (Tridax procumbens) feeding on performance, carcass yield and relative organ weights were investigated in weaner rabbits in a humid tropical environment in Nigeria. 36 growing rabbits of mixed breed (Chinchilla x Dutch x California White) and sexes with an average weight of 600g were assigned to three feeding regimen in a completely randomized design. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The three feeding regimen were: (A) ad libitum concentrate feeding + ad libitum forage feeding (control), (B) skip-a-day concentrate feeding/week + ad libitum forage feeding and (C) skip-2- days concentrate feeding/week + ad libitum forage feeding. The forage used was air-dried Tridax procumbens. Drinking water was supplied free-choice throughout the duration of the experiment. Each treatment group was replicated six times with two rabbits housed in the same cage serving as replicate. Weight gain (Total and Average daily), final body weight, Feed intake (Total and Average daily) and feed: gain ratio of rabbits were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatment groups. Although feed intake was not different among the three treatments, however concentrate intake (Total and average daily), forage intake (total and average daily) as well as percentage concentrate and forage in daily feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatments. Total concentrate intake was significantly higher in rabbits on treatment A (ad libitum feeding) compared with rabbits on treatment B which was also significantly higher than the intake on treatment C. ad libitum fed rabbits consumed 10.75 and 25.94% concentrates more than rabbits on skip-a-day and skip-twodays per week concentrate feeding. Daily concentrate intake reduced from 33.35g on treatment A to 29.76g and 24.69g in treatment B and C respectively. The daily forage intake however increased with severity of concentrate restriction, the trend being C > B > A. The Concentrate percentage of daily feed intake reduced with increased severity of concentrate restriction while that of forage increased with concentrate restriction from 56.15% in ad libitum concentrate fed group to the highest amount of 68.45% in rabbits on skip-two-days of concentrate feeding per week. Dressing percentage and retail cuts were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding regime. Similarly the physical structure and weights of internal organs (livers, kidneys, lungs and hearts) were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). The results obtained from this study showed that rabbits can be subjected to two days skipping of concentrate feed per week with ad libitum forage feeding without compromising performance and carcass measurements.	Feeding regimen; Forage; Performance; Rabbits; Skip-a-day; Skip-two-days	Menticirrhus undulatus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Tridax procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251549775	Evaluation of the proximate and phytochemical compositions of fermented raw and fermented napoleona imperialis seed and their feeding values on finisher broilers	Uchegbu M.C., Okere C.C., Ogbuewu I.P., Okoli I.C., Nwaodu C.H., Ezeokeke C.T., Anyanwu G.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	10	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Uchegbu, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okere, C.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ogbuewu, I.P., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoli, I.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Nwaodu, C.H., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ezeokeke, C.T., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Anyanwu, G.A., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The high cost of commercial poultry feeds in Nigeria has necessitated the search for alternative protein sources. Ripe N. imperialis seeds (NISs) were harvested with the pods opened, the seeds extracted, and sun dried for 7 days. A portion of the sundried NIS was milled to produce the raw N. imperialis seed meal (NISM) while, the remaining portion was soaked in water for 4 days, sundried and milled to produce soaked NISM. Samples of raw and soaked NISMs were taken to the laboratory to determine its proximate and phytochemical compositions. Phytate, tannins, HCN, alkaloids, saponins and metabolisable energy value of the raw NISs were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the processing methods used. Birds on control diet performed significantly (p<0.05) better than those on 10% soaked NISM diet in terms of average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio but similar (p>0.05) to those on 5% raw and 5% soaked NISMs. The average daily weight gain of birds on 5% raw and 10% soaked NISMs was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control group. It is concluded that soaking for 4 days in water do not reduce the anti-nutritional content of N. imperialis seeds to a tolerable level for broilers.	Broilers; Novel seeds; Performance; Phytochemistry; Proximate composition	Aves; Napoleona imperialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957565234	Evaluation of dried leaf meal of an ethnomedicinal plant-neem-on linear growths and reproductive tract morphometry of rabbit does	Ogbuewu I.P., Okoro V.M., Okoli I.C., Iloeje M.U.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	4	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Ogbuewu, I.P., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoro, V.M., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoli, I.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Iloeje, M.U., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Linear body changes and reproductive tract morphometric characteristics of rabbit does fed graded levels of neem leaf meal (NLM) based diets for 16 weeks were investigated. Thirty-six does were divided into 4 treatment groups of 9 rabbits each and the groups were randomly assigned to the 4 treatment diets with diet 1(control) containing no NLM while diet 2, 3 and 4 contained 5%, 10% and 15% NLM respectively, in a completely randomized design experiment. The ovarian weights of does on the control group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other three groups. Paired oviductal weights of the group fed control diet (standard diet) were significantly (p<0.05) heavier than the groups fed 5% and 10% NLM diets, but similar (p>0.05) to the group fed 15% NLM diet. The length of uterine horn and weight of cervix of the control rabbits were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment diets. The weight of whole reproductive tract of the rabbits on 0% NLM were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the groups fed 5% and 10% NLM diets, but similar (p>0.05) to the group on 15% NLM diet. All the other parameters were similar (p>0.05) among the various treatment groups. The results suggest that rabbit does could tolerate up to 15% NLM without deleterious effects on body linear parameters and reproductive tract morphometry.	Growth; Neem; Rabbit; Reproductive tract	Azadirachta indica; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960426080	Sex influence on performance of West African Dwarf goats	Idiong N.B., Udom G.N.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Idiong, N.B., Department of Animal Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Nigeria; Udom, G.N., Department of Crop Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria	The performance of thirty West African Dwarf goats (15 males and 15 females) intensively fed on five fodder diets were compared, to determine the influence of animal sex on the parameters studied. The parameters evaluated were feed intake, apparent digestibility, body weight, body weight gains, feed conversion ratio and reproductive performance. Mean intake values for male and female goats were 2.03kg and 2.77kg respectively, indicating that the experimental does consumed more feed than the bucks. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in apparent dry matter digestibility with the females exhibiting superiority over the males. Similar results were recorded for body weight and feed conversion ratio. Effect of sex on weight gain was not significant (p>0.05). However, male goats exhibited puberty characteristics earlier than females. The mean live weight at puberty were 7.81kg and 8.68kg for the bucks and does respectively.	Dwarf goats; Sex; West African	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958455506	Impact of soluble metal salts and crude oil contaminants on water retention capacity of soil and protein content of Zea mays	Ezeonu C.S.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	5	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Ezeonu, C.S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	This study seek to maintain what is observable in a real environmental deteriorative field involving medium to large scale of metal salts applicable when in excess in an agricultural land as well as spillage of crude oil. Specifically, calculated quantities of soluble metal salts and crude oil were used in the contamination of a given quantity of soil microcosm consisting of 8 grams per group, and certain biotic and abiotic components (protein content and percentage water retention capacity) investigated after duplication of each soil microcosm. The study groups include: unspiked soil (Control A), spiked soil (Control B) as well as treatments of 5, 10 and 20% w/w (Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)/soil).The result of the study was quite informative, illustrating the fact that crude oil reduces the amount of protein produced in Zea mays. The spiked soil also showed that soluble metal salt when in excess can reduce the amount of protein produced in Zea mays although not as much as crude oil. Crude oil contamination also increased the percentage of water retained in the soil more than soils containing spike metal salts. The unspiked soil had the highest protein production in Zea mays and the least percentage water retaining ability.	Contaminated soil; Controls; Crude oil; Experimental groups; Percentage water retention; Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC); Protein content; Soluble metal salts; Spiked soil; Unspiked soil	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958464771	Biochemical evaluation of serum metabolites, Enzymes and haematological indices of broilerchicks fed with varying levels of rumen epithelial scraps in place of fish meal proteins	Alikwe P.C.N., Faremi A.Y., Egwaikhide P.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	6	None	Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	Alikwe, P.C.N., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Faremi, A.Y., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Egwaikhide, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effect of various inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins on the feed intake, nitrogen retention, serum metabolites, enzymes and haematological parameters in broiler-chicks in their finisher phase were examined. Five set of meal with 0%, 25%, 50%,75% and 100% inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins were formulated. 100 day old chicks were fed a nutritionally sound starter mash for four weeks after which they were randomly divided into five groups and placed on the various formulated diets. The feed intake and the weight gain in each group was measured for the following twenty one days after which the birds were sacrificed. Nitrogen retention, serum proteins, liver enzyme activities and haematological evaluation were carried out. The feed intake, nitrogen retention and the weight gain in broiler-chicks fed 75% and 100% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50%RES inclusion diet. The albumin/globulin ratio in broiler-chicks fed 100%RES inclusion diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of broiler-chicks in other groups. Mean cell heamoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume(MCV) in broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 75% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 50% and 100% RES inclusion diet. However neutrophils of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50% RES inclusion diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 75% and 100% RES inclusion diets. The pack cell volume(PCV), haemoglobin concentration(HBC), white blood cell(WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes compared favourably in all the groups. The liver alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase acivities in all the groups examined compared favourably. We infer that the 25% and 50% RES inclusion as substitute for fish meal protein could be employed to maintain the quality of the broiler-chicks while minimizing the high cost of whole fish meal since RES is an abattoir by-product that is available locally.	Abattoir; Broiler-chicks; Diet; Fish meal; Rumen epithelial scrap	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960952091	Evaluation of some heavy metals in tilapia nicolitica found in selected rivers in Bayelsa state	Godwin J., Vaikosen N.E., Njoku C.J., Sebye J.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	7	None	Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of	Godwin, J., Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Vaikosen, N.E., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Njoku, C.J., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Sebye, J., Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	There are numerous environmental problems associated with up-stream petroleum operations. Various drilling chemicals containing heavy metals are used and thereby released into the aquatic environment. Some of these metals are toxic and bio-accumulate in aquatic organism.Tilapia fish (tilapia nicolitica sp.) was collected from four fishing communities in Bayelsa State which had witnessed oil exploration and exploitation activities since early 1970s to date. Dry samples from studied locations were separated into flesh, gills and head. These parts were dry-ashed and analysed with spectrochemical methods for the heavy metals Cadmium, Cobalt, Lead, Nickel and Vanadium. The concentrations ranges were; Cadmium 0.09 mgKg -1 - 5.50 mgKg -1, Cobalt 5-10 mgKg -1 - 11-70 mgKg -1, Lead 1.20 mgKg -1 - 61.20 mgKg -1 and Nickel 2.10 mgKg -1 - 13.0 mgKg -1. Vanadium was below detection limit of 0.05 mgKg -1. The gills and head were found to have higher concentrations of the metals than the flesh in most of the samples.	Aquatic environment; Bioaccumulation; Cichlid fish; Dry-ashing; Spectrochemical methods; Toxicity	Cichlidae; Tilapia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956024389	Impact of tannery and textile effluent on the chemical characteristics of Challawa river, Kano state, Nigeria	Akan J.C., Abdulrahman F.I., Ayodele J.T., Ogugbuaja V.O.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	10	None	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano State, Nigeria	Akan, J.C., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria; Abdulrahman, F.I., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria; Ayodele, J.T., Department of Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano State, Nigeria; Ogugbuaja, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria	The impact of effluent from tanneries and textile on the chemical characteristics of Challawa River was carried out for a periods of one year. Water samples were collected on quarterly basis beginning from the months of June to September, 2007 (Rainy season), November, 2007 - February, 2008 (Harmattan period) and March - May, 2008 (Dry season) to reflect the seasonal factors. Water samples from these areas were collected and designated S1 to S8 for the determinations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), Dissolved oxygen (DO) total dissolved solid (TDS), anions and trace element. These parameters were determined using standard procedures. The concentrations of BOD (40.20±42.65 to 33.91±678.36mg/l.), COD (158.00±3439.11 to 15.41±210.33mg/l), %TOC (0.21 to 5.54%) were higher than the WHO limits for the protection of fish and other aquatic life. The concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediment samples were higher than the WHO guideline values for the protection of aquatic life. This is expected owing to its location close to tanneries and textile industries. Results of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that BOD, COD, DO, TOC, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphate, heavy metals and chloride were significantly different among the sampling points and seasons with exception of point S1-S3 where the was no marked seasonal variations. Point S5 which is the control point (upstream) recorded the lowest concentrations for all the parameters studied. The relationship between %TOC with BOD and COD; TDS with BOD and COD were also observed. The Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediment samples revealed significantly positive correlated values. Base on the above results, the study underscores the need for immediate remediation programs to control the discharged of tanneries and textile effluent into Challawa River.	Challawa river; Chemical characteristics; Impact; Tannery and textile effluent	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953331985	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive value of smooth luffa (Luffa Cylindrica) seed's kernel	Olaofe O., Okiribiti B.Y., Aremu M.O.	2008	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	7	10	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Olaofe, O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Okiribiti, B.Y., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Proximate, mineral and amino acid composition of smooth luffa (Luffa cylindrica) seeds kernel were investigated using standard analytical techniques. The results gave proximate composition in percentage as: total ash (4.4), organic matter (95.6), moisture (5.8), crude fat (32.7), crude protein (43.1), crude fibre (2.5) and carbohydrate (13.6). Mineral composition (mg/100g sample) of K, Na, Fe, Zn, P, Ca and Mg were 930.0, 26.0, 5.3, 1.0, 700.0, 40.0 and 18.0, respectively which showed that K was the most highly concentrated mineral. The total amino acid was 67.58g/100g crude protein while arginine (Arg) was the most highly concentrated essential amino acid (5.1g/100g protein). The Luffa cylindrica kernel sample had a balance content of essential amino acid in Phe + Tyr alone with respect to the FAO/WHO provisional pattern while supplementation may be required in Ile, Leu, Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Val. The calculated isoelectric point (pI), predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) and first limiting amino acid were 3.66, 1.49 and Lys, respectively.	Amino acids; Luffa cylindrica kernel; Mineral; Proximate composition	Luffa; Luffa aegyptiaca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56749160093	Impacts of natural and anthropogenic multiple sources of pollution on the environmental conditions of Ondo State coastal water, Nigeria	Adebowale K.O., Agunbiade F.O., Olu-Owolabi B.I.	2008	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	7	4	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agunbiade, F.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The pollution status of the coastal water of Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated and found to be stressed by pollutants from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Solids (total solids, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids), alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical and chemical oxygen demand were evaluated as measures of environmental pollution of the area. Also, some ionic and metal components were analysed. Principal component analysis and linear correlation model of the data revealed that the coastal water was negatively impacted by pollutants from related anthropogenic sources and natural sources and that atmospheric precipitation and tidal activities ensure the perfect mix of the pollutants across the site. Seawater intrusion and erosion of the soil into the coastal water are natural activities stressing the water that it may not support uses. The observed DO of the water system was high (mean value - 7.85mgO2/L) due to tidal agitation while the BOD also were lower than 3mgO2/L in most sites. However, the concentrations of chloride and sulphate in the water system were on the high side ranging from 13,074-17,366mg/L and 2,119 - 3,143mg/L respectively. The metal components investigated were beneficial to human health but exist in concentration too high for human consumption. Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were found to be anthropogenic metals from related sources in this coastal area having correlated positively and significantly with measures of organic matter and each other. There were also indications of natural contributions of Fe, Mn &amp; Cu from the soil of the coastal area. Therefore, there is a growing need to monitor and control the release of pollutant into the coastal water system of developing countries having been overlooked.	Anthropogenic activities; Metals; Ondo Coast; PCA; Pollution; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953343350	Preliminary toxicological evaluation and effect of the seed oil of Hura crepitans and Blighia Unijugata Bak on the lipid profile of rat	Oderinde R.A., Ajayi I.A., Adewuyi A.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	3	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Oderinde, R.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ajayi, I.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adewuyi, A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	A preliminary investigation of the possible toxicity effect of the seed oil of Hura crepitans and Blighia unijugata bak was carried on histopathology, some haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rats. The rats were divided into five groups (A, B, C and D were fed with 5% of the test oils, E served as control without oil and F was fed with 5% of known edible oil) and fed for twelve weeks. The phytochemical screening of these oils reveals the presence of glycoside, steroid and flavonoid. The highest body weight gain was found in the group fed with oil from Blighia unijugata bak (AR). There was a general difference in the weight of the kidney of all the test groups when compared with that of the control. No death or clinical sign of toxicity was observed in any of the groups. The study shows no severe damage to the liver but the possibility of cellular lipotoxicity based on the alteration of the lipid profile.	Blighia unijugata bak; Haematology; Histopatology; Hura crepitance; Oil; Toxicity	Blighia; Blighia unijugata; Hura; Hura crepitans; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953354478	Evaluation of the mineral nutrients, characterization and some possible uses of Blighia Unijugata Bak seed and seed oil	Oderinde R.A., Ajayi I.A., Dewuyi A.A.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	2	None	Department Of Chemistry, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan-Oyo State, Nigeria	Oderinde, R.A., Department Of Chemistry, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan-Oyo State, Nigeria; Ajayi, I.A., Department Of Chemistry, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan-Oyo State, Nigeria; Dewuyi, A.A., Department Of Chemistry, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan-Oyo State, Nigeria	The Kernel (KL), Aril (AL) and mixture of the Kernel and Aril (KAL, in ratio 1:1)of Blighia Unijugata Bak were analyzed for their proximate composition, physico-chemical characteristics and levels (ppm) of selected toxic trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) and macro nutrients (Na, K, Mg and Ca). The oil yield was 50,82% for AL, 14.15% for KL and 29.00% for KAL. The saponification and iodine value suggest their use in liquid soap, shampoo and oil based ice cream production. The crude protein was 19.90% for AL, 14.00% for KL and 16.70% for KAL. The moisture content of AL (3.30%) was the lowest compared to those of KL (6.10%) and KAL (4.70%), which indicates that the shell-life of AL is the best. Triacylglycerol was found to be the dominant lipid species in the oil with KL (90.80%) being higher than AL. Sterol was also the major component of the unsaponifiable matter. The concentrations of the macronutrients were high with K (1559 + 0.78 ppm) being the highest in KAL. The concentration of the trace metals also differs, with Zn (46.77 + 0.01 ppm) being the highest in KL. The oils extracted from them were also found to be rich in macronutrients and contain considerable amount of the trace metals in this trend. They are good source of minerals and there is the possibility of considering them as feed supplements and their oils being considered for edible purpose and industrial applications.	Blighia Unijugata Bak; Characterization; Lipid; Mineral; Proximate	Blighia; Blighia unijugata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957836221	Evaluation of the biological effects of leaf extracts of jatropha curcas against sitophilus zeamais (coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Jide-Ojo C., Ojo O.O.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	5	None	Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Yola, Nigeria; Chevron Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria	Jide-Ojo, C., Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Yola, Nigeria; Ojo, O.O., Chevron Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria	This study assessed the grain protectant potentials of leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas. Its effects on inhibition of oviposition as well as F1 progeny production by S. zeamis on grains pre-treated with graded doses of the plant extracts were examined. The results obtained showed that the extract significantly inhibited oviposition in a dose dependent manner. About 26.62% and 76.49% inhibition of oviposition were obtained for the lowest (5% w/v) and highest (100% w/v) concentrations of the extract tested repsetcively. The same trend was observed for F1 progeny production with suppression of 10.88% and 77.69% obtained for 5% w/v and 100% w/v respectively. The study further examined the insecticidal and antifeedant effects of the plant extract. Results obtained showed that a dose-dependent insectidical and antifeedant effects were observed. The lowest incidence of insect mortality and higher number of grain damage were observed in grains pre-treated with the lowest of plant extract while the highest incidence of insect mortality and lowest grain damage was observed in grains pre-treated with the highest concentration (100% w/v) of plant extract. Future work will examine the potentials of other extracts of J. curcas.	Biological effects; Evaluation; Jatropha curcas; Leaf; Sitophilus zeamais	Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Hexapoda; Jatropha curcas; Sitophilus zeamais	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649970133	Comparative analysis of the early growth performance of indigenous acacia species in revegetating Trojan nickel mine tailings in Zimbabwe	Dafana M.M., Nyakudya I.W., Katsvanga C.A.T., Jimu L.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	8	None	Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Dafana, M.M., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Nyakudya, I.W., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Katsvanga, C.A.T., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Jimu, L., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Indigenous acacia species are preferred in mine dump revegetation because of their ability to colonize hostile environments, enhance soil fertility and meet the livelihood and cultural needs of local communities. This study compared early growth performance of three vindigenous Acacia species namely A. gerrardii, A. karroo and A. polyacantha established on Nickel Mine tailings amended with top soil, sewage sludge, and compound fertilizer. Growth performance in height and root collar diameter (RCD) were measured monthly using a meter rule and a veneer caliper respectively and survival was determined at the end of a six-month period. A completely randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated three times was used. Survival and relative growth rates in height and RCD (RGRh and RGRd), were tested for significant differences among treatments through analysis of variance using SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 (2006). Overall, there were no significance differences (P>0.05) in survival among the Acacia species but variation in survival (P>0.05) was observed among amendments. Species growth performance also varied (P > 0.05) among amendment materials and across species. It was concluded all the three pecies can be used in revegetation of nickel mine tailings dumps under similar conditions.	Acacia; Amendments; Growth performance; Indigenous; Nickel tailings; Survival	Acacia; Acacia gerrardii; Acacia karroo; Acacia polyacantha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953436500	Evaluation of the pasting and some functional properties of starch isolated from some improved cassava varieties in Nigeria	Ikegwu O.J., Nwobasi V.N., Odoh M.O., Oledinma N.U.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	8	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Ikegwu, O.J., Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nwobasi, V.N., Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Odoh, M.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Oledinma, N.U., Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Improved cassava of 13 cultivars [NR01/004, NR01/0161, NR01/0071, CR14A-1, CR.41-10, AR38-3, TMS01/0040, TMS01/1086, TMS00/0210, TMS00/0203, TMS00/0214, TMS30572CK and Local Best Ck] were converted into starch and analysed for some functional and pasting properties. Variations were observed in the functional properties of the starch samples; water absorption capacity ranged from 59.75-68.02%; oil absorption capacity 60.70-80.01%; swelling power 5.49-6.92% and solubility index 4.25-5.96%. Significant differences (P&lt;0.05) were observed in the functional properties of the starch samples. The peak viscosity, ranged from 74.25-178.25RVU. Starch from the Local Best Ck had the highest peak viscosity (at a temperature of 63.800C in 3.68 minutes) and TMS01/0040 had the lowest (at 63.900C in 3.88 minutes). The breakdown viscosity ranged from 56.50-107.75RVU with starch from Local Best Ck having the highest and starch from TMS01/0040 had the lowest. The final viscosity ranged from 21.50-111.33RVU. Starch from Local Best Ck had the highest and that from TMS00/0203 had the lowest. The setback viscosity ranged between 9.75-49.25RVU with starch from Local Best Ck having the highest and that from TMS01/0040 having the lowest. The pasting temperature ranged from 63.00-64.700C, with starch from TMS00/0214 having the highest and that from NR01/0161 having the lowest. There were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in the pasting properties of the starch samples. The apparent starch amylose ranged from 13.88-16.35% with Local Best Ck having the highest and that from AR 38-3 having the lowest; percentage starch content ranged between 48.25-52.05%. The Local Best Ck had the highest and that from TMS00/0203 had the lowest. Significant differences were observed in the amylase and starch contents of the cassava cultivars.	Functional and pasting properties; Improved cassava; Starch	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960402524	Quality evaluation of weaning food produced from blend of ofada rice (Oryza sativa) and bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranean L.)	Adebayo-Oyetoro A.O., Olatidoye O.P., Ogundipe O.O., Balogun O.I., Faboya A.O.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	6	None	Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Adebayo-Oyetoro, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Olatidoye, O.P., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Ogundipe, O.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Balogun, O.I., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Faboya, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Ofada rice and bambara ground nut were processed into flour, mixed in the ratios of 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 respectively and chemical, functional, rheological and sensory properties were evaluated. Data obtained indicated a decreasing trend with increases in the level of substitution with respects to water absorption and swelling capacities while the bulk density increases with increase in level of substitution. Proximate composition data indicated an increasing level of protein, fat, ash, 19.64-21.10%; 4.78-6.1% and 1.78-2.0% respectively. Carbohydrate content decreased with increasing level of substitution with bambara nut (64.5-58.8%).The peak viscosity of unsubtituted flour was significantly higher them other samples (p<0.05). Similar trends were obtained with respect to breakdown. Apart from adding value and varieties to meal due to textural improvement, fortifying ofada rice with bambara flour at 20% level would produce a more nutritionally balance and acceptable product which will reduce problem of food security among children in Nigeria where malnutrition due protein deficiency is prevalent.	Bambara nut; Functional properties; Ofada rice; Rheological properties; Weaning food	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Oryza sativa; Voandzeia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957848401	Nutritional evaluation of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) seeds and fruit as source of feeds in aquaculture	Sotolu A.O., Kigbu A.A., Oshinowo J.A.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	5	None	Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Sotolu, A.O., Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Kigbu, A.A., Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Oshinowo, J.A., Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The present study was conducted to find out the nutritional values of Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm) flesh and seeds to be used as components in fish feeds for enhanced feed utilization efficiency. Dried (DD) and Semi-dried (SD) date fruits were purchased from Lafia main market. The samples were separated, milled and analyzed for proximate components and mineral elements using standard methods of the AOAC. Physical assessment of the samples showed that the weight (%) of flesh was found to be higher than weight of seed for both dried (DD) and semidried (SD) dates (90.38±2.58, 9.62± 1.80 and 94.69±2.15, 5.31±1.60) respectively. Proximate analysis showed that dry matter contents were higher in flesh of DD and SD (95.90±0.12% and 96.93±0.07% respectively) while their respective seeds yielded 94.82 ±0.4 and 94.22±0.30%. Results further showed that the crude protein and carbohydrate were found to be higher in the flesh of both DD and SD than their seeds (P<0.05) while ash, crude fibre and crude lipids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the seeds than flesh of the dates. The estimated energy value was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the seeds {1198.70±2.20 and 1007.58±1.00 (KJ/100g)} than the flesh {1183.45±3.10 and 992.67±2.10 (KJ/100g)} of DD and SD respectively. Mineral analysis indicated that both seeds and flesh of dates contain appreciable concentrations (mg/100g) of Ca; Mg; P; K; Na; Fe; Cu and Zn. However, moisture level affects mostly mineral composition of date and other nutrients. It could be inferred from the present study generally, that date flesh would serve a good source of fish feed additives while its seeds would best be used as a source of energy for improved feed utilization efficiency.	Additives; Date palm; Feed utilization efficiency; Flesh; Seed	Phoenix dactylifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649918906	Quality evaluation of plain-stirred probiotic yoghurt produced from skim and whole milk powder during refrigerated storage	Obi T.E., Henshaw F.O., Atanda O.O.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	7	None	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, PMB 2240, Nigeria	Obi, T.E., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, PMB 2240, Nigeria; Henshaw, F.O., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, PMB 2240, Nigeria; Atanda, O.O., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, PMB 2240, Nigeria	Study was carried out to evaluate changes in chemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of plain-stirred probiotic yoghurt produced from skim and whole milk powder during 35days refrigerated storage at 4°C. The pH and total solids (%) decreased while total titratable acidity increased but no change in the fat contents of both types of yoghurt. The decrease in the pH was as a result of acidity developed by the samples under the storage condition. There was no significant decrease in the total plate count for the first 14days, subsequently, a significant decrease was observed. No yeast, mould or coliforms were found in both samples of yoghurt. Colour, consistency, taste and flavour of both types of yoghurt did not change over the storage period. However, despite these changes in the quality attributes of both samples of the plain-stirred probiotic yoghurt, overall, both samples were still acceptable at the end of the storage period.	Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Plain-stirred; Probiotic; Skim milk; Storage; Streptococcus thermophilus; Whole milk; Yoghurt	Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus; Streptococcus thermophilus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953347219	Multi-locational evaluation of cowpea grain yield and other reproductive characters in the forest and southern guinea savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria	Akande S.R., Balogun M.O.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B.5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akande, S.R., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B.5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Balogun, M.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B.5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ten cowpea varieties were evaluated for grain yield and other reproductive characters at three locations within the forest and southern guinea savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria for two years. Significant effects of year, location, variety and year x location interactions were observed for most of the parameters evaluated. Among the varieties average number of days to 50% flowering ranged from 41.89 to 50.06 days. Pod length had a mean value of 14.90cm and that of number of seeds per pod was 12.35. One hundred seed weight varied from 14.52g to 16.44g. Grain yield also ranged from 915. 14 to 1173.40 kg/ha with IT97D-941-1 having the best yield. Significantly higher grain yield was recorded in 2006 with a mean value of 1137.17kg/ha than 2007 (980.11 kg/ha). Among the locations average grain yield at Ballah (southern guinea savanna), Ikenne (forest) and Ilora (derived savanna) were 1016.56 kg/ha, 884.96 kg/ha and 1274.41 kg/ha respectively. GGE biplot analysis showed that genotype x location interaction was responsible for greater proportion of variation (57.61%). The analysis was also used to identify suitable cowpea varieties for each of the three locations under consideration.	Cowpea; Forest; Grain yield; Multi-location; Reproductive characters; Savanna	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52249103111	Evaluation of the potential of using the modified Jensen-Haise model as an irrigation scheduling technique in Zimbabwe	Jabulani J.	2008	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	7	3	None	Irrigation and Water Engineering Department, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Jabulani, J., Irrigation and Water Engineering Department, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	The majority of farmers in Zimbabwe do not practice any form of irrigation scheduling at all. The few that schedule their crops mainly use the US Bureau Class A Pan evaporimeter. Techniques such as the use of tensiometers, neutron probes, electrical resistance blocks, Time Domain Reflectrometry and also such methods as the Penman-Monteith still remain within the domain of researchers, and may be just a few commercial farmers. The accuracy of the pan evaporimeter is dependent upon several factors which the majority of farmers fail to take cognizance of. A need to develop or try another method which can be easier to use by farmers has long been outstanding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the modified Jensen-Haise (MJH) model calibrated to the local conditions of Banket area in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. The results showed that the daily evapotranspiration rates estimated using the MJH model were less fluctuating than those measured using the pan evaporimeter. The two methods gave monthly and annual values of the evapotranspiration rate that were comparable (standard estimation error of 7.98% and 6.19% respectively). According to these results the MJH model calibrated for local Banket area can be used successfully for irrigation scheduling and also for hydrological modeling and planning. The study also revealed that the MJH model is strongly sensitive to air temperature. During winter, the MJH model gave values that were lower than those measured from the pan evaporimeter and during summer when temperatures are high, the MJH model proportioned evapotranspiration rates which were generally higher than those from the pan evaporimeter.	Class pan evaporimeter; Irrigation scheduling; Modified Jensen-Haise model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749148202	Evaluation of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations in the fish head/viscera of oreochromis niloticus and synodontis schall of River Galma, Zaria, Nigeria	Nnaji J.C., Uzairu A., Harrison G.F.S., Balarabe M.L.	2007	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	6	10	None	National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa, Nigeria; Dept. of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello Universty, Zaria, Nigeria; Dept. of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello Universty, Zaria, Nigeria	Nnaji, J.C., National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa, Nigeria; Uzairu, A., Dept. of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello Universty, Zaria, Nigeria; Harrison, G.F.S., Dept. of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello Universty, Zaria, Nigeria; Balarabe, M.L., Dept. of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello Universty, Zaria, Nigeria	River Galma was demarcated into Upstream and downstream areas. Oreochromis niloticus and Synodontis schall were caught with cast net from twenty sampling points. Weight, standard and total lengths of the fish samples were measured. The samples were dissected to separate the fish head/viscera from other parts. They were digested with concentrated acid solution and the digests analysed with flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Mean metal contents in the fish head/viscera of O. niloticus in the upstream area were: Cd, 0.020 ±0.0105; Cr, 0.149 ±0.063; Cu, 0.90 ±0.225; Pb, 0.618 ±0.250; Zn, 8.3 ±1.44 and values for S. schall were: Cd, 0.036 ±0.0286; Cr, 0.435 ±0.335; Cu, 1.85 ±0.79; Pb, 0.412 ±0.276 and Zn, 15.74 ±2.03. In the downstream area, mean metal contents in the fish head/viscera of O. niloticus were; Cd, 0.085 ±0.0803; Cr, 0.085 ±0.0803; Cu, 1.36 ±0.52; Pb, 0.83 ±0.461 and Zn, 17.72 ±5.29 while those of S. Schall were: Cd, 0.353 ±0.285; Cr, 0.281 ±0.125; Cu, 1.54 ±0.78; Pb, 0.83 ±0.248 and Zn, 21 ±5.27. Comparison of these values with FAO limits in fish tissue shows that it is unsafe to consume the fish head/viscera of both fish species from River Galma.	Cd; Cr; Cu; Fish head; Fish viscera; Nigeria; Pb; Zaira; Zn	Oreochromis niloticus; Synodontis; Zaira	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952713801	Evaluation of changes in pasting properties of ogi during storage	Bolaji O.T., Awonorin S.O., Olalusi P.A., Adepoju P.A.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	1	None	Lagos State polytechnic, Dept of Food science, Shagamu Road, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria; University Of Agriculture Dept Food science and Technology, Abeokuta ogun state, Nigeria; Federal University of Technology, Dept of Agriculture Engineering, Akure Ondo S	Bolaji, O.T., Lagos State polytechnic, Dept of Food science, Shagamu Road, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria; Awonorin, S.O., University Of Agriculture Dept Food science and Technology, Abeokuta ogun state, Nigeria; Olalusi, P.A., Federal University of Technology, Dept of Agriculture Engineering, Akure Ondo State, Nigeria; Adepoju, P.A., Lagos State polytechnic, Dept of Food science, Shagamu Road, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria	This study was conducted to investigate the effect of storage temperature on pasting properties of ogi. This was processed using traditional method and stored at different temperatures (27±3°C, 5 ±2°C, -10±3°C and -20 ±3°C) for a period of 12 weeks, this was repeated for another 12 weeks. Ogi samples were subsequently dried in cabinet drier at temperature of 47±3°C. The peak and final viscosity of ogi stored at the ambient temperature (27±3°C), witnessed a noticeable reduction from week four (4) of storage. Storage at temperature of 5 ±2°C, -10±3°C and -20 ±3°c conditions maintained the hold strength throughout the storage period. There was significant difference (p<. 0.05) in the values of breakdown viscosity. The setback viscosity values were consistently maintained in storage condition of 5 ±2°C, -10±3°C and -20 ±3°C throughout the period of storage but a consistent reduction was observed in ogi stored at 27±3°C. The range of pasting temperature for ogi samples throughout the period of storage was between 76 and 79°C. The cooking time ranged from 4.80 and 5.70 minutes. The study showed that gelling stability and pasting ability tend to witness reduction with increase in storage period at ambient temperature (27±3°C) and 5±2°C if the storage period is increased beyond that used in this research work.	Final viscosity storage temperature; Peak time set back viscosity; Peak viscosity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957445336	Evaluation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates) oil and pure natural honey on the shelf life of cheese	Belewu M.A., Belewu K.Y., Ganiyu R.O.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	4	None	Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Belewu, M.A., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Belewu, K.Y., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Ganiyu, R.O., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	The efficacy of Lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citrates), pure natural honey and whey in extending the shelf life of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model. The treatments include Lemon grass oil (A). Pure natural honey (B); and the Control (Whey (C). The nutritional composition revealed increased dry matter content for Treatments A and B which are similar (p&gt;0.05) but significantly higher than the control (C). The crude fat was significantly higher in the control (C) and least in Treatments B and A in that order. The Lemon grass oil treated sample (A) had the highest crude protein content while the crude protein content of B and C was 15.64% and 12.62% respectively. The ash content ranged between 4.51 and 1.17% and it was greatest for Treatment A, greater in the control (C) and great in Treatment B. The Influence of Lemon grass oil on the cheese was noticed, with lowest bacterial count (21cfu/g ×103). However, the highest total bacterial count of 140cfu/g ×103 was recorded for the Control treatment (C) while honey treated sample had 73cfu/g ×103. Contrarily, the fungal count of honey treated sample (B) was 12cfu/g × 102 followed closely by A (10cfu/g × 102) Lemon grass oil and 30cfu/g × 102 for C. Isolation of various bacterial and fungi from the samples revealed the presence of Lactobacillus cocci, Lactobacillus planterium, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae in the Control sample (C). With the exception of Micrococcus luteum which was negative in the honey treated sample (B) other aforementioned fungi and bacterial species are found to be positive /present. It is enough to note that Lemon grass oil prevent the cheese against Micrococcus luteus, Lactobacillus planterium and Rhizopus oryzae.The presence of antmicrobial activity of Lemon grass oil may be responsible for increasing the shelf life of the cheese sample. It could be concluded from this study that preservation of cheese with Lemon grass oil enhanced the nutritional quality and shelf life of the sample.	Lemon grass oil; Microbial count; Proximate composition; Pure natural honey; Shelf life	Aspergillus niger; Bacteria (microorganisms); Cymbopogon; Cymbopogon citratus; Fungi; Lactobacillus; Micrococcus; Micrococcus luteus; Rhizopus; Rhizopus oryzae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958473419	Evaluation of Tithonia diversifolia for soil improvement in celosia (Celosia argentea) production	Shokalu A.O., Ojo A.O., E-Adewoyin D.T., Azeez J.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	5	None	National Horticultural Research Institute, P.M.B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Shokalu, A.O., National Horticultural Research Institute, P.M.B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ojo, A.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; E-Adewoyin, D.T., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; Azeez, J.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted between June and September in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons at the teaching and experimental field of the National Horticultural Research Institute (7°25″N and 3°52″E), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. To evaluate the growth and yield of Celosia argentea L. using different rates of Tithonia diversifolia and also to evaluate the effect of the amendments on soil chemical properties. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates with plot size of 4m 2. Tithonia diversifolia was chopped, (fresh leaves and young stem) applied at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20 tons ha -1 on fresh weight basis. These were incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Results indicated that soil P, Ca, CEC, K and soil organic matter content were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved by the addition of Tithonia. There were significant treatment effect on soil pH, N, P, K, Mg and Zn (P &lt; 0.05) which were improved with the use of Tithonia. Growth parameters: number of leaves, plant height and stem girth increased significantly (P&lt; 0.05) with the application of Tithonia diversifolia.	Amendment; Celosia argentea; Tithonia diversifolia	Celosia; Celosia argentea; Tithonia diversifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879584016	Enhancing self-regulated learning in teaching spoken communication: Does it affect speaking efficacy and performance?	Aregu B.B.	2013	Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching	10	1	None	Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	Aregu, B.B., Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	The study examines the effects of enhancing self-regulated learning in the teaching of spoken communication on speaking efficacy and performances among second year students attending spoken and written communication lessons in the College of Business and Economics of Bahir Dar University. In this study, two sections consisting of 91 participants were included. To gather data, scales, tests, and diaries were used. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent samples t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the qualitative data were analysed using such steps as looking for themes and coding, categorizing codes of similar content, and writing summary and interpretation. The outputs of the ANCOVA show that 56% of the variance in speaking performance and 39% of the variance in speaking efficacy are accounted for by the self-regulated learning intervention controlling for initial differences. The qualitative analysis also indicated that the experimental group improved its speaking efficacy and performances. Overall, the results reveal that the experimental group surpasses the control group in both speaking efficacy and performances. The results imply that attention needs to be paid to the enhancement of self-regulated learning in the process of teaching spoken communication. © Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876405182	Modeling used engine oil impact on the compaction and strength characteristics of a lateritic soil	Ojuri O.O., Ogundipe O.O.	2012	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering	None	None	None	Department of Civil Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojuri, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Ogundipe, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	This study entails simulating an oil contaminated site by mixing predetermined amounts of used engine oil with lateritic soil samples collected in Akure, south-western Nigeria. Geotechnical testing performed on the studied soils include basic index property tests, compaction tests and strength tests. Soil samples collected from the surrounding of the Engineering Workshop (Machine Shop) building in the Federal University of Technology, Akure were mixed with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of used engine oil by dried weight of the soil. The oil contaminated soils indicated lower Maximum Dry Density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) compared to the uncontaminated soil. Regression models for the estimation of compaction and strength characteristics for this type of ferrallitic lateritic soils were established. © 2012 ejge.	Ferrallitic laterite; Land pollution; Regression models; Soil bearing capacity; Waste oil	Ferrallitic laterite; Land pollution; Regression model; Soil bearing capacity; Waste oil; Compaction; Compressive strength; Lubricating oils; Machine shops; Regression analysis; Soil pollution; Soil surveys; Soils; Soil testing; bearing capacity; compaction; compressive strength; dry density; laterite; modeling; moisture content; numerical model; oil pollution; regression analysis; soil pollution; soil strength; soil test; Akure; Nigeria; Ondo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903839917	Geotechnical evaluation of some lateritic soils in Akure South, South-Western Nigeria	Owolabi T.A., Aderinola O.S.	2014	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering	None	None	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Owolabi, T.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Aderinola, O.S., Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This research project aims at evaluating the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil in Akure South, Southwestern Nigeria. In order to achieve this, six samples were collected from two borrow pits for laboratory test. Atterberg limits test, specific gravity test, sieve analysis test, moisture content test, compaction test and California bearing ratio test (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength were conducted on the soil samples in accordance with British standard code of practice (BS1377:1990), Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. The particle size analysis shows that the percentages passing number 200 BS sieve are 13%, 6% and 53% for samples S1, S2 and S3 respectively. Samples S1 and S2 can be deduced as suitable for sub-grade, sub-base and base materials as the percentage by weight finer than N0 200BS test sieve is less than 35%. The Atterberg limit result shows that sample S1, S2 and S3 have sandy particle sizes predominating. Hence the soil sample as a result of its particle size composition happens to be a cohesionless soil with no plasticity. The natural moisture content for the soil samples ranges between 5.26% to14.72%. The Specific gravity of the tested samples lies between 2.64 and 2.71. The soaked California bearing ratio ranges from 53.30% - 70.85%. The maximum dry density for the soil samples varies between 1.89 Mg/m3 and 2.314 Mg/m3 with their optimum moisture content ranging between 6.25% to 17.44% while the unconfined compressive strength for S3 is 53.315kN/m2. According to AASHTO soil classification samples S1 and S2 can be classified as A-1b materials (granular material) consist of well graded mixtures of gravel, coarse sand and fine sand and can be rated as excellent material for road works having satisfied all the conditions for constructing subgrade and subbase materials while sample S3 can be classified as A-4 material (silty soil), rated as fair to poor sub-grade material and cannot be used as a construction material. Conversely this research work has provided data for engineers, designers and contractor for the use of this borrowpits for construction work. It is recommended that all contractors should ensure that the testing and quality control of pavement materials is done before the commencement of work on site. © 2014 ejge.	Atterberg limit test; California bearing ratio; Compaction test; Geotechnical properties; Lateritic soil; Particle size analysis test; Soil classification; Specific gravity	Civil engineering; Compaction; Compressive strength; Contractors; Density (specific gravity); Granular materials; Moisture determination; Particle size analysis; Research; Sieves; Soil surveys; Soils; Compaction; Compressive strength; Contractors; Density (specific gravity); Engineering research; Granular materials; Materials testing; Moisture; Moisture determination; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Quality control; Sieves; Soil surveys; Soils; Strength of materials; Atterberg limits; California bearing ratio; Compaction test; Geotechnical properties; Lateritic soils; Soil classification; Soil testing; Soil testing; Atterberg limit; bearing capacity; compaction; compressive strength; laboratory method; laterite; moisture content; particle size; soil classification; soil mechanics; soil water; Akure; Nigeria; Ondo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859608343	Hydraulic performance of compacted foundry sand bagasse ash mixture permeated with municipal solid waste leachate	Osinubi K.J., Moses G.	2012	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering	None	None	None	Department of Civil Engrg., Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810001, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engrg., Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria	Osinubi, K.J., Department of Civil Engrg., Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810001, Nigeria; Moses, G., Department of Civil Engrg., Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria	Foundry sand mixed with up to 8% bagasse ash by weight of dry soil was evaluated for use as a suitable hydraulic barrier material. Tests were carried out on the foundry sand - bagasse ash mixtures to determine the index properties and compaction characteristics. The relationship between hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures compacted using the British Standard light (BSL) energy (relative compaction = 100%) with molding water content, bagasse ash content and unit weight were determined. Furthermore, specimens were sequentially permeated with water and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate to determine the hydraulic conductivity values of the foundry sand - bagasse ash mixtures. Test results show that the regulatory minimum hydraulic conductivity (k) value of 1 × 10 -9 m/s or lower required for a material to be used in waste containment application can be achieved when foundry sand is treated with 4 % bagasse ash, prepared at molding water content in the range 11.2 - 15.4% and compacted to a unit weight of at least 17.56 kN/m 3. Results for specimen permeated with MSW leachate showed that foundry sand treated with 4% bagasse ash met the regulatory minimum value for barrier materials. Generally hydraulic conductivity values of specimens treated with MSW decreased by factors in the range 1.12-5.71, but above 6% bagasse ash treatment the value increased by a factor of 1.32, which practically is considered insignificant. The study showed that foundry sand treated with 4% bagasse ash can be used as a barrier material in municipal waste containment facilities.	Bagasse ash; Compaction; Hydraulic conductivity; Municipal solid waste leachate	Ash contents; Ash mixtures; Barrier material; British Standards; Dry soil; Hydraulic barrier; Hydraulic performance; Index properties; Leachates; Minimum value; Molding water content; Municipal solid waste landfills; Municipal waste; Relative compaction; Unit weight; Waste containment; Compaction; Foundry sand; Hydraulic conductivity; Leaching; Mixtures; Molding; Municipal solid waste; Soil testing; Bagasse; ash; compaction; hydraulic conductivity; landfill; leachate; municipal solid waste; sand; waste facility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894298159	Geotechnical and mineralogical evaluation of some lateritic soils from Southwestern Nigeria	Omoniyi I.O., Olufemi O., Abdulwahid A.K.	2014	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering	None	None	None	Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Omoniyi, I.O., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olufemi, O., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Abdulwahid, A.K., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Four lateritic soil samples derived from different parent rocks were examined for their suitability as construction materials. All analyses were carried out in accordance with BSI standard. Results showed that soil samples from migmatite gneiss, quartz schist and amphibolites are siltysands while the granite derived soil is siltyclay. All samples have low to intermediate plasticity. The cohesion values of the soils are between 50kPa and 80kPa at standard Proctor compaction energy while it is between 30kPa and 75kPa at modified Proctor compaction energy. Also, the angle of internal friction varies from 11° to 24° and from 14° to 24° for standard and modified compaction energies respectively. The coefficients of permeability of the soils fall between 10-8m/s and 10-9m/s making them practically impermeable. The mineralogy of the soil showed that they contain no undesirable mineral constituent as they contain mainly quartz. The results of the compaction and CBR showed that the samples are suitable for use as subgrade and fill materials. The grain size distribution values, Atterberg limits and coefficient of permeability of the soils make them suitable for use as liners in waste disposal systems. The angle of internal friction and cohesion of the soils means the soils could also support shallow foundations and could also support moderately steep slopes. This geotechnical information is important for foundation design for future development of the sampled localities. © 2013, EJGE.	Coefficient of permeability; Compaction; Geotechnical properties; Mineralogy; Particle size analysis	Adhesion; Compaction; Friction; Grain size and shape; Internal friction; Mineralogy; Minerals; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Quartz; Soil surveys; Structural design; Waste disposal; Angle of internal friction; Coefficient of permeability; Geotechnical information; Geotechnical properties; Grain size distribution; Southwestern nigeria; Standard Proctor compaction; Waste disposal systems; Soils; compaction; geotechnical engineering; geotechnical property; laterite; mineralogy; particle size; permeability; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865975626	Evaluation of highway failure of a portion of ibadan-iwo road, southwestern nigeria, using very low frequency electromagnetic and resistivity methods	Popoola O.I., Okhaifo B.O.	2012	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering	None	None	None	Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Popoola, O.I., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Okhaifo, B.O., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	About 1600 m portion of the Ibadan - Iwo road (southwestern Nigeria) which has suffered structural failures repeatedly was investigated using Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) profiling at 10 m intervals and five Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). The results from the VLF-EM investigation showed the presence of near surface linear geologic structures of varying lengths, depths, and elevations which suggest probable conductive zones that are inimical to the foundation of the road subgrade. Also, the lateral resistivity profile showed low resistivity zones that coincided with most of the peak positive VLF-EM anomalies, indicating near surface clay materials and linear structures. The quantitative interpretation of the VES results established the presence of four geologic layers namely top soil, weathered layer, partly weathered layer and fractured basement with varying resistivity values and thicknesses. The unstable segment of the road was characterized by low resistivity of the near surface materials on which the road pavement was founded. The clayey subgrade soil below the highway pavement and identified geologic features are the major factors responsible for the highway failure. © 2012 ejge.	Geologic features; Highway failure; Ibadan-iwo road; Resistivity profile; Vlf-em investigation	Fractured basement; Geologic features; Geologic layers; Geologic structures; Highway pavement; Ibadan-iwo road; Linear structures; Low resistivity; Major factors; Near-surface; Near-surface clay; Near-surface materials; Nigeria; Quantitative interpretation; Resistivity profile; Resistivity values; Road pavements; Schlumberger; Structural failure; Subgrade soil; Top soils; Vertical electrical sounding; Very low frequency; Vlf-em investigation; Electric prospecting; Electromagnetism; Fracture mechanics; Pavements; Surfaces; Transportation; electrical resistivity; electromagnetic method; failure analysis; motorway; pavement; subgrade; vertical electrical sounding; Ibadan; Iwo; Nigeria; Osun; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860842865	The rural ICT comprehensive evaluation framework: Implementing the first domain, the baseline study process	Pade-Khene C., Sewry D.	2012	Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries	51	1	None	Department of Information Systems, Rhodes University, South Africa	Pade-Khene, C., Department of Information Systems, Rhodes University, South Africa; Sewry, D., Department of Information Systems, Rhodes University, South Africa	ICTs are continuously emerging as key tools to support development activities. However, with the growing implementation of such technology requires the need to account for such implementations and assess the need, process, outcome and impact of ICT projects in developing countries. Most evaluations in ICT4D tend to focus on impact assessment, yet assessing the impact of a project relies on interdependent assessments that should be conducted throughout the life of a project; especially to gauge the actual contribution of an ICT project to specified impact in a rural community. This paper presents a Rural ICT Comprehensive Evaluation Framework (RICT-CEF), which encompasses the key domains of evaluation that should be applied throughout the progression of an ICT for development project. The scope of this paper, specifically elaborates on the first two stages of the framework: 1) The Overall Evaluation Plan, and 2) The Baseline Study. These stages are explored in the Siyakhula Living Lab, an ICT4D project in South Africa, to reveal the shortcomings and suitability of the framework through lessons learned, and contribute to the continuous revision of the RICT-CEF.	Baseline study; Evaluation; Impact assessment; Project management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861312812	ICT evaluation: Are we asking the right questions?	Gomez R., Pather S.	2012	Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries	50	1	None	Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, United States; Informatics and Design, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Gomez, R., Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, United States; Pather, S., Informatics and Design, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	The evaluation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in development activities has metamorphised through different phases in the last 30 years. In this paper we explore the experiences of ICT evaluation in the broad business environment and draw parallels with the ICT for development (ICTD) environment. The paper motivates the need for a fundamental paradigm shift in ICTD evaluation. We argue that it is not sufficient to focus on the easily measurable tangible and quantifiable benefits of ICT. We motivate that the intangible benefits of ICT on development such as empowerment, self-esteem and social cohesion are more important from a developmental perspective. Consequently, a more detailed exploration of the theoretical and methodological implications of this shift in the ICTD field is warranted.	Development; Evaluation; ICT; Impact; Intangible	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925459930	Towards the solution of abysmal performance in mathematics in junior high schools: Comparing the pedagogical potential Of two	Sarfo F.K., Eshun G., Elen J., Adentwi K.I.	2014	Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology	12	3	10.14204/ejrep.34.14028	Department of Educational Leadership, University of Education, Kumasi campus, Winneba, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Mathematics, Baidoo Bonsoe Senior High School, Agona Ahanta, Ghana; Center for Instructional Psychology and Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Interdiscilinary Studies, University of Education, Kumasi Campus, Winneba, Kumasi, Ghana	Sarfo, F.K., Department of Educational Leadership, University of Education, Kumasi campus, Winneba, Kumasi, Ghana; Eshun, G., Department of Mathematics, Baidoo Bonsoe Senior High School, Agona Ahanta, Ghana; Elen, J., Center for Instructional Psychology and Technology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Adentwi, K.I., Department of Interdiscilinary Studies, University of Education, Kumasi Campus, Winneba, Kumasi, Ghana	Introduction: In this study, the effectiveness of two different interventions was investigated. The effects of a concrete abstract intervention and a regular method of teaching intervention were compared. Both interventions were designed in line with the specifications of classical principles of instructional design for learning mathematics in the traditional classroom of junior high school (JHS) in Ghana. The purpose was to contribute to the solution of abysmal performance of mathematics in the JHS. Method: Eighty students randomly selected from JHS, were randomly assigned to the two treatments. The content for the treatments were selected from the JHS syllabus. A teacher was trained to implement the treatments. The main study, consisting of six sessions, was conducted in a regular classroom of the school. Descriptive statistics, paired-samples t test, and t independent test were used to analyze the data. Results: Generally, the general performance of students in both groups improved significantly after they had experienced the designed treatments. Comparatively, t independent test revealed that the designed concrete representational abstract intervention (DCRAI) is more effective for improving students' general performance in geometry and algebra than the designed regular method of teaching intervention (DRMTI). Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study imply that instructional design principles are relevant, effective and needed in the design of classroom teaching, to address the poor performance in mathematics in JHSs (in Ghana). © Education & Psychology I+D+i and Ilustre Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Andalucía Oriental.	Instructional intervention; Junior high school; Mathematics; Regular method of teaching; Representational abstract	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955997199	Investigating the impact of positive resource interdependence and individual accountability on students' academic performance in cooperative learning [Investigación del impacto de la interdependencia de recursos positivos y rendición de cuentas en los alu	Sarfo F.K., Elen J.	2011	Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology	9	1	None	Universidad de Educación, Winneba, Kumasi Campus, Ghana; Universidad Católica de Lovaina, Belgium	Sarfo, F.K., Universidad de Educación, Winneba, Kumasi Campus, Ghana; Elen, J., Universidad Católica de Lovaina, Belgium	Introduction: This study addresses two major issues with respect to cooperative learning. The study aims at experimentally investigating the function of positive resource interdependence and individual accountability on academic performance of individuals in cooperative learning. Method: To achieve the purpose a two by two randomized post-test experimental study was conducted. Descriptive statistics and two way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: Interestingly, the results of the study reveal that working on the full content of the information before group discussion results in better academic performance than when each member in the group works on part (positive resource interdependence) of the content before group discussion. Furthermore, it is shown that when members in cooperative learning group are informed that after group work a student will be called randomly from a group for examination and the student's score will be the score for the rest of the group members and the score will be part of the final grade, it strengthens individual and group accountability and consequently facilitates learning. The results show no interaction effect of positive resource interdependence and individual accountability on the academic performance of students under cooperative learning. Conclusion: The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. © Education & Psychology I+D+i and Editorial EOS (Spain).	Cognitive load theory; Cooperative learning; Individual accountability; Positive resource interdependence; Split-attention effect	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944469924	An evaluation of library automation in some Ghanaian university libraries	Amekuedee J.-O.	2005	Electronic Library	23	4	10.1108/02640470510611508	Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	Amekuedee, J.-O., Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	Purpose - The study was undertaken to find out which library processes have been automated in Ghana's three older public university libraries namely, the Balme Library, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Library and the University of Cape Coast (UCC) Library. Design/methodology/approach - Using data obtained through the use of questionnaires, the study examined areas of general automation, automation of specific library processes, networking, internet connectivity, training, and major constraints to library automation. Findings - The study found out that even though the university libraries realize the importance of library automation, they are hampered by lack of funds, lack of support from the university administrations, and lack of skilled staff to embark on automation of all library processes. It was also revealed that none of the libraries have on OPAC (online public access catalogue). Originality/value - The study concludes with recommendations that would enhance the university libraries drive towards automation of their library processes and ensure effective and efficient use of the new technology to raise the image of the libraries and give their library clients more services. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Automation; Ghana; Internet; Libraries; Universities	Developing countries; Information technology; Internet; Office automation; Online searching; Statistical methods; Ghana; Online public access catalogue; University libraries; Digital libraries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76649102421	The impact of Social Networking 2.0 on organisations	Van Zyl A.S.	2009	Electronic Library	27	6	10.1108/02640470911004020	Department of Accountancy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Van Zyl, A.S., Department of Accountancy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of what electronic social networking encompasses. It also aims to educate IT, business decision makers, knowledge workers and librarians about the various applications, benefits and risks associated with social networking. Design/methodology/approach - After a literature review of the available resources (academic literature, journal articles, white papers, popular media and books) the benefits and perceived risks associated with electronic social networking on organisations are investigated. Findings - An individual's success in society depends on the shape and size of his/her social network and ability to network and form connections with other social groups. Organisations which can harness this innate human ability to manage knowledge will be able to lower transactions costs and become more profitable. Originality/value - The paper increases the understanding of what electronic social networking encompasses and how it can be utilised for business purposes. The ideas and discussion put forth are equally applicable to libraries and may give them new insights into the provision of social networking applications as part of their services to users. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Communication technologies; Computer applications; Electronic media; Knowledge management; Risk management; Social networks	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914697805	Libraries in the information age: A measure of performance, competencies and constraints in academic libraries in Nigerian universities	Asogwa B.E.	2014	Electronic Library	32	5	10.1108/EL-07-2012-0097	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the competencies of libraries in Nigerian universities, identify constraints to their performance and recommend infrastructures and competencies required. Institutional accreditation has compelled academic libraries in Nigerian to improve their quality, competencies and performances for accountability.Design/methodology/approach - Aquestionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. The population of the study was all the university librarians in the 89 universities in Nigeria that the author selected from federal, state and private universities. Of the 81 sets of questionnaires emailed, 49 were returned, which represents a 60.5 per cent response rate and provides the working population of the study. Data were analysed using frequency tables, simple percentages and bar charts.Findings - The results indicate that academic libraries and librarians in Nigeria are competent in three key areas - educational roles, professional development and research. However, they are not very effective in the provision and use of library resources in cyberspace, adequate funding, collection development and information technology skills. The main constraints are: poor Internet penetration, low bandwidth, unreliable power supply and weak Internet proficiency. This paper suggests that adequate funding, benchmark performance and multi-skilling can serve as strategies against these constraints in developing regions.Practical implications - This study contributes to library staff assessment because it links strategic objectives to performance measures and associated long-term targets. It broadens issues which affect sustainable performance in academic libraries in Nigeria, as well as in Africa and other developing countries.Originality/value - While performance measurement is well established in developed countries, it is less or not so well established in Nigeria and other developing countries. The current research seeks to develop a performance measurement framework for academic libraries that is testable and expandable to Nigeria and the whole African context. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; Benchmarking; ICT; Nigeria; Performance indicators; Performance measurement	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949565645	Evaluation of electronic service infrastructures and quality of e-services in Nigerian academic libraries	Asogwa B.E., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2015	Electronic Library	33	6	10.1108/EL-04-2014-0071	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of online services in academic libraries in Nigeria. It seeks to assess the functionality of electronic infrastructures, to expose areas where the service needs of users are not adequately provided and to recommend solutions. Design/methodology/approach - The sample population was 210 staff and students who used electronic resources in Nigerian university libraries during the 2012-2013 academic session. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. Modified WebQual four performance indicators were designed and used to measure: library equipment, library website, online public access catalogue (OPAC) and e-user education in the university libraries. The five-point service performance scale that ranged from very poor performance to excellent was used in measuring the views of the respondents. Findings - None of the indicators was rated excellent; six were rated good; nine were average; two and five indicators scored poor and very poor, respectively. Poor funding, intermittent power supply and weak telecommunication infrastructures were among the major impediments to online services in Nigerian universities. Through adequate funding and prudent management of library funds, online services in Nigerian university libraries could meet global standards. Practical implications - Results from this paper could guide library management on several concrete remedial actions to sustain e-service performance that could meet the missions and visions of contemporary academic libraries. Originality/value - This paper was the first to apply WebQual model in the evaluation of electronic performance quality of academic libraries in Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; E-resources; E-services; Nigerian university libraries	None	None
WoS	WOS:000326315200005	Feasibility of adaptation of open source ILS for libraries in Kenya: a practical evaluation	Amollo, Beatrice Adera	2013	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	31	5	10.1108/EL-12-2011-0171	Australian Studies Inst Lib	None	Purpose-Despite its fast growth and penetration in all sectors, it has been noted that open source software (OSS) is yet to find its optimal place in libraries, particularly libraries in the developing countries. Lack of documented information on the experiences and use of open source integrated library system (ILS) is a major drawback, and so the need for this study. The proposed study aims to help to investigate and test usability and cost effectiveness of a typical OSS for ILS. It will involve deploying the software from installation, configuration to creating customized user interfaces and structures that are specific to the requirements of the library's parent organization. The cost and performance of the OSS will then be compared with that of a typical commercial based software with the same functionalities. Design/methodology/approach-A preliminary study has been conducted to collect data from libraries in the country through distribution of questionnaires to provide data for accurate analysis that will form the basis for recommendations. The target group includes library and IT personnel in the various institutions and the end-users within sample group. A case study is proposed to help establish OSS effectiveness in libraries. To test a typical OSS, parameters are to be drawn from two models open source maturity model and business readiness rating. Findings-A casual observation of the Kenyan situation reveals that the majority of academic, public and research libraries depend on commercial, free or locally developed systems. This scenario may be attributed to lack of knowledge (or interest) in OSS alternatives and lack of sufficient technical expertise to support them. While there are quite a number of libraries and librarians worldwide that have shown a great interest in OSS, few library administrators have actually implemented OSS. Could this be due to fear of taking on the risks that may come with reliance on open source library automation systems? Is the low uptake due to lack of sufficient technical expertise in the libraries? The research outcomes will help formulate a model and guidelines to be used by systems librarians considering the use of OSS for library processes. Factors to be considered when deciding on OSS will be outlined. Research limitations/implications-This paper is of importance to library personnel in Kenya as it establishes the effectiveness of OSS, with the aim of empowering the library staff who have for a long time relied on their IT departments and vendors for systems installation and implementation. Originality/value-The study will result in a comprehensive evaluation of the economic and functional advantages of OSS as an alternative for the library in Kenya. Librarians involved in selection of software for their libraries will find this helpful when deciding on the type of software to select for their libraries. It will help to enlighten library professional about the value of OSS and how they can participate in the development of their own systems, instead of always relying on vendors.	"information systems","integrated software",KENYA,LIBRARIES,"LIBRARY AUTOMATION","LIBRARY SYSTEMS","OPEN SYSTEMS",RESEARCH,"OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000285526700005	The impact of internet use on teaching, learning and research activities in Nigerian universities A case study of Obafemi Awolowo University	Nwezeh, Chinwe M. T.	2010	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	28	5	10.1108/02640471011081960	Obafemi Awolowo University	None	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of internet resources and the evaluation of their usefulness on teaching, learning and research in Nigerian universities with particular emphasis on Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on a descriptive survey using questionnaires for data collection. The respondents constitute students (750) and academic staff (115) from OAU. Descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages) were used to analyze the data. Findings - The results from the paper reveal that a majority of the surveyed academic staff and the students found the internet to be very useful. Internet resources mostly used by both groups were e-mail and the world wide web (WWW). Search interfaces were used for looking for research information. It was discovered that the users were not given adequate user education to enable them make use of the internet resources available. Originality/value - That the internet is widely used is not a surprise, but the paper points to the fact that more conscious efforts must be made in the introduction of user education and information literacy programmes, as well as in staff training on information and communication technology resources in the library.	"INFORMATION LITERACY",INTERNET,NIGERIA,"university libraries","USER STUDIES",INFORMATION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000317797800002	Impact of health informatics on nurses' computer skills and the role of the library	Ajayi, N. A.	2013	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	31	2	10.1108/02640471311312357	Obafemi Awolowo University	None	Purpose - The concept of the paper is how the library can be a useful framework for designing nurses' computer skills. The overarching aim of the research is to focus on how the computer skills involved in nurses' increasing access to health informatics can be used to improve nursing practice, consequently leading to better health care delivery. The objectives involved in achieving this aim include: finding out the level of nurses' computer literacy; finding out nurses' quest for electronic information for problem-based nursing practice; investigating nurses' level of awareness of research-based nursing practice; and finding out areas of desirability of informatics in nursing practice. Design/methodology/approach - The measuring instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire to senior nursing cadres in the Teaching Hospitals Complex, lie-He, Nigeria. There were 230 nurses in these categories, of whom 180 were given questionnaires to fill in. The questionnaire was pre-tested and validated. A total of 167 copies were returned and found to be usable. Simple percentages and a summation weighted index were used to analyse the data. Findings - The paper provides empirical insight into nurses' computer skills and the library's role. The majority of the respondents did not have knowledge of computers; in the School of Nursing they learned it through various means while practising, while a few could access and retrieve information from the available databases. Some difficulties were expressed, such as workload, lack of skills, location of the library with regard to the hospital, etc. The desirability of the introduction of health informatics to the profession is high. Research limitations/implications - The study is limited to a teaching hospital and the results may not be generalisable to non-teaching hospitals, hence the need for further studies. Practical implications - The impact of health informatics on nurses' computer skills and the library's role will save nurses from routine work, enhance their productivity, and will equip them better for the challenges that information technology presents for health professionals. Originality/value - This paper fulfils and identifies the need to introduce health informatics to nursing practice in order to improve patient care.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES","ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES",HOSPITALS,LIBRARIES,NIGERIA,NURSES,"SKILLS TRAINING",ATTITUDES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000230838900003	Evaluation of automated services in Nigerian universities	SANI, A,TIAMIYU, M	2005	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	23	3	10.1108/02640470510603679	University of Ibadan, Natl Univ Commis	None	Purpose - To evaluate the status of automated information services in selected Nigerian universities with a view to identifying progress and prospects of, and constraints to, the technological transformation of Nigerian universities as the basis of strategic recommendations to the different stakeholders in Nigerian university education. Design/methodology/approach - The study assessed the status of automated information systems and services in Nigerian universities in mid-2002 through site visits, and questionnaire and interview surveys of the views of administrators, teaching/non-teaching staff, students and researchers in the universities. Findings - It was found that automated services were far from adequate and that, out of the 29 different automated services that one would expect in a modem university, only about 40 per cent were available and utilized. Federal universities that had enjoyed higher levels of funding for automated systems had higher output of automated services than the non-federal universities. Major obstacles militating against the automated services in the universities include inadequate funds, electricity supply and telecommunications connectivity, as well as inadequate human resources for the automated systems. Respondents were marginally satisfied with the services of the computerized accounting system and the MIS-related databases, but were very dissatisfied with the level of automated library services. Originality/value - Clearly presents the challenges facing the Nigerian university system and individual Nigerian universities in the process of automating their operations.	"INFORMATION SERVICES","LIBRARY AUTOMATION",NIGERIA,UNIVERSITIES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053235776	Design and performance of wideband DRFM for radar test and evaluation	Olivier K., Cilliers J.E., Du Plessis M.	2011	Electronics Letters	47	14	10.1049/el.2011.0362	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Building 44, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Carl and Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics, Pretoria, South Africa	Olivier, K., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Building 44, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Cilliers, J.E., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Building 44, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Du Plessis, M., University of Pretoria, Carl and Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics, Pretoria, South Africa	The test and evaluation of modern radars using hardware in the loop simulators requires the use of wideband high-fidelity, digital radio frequency memories (DRFM) in order to generate realistic target returns. Important aspects of wideband DRFM design on a printed circuit board are highighted and the architecture of the DRFM that was implemented using commercial-off-the-shelf components is presented. The spurious free dynamic range of the DRFM was characterised as -47dBc worst case over an instantaneous bandwidth of 800MHz. An experimental pulse-Doppler radar was used to compare the fidelity of the returns from the DRFM and an optical delay line. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.	None	Commercial off-the-shelf components; Digital radio frequency memory; Hardware in the loop simulator; High fidelity; Instantaneous bandwidth; Optical delay lines; Pulse-Doppler radar; Spurious free dynamic range; Test and evaluation; Wide-band; Worst case; Digital radio; Doppler radar; Printed circuit boards; Printed circuit design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857256302	Comparative performance of OM-OFDM in broadband systems	Dhuness K., Maharaj B.T.	2012	Electronics Letters	48	2	10.1049/el.2011.2005	University of Pretoria, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Dhuness, K., University of Pretoria, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Maharaj, B.T., University of Pretoria, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A method called offset modulation (OM-OFDM) is proposed to control the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an OFDM signal. This reported work demonstrates the significant modulation, structural and performance differences between an OM-OFDM and CE-OFDM method. The OM-OFDM method in addition is able to accurately control the PAPR of a transmission for a targeted BER, which is currently not possible with CE-OFDM. By using a power performance decision metric (D), the OM-OFDM method is shown to offer a 34 and 3.44dB net power performance gain (at a BER of 10 -4) when compared to a CE-OFDM and traditional OFDM transmission for frequency selective fading channel conditions, respectively. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.	None	Broadband systems; Frequency-selective fading channels; OFDM signal; OFDM transmission; Offset modulation; Peak to average power ratio; Power performance; Electronics engineering; Technology; Frequency selective fading	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954323650	Forensic performance of Investigator DIPplex indels genotyping kit in native, immigrant, and admixed populations in South Africa	Hefke G., Davison S., D'Amato M.E.	2015	Electrophoresis	36	24	10.1002/elps.201500243	Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; South African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Unit, Panorama, South Africa	Hefke, G., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa, South African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Unit, Panorama, South Africa; Davison, S., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; D'Amato, M.E., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	The utilization of binary markers in human individual identification is gaining ground in forensic genetics. We analyzed the polymorphisms from the first commercial indel kit Investigator DIPplex (Qiagen) in 512 individuals from Afrikaner, Indian, admixed Cape Colored, and the native Bantu Xhosa and Zulu origin in South Africa and evaluated forensic and population genetics parameters for their forensic application in South Africa. The levels of genetic diversity in population and forensic parameters in South Africa are similar to other published data, with lower diversity values for the native Bantu. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed in HLD97 in Indians, Admixed and Bantus, along with 6.83% homozygotes in the Bantu populations. Sequencing of the flanking regions showed a previously reported transition G>A in rs17245568. Strong population structure was detected with Fst, AMOVA, and the Bayesian unsupervised clustering method in STRUCTURE. Therefore we evaluated the efficiency of individual assignments to population groups using the ancestral membership proportions from STRUCTURE and the Bayesian classification algorithm in Snipper App Suite. Both methods showed low cross-assignment error (0-4%) between Bantus and either Afrikaners or Indians. The differentiation between populations seems to be driven by four loci under positive selection pressure. Based on these results, we draw recommendations for the application of this kit in SA. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Assignment; Indels; Population structure; Positive selection; South Africa	classification algorithm; DNA flanking region; expectation; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; genotype; homozygote; human; immigrant; indel mutation; Indian; major clinical study; population structure; South Africa; Xhosa (people)	None
None	None	Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis	Lembo T., Niezgoda M., Velasco-Villa A., Cleaveland S., Ernest E., Rupprecht C.E.	2006	Emerging Infectious Diseases	12	2	None	University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States	Lembo, T., University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom; Niezgoda, M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Velasco-Villa, A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Cleaveland, S., University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom; Ernest, E., Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; Rupprecht, C.E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	A direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions to detect rabies virus antigen in frozen and glycerol-preserved field brain samples from northwestern Tanzania. Compared to the direct fluorescent antibody test, the traditional standard in rabies diagnosis, the dRIT was 100% sensitive and specific.	None	virus antigen; animal tissue; article; brain tissue; controlled study; diagnostic test; evaluation; field study; fluorescent antibody technique; frozen section; immunohistochemistry; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; nonhuman; rabies; Rabies virus; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; tissue preservation; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Antigens, Viral; Brain; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Glycerol; Immunohistochemistry; Population Surveillance; Rabies; Rabies virus; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tanzania; Time Factors; Tissue Preservation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880673961	Nutritional evaluation of different sources of nitrogen on digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and production of rumen metabolites in growing Yankasa sheep	Abubakar M., Adegbola T.A., Abubakar M.M., Shehu Y., Ngele M.B., Kalla D.J.U.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	4	None	Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria, Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Shehu, Y., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	A study was conducted to evaluate digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolites in twenty growing Yankasa rams fed urea and /or sundried broiler litter (SDBL) as a partial or complete replacement for cotton seed cake (CSC) in diets for 90 days. The diets were: 1(CSC; control), 2(urea), 3(urea/SDBL), 4(CSC/urea) and 5(CSC/SDBL). The results indicated difference (P<0.05) in DM intake across diets, with animals fed CSC, urea and CSC/urea having the highest values (543.1, 523.4 and 483.6 g/day respectively), while those fed urea/SDBL and CSC/SDBL ((459.5 and 424.3g/day respectively) had the lowest feed intake. Mean digestible CP intake differed (P<0.001)across the diets and the values were higher for rams fed CSC and urea (75.7 and 72.7g/day) and lowest for those on CSC/SDBL (49.0g/day). However, mean digestible ADF intake was similar among the diets. A positive nitrogen balance was observed for all animals across the treatments, with significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments ranging from 4.3g/day for rams fed CSC/SDBL to 7.5g/day for those on urea. pH decreased with time after feeding. At 3 hrs post feeding, pH was highest (P<0.01) for rams fed CSC/SDBL and CSC/urea (6.9) and lowest for those on urea alone (6.1) and CSC (6.2). There was a gradual increase in the concentrations of both rumen ammonia-N (RAN) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) after feeding. Rams fed urea and urea/SDBL (37.5 and 34.2mg/100ml respectively) had the highest (P<0.001) RAN concentration 3 hrs after feeding, while those on the other diets recorded the lowest. On the other hand, rams fed CSC/SDBL (13.1mmol/100ml) had the highest (P<0.001) VFA concentrations while those on urea the lowest (10.5mmol/100ml). It was concluded from this study that diets containing urea and CSC/urea fed to Yankasa sheep gave results comparable to those fed cotton seed cake (control), which are better than for those fed sundried broiler litterbased diets in terms of digestible nutrients intake, positive nitrogen balance and production of adequate rumen ammonia-N. However, rams fed CSC/SDBL had a better concentration of total volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid after feeding.	Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen sources; Nutrient intake; Rumen metabolites; Yankasa sheep	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960421455	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizers on the soil fertility, leaf minerals composition and growth performance of dikanut seedlings (Irvingia gabonnesis L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	2	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness, of ten organic fertilizers on plant growth, soil fertility, and leaf nutrients composition of dikanut seedlings in the nursery. The organic fertilizer treatments were applied at 8t/ha (40g/10kg soil) to each polybag, a reference treatment NPK 15-15-15 compound fertilizer applied at 2g NPK/10kg soil (400kg/ha) and a control treatment (no chemical fertilizer nor manure), arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated four times. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased the seedlings' growth significantly (P<0.05), leaf and soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, soil pH and O.M of dikanut compared to the control treatment. The oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure increased the plant height, leaf area, stem girth, leaf numbers and root length of dikanut seedlings by 22%, 50%, 33%, 21% and 49% respectively, when compared to the NPK chemical fertilizer treatment. It also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg of dikanut seedlings by 35%, 37%, 39%, 36% and 65.3% respectively compared to the sole application of poultry manure. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH, O.M, N. P, K, Ca, Mg by 6%, 13%, 19%, 28%, 32%, 33% and 21% respectively compared to the cocoa husk + spent grain treatment. Therefore the, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in increasing growth, soil and leaf parameters of dikanut seedlings.	Dikanut seedlings; Growth performance; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizers; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865618859	Comparative evaluation of modified neem leaf, wood ash and neem leaf extracts for seed treatment and pest control in maize (Zea mays L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted at Akure, rainforest zone of Nigeria to evaluate the effectiveness of neem leaf, wood ash extracts, modified neem leaf extract, Apron star 42WS and Karate 720EC as seed treatment and pest control in maize. The organic treatment extracts namely neem leaf extract, wood ash extract applied at 1200ml per hectare and modified neem leaf extract (1:1 ratio 600ml wood ash + 600ml neem leaf extract) were compared with Apron star 42WS (seed treatment), Karate 720EC and control treatment (no neem leaf, wood ash extracts nor Karate),replicated four times and arranged in randomized complete block design. The results showed that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the germination counts, insect population, number of damaged leaves, growth and yield parameters of maize under different treatments compared to the control treatment. The modified neem leaf extract performed better in germination counts, reduction of damaged leaves, insect population and yield of maize than the sole application of neem leaf and wood ash. For percentage germination counts, Apron star 42WS had 65% followed by modified neem leaf extract (57%), wood ash extract (51%), neem leaf extract (47%) respectively. Modified neem leaf extract increased the leaf area, plant height and stem girth of maize by 8%, 5% and 7% respectively compared to the neem leaf (sole) extract. Generally, modified neem leaf extract had the best values of maize growth parameters followed by Karate, neem leaf and wood ash extracts respectively. Modified neem leaf extract decreased significantly the insect population, number of damaged leaves and number of holes per plant in maize by 33%, 70% and 30% respectively compared to the neem leaf extract (sole). When compared to modified neem extract, Karate decreased the number of damaged leaves per sample plot by 33%. However, there was no significant difference between karate and modified neem extract for insect population. For yield parameters, modified neem leaf extract significantly increased the maize yield gains by 15%, 14% and 2% compared to neem leaf, wood ash extracts and karate treatments respectively. However, wood ash and neem leaf extracts did not affect significantly the maize yield. Therefore, the modified neem leaf extract applied at 1200L/ha (3L/25m2) was most effective for pest control and seed treatment in maize crop.	Modified neem leaf; Neem leaf; Pest control and maize; Wood ash extract	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878793878	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizers on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola seedlings	Moyin-Jesu E.I., Adeofun C.O.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adeofun, C.O., College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The effect of oil palm bunch ash, spent grain, poultry and turkey manures applied solely and their supplemented forms, as sources of fertilizer on soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola (Garnicia colae) seedlings was investigated at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The eight organic fertilizer treatments: spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure and oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure were applied at 40g per 10kg soil filled polybag (8t/ha dry weight) with a reference treatment 400kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (2g per bag) and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The supplemented or amended treatments were applied at a 50:50% by weight (20g each). The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased the growth parameters, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment. The supplements of oil palm bunch ash and wood ash with poultry and turkey manures increased consistently the growth, soil and leaf mineral compared to their sole forms. Oil pal bunch ash + poultry manure increased the leaf N (52%), P (27%), K (44%), Ca (39%) and Mg (51%) compared to the sole application of poultry manure. When compared with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height (40%) leaf area (50%), stem girth (45%) number of leaves (53%), and fresh shoot weight (29%). For soil chemical composition, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH (28%), O.M. (92%), P (26.3%), Ca (99%), Mg (98%) and Na (93%) compared to the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer. However, the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer increased the soil K by 11% compared to the former. The high soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment led to an imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrient to bitter kola seedlings. In these experiments, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was most effective treatment in improving bitter kola growth parameters, soil and leaf mineral composition.	Bitter kola seedlings.; Growth parameters; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizer; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875021820	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizer on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition, and growth performance of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I., Adeofun C.O.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria; College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Adeofun, C.O., College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out at Akure in the rainforest of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of sole and amended oil palm bunch ash and spent grain with poultry and turkey manures as sources of fertilizers on the growth of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L) in the nursery. Eight organic fertilizer treatments, spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manures (sole forms), oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure, oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, were applied at 8t/ha (40g per 10kg soil filled poly bag) with an NPK fertilizer 400kg/ha (2g per bag) treatment as a reference and a control (no fertilizer; no manure), replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased significantly (P<0.05) plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root length, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contents relative to the control treatment. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment. Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H2O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment. In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. However, NPK 15- 15-15 fertilizers increased only soil K by 10% compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. The highest soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in NPK fertilizer treatment led to imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients to mango. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in improving mango growth parameters, leaf mineral composition, and soil fertility.	Growth performance and mango seedlings.; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizers; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859821836	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Performance and soil properties under tillage methods and poultry manure levels	Agbede T.M., Adekiya A.O.	2011	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	23	2	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Agbede, T.M., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adekiya, A.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Research study on the effect of tillage systems and application rate of poultry manure on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Alfisol of southwest Nigeria is lacking. Field trials were conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons on an Alfisol (Oxic Tropuldalf) at Owo in rainforest zone of southwest Nigeria. The trials consisted of the factorial combinations of two tillage methods (manual clearing and conventional tillage) and four manure levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) resulted in lower soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg and soil organic C and better leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations, growth and yield of sweet potato compared with manually cleared (MCo) plots. The better performance of sweet potato under conventional tillage (CTo) was adduced to reduced bulk density. Bulk density was negatively correlated with yield. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) improves sweet potato tuber yield by 62, 55 and 42% in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively compared with manual clearing alone (MCo). In both the manually cleared and conventionally tilled plots, soil organic C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and water content increased with amount of poultry manure, while soil pH, bulk density and temperature were reduced. Yields given by 5, 10 and 15 t/ha poultry manure were not significantly different under both manually cleared and conventionally tilled treatments. Conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) produced the highest overall yield. Compared with manual clearing alone (MCo) and conventional tillage alone (CTo), conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) improved tuber yield of sweet potato by 117 and 43%, respectively. Therefore the use of 5 t/ha poultry manure with conventional tillage is recommended for sweet potato production on an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria.	Bulk density; Nutrient concentrations; Poultry manure; Sweet potato; Tillage	Ipomoea batatas; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865661016	Evaluation of nutritive values of tropical feed sources and by-products using in vitro gas production technique in ruminant animals	Akinfemi A., Adua M.M., Adu O.A.	2012	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	24	4	None	Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinfemi, A., Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Adua, M.M., Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Adu, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of beans pods (BPS), dussa (fermented sorghum wastes) (DSS), groundnut shells (GNS) and maize offal (MZO) were evaluated by measuring the gas production in vitro for a period of 96 h. The crude protein (CP) contents were 12.24, 2.17, 7.39 and 2.54 % for BPS, DSS, GNS and MZO respectively. MZO showed the highest level of gas cumulative gas production all levels of incubation. The NDF, ADF and ADL were significantly different (p<0.05) among the agricultural wastes used in this study. The BPS, GNS and MZO showed the highest levels of NDF and ADF. The cumulative gas production for GNS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in comparison with other agricultural wastes. The fractional fermentation rate (c) at different times of incubation was high for DSS, BPS and MZO and lowest for GNS. Fermentation of the insoluble fraction (b) followed the same pattern. The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) ranged from 0.370 to 0.695 μm while organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 39.27 to 49.63 %. Beans pod exhibited the greatest estimated Metabolisable Energy (ME), SCFA and OMD. This result suggests that the tropical feed sources under study are all potential sources of energy for ruminant animals.	In-vitro gas production; Nutritive value; Ruminant; Tropical feeds	Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Bovidae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872852835	Evaluation of the nutritional potentials of physically treated cowpea seed hulls in poultry feed	Adebiyi O.A., Ologhobo A.D., Adu O.A., Olasehinde T.O.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	3	None	Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Toxicology, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Institute of Agricultural Research and T	Adebiyi, O.A., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Toxicology, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ologhobo, A.D., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Toxicology, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adu, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olasehinde, T.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P. M. B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Feeding has been reported to be responsible for the high cost observed in poultry production. The use of unconventional feedstuff for poultry production is however limited due to their fibrousness and inability of birds to possess the cellulase enzyme that can digest the fibre, nevertheless, physical treatments of these unconventional feedstuffs enhance their possibility in poultry production. The objective of this study therefore, was to evaluate the nutrient status of cowpea seed hull after being subjected to different treatment. The Cowpea seed hull that was not subjected to any form of treatment served as the control i.e. Untreated cowpea seed hull (UCH), while a portion was soaked and boiled (soaked and boiled cowpea seed hull, SBCH) and another portion soaked for 3 days, soaked cowpea seed hull (SCH). The seed hull in each treatment were analysed for their proximate composition, metabolisable energy (ME) and fibre fraction. The trial revealed a steady increase in crude protein (CP) of the test materials with the highest increase (18.43%) in crude protein recorded in SCH substrate compared to 6.73% increase in SBCH substrate. A corresponding decrease in crude fibre (CF) was recorded with 15.00% loss for SCH substrate while 6.97% loss in crude fibre was observed for SBCH substrate. Changes of 1.73% and 4.22% were recorded for nitrogen free extract (NFE) in SBCH and SCH respectively, while ME changes by 1.67% and 5.39% for SBCH and SCH substrates respectively. The effects of both physical treatments on ash and insoluble ash were not significant. Fibre analysis revealed that 7.55% (53.00% to 49.00%) and 18.87% (53.00% to 43.00%) of acid detergent fibre (ADF), 7.41% (81.00% to 75.00%) and 16.05% (81.00% to 68.00%) of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 2.5% (40.00% to 39.00%) and 22.5% (40.00% to 31.00%) of cellulose were loss in SBCH and SCH substrates respectively. There were no significant effects on the acid detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose components of the test samples due to these physical treatments. The result revealed that the different processing methods resulted in increase in the crude protein contents with a corresponding reduction in crude fibre of the seed hull. The changes observed must have been due to fermentation that occurred during the soaking of the seedhull.	Cowpea seed hull; Fibre fractions; Proximate composition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880666739	Effect of intra-row spacing and weeding frequency on the yield performance of sesame/cowpea intercrop	Udom G.N., Fagam A.S., Ekwere E.	2006	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	18	2	None	School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Udom, G.N., School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Fagam, A.S., School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ekwere, E., School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted simultaneously at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching and Research Farm, Bauchi, and Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme experimental sites, Bauchi (Lat. 10° 17'N 9° 49' E, and 609m above sea level), in the Northern Guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria during the 2002 wet season to study the response of sesame/ cowpea mixture to weeding frequency and intra-row spacings. The treatments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The result showed that the number of capsules per plant, 100-seed weight, capsules and grain yield per hectare of sesame were significantly (P<0.05) increased by one weeding frequency only at location I. The parameters were not significantly affected by weeding frequency in location II. The capsules length, number of capsules per plant, capsules and grain yield were significantly (P<0.05) affected by intra-row spacings. The capsules and grain yield of sesame increased significantly (P<0.05) with decreasing intra-row spacing and conversely capsules length and number decreased with decreasing intra-row spacing. The number of pods of cowpea significantly (P<0.05) increased by two weeding frequencies at location I and pod yield per hectare was also increased significantly by twice weeding at location II. All the other parameters such as pod lands, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and grain yield per hectare were not significantly affected by the treatments. The interaction between the intra-row spacings and weeding frequency were significant in affecting number of seed per capsules and 100-seed weight of sesame at location I, and number of pods and seed per pod of cowpea at location II. Intra-row spacing of 30cm and twice weedings produced the highest number of seed per capsules (68.2) and 20cm intra-row spacings with twice weeding produced the highest 100- seed weight. However, 30cm intra-row spacings with one weeding had highest number of pods (24.3) in cowpea plant and also 30cm intra-row spacing with twice weedings produced the highest seeds per pod in cowpea.	Intra-row spacing; Sesame/cowpea; Weeding; Yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960962281	Effect of cropping arrangements and rainfall on the performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in bauchi state, Nigeria	Ahmed B.I., Yusuf S.R., Garba A.A., Mustapha S.	2006	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	18	1	None	School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Ahmed, B.I., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Yusuf, S.R., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Garba, A.A., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mustapha, S., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria during the farming seasons of 1997-1999. The objective of the experiments was to establish the effects of cropping arrangements and rainfall on the performance of two varieties of okra plant (Indian long white and short local varieties) in terms of flower and fruit initiation as well as height and yield. Twenty four experimental plots were demarcated and arranged into eight treatment plots. Each treatment was replicated three times and the size of each of the plots was 4.2m x 3.6m. Results of the experiments clearly indicated that when the two varieties were independently grown with cotton, cowpea and groundnut at a ratio of one to one (1:1) per plot, performance of the plant especially in terms of height, flower, fruit initiation and yield was greatly enhanced. It is therefore, recommended that farmers should under rainfall condition practice growing okra particularly the two varieties tested (ILWV & SLV) with other plants such as cotton, cowpea or groundnut in order to increase the growth, development and yield of okra.	Cropping arrangements; Okra; Rainfall and performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952309981	Spotting the difference: Towards fully-automated population monitoring of African penguins Spheniscus demersus	Sherley R.B., Burghardt T., Barham P.J., Campbell N., Cuthill I.C.	2010	Endangered Species Research	11	2	10.3354/esr00267	Centre for Behavioural Biology, School of Biological Sci.ences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom; Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; Computerised Monitoring and Biometric Identification in Natural Environments (COMBINE), Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom	Sherley, R.B., Centre for Behavioural Biology, School of Biological Sci.ences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom, Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Burghardt, T., Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom, Computerised Monitoring and Biometric Identification in Natural Environments (COMBINE), Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; Barham, P.J., Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom; Campbell, N., Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; Cuthill, I.C., Centre for Behavioural Biology, School of Biological Sci.ences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom	Placing external monitoring devices onto seabirds can have deleterious effects on welfare and performance, and even the most benign marking and identification methods return sparse population data at a huge time and effort cost. Consequently, there is growing interest in methods that minimise disturbance but still allow robust population monitoring. We have developed a computer vision system that automatically creates a unique biometric identifier for individual adult African penguins Spheniscus demersus using natural markings in the chest plumage and matches this against a population database. We tested this non-invasive system in the field at Robben Island, South Africa. False individual identifications of detected penguins occurred in less than 1 in 10 000 comparisons (n = 73 600, genuine acceptance rate = 96.7%) to known individuals. The monitoring capacity in the field was estimated to be above 13% of the birds that passed a camera (n = 1453). A significant increase in this lower bound was recorded under favourable conditions. We conclude that the system is suitable for population monitoring of this species: the demonstrated sensitivity is comparable to computer-aided animal biometric monitoring systems in the literature. A full deployment of the system would identify more penguins than is possible with a complete exploitation of the current levels of flipper banding at Robben Island. Our study illustrates the potential of fully-automated, non-invasive, complete population monitoring of wild animals. © Inter-Res.earch 2010.	Biometrics; Computational biology; Conservation biology; Individual recognition; Population monitoring	biometry; biomonitoring; computer vision; conservation status; population dynamics; seabird; wild population; Robben Island; South Africa; Western Cape; Animalia; Aves; Spheniscidae; Spheniscus demersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892884623	Effectiveness and cost efficiency of monitoring mountain nyala in Bale Mountains National park, Ethiopia	Kinahan A.A., Bunnefeld N.	2012	Endangered Species Research	18	2	10.3354/esr00438	Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project, Bale Mountains National Park, PO Box 165, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Kinahan, A.A., Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project, Bale Mountains National Park, PO Box 165, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia; Bunnefeld, N., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Due to the financial limitations faced by many protected areas today, identifying costefficient monitoring protocols has become important in ensuring the long-term sustainability of conservation. The selection of monitoring protocols is usually driven by a range of factors, such as widespread practice or accuracy, but the cost efficiency of protocols is rarely considered. The mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni, classified by the IUCN as Endangered, is endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. This species has high economic potential for local communities through tourism and trophy hunting, but the expansion of human settlement is causing habitat degradation and fragmentation. A significant proportion of the global mountain nyala population occurs in Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP); thus the development of a long-term monitoring protocol was identified as a priority. Like many protected areas, the BMNP is operating well below its financial needs; hence developing a robust, cost-effective method that can detect changes in population size is important. We compared the effectiveness and cost efficiency of distance sampling and total counts. Results showed that while the population estimates were relatively similar, total counts under estimated population size but were more precise, had a greater power to detect changes in population size and required only 12% of the resources needed compared to distance sampling. We suggest that investing in initial comparisons of the effectiveness and costs of different methods can result in significant cost savings, without jeopardizing the effectiveness of a survey. © Inter-Research 2012.	Census techniques; DISTANCE; Ecological monitoring; Protected areas; Total counts	accuracy assessment; conservation management; cost-benefit analysis; deer; ecological impact; ecosystem response; endangered species; endemic species; environmental monitoring; human activity; human settlement; population modeling; population size; protected area; sustainability; Bale Mountains National Park; Ethiopia; Ethiopian Highlands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054767304	Global phylogeography of the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus: Implications for fisheries management and monitoring the shark fin trade	Benavides M.T., Horn R.L., Feldheim K.A., Shivji M.S., Clarke S.C., Wintner S., Natanson L., Braccini M., Boomer J.J., Gulak S.J.B., Chapman D.D.	2011	Endangered Species Research	14	1	10.3354/esr00337	Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Guy Harvey Research Institute, Save Our Seas Shark Center, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States; Field Museum, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States; Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BPD5 CEDEX, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia; KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umhlanga Rocks 4320 and Biomedical Resource Unit, Private Bag 2, Durban 4000, South Africa; NOAA Fisheries Service, 28 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States; Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, United States	Benavides, M.T., Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Horn, R.L., Guy Harvey Research Institute, Save Our Seas Shark Center, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States; Feldheim, K.A., Field Museum, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States; Shivji, M.S., Guy Harvey Research Institute, Save Our Seas Shark Center, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States; Clarke, S.C., Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BPD5 CEDEX, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia; Wintner, S., KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umhlanga Rocks 4320 and Biomedical Resource Unit, Private Bag 2, Durban 4000, South Africa; Natanson, L., NOAA Fisheries Service, 28 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States; Braccini, M., Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; Boomer, J.J., Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Gulak, S.J.B., NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, United States; Chapman, D.D., Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States	Genetic stock structure information is needed to delineate management units and monitor trade in sharks, many of which are heavily exploited and declining. The dusky shark Carcha -rhinus obscurus is a large apex predator that is sought after for its fins and is considered highly susceptible to overexploitation. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies this species as 'Vulnerable' globally and 'Endangered' in the northwest Atlantic. We make the first assessment of global stock structure of C. obscurus by analyzing part of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) in 255 individuals sampled from 8 geographically dispersed locations. We found 25 mtCR haplotypes and rejected a hypothesis of panmixia (analysis of molecular variance, ΦST = 0.55, p < 0.000001), detecting significant differentiation between 3 management units: US Atlantic (USATL), South Africa (SAF), and Australia (AUS). We also found preliminary evidence of population structure between the USATL and southwest Atlantic (Brazil). There were no shared haplotypes between the western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. These analyses suggest that replenishment of the collapsed USATL management unit via immigration of females from elsewhere is unlikely. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) simulations show that reconstruction of the relative contributions of USATL, SAF, and AUS management units to the Asian fin trade is possible using these mtCR sequences. We suggest avenues for obtaining samples to conduct MSA of the shark fin trade, which could enhance management of dusky sharks and other species that are exploited for their fins. © Inter-Research 2011.	Conservation; Mitochondrial DNA; Mixed stock analysis; Phylogeography	conservation management; endangered species; environmental monitoring; fishery management; mitochondrion; phylogeography; population structure; shark fishery; Australia; Brazil; South Africa; United States; Carcharhinus obscurus; Chondrichthyes	None
None	None	Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife	Vegter A.C., Barletta M., Beck C., Borrero J., Burton H., Campbell M.L., Costa M.F., Eriksen M., Eriksson C., Estrades A., Gilardi K.V.K., Hardesty B.D., Ivar do Sul J.A., Lavers J.L., Lazar B., Lebreton L., Nichols W.J., Ribic C.A., Ryan P.G., Schuyler Q	2014	Endangered Species Research	25	3	10.3354/esr00623	School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems-LEGECE, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP, Brazil; US Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center, Sirenia Project, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, United States; ECoast Marine Consulting and Research, Box 151, Raglan, New Zealand; Mary St, Hobart, TAS, Australia; School of Medical and Applied Science, Central Queensland University, Bryan Jordan Drive, Gladstone, QLD, Australia; 5 Gyres Institute, 2122 S. Spaulding Ave., Los Angeles, CA, United States; Karumbé, Av. Giannattasio km. 30.5, El Pinar, Canelones, Uruguay; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, United States; Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Oceanography Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n Cidade Universitária-Recife, PE, Brazil; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaska 8, Koper, Slovenia; Dumpark Ltd., Data Science, Raglan, New Zealand; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States; US Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia; Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan; School of Biological Sciences, Moreton Bay Research Station, The University of Queensland, PO Box 138, Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island, QLD, Australia; Secretariat of the Pacific Community, B.P. D5, Noumea, New Caledonia; Pacific Rim Conservation, Honolulu, HI, United States; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; TropWater, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia	Vegter, A.C., School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Barletta, M., Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems-LEGECE, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP, Brazil; Beck, C., US Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center, Sirenia Project, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, United States; Borrero, J., ECoast Marine Consulting and Research, Box 151, Raglan, New Zealand; Burton, H., Mary St, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Campbell, M.L., School of Medical and Applied Science, Central Queensland University, Bryan Jordan Drive, Gladstone, QLD, Australia; Costa, M.F., Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems-LEGECE, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP, Brazil; Eriksen, M., 5 Gyres Institute, 2122 S. Spaulding Ave., Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eriksson, C., Mary St, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Estrades, A., Karumbé, Av. Giannattasio km. 30.5, El Pinar, Canelones, Uruguay; Gilardi, K.V.K., School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, United States; Hardesty, B.D., Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Ivar do Sul, J.A., Oceanography Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n Cidade Universitária-Recife, PE, Brazil; Lavers, J.L., Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Lazar, B., Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaska 8, Koper, Slovenia; Lebreton, L., Dumpark Ltd., Data Science, Raglan, New Zealand; Nichols, W.J., California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States; Ribic, C.A., US Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Ryan, P.G., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Schuyler, Q.A., School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Smith, S.D.A., National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia; Takada, H., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan; Townsend, K.A., School of Biological Sciences, Moreton Bay Research Station, The University of Queensland, PO Box 138, Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island, QLD, Australia; Wabnitz, C.C.C., Secretariat of the Pacific Community, B.P. D5, Noumea, New Caledonia; Wilcox, C., Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Young, L.C., Pacific Rim Conservation, Honolulu, HI, United States; Hamann, M., School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia, TropWater, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia	Marine wildlife faces a growing number of threats across the globe, and the survival of many species and populations will be dependent on conservation action. One threat in particular that has emerged over the last 4 decades is the pollution of oceanic and coastal habitats with plastic debris. The increased occurrence of plastics in marine ecosystems mirrors the increased prevalence of plastics in society, and reflects the high durability and persistence of plastics in the environment. In an effort to guide future research and assist mitigation approaches to marine conservation, we have generated a list of 16 priority research questions based on the expert opinions of 26 researchers from around the world, whose research expertise spans several disciplines, and covers each of the world's oceans and the taxa most at risk from plastic pollution. This paper highlights a growing concern related to threats posed to marine wildlife from microplastics and fragmented debris, the need for data at scales relevant to management, and the urgent need to develop interdisciplinary research and management partnerships to limit the release of plastics into the environment and curb the future impacts of plastic pollution. © Inter-Research 2014.	Global; Marine wildlife; Plastic; Pollution; Priority	marine ecosystem; marine environment; nature conservation; plastic waste; pollution effect; survival	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939147415	Screening and evaluation of some green algal strains (Chlorophyceae) isolated from freshwater and soda lakes for biofuel production	Selvarajan R., Felföldi T., Tauber T., Sanniyasi E., Sibanda T., Tekere M.	2015	Energies	8	7	10.3390/en8077502	Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India	Selvarajan, R., Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa, Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c., Budapest, Hungary, Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Felföldi, T., Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c., Budapest, Hungary; Tauber, T., Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c., Budapest, Hungary; Sanniyasi, E., Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Sibanda, T., Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa; Tekere, M., Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa	Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in large amounts and within short periods of time and these can be processed into both biofuels and other useful commercial products. Due to this reason microalgae are considered as a potential source of renewable energy; and one of the most important decisions in obtaining oil from microalgae is the choice of species. In this study, the potential of Chlorophyceae species isolated from freshwater and soda lakes in Hungary and Romania (Central Europe) were characterized and evaluated by determining their biomass accumulation, lipid productivity, fatty acid profiles, and biodiesel properties besides protein and carbohydrate productivity. Out of nine strains tested, three accumulated more than 40% dry weight of protein, four accumulated more than 30% dry weight of carbohydrate and the strain Chlorella vulgaris LC8 accumulated high lipid content (42.1% ± 2.6%) with a favorable C16-C18 fatty acid profile (77.4%) as well as suitable biodiesel properties of high cetane number (57.3), low viscosity (4.7 mm2/s), lower iodine number (75.18 g I<inf>2</inf>/100 g), relative cloud point (8.8 °C) and negative cold filter plugging point (-6.5 °C). Hence the new strain, Chlorella vulgaris LC8 has potential as a feedstock for the production of excellent quality biodiesel.	Biofuel; Fatty acids; Fresh water; Microalgae; Soda lake	Algae; Biodiesel; Biofuels; Carbohydrates; Lakes; Microorganisms; Productivity; Proteins; Water; Biodiesel properties; Biomass accumulation; Cold filter plugging point; Fresh Water; Lipid productivities; Micro-algae; Photosynthetic microorganisms; Soda lakes; Fatty acids	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947420822	Evaluation of cooking energy cost, efficiency, impact on air pollution and policy in Nigeria	Anozie A.N., Bakare A.R., Sonibare J.A., Oyebisi T.O.	2007	Energy	32	7	10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.004	Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Technology Planning and Development Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Anozie, A.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Bakare, A.R., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sonibare, J.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oyebisi, T.O., Technology Planning and Development Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study evaluated the cooking energy costs and efficiencies, the air pollution impacts of cooking energy consumption and the impact of the energy policy in the cooking energy sector in Nigeria. Water boiling and cooking experiments using the common cooking energy sources (fuel wood, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity) and common food items (water, yam and beans) were carried out. Energy surveys were carried out to determine the cooking energy use patterns in the urban and rural areas. It was found that fuel wood is the least expensive cooking energy source and LPG is the most expensive. Energy use efficiencies for boiling water were estimated at 25%, 46%, 73%, 79%, 66% and 90% for fuel wood, kerosene, gas, electric immersion coil, electric heating coil and electric hot plate, respectively. Energy intensity was found to be a comparative measure of energy efficiency. The impacts of air pollution from household cooking suggested a possibility of significant air pollutants contribution to the ambient environment using any of the energy carriers considered except electricity. The cooking energy use patterns showed that fuel wood is the predominant energy source for cooking in the rural areas while kerosene is the predominant energy source in the urban areas, revealing that the energy policy in the country had made no impact in the cooking energy sector. Recommendations for improving the energy supply situation were given and for removing the barriers that prevent the implementation of the recommendations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cooking energy; Cost; Efficiency; Impact on air pollution; Policy	Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy utilization; Kerosene; Liquefied petroleum gas; Air pollutants; Cooking energy; Energy carriers; Air pollution; Air pollution; Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy utilization; Kerosene; Liquefied petroleum gas; atmospheric pollution; energy conservation; energy efficiency; energy policy; fuel consumption; fuelwood; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; rural area; urban area; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Dioscorea alata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867234287	Optimum performance of the small-scale open and direct solar thermal Brayton cycle at various environmental conditions and constraints	Le Roux W.G., Bello-Ochende T., Meyer J.P.	2012	Energy	46	1	10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.034	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	Le Roux, W.G., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Bello-Ochende, T., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Meyer, J.P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	The Brayton cycle's heat source can be obtained from solar energy instead of the combustion of fuel. The irreversibilities of the open and direct solar thermal Brayton cycle with recuperator are mainly due to heat transfer across a finite temperature difference and fluid friction, which limit the net power output of such a system. In this work, the method of total entropy generation minimisation is applied to optimise the geometries of the receiver and recuperator at various steady-state weather conditions. For each steady-state weather condition, the optimum turbine operating point is also found. The authors specifically investigate the effect of wind and solar irradiance on the maximum net power output of the system. The effects of other conditions and constraints, on the maximum net power output, are also investigated. These include concentrator error, concentrator reflectivity and maximum allowable surface temperature of the receiver. Results show how changed solar beam irradiance and wind speed affect the system net power output and optimum operating point of the micro-turbine. A dish concentrator with fixed focal length, an off-the-shelf micro-turbine and a modified cavity receiver is considered. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Brayton; Geometry; Optimum; Receiver; Recuperator; Solar	Brayton; Direct solar; Dish concentrator; Environmental conditions; Finite temperature differences; Fluid friction; Focal lengths; Heat sources; Micro turbine; Modified cavity receiver; Operating points; Optimum; Optimum performance; Power out put; Solar; Solar beam; Solar irradiances; Surface temperatures; System net; Total entropy; Weather conditions; Wind speed; Brayton cycle; Concentration (process); Entropy; Fuels; Geometry; Meteorology; Receivers (containers); Recuperators; Solar heating; Thermoelectric power; combustion; environmental conditions; error analysis; geometry; irradiance; optimization; performance assessment; power generation; renewable resource; solar cycle; steady-state equilibrium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947381764	Effect of flow maldistribution on thermal performance of a solar air heater array with subcollectors in parallel	Karwa R., Karwa N., Misra R., Agarwal P.C.	2007	Energy	32	7	10.1016/j.energy.2006.08.002	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110 016, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 011, India	Karwa, R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Karwa, N., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110 016, India; Misra, R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 011, India; Agarwal, P.C., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 011, India	This paper presents results of a theoretical study carried out to investigate the effect of flow maldistribution, caused by the manufacturing imperfections and tolerances, on the thermal efficiency of a solar air heater array with subcollectors in parallel. The air mass flow rate, ambient temperature, solar insolation and wind heat transfer coefficient have been systematically varied to study the effect under a wide range of these parameters. The collector length, duct height, and plate emissivity were also changed to study their effect. It has been found that the maximum reduction in thermal efficiency due to flow maldistribution is less than about 3% for an array with a commercial grade finish of duct surfaces and ±10% manufacturing tolerance for the duct height. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flow imbalance; Solar air heater array; Subcollectors in parallel; Thermal performance	Heat transfer coefficients; Natural convection; Solar collectors; Thermal effects; Flow imbalance; Solar air heater array; Subcollectors in parallel; Thermal performance; Solar heating; Heat transfer coefficients; Natural convection; Solar collectors; Solar heating; Thermal effects; air mass; flow pattern; performance assessment; photovoltaic system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349105019	Thermal performance of a small oil-in-glass tube thermal energy storage system during charging	Mawire A., McPherson M., van den Heetkamp R.R.J.	2009	Energy	34	7	10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.016	Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Priv. Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; McPherso Academic Consulting, Postnet Suite 194, Private Bag X2230, Mafikeng South 2791, South Africa	Mawire, A., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Priv. Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; McPherson, M., McPherso Academic Consulting, Postnet Suite 194, Private Bag X2230, Mafikeng South 2791, South Africa; van den Heetkamp, R.R.J., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Priv. Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	A very small oil-in-glass tube thermal energy storage (TES) system is designed to allow for rapid heat transfer experiments. An electrical hot plate in thermal contact with a steel spiral coil (SSC) is used to charge the TES system under different hot plate temperatures and under different average charging flow rates. Thermal performance during charging is presented in terms of the axial temperature distribution, the axial degree of thermal stratification, the total energy stored and the total exergy stored. The energy and exergy delivery rates of the energy delivery device (EDD) are also evaluated in relation to the thermal performance of the storage system. Results of charging the storage system under different hot plate temperatures indicate that there is an optimal charging temperature for optimal thermal performance. The results also indicate that exceeding this optimal temperature leads to a degradation of the thermal performance due to increased heat losses. Charging at the same temperature conditions under different flow rate regimes suggests that there is an optimal charging flow rate. This optimal flow rate is a compromise between achieving a greater heat transfer rate in the EDD and achieving a greater degree of thermal stratification in the TES system. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Charging; Energy; Exergy; Oil-in-glass tube; Thermal energy storage; Thermal performance	Charging; Energy; Energy and exergy; Energy delivery; Glass tubes; Heat transfer rate; Hot plate temperature; Hot plates; Oil-in-glass tube; Optimal flows; Optimal temperature; Spiral coils; Storage systems; Temperature conditions; Thermal contact; Thermal energy storage systems; Thermal performance; Total energy; Exergy; Flow rate; Flywheels; Glass; Heat exchangers; Heat storage; Nanosensors; Optimization; Thermal energy; Thermal stratification; Tubes (components); Mixed convection; design; exergy; heat transfer; performance assessment; steel; storage; thermal power; Helicodiscus bonamicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907535044	Mathematical modelling for the social impact to energy efficiency savings	Ekpenyong U.E., Zhang J., Xia X.	2014	Energy and Buildings	84	None	10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.08.019	Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom	Ekpenyong, U.E., Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Zhang, J., Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom; Xia, X., Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated to quantify the social impact an individual has on his/her community when he/she performs any energy efficiency project and transmits that information to his/her neighbours. This model is called the expected power savings model; it combines direct and indirect expected power savings of the energy efficiency project for each individual within the network. The indirect savings are quantified through the social interactions people in the network. The example used in this paper illustrates the effectiveness of the model by identifying the households who should have free solar water heaters installed in their residential houses based on their influence through interactions in their community. Two case studies are considered in this paper, single and multiple sources case studies. In the multiple source case study, the results show that it is not necessarily the people with the highest connections who provide the maximum expected power savings. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Influence; Information transfer; Probability; Social impact; Social network; Solar water heaters	Energy efficiency; Probability; Social networking (online); Solar water heaters; Efficiency savings; Influence; Information transfers; Social impact; Energy utilization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053335269	Performance investigation of ozone-friendly R404A and R507 refrigerants as alternatives to R22 in a window air-conditioner	Bolaji B.O.	2011	Energy and Buildings	43	11	10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.011	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, experimental research was carried out to investigate the performance of R22 and its ozone-friendly alternative refrigerants (R404A and R507) in a window air-conditioner. The performance parameters of the system using R22 were considered as benchmarks and those obtained using alternative refrigerants were compared. Experimental results showed that R22 had the lowest pressure ratio and discharge temperature closely followed by R507. The average discharge temperature obtained using R507 and R404A were 4.2% and 15.3% higher than that of R22, respectively. The lowest compressor power and energy consumption were obtained from R507 retrofitted system. Also, the highest refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) were obtained using R507 in the system. The average refrigeration capacities of R507 and R404A were 4.7% higher and 8.4% lower than that of R22, respectively, while the average COP of R507 increased by 10.6% and that of R404A reduced by 16.0% with respect to that of R22. Generally, the investigation has revealed that R507 can be used successfully as a retrofitting refrigerant in existing window air-conditioners originally designed to use R22 in the event of HCFC phased out. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative; Experimental; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Window air-conditioners	Air conditioners; Alternative; Alternative refrigerant; Coefficient of performance; Compressor power; Discharge temperature; Experimental; Experimental research; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Performance parameters; Pressure ratio; Refrigeration capacity; Retrofitted system; Air conditioning; Energy utilization; Ozone; Refrigeration; Retrofitting; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872173988	Development and performance evaluation of a mobile solar dryer for cassava chips	Olalusi A.P., Ogunlowo A.S., Bolaji B.O.	2012	Energy and Environment	23	8	10.1260/0958-305X.23.8.1261	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Olalusi, A.P., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Ogunlowo, A.S., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, a mobile, indirect passive solar drying system was designed and constructed on the principles of convective heat flow using locally sourced materials to dry cassava chips. The performance of the dryer was evaluated and the results obtained showed that the system is to a large extent effective in dehydrating food items reasonably and rapidly to a save moisture level. The maximum temperatures obtained in the collector, lower and upper parts of the drying chamber were 78.5, 71.0 and 68.5 C, respectively during the validation test at no-load operating condition, while maximum temperature of 71.0, 62.5 and 60.0deg;C, respectively were obtained during the dehydration test. The maximum ambient air temperature was 33.5deg;C. The dryer was able to reduce the moisture content of 500 g cassava chips from 74.5 to 20.3% (dry basis) in 6 hours of effective dehydration time. The system overall thermal efficiency and average drying rate were found to be 58.4% and 0.083 kg/h, respectively.	cassava chips; dryer; mobile; performance; solar	Ambient air temperature; Cassava chips; Convective heat; Drying chambers; Drying rates; Locally sourced materials; Maximum temperature; mobile; Moisture level; Operating condition; Passive solar; performance; Performance evaluation; solar; Thermal efficiency; Validation test; Dehydration; Dryers (equipment); Moisture determination; Solar dryers; Plants (botany); air temperature; ambient air; cassava; heat flow; temperature effect; Calluna vulgaris; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887939430	The impact of a multilateral electricity generation tax on competitiveness in southern africa: A computable general equilibrium analysis using the global trade analysis project	Seymore R., Van Heerden J.H., Mabugu M.	2013	Energy and Environment	24	6	10.1260/0958-305X.24.6.917	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Seymore, R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Mabugu, M., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The South African Government announced, in the 2008 Budget Review, the intention to tax the generation of electricity from non-renewable sources with 2c/kWh. The intention of the tax is to serve a dual purpose of managing the potential electricity shortages in South Africa and to protect the environment. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of an electricity generation tax on the international competitiveness of South Africa. Specifically, different scenarios are assessed to establish whether the loss of competitiveness can be negated through an international, multilateral electricity generation tax. The paper firstly considers the beneficial impact of environmental taxation on the competitiveness of a country. We subsequently apply the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model to evaluate the impact of an electricity generation tax on the competitiveness of South Africa, given multilateral taxes on SACU, SADC and European Union economies. It is shown that an electricity generation tax will indeed affect the competitiveness of South Africa in a negative way. Furthermore, SACU and SADC wide implementation will marginally reinforce these negative effects. However, a multilateral electricity generation tax across SACU or SADC countries will result in emission reductions, but lower than in the case of a unilateral electricity generation tax. In contrast, the cost to the South African economy could be limited, if the European Union would follow suit and implement an electricity generation tax. One could therefore argue in favour of global rules for environmental taxes, since this will ensure minimum negative competitiveness effects on participating countries.	competitiveness; electricity tax; GTAP	competitiveness; Computable general equilibrium; Electricity generation; Environmental taxation; Environmental taxes; GTAP; International competitiveness; South African government; Competition; Electric generators; Electricity; Emission control; International trade; Taxation; Economic analysis; competitiveness; computable general equilibrium analysis; electricity generation; environmental protection; global trade; potential energy; tax system; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855259641	Impact of gas exploitation on the environmental radioactivity of Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Area, Nigeria	Ononugbo C.P., Avwiri G.O., Chad-Umoren Y.E.	2011	Energy and Environment	22	8	10.1260/0958-305X.22.8.1017	Department of Physics, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ononugbo, C.P., Department of Physics, Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria; Avwiri, G.O., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Chad-Umoren, Y.E., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	A key component of the current national energy policy of Nigeria is to efficiently utilize her abundant natural gas reserves, especially in the energy sector. This paper reports a study of the terrestrial radioactivity in the industrial areas of Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area (ONELGA) of Rivers State. These industrial areas and their host communities were divided into six (6) zones, each having an oil and gas facility. An in-situ measurement was done using two well calibrated nuclear radiation meters (digilert-100 and digilert-50) and geographical positioning system (GPS). Ten readings were taken in each of the six zones and the host community at randomly selected sites, making a total of 60 sampling points. The mean site radiation level ranges from 0.014 ± 0.001mRh -1 (1.183 ± 0.060mSvy -1) to 0.018 ± 0.002mRh -1 (1.689± 0.085mSvy -1) while the mean community radiation level ranges from 0.014 ± 0.001mRh -1 (1.183± 0.06mSvy -1) to 0.017 ± 0.001mRh -1 (1.435 ± 0.072mSvyr -1). The equivalent dose has an average range of 1.056 mSvy -1 to 2.871 mSvy -1, which is far below the recommended dose limit for radiological workers (20mSvy -1) but averagely above that for the general public (1mSvyr -1). Comparison of the measured radiation level of site locations with the normal background level shows that 43 locations, representing 71.7% of the sampled area, exceed the normal background level of 0.013mRh -1. This study indicates that there is no immediate radiological health hazard for the host communities and workers, however there may be long-term health challenges.	dose equivalent; environmental radiation; oil and gas industry; Terrestrial radioactivity	Background level; Dose equivalent; Dose limits; Energy sector; Environmental radiation; Environmental radioactivity; Equivalent dose; Gas exploitation; General publics; In-situ measurement; Industrial area; Key component; Local government areas; National energy policy; Natural gas reserves; Nigeria; Nuclear radiations; Oil and gas; Oil and Gas Industry; Positioning system; Radiation levels; Sampling points; Site location; Energy policy; Gas industry; Health hazards; Natural gas; Radiation; Radioactivity; Radiology; Proven reserves; energy policy; gas industry; gas supply; GPS; health risk; oil industry; radioactivity; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65849433697	Potential impacts of integrated oil and gas plant on ambient air quality	Sonibare J.A., Ede P.N.	2009	Energy and Environment	20	3	10.1260/095830509788066394	Environment Department, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, River State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Ch	Sonibare, J.A., Environment Department, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria; Ede, P.N., Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, River State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The ISCST-3 model has been used to study the ground level concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), particulate matter less than 10.0 microns in diameter (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The purpose was to predict air quality effects from an integrated oil and gas project (IOGP) proposed for the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The emissions of 12 elevated point sources for criteria air pollutants were considered with eight different scenarios. Both natural gas-fired and diesel (AGO) fired equipment were considered for the identified emission sources. Five years of hourly meteorological observations were used in the prediction of the ground level concentration of the pollutants. The model outputs show a general maximum ground level concentration between 0.5 - 3.5 km, with easterly and north-easterly receptors having the greatest concentration. The pollutants emitted in the greatest concentration in their order of magnitude were CO, NOx and PM10. Maximum ground level concentration for 1, 8 and 24 - hr periods for CO were below regulatory standards (less than 10%) for scenarios 1 - 4 when the fuel is natural gas. The 8 - hr ground level concentrations were about 1.3 folds of the World Bank Standard in scenarios 5 - 8 when the fuel sources are switched to AGO. However in these scenarios, the Nigerian environment and petroleum ministries' emission limits were not breached for all the averaging periods. Modelled NOX concentrations were significant in all the scenarios except 3 and 4. Though NOX concentrations were within the standards for all the averaging periods in scenarios 1 - 4, except the 1 - hr limit that was breached in scenarios 1 and 2, these concentrations were about 1.1 - 2.8 folds in all the averaging periods of all the standards in scenarios 5 - 8. The predicted PM10 and SO2 concentrations are all below the guideline limits. If the use of AGO is completely avoided in the entire life of the proposed IOGP, the air quality of its immediate vicinity can be protected. Furthermore, the declaration of a radius 1.75 km natural forest buffer around the plant and continuous monitoring of ground level concentrations of CO, NOX, PM10, and SO2 may further assist in guaranteeing the safety of people in terms of air quality. The study shows the need for policy formulation that will integrate comprehensive cumulative impacts assessment of air quality in the environmental laws regulating the gas development projects in Nigeria.	None	Ambient air quality; Continuous monitoring; Criteria air pollutants; Cumulative impacts; Emission limits; Emission sources; Environmental law; Fuel source; Gas development projects; Ground level concentrations; Guideline limits; Integrated oil and gas project; Meteorological observation; Model outputs; Natural forests; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Nigerians; Oil and gas; Order of magnitude; Oxides of nitrogen; Particulate Matter; Point sources; Policy formulation; Potential impacts; Regulatory standards; Sulphur dioxide; World bank; Air quality; Atmospherics; Concentration (process); Environmental regulations; Gas industry; Gas plants; Gases; Leakage (fluid); Natural gas; Permanent magnets; Standards; Sulfur; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon monoxide; air quality; atmospheric pollution; carbon monoxide; emission; gas production; nitrogen oxides; oil production; particulate matter; sulfur dioxide; Africa; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872174349	Environmental impact of an industrial compressed air system with a solar powered compressor in South Africa	Gouws R.	2012	Energy and Environment	23	8	10.1260/0958-305X.23.8.1327	Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2522, South Africa	Gouws, R., Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2522, South Africa	Almost 14% of the electricity generated by the national energy supplier (Eskom) in South Africa is sold directly to the mining sector and almost 20% is utilized directly by the compressed air systems of the mining sector. The industrial compressed air systems in South Africa therefore have a substantial impact on the environment in terms of emissions output. In this paper a solar powered compressor is installed parallel to an existing industrial compressed air system. The environmental (emissions) impact and energy consumption of the industrial compressed air system with the solar powered compressor is calculated and the results are provided. It is shown from the results that the solar powered air compressor improved the overall system efficiency and lowered the carbon footprint of the industrial compressed air system. The impact of the energy improvement on the amount of trees required to offset the calculated amount of CO2 is also provided.	emissions impact; energy efficiency; Industrial compressed air; solar power	Compressed air system; Energy suppliers; Impact on the environment; Mining sector; Solar-powered; South Africa; System efficiency; Carbon dioxide; Carbon footprint; Compressed air; Compressed air motors; Compressors; Energy efficiency; Energy utilization; Environmental impact; Industry; Solar energy; Industrial emissions; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; compressed air; energy efficiency; environmental impact; mining industry; solar power; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955865433	Performance evaluation of fuel blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel in a compression ignition engine	Lujaji F., Bereczky A., Mbarawa M.	2010	Energy and Fuels	24	8	10.1021/ef100456a	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	Lujaji, F., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Mbarawa, M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Emission problems associated with the use of fossil fuels have led to numerous research works on the use of renewable fuels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of blends containing croton oil (CRO), 1-butanol (BU), and diesel (D2) on the engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. Samples investigated were 20% CRO-80% D2, 15% CRO-5% BU-80% D2, and 10% CRO-10% BU-80% D2, with D2 as the baseline. The density, viscosity, cetane number, and contents of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen were measured by ASTM standards. A four-cylinder turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine was used for the tests. It was observed that the brake specific energy consumption of blends was found to be high compared to that of the D2 fuel. The addition of BU in the blend reduces the brake thermal efficiency values. BU-containing blends show peak cylinder pressures and heat release rates comparable to those of D2 on higher engine loads. Carbon dioxide and smoke emissions of the BU blends were lower in comparison to those of the D2 fuel. © 2010 American Chemical Society.	None	1-butanol; ASTM Standards; Brake thermal efficiency; Cetane number; Compression ignition engine; Direct injection diesel engines; Emission characteristics; Engine load; Engine performance; Fuel blends; Heat release rates; Peak cylinder pressures; Performance evaluation; Renewable fuels; Smoke Emission; Specific energy consumption; Alcohols; Brakes; Carbon dioxide; Diesel engines; Energy utilization; Fossil fuels; Machine design; Oxygen; Vegetable oils; Engine cylinders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81555228181	Evaluation of the oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from moringa oleifera oil	Kivevele T.T., Mbarawa M.M., Bereczky A., Zöldy M.	2011	Energy and Fuels	25	11	10.1021/ef200855b	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; DSD Product Development, MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company, Post Office Box 1, H-2443 Százhalombatta, Hungary	Kivevele, T.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Mbarawa, M.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Zöldy, M., DSD Product Development, MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Public Limited Company, Post Office Box 1, H-2443 Százhalombatta, Hungary	Biodiesel is considered as an alternative fuel to petroleum-based conventional diesel fuel. Dependent upon the raw material, biodiesel can contain more or less unsaturated fatty acids in its composition, which are susceptible to oxidation reactions accelerated by exposure to oxygen and high temperatures. The present study evaluated the oxidative stability of biodiesel produced by methanolysis of Moringa oleifera oil, primarily available on the African continent. The evaluation was conducted by means of the Rancimat instrument, at a temperature of 110 °C, with an air flow of 10 L/h. Moringa oil methyl ester (MOME) displayed an oxidation stability of 5.05 h. Thus, MOME met the oxidative stability requirement in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751 standard, which prescribes a minimum of 3 h, but did not meet the minimum requirement prescribed in the EN 14214 standard, which is 6 h. Also, this study evaluated the effectiveness of four antioxidants, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene [pyrogallol (PY)], 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid [propyl gallate (PG)], 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol [butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)], and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol [butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)], on the oxidation stability of MOME. The result showed that the effectiveness of these antioxidants was in the order of PY > PG > BHA > BHT. © 2011 American Chemical Society.	None	Air flow; American society for testing and materials; Butylated hydroxytoluene; EN 14214; High temperature; Methanolysis; Methyl esters; Moringa; Moringa oleifera; Oxidation reactions; Oxidation stability; Oxidative stability; Propyl gallate; Rancimat; Alternative fuels; Biodiesel; Diesel fuels; Materials testing; Oxidation; Oxidation resistance; Unsaturated fatty acids; Stability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35348945847	Performance synergies between low-temperature and high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch diesel blends	Lamprecht D., Dancuart L.P., Harrilall K.	2007	Energy and Fuels	21	5	10.1021/ef0701283	Fischer-Tropsch Refinery Catalysis, Sasol Technology Research and Development, P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Sasol Technology (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Sasol Technology Fuels Research, P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Lamprecht, D., Fischer-Tropsch Refinery Catalysis, Sasol Technology Research and Development, P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Dancuart, L.P., Sasol Technology (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Harrilall, K., Sasol Technology Fuels Research, P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	The highly paraffinic related fuel properties such as high H:C ratio, high cetane number, and low density together with the virtually zero-sulfur and very low aromatics content of low-temperature Fischer - Tropsch (LTFT) derived synthetic diesel contribute to its clean combustion performance. The low density and low aromatic content however results in LTFT diesel having a lower volumetric heating value than conventional diesel and elastomer compatibility concerns where the diesel is to be used in a mixed fuel scenario. Blending LTFIF diesel with another synthetic derived fuel with similar, good fuel properties, but which contains monoaromatics, such as the coal derived high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTFF) diesel, could unlock potential performance synergies in the fuel properties of such blends. The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel blends have an ultralow sulfur content, high cetane number, and good cold flow properties and are stable under specified storage and oxidizing conditions. With the presence of about 25% mono-aromatics in HTFT diesel, the shrinking nature of swollen elastomer seals typically found in diesel fuel injection systems is less when exposed to the FT blend than when exposed to neat LTFT diesel. The HTFT diesel improves the volumetric heating value and fuel economy of the LTFT diesel in such an FF blend with comparable particular matter and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions. Although the blend with HTFF diesel increases the volumetric heating value, it decreases the specific heating value (mass basis). These alternative diesel fuel blends therefore provide future fuel characteristics that are compatible with current infrastructure and technology. © 2007 American Chemical Society.	None	Blending; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; High temperature properties; Low temperature properties; Synthetic fuels; Diesel blends; Fuel properties; Synergy; Diesel fuels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349448406	Performance analysis of a composite dual-winding reluctance machine	Anih L.U., Obe E.S.	2009	Energy Conversion and Management	50	12	10.1016/j.enconman.2009.08.008	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Anih, L.U., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Obe, E.S., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	The electromagnetic energy conversion process of a composite dual-winding asynchronous reluctance machine is presented. The mechanism of torque production is explained using the magnetic fields distributions. The dynamic model developed in dq-rotor reference frame from first principles depicts the machine operation and response to sudden load change. The device is self-starting in the absence of rotor conductors and its starting current is lower than that of a conventional induction machine. Although the machine possesses salient pole rotors, it is clearly shown that its performance is that of an induction motor operating at half the synchronous speed. Hence the device produces synchronous torque while operating asynchronously. Simple tests were conducted on a prototype demonstration machine and the results obtained are seen to be in tune with the theory and the steady-state calculations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Asynchronous; Composite; Dual-winding; Flux density; Half-speed; Induction machine; Reluctance	Asynchronous; Composite; Dual-winding; Flux density; Half-speed; Induction machine; Reluctance; Dynamic response; Electric windings; Electromagnetic waves; Energy conversion; Induction motors; Magnetic fields; Synchronous motors; Winding; Rotors (windings)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904987191	Performance characteristics of solar air heater with surface mounted obstacles	Bekele A., Mishra M., Dutta S.	2014	Energy Conversion and Management	85	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.079	Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India	Bekele, A., Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Mishra, M., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India; Dutta, S., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India	The performance of conventional solar air heaters (SAHs) can be improved by providing obstacles on the heated wall (i.e. on the absorber plate). Experiments have been performed to collect heat transfer and flow-friction data from an air heater duct with delta-shaped obstacles mounted on the absorber surface and having an aspect ratio 6:1 resembling the conditions close to the solar air heaters. This study encompassed for the range of Reynolds number (Re) from 2100 to 30,000, relative obstacle height (e/H) from 0.25 to 0.75, relative obstacle longitudinal pitch (Pl/e) from 3/2 to 11/2, relative obstacle transverse pitch (Pt/b) from 1 to 7/3 and the angle of incidence (α) varied from 30° to 90°. The thermo-hydraulic performance characteristics of SAH have been compared with the previous published works and the optimum range of the geometries have been explored for the better performance of such air-heaters compared to the other designs of solar air heaters. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Friction factor; Heat transfer; Obstacle; Solar air heater; Thermo-hydraulic performance	Aspect ratio; Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Solar equipment; Angle of Incidence; Better performance; Friction factors; Longitudinal pitch; Obstacle; Performance characteristics; Solar air heater; Thermo-hydraulic performance; Solar heating	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883482993	Evaluation of the maximized power of a regenerative endoreversible Stirling cycle using the thermodynamic analysis	Ahmadi M.H., Mohammadi A.H., Dehghani S.	2013	Energy Conversion and Management	76	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.082	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran; Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France; Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Ahmadi, M.H., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran; Mohammadi, A.H., Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Dehghani, S., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran	In this communication, the optimal power of an endoreversible Stirling cycle with perfect regeneration is investigated. In the endoreversible cycle, external heat transfer processes are irreversible. Optimal temperature of the heat source leading to a maximum power for the cycle is detained. Moreover, effect of design parameters of the Stirling engine on the maximized power of the engine and its corresponding thermal efficiency is studied. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ideal regenerative; Multi-objective optimization; Power; Stirling engine; Thermal efficiency	Design parameters; Endoreversible cycles; External heat transfer; Ideal regenerative; Optimal temperature; Power; Thermal efficiency; Thermo dynamic analysis; Multiobjective optimization; Stirling engines; Thermoanalysis; Stirling cycle	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892690099	Performance evaluation and economic analysis of a gas turbine power plant in Nigeria	Oyedepo S.O., Fagbenle R.O., Adefila S.S., Adavbiele S.A.	2014	Energy Conversion and Management	79	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.034	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, A	Oyedepo, S.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Fagbenle, R.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adefila, S.S., Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Adavbiele, S.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	In this study, performance evaluation and economic analysis (in terms of power outage cost due to system downtime) of a gas turbine power plant in Nigeria have been carried out for the period 2001-2010. The thermal power station consists of nine gas turbine units with total capacity of 301 MW (9 × 31.5 MW). The study reveals that 64.3% of the installed capacity was available in the period. The percentage of shortfall of energy generated in the period ranged from 4.18% to 14.53% as against the acceptable value of 5-10%. The load factor of the plant is between 20.8% and 78.2% as against international best practice of 80%. The average availability of the plant for the period was about 64% as against industry best practice of 95%, while the average use factor was about 92%. The capacity factor of the plant ranged from 20.8% to 78.23% while the utilization factor ranged from 85.47% to 95.82%. For the ten years under review, there was energy generation loss of about 35.7% of expected energy generation of 26.411 TW h with consequent plant performance of 64.3%. The study further reveals that the 35.7% of generation loss resulted in revenue loss of about M$251 (approximately b40). The simple performance indicator developed to evaluate the performance indices and outage cost for the station can also be applicable to other power stations in Nigeria and elsewhere. Measures to improve the performance indices of the plant have been suggested such as training of operation and maintenance (O & M) personnel regularly, improvement in O & M practices, proper spare parts inventory and improvement in general housekeeping of the plant. From technical point of view, performance of the plant can be improved by retrofitting with a gas turbine air inlet cooling system, heat recovery system or adding modifications (inter-cooling or regeneration) to the simple gas turbine units. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Capacity factor; Gas turbine; Plant availability; Power plant; Reliability; Revenue loss	Capacity factors; Heat recovery systems; Operation and maintenance; Performance indicators; Performance indices; Plant availability; Spare parts inventories; Thermal power stations; Gas turbine power plants; Gas turbines; Heating; Optimal systems; Outages; Personnel training; Power plants; Reliability; Thermoelectric power plants; Waste heat; Economic analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29144514675	Sanitary hot water consumption patterns in commercial and industrial sectors in South Africa: Impact on heating system design	Rankin R., Rousseau P.G.	2006	Energy Conversion and Management	47	6	10.1016/j.enconman.2005.06.002	School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Rankin, R., School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Rousseau, P.G., School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	A large amount of individual sanitary hot water consumers are present in the South African residential sector. This led to several studies being done on hot water consumption patterns in this sector. Large amounts of sanitary hot water are also consumed in the commercial sector in buildings such as hotels and in large residences such as those found in the mining industry. The daily profiles of sanitary hot water consumption are not related to any technical process but rather to human behavior and varying ambient conditions. The consumption of sanitary hot water, therefore, represents a challenge to the electrical utility because it is an energy demand that remains one of the biggest contributors to the undesirable high morning and afternoon peaks imposed on the national electricity supply grid. It also represents a challenge to sanitary hot water system designers because the amount of hot water as well as the daily profile in which it is consumed impacts significantly on system design. This paper deals with hot water consumption in the commercial and industrial sectors. In the commercial sector, we look at hotels and in the industrial sector at large mining residences. Both of them are served by centralized hot water systems. Measured results from the systems are compared to data obtained from previous publications. A comparison is also made to illustrate the impact that these differences will have on sanitary hot water system design. Simulations are conducted for these systems using a simulation program developed in previous studies. The results clearly show significant differences in the required heating and storage capacity for the new profiles. A twin peak profile obtained from previous studies in the residential sector was used up to now in studies of heating demand and system design in commercial buildings. The results shown here illustrate the sanitary hot water consumption profile differs significantly from the twin peaks profile with a very high morning peak in hot water consumption. This leads to a requirement for bigger heating and storage capacities in commercial buildings like hotels. A summary of the results are provided in the form of minimum design parameters for different hot water consumption profiles. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the trends of hot water consumption in buildings, especially when demand side management projects are done on these types of systems. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Heating capacity; Hotel profile; Mine residences profile; Sanitary hot water consumption; Storage capacity; Twin peaks profile	Buildings; Sanitary engineering; Systems analysis; Heating system design; Hotel profile; Sanitary hot water consumption; Twin peaks profile; Hot water distribution systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928239277	Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria	Adom P.K.	2015	Energy Economics	49	None	10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.027	Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	Adom, P.K., Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving .126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Nigeria	Commerce; Crude oil; Oil shale; Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Industrial sector; Industry characteristics; Industry structures; Nigeria; Percentage points; Energy utilization; consumption behavior; crude oil; energy market; foreign direct investment; industrial structure; price dynamics; regression analysis; time series; trade; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77149161737	Methodology to measure and verify the impacts obtained from energy efficiency activities	Den Heijer W., Grobler L.	2010	Energy Engineering: Journal of the Association of Energy Engineering	107	2	None	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Den Heijer, W., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Grobler, L., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The necessity for effective and sustainable energy efficiency is now, more than ever, of critical importance for the various industrial sectors within the South African economy. The critical shortage of electricity, rising electricity costs, the Energy Efficiency Accord, the proposed Power Conservation Program (PCP), and tax incentives are but a few of the primary driving forces behind energy efficiency in South Africa's energy market. Electricity and its production cost is a risk that needs to be managed, which will effectively force industry to drive energy efficiency within itself. However, the impacts of energy efficiency often dissipate over time due to the lack of effective management information, which can only be provided through thorough measurement and verification (M&V). It should consequently go hand-in-hand with all aspects of energy efficiency projects, especially when considering the above-mentioned driving forces. The nature of energy efficiency in the industrial sector is often complex when quantifying the impacts and isolating them from energy reductions resulting from numerous other variables, such as production.This article will describe a measurement and verification methodology that is used to accurately and independently isolate, assess, and quantify the impacts obtained from energy efficiency activities in the industrial sector. These M&V results will not only be able to quantify the impacts of energy efficiency impacts under the PCP but also for the Energy Efficiency Accord, and they will form the backbone of the issuance of energy efficiency certificates to be used in trading and tax rebates. The methodology is described by means of an actual case study for a single industrial site.	None	Driving forces; Effective management; Electricity costs; Energy markets; Energy reduction; Industrial sector; Industrial sites; Measurement and verification; Power conservation; Production cost; South Africa; Sustainable energy; Tax incentive; Tax rebates; Energy conservation; Taxation; Energy efficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67651034515	The measurement and verification of the combined impact of energy efficiency and load shifting on mine pumping projects	Den Heijer W., Grobler L.	2007	Energy Engineering: Journal of the Association of Energy Engineering	104	5	None	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Den Heijer, W., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Grobler, L., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Service level adjustments are essential to keep measurement and verification project baselines "updated" with the actual service level that a system provides. In the case of a DSM load shift project on a mine pumping system, it is standard procedure to use a service level adjustment based on daily kWh neutrality. The case study discussed in this article showed that the project achieved impacts in the order of 12.9 MW when the baseline was adjusted in this manner.This approach, however, rested on the assumption that system efficiencies remained unchanged since the DSM intervention was only supposed to shift the system load to other time-of-use periods outside the evening peak period.However, it was found that system efficiency did change by almost 13 percent in this project's case. A service level adjustment approach was consequently required that linked the baseline energy use to the actual service level of the system, which was the daily volume of water pumped out of the mine.The utilization of this SLA adjustment not only allowed the M&V team to determine the project impacts due to the load shift activities, but also to capture the impacts due to the increased system efficiency. The impact determined for the same month, but with a different SLA, consequently increased to 15.1 MW.	None	Energy use; Load shift; Load shifting; Measurement and verification; Project impact; Pumping projects; Pumping systems; Service levels; Standard procedures; System efficiency; System loads; Electric load management; Mining; Ocean currents; Pumps; Energy efficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960006982	Risk evaluation for production-injection recompletion and sidetrack	Orodu O., Tang Z.	2011	Energy Exploration and Exploitation	29	3	10.1260/0144-5987.29.3.235	Department of Petroleum Engineering, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Ogun State, Nigeria; Faculty of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China	Orodu, O., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Covenant University, Ota PMB 1023, Ogun State, Nigeria; Tang, Z., Faculty of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China	Using a decision tree and stochastic parameters, expected monetary value is calculated to evaluate optimal sidetrack time. In view of placing a high confidence level on analytical approach to optimal sidetrack time for a waterflooded reservoir based on possible uncertainty of economic and reservoir parameters and probability of sidetrack success, a major assumption on a parameter in a previous study is re-evaluated. Material balance and displacement efficiency are used to re-evaluate this critical waterflood performance parameter. The change in the relative influence of the stochastic parameters to optimal sidetrack time due to re-evaluation calls for much attention with probable need to further reduce assumptions made, however insignificant the parameter may be. This change will affect the degree of acceptability of the analytical approach. The probability of success of sidetrack sums up the geological and technical uncertainties, deconvolution of these will give the analytical approach an edge.	Expected Monetary Value; Sidetrack; Uncertainty; Waterflood	Analytical approach; Displacement efficiency; Expected monetary values; High confidence; Material balance; Performance parameters; Probability of success; Re-evaluation; Reservoir parameters; Risk evaluation; Sidetrack; Stochastic parameters; Uncertainty; Water flood; Waterflooded reservoirs; Decision trees; Optimization; Rating; Stochastic systems; Parameter estimation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898957144	System wide impacts of fuel usage patterns in the Ethiopian highlands: Potentials for breaking the negative reinforcing feedback cycles	Duguma L.A., Minang P.A., Freeman O.E., Hager H.	2014	Energy for Sustainable Development	20	1	10.1016/j.esd.2014.03.004	ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordanstr. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya	Duguma, L.A., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Minang, P.A., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Freeman, O.E., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Hager, H., Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordanstr. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria	Due to scarcity of firewood, farmers in rural Ethiopia are forced to use cattle dung as a complementary energy source. By looking at patterns of firewood and cattle dung use for energy generation and their implications for food crop production, forest regeneration and community level emission reduction potentials, this study explores system interactions using a community living next to the Menagesha Suba state forest in Ethiopia as a case study. Mixed methods were used including household surveys, nutrient content analyses of firewood and cattle dung, and calculations of fuel and emission reductions for four cooking energy efficiency scenarios. It was found that the community and surrounding environment is stuck in a negative feedback cycle. Therefore shifts in current practices and systems are needed to break this cycle, for example by enhancing firewood supply, improving soil fertility, improving energy efficiency and enabling access to carbon financing for emissions reduced. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Cattle dung; Crop production; Emission reductions; Ethiopian highlands; Firewood; Nutrient cycling	crop production; emission control; energy efficiency; fuel; household survey; manure; nutrient cycling; soil fertility; wood; Ethiopian Highlands; Bos	FTA, Federal Transit Administration
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939222284	Impacts of household energy programs on fuel consumption in Benin, Uganda, and India	Garland C., Jagoe K., Wasirwa E., Nguyen R., Roth C., Patel A., Shah N., Derby E., Mitchell J., Pennise D., Johnson M.A.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	27	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.005	Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wana Energy Solutions, Uganda; Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), FABEN Project, Benin; Food and Fuel Consultants, Germany; Alpha Renewable Energy, Pvt. Ltd., India; Self Employed Women's Association, India; Winrock International, United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States	Garland, C., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Jagoe, K., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wasirwa, E., Wana Energy Solutions, Uganda; Nguyen, R., Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), FABEN Project, Benin; Roth, C., Food and Fuel Consultants, Germany; Patel, A., Alpha Renewable Energy, Pvt. Ltd., India; Shah, N., Self Employed Women's Association, India; Derby, E., Winrock International, United States; Mitchell, J., United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States; Pennise, D., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Johnson, M.A., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States	This paper presents results of three United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sponsored field studies which assessed the fuel consumption impacts of household energy programs in Benin, Uganda, and Gujarat, India. These studies expand on a previous round of U.S. EPA supported efforts to build field testing capacity and collect stove performance data in Peru, Nepal, and Maharashtra, India. Daily fuel consumption estimates of traditional and intervention technologies were made using the Kitchen Performance Test (KPT) protocol to determine the potential fuel savings associated with the respective programs. The programs in Benin and Gujarat, India resulted in significant fuel savings of approximately 29% and 61%, respectively. In Uganda, the homes using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumed approximately 31% less charcoal than those not using LPG, although the total energy consumption per household was similar between the baseline and LPG user groups. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biofuel; Cookstoves; Fuel savings; Kitchen Performance Test; Stove performance testing	biofuel; cooking appliance; energy use; fuel consumption; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; performance assessment; Benin [West Africa]; Gujarat; India; Maharashtra; Nepal; Peru; Uganda; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649982907	Indoor air quality impacts of an improved wood stove in Ghana and an ethanol stove in Ethiopia	Pennise D., Brant S., Agbeve S.M., Quaye W., Mengesha F., Tadele W., Wofchuck T.	2009	Energy for Sustainable Development	13	2	10.1016/j.esd.2009.04.003	Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Pennise, D., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; Brant, S., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; Agbeve, S.M., EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Quaye, W., EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Mengesha, F., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tadele, W., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wofchuck, T., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study was undertaken to assess the potential of two types of improved cookstoves to reduce indoor air pollution in African homes. An ethanol stove, the CleanCook, was tested in three locations in Ethiopia: the city of Addis Ababa and the Bonga and Kebribeyah Refugee Camps, while a wood-burning rocket stove, the Gyapa, was evaluated in Accra, Ghana. In both countries, kitchen concentrations of PM 2.5 and CO, the two pollutants responsible for the bulk of the ill-health associated with indoor smoke, were monitored in a before and after study design without controls. Baseline ('before') measurements were made in households using a traditional stove or open fire. 'After' measurements were performed in the same households, once the improved stove had been introduced. PM 2.5 was measured using UCB Particle Monitors, which have photoelectric detectors. CO was measured with Onset HOBO Loggers. In Ghana and Kebribeyah Camp, CO was also measured with Gastec diffusion tubes. In Ghana, average 24-hour PM 2.5 concentrations decreased 52% from 650 μg/m 3 in the 'before' phase to 320 μg/m 3 in the 'after' phase (p = 0.00), and average 24-hour kitchen CO concentrations decreased 40% from 12.3 ppm to 7.4 ppm (p = 0.01). Including all three subgroups in Ethiopia, average PM 2.5 concentrations decreased 84% from 1 250 μg/m 3 to 200 μg/m 3 (p = 0.00) and average CO concentrations decreased 76% from 38.9 ppm to 9.2 ppm (p = 0.00). 24-hour average CO levels in households using both the Gyapa and CleanCook stoves met, or nearly met, the World Health Organization (WHO) 8-hour Air Quality Guideline. PM 2.5 concentrations were well above both the WHO 24-hour Guideline and Interim Targets. Therefore, despite the significant improvements associated with both of these stoves, further changes in stove or fuel type or household fuel mixing patterns would be required to bring PM to levels that are not considered harmful to health. © 2009 International Energy Initiative.	Carbon monoxide; Ethanol; Fuel wood; Improved cookstove; Indoor air pollution; Particulate matter	air quality; atmospheric pollution; carbon monoxide; concentration (composition); cooking appliance; health risk; indoor air; measurement method; particulate matter; performance assessment; pollution control; pollution effect; wood; Addis Ababa; Africa; Bonga Forest; East Africa; Ethiopia; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865413707	Performance evaluation and emission characterisation of three kerosene stoves using a Heterogeneous Stove Testing Protocol (HTP)	Makonese T., Pemberton-Pigott C., Robinson J., Kimemia D., Annegarn H.	2012	Energy for Sustainable Development	16	3	10.1016/j.esd.2012.06.002	Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Makonese, T., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pemberton-Pigott, C., SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Robinson, J., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kimemia, D., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Annegarn, H., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	The combustion of kerosene fuel in poorly designed cookstoves is a major domestic source of poor indoor air quality and burn injuries in the developing world. It is argued that these challenges are best addressed by the development and dissemination of clean, safe and efficient cookstoves. In this study, three kerosene stoves including two wick stoves and one pressurised stove were tested for thermal performance and CO gas emissions using the Heterogeneous stove Testing Protocol (HTP) developed at the SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg. Results from the testing showed that the diameter of the pot had little effect on the performance of the tested kerosene stoves in terms of CO emissions, but it did have an effect on the thermal efficiency at the . high power setting. Power setting was found to influence the thermal efficiency and combustion performance of all stoves tested, indicating the need for assessment of the appliances across the full range of power settings (where feasible). The pressurised stove had lower CO emissions compared with the wick stoves. Conversely, the wick stoves depicted lower specific times to boil water and higher fuel efficiencies. These results provide essential information to stove designers, regulators and authorities interested in the dissemination of improved kerosene stoves. The variation of emissions and performance across the power band may be useful for improving national standards by correctly characterising novel technologies and improving the design of existing appliances under different operating conditions. Implications of improved kerosene stoves are improved health, improved access to modern energy, reduced fuel consumption and a reduction in energy poverty. © 2012 International Energy Initiative.	Energy poverty; Heterogeneous Testing Protocol; Indoor air quality; Kerosene; Paraffin; Stoves	air quality; carbon emission; carbon monoxide; combustion; cooking appliance; energy conservation; fuel consumption; indoor air; performance assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865406457	The benefits and potential impacts of household cooking fuel substitution with bio-ethanol produced from cassava feedstock in Nigeria	Ohimain E.I.	2012	Energy for Sustainable Development	16	3	10.1016/j.esd.2012.06.003	Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science	Ohimain, E.I., Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, United States, Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	The major cooking fuels in Nigeria, which are fuel wood and kerosene, face supply difficulties, price instabilities, safety, health and environmental challenges. In response to these challenges, the Federal Government of Nigeria recently announced the partial replacement of these cooking fuels with bio-ethanol produced from cassava in a project called 'cassakero'. The project involves the installation of 10,000 micro-scale bio-refineries across the country with a combined capacity of 4millionliters per day. The project includes the establishment of a 400,000ha cassava farm to supply cassava feedstock to the ethanol refineries. Though the detailed design of the project is not yet available, the aim of this paper is to appraise the project with the aim of highlighting the benefits of the project for enhancement while emphasizing the potential negative impacts for mitigation. The results of the appraisal revealed that the project will be beneficial in terms of job creation, boost rural agriculture, conserve forest from fuel wood exploitation, alleviate poverty and prevent indoor pollution. The impact of the project on greenhouse gas emission is ambiguous. While the shift to ethanol cooking fuel will release less CO 2 comparatively, the conversion of 400,000ha of forest to cassava farm, the use of fossil fuel for processing cassava tubers to ethanol, fermentation of cassava starch and the use of agro-chemicals will release CO 2 as well. Other potential negative impacts of the project include large input of water and energy and the production of large volume of waste stream, which need to be handled. There is a potential food versus fuel conflict, especially if the current production of cassava is not scaled up to meet the several emerging projects in Nigeria requiring cassava feedstock. © 2012 International Energy Initiative.	Cassakero; Cooking fuel; Ethanol; Fuel wood; Gel fuel; Kerosene	alternative energy; biofuel; cassava; cooking appliance; energy policy; ethanol; fuel consumption; poverty alleviation; renewable resource; Nigeria; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896710185	Experimental energy and exergy performance of a solar receiver for a domestic parabolic dish concentrator for teaching purposes	Mawire A., Taole S.H.	2014	Energy for Sustainable Development	19	1	10.1016/j.esd.2014.01.004	Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Mawire, A., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Taole, S.H., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	An experimental setup to investigate the thermal performance of a cylindrical cavity receiver for an SK-14 parabolic dish concentrator is presented in this technical note. The thermal performance is evaluated using energy and exergy analyses. The receiver exergy rates and efficiencies are found to be appreciably smaller than the receiver energy rates and efficiencies. The exergy factor parameter is also proposed for quantifying the thermal performance. The exergy factor is found to be high under conditions of high solar radiation and under high operating temperatures. The heat loss factor of the receiver is determined to be around 4.6. W/K. An optical efficiency of around 52% for parabolic dish system is determined under high solar radiation conditions. This experimental setup can be used as teaching tool for people with little or no knowledge about solar dish concentrators due its simplicity and the basic mathematical formulations applied. Different types of receivers and different types of deep focal region parabolic dishes can also be tested with the experimental setup. © 2014 International Energy Initiative.	Domestic; Energy and exergy; Experimental; Parabolic dish concentrator; Solar receiver; Teaching	alternative energy; energy; exergy; numerical model; renewable resource; solar power; solar radiation; teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649976612	Impact of extensive residential solar water heating on power system losses	Ijumba K.P., Sebitosi A.B., Pillay P., Folly K.	2009	Energy for Sustainable Development	13	2	10.1016/j.esd.2009.04.004	ESKOM - Megawatt Park, Sunninghill, 2157, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Concordia University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Que. H3G 1M8, Canada	Ijumba, K.P., ESKOM - Megawatt Park, Sunninghill, 2157, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Sebitosi, A.B., University of Stellenbosch, Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pillay, P., Concordia University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Que. H3G 1M8, Canada; Folly, K., University of Cape Town, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	South Africa is in the grips of an electricity crisis. Currently, the bulk of power is produced at coal fired power stations which are located far from the large load centres. Solar energy is widely available in South Africa, and could be used to complement this coal based generation, and supply energy at the point of use. This paper aims to investigate the impact of residential solar water heating on power system transmission losses. Initially simulations were carried out in order to determine the impact of solar water heating on a household's electricity demand. These were done for households located in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban. A number of solar water heating installations in Cape Town were also monitored, in order to validate the simulation results. Lastly, a power system model was developed in order to investigate the possible impact of large-scale implementation of solar water heating, at varied penetration levels, on a transmission system. Using the model and the results obtained from the simulations, a utility impact analysis was carried out in order to determine the effect on transmission losses. It was concluded that large-scale implementation of solar water heating can be used as a means to alleviate loading and losses on power systems' transmission lines particularly during peak demand. © 2009 International Energy Initiative.	Power system losses; Solar water heating	coal-fired power plant; energy use; heating; household energy; model validation; Africa; Cape Town; Durban; Gauteng; Johannesburg; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921272087	Rapid mapping and impact estimation of illegal charcoal production in southern Somalia based on WorldView-1 imagery	Bolognesi M., Vrieling A., Rembold F., Gadain H.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	25	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.12.008	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy	Bolognesi, M., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Vrieling, A., Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Rembold, F., Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy; Gadain, H., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Following more than 20years of civil unrest, environmental information for southern Somalia is scarce. Wood charcoal production and export is a major activity supporting war regimes in this area such as the extreme Islamist group Al-Shabaab. However, little quantitative information exists on the extent of this charcoal production. In this study, we developed a semi-automatic detection method to identify charcoal production sites from very high resolution (0.5m) satellite imagery. We then applied it to a 4700km2 area along the Juba River in southern Somalia using 2011 and 2013 WorldView-1 imagery. Based on the sites detected exclusively for 2013 we estimated an average production of 24,000tonnes of charcoal and 2.7% tree loss for the two-year interval, using literature- and local-knowledge-based assumptions on likely ranges of kiln and tree parameters. Our large-area assessment helps to better understand the dimension and impact of charcoal production in southern Somalia and reveals a rapid depletion of tree cover. The analysis provides a first step towards the development of a charcoal production monitoring system that could be extended to other parts of the country. © 2015 International Energy Initiative.	Al-Shabaab; Forest degradation; Object-based image analysis; Remote sensing; Woodfuel	charcoal; detection method; environmental impact assessment; fuelwood; land degradation; mapping; minority group; monitoring system; satellite imagery; Jubba River; Somalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884813613	The impact of rural electrification on rural micro-enterprises in niger delta, nigeria	Akpan U., Essien M., Isihak S.	2013	Energy for Sustainable Development	17	5	10.1016/j.esd.2013.06.004	Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Akpan, U., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien, M., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Isihak, S., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	This study examines the impact of rural electrification through extension of existing grid on rural micro-enterprises in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling and obtained data using structured questionnaires and personal interviews with the owners of the micro-enterprises. From the data, summary information was obtained and the impact of connection to grid-electricity on the micro-enterprises was examined using a log-linear regression model. The result shows that although not statistically significant, on average, enterprises in communities connected to the electricity grid are 16.2% more profitable than enterprises in communities not connected to the grid, and the use of generating sets in providing back-up electricity makes micro-enterprises more profitable. The study also observed that micro-enterprise owners are fully aware of the importance of electricity access to the profitability of their businesses and those who can afford to buy generating sets willingly do so. Incidentally, the total expenditure on generating sets by some enterprises is up to three times (3. ×) the tariff for grid-electricity in rural areas. The high cost of self-generated electricity increases the total cost of doing business in rural areas thus reducing the profit margin of the micro-enterprises. In conclusion, for rural electrification to be more effective in improving the living standard of rural dwellers, the larger problem of increasing the national generating capacity and the availability of grid-electricity should be tackled, and rural electrification programs should be carried out alongside other programs that reduce the barriers to establishing micro-enterprises like the creation of rural agricultural co-operatives to promote the productive use of electricity. © 2013 International Energy Initiative.	Impact; Micro-enterprises; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Rural areas; Rural electrification	cooperative sector; expenditure; microenterprise; profitability; regression analysis; rural area; rural electrification; rural energy; tariff structure; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549105937	Impact of solar photovoltaic lighting on indoor air smoke in off-grid rural Ghana	Obeng G.Y., Akuffo F.O., Braimah I., Evers H.-D., Mensah E.	2008	Energy for Sustainable Development	12	1	10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60419-6	Technology Consultancy Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Mechanical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Center for Development Research, Zentrum fuer Entwickungsforschung (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana	Obeng, G.Y., Technology Consultancy Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Akuffo, F.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Braimah, I., Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Evers, H.-D., Center for Development Research, Zentrum fuer Entwickungsforschung (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Mensah, E., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana	Nearly 75% of the rural households in Ghana depend on kerosene lanterns as the main source of lighting after sunset. However, concerns are being expressed on indoor air smoke and heat as well as fire hazards associated with the use of kerosene lanterns. Largely as a result of socio-economic and environmental benefits, public solar photovoltaic (PV) electrification projects have been implemented to provide alternative lighting in off-grid communities in Ghana. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impacts of solar PV lighting on indoor air smoke in rural households. Using the with/without comparison method, 209 solar-electrified and non-electrified households were surveyed to assess impacts. The study results indicated that solar PV lighting is likely to reduce the proportion of household members being affected by indoor smoke from kerosene lanterns by 50%. Furthermore, solar PV lighting is likely to reduce the proportion of household members who get blackened nostrils from soot associated with kerosene lanterns by nearly a third. This paper maintains that, though the effects identified by this study may be short-term, further research is needed to investigate both the medium- and long-term effects on human health. Given the low income levels of the rural poor and the costs involved in maintaining PV systems, effective policies and incentives for low-income earners are fundamental steps toward improvement in quality of life and widening of access. © 2008 International Energy Initiative, Inc.	None	accessibility; atmospheric pollution; crude oil; health impact; health risk; incentive; indoor air; lightning; low income population; photovoltaic system; public health; quality of life; rural area; rural population; smoke; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
None	None	Performance evaluation of an enhanced fruit solar dryer using concentrating panels	Stiling J., Li S., Stroeve P., Thompson J., Mjawa B., Kornbluth K., Barrett D.M.	2012	Energy for Sustainable Development	16	2	10.1016/j.esd.2012.01.002	University of California Davis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; University of California Davis, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 1 Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, United States; University of California Davis, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; University of California Davis, Program for International Energy Technologies, Davis 95616, United States; University of California Davis, Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Stiling, J., University of California Davis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Li, S., University of California Davis, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 1 Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, United States; Stroeve, P., University of California Davis, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 1 Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, United States; Thompson, J., University of California Davis, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Mjawa, B., Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Kornbluth, K., University of California Davis, Program for International Energy Technologies, Davis 95616, United States; Barrett, D.M., University of California Davis, Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Concentrating solar panels (CSP) improve the process of solar drying Roma tomatoes. This paper presents a performance comparison between two mixed-mode solar dryers. The dryers were identically constructed, however one of the dryers utilized mobile and easily adjustable flat concentrating solar panels to maximize incident solar energy on the dryer. Temperatures inside the dryer that utilized the concentrating solar panels were approx. 10. °C higher than those in the normal dryer during the majority of a sunny day testing period. This increase in temperature led to shorter Roma tomato drying times in the dryer with CSP. The concentrating solar panels showed a considerable increase in drying rate on sunny days, with a 27% decrease in total drying time as compared to the normal dryer to reach the target dimensionless moisture content of 0.2. A less significant increase in drying capacity was achieved when the dryer was tested in simulated cloudy conditions. The faster drying rate achieved in the dryer utilizing solar concentrators, under both sunny and simulated cloudy conditions, demonstrates the ability to dry produce to an acceptable moisture content in a reasonable time, with the objective of reducing postharvest loss and preventing spoilage. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Concentrators; Drying; Hazy; Humidity; Solar; Tomato	humidity; performance assessment; solar power; vegetable; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
WoS	WOS:000208285300008	Impacts of public solar PV electrification on rural micro-enterprises: The case of Ghana	Evers, H-D,Obeng, G. Y.	2010	ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT	14	3	10.1016/j.esd.2010.07.005	University of Bonn, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Evers, H-D: University of Bonn",	Micro-enterprises are a key component in rural enterprise creation and income generation. In rural areas far removed from grid-electricity, public solar photovoltaic (PV) electrification projects have served useful purposes by contributing to improve the economic activities of micro-enterprises beyond daylight hours. Through fee-for-service approach some rural micro-enterprises in Ghana were provided with access to solar PV systems to enhance their output. It is expected that the effect of solar PV electrification on enterprise output would be of research interest. However, the relationship is under-researched. Hence, there is lack of data particularly quantitative ones to show the benefits that can be derived from the sustainable use of solar PV to electrifiy rural micro-enterprises. Using systematic sampling and developing a set of enterprise-level indicators, micro-enterprises with and without solar PV were surveyed in eight rural communities in five regions of Ghana. The results revealed that the cost avoided by using solar PV in the enterprises instead of kerosene lanterns was US$1-5/month. The results established a statistically significant association between solar PV lighting and additional income after sunset of US$5-12/day in grocery (merchandise) enterprises. Without the external lighting of solar-electrified enterprises, the businesses of about two night vendors were affected. Further to the impacts on income and cost savings the study discussed affordability, factors preventing the extension of working hours after sunset and sustainability issues. (C) 2010 International Energy Initiative. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"Additional income",GHANA,"Rural micro-enterprises","solar PV"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650416121	Impact of oil price shocks on selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria	Iwayemi A., Fowowe B.	2011	Energy Policy	39	2	10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.033	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Iwayemi, A., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fowowe, B., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of oil price shocks on the macroeconomy has received a great deal of attention since the 1970. s. Initially, many empirical studies found a significant negative effect between oil price shocks and GDP but more recently, empirical studies have reported an insignificant relationship between oil shocks and the macroeconomy. A key feature of existing research is that it applies predominantly to advanced, oil-importing countries. For oil-exporting countries, different conclusions are expected but this can only be ascertained empirically. This study conducts an empirical analysis of the effects of oil price shocks on a developing country oil-exporter-Nigeria. Our findings showed that oil price shocks do not have a major impact on most macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. The results of the Granger-causality tests, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition analysis all showed that different measures of linear and positive oil shocks have not caused output, government expenditure, inflation, and the real exchange rate. The tests support the existence of asymmetric effects of oil price shocks because we find that negative oil shocks significantly cause output and the real exchange rate. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Nigeria; Nonlinear models; Oil price shocks	Empirical analysis; Empirical studies; Government expenditure; Granger Causality; Impulse response functions; Key feature; Macroeconomic variables; Nigeria; Non-linear model; Oil price shocks; Oil shock; Real exchange rate; Variance decomposition; Developing countries; Impulse response; Costs; asymmetry; decomposition analysis; empirical analysis; Granger causality test; hydrocarbon resource; macroeconomics; nonlinearity; numerical model; oil supply; oil trade; resource development; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845372104	The development impact of solar cookers: A review of solar cooking impact research in South Africa	Wentzel M., Pouris A.	2007	Energy Policy	35	3	10.1016/j.enpol.2006.06.002	Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, PO Box 11906, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa; Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Lynwood Road, South Africa	Wentzel, M., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, PO Box 11906, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa; Pouris, A., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Lynwood Road, South Africa	Solar cooking is often considered "a solution looking for a problem". Solar cookers have long been presented as an interesting solution to the world's problem of dwindling fuel wood sources and other environmental problems associated with wood fuel demand for cooking. However, recent GTZ field work in South Africa showed different benefits instead: the use of solar cookers resulted in appreciable fuel and time savings as well as increased energy security for households using commercial fuels. These observations are based on field tests in South Africa that started in 1996 to investigate the social acceptability of solar cookers and to facilitate local production and commercialisation of the technology. Impact studies and use rate studies have been carried out by a number of different organisations since the inception of the project and although commercialisation of the technology has not been achieved to its fullest potential, impact studies indicate that solar cookers have a positive development impact on households through fuel-, energy- and time savings. The article aims to summarise the findings of the various studies and present an overview of use rates and impact data. A variety of factors influence solar cooker use rates, which in turn determine impacts. Some factors are related to the user, some to the environment in which the cooker is used and some to the cooker itself. Ultimately, the data shows that on average, only 17% of solar cooker owners do not use their stoves after purchase and that active solar cooker users utilise their stoves on average for 31% of their cooking incidences. Since the majority of solar stove buyers actually use their stoves and obtain real benefits, this suggests that that solar cookers are indeed not a solution looking for a problem but a solution worth promoting. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Developing impacts; Household energy; Solar cooking	Economic and social effects; Energy resources; Environmental impact; Social aspects; Wood fuels; Household energy; Solar cooking; Solar equipment; alternative energy; household energy; solar cooker; solar power; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	Village electrification technologies - An evaluation of photovoltaic cells and compact fluorescent lamps and their applicability in rural villages based on a Tanzanian case study	Gullberg M., Ilskog E., Katyega M., Kjellström B.	2005	Energy Policy	33	10	10.1016/j.enpol.2003.12.005	Royal Institute of Technology, Avdelningen Byggnadsteknik, Brinellvagen 34, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden; Luleå University of Technology, Luleå S-971 87, Sweden; Tanzania Elec. Supply Company Ltd., P.O. Box 9024, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Gullberg, M., Royal Institute of Technology, Avdelningen Byggnadsteknik, Brinellvagen 34, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden; Ilskog, E., Luleå University of Technology, Luleå S-971 87, Sweden; Katyega, M., Tanzania Elec. Supply Company Ltd., P.O. Box 9024, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kjellström, B., Luleå University of Technology, Luleå S-971 87, Sweden	Electrification of remote sites in developing countries is often realised trough diesel generator sets and an electric distribution network. This was also the technology used in the village Urambo, where the first rural electrification co-operative in Tanzania was started in 1994. Climate change however calls for decreased fossil fuel combustion worldwide and new technologies have been further developed since the erection of the diesel generator sets in Urambo. It is therefore not obvious that electrification of other rural areas shall follow the Urambo example. In this article, the situation for 250 electricity consumers in Urambo will be demonstrated and the implications for them of introducing new technologies will be evaluated. Technology options regarded in the study are individual photovoltaic (PV) power systems and either incandescent lamps, tube lights or compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) supplied by diesel generation. The different options have been evaluated with respect to consumer costs and environmental impact. The results of the comparison show that PV generation is able to compete with diesel generation if combined with incandescent lamps, but not when tube lights or CFLs are used in the conventional supply system. It should be noted, however, that while the diesel option offer financially more attractive solutions, individual PV systems do not result in any CO2 emissions. Furthermore, PV systems normally have a higher reliability. However, since the diesel option is not only cheaper but also offers a wider range of energy services and facilitates, future connection to the national electric grid, the conclusion is that this is preferable before individual PV systems for communities similar to Urambo, if the consumers shall pay the full cost of the service. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Rural electrification; Tanzania; Technologies	Climate change; Combustion; Costs; Electric generators; Electric power distribution; Environmental impact; Fluorescent lamps; Fossil fuels; Incandescent lamps; Reliability; Compact fluorescent lights (CFL); Diesel generators; Photovoltaic power systems; Tanzania; Photovoltaic cells; alternative energy; photovoltaic system; resource development; rural electrification; solar power; technological development; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71649088273	Biomethanol production from gasification of non-woody plant in South Africa: Optimum scale and economic performance	Amigun B., Gorgens J., Knoetze H.	2010	Energy Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.020	Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Amigun, B., Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Gorgens, J., Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Knoetze, H., Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Methanol production from biomass is a promising carbon neutral fuel, well suited for use in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), as transportation fuel and as chemical building block. The concept used in this study incorporates an innovative Absorption Enhanced Reforming (AER) gasification process, which enables an efficient conversion of biomass into a hydrogen-rich gas (syngas) and then, uses the Mitsubishi methanol converter (superconverter) for methanol synthesis. Technical and economic prospects for production of methanol have been evaluated. The methanol plants described have a biomass input between 10 and 2000 MWth. The economy of the methanol production plants is very dependent on the production capacity and large-scale facilities are required to benefit from economies of scale. However, large-scale plants are likely to have higher transportation costs per unit biomass transported as a result of longer transportation distances. Analyses show that lower unit investment costs accompanying increased production scale outweighs the cost for transporting larger quantities of biomass. The unit cost of methanol production mostly depends on the capital investments. The total unit cost of methanol is found to decrease from about 10.66 R/l for a 10 MWth to about 6.44 R/l for a 60 MWth and 3.95 R/l for a 400 MWth methanol plant. The unit costs stabilise (a near flat profile was observed) for plant sizes between 400 and 2000 MWth, but the unit cost do however continue to decrease to about 2.89 R/l for a 2000 MWth plant. Long term cost reduction mainly resides in technological learning and large-scale production. Therefore, technology development towards large-scale technology that takes into account sustainable biomass production could be a better choice due to economic reasons. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gasification; Methanol; Syngas	Biomass productions; Capital investment; Carbon neutral fuel; Chemical building blocks; Economic performance; Economic prospects; Economies of scale; Fuel cell vehicles; Gasification process; Hydrogen-rich gas; Investment costs; Large-scale production; Long term; Methanol plants; Methanol production; Methanol synthesis; Mitsubishi; Per unit; Plant size; Production capacity; Production scale; South Africa; Syn-gas; Technological learning; Technology development; Transportation cost; Transportation distance; Transportation fuels; Unit cost; Woody plants; Biomass; Costs; Economics; Forestry; Fuel cells; Gas absorption; Gas generators; Gasification; Investments; Methanol; Synthesis gas manufacture; Technological forecasting; Cost benefit analysis; alternative fuel; biomass power; economy of scale; fuel; methanol; production cost; sustainable development; technological development; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249085712	Monitoring and evaluation of energy for development: The good, the bad and the questionable in M&E practice	Annecke W.	2008	Energy Policy	36	8	10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.043	The Green Building, Westlake Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa	Annecke, W., The Green Building, Westlake Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa	This paper reflects on the debates and the practices involved in monitoring and evaluating energy for development projects which led to the formulation of "A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation for Energy Projects" by an international working group. Another purpose of the paper is to invite energy policy-makers, planners and implementers to engage with the meaning of good practice in monitoring and evaluation in the energy sector and the capacity building necessary to achieve this. This paper begins with definitions of monitoring and evaluation and discusses the reasons for conducting such studies and the benefits to be gained. This paper then highlights selected approaches to monitoring and evaluation and the conditions under which each might be useful, and how and by whom lessons are to be learned. Attention is paid to key elements of monitoring and evaluation such as the development of indicators and the measurement of impacts. In the light of the many failed energy projects, this paper closes with some suggestions of how monitoring and evaluation processes and capacity may be improved. © 2008.	Energy for development; Evaluation; Monitoring	Chemical modification; Energy policy; Paper; (I ,J) conditions; Capacity building; Development projects; Energy projected; Energy sectors; evaluation processes; good practice; International (CO); Key elements; Policy-makers; Working group (WG); Monitoring; capacity building; development project; energy planning; energy policy; monitoring; policy making	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877141991	Paradoxical impacts of electricity on life in a rural South African village	Matinga M.N., Annegarn H.J.	2013	Energy Policy	58	None	10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.016	University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, 7500AE, Netherlands; SeTAR Centre, APB Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Matinga, M.N., University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, 7500AE, Netherlands, SeTAR Centre, APB Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., SeTAR Centre, APB Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Debates on the nexus between energy and development emphasise that access to modern energy carriers such as electricity improve development outcomes. This paper discusses the impacts of electrification on educational outcomes, gender and power relations, income generation, feelings of inclusion and exclusion and health in the village of Tsilitwa in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is based on an ethnographic grounded theory study conducted in 2009. The paper shows that the impacts of electricity may not match the benefits cited in the literature, and are not experienced in the same way by everyone in the community. The study uncovers the weakness of ignoring individual and group agency, and the complexity of social settings when advocating interventions to improve quality of life. The paper recommends that researchers and policymakers consider using ethnographic methods to complement other methods and reveal context and its implications on the energy-development nexus that other methods may not capture. Linkages between energy and development outcomes are complex and not deterministic. Ethnography better reveals the complex relationship between energy and development. People's contexts affect whether, how and who benefits from energy access. Benefits like sense of worth and inclusion are often neglected in development. Electrification can have negative impacts such as rising sense of income disparity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Developmental impacts; Electrification; Household	Complex relationships; Developmental impacts; Electrification; Ethnographic methods; Household; Inclusion and exclusions; Income generation; Social settings; Electric utilities; Rural areas; Electricity; complexity; education; gender relations; income distribution; power relations; quality of life; rural electrification; social exclusion; social inclusion; village; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000305201600009	Measuring and monitoring energy access: Decision-support tools for policymakers in Africa	Hailu, Yohannes G.	2012	ENERGY POLICY	47	None	10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.065	United Nations Econ Commiss Africa ECA	None	A significant number of African States have adapted energy access targets. In evaluating progress towards these goals, measuring and monitoring energy access becomes relevant. This paper reviews energy access indicators and identifies their utility and challenges in their application. By focusing on Africa, a broader framework for energy access measurement and monitoring is discussed. along with implementation barriers and potential solutions. To demonstrate the utility of energy access decision-support tool in Africa, a scenario analysis in five regional energy pools is conducted using the Energy Spending Model tool. Institutionalizing monitoring and decision-support tools can provide valuable feedback to policymakers aiming to design and implement effective energy access programs serving a growing population in Africa. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"DECISION SUPPORT","energy access","policy targets",URBAN-POOR	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904688255	Media evaluation of bioethanol production from cassava starch hydrolysate using saccharomyces cerevisiae	Betiku E., Alade O.S.	2014	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	36	18	10.1080/15567036.2011.557690	Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State C234, Nigeria; Biotechnology Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Betiku, E., Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State C234, Nigeria; Alade, O.S., Biotechnology Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Nine different media containing three different nitrogen sources, concentration of carbon source (cassava starch hydrolysate), and the pH were run in shake flasks to produce bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of variance of the results from the shake flask showed that there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the maximum concentration of ethanol (Pt) produced from the media. From the bioreactor studies, similar kinetic parameters, including Pt of 48.16 g/L with theoretical yield (Yetoh) of 92% and Pt of 47.13 g/L with Yetoh of 92%, were recorded from 100 g/L carbon source in the complex and minimal media, respectively. ©Taylor &amp; Francis.	bioethanol; fermentation; hydrolysate; nitrogen sources; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Bioethanol; Bottles; Carbon; Ethanol; Fermentation; Nitrogen; Plants (botany); Starch; Bio-ethanol production; Carbon source; Cassava starch; hydrolysate; Maximum concentrations; Minimal medias; Nitrogen sources; Theoretical yield; Yeast	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958704924	The ecological impact of used petrochemical oils on soil properties with special reference to physicochemical and total petroleum hydrocarbon contents of soils around automobile repair workshops	Adebiyi F.M., Afedia M.O.	2011	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	33	16	10.1080/15567030903397883	Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Research Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Research Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria; Afedia, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Research Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Soils around automobile repair workshops were analyzed for physicochemical, elemental, and hydrocarbon contents with a notion to assess the contamination level of the soils via petrochemicals mishandling. The soils were collected using standard analytical procedures, while their elemental contents were determined using bulk scientific atomic absorption spectrometry/atomic emission spectrometry techniques. Total petroleum hydrocarbons, which are known to be potential carcinogens and physicochemical parameters-pH, Cl-, CO 3 2-, electrical conductivity, and organic matter contents-were determined using standard analytical techniques. Ten elements-Mn, Zn, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr, V, and Pb-were analyzed and detected and their concentrations, the enrichment factors, Pollution Index, and Geoaccumulation Index values were established. The concentrations of K, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu were higher in the oil-contaminated soils than those of other Nigerian soils, while the values of the physicochemical parameters (CO3 2-, Cl- and electrical conductivity) followed the same trend. The results of the Geoaccumulation Index indicated that the soils were very heavily polluted with all the metals (Geoaccumulation Index values &gt; 5), except V (4 &lt; Igeo &lt; 5) which heavily polluted and Pb (2 &lt; Igeo &lt; 3) which moderately polluted the soils. These results were corroborated by their values, which were excessive when compared with their tolerable limits. The total petroleum hydrocarbons of the soils were detected at high levels when compared with studies of similar settings. The overall results showed that the soils of the area were highly contaminated and might be detrimental to living existence. Copyright © Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.	atomic absorption spectrometry; atomic emission spectrometry; element; petrochemical; physicochemical; soil	Analytical procedure; Analytical techniques; Atomic emission spectrometry; Contamination levels; Ecological impacts; Electrical conductivity; element; Elemental contents; Emission spectrometry; Enrichment factors; Geo-accumulation index; Hydrocarbon content; Nigerians; Oil contaminated soil; physicochemical; Physicochemical parameters; Pollution index; Soil property; Total petroleum hydrocarbons; Absorption; Absorption spectroscopy; Atoms; Chlorine; Chromium; Electric conductivity; Hydrocarbons; Lead; Manganese; Petrochemicals; Petroleum chemistry; Pollution detection; Sodium; Soils; Spectrometry; Zinc; Soil pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891601229	The impact of bitumen deposits on groundwater quality	Asubiojo O.I., Adebiyi F.M.	2014	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	36	4	10.1080/15567036.2010.536819	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Asubiojo, O.I., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria; Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Physico-chemical and elemental characteristics of groundwaters from a bitumen deposit area in Nigeria were determined with a view to assessing their levels of accumulation by the waters from the bitumen deposit and to provide a framework for the establishment of relationships between the chemistry of the mineral deposit and the groundwaters of the area. Physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical procedures, while the elemental contents were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the groundwaters have higher concentrations of elements (V, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn), which are known to be associated with hydrocarbon formation, than regular Nigerian groundwaters, apparently due to leaching of the elements from the bitumen deposit into the waters. Comparison of the analyzed parameters with their standard permissible values indicated that the waters were not potable. This was also corroborated by the values of their pollution index. Strong and significant positive correlations existed between some of the analyzed elements (K/Fe, K/Cu, Ca/Cr, V/Pb, Ni/Zn, Ni/Pb, Ca/Zn, V/Cr, V/Mn, V/Ni, V/Zn, Cr/Mn, Mn/Ni, and Ni/Cu), indicating a common source, chemical similarity, and/or common natural background levels in the waters. Elemental clustering results indicated that analyzed transition metals showed the closest inter-element clustering and were corroborated with their Pearson correlation matrices results, indicating chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin. Strong positive correlations were shown by the results of the cross-plot analysis of the groundwater/oil sand water fraction and groundwater/bitumen suggesting inter-element correlations between them, and also establishing relationships between the groundwaters and the bitumen deposit in the area and that contamination of any components of the ecosystem would easily affect other ecosystems. These results could be used as a fingerprint for bitumen exploration elsewhere and also for similar mineral deposit settings, such as crude oil and coal deposits. © 2014 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	bitumen; element; groundwater; oil sand; total reflection X-ray fluorescence	bitumen; element; Ground-water qualities; Hydrocarbon formation; Natural background levels; Physicochemical parameters; Positive correlations; Total reflection X-ray fluorescence; Bituminous materials; Chemical analysis; Clustering algorithms; Coal deposits; Correlation methods; Deposits; Ecosystems; Electromagnetic wave reflection; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Mineral resources; Oil sands; Water quality; Groundwater	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880248578	Environmental impacts of smallholder ethanol production from cassava feedstock for the replacement of kerosene household cooking fuel in Nigeria	Ohimain E.I.	2013	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	35	16	10.1080/15567036.2010.529565	Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States; Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Unit, Biological Science Departme	Ohimain, E.I., Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States, Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Unit, Biological Science Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce-Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa, Nigeria	The Federal Government of Nigeria in November 2009 announced the replacement of kerosene household cooking fuel with ethanol produced from cassava feedstock. The project tagged cassakero involved the installation of 10,000 units of mini-ethanol refineries for the production of 1.44 billion liters of ethanol cooking fuel by smallholder processors. This study presents the pathway of ethanol production from cassava, which includes farming, processing of cassava tubers to flour, and conversion to ethanol. Potential environmental impact associated with the cassakero project is the production of liquid and solid waste streams, which could cause acidification, eutrophication, and aquatic toxicity and biodiversity impacts arising from the conversion of 400,000 ha of forest to farmland. Notwithstanding, these waste streams could be converted to useful by-products including fertilizer, animal feeds, biogas, and co-generated electricity using currently available technologies. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	cassakero; cassava; cooking fuel; environmental impacts; kerosene substitution; renewable energy; smallholder	cassakero; cassava; Cooking fuels; Renewable energies; smallholder; Biodiversity; Ethanol; Eutrophication; Feedstocks; Fuels; Kerosene; Plants (botany); Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951890273	Prediction of gas wells performance using wellhead and production data	Onyeizugbe S.O., Ajienka J.A.	2011	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	33	8	10.1080/15567030903261840	University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Onyeizugbe, S.O., University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ajienka, J.A., University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The monitoring of gas wells is quite challenging principally because the gas supply contract is usually signed before the gas production commences. Consequently, production potential above the daily contractual quantity is normally maintained to ensure that gas demand is met even in the case of unexpected closure of any of the gas wells. Therefore, meeting the gas demand sometimes does not allow regular data acquisition as required. In the approach presented in this study, the well and production data were used to estimate the productivity parameters at the bottom hole condition of a gas well using correlation. The correlation predicts the flowing bottom hole pressure for every set of production data. The estimated flowing bottom hole pressures compare favorably with the measured data. Using the predicted flowing bottom hole pressure, the gas well productivity parameters are determined. The resulting inflow performance relationship of the well demonstrates the reliability of this method in real time well performance evaluation. The application of this method is presented using a gas well that initially had poor performance but which improved significantly after an acid stimulation. Copyright © Taylor &Francis Group, LLC.	correlation; gas; prediction; pressure; production data; productivity	Bottom hole; correlation; Gas demands; Gas productions; Gas well; Inflow performance relationships; Measured data; Poor performance; prediction; production data; Real time; Supply contracts; Well performance; Bottom hole pressure; Flowing wells; Forecasting; Gas supply; Gases; Natural gas well production; Natural gas wells; Productivity; Wellheads; Well stimulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906545171	The evaluation of pioneering bioethanol projects in nigeria following the announcement and implementation of the nigerian biofuel policy and incentives	Ohimain E.I.	2015	Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy	10	1	10.1080/15567249.2010.512904	Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Unit, Biological Science Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, 560001 Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Ohimain, E.I., Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Unit, Biological Science Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, 560001 Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Nigeria has joined the bioenergy production bandwagon in an attempt to reduce fossil fuel consumption, decentralize its energy sources and increase the renewable and cleaner energy share of the nations energy consumption. Following the release and implementation of the Nigerian Biofuel Policy and Incentives, 20 new bioethanol projects have commenced with an additional 13 projects in the offing. These projects qualify to be accorded pioneer status and its attendant benefits because they are directly involved in the production of fuel ethanol from locally sourced biomass feedstocks. We examined the projects based on the nominal ethanol yield from the various feedstocks and found that some of the projects were misevaluated in terms of feedstock requirement to produce the desired ethanol output. In such instances, we provided a more realistic estimate, which the project proponents could adapt in order to meet the designed ethanol production output. This study provided the very first attempt to evaluate pioneering bioethanol projects in Nigeria. Such information is typically not available in public domains in Nigeria. The study also highlighted the importance of policy for the promotion of biofuel, and actualization of environmental and sustainable development goals. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	bioethanol; biofuel policy; biorefineries; incentives; pioneer	Biomass; Energy utilization; Ethanol; Feedstocks; Bioenergy productions; Biofuel policies; Biomass feedstock; Biorefineries; Cleaner energies; Ethanol production; incentives; pioneer; Bioethanol	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857718401	The impact of contractors' prequalification on construction project delivery in Nigeria	Aje I.	2012	Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management	19	2	10.1108/09699981211206098	Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Aje, I., Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Purpose - Prequalification of contractors is a very important step in construction project procurement under the contract "Due Process" policy in Nigeria. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate the impact of contractors' prequalification on cost, time and quality performance of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire addressed to construction practitioners selected from clients, consultants and contractors' organizations. Also archival data on 77 completed building projects relating to prequalification assessment of contractors and project delivery variables were sourced from consultant quantity surveyors. The data were analysed with the aid of mean score and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings - The results show that contractors' prequalification has significant impact on time and quality performance of construction projects as evidenced by p/-values of 0.039 and 0.030, respectively. Practical implications - The findings should provide a valuable reference for clients and consultants during contractors' prequalification and contract award. Originality/value - The outcome of this paper will assist clients and consultants in the construction industry to carry out objective assessment of contractors' potential performance in relation to project goals prior to contract award. © 2012 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Construction operations; Contract workers; Due process; Impact; Nigeria; Prequalification; Project delivery; Project management	Construction operations; Contract workers; Due process; Impact; Nigeria; Pre-qualification; Project delivery; Construction industry; Management science; Project management; Contractors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052775609	Thermo-mechanical fatigue damage and failure of modern high performance diesel pistons	Floweday G., Petrov S., Tait R.B., Press J.	2011	Engineering Failure Analysis	18	7	10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.02.002	Sasol Advanced Fuels Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Origen Engineering Solutions, Cape Town, South Africa	Floweday, G., Sasol Advanced Fuels Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Petrov, S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Tait, R.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Press, J., Origen Engineering Solutions, Cape Town, South Africa	This study resulted from an engineering failure investigation related to diesel engine piston failures which occurred during a bench dynamometer engine durability test programme. The test programme aimed at evaluating the effects of various fuel types on the durability of fuel system components in passenger car diesel engines. A number of unexpected cylinder head, turbocharger and piston failures were experienced during the course of the test programme. This study focused on the cause of the piston failures experienced during these tests.Analyses of the fractured pistons revealed that thermo-mechanical fatigue initiation occurred as a result of primary silicon phase cracking and subsequent micro-crack formation due to excessive thermo-mechanical loading. Progressive formations of such micro-cracks lead to flaws that were of sufficient magnitude to initiate propagation by high cycle fatigue mechanisms.The investigation also revealed that the excessive thermo-mechanical piston loading was caused by over-fuelling and a combination of elevated and poorly controlled post intercooler air temperature. There was no evidence to suggest that the failures were related to the test fuel formulations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Cracking; Failure; Fatigue; Fracture; Piston	Air temperature; Cylinder head; Damage and failure; Engine durability; Engineering failures; Fuel formulation; Fuel types; High cycle fatigue; Intercoolers; Microcrack formation; Modern high performance; Piston failure; Primary silicon; System components; Test programme; Thermo-mechanical; Thermo-mechanical loading; Thermomechanical fatigue; Automobiles; Cracks; Diesel engines; Durability; Engines; Fatigue damage; Fracture; Fuels; Pistons; Engine pistons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749467285	Residual stresses and fatigue performance	James M.N., Hughes D.J., Chen Z., Lombard H., Hattingh D.G., Asquith D., Yates J.R., Webster P.J.	2007	Engineering Failure Analysis	14	2	10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.02.011	School of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; FaME38, ILL, ESRF, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom; Institute for Materials Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom	James, M.N., School of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Hughes, D.J., FaME38, ILL, ESRF, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Chen, Z., FaME38, ILL, ESRF, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Lombard, H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Hattingh, D.G., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Asquith, D., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom; Yates, J.R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom; Webster, P.J., Institute for Materials Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom	Residual stresses are an inescapable consequence of manufacturing and fabrication processes, with magnitudes that are often a high proportion of the yield or proof strength. Despite this, their incorporation into life prediction is primarily handled through sweeping assumptions or conservative application of statistics. This can lead to highly conservative fatigue design methodologies or unforeseen failures under dynamic loading. The pull from the desire for higher levels of materials performance, coupled with the push of more sophisticated techniques for residual stress measurement, favours a reassessment of the accuracy of assumptions made about residual stresses and their modification during fatigue cycling. A viewpoint is also emerging that the fatigue performance of welded joints might be optimised through careful process control, coupled with understanding of the relative positions of, and interaction between, residual stress peaks, weld defects, hardness and microstructure. This paper will present information regarding the residual stress profiles in aluminium and steel welds, and in shot peened aluminium, obtained via synchrotron and neutron diffraction at the ESRF-ILL in Grenoble. Certain specimens were then subjected to specific cases of fatigue loading and the residual stress field was again measured. Difficulties associated with determining the strain-free lattice spacing will be mentioned, and the potential import of these data for life prediction modelling will be considered. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fatigue performance; Residual stress; Shot peening; Synchrotron and neutron diffraction; Welded joints	Fatigue loading; Strain-free lattice spacing; Welded joints; Aluminum; Fatigue of materials; Mathematical models; Residual stresses; Shot peening; Steel; Welds; Failure analysis; Aluminum; Failure analysis; Fatigue of materials; Mathematical models; Residual stresses; Shot peening; Steel; Welds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875808744	Impact delamination testing of fibre reinforced polymers using Hopkinson Pressure Bars	Govender R.A., Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N., Cloete T.J.	2013	Engineering Fracture Mechanics	101	None	10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.07.025	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Govender, R.A., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Cloete, T.J., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	High rate delamination tests are often performed using high speed servo-hydraulic or drop-weight test frames. However, impact induced stress wave propagation in the specimen, load cell and test frame often results in oscillations in the force readings which can obscure specimen response. The Hopkinson Pressure Bar provides a means of measuring impact forces and velocities that accounts for stress wave propagation, but is typically used where forces are relatively high and deflections to failure are relatively low. A modified Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus was developed to conduct delamination tests, based on Three Point Bend Test geometry, at impact velocities of the order of 5-10. m/s, with specimen deflections to failure approaching 10. mm. This apparatus was used to test the delamination response of Glass Fibre reinforced Polypropylene specimens, using the mixed Mode I-Mode II Single Leg Bend delamination test. The shape of the force-deflection curve differed dramatically between quasi-static and impact tests. Finite Element Analysis, using cohesive zone elements to capture delamination, was used to elucidate the different response of the quasi-static and impact delamination tests. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Delamination; Fibre reinforced polymer; Strain rate	Cohesive zone element; Delamination testing; Fibre reinforced polymers; Force-deflection curves; Glass fibre reinforced; Hopkinson pressure bar; Stress wave propagation; Three point bend tests; Bridge decks; Fiber reinforced plastics; Finite element method; Glass fibers; Polypropylenes; Reinforced plastics; Strain rate; Delamination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957638886	Discrete fracture in high performance fibre reinforced concrete materials	Denneman E., Wu R., Kearsley E.P., Visser A.T.	2011	Engineering Fracture Mechanics	78	10	10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.04.008	University of California Pavement Research Center, 1353 South 46th Street, Bldg. 452, Richmond, CA 94804, United States; Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; CSIR Built Environment, Meiring Naudé Road, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa	Denneman, E., University of California Pavement Research Center, 1353 South 46th Street, Bldg. 452, Richmond, CA 94804, United States, CSIR Built Environment, Meiring Naudé Road, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa; Wu, R., University of California Pavement Research Center, 1353 South 46th Street, Bldg. 452, Richmond, CA 94804, United States; Kearsley, E.P., Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Visser, A.T., Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	In this paper a simple, but effective methodology to simulate opening mode fracture in high performance fibre reinforced concrete is presented. The main contribution of the paper is a technique to extrapolate the load displacement curves of three point bending experiments on fibre reinforced concrete. The extrapolation allows the full work of fracture to be determined, from which the fracture energy may be obtained. The fracture energy is used in the definition of a cohesive softening function with crack tip singularity. The softening relation is implemented in an embedded discontinuity method, which is employed for the numerical simulation of three point bending experiments. The experimental work includes a size effect study on three point bending specimens. The numerical simulation provides a satisfactory prediction of the flexural behaviour and the size effect observed in the experiments. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Civil engineering structures; Concrete; Crack tip singularity; Embedded discontinuity method; Fibre reinforced materials	Civil engineering structures; Discrete fractures; Embedded discontinuity; Embedded discontinuity method; Fibre reinforced concrete; Fibre reinforced materials; High-performance fibres; Load-displacement curve; Numerical simulation; Opening mode fracture; Satisfactory predictions; Size effects; Three point bending; Three-point-bending experiments; Work of fracture; Civil engineering; Computer simulation; Concrete buildings; Crack tips; Cracks; Experiments; Extrapolation; Fibers; Fracture; Fracture energy; Numerical methods; Reinforced concrete; Fiber reinforced materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244443379	Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part I. Case studies, monitoring techniques and environmental considerations	Ayalew L., Yamagishi H., Marui H., Kanno T.	2005	Engineering Geology	81	4	10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.08.005	Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Kawasaki Geological Engineering Consultant Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Addis Ababa University, Department of Earth Science, P.O. Box 1176, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia	Ayalew, L., Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, Addis Ababa University, Department of Earth Science, P.O. Box 1176, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia; Yamagishi, H., Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Marui, H., Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Kanno, T., Kawasaki Geological Engineering Consultant Ltd., Tokyo, Japan	A sufficient knowledge on the kinematics and development of landslides helps to adopt proper measures that can be used to protect slopes and the environment in general. This can be achieved by adequate monitoring programs. This paper presents the findings of intensive monitoring activities carried out on Shiidomari and Katanoo landslides found in Sado Island of Japan. More than one year of observation of the two landslides allowed defining some peculiar futures of their kinematics and style of development. The problem of slope instability in the two areas is generally accredited to various factors. But, both landslides were triggered by heavy rainfalls and snowmelt. Because of the outline of the area and the presence of relict topographic features, the Shiidomari landslide is considered to be a large-scale reactivation of old slope failures. The Katanoo landslide is, however, a first-time case. Geophysical investigations and drilling activities in Shiidomari indicated the presence of two slip planes. The deepest (80-100 m) of these is controlled by existing lineaments. Monitoring data suggests that the body of the landslide has subsided as much as 1.16 m just below the main scarp, but a centimeter in the central region. The toe sector also experienced a significant amount of subsidence, but this was counter-balanced by an uplift on the opposite side of the landslide. Hence, the landslide seems not any more active along the deepest slip surface, although it may extend upward and define a series of shallow shear planes around the crown. In the case of Katanoo, the landform characteristics, differential weathering, the road cut and groundwater fluctuations appeared to contribute much to determine the exact location of the landslide. Extensional cracks that preceded the landslide can be related to heavy rainfalls and the cold and warm cycles thereafter. Subsurface investigations and monitoring works indicated that the landslide has two slide blocks with different slip planes. During the observation period, the upper part of the landslide responded more effectively to rainfall and snowmelt than the middle and lower sections. The corresponding movements, however, appeared to settle about three months after failure. There were also little strain transmissions in boreholes and no significant change in the characteristics of the landslide. The kinematics of deformation of many of the slopes in Sado Island resembles that of Shiidomari landslide. But mass movements along highways and mountain roads are usually similar to Katanoo. Landslides of the type like Shiidomari may not show sudden and drastic failures, but are usually long lasting and can reactivate repeatedly along new, shallow shear planes. Monitoring works and long-term supervisions in these types of landslides are useful to identify impending failures and take the right measures before they brought about large-scale destruction to the environment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Environment; Landslide; Monitoring; Sado, Japan	Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring; Slope stability; Subsidence; Weathering; Differential weathering; Slope failures; Landslides; kinematics; landslide; monitoring; Asia; Eastern Hemisphere; Eurasia; Far East; Japan; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947074387	Machining performance analysis in end milling: Predicting using ANN and a comparative optimisation study of ANN/BB-BC and ANN/PSO	Ighravwe D.E., Oke S.A.	2015	Engineering Journal	19	5	10.4186/ej.2015.19.5.121	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Ighravwe, D.E., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oke, S.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	In engineering practice, it is interesting to find top-performing and newly-developed optimisers to solve particular engineering optimisation problems efficiently. However, until new optimisers are extensively used on problems, their potentials may be least known. This paper presents applications of a multi-objective surrogate-based optimisation of end milling machine performance. Back-propagation neural networks are trained in generating objective functions for surface roughness and tool wear. The optimisers are the big-bang big-crunch (BB-BC) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The novelty of the paper lies in the application of the newly developed BB-BC in the machining field and the novel combination of the artificial neural network (ANN) with BB-BC. The results obtained from the two case studies presented indicate that the proposed approach is capable of selecting optimal solutions. © 2015, Chulalongkorn University 1. All rights reserved.	Artificial neural network; End milling parameters; Fuzzy programming; Machining; Meta-heuristics; Surface finish; Tool wear	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866458564	Improving the performance of adaptive PDPID control of two-link flexible robotic manipulator with ILC	Mahamood R.M.	2012	Engineering Letters	20	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Mahamood, R.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Flexible link manipulator systems (FLMs) have many advantages when compared to their rigid counterpart, these include: higher manipulations peed, low energy consumption, high payload to weight ratio and low overall cost. Controlling FLMs is challenging because of the highly distributed nature of the system. This paper presents a very simple and efficient control algorithm using adaptive Proportional Derivative (PD) Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) (traditional controller) and Iterative Learning Control (ILC) for two-link flexible manipulator. The adaptive control scheme constantly tunes the PD control gains, the PID controls the vibration and the ILC improves the overall performance of the system. The manipulator was modeled using Lagrange and assume mode method. The proposed control law was tested in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. The performance and the performance index of the proposed control law were compared with those of the PDPID, PDPIDILC and adaptive PDPID controllers. The robustness of the proposed control law was further demonstrated through studying the effect of constant, repeating sequence, square wave and white noise disturbances. The result show that the proposed control law is robust to all these disturbances and has the best performance in all the cases studied.	Adaptive controls; Flexible link manipulator systems; ILC scheme; PD control; PID control	Adaptive Control; Adaptive control schemes; Control laws; Efficient control; Flexible robotic manipulators; Flexible-link manipulators; ILC scheme; Iterative learning control; Lagrange; Low energy consumption; Matlab/Simulink simulation; Mode method; Noise disturbance; Overall costs; PD control; Performance indices; Proportional derivatives; Proportional integral derivatives; Square waves; Two-link; Weight ratios; Adaptive algorithms; Adaptive control systems; Control theory; Controllers; Energy utilization; Flexible manipulators; Three term control systems; White noise; Two term control systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054900405	The influence of separation distance on the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave shielding technique	Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N., du Plessis N.J.	2011	Engineering Structures	33	12	10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.07.017	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; du Plessis, N.J., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article presents the results of an experimental investigation into the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation method in tunnel-like structures. Combinations of three different blockage ratios and three different separation distances (defined as the distance between the perforated plates and target plates) were used during the blast experiments to ascertain the influence of the two variables, while the charge to target plate stand-off distance was kept constant. The results were compared to those obtained during similar test work at a lower separation distance of 25 mm, and also to baseline experiments with no perforated plate at a similar stand-off distance. Results of the blast tests showed that the perforated plates with higher blockage ratios reduced the damage imparted to the target plate. This effect was more significant at the lower separation distances. Increasing the separation distance also reduced the damage for a given blockage ratio and impulse. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Blast loading; Mitigation; Perforated plates; Plastic deformation	Blast loading; Blast waves; Blockage ratio; Experimental investigations; Mitigation; Mitigation methods; Separation distances; Stand-off; Target plates; Experiments; Perforated plates; blasting; experimental study; loading; plastic deformation; structural component	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23844552375	Damage, deterioration and the long-term structural performance of cooling-tower shells: A survey of developments over the past 50 years	Bamu P.C., Zingoni A.	2005	Engineering Structures	27	12 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.04.020	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Bamu, P.C., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Zingoni, A., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	The last 50 years have seen a gradual shift in trend in research on concrete hyperbolic cooling-tower shells, from the issues of response to short-term loading and immediate causes of collapse in the early part of this period, to the issues of deterioration phenomena, durability and long-term performance in more recent times. This paper traces these developments. After a revisit of some historical collapses of cooling-tower shells, and a brief consideration of condition surveys and repair programmes instituted in the aftermath of these events, focus shifts to the important question of damage and deterioration, and progress made over the past 30 years in the understanding of these phenomena. In particular, much research has gone into the modelling of cracking and geometric imperfections, which have a considerable effect on the load-carrying capacity of the shell, and are also manifestations of long-term deterioration. While structural monitoring of the progression of deterioration in cooling-tower shells, and the accurate prediction of this through appropriate numerical models, will always be important, the thinking now seems to be shifting towards designing for durability right from the outset. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Concrete cracking; Cooling towers; Damage modelling; Deterioration phenomena; Durability; Long-term performance; Shell imperfections; Shell structures	Cooling towers; Crack initiation; Defects; Deterioration; Durability; Mathematical models; Performance; Reinforced concrete; Concrete cracking; Cooling tower shells; Damage modelling; Deterioration phenomena; Long term performance; Shell imperfections; Shells (structures); structural analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900417099	Thermal performance considerations for intelligent video	Alves R.	2014	EngineerIT	None	APRIL	None	Axis Communications, South Africa	Alves, R., Axis Communications, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904554720	Operations monitoring software for reliability and safety	Van De Groenendaal H.	2014	EngineerIT	None	JULY	None	Honeywell SA, South Africa	Van De Groenendaal, H., Honeywell SA, South Africa	Hans van de Groenendaal, features editor, EngineerIT, reviews a Honeywell Process Solutions White Paper. The paper describes the implementation of an effective operations monitoring solution for process industry facilities. New software tools are available for systematically monitoring plant performance data and analysing deviations from operating plans, enabling plant managers and operations personnel to better track plant performance against targets and identify problem areas.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864579649	New measures improve operations performance management	Van Der Merwe K., Paton A.	2012	EngineerIT	None	JULY	None	IME, South Africa; Hatch, South Africa	Van Der Merwe, K., IME, South Africa; Paton, A., Hatch, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053018252	Benefits of high-performance cloud computing of engineers	Dreyer R., Crunch Y., Dwolatzky B.	2011	EngineerIT	None	JULY	None	Wits University, South Africa	Dreyer, R., Wits University, South Africa; Crunch, Y., Wits University, South Africa; Dwolatzky, B., Wits University, South Africa	CrunchYard, a startup company established as part of the pre-incubator program run by the Joburg Center for Software Engineering (JCSE) at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) provides high performance computing (HPC) in the cloud offering several benefits. HPC cloud solution allows engineers to run many small problems in parallel. HPC cloud solution can also be used for large complex simulations and optimization problems. The use of HPC cloud solution leads to the reduction or elimination of simulation assumptions and approximations. The current CrunchYard cluster includes several packages such as FEKO, OpenFOAM, CP2K and SuperNEC that are available to all users. The use of a cloud-based system on a pay-per-use basis allows large organizations to budget per project more effectively such as the geosciences services department at Anglo American is using the CrunchYard platform to run the H3DTD code.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957912393	The Manto Tshabalala-Msimang affair: On the responsibility and impact of the press	Blatchford M.	2010	English Academy Review	27	1	10.1080/10131751003755971	University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Blatchford, M., University of Fort Hare, South Africa	It is suggested that in order to interpret a necessarily biased press, it is necessary to know what that bias is. However, sometimes the press not only refuses to acknowledge bias, but conceals the bias, and is able to avoid any negative consequences even when the bias becomes evident. An example from elsewhere is the case of Judith Miller's articles promoting war with Iraq in the New York Times. A local example, possibly less significant but even more problematic in some ways, is the case of the accusations of corruption and alcoholism made against Health Minister, Tshabalala-Msimang, in the Sunday Times. It is noted that in both cases there was a broad structural failure to encourage accurate journalism. In the local case, the truth was not available (even though many behave as if it were) and few seem to have considered this a problem. It is pointed out that when it is impossible to assess the source of bias of a newspaper, it becomes difficult to interpret the texts involved. Such developments may be making the press less socially usefulunless intricate methods of analysis prove effective in overcoming the bias(es) involved. © The English Academy of Southern Africa.	health care; Judith Miller; media freedom; Sunday Times; truth; Tshabalala-Msimang	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881247342	An exploration of the impact of students' prior genre knowledge on their constructions of 'audience' in a Marketing course at postgraduate level	Bangeni B.	2013	English for Specific Purposes	32	4	10.1016/j.esp.2013.05.001	Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Bangeni, B., Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article explores the development of audience awareness for two English additional language (EAL) graduate students making the transition from undergraduate Social Science disciplines into the professional discipline of Marketing at a South African university. The article examines the ways in which their conceptualisations of 'audience' shape their negotiation of the generic move structure informing a dominant genre within the discipline: the written case analysis. I argue that the students' struggle with realising the communicative purposes of the genre in their analyses has implications for how they engage with disciplinary theory within crucial moves. Data yielded by semi-structured interviews, reflection papers, as well as selected case analyses written by the students in the initial months of their postgraduate year illustrate how this struggle can be traced to a mismatch between their embodied understandings of the concept of 'audience' which are transported from undergraduate learning contexts, and 'audience' as prescribed by the communicative purpose of the written case analysis within a professional discipline. In making this argument, the article examines the ways in which an antecedent genre, the Social Science argumentative essay, contributes to this mismatch. The article concludes by outlining the pedagogical implications of the findings from an ESP perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Antecedent genre; Audience awareness; Disciplinarity; Prior genre knowledge; Transition; Written case analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863809434	Effect of teacher's qualification on the performance of senior secondary school physics students: Implication on technology in Nigeria	Owolabi O.T., Adedayo J.O.	2012	English Language Teaching	5	6	10.5539/elt.v5n6p72	Department of Curriculum Studies, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Curriculum Studies, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Owolabi, O.T., Department of Curriculum Studies, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Adedayo, J.O., Department of Curriculum Studies, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study examined the effect of teacher's qualification on the performance of Senior Secondary School students in Physics. The purpose was to determine whether the status of the teacher has any impact on the performance of the students in Physics. The survey type of descriptive research design was adopted. The sample for the study consisted of 100 Senior Secondary Schools Physics students in Ekiti State and the teachers that prepared and presented the students in each school for 2009/2010 West African School Certificate Examination. The year's result summary for each school was collated with the bio-data of their respective Physics teachers. Four hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 significance level. The data collated were analysed using inferential statistics. The results revealed that students taught by teachers with higher qualifications performed better than those taught by teachers with lower qualifications. It was also showed that students performed better in physics when taught by professional teachers. The result also showed that teacher's gender has no effect on their ability to impact knowledge on the students, much as he/she is a skilled teacher in that field of study. However, the experience of the teacher is significant at impacting the students' academic performance in Physics. Based on the findings, it was recommended that experienced teachers with professional qualifications in higher level should teach Physics at the certificate class.	Effect; Performance; Physics; Qualification; Students; Teacher; Technology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863750707	The influence of Process Approach on English as second language Students' performances in essay writing	Akinwamide T.K.	2012	English Language Teaching	5	3	10.5539/elt.v5n3p16	Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Akinwamide, T.K., Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	This study examined the influence of Process Approach on English as second language Students' performances in essay writing. The purpose was to determine how far this current global approach could be of assistance to the writing skill development of these bilingual speakers of English language. The study employed the pre-test post-test control quasi-experimental research design. The sample consisted of 80 senior secondary school final year students. The research material included the senior secondary school English Language recommended textbook, National Examination Council (NECO) and West Africa Examinations Council (WAEC) English Language Syllabi, Federal Ministry of Education English Language Curriculum, English-Language Teachers' Lesson Notes and Students Essay Writing Exercise books. The West African Examinations Council's (WAEC) English Language Essay Question as an adapted instrument was used to gather data. The data generated were subjected to statistical analysis and the results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores of both the Control and the Experimental group which indicated the homogenous state of both Control and Experimental groups. There was significant difference in the post-test scores of the Experimental and the Control groups. There was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students in Control group. As evident from the out-come of the research, the Process Approach (which presents writing in multiple drafts before the final writing) had significant effect on students' overall performance in essay writing.	English as a Second Language; Essay writing; Process approach; Product approach; Students' performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47749121398	From simplicity to performance: The place of second generation anglophone African poets	Olaoluwa S.S.	2008	English Studies	89	4	10.1080/00138380802011891	University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Olaoluwa, S.S., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927513994	Impact of mass rearing and gamma irradiation on thermal tolerance of Eldana saccharina	Mudavanhu P., Addison P., Conlong D.E.	2014	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	153	1	10.1111/eea.12228	Agricultural Research Council - Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI), Private Bag X5017, Vredenburg Campus, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Mt Edgecombe, Durban, South Africa	Mudavanhu, P., Agricultural Research Council - Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI), Private Bag X5017, Vredenburg Campus, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Addison, P., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Conlong, D.E., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Mt Edgecombe, Durban, South Africa	Mating ability, survival, and fitness of mass-produced sterile insects when released into the wild, are critical to the success of the sterile insect technique (SIT) as a pest management strategy, but their field performance remains one of the greatest challenges. Thermal stress tolerance by irradiated insects is a determinant of sterile insect quality, hence knowledge of their physiological competitiveness is essential for developing the SIT. Here, we report the results of experiments investigating effects of laboratory rearing and increasing radiation dosage on thermal limits to activity of the adult stage of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and critical thermal minimum (CTmin) were assayed using a dynamic method on both sexes of E. saccharina moths in laboratory vs. wild populations (to determine effect of rearing history). Furthermore, the laboratory population was exposed to 150, 200, and 250 Gy, to determine the effect of radiation dose. Laboratory-reared E. saccharina were more heat tolerant compared to wild moths for both sexes (CTmax = 44.5 vs. 44.3 °C), whereas in the case of CTmin (3.7 vs. 4.4 °C), wild moths were more cold tolerant than their laboratory-reared counterparts. Irradiation had a negative effect on both CTmax and CTmin. Moths treated at the lowest radiation dose were more cold and heat tolerant than those treated at the highest dosages (CTmin = 4.5 vs. 6.2 °C; CTmax = 43.9 vs. 43.5 °C), thereby reinforcing the importance of lower dosages rather than those that induce full sterility against E. saccharina. In general, sex had no influence on critical thermal limits in all moth treatments except for those irradiated at 150 Gy. The data presented in this article provide evidence that increasing radiation dose impacts on fitness of laboratory-produced moths relative to their wild counterparts, which in turn could affect the effectiveness of the SIT programme. © 2014 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Critical thermal limits; Laboratory domestication; Lepidoptera; Physiological fitness; Pyralidae; Radiation treatment; SIT; Sterile insect technique; Sugarcane	Eldana saccharina; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Saccharina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052523434	Effects of cocoa tree phenology and canopy microclimate on the performance of the mirid bug Sahlbergella singularis	Babin R., Anikwe J.C., Dibog L., Lumaret J.-P.	2011	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	141	1	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01164.x	CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; IRAD, BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Arthropod Team, UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier III, Montpellie	Babin, R., CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dibog, L., IRAD, BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Lumaret, J.-P., Arthropod Team, UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier III, Montpellier, France	Populations of the cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund (Hemiptera: Miridae), on cocoa, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), display sharp seasonal fluctuations in population size. To better understand factors and mechanisms involved in seasonal variation, we studied the life history traits of 10 successive generations of a caged population under field conditions. Nymphal survival and development were assessed on pods stored under cocoa canopy, whereas female survival and fecundity were evaluated on sleeved pods in cocoa trees. At the same time, cocoa phenology and cocoa canopy microclimate were characterized. A life table analysis was conducted with survival and fecundity temporal data. Reproductive parameters showed far more variation than nymphal development parameters, both within and among generations. We obtained low intrinsic rates of natural increase (about 0.04), the variation of which was mainly linked to the decrease in fecundity. Fecundity as well as life table parameters varied in accordance with natural population fluctuations, suggesting that S. singularis seasonal variation might be mainly linked to variation in female fecundity. A multiple regression analysis showed that variation in female fecundity was first correlated with the presence of young fruits on cocoa trees. Fecundity was also weakly affected by daily minimum r.h. and daily mean temperature. The usefulness of our results for modeling of S. singularis population dynamics and for the improvement of IPM strategies is discussed. © 2011 The Authors. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata © 2011 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Demographic parameters; Demographic processes; Fecundity; Hemiptera; IPM strategy; Life history traits; Life tables; Miridae; Nymphal development; Seasonal variation; Survival; Theobroma cacao	biological development; cocoa; crop pest; developmental stage; fecundity; insect; integrated pest management; life history trait; life table; microclimate; multiple regression; phenology; population dynamics; population modeling; population size; reproductive status; seasonal variation; survival; Hemiptera; Malvaceae; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649104658	Effects of integrating companion cropping and nitrogen application on the performance and infestation of collards by Brevicoryne brassicae	Mutiga S.K., Gohole L.S., Auma E.O.	2010	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	134	3	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00952.x	Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Cornell University, 335 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States	Mutiga, S.K., Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya, Cornell University, 335 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; Gohole, L.S., Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Auma, E.O., Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya	Sustainable management of cabbage aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major goal for collard, Brassica oleracea (L.) var. acephala (Brassicaceae), growers globally. Host finding ability of insect pests is significantly affected by diversified cropping systems, and this approach is being utilized currently as a pest management tool. Soil nutrition and its interaction with the cropping systems could have a significant effect on the general performance of collards and the infestation by cabbage aphids. In a search for a sustainable cabbage aphid control, a two-season field experiment was carried out with two intercrops, collards and chilli, Capsicum frutescens (L.) (Solanaceae), and collards and spring onions, Allium cepa (L.) (Alliaceae), and a collard monoculture. For each of the cropping systems, nitrogen (N) was applied to the soil as a top-dress at 20, 25, 30, and 35 g per collard plant. The response factors monitored were collard yield (fresh weight) and aphid infestation on collards. Spring onion-collard intercrop had the lowest aphid density and the highest yield. Collard monoculture had the highest aphid infestation and the lowest yield. High levels of N led to increased infestation of collards by aphids, but also led to a significant increase in the yield of collards. Significant interactions between the N rates and the cropping systems were observed on some sampling dates, with the highest yield being realized under a combination of spring onion-collard intercrop at a N rate of 30 g per plant. High aphid density led to a decrease in the yield of collards. It was concluded that with a spring onion-collard intercrop, the soil N level could be raised from the blanket rate of 20-30 g per plant and this would lead to an increase in yield. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Allium cepa; Aphididae; Brassica oleracea var. acephala; Capsicum frutescens; Hemiptera; Intercropping; Top-dress; Yield	agronomy; aphid; crop yield; experimental study; fertilizer application; intercropping; monoculture; pest control; soil nutrient; vegetable; Alliaceae; Allium cepa; Aphididae; Brassica oleracea var. acephala; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Brassica oleracea var. viridis; Brassicaceae; Brevicoryne brassicae; Capsicum frutescens; Hemiptera; Hexapoda; Magnoliophyta; Solanaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447325607	Evaluation of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) varieties for use as trap plants for the management of African stemborer (Busseola fusca) in a push-pull strategy	Khan Z.R., Midega C.A.O., Wadhams L.J., Pickett J.A., Mumuni A.	2007	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	124	2	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00569.x	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom; Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 52, Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana	Khan, Z.R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Midega, C.A.O., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Wadhams, L.J., Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom; Pickett, J.A., Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom; Mumuni, A., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 52, Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana	We evaluated eight Napier grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Poaceae)] varieties, used in various parts of eastern Africa as fodder, for their potential role as trap plants in the management of the African stemborer, Busseola fusca Füller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through a push-pull strategy. Oviposition preference, larval orientation, settling, arrest and dispersal, feeding, mortality and survival, and development were determined for each of these varieties under laboratory and screen house conditions. Two-choice tests showed that only two of the varieties tested (cv. Bana and cv. Uganda Hairless) were preferentially chosen by gravid female moths for oviposition over a susceptible maize variety, cv. Western Hybrid 502. Larval preference was, however, highly variable. Larval feeding by first instars on the maize leaves was more intense and significantly more than on leaves of all the Napier grass varieties evaluated. Food consumed and amounts assimilated by the third instars over a 24-h period were not different among larvae fed on stems of maize and those fed on stems of the various Napier grass varieties. Larval survival was significantly lower on all the Napier grass varieties (below 3%) than on maize (about 44%). Similarly, larval development was about 2-3 weeks longer on majority of the Napier grass varieties. It was concluded that cv. Bana had potential for use as a trap plant in the management of B. fusca because it was more preferred by the moths for oviposition, equally preferred as maize by the larvae for orientation, settling, and arrest, and allowed minimal survival of the larvae. It can thus be used with such 'push' plants as Desmodium spp. (Fabaceae) in a 'push-pull' strategy, but the effectiveness of such a strategy would strictly depend on proper establishment and management of these companion plants. © 2007 The Authors.	Development; Habitat management; Larval behavior; Lepidoptera; Maize; Noctuidae; Oviposition; Survival	crop pest; feeding behavior; grass; habitat management; larval development; larval settlement; maize; mortality; moth; oviposition; pest control; stem borer; survival; trap crop; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia; Busseola fusca; Desmodium; Fabaceae; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Pennisetum glaucum; Pennisetum purpureum; Poaceae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855527677	Performance of a semiochemical-baited autoinoculation device treated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French bean in field cages	Niassy S., Maniania N.K., Subramanian S., Gitonga L.M., Ekesi S.	2012	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	142	2	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01203.x	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	Niassy, S., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Maniania, N.K., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Subramanian, S., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Gitonga, L.M., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Ekesi, S., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	The performance of an autoinoculation device was evaluated in field cage experiments for control of Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Samantha (Fabaceae). Treatments consisted of a fungus-treated device with and without semiochemical (Lurem-TR), and a fungus-free device as control; the fungus used was Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). The overall mean number of conidia acquired by a single insect was higher in the fungus-treated semiochemical-baited device than in the device without semiochemical: 5.0±0.6×10 4 vs. 2.2±0.4×10 4 conidia per insect. The overall thrips mortality was also higher in the semiochemical-baited device than in the device without the semiochemical: 59.3±3.9 vs. 41.7±3.5%. Conidial viability was not affected in the M. anisopliae-treated device without semiochemicals, 7days after treatment, whereas it was considerably decreased - from 81.0±1.3 to 6.5±1.1%, 2 and 7days post-inoculation - in the M. anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited device. Thrips mortality was positively correlated with M. anisopliae conidial viability, and conidial viability was negatively correlated with conidial acquisition. This suggests that the semiochemical volatiles reduced the conidial viability, which in turn resulted in significant reduction in thrips mortality, despite the highest conidial acquisition in the semiochemical-baited fungus-treated device. Thrips density per plant was significantly reduced in both fungus-treated treatments (with semiochemical: 8.7±1.7 adults per plant; without semiochemical: 6.6±1.4 adults per plant) compared with the fungus-free control (19.8±2.6 adults per plant). These results demonstrate the potential for an autoinoculation device strategy for the control of thrips, particularly in screenhouses. © 2011 The Authors. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata © 2011 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Antifungal; Clavicipitaceae; Conidial acquisition; Conidial persistence; Fabaceae; Lurem; Methyl-isonicotinate; Thripidae; Thysanoptera; Western flower thrips	bait; disease treatment; fungus; inoculation; legume; mortality; performance assessment; pest control; semiochemical; thrips; volatile substance; Clavicipitaceae; Fabaceae; Frankliniella; Frankliniella occidentalis; Fungi; Hexapoda; Hypocreales; Metarhizium anisopliae; Phaseolus vulgaris; Thripidae; Thysanoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958778137	Moving towards integrated policy formulation and evaluation: The green economy model	Bassi A.M.	2015	Environmental and Climate Technologies	16	1	10.1515/rtuect-2015-0009	School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; KnowlEdge Srl, 35, via Col Di Lana, Castellanza, Italy	Bassi, A.M., School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa, KnowlEdge Srl, 35, via Col Di Lana, Castellanza, Italy	The mainstreaming of concepts related to the Green Economy, an action-oriented approach to reach sustainable development, has increased demands for integrated models that can shed light on the complex relations existing across social, economic and environmental indicators. A gap exists, whereby our thinking is rapidly evolving, but the tools available are still in the vast majority of cases sectorial, leading to planning processes taking place in silos. To avoid the emergence of side effects, and anticipate future threats and opportunities, a more systemic approach is needed. The Green Economy Model (GEM) was created taking into account four main capitals and their interconnections: physical capital, human capital, social capital and natural capital. The application of GEM in 10 countries has shown its capability to coherently represent reality and generate results that can more effectively inform decision making. © 2015 Andrea M. Bassi.	Green economy; Model; Natural capital; Policy; Simulation; System dynamics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881403	Habitat simplification increases the impact of a freshwater invasive fish	Alexander M.E., Kaiser H., Weyl O.L.F., Dick J.T.A.	2014	Environmental Biology of Fishes	98	2	10.1007/s10641-014-0278-z	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Ichythology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	Alexander, M.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Kaiser, H., Department of Ichythology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Weyl, O.L.F., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Dick, J.T.A., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	Biodiversity continues to decline at a range of spatial scales and there is an urgent requirement to understand how multiple drivers interact in causing such declines. Further, we require methodologies that can facilitate predictions of the effects of such drivers in the future. Habitat degradation and biological invasions are two of the most important threats to biodiversity and here we investigate their combined effects, both in terms of understanding and predicting impacts on native species. The predatory largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is one of the World’s Worst Invaders, causing declines in native prey species, and its introduction often coincides with habitat simplification. We investigated the predatory functional response, as a measure of ecological impact, of juvenile largemouth bass in artificial vegetation over a range of habitat complexities (high, intermediate, low and zero). Prey, the female guppy Poecilia reticulata, were representative of native fish. As habitats became less complex, significantly more prey were consumed, since, even although attack rates declined, reduced handling times resulted in higher maximum feeding rates by bass. At all levels of habitat complexity, bass exhibited potentially population de-stabilising Type II functional responses, with no emergence of more stabilising Type III functional responses as often occurs in predator-prey relationships in complex habitats. Thus, habitat degradation and simplification potentially exacerbate the impact of this invasive species, but even highly complex habitats may ultimately not protect native species. The utilisation of functional responses under varying environmental contexts provides a method for the understanding and prediction of invasive species impacts. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Freshwater fish; Functional response; Global change; Habitat complexity; Impact; Invasive species	None	DMR, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; NRF, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; 85,417, Department of Science and Technology, Re
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951756160	Performance of community-based natural resource governance for the Kafue Flats (Zambia)	Nkhata B.A., Breen C.M.	2010	Environmental Conservation	37	3	10.1017/S0376892910000585	Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Nkhata, B.A., Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Breen, C.M., Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The performance obstacles surrounding community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in southern Africa have much to do with understanding of environmental governance systems and how these are devolved. CBNRM appears to be failing because of flawed environmental governance systems compounded by their ineffective devolution. A case study in Zambia is used to illustrate why and how one CBNRM scheme for the most part faltered. It draws on practical experiences involving the devolution of decision-making and benefit-distribution processes on a floodplain wetland known as the Kafue Flats. While this CBNRM scheme was designed to facilitate the devolution of key components of an environmental governance system, the resultant efforts were largely unsuccessful because of the poor social relationships between government actors and local rural communities. It is argued that in Zambia, at least from an environmental governance system perspective, CBNRM has mostly failed. While generally bringing some marginal improvements to local communities, the construction and execution of an effective environmental governance system have been largely flawed. © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2010.	benefit distribution; CBNRM; community-based natural resource management; decision-making; devolution; environmental governance systems; Kafue Flats; Zambia	Benefit distribution; CBNRM; community-based natural resource management; devolution; environmental governance systems; Kafue Flats; Zambia; Environmental management; Natural resources management; Resource allocation; Decision making; decision making; floodplain; governance approach; natural resource; performance assessment; resource management; rural area; Kafue Flats; Zambia	None
None	None	Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: Evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania	Lund J.F., Burgess N.D., Chamshama S.A.O., Dons K., Isango J.A., Kajembe G.C., Meilby H., Moyo F., Ngaga Y.M., Ngowi S.E., Njana M.A., Mwakalukwa E.E., Skeie K., Theilade I., Treue T.	2015	Environmental Conservation	42	2	10.1017/S0376892914000241	Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntington Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Tanzania Forest Research Institute, Tanzania; Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tanzania	Lund, J.F., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Burgess, N.D., UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntington Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Chamshama, S.A.O., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Dons, K., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Isango, J.A., Tanzania Forest Research Institute, Tanzania; Kajembe, G.C., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Meilby, H., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Moyo, F., Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tanzania; Ngaga, Y.M., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Ngowi, S.E., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Njana, M.A., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Mwakalukwa, E.E., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Skeie, K., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Theilade, I., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Treue, T., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Nearly 10% of the world's total forest area is formally owned by communities and indigenous groups, yet knowledge of the effects of decentralized forest management approaches on conservation (and livelihood) impacts remains elusive. In this paper, the conservation impact of decentralized forest management on two forests in Tanzania was evaluated using a mixed method approach. Current forest condition, forest increment and forest use patterns were assessed through forest inventories, and changes in forest disturbance levels before and after the implementation of decentralized forest management were assessed on the basis of analyses of Landsat images. This biophysical evidence was then linked to changes in actual management practices, assessed through records, interviews and participatory observations, to provide a measure of the conservation impact of the policy change. Both forests in the study were found to be in good condition, and extraction was lower than overall forest increment. Divergent changes in forest disturbance levels were in evidence following the implementation of decentralized forest management. The evidence from records, interviews and participatory observations indicated that decentralized management had led to increased control of forest use and the observed divergence in forest disturbance levels appeared to be linked to differences in the way that village-level forest managers prioritized conservation objectives and forest-based livelihood strategies. The study illustrates that a mixed methods approach comprises a valid and promising way to evaluate impacts of conservation policies, even in the absence of control sites. By carefully linking policy outcomes to policy outputs, such an approach not only identifies whether such policies work as intended, but also potential mechanisms. © 2014 Foundation for Environmental Conservation.	Africa; community; conservation impact; decentralized forest management; impact evaluation; inventory; policy	Conservation; Pollution; Public policy; Africa; community; Decentralized management; Impact evaluation; inventory; Livelihood strategies; Management practices; Participatory observations; Forestry; Evaluation; Forest Management; Impact; Inventory Control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951572966	Is enhanced tourism a reasonable expectation for transboundary conservation? An evaluation of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park	Scovronick N.C., Turpie J.K.	2009	Environmental Conservation	36	2	10.1017/S037689290999018X	Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Scovronick, N.C., Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Turpie, J.K., Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	The transnational nature of biodiversity provides impetus for transboundary protected areas, however support for these also stems from expectations of political, social or economic benefits. The sociopolitical context of southern Africa makes conservation initiatives incorporating economic development particularly appealing, and supporters of transboundary conservation advance visions of tourism growth in this regard; however, this assertion has not been objectively assessed. The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, straddling South Africa and Botswana, is Africa's oldest formally recognized transfrontier park and widely viewed as the prototype for regional transboundary conservation. This paper examines visitation data combined with results from a visitor survey to indicate the tourism performance of the Park. Visitor numbers to the Park have not grown since its opening, but average length of stay and total visitor days have increased. However, it appears that this increase is primarily due to growth in bed numbers; the survey indicates that the Park's new features are only modestly used, and fewer than 10% of guests visit the adjacent country. Potential barriers to further growth include road conditions, Park size and homogeneity, and a lack of innovative tourism strategies. The need to expand socioeconomic monitoring of transboundary conservation areas in order to ensure their viability is reaffirmed. © 2009 Foundation for Environmental Conservation.	Peace park; Tourism; Transboundary conservation; Transfrontier	Average length of stays; Botswana; Economic benefits; Economic development; Peace Park; Potential barriers; Protected areas; Road condition; South Africa; Trans-boundary; Transboundary conservation; Visitor numbers; Biodiversity; Economics; Surveys; Parks; conservation management; conservation status; economic development; ecosystem management; ecotourism; protected area; tourism management; Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873321347	Considering effective adaptation options to impacts of climate change for maize production in Ghana	Tachie-Obeng E., Akponikpè P.B.I., Adiku S.	2013	Environmental Development	5	1	10.1016/j.envdev.2012.11.008	Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box MB 326 Accra, Ghana; Environmental Soil Physics and Hydraulics Unit, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou Université, Benin; University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 70, Legon Accra, Ghana	Tachie-Obeng, E., Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box MB 326 Accra, Ghana; Akponikpè, P.B.I., Environmental Soil Physics and Hydraulics Unit, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou Université, Benin; Adiku, S., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 70, Legon Accra, Ghana	As a contribution to guide policy planning, effective climate change adaptation options to enhance maize production in Ghana were examined. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator crop model, coupled with statistical downscaled climate scenarios of 9 general circulation models (GCMs) and farmer practices, were used to device adaptation options in the near future (NF) period of 2046-2065 based on IPCC A2 emission scenario at local scale level in Wa and Wenchi agricultural areas of Ghana. Results from the single-maize cropping season at Wa, in the savanna zone indicate that, a 6-week delay in sowing from 1961 to 2000 baseline date of 1st May to 15th June, was the most appropriate way to offset the negative effects of potential climate change resulting in a yield increase of 8.2%. In the forest-savanna transitional zone of Wenchi, a 4-week delay in the major season sowing date from 15th March to 15th April and no change in the minor season sowing date of 15th August resulted in a slight yield increase of 3.9%. On the other hand, a second adaptation option of using a medium heat-tolerant maize variety produced substantial gains in crop yield of 30.1% and 30.5% in savanna and forest-savanna transitional zones respectively with a longer grain-formation period under NF climate change when compared to delaying sowing dates. Effective adaptation options can thus reduce negative impacts of climate change in the NF, but require enabling policy to support its implementation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Adaptation; Climate change; Ghana; Maize cultivar; Savanna and forest-savanna	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947867679	Impact of the productive safety net program on farmers' investments in sustainable land management in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia	Adimassu Z., Kessler A.	2015	Environmental Development	16	None	10.1016/j.envdev.2015.06.015	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box: 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wageningen University and Research Center, Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adimassu, Z., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box: 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kessler, A., Wageningen University and Research Center, Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	This study assesses the impact of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on farmers' investments in sustainable land management (SLM) practices in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire for a sample of 159 households (82 PSNP participants and 77 non-participants) in four kebeles (the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia) of two weredas (districts). Using a cross-sectional household survey, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess the impact of PSNP on households' investments in soil erosion control and soil fertility management. The PSM results show that the control group of households (non-participants in PSNP) invested more in soil erosion control measures as compared to the treated group of households (participants in PSNP). On the contrary, however, the treated group of households significantly invested more in soil fertility management practices (e.g. inorganic fertilizer and compost) as compared to the control group of households. The negative impact of PSNP on households' investments in soil erosion control in the treated group of farmers is related to their high labor investment in public works, which is not the case for the non-participants in PSNP. This implies that PSNP should pay more attention to capacity building and awareness raising, which requires a restructuring of the program that would benefit long-term and more sustainable impact on reducing food insecurity and enhancing natural resources in the CRV of Ethiopia. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Central Rift Valley; Food security; Productive Safety Net; Propensity score matching; Sustainable land management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920710058	Assessment of the activity of radionuclides and radiological impacts of consuming underground water in Kumasi, Ghana	Darko G., Faanu A., Akoto O., Atta-Agyeman F., Aikins M.A., Agyemang B., Ibrahim A.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	73	1	10.1007/s12665-014-3433-0	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana	Darko, G., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Faanu, A., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana; Akoto, O., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Atta-Agyeman, F., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Aikins, M.A., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyemang, B., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana; Ibrahim, A., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana	The gross α–β activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in underground water samples were determined and γ spectroscopy measurements made as well. The gross α–β concentrations were measured using a low background gasless automatic α–β counting system calibrated with 241Am and 90Sr standards for α and β, respectively, while γ analyses were carried out using γ spectrometry system coupled to a NaI (TI) detector and measuring assembly. Gross α activities in the water samples varied from 15.7 to 142.7 mBq/L, registering an average value of 40.7 ± 12 mBq/L, whereas gross β activities ranged from 89.3 to 400 mBq/L. The activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 22.41 ± 6.07, 114.62 ± 13.01 and 227.38 ± 12.16 mBq/L, respectively. The mean annual effective dose due to water consumption was determined to be 7.00 ± 0.86 µSv/year per inhabitant. The gross α–β levels, the activities obtained for the three radionuclides and the annual effective dose were all within the WHO safe limits. This study indicates that underground water in the areas sampled is radiologically safe for consumption. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Gross alpha; Gross β; Radioactivity; Radionuclides; Water	Groundwater; Radioactivity; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Water; Annual effective dose; Gamma spectrometry; Gamma spectroscopy; Gross alpha; Gross alpha activities; Mean annual effective dose; Radiological impacts; Water consumption; Radioisotopes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899136242	The impact of agronomic inputs on selected physicochemical features and their relationships with heavy metals levels in surface sediment and water in sugarcane farms in Nzoia, Kenya	Omwoma S., Lalah J.O., Ongeri D.M.K., Schramm K.-W.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	71	10	10.1007/s12665-013-2824-y	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya; HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, The German National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany	Omwoma, S., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Schramm, K.-W., HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, The German National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany	Sugarcane farming is the most important cash crop cultivation activity in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya practised in an area covering approximately 114,000 Ha in total. For better yields, various agronomic inputs including fertilizers and herbicides have been used intensively in the farms, causing serious concerns about their potential impacts on the aquatic ecosystems within the lake basin. In this study, the physicochemical features of surface sediment and water including pH, total organic carbon contents and heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr) loads in River Kuywa and in runoff canals in sugarcane farms in Nzoia nucleus estate within the lake basin were determined to assess the effects of agronomic activities including agronomic inputs in the form of nitrogenous fertilizers [urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP)], herbicides and sewage sludge used in farming on their levels. The results indicated significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the heavy metal levels in sediment and water samples taken before and after the farms, respectively, indicating a positive impact on the concentration levels. The canal water and sediment samples' heavy metal levels were also significantly higher than those of the river samples showing that the influent sugarcane farm canal waters transfer these contaminants into River Kuywa. Although the levels of these parameters were significantly higher in the canals than in the controls obtained from outside the sugarcane farms, the heavy metal levels in soil samples from within the farms with similar agronomic activities did not differ significantly among the various plots. The turbidity, electrical conductivity, temperature, water and soil pH and total organic carbon values in samples obtained within the sugarcane farms showed significant seasonal variations and differed significantly from the values in the controls showing a significant negative impact of agronomic inputs on water quality. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Agronomic inputs; Heavy metals; Kenya; Lake Victoria catchment; River Kuywa; Sugarcane farming	Agronomy; Canals; Catchments; Copper; Heavy metals; Herbicides; Hydraulic structures; Lakes; Lead; Phosphate fertilizers; Rivers; Sewage sludge; Surficial sediments; Urea; Urea fertilizers; Water quality; Weed control; Agronomic inputs; Diammonium phosphates; Electrical conductivity; Kenya; Lake Victoria; Physicochemical features; Sugarcane farmings; Total organic carbon content; River pollution; agronomy; cash cropping; crop yield; cultivation; heavy metal; physiological response; sediment pollution; sugar cane; surface water; water pollution; water quality; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901638420	The impact of nitrogenous and phosphorous nutrients from selected point sources in Kisumu City on River Kisat and Nyalenda Wigwa Stream before their discharge into Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria	Musungu P.C., Lalah J.O., Jondiko I.O., Ongeri D.M.K.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	71	12	10.1007/s12665-013-2915-9	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, City Square, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya	Musungu, P.C., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, City Square, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Jondiko, I.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya	Various industrial facilities including a fish-processing factory, a matchbox factory, a flour mill and a landfill, all in Kisumu City in Kenya, were studied and found to discharge significant amounts of NO2 --N, NO3 --N, org N, total N and total P into River Kisat and Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, with % increases in the mean levels at the outlets of these facilities ranging from 9.6 to 200, 5.9 to 43.5, 9.3 to 96.1, 8.1 to 35.5 and 9.7 to 50.5 %, respectively. The concentrations of NO2 --N, NO3 --N, NH3-N, org N and total N attributable to these facilities increased by 1,509, 51.1, 112.6, 97.5 and 90.6 %, respectively, at the point of entry into Rive Kisat. The Nyalenda Wastewater Stabilization Ponds reduced the mean levels of NO2 --N, NO3 --N, org N, total N and T-P by 50, 10.4, 16.6, 7.8 and 30.8 %, respectively, indicating low efficacy of their removal and potential impact on water quality in Lake Victoria. The efficacy of the Kisat wastewater treatment plant was also found to be very low with % reductions of the analysed nutrients ranging from 2.82 to 41.30 %. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Environmental assessment; Kisumu City; Lake Victoria; N, P nutrients	Nitrogen oxides; Nutrients; Sewage lagoons; Stabilization ponds; Water quality; Environmental assessment; Industrial facilities; Kisumu City; Lake Victoria; Point of entries; Potential impacts; Wastewater stabilization ponds; Wastewater treatment plants; Lakes; ammonia; environmental assessment; food processing; industrialization; landfill; nitrogen; nitrogen dioxide; nutrient; phosphorus; point source; river pollution; stream; wastewater; water quality; East African Lakes; Kenya; Kisumu; Lake Victoria; Nyanza; Winam Gulf	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865738671	Environmental impact and vulnerability of the surface and ground water system from municipal solid waste disposal site: Koshe, Addis Ababa	Haile T., Abiye T.A.	2012	Environmental Earth Sciences	67	1	10.1007/s12665-011-1480-3	Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, P.O. Box Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Haile, T., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abiye, T.A., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, P.O. Box Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Geo-environmental assessment and geophysical investigations were carried out over the only functional municipal solid waste disposal site of the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, known locally as Koshe. The accumulated wastes from Koshe have impact on the surrounding human and physical environment since the disposal site was not designed. The study deserves emphasis because the city of Addis Ababa currently obtains a considerable portion of its domestic water supply from a well field developed not much farther from and along a groundwater flow direction in relation to the waste disposal site. It was found out that the leachates from the site contain high concentration of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chloride and sulphate besides high concentration of cobalt, nickel and zinc in the surrounding soils. The geophysical results have mapped weak zones and near-vertical discontinuities that could potentially be conduits for the leachate from the wastes into the deep groundwater system. Further, a zone of potential leachate migration from the landfill was identified from the electrical models; the location of this zone is consistent with the predicted direction of groundwater flow across the site. The results further suggested that the open dump site tends to cause increasing amount of pollution on the surrounding soil, surface and ground waters. Furthermore, it was observed that the Koshe waste disposal site has grown beyond its capacity and the poor management of the open dump landfill has reduced the aesthetic value of the surrounding environments. The need to change/relocate the existing waste disposal site to a more suitable and technologically appropriate site is emphasized. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Environmental pollution; Koshe-Addis Ababa; Leachate; Open dump	Aesthetic value; Biological oxygen demand; Deep groundwaters; Disposal sites; Domestic water supply; Electrical models; Environmental pollutions; Ethiopia; Ground water systems; Groundwater flow directions; High concentration; Koshe-Addis Ababa; Leachate migration; Leachates; Open dump; Physical environments; Sulphates; Surrounding environment; Surrounding soils; Waste disposal sites; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chlorine compounds; Cobalt; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Leachate treatment; Municipal solid waste; Soil pollution; Waste disposal; bioaccumulation; concentration (composition); environmental assessment; environmental impact; groundwater flow; heavy metal; landfill; leachate; municipal solid waste; numerical model; soil pollution; sulfate; surface water; vulnerability; waste disposal; water pollution; water supply; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650972083	Natural building stone composed of light-transmissive minerals: Impacts on thermal gradients, weathering and microbial colonization. A preliminary study, tentative interpretations, and future directions	Hall K.	2011	Environmental Earth Sciences	62	2	10.1007/s12665-010-0522-6	Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada	Hall, K., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada	A number of modern buildings employing claddings of granites or marbles have experienced bowing of the rock panels together with weathering of the material. Theoretical and field-based data analysis and laboratory experimentation have assumed that heat exchange resulting from incoming solar radiation is at the material surface. However, a number of recent experiments have clearly shown that some lithologies, including both marble and granite, comprise a number of light-transmissive minerals that significantly change the thermal responses in the outer few millimetres of the rock. Further, this translucence will create mineral-to-mineral stresses where light-transmissive minerals are in contact with opaque ones. The whole is further exacerbated by differences in thermal coefficients of expansion and conductivity which themselves may depend on the mineral axis; surface modifiers such as paints further complicate the situation. The degree of light penetration, based on field measurements, can be significant and can facilitate rapid changes in temperature (ΔT/Δt &gt; 2°C min-1) at depth within the rock thereby increasing the sub-surface stresses. The amount of light penetration for any given mineral will be dependent upon material slope, the latitude, season, and albedo. Albedo is identified as a complex variable, changing as a function of the angle of the sun to the particular surface; polished surfaces, as often with cladding, will further influence this. Data analysis suggests that, in the Northern hemisphere, south of the polar circle, the summer may not be the time of the largest heat loading on the southern aspect and that larger loadings, coupled with lower air temperatures, occur early and late in the year. This seasonal impact has great potential for thermal stresses on the southern aspect. The presence of light-transmissive minerals also allows sub-surface biotic colonization and results in weathering. Overall, where light transmissive minerals/lithologies occur the thermal responses are highly complex and in need of more rigorous consideration. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Endolithic colonization weathering; Light-transmissive rocks; Monuments; Thermal responses	Air temperature; Building stone; Complex variable; Data analysis; Endolithic colonization weathering; Field measurement; Field-based data; Future directions; Heat exchange; Heat loading; Light penetration; Material surface; Microbial colonization; Modern buildings; Monuments; Northern Hemispheres; Polished surfaces; Rapid changes; Sub-surfaces; Surface modifiers; Thermal coefficients of expansions; Thermal response; Building materials; Data handling; Experiments; Granite; Loading; Marble; Minerals; Rocks; Silicate minerals; Soil mechanics; Solar radiation; Sun; Surface properties; Thermal expansion; Weathering; air temperature; albedo; colonization; data acquisition; granite; laboratory method; latitude; light effect; lithology; marble; measurement method; microbial activity; mineral; monument; Northern Hemisphere; rock; solar radiation; temperature effect; weathering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920710089	Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of groundwater from shallow wells in Enugu town, Nigeria	Okeke H.C., Okoyeh E.I., Utom A.U., Anike O.L., Enekwechi E.K.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	73	1	10.1007/s12665-014-3427-y	Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Works Department Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Nigeria	Okeke, H.C., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Okoyeh, E.I., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Utom, A.U., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Anike, O.L., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Enekwechi, E.K., Works Department Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Nigeria	Nineteen shallow groundwater samples from Enugu town Southeastern, Nigeria were assessed for groundwater quality. The analytical result showed that Cl− correlated positively with EC and TDS, while NO<inf>3</inf>− also displayed strong correlation with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The trend of the cation and anion abundance from the analysis was K+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ and SO<inf>4</inf>2− > Cl− > NO<inf>3</inf>− > HCO<inf>3</inf>−, respectively. The dominant hydrochemical facies consisting 68 % of the water samples fall under the Na+–K+–Cl−–SO<inf>4</inf>2− type based on the Piper diagram. Few samples fall under Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−–SO<inf>4</inf>2− water type. The Wilcox diagram indicates that the water of the area under study can be classified as excellent to good, with one under doubtful to unsuitable category. Based on the US salinity plot, the shallow groundwater samples can be classified as good with all the samples falling in the C1S1 field. The analytical plot on the US salinity diagram and the Wilcox diagram reveals that the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation except for sample SWG-2. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Enugu; Groundwater; Irrigation; Nigeria; Sustainable development; Water quality	Calcium; Chlorine; Groundwater; Irrigation; Sustainable development; Water quality; Analytical results; Enugu; Hydrochemical facies; Nigeria; Physicochemical property; Shallow groundwater; Strong correlation; Water samples; Hydrochemistry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932199472	Environmental and health impact of potentially harmful elements distribution in the Panyam (Sura) volcanic province, Jos Plateau, Central Nigeria	Lar U.A., Gusikit R.B.	2015	Environmental Earth Sciences	74	2	10.1007/s12665-015-4178-0	Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	Lar, U.A., Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Gusikit, R.B., Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	The Panyam volcanic province is a plateau covering a superficial area of about 1200 km2, dotted by a number of dormant volcanoes forming prominent landmarks above the host continental gneiss–migmatite–granite rocks and stretching for about 12 km. The volcanism is basaltic, characterized by alkaline–calc–alkaline compositions. Large population of people live and depend on the volcanic environment for potable water and agriculture, most of whom display various forms of health problems ranging from dental caries, goitre, podoconiosis, etc. This study therefore seeks to evaluate the concentration levels of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in the various components of the volcanic environment and their relationship with the inherent human health problems in the area. Volcanic soils and underground waters (springs/boreholes waters) were collected from within the volcanic province for the analysis of major cations and anions. Samples of the volcanic soils were analyzed for the following heavy elements; Be, Co, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn. Water samples were analyzed for the major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+) and major anions (NO<inf>3</inf>2-, SO<inf>4</inf>2-, Cl−, HCO<inf>3</inf>- and F−) to determine their hydrogeochemical characteristics so as to identify the major sources of the cations and anions and factors controlling their distribution. The volcanic soils display mean values in Be, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se above the baseline regional values with enrichment factors (EF) (2 ≤ EF ≤ 5) indicating moderate to strong enrichment in the volcanic soils. Contrarily, there is clear impoverishment of As, Cd, Cu, V and Zn in the volcanic soils relative to the baseline values (0 ≤ EF ≤ 2). Except for Ni and Se which seem to have contaminated the volcanic soils [pollution load index (PLI) > 1], these other elements As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, V and Zn with PLI < 1 did not, possibly suggesting little or no anthropogenic input. The rare earth elements (REEs) are equally enriched in the volcanic soils and like most of the other PHEs, they must have been scavenged and co-precipitated with Fe during the weathering of the parent basaltic rock. The significantly lower La/Ce ratios (0.30–0.57) in the volcanic soils attest to the moderate to slightly severe intensity of weathering the parent basaltic rock was subjected to. The waters are predominantly (80 %) of Ca–Mg–HCO<inf>3</inf> type with the remaining 20 % of Na–K–HCO<inf>3</inf> type suggesting a control by water–rock alteration process from the host granitic basement and the overlying basaltic rocks. The fluoride content in all the water sources is positively correlated with the contents of Mg2+, Na+, and K+ suggesting a similar source and geochemical process. Tooth decay, a common tooth disease conditions in the volcanic province, could be linked to the low F content in the waters. © 2015, The Author(s).	Basaltic rocks; Human health; Jos Plateau; Panyam volcanic line; PHEs; Volcanoes	Basalt; Beryllium; Calcium; Chemical elements; Exploratory geochemistry; Groundwater; Health; Ions; Lead; Nickel; Positive ions; Potable water; Rocks; Soil pollution; Soils; Stretching; Volcanoes; Weathering; Zinc; Basaltic rocks; Human health; Jos Plateau; Panyam volcanic line; PHEs; Volcanic rocks; alkalinity; basalt; baseline conditions; basement rock; borehole; concentration (composition); dental health; enrichment; environmental impact assessment; gneiss; granite; health impact; heavy metal; heritability; hydrogeochemistry; ionic composition; migmatite; parent material; precipitation (chemistry); public health; rare earth element; scavenging (chemistry); soil pollution; spatial distribution; spring (hydrology); volcanic soil; volcanism; water-rock interaction; weathering; Jos Plateau; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888035894	Evaluation of trace element contents in groundwater in Abakaliki metropolis and around the abandoned mine sites in the southern part, Southeastern Nigeria	Okogbue C.O., Ukpai S.N.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	7	10.1007/s12665-013-2401-4	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ukpai, S.N., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in the groundwater of Abakaliki urban and some abandoned mine sites in the Southern part. Sixteen trace elements were analyzed for each of the twenty water samples collected. Laboratory results showed that the concentration of manganese varied from 4.816 to 11.238 ppm, zinc from 0.126 to 1.403 ppm, copper from 0.198 to 0.967 ppm, lead from 0.005 to 0.010 ppm, arsenic from 0.001 to 0.009 ppm, chromium from 0.009 to 0.025 mg/l, cadmium from 0.003 to 0.011 mg/l, mercury from 0.001 to 0.005 mg/l, nickel from 0.008 to 0.032 mg/l, selenium from 0.001 to 0.011 ppm, iodine from 0.013 to 0.050 ppm, uranium from 0.001 to 0.006 ppm, platinum from 0.009 to 0.032 ppm, tin from 0.014 to 0.015 ppm, lithium from 0.009 to 0.024 mg/l, cobalt from 0.015 to 0.036 mg/l, and iron from 0.010 to 0.980 ppm. These results were analyzed statistically and their distribution modeled using a software package. The results were also compared with world standards for potable water. The comparison showed that water samples are contaminated with trace elements and particularly polluted with, Mn, Hg, and Cd with average concentration values of 8.43, 0.002, and 0.005 mg/l, all above the World Health Organization standard limits of 0.005, 0.001 and 0.003 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Ni are above the permissible limits of 0.30, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/l, respectively, in some places. Health hazards like metal poisoning which can result from pollution of this nature cannot be ruled out. Controlling processes such as chemical dissolutions, mechanical weathering and pollution from urban sewage, release the trace elements to the soil system while chemical dilution, otherwise called leaching, streamlines the trace element plumes to the groundwater regime with dispersion processes mixing and spreading the plume. Dispersion trends of the elements show point sources from the southern part, indicating presence of ore deposits, most likely sulfide ores as interpreted from correlation matrix. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki area; Groundwater; Pollution; Trace elements	Abakaliki area; Average concentration; Chemical dissolution; Groundwater regimes; Mechanical weatherings; Southeastern Nigeria; Trace element content; World Health Organization; Abandoned mines; Dispersions; Groundwater; Health hazards; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Nickel; Ore deposits; Pollution; Potable water; Sewage; Trace elements; Urban growth; Zinc; Groundwater pollution; abandoned mine; concentration (composition); dispersion; dissolution; drinking water; groundwater pollution; metropolitan area; ore deposit; plume; point source pollution; poisoning; pollution monitoring; sewage; software; sulfide; trace element; Abakaliki; Ebonyi; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925500432	Evaluation of hydrochemical characteristics and flow directions of groundwater quality in Udi Local Government Area Enugu State, Nigeria	Chukwura U.O., Udom G.J., Cuthbert S.J., Hursthouse A.S.	2015	Environmental Earth Sciences	73	8	10.1007/s12665-014-3741-4	Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom	Chukwura, U.O., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom; Udom, G.J., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Cuthbert, S.J., School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom; Hursthouse, A.S., School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom	A hydrogeological study was conducted at the Udi Local Government Area in south-eastern region of Nigeria to examine the hydrochemical constituent of groundwater and determine the quality for drinking and agricultural purposes. Results show that groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly basic, soft and potable, when compared with the World Health Organisation standards for drinking water, and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The groundwater flow direction was determined to establish the implications of pollution from any water contamination. Twenty-one groundwater samples from existing boreholes were collected and analysed for various physicochemical parameters using standard field and laboratory techniques. Distribution of major ions was plotted on a Trilinear Piper diagram. Ajali Sandstone, known as major aquiferous layer in the area, outcrops predominately in sandy bed with medium to coarse-grained sediments. The aquifers are unconfined, semi-confined and with hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 9.0 × 10−2 to 8.5 × 10−2 m/day indicating medium transmissivity of groundwater in some areas and a flow net south to northward groundwater flow towards the coast. This explains why the aquifer does not appear to be very permeable and only provides a medium yield of good quality water in some regions of the study area. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Groundwater flow; Groundwater quality; Guinea savannah; Hydrochemistry; Nigeria; Tropical rain forest	Agriculture; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Groundwater geochemistry; Groundwater resources; Hydrochemistry; Hydrogeology; Potable water; Water quality; Coarse-grained sediments; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater flow directions; Guinea savannah; Hydrochemical characteristics; Nigeria; Physicochemical parameters; Tropical rain forest; Groundwater pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886784599	Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity Materials (NORM) of Soil and Sediments in Oil and Gas Wells in Western Niger Delta Region of Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Ononugbo C.P.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	6	10.1007/s12665-013-2312-4	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Avwiri, G.O., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ononugbo, C.P., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Oil mineral leases (30, 58 and 61) in Delta and River States are the major oil blocks in the oil and gas rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria that is characterized by environmental degradation from oil and gas activities. This research work presents an analytical approach on natural radioactivity assessment in soil and sediment in 15 oil fields of these OMLs. Concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were determined using gamma spectroscopy. The mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML30 is 40.2 ± 5.1, 29.9 ± 4.2 and 361.5 ± 20.0 Bq kg-1, respectively; the corresponding values obtained for OML58 is 20.9 ± 2.8, 19.4 ± 2.5 and 260.0 ± 14.1 Bq kg-1, respectively. While the mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML61 is 29.3 ± 3.5, 21.6 ± 2.6 and 262.1 ± 14.6 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values obtained show enhanced NORMs, but are well within the world range and values reported in some regions and countries of the world, and are slightly above control values, values obtained in Southwestern region of Nigeria and some countries reported average values. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices, the mean values obtained are 86.6 ± 9.3 Bq kg-1, 0.6 Bq kg-1, 40.8 ηGy h-1, 0.05 μSv y-1, 0.2 and 0.3 for radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed dose rates (D), annual effective dose rates (E ff dose), external hazard index (H ex) and internal hazard index (H in), respectively. These calculated hazard indices to estimate the potential radiological health risk in soil and sediment are well below their permissible limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for the inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any radiological threat or harm to the public users. However, oil-field workers and host community residents are cautioned against excess exposure to avoid future accumulative dose of these radiations from sludge and sediment of this area. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Niger Delta; NORM; Oil field soil; Oil mineral lease	Absorbed dose rates (d); Field soil; Mean activity concentrations; Niger Delta; NORM; Oil mineral lease; Radiation hazard indices; Radium equivalent activity; Natural gas wells; Oil fields; Radiation hazards; Radiology; Soils; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Sediments; concentration (composition); environmental degradation; gamma ray spectrometry; gas well; hazard assessment; health risk; oil field; oil well; pollution exposure; public health; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; resident population; sediment pollution; sludge; soil pollution; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920709894	Impact of land use types on the concentrations of metals in soils of urban environment in Nigeria	Iwegbue C.M.A.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	72	11	10.1007/s12665-014-3355-x	Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Iwegbue, C.M.A., Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	The concentrations of metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were determined in soils under different land use types in an urban environment in order to study the impact of land uses on the concentrations of metals in the soils. The mean concentration range of metals for all land use types were 42.1 to 410, 11.2 to 118.2, 4388.2 to 31891.1, 9.7 to 65.4, 0.1 to 1.8, 4.7 to 35.2, 2.0 to 16.8 and 77.9 to 881.7 mg/kg, for Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn, respectively. The computed multiple pollution index (MPI) indicated that 67 % of the examined sites had MPI values between 1 and 20 i.e. at the pollution range, while 33 % of sites had MPI values of zero which indicated that these sites were not polluted with the studied metals. Zinc had the highest impact on the multiple pollution index values. Three main principal components were identified from the principal component analysis which include (i) Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni originating from both industrial and agricultural sources, and as well as automobile exhausts; (ii) Fe and Mn which originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources; (iii) Cd which its anthropogenic origin is different from components I and II. This study provided information on the sources of metals in the urban environment and extent of contamination associated with each land use, which are useful in the ranking of contaminated sites, environmental quality management, environmental forensic studies and guidance for remediation/redevelopment of contaminated land. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Contamination/pollution index; Land use; Metals; Urban soil	Cadmium; Contamination; Copper; Land use; Lead; Manganese; Metals; Nickel; Principal component analysis; Quality management; Remediation; Soil pollution; Soils; Urban growth; Urban planning; Zinc; Agricultural sources; Anthropogenic origin; Anthropogenic sources; Contamination/pollution indices; Different land use types; Environmental forensics; Environmental quality; Urban soils; Pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919863409	Using impacts of deep-level mining to research karst hydrology—a Darcy-based approach to predict the future of dried-up dolomitic springs in the Far West Rand goldfield (South Africa). Part 1: a conceptual model of recharge and inter-compartmental flow	Schrader A., Winde F., Erasmus E.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	72	9	10.1007/s12665-014-3263-0	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Schrader, A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Winde, F., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Erasmus, E., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Some of the world’s deepest goldmines are located in the Far West Rand (FWR) goldfield operating below of up to 1.2-km-thick dolomites hosting some of the largest karst aquifers in South Africa. Associated impacts include the dewatering of the overlying karst aquifers as well as linking previously disconnected compartments by mining through aquicludes (dykes). The focus of the study is on predicting groundwater balances in re-watered aquifers after mining ceases as this will determine whether or not associated karst springs that dried-up due to dewatering will ever flow again. Critically revisiting, Swart et al. (Environ Geol 44:751–770, 2003a) who predict that all springs will flow again, this study uses significantly larger data sets and modified assumptions to increase the robustness of findings as the question is crucial for post-closure development. As a first of two papers, this part develops a conceptual model on the mega-compartment concept that predicts a flat water table across all linked compartments that would leave the springs dry. The model identifies the ratio between inflowing surface water (recharge) and underground water losses to downstream compartments via mined-through dykes (‘inter-compartmental groundwater flow’, IGF) as a key factor governing the elevation of the post-mining water table, creating the base for part 2, where the IGF and the post-mining water tables are determined using unique large data sets that have not been evaluated before. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Dewatering; Dolomitic compartments; Mega-compartment concept; Post-mining spring flow; Re-watering	Aquifers; Dewatering; Forecasting; Gold; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Landforms; Springs (water); Surface waters; Conceptual model; Deep-level mining; Dolomitic compartments; Karst hydrology; Large datasets; Mega-compartment concept; Re-watering; Spring flow; Recharging (underground waters); conceptual framework; Darcy law; data set; dewatering; dike; dolomite; environmental impact; gold mine; groundwater flow; karst hydrology; prediction; recharge; water budget; water table; South Africa; Centrostegia thurberi	86331, NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907092997	Using impacts of deep-level mining to research karst hydrology—a Darcy-based approach to predict the future of dried-up dolomitic springs in the Far West Rand goldfield (South Africa). Part 2: predicting inter-compartmental flow and final groundwater tabl	Schrader A., Winde F., Erasmus E.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	72	7	10.1007/s12665-014-3298-2	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Schrader, A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Winde, F., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Erasmus, E., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Some of the world’s deepest goldmines operate below dolomitic karst aquifers in the Far West Rand (FWR) goldfield, South Africa. Associated impacts include the continuous dewatering of karst aquifers for over six decades and irreversible changes of the hydrogeological setting. Affecting an area of approximately 400 km2 by drawing down the water table up to 700 m, these impacts, and the large amounts of data generated in the process, are used as unique research opportunities to better understand the complex karst hydrology. The focus of this study is on predicting final water table elevations in rewatered aquifers after mining ceases taking the fact that mines hydraulically linked previously disconnected aquifers into account. While part 1 of this series develops the conceptual model, this second part utilises large sets of pertinent data to calculate actual flow rates for predicting the fate of dried up springs after mine closure. Following a Darcy-based approach first applied by Swart et al. (Environ Geol 44:751–770, 2003a) it is not only predicted that the springs will flow again but also shown that linear relationships exist between flow rates through a combined system of karst-fractured aquifers overlying the mine void and the associated hydraulic head driving them. This suggests that—at this scale—porous media-based equations can be meaningfully used to predict flow in non-porous media. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Darcy’s law; Deep-level mining; Dewatered dolomitic compartments; Dried-up karst springs; Post-mine closure rewatering	Aquifers; Dewatering; Flow rate; Forecasting; Gold; Groundwater resources; Landforms; Plant shutdowns; Porous materials; Springs (water); Deep-level mining; Dewatered dolomitic compartments; Hydrogeological settings; Karst springs; Large amounts of data; Re-watering; Research opportunities; Water table elevation; Hydrogeology; closure; dewatering; hydraulic head; karst; karst hydrology; mining; water flow; water table; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877669016	Evaluation of unconfined aquifer parameters from flow to partially penetrating wells in Tailan River basin, China	Appiah-Adjei E.K., Shu L., Adjei K.A., Deng M., Wang X.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	69	3	10.1007/s12665-012-1965-8	State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang, Xinjiang, 830063, China	Appiah-Adjei, E.K., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China, Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Shu, L., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Adjei, K.A., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Deng, M., Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang, Xinjiang, 830063, China; Wang, X., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China	Effective evaluation, management and abstraction of groundwater resources of any aquifer require accurate and reliable estimates of its hydraulic parameters. This study, therefore, looks at the determination of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined aquifer using both analytical and numerical approaches. A long-duration pumping test data obtained from an unconfined aquifer system within the Tailan River basin in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the northwest of China is used, in this study, to investigate the best method for estimating the parameters of the aquifer. The pumping test was conducted by pumping from a radial collector well and measuring the response in nine observation wells; all the wells used in the test were partially penetrating. Using two well-known tools, namely AquiferTest and MODFLOW, as an aid for the analytical and numerical approaches, respectively, the parameters of the aquifer were determined and their outputs compared. The estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and specific yield for the analytical approach are 38.1-50.30 m/day, 3.02-9.05 m/day and 0.204-0.339, respectively, while the corresponding numerical estimates are 20.50-35.24 m/day, 0.10-3.40 m/day, and 0.27-0.31, respectively. Comparing the two, the numerical estimates were found to be more representative of the aquifer in the study area since it simulated the groundwater flow conditions of the pumping test in the aquifer system better than the analytical solution. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	MODFLOW; Moench solution; Partial penetration; Pumping test; Tailan River basin; Unconfined aquifer	MODFLOW; Partial penetration; Pumping tests; Tailan river basins; Unconfined aquifers; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Hydraulic conductivity; Pumps; Watersheds; Parameter estimation; aquifer; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic property; hydrogeology; mathematical analysis; parameterization; pumping; water resource; well; China; Tailan River; Xinjiang Uygur	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956959511	Evaluating environmental impact of nigerian composted wastes using laboratory extraction test	Adekunle I.M.	2010	Environmental Engineering and Management Journal	9	5	None	University of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Adekunle, I.M., University of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Composting is an option for biodegradable waste management in Nigeria, but there is no relatively simple, fast screening compliance procedure applied to allow reliable judgment of acceptability of the recycled waste materials for land use. This study, therefore, investigated the possibility of using water extractable metal fraction at different water to compost ratios (W/C); 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1 and 2:1, to evaluate the potential availability of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd contained in 6 compost formulations via batch extraction procedure. The effect of turning during compost production, on the metal water solubility was also assessed. Metal concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, after acid digestion. Results showed that the percentages of water extractable metal fraction (PWE) varied from 2.43 to 34.11% for Cu, 1.6 to 23.33% for Cd, 0.76 to 20.88% for Pb and 0.01 to 7.11% for Zn and their correlations against W/C gave negative coefficients (-0.100 to -0.809). From the maximum value, PWE decreased in the order: Cu > Cd > Pb > Zn and for a rapid assessment of potential metal availability from these composts, W/C from 5:1 to 20:1 could be the best indicator. The factor of turning during the composting procedure did not appear to have played a significant role in the metal availability. Study contributes to the development of base knowledge necessary to define compost land application practices that are protective of soil and water quality in the country.	Composting; Environment; Nigeria; Organic wastes; Risk assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84969556965	Evaluation of impact of climate variability on water resources and yield capacity of selected reservoirs in the north central Nigeria	Salami A.W., Ibrahim H., Sojobi A.O.	2015	Environmental Engineering Research	20	3	10.4491/eer.2015.0041	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Nigeria	Salami, A.W., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Sojobi, A.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Nigeria	This paper presents the evaluation of the impact of climate change on water resources and yield capacity of Asa and Kampe reservoirs. Trend analysis of mean temperature, runoff, rainfall and evapotranspiration was carried out using Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope, while runoff was modeled as a function of temperature, rainfall and evapotranspiration using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Rainfall and runoff exhibited positive trends at the two dam sites and their upstream while forecasted ten-year runoff displayed increasing positive trend which indicates high reservoir inflow. The reservoir yield capacity estimated with the ANN forecasted runoff was higher by about 38% and 17% compared to that obtained with historical runoff at Asa and Kampe respectively. This is an indication that there is tendency for water resources of the reservoir to increase and thus more water will be available for water supply and irrigation to ensure food security. © 2015 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.	Asa river; Climate variability; Kampe river; Reservoir yield; Runoff	Climate change; Climatology; Evapotranspiration; Food supply; Neural networks; Rain; Reservoirs (water); Runoff; Water supply; Climate variability; Food security; Mann-Kendall; North Central Nigeria; Rainfall and runoffs; Reservoir inflow; Trend analysis; Yield capacity; Water resources	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897906615	Measurement of ordinary heterotrophic organism active biomass in activated sludge mixed liquor: Evaluation and comparison of the quantifying techniques	Lee B.J., Wentzel M., Ekama G., Choi Y.Y., Choi J.W.	2014	Environmental Engineering Research	19	1	10.4491/eer.2014.19.1.091	School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Lee, B.J., School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea; Wentzel, M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ekama, G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Choi, Y.Y., School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea; Choi, J.W., School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea	Ordinary heterotrophic organism (OHO) active biomass plays key roles in biological wastewater treatment processes. However, due to the lack of measurement techniques, the OHO active biomass exists hypothetically within the design and simulation of biological wastewater treatment processes. This research was purposed to develop a quick and easy quantifying technique for the OHO active biomass applying a modified batch aerobic growth test. Two nitrification-denitrification activated sludge systems, with 10- and 20-day sludge ages, were operated to provide well-cultured mixed liquor to the batch tests. A steady state design model was firstly applied to quantify the "theoretical" OHO active biomass concentration of the two parent systems. The mixed liquor from the parent systems was then inoculated to a batch growth test and a batch digestion test to estimate the "measured" OHO active biomass concentration in the mixed liquor. The measured OHO active biomass concentrations with the batch growth test and the batch digestion test were compared to the theoretical concentrations of the parent system. The measured concentrations with the batch growth test were generally smaller than the theoretical concentrations. However, the measured concentrations with the batch aerobic digestion tests showed a good correlation to the theoretical concentrations. Thus, a different microbial growth condition (i.e., a higher food/biomass ratio) in the batch growth test, compared to the parent system or the batch digestion test, was found to cause underestimation of the OHO active biomass concentrations. © 2014 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.	Activated sludge system; Active biomass; Endogenous respiration; Growth; Heterotrophic; Models	Activated sludge systems; Active biomass; Biological wastewater treatment process; Design and simulation; Endogenous respiration; Heterotrophic; Measurement techniques; Nitrification-denitrification; Activated sludge process; Biomass; Growth (materials); Models; Wastewater treatment; Ecology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951596200	Laboratory and field evaluation of formulated bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a feed additive and using topical applications for control of musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae in caged-poultry manure	Mwamburi L.A., Laing M.D., Miller R.	2011	Environmental Entomology	40	1	10.1603/EN09124	Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Mwamburi, L.A., Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Laing, M.D., Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Miller, R., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Infestations of house flies, Musca domestica L., are a continual problem around poultry establishments. Acute toxicity of two commercial Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) formulations (water-dispersible granules and bran formulation) was evaluated against larvae in the laboratory and against natural populations of M. domestica larvae in the field applied in feed to chickens and as topical applications in the poultry houses. Bioassay data showed that susceptibility of M. domestica larvae increased to a given concentration of Bti as the duration of exposure increased. In the laboratory studies, the LC50 values of Bti for the larvae ranged between 65 and 77.4 Âμ g/ml. In the field, a concentration of 10 g Bti/kg of feed resulted in 90% reduction of larvae at 4 wk after treatment. A higher concentration (2 g/liter) of Bti in spray applications was not significantly more effective than the lower concentration of 1 g/liter. Adding Bti to chicken feed is potentially an efficient measure for the management and control of house flies in caged-poultry facilities. © 2011 Entomological Society of America.	Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis; biological control; Musca domestica; poultry manure	food additive; insecticide; bacterium; bioassay; biological control; concentration (composition); fly; infectious disease; laboratory method; manure; pest control; poultry; toxicity; animal; animal food; animal housing; article; Bacillus thuringiensis; biological pest control; chicken; house fly; larva; manure; methodology; microbiology; South Africa; Animal Feed; Animals; Bacillus thuringiensis; Chickens; Food Additives; Houseflies; Housing, Animal; Insecticides; Larva; Manure; Pest Control, Biological; South Africa; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis; Diptera; Gallus gallus; Musca domestica; Muscidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250741031	Influence of soil texture, moisture, and surface cracks on the performance of a root-feeding flea beetle, Longitarsus bethae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for Lantana camara (Verbenaceae)	Simelane D.O.	2007	Environmental Entomology	36	3	10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[512:IOSTMA]2.0.CO;2	Weeds Research Division, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, P/Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, P/Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; ARC-PPRI, P/Bag X134, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa	Simelane, D.O., Weeds Research Division, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, P/Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, P/Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa, ARC-PPRI, P/Bag X134, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa	Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the influence of soil texture, moisture and surface cracks on adult preference and survival of the root-feeding flea beetle, Longitarsus bethae Savini and Escalona (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a natural enemy of the weed, Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Adult feeding, oviposition preference, and survival of the immature stages of L. bethae were examined at four soil textures (clayey, silty loam, sandy loam, and sandy soil), three soil moisture levels (low, moderate, and high), and two soil surface conditions (with or without surface cracks). Both soil texture and moisture had no influence on leaf feeding and colonization by adult L. bethae. Soil texture had a significant influence on oviposition, with adults preferring to lay on clayey and sandy soils to silty or sandy loam soils. However, survival to adulthood was significantly higher in clayey soils than in other soil textures. There was a tendency for females to deposit more eggs at greater depth in both clayey and sandy soils than in other soil textures. Although oviposition preference and depth of oviposition were not influenced by soil moisture, survival in moderately moist soils was significantly higher than in other moisture levels. Development of immature stages in high soil moisture levels was significantly slower than in other soil moisture levels. There were no variations in the body size of beetles that emerged from different soil textures and moisture levels. Females laid almost three times more eggs on cracked than on noncracked soils. It is predicted that clayey and moderately moist soils will favor the survival of L. bethae, and under these conditions, damage to the roots is likely to be high. This information will aid in the selection of suitable release sites where L. bethae would be most likely to become established. © 2007 Entomological Society of America.	Biological control; Lantana camara; Longitarsus bethae; Performance; Soil factors	water; beetle; biocontrol agent; clay soil; colonization; food preference; natural enemy; oviposition; sandy loam; sandy soil; silty loam; soil cracking; soil moisture; soil texture; survival; weed control; animal; article; beetle; biological pest control; egg laying; female; growth, development and aging; Lantana; physiology; soil; Animals; Beetles; Female; Lantana; Oviposition; Pest Control, Biological; Soil; Water; Alticini; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Lantana; Lantana camara; Longitarsus; Siphonaptera (fleas); Verbenaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930508945	Evaluation of geochemical characteristics and health effects of some geophagic clays southern Nigeria	Olatunji A.S., Olajide-Kayode J.O., Abimbola A.F.	2014	Environmental Geochemistry and Health	36	6	10.1007/s10653-014-9619-2	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olatunji, A.S., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olajide-Kayode, J.O., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Abimbola, A.F., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The geochemical characteristics of geophagic clays from Calabar and Okon-Eket, southern Nigeria were evaluated to determine their quality and the possible health effects of their consumption. The study involved the measurement of the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the slurried clay samples soaked in distilled water for 48 h using digital multi-parameters probe as well as the elemental and mineralogical analyses of twenty geophagic clay samples for elemental and mineralogical constituents using both the ICP-MS and XRD, respectively. Medical data were also mined from medical facilities within the area in addition to the administering of questionnaire to adults involved in the geophagic practices in order to determine their justification for the practice as well as their and clay preferences. Results of physicochemical measurement revealed that the pH range of the samples ranges from 3.9 to 6.9 and 6.5 to 7.0; EC 0.3–377.7 and 0.12–82.38 µS/cm; TDS 1.98–2,432.65 and 0.08–52.95 mg/L for consumed and non-consumed clay, respectively. The elemental analyses revealed that the concentration of some potential harmful elements, PHEs, exceeded the recommended dietary intake by humans. This is especially true for Cu (9.1–23 ppm), Pb (16.7–55.6 ppm), Zn (13–148 ppm), Ni (11.1–46.4 ppm), Co (1.8–21.7 ppm), Mn (16–338 ppm), As (BDL-15 ppm) and Cd (BDL-0.2 ppm). The predominant phases established in the clay samples are quartz and kaolinite, while the minor minerals were montmorillonite and muscovite in all the clay samples. Respondents revealed that capacity for relief from gastrointestinal problems believes in the curative power to cure skin infections and cultural reasons as main justification for the geophagic practices. This is, however, not in conformity with information gleaned from the medical records which still indicated that the prevalent diseases in the area still include gastrointestinal problems in addition to malaria, hypertension and cardiac failure with minor cases of respiratory tract infections. The high concentrations of the PHEs may be responsible for or contribute in part to the prevalence of hypertension, cardiac failures and gastrointestinal problems within the study areas. Though the kaolinite present in the geophagic clays makes them suitable for use as traditional antacids; however, the toxic trace element concentrations and significant quartz content will most likely mask the beneficial effects of such kaolinite. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Geochemical evaluation; Geophagic; Kaolinite; Montmorillonite; PHEs	aluminum silicate; clay; pollutant; soil; adult; analysis; chemistry; environmental monitoring; human; mass spectrometry; Nigeria; pica; pollutant; sediment; soil; X ray diffraction; Adult; Aluminum Silicates; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Geologic Sediments; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nigeria; Pica; Soil; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448940830	Environmental impact assessment of risk associated with groundwater overdraft remediation in cone of depression, Jining, China	Ong'or B.T.I., Shu L.-C., Liu P.-G.	2007	Environmental Geology	53	4	10.1007/s00254-007-0687-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Shu, L.-C., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.-G., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	In this paper, a simple scenario and probabilistic approach is used to assess the potential groundwater risk due to proposed overdraft remedial actions in cone of depression, Jining City, China. Focusing on the concentrations of Chloride ions (Cl -) and total hardness (TH), the impact of artificial recharge and reduced pumping on groundwater quality and quantity is analysed by using the three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow and transport model, Visual MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater flow and transport within the study area based on scenarios, and utilizes SURFER software to map risk levels. Although 5, 10 or 15% reduced pumping with artificial recharge leads to more decrease in Cl - and TH concentrations than the 25%, less volume increase is achieved for the remediation of land subsidence and other environmental problems in the cone of depression. The Cl - concentrations in recovered groundwater are within the desired concentration of 200 mg/l; however, TH in some cases are above the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg/l, with an exceedence probability of about 0.67 for recharge and recharge with reduced pumping at 25%. The presence of fractures and hydrogeological complexity greatly determines impacts of remediation, and the 22% reduced pumping with artificial recharge offers an optimum strategy for overdraft remediation in the Jining cone of depression. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Artificial recharge; Groundwater quality and quantity; Jining China; Reduced pumping; Risk assessments; Visual MODFLOW	Chlorine compounds; Environmental impact; Hydrogeology; Probabilistic logics; Remediation; Risk assessment; Three dimensional; Chloride ions; Overdraft remedial actions; Three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow; Transport model; Groundwater; chloride; degradation; environmental impact assessment; groundwater flow; hardness; recharge; remediation; risk assessment; three-dimensional flow; water quality; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846580904	Groundwater overdraft vulnerability and environmental impact assessment in Arusha	Ong'or B.T.I., Long-Cang S.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	7	10.1007/s00254-006-0408-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Long-Cang, S., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	A simple approach is proposed for identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater overdraft. The methodology utilizes GIS techniques to analyze and evaluate controlling factors in areas with little data. The proposed methodology was applied in Arusha. Water demand in Arusha Municipality and its environs has increased to about 5.3% annually since 1999. Groundwater levels have declined. The aquifer hydrogeological variables were evaluated for impact to potential groundwater overdraft by overlay and index techniques. The spatial distribution of overdraft vulnerability was discussed. The northwestern part of Arusha is the most vulnerable to overdraft and possible serious environmental impacts. The Loruvani area has the most potential for aquifer development due to its permeability, high recharge rate, massive aquifer thickness and low drawdown. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Arusha; Environmental impacts; Geographic information system; Groundwater overdraft; Groundwater spatial and temporal vulnerability; Hydrogeological; Qualitative hydrogeology; Tanzania	Aquifers; Environmental impact; Geographical regions; Hydrogeology; Municipal engineering; Water supply; Groundwater levels; Groundwater overdraft; Hydrogeological variables; Qualitative hydrogeology; Groundwater; aquifer characterization; environmental impact assessment; GIS; groundwater; hydrogeology; index method; methodology; spatial distribution; vulnerability; water demand; water level; Africa; Arusha [Arusha (RGA)]; Arusha [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38749131266	Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater in the lower Offin basin, Ghana	Kortatsi B.K., Tay C.K., Anornu G., Hayford E., Dartey G.A.	2008	Environmental Geology	53	8	10.1007/s00254-007-0772-0	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Kortatsi, B.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Tay, C.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Anornu, G., Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hayford, E., Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Dartey, G.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana	Alumino-silicate mineral dissolution, cation exchange, reductive dissolution of hematite and goethite, oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite are processes that influence groundwater quality in the Offin Basin. The main aim of this study was to characterise groundwater and delineate relevant water-rock interactions that control the evolution of water quality in Offin Basin, a major gold mining area in Ghana. Boreholes, dug wells, springs and mine drainage samples were analysed for major ions, minor and trace elements. Major ion study results show that the groundwater is, principally, Ca-Mg-HCO 3 or Na-Mg-Ca-HCO 3 in character, mildly acidic and low in conductivity. Groundwater acidification is principally due to natural biogeochemical processes. Though acidic, the groundwater has positive acid neutralising potential provided by the dissolution of alumino-silicates and mafic rocks. Trace elements' loading (except arsenic and iron) of groundwater is generally low. Reductive dissolution of iron minerals in the presence of organic matter is responsible for high-iron concentration in areas underlain by granitoids. Elsewhere pyrite and arsenopyrite oxidation is the plausible process for iron and arsenic mobilisation. Approximately 19 and 46% of the boreholes have arsenic and iron concentrations exceeding the WHO's (Guidelines for drinking water quality. Final task group meeting. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004) maximum acceptable limits of 10 μg l -1 and 0.3 mg l -1, for drinking water. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Cation exchange; Ghana; Offin basin; Oxidation; Pyrite and arsenopyrite; Silicate weathering	Biogeochemistry; Catchments; Hydraulic conductivity; Oxidation; Silicate minerals; Arsenopyrite; Cation exchange; Ghana; Groundwater acidification; Hydrogeochemical evaluation; Offin basin; Groundwater; acidification; aluminosilicate; concentration (composition); dissolution; gold mine; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; iron; oxidation; water quality; Africa; Ghana; Offin Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847337381	Impact of water overexploitation on highland lakes of eastern Ethiopia	Alemayehu T., Furi W., Legesse D.	2007	Environmental Geology	52	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0468-x	Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alemayehu, T., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Furi, W., Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, D., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The eastern Ethiopian highland is endowed with large potential of water resources in terms of rainfall, groundwater and surface water. Yet, due to overpumping of lake water and groundwater and environmental degradation, Lakes Haromaya and Adele have completely dried up. The environmental degradation, due to deforestation and clearing of land for farming, has increased the rate of siltation in the lakes that dramatically decreases the lakes' volume and surface albedo, which increased the rate of evaporation. The impact of these factors is aggravated due to decreasing net recharge to the lake and the alluvial aquifer. Over the last 35 years, pumping of lake water for irrigation, mainly for subsistence farming, domestic and industrial use shows an increasing trend. Hence, the available water for drinking and industrial purposes decreased drastically. In this research, classical Penman aerodynamic combined energy budget, Penman nomogram methods, conventional soil moisture water balance method and Penman-Monteith model were adopted to estimate free evaporation, actual and potential evapotranspirations. The results indicate that evaporation is the dominant factor for the loss of water and water abstraction is 316% higher than the effective precipitation, which is 110 mm/year. Therefore, overexploitation of the available resources has played an aggravating role for the loss of the lakes in the area. The main cause for such resource depletion is the lack of integrated water resources management strategies. The current water shortage in the area has mainly affected urban residents of Harar, Awoday and Alemaya towns and the surrounding villages, which depend heavily on the two lakes. To alleviate the current crises interbasin water transfer and rainwater harvesting would be possible alternatives besides ameliorating environmental situation of the basin. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Evaporation; Groundwater; Surface water; Water resources	Deforestation; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface waters; Weathering; Lake water; Water resources management; Groundwater; deforestation; environmental degradation; environmental impact; evaporation; evapotranspiration; exploitation; groundwater abstraction; numerical model; Penman-Monteith equation; resource depletion; soil moisture; water budget; water resource; Deforestation; Ground Water; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface Water; Weathering; Africa; Alemaya; Awoday; East Africa; Ethiopia; Harar; Lake Adele; Lake Haromaya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748688828	Preliminary evaluation of hydrochemistry of the Kalambaina Formation, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria	Alagbe S.A.	2006	Environmental Geology	51	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0302-5	Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Alagbe, S.A., Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Hydrochemical investigations in the Kalambaina Formation have been initiated to determine potability and suitability of the shallow groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. This limestone formation is an extensive aquifer supplying water to livestock and domestic wells in its outcrop areas. The aquifer is recharged by rainfall and discharges mainly into the Sokoto-Rima River system and lakes at Kware, Gwadabawa and Kalmalo in Nigeria. Because recharge to the aquifer is mainly from rainfall, the quality of the groundwater is controlled essentially by chemical processes in the vadose zone and locally by human activities. Water samples were taken at 11 sites comprising boreholes, dug wells and a spring and were chemically analysed for their major ion components. Hydrochemical results show water of fairly good quality. It is, however, hard and generally of moderate dissolved solids content. Concentration of the total dissolved solids is between 130 and 2,340 mg/l. Concentrations of ions vary widely but a high concentration of K+ is found in places. NO 3- is on the higher side of the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating pollution in such areas. Groundwater chemistry is predominantly of two facies, namely the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate and calcium-magnesium-sulphate-chloride facies. These facies probably evolved primarily as a result of dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates as well as some human/land-use activities. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Limestone aquifer; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin	Aquifers; Groundwater; Land use; Rain; Water quality; Water supply; Groundwater chemistry; Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Sokoto Basin, Nigeria; Limestone; groundwater; hydrochemistry; limestone; recharge; shallow water; vadose zone; World Health Organization; Africa; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846091132	Impact of tailings from the Kilembe copper mining district on Lake George, Uganda	Owor M., Hartwig T., Muwanga A., Zachmann D., Pohl W.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	6	10.1007/s00254-006-0398-7	Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany	Owor, M., Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Hartwig, T., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany; Muwanga, A., Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Zachmann, D., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany; Pohl, W., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany	The abandoned Kilembe copper mine in western Uganda is a source of contaminants, mobilised from mine tailings into R. Rukoki flowing through a belt of wetlands into Lake George. Water and sediments were investigated on the lakeshore and the lakebed. Metal associations in the sediments reflect the Kilembe sulphide mineralisation. Enrichment of metals was compared between lakebed sediments, both for wet and dry seasons. Total C in a lakebed core shows a general increment, while Cu and Co decrease with depth. The contaminants are predominant (> 65%) in the ≤ 63 μm sediment size range with elevated Cu and Zn (> 28%), while Ni, Pb and Co are low (< 18%) in all the fractions. Sequential extraction of Fe for lakeshore sediment samples reveals low Fe mobility. Relatively higher mobility and biological availability is seen for Co, Cu and S. Heavy metal contents in lake waters are not an immediate risk to the aquatic environment. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Aqueous geochemistry; Copper mining; Heavy metals; Lake George; Uganda	Copper mines; Environmental impact; Impurities; Sediments; Wetlands; Aqueous geochemistry; Copper mining; Lake George; Uganda; Tailings; abandoned mine; copper; enrichment; heavy metal; lacustrine deposit; lake pollution; pollutant source; tailings; Africa; East Africa; East African Lakes; Lake George [Western Province]; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda; Western Province [Uganda]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249158364	Environmental impact assessment using FORM and groundwater system reliability concept: Case study Jining, China	Shu L.C., Liu P.G., Ongor B.T.I.	2008	Environmental Geology	55	3	10.1007/s00254-007-1016-z	State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Shu, L.C., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.G., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ongor, B.T.I., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	In this paper, fist-order reliability method (FORM) is used to evaluate the impacts of uncertainties posed by traditional deterministic models on the environment in Jining, China. Because of groundwater contamination in shallow aquifer, and an increase in water demand, the new wells target the confined aquifer with constant pumping rate of 5,000 m 3/d. Using Theis equation, the groundwater drawdown is analyzed to determine whether the confined aquifer will be contaminated. Although the piezometric level is higher than the phreatic level by 11.0 m, the risk of drawdown is still 19.49% when the pumping rate of 5,000 m 3/d is maintained for 2 years. The deterministic model indicates a drawdown of 8.94 m which is lower than the maximum tolerance drawdown of 11.0 m. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis reveal that the model result is more sensitive to transmissivity than specific yield, while the reliability analysis offers significant information for the decision makers. This approach exposes and minimizes the risk of undesirable consequences such as groundwater contamination. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	China; FORM; Groundwater drawdown; Jining; Reliability analysis; Risk	Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Offshore oil well production; Underground reservoirs; Case studies; Confined aquifers; Deterministic modeling; Ground water systems; Groundwater contamination; Impact Assessment (IA); Pumping rates; Reliability methods; Shallow aquifers; Water demands; Groundwater pollution; aquifer pollution; confined aquifer; environmental impact assessment; hydrological modeling; piezometer; reliability analysis; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis; water demand; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951713262	Within-neighborhood patterns and sources of particle pollution: Mobile monitoring and geographic information system analysis in four communities in Accra, Ghana	Dionisio K.L., Rooney M.S., Arku R.E., Friedman A.B., Hughes A.F., Vallarino J., Agyei-Mensah S., Spengler J.D., Ezzati M.	2010	Environmental Health Perspectives	118	5	10.1289/ehp.0901365	Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Environmental Science Program, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Dionisio, K.L., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Rooney, M.S., Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Arku, R.E., Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus, Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Friedman, A.B., Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Hughes, A.F., Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Vallarino, J., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Agyei-Mensah, S., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Environmental Science Program, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Spengler, J.D., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ezzati, M., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States	Background: Sources of air pollution in developing country cities include transportation and industrial pollution, biomass and coal fuel use, and resuspended dust from unpaved roads. Objectives: Our goal was to understand within-neighborhood spatial variability of particulate matter (PM) in communities of varying socioeconomic status (SES) in Accra, Ghana, and to quantify the effects of nearby sources on local PM concentration. Methods: We conducted 1 week of morning and afternoon mobile and stationary air pollution measurements in four study neighborhoods. PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10) was measured continuously, with matched global positioning system coordinates; detailed data on local sources were collected at periodic stops. The effects of nearby sources on local PM were estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Results: In our measurement campaign, the geometric means of PM2.5 and PM10 along the mobile monitoring path were 21 and 49 μg/m3, respectively, in the neighborhood with highest SES and 39 and 96 μg/m3, respectively, in the neighborhood with lowest SES and highest population density. PM2.5 and PM10 were as high as 200 and 400 μg/m3, respectively, in some segments of the path. After adjusting for other factors, the factors that had the largest effects on local PM pollution were nearby wood and charcoal stoves, congested and heavy traffic, loose dirt road surface, and trash burning. Conclusions: Biomass fuels, transportation, and unpaved roads may be important determinants of local PM variation in Accra neighborhoods. If confirmed by additional or supporting data, the results demonstrate the need for effective and equitable interventions and policies that reduce the impacts of traffic and biomass pollution.	Africa; Biomass; Geographic information system; Particulate matter; Poverty; Spatial; Urbanization	charcoal; air pollution; article; biomass; controlled study; geographic information system; Ghana; global positioning system; particle size; particulate matter; pollution monitoring; population density; priority journal; quantitative analysis; social status; traffic; waste disposal; wood; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Developing Countries; Environmental Monitoring; Geographic Information Systems; Ghana; Humans; Linear Models; Particulate Matter; Social Class; Time Factors; Transportation; Urban Health; Weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901443859	Social Impact Assessment: The lesser sibling in the South African EIA process?	Hildebrandt L., Sandham L.A.	2014	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	48	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.04.003	African Centre for Disaster Studies, Research Focus Area: Social Transformation, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Environmental Assessment Research Group, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Hildebrandt, L., African Centre for Disaster Studies, Research Focus Area: Social Transformation, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Sandham, L.A., Environmental Assessment Research Group, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Social Impact Assessment has developed as an integral but neglected component of EIA in South Africa since it became mandatory in 1997, and has therefore been referred to as the "orphan" or "lesser sibling" of EIA, as has SIA in the UK and the US. The aim of this paper is to test this claim by reviewing the quality of a sample of SIA reports, and also to establish whether there has been any improvement in quality following the introduction of revised EIA regulations in 2006. The results confirm that SIA can be called "the lesser sibling" due to the weak grades achieved in the quality review, but also reveal that there has been a slight and consistent improvement in quality, most likely driven by best practice considerations in the absence of prescriptive regulations for SIA. Suggestions and recommendations for addressing observed weakness in SIA performance are advanced. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Effectiveness; EIA; Lesser sibling; Report quality review; Social impact assessment; South africa	Environmental impact assessments; Planning; Effectiveness; EIA; Lesser sibling; Quality reviews; Social impact assessments; South Africa; Economic and social effects; best management practice; environmental impact assessment; literature review; performance assessment; social change; South Africa; United Kingdom; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937865051	Integrating community perceptions and cultural diversity in social impact assessment in Nigeria	Nzeadibe T.C., Ajaero C.K., Okonkwo E.E., Okpoko P.U., Akukwe T.I., Njoku-Tony R.F.	2015	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	55	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2015.07.005	Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Demography and Population Studies Programme, The University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Depart	Nzeadibe, T.C., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ajaero, C.K., Demography and Population Studies Programme, The University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa; Okonkwo, E.E., Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okpoko, P.U., Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Akukwe, T.I., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Njoku-Tony, R.F., Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act of 1992 aimed to make the environment a central theme in development in Nigeria. Nevertheless, the extent of engagement with local cultures in the Nigerian EIA process is not statutorily guaranteed. While most EIAs in Nigeria have been for oil and gas projects in the Niger Delta, and have focused strongly on the biophysical environment, socio-economic and cultural aspects have remained marginal. The palpable neglect of community perceptions and cultural diversity in social impact assessment (SIA) in this region prone to conflict has tended to alienate the people in the decision-making process. Thus, despite claims to compliance with regulatory requirements for EIAs, and numerous purported sustainable development initiatives by international oil companies (IOCs), the region continues to face multiple sustainability challenges. This paper situates local perceptions and cultural diversity in participatory development and canvasses the integration of community perceptions and cultural diversity into SIA in the Niger Delta region. It is argued that doing this would be critical to ensuring acceptance and success of development actions within the context of local culture while also contributing to sustainable development policy in the region. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Community perceptions; Cultural diversity; Niger Delta; Social impact assessment; Sustainable development	Behavioral research; Decision making; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Planning; Regulatory compliance; Social sciences; Sustainable development; Biophysical environments; Community perceptions; Cultural diversity; Environmental impact assessments (EIA); International oil companies; Niger Delta; Regulatory requirements; Social impact assessments; Economic and social effects; decision making; environmental impact assessment; integrated approach; participatory approach; perception; policy making; social impact assessment; sustainable development; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879762775	Conceptualising the effectiveness of impact assessment processes	Chanchitpricha C., Bond A.	2013	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	43	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.05.006	School of Environmental Health, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Maung District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Unit for Environmental Sciences, Management School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom campus, Internal Box 375, South Africa	Chanchitpricha, C., School of Environmental Health, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Maung District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Unit for Environmental Sciences, Management School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom campus, Internal Box 375, South Africa	This paper aims at conceptualising the effectiveness of impact assessment processes through the development of a literature-based framework of criteria to measure impact assessment effectiveness. Four categories of effectiveness were established: procedural, substantive, transactive and normative, each containing a number of criteria; no studies have previously brought together all four of these categories into such a comprehensive, criteria-based framework and undertaken systematic evaluation of practice. The criteria can be mapped within a cycle/or cycles of evaluation, based on the 'logic model', at the stages of input, process, output and outcome to enable the identification of connections between the criteria across the categories of effectiveness. This framework is considered to have potential application in measuring the effectiveness of many impact assessment processes, including strategic environmental assessment (SEA), environmental impact assessment (EIA), social impact assessment (SIA) and health impact assessment (HIA). © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Impact assessment tools; Logic model; Normative effectiveness; Procedural effectiveness; Substantive effectiveness; Transactive effectiveness	Impact assessment tools; Logic models; Normative effectiveness; Procedural effectiveness; Substantive effectiveness; Transactive effectiveness; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; environmental impact assessment; identification method; numerical model; social change; strategic environmental assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860992210	Walking the sustainability assessment talk - Progressing the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA)	Morrison-Saunders A., Retief F.	2012	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	36	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2012.04.001	School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, South Africa; School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia	Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, South Africa, School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Retief, F., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, South Africa	Internationally there is a growing demand for environmental impact assessment (EIA) to move away from its traditional focus towards delivering more sustainable outcomes. South Africa is an example of a country where the EIA system seems to have embraced the concept of sustainability. In this paper we test the existing objectives for EIA in South Africa against sustainability principles and then critique the effectiveness of EIA practice in delivering these objectives. The outcome of the research suggests that notwithstanding a strong and explicit sustainability mandate through policy and legislation, the effectiveness of EIA practice falls far short of what is mandated. This shows that further legislative reform is not required to improve effectiveness but rather a focus on changing the behaviour of individual professionals. We conclude by inviting further debate on what exactly practitioners can do to give effect to sustainability in EIA practice. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Effectiveness; Environmental impact assessment; Legislation; Sustainability assessment; Sustainable development	Effectiveness; Growing demand; Legislative reforms; South Africa; Sustainability assessment; Sustainability principles; Sustainable outcomes; Environmental impact assessments; Sustainable development; Laws and legislation; environmental impact assessment; environmental legislation; environmental policy; sustainability; sustainable development; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891350049	Impact assessment: Eroding benefits through streamlining?	Bond A., Pope J., Morrison-Saunders A., Retief F., Gunn J.A.E.	2014	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	45	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.12.002	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Integral Sustainability, Australia; Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia; Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Pope, J., Integral Sustainability, Australia, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Retief, F., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Gunn, J.A.E., Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada	This paper argues that Governments have sought to streamline impact assessment in recent years (defined as the last five years) to counter concerns over the costs and potential for delays to economic development. We hypothesise that this has had some adverse consequences on the benefits that subsequently accrue from the assessments. This hypothesis is tested using a framework developed from arguments for the benefits brought by Environmental Impact Assessment made in 1982 in the face of the UK Government opposition to its implementation in a time of economic recession. The particular benefits investigated are 'consistency and fairness', 'early warning', 'environment and development', and 'public involvement'. Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom and Western Australia are the jurisdictions tested using this framework. The conclusions indicate that significant streamlining has been undertaken which has had direct adverse effects on some of the benefits that impact assessment should deliver, particularly in Canada and the UK. The research has not examined whether streamlining has had implications for the effectiveness of impact assessment, but the causal link between streamlining and benefits does sound warning bells that merit further investigation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Consistency and fairness; Cost and benefits; Early warning; Public involvement	Consistency and fairness; Cost and benefits; Early warning; Economic development; Economic Recession; Environment and development; Impact assessments; Public involvement; Planning; Environmental impact assessments; economic conditions; economic impact; economic system; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; Australia; Canada; United Kingdom; Western Australia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748867207	Assessing the performance of SIA in the EIA context: A case study of South Africa	du Pisani J.A., Sandham L.A.	2006	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	26	8	10.1016/j.eiar.2006.07.002	School of Social and Government Studies, North-West University, P.O. Box 19772, Potchefstroom, 2522 Noordbrug, South Africa; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	du Pisani, J.A., School of Social and Government Studies, North-West University, P.O. Box 19772, Potchefstroom, 2522 Noordbrug, South Africa; Sandham, L.A., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This article, a theoretical perspective based on a literature study, is a critical evaluation of SIA as part of the EIA process in South Africa against the background of international guidelines and best practices. It includes sections on the historical background of the development of SIA in South Africa, the legal status and requirements of SIA in the country, and a critical evaluation of SIA regulation in South Africa. The conclusion reached in the article is that the persistent problems of SIA practice, experienced in other parts of the world, are also evident in South Africa. Apart from institutional, financial and professional constraints, there are also serious problems associated with approach and methods. This conclusion confirms the findings of empirical studies that SIA in South Africa is neglected, that the practice of SIA in South Africa is not yet on a sound footing, and that it does not receive the professional attention it deserves in a country beset by enormous social challenges. To conclude the article recommendations are made to improve the level of SIA practice in South Africa, and the possible significance of this national case study for international practice is indicated. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Integrated impact assessment; National legislation; Social Impact Assessment (SIA); South Africa	Economic and social effects; Environmental impact; Finance; Laws and legislation; Professional aspects; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Integrated impact assessment; National legislation; Social Impact Assessment (SIA); South Africa; International law; development level; environmental impact assessment; financial crisis; guideline; historical ecology; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906766043	Framing effectiveness in impact assessment: Discourse accommodation in controversial infrastructure development	Rozema J.G., Bond A.J.	2015	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	50	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.001	Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	Rozema, J.G., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; Bond, A.J., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	There is ongoing debate about the effectiveness of impact assessment tools, which matters both because of the threat to future practice of the tools which are frequently perceived to be ineffective, and because of the disillusionment that can ensue, and controversy generated, amongst stakeholders in a decision context where opportunities for meaningful debate have not been provided. In this article we regard debate about the meaning of effectiveness in impact assessment as an inevitable consequence of increased participation in environmental decision-making, and therefore frame effectiveness based on an inclusive democracy role to mean the extent to which impact assessment can accommodate civil society discourse. Our aim is to investigate effectiveness based on this framing by looking at one type of impact assessment - environmental impact assessment (EIA) - in two controversial project proposals: the HS2 rail network in England; and the A4DS motorway in the Netherlands. Documentary analysis and interviews held with key civil society stakeholders have been deployed to identify discourses that were mobilised in the cases. EIA was found to be able to accommodate only one out of four discourses that were identified; for the other three it did not provide the space for the arguments that characterised opposition. The conclusion in relation to debate on framings of effectiveness is that EIA will not be considered effective by the majority of stakeholders. EIA was established to support decision-making through a better understanding of impacts, so its ineffectiveness is unsurprising when its role is perceived to be broader. However, there remains a need to map discourses in different decision contexts and to analyse the extent to which the range of discourses are accommodated throughout the decision process, and the role of impact assessment in those processes, before recommendations can be made to either improve impact assessment effectiveness, or whether it is simply perceptions of effectiveness that need to be improved. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; Environmental impact assessment; HS2; Infrastructure development	Decision making; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; HS2; Infrastructure development; Public policy; Environmental impact assessments; decision making; environmental impact assessment; motorway; railway transport; stakeholder; civil society; environmental assessment; farming system; infrastructural development; participatory approach; England; Netherlands; United Kingdom	None
WoS	WOS:000318962000001	Advancing the theory and practice of impact assessment: Setting the research agenda	Bond, Alan,Morrison-Saunders, Angus,Pope, Jenny,Retief, Francois	2013	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW	41	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.01.008	Curtin University, Murdoch University, North West University - South Africa, University of East Anglia, Integral Sustainabil	"Retief, Francois: North West University - South Africa",	Impact assessment has been in place for over 40 years and is now practised in some form in all but two of the world's nations. In this paper we reflect on the state of the art of impact assessment theory and practice, focusing on six well-established forms: EIA, SEA, policy assessment, SIA, HIA and sustainability assessment. We note that although the fundamentals of impact assessment have their roots in the US National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (NEPA) each branch of the field is distinct in also drawing on other theoretical and conceptual bases that in turn shape the prevailing discourse in each case, generating increasing degrees of specialisation within each sub-field. Against this backdrop, we consider the strengths and weaknesses of collective impact assessment practice, concluding that although there are substantial strengths, the plethora of specialist branches is generating a somewhat confusing picture and lack of clarity regarding how the pieces of the impact assessment jigsaw puzzle fit together. We use this review to suggest an overarching research agenda that will enable impact assessment to evolve in line with changing expectations for what it should deliver. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	EIA,"IMPACT ASSESSMENT",RESEARCH,"STATE OF THE ART","ASSESSMENT SEA PRACTICE",EIA,MANAGEMENT,PARTICIPATION,PERSPECTIVES,POLICY-MAKING,REFLECTIONS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT","SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000243641700005	A performance evaluation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) processes within the South African context	Retief, Francois	2007	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW	27	1	10.1016/j.eiar.2006.08.002	North West University - South Africa	None	SEA has been described as being more about process than about product. Yet very little research has been conducted to gain a better understanding of how SEA processes perform within developing country contexts. To address this gap in knowledge the research underlying this paper aimed to evaluate the quality of SEA processes within the South African context against specifically designed key performance indicators. Comparison of the different data patterns revealed general SEA process features as well as three broad models, namely the 'stand alone', 'central to decision making' and 'integrated' models. The research results suggest a particularly poor performance in terms of process quality for the SEA case studies investigated. Moreover, it shows that there is no one understanding of SEA process within the South African context. The main limitations related to a weak understanding of the decision making processes SEA aimed to inform, as well as an inability to incorporate flexibility into process design. To take the debate forward it is proposed that SEA follow-up and effectiveness research be explored to determine which of these models (if any) ultimately contributed to influencing decision making and promote sustainability. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"key performance indicators","PERFORMANCE EVALUATION","process quality","STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17844394974	Evaluation of microbial communities colonizing stone ballasts at diesel depots	Maila M.P., Cloete T.E.	2005	Environmentalist	24	3	10.1007/s10669-005-6053-0	Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Maila, M.P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Cloete, T.E., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, we evaluated the heterotrophic microbial communities colonising stone ballasts at diesel depots. The number of bacteria (both total culturable heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria) was proportional to the level of hydrocarbon contamination. However, there was no significant difference in the level of total culturable heterotrophs (TCHs) and the hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Addition of nutrients to the ballast stimulated the biological activity and possibly the removal of hydrocarbons. However, this was only evident in the highly contaminated stone ballasts samples. The biological activity was evaluated using CO2 production. The production of CO2 was higher in nutrient amended treatments in which high numbers of TCHs were present. Characterisation of heterotrophic communities using Biolog revealed differences in the microbial metabolic profiles for the different sites. The results suggest that the heterotrophic microbial communities at different diesel depots are different. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	Diesel depots; Heterotrophic microbial communities; Hydrocarbons; Stone ballasts; Total culturable heterotrophs (TCHs)	ballast water; bioactivity; hydrocarbon; microbial community; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51049098708	Metal contamination of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River and environmental impact due to Utapete gas flare station, Nigeria	Benson N.U., Etesin U.M.	2008	Environmentalist	28	3	10.1007/s10669-007-9127-3	Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Analytical Laboratory, Aluminium Smelter Company of Nigeria, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria	Benson, N.U., Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Etesin, U.M., Analytical Laboratory, Aluminium Smelter Company of Nigeria, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria	Inter-seasonal studies on the trace metal load of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River were conducted between 2003 and 2004. The impact of anthropogenic activities especially industrial effluent, petroleum related wastes, gas flare and episodic oil spills on the ecosystem are remarkable. Trace metals analyzed included cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). Sediment particle size analysis revealed that they were characteristically psammitic and were predominantly of medium to fine grained sand (&gt;73%), less of silt (&lt;15%) and clay (&lt;10%). These results correlated with low levels of trace elements such as Pb (0.03 ± 0.02 mg kg -1), Cr (0.22 ± 0.12 mg kg -1), Cd (0.05 ± 0.03 mg kg -1), Cu (0.04 ± 0.02 mg kg -1) and Mn (0.23 ± 0.22 mg kg -1) in the sediment samples. This observation is consistent with the scarcity of clayey materials known to be good scavengers for metallic and organic contaminants. Sediments indicated enhanced concentration of Fe, Ni and V, while other metal levels were relatively low. The concentrations of all the metals except Pb in surface water were within the permissible levels, suggesting that the petroleum contaminants had minimal effect on the state of pollution by trace metals in Iko River. Notably, the pollutant concentrations in the sediments were markedly higher than the corresponding concentrations in surface water and T. fuscatus tissues, and decreased with distance from point sources of pollution. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Coastal environment; Nigeria; Sediment; Trace metals; Water pollution	concentration (composition); environmental impact; human activity; industrial waste; organic pollutant; petroleum; river pollution; sediment pollution; surface water; trace metal; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Tympanotonus fuscatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650246691	Climate change impact on the density of Faidherbia albida on smallholder farms in the degraded lands of Kano, northern Nigeria	Yakubu I.	2010	Environmentalist	30	4	10.1007/s10669-010-9279-4	Department of Geography, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria	Yakubu, I., Department of Geography, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria	Nigeria's vegetation in general and some important tree species in particular are under increasing threats from several factors. Worsening climate and environmental conditions, enhanced by a huge population pressure on limited resources, are some of the dominant issues of discourse among scientists. This study investigated the density of Faidherbia albida, a nitrogen-fixing tree, that has been an important component of the farming systems of the smallholder farms in the degraded lands of Kano, Nigeria. Results indicate a 55% decrease in the density of the tree in the study area. The overall diversity of trees on the smallholder farms has also declined by 38%. The study concludes that while climate change may be a catalyst, woodfuel extraction and disease are the immediate factors for the decline of F. indica in the area. It recommends (1) the inclusion of this species in the list of endangered species for deliberate regeneration and protection by all stakeholders (2) an extended study that could lead to determining the specific role of climate change on the density of the tree in the study area. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Climate change; Faidherbia albida; Nitrogen fixing; Smallholder	catalyst; climate change; dicotyledon; fuelwood; land degradation; nitrogen fixation; population decline; population density; smallholder; Kano [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Faidherbia albida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350075389	Evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and the protective capacity in some oil producing communities of western Niger Delta	Atakpo E.A., Ayolabi E.A.	2009	Environmentalist	29	3	10.1007/s10669-008-9191-3	Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Atakpo, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria; Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Oil spills have become a major environmental hazard constituting serious social problems in Nigeria, especially in the oil producing communities. The spills contaminate the aquifer if the subsurface layers are not protected. Geoelectric technique of geophysical investigation has been used to evaluate the protective capacity of six oil producing communities: Oleh, Olomoro, Uzere, Afiesere, Ekakpamre and Uvwiamuge in the western Niger Delta. A total of 139 vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode configuration were occupied in these communities. The longitudinal conductance maps delineated areas with poor (<0.1 mho), weak (0.1-0.19 mho), moderate (0.2-0.69 mho) and good protective capacity (0.7-4.9 mho). The study has shown that the protective capacity of most parts of the communities studied is poor with Uvwiamuge and Ekakpamre communities not protected hence the aquifer in these oil producing communities are vulnerable to contamination by hydrocarbon in the event of pollution. Hence proper environmental protection measures have been suggested to safeguard the aquifer from pollution by hydrocarbon in the event of spillage. © The Author(s) 2008.	Longitudinal conductance contamination; Protective capacity	aquifer pollution; environmental protection; geoelectric field; geophysical method; hydrocarbon reserve; oil production; oil spill; Africa; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949130986	Genotype x environment interactions: Survival performance of six internationally sourced provenances of Azadirachta indica A. Juss in a degraded land in Kano, Nigeria	Yakubu I.	2008	Environmentalist	28	4	10.1007/s10669-007-9150-4	Geography Department, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria	Yakubu, I., Geography Department, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria	In order to prevent 'an impending neem failure', from the incidence of the twin problems of the neem scale insect infestations and neem dieback, six authenticated provenances (Allahabad, Karnataka, Jodphur, Madinipur, Mukkambu and Annur), from the natural range of the species in India, were collected and appraised for survival in a degraded land in Kano, Nigeria. Established in a completely randomised block design with four replications, the trial was conducted with a view to restrengthening and/or replacing the already weakened Local Land Race of the species in the study area. There was a statistically significant difference in the survival of the seven provenances. The established differences are between Allahabad 83% (6.40 SEM), Mukkambu 83% (6.40 SEM), Annur 76% (4.90 SEM), Jodphur 63% (15.09 SEM) and Madinipur 56% (6.73 SEM), on the one hand, and Karnataka 17% (1.91SEM) and the Local Land Race, with 13% (0.13 SEM), on the other hand. The research recommends Allahabad and Mukkambu 83% (6.40 SEM) based on this outstanding performance. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Azadirachta indica; Genotype; Kano; Land race; Provenance	dicotyledon; genotype-environment interaction; land degradation; performance assessment; pest outbreak; provenance; restoration ecology; survival; Africa; Asia; Eurasia; India; Kano [Nigeria]; Nigeria; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Azadirachta indica; Hemiptera; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31744431924	Evaluation of the efficiency of various commercial products for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil	Claassens S., Van Rensburg L., Riedel K.J., Bezuidenhout J.J., Van Rensburg P.J.J.	2006	Environmentalist	26	1	10.1007/s10669-006-5358-y	School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Claassens, S., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Van Rensburg, L., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Riedel, K.J., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, J.J., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Van Rensburg, P.J.J., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Bioremediation has become an important method for the treatment of terrestrial oil spills and is often favoured over strictly physical-chemical methods. In this study, enzymatic analyses and signature lipid biomarkers were employed to evaluate the efficacy of selected bioremediation products on control and oil contaminated soil plots. It is envisioned that these biological indicators may be used as possible adjuncts to the strictly physical-chemical criteria most commonly employed. The application of the enzymatic and signature biomarker methods for product evaluation proved successful. The enzymatic assays provided a valuable insight into shifts in the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities resultant from the various treatments. Stimulation or inhibition of the microbial communities as a result of the various treatments was also demonstrated, particularly with regards to dehydrogenase activity. Phospholipid fatty acid profiles proved sufficiently sensitive to allow differentiation between products and resultant microbial communities that corresponded to satisfactory and unsatisfactory petroleum hydrocarbon removal. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	Bioremediation; Enzymatic activity; Hydrocarbon; PLFA; Soil	bioremediation; hydrocarbon; soil pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871339333	Factors affecting the impact of off-road driving on soils in an area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa	Nortjé G.P., Van Hoven W., Laker M.C.	2012	Environmental Management	50	6	10.1007/s00267-012-9954-y	Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Nortjé, G.P., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Van Hoven, W., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Laker, M.C., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Studies on the effects of off-road driving on soils were conducted in the Makuleke Contractual Park of the Kruger National Park. The studies were conducted on three different soils with different textures and soil compactibilities. Traffic pressure was applied with a game drive vehicle loaded with 11 sand bags, each weighing 70 kg. This gave a total vehicle mass of 3,795 kg, simulating a vehicle fully laden with tourists. The study included: (i) comparing of the effects of four different tyre pressures; (ii) comparing the effects of 1-3 vehicle passes over the same tyre tracks; (iii) comparison of traffic effects under dry and wet soil moisture conditions, on soil compaction, respectively. After each pass penetration resistances were measured (a) on the tyre tracks, (b) between the tyre tracks and (c) at different distances outside the tyre tracks. As expected, vehicular traffic caused soil compaction below the wheel tracks. Lower tyre pressures caused less compaction than higher tyre pressures. Fewer vehicle passes also caused less compaction than more passes on the same tracks, but most compaction occurred during the first pass. Thus, driving on the same tracks more than once is less damaging than driving once on different tracks. Controlled traffic should be considered when developing management strategies for off-road driving in wildlife protected areas. © The Author(s) 2012.	Off-road driving; Penetration resistance; Soil compaction; Tyre pressure; Vehicle passes; Vehicular traffic	Controlled traffic; Dry and wet; Management strategies; Moisture conditions; National parks; Off-road driving; Penetration resistances; Protected areas; Soil compaction; South Africa; Traffic effect; Traffic pressure; Tyre pressure; Vehicle mass; Wheel track; Airport vehicular traffic; Compaction; Conservation; Roads and streets; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Vehicles; Tires; compaction; environmental impact; human activity; pressure effect; protected area; road transport; soil moisture; soil texture; strategic approach; tire; wildlife management; article; environmental factor; environmental impact; motor vehicle; national park; off road driving; pressure; soil; soil compaction; soil moisture; South Africa; traffic; Automobile Driving; Recreation; Soil; South Africa; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940960972	Population Growth and Its Impact on the Design Capacity and Performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sedibeng and Soshanguve, South Africa	Teklehaimanot G.Z., Kamika I., Coetzee M.A.A., Momba M.N.B.	2015	Environmental Management	56	4	10.1007/s00267-015-0564-3	Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	Teklehaimanot, G.Z., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Kamika, I., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, M.A.A., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Momba, M.N.B., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	This study investigated the effects of population growth on the performance of the targeted wastewater treatment plants in Sedibeng District and Soshanguve peri-urban area, South Africa. The impact of population growth was assessed in terms of plant design, operational capacity (flow rate) and other treatment process constraints. Between 2001 and 2007, the number of households connected to the public sewerage service increased by 15.5, 17.2 and 37.8 % in Emfuleni, Lesedi and Midvaal Local Municipalities, respectively. Soshanguve revealed a 50 % increment in the number of households connected to the sewerage system between 1996 and 2001. Except for Sandspruit (−393.8 %), the rate of influent flows received by Meyerton increased by 6.8 ML/day (67.8 %) and 4.7 ML/day (46.8 %) during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The flow rate appeared to increase during the wet season by 6.8 ML/day (19.1 %) in Leeuwkuil and during the dry season by 0.8 ML/day (3.9 %) in Rietgat. Underperformance of the existing wastewater treatment plants suggests that the rapid population growth in urban and peri-urban areas (hydraulic overloading of the wastewater treatment plants) and operational constraints (overflow rate, retention time, oxygen supply capacity of the plants and chlorine contact time) resulted in the production of poor quality effluents in both selected areas. This investigation showed that the inefficiency of Meyerton Wastewater Treatment Plant was attributed to the population growth (higher volumes of wastewater generated) and operational constraints, while the cause of underperformance in the other three treatment plants was clearly technical (operational). © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Nitrification; Population growth; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution	Chemicals removal (water treatment); Effluents; Flow rate; Nitrification; Oxygen supply; Population statistics; Reclamation; Sewage pumping plants; Sewers; Toxicity; Urban growth; Water pollution; Water treatment; Water treatment plants; Dry and wet seasons; Operational capacity; Operational constraints; Population growth; Rapid population growth; Sewerage services; Treatment process; Wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater treatment; chlorine; nitrate; phosphate; phosphorus; storm water; absorption; activated sludge; aeration; aquatic environment; Article; bacterial growth; chemical oxygen demand; chlorination; climate; concentration (parameters); controlled study; denitrification; disinfection; environmental sanitation; Escherichia coli; flow rate; health hazard; household; human; nitrification; nonhuman; oxidation; oxygenation; population growth; population size; public health; seasonal variation; sedimentation rate; sewage effluent; South Africa; suspended particulate matter; waste water management; waste water treatment plant; water pollution	87310, NRF, National Research Foundation of Korea
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934441126	Displacement, Deprivation and Development: The Impact of Relocation on Income and Livelihood of Tribes in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve, India	Mahapatra A.K., Tewari D.D., Baboo B.	2015	Environmental Management	56	2	10.1007/s00267-015-0507-z	Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, South Africa	Mahapatra, A.K., Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India; Tewari, D.D., University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, South Africa; Baboo, B., Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India	A large volume of literature describes adverse consequences of conservation-induced displacement on indigenous communities depended on natural resources of wildlife habitat. Resettlement policies in protected areas the world over are mainly designed and implemented without consideration of social and economic costs of exclusion. This study examined income and poverty profile of tribal residents in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve in India, relative to the households relocated out of the reserve. The income from different sources and livelihood diversification of displaced reserve dwellers reflected changes resulting from the loss of access to natural and household assets. The results contradicted common perception about impoverishment outcome of relocation. It showed an increase in the per capita income for poorer segments with an overall 8 % increase in absolute household income and corresponding improvement in the poverty ratio (head count ratio) and FGT index (0.241) for the relocated community. Contrary to other studies, the finding did not observe social alignment or marginalization; however, on-farm livelihood diversification reduced with increased dependence on off-farm sources. Expulsion of people from forest reserves to support conservation is inadequate in restricting habitat use of locals unless suitable alternative livelihood options are available for forest dependent was proven from the study. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Forest income; Household economy; Park dwellers; Resettlement	Biospherics; Ecosystems; Forestry; Alternative livelihoods; Biosphere reserve; Forest income; Household economy; Indigenous community; Per capita income; Resettlement; Wildlife habitats; Conservation; adult; cost; demography; economics; ecosystem; environmental protection; family size; forest; human; income; India; population group; procedures; rural population; Adult; Conservation of Natural Resources; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ecosystem; Family Characteristics; Forests; Humans; Income; India; Population Groups; Residence Characteristics; Rural Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62549135657	Mapping grazing-induced degradation in a semi-arid environment: A rapid and cost effective approach for assessment and monitoring	Thompson M., Vlok J., Rouget M., Hoffman M.T., Balmford A., Cowling R.M.	2009	Environmental Management	43	4	10.1007/s00267-008-9228-x	GeoTerraImage, P.O. Box 295, Persequor TechnoPark, Pretoria 0020, South Africa; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Biodiversity Center, South African National Botanical Institute, Brumeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Thompson, M., GeoTerraImage, P.O. Box 295, Persequor TechnoPark, Pretoria 0020, South Africa; Vlok, J., Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Rouget, M., Biodiversity Center, South African National Botanical Institute, Brumeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balmford, A., Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Cowling, R.M., Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Improved techniques for measuring and monitoring the state of biodiversity are required for reporting on national obligations to international and regional conservation institutions. Measuring the extent of grazing-related degradation in semi-arid ecosystems has proved difficult. Here we present an accurate and cost-effective method for doing this, and apply it in a South African semi-arid region that forms part of a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. We grouped structurally and functionally similar vegetation units, which were expert-mapped at the 1:50,000 scale, into four habitat types, and developed habitat-specific degradation models. We quantified degradation into three categories, using differences between dry and wet season values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the three succulent karoo habitats, and the difference between maximum and mean NDVI values for the subtropical thicket habitat. Field evaluation revealed an accuracy of 86%. Overall, degradation was high: 24% of the study area was modeled as severely degraded, and only 9% as intact. Levels of degradation were highest for bottomland habitats that were most exposed to grazing impacts. In sharp contrast to our methods, a widely used, broad-scale and snapshot assessment of land cover in South Africa was only 33% accurate, and it considerably underestimated the extent of severely degraded habitat in the study area. While our approach requires a multidisciplinary team, and in particular expert knowledge on the characteristics and spatial delimitation of vegetation types, it is repeatable, rapid, and relatively inexpensive. Consequently, it holds great promise for monitoring and evaluation programs in semi-arid ecosystems, in Africa, and beyond. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Land cover; Land degradation; Monitoring; Remote-sensing; Semi-arid ecosystems; South Africa	Cost-effective approaches; Cost-effective methods; Degradation models; Dry and wets; Evaluation programs; Expert knowledge; Field evaluations; Habitat types; Hot spots; Induced degradations; Land cover; Land degradation; Multi-disciplinary teams; Normalized difference vegetation indices; Semi-arid ecosystems; Semi-arid environments; Semi-arid regions; Sharp contrasts; South Africa; Spatial delimitations; Study areas; Vegetation types; Arid regions; Biodiversity; Cost effectiveness; Degradation; Landforms; Monitoring; Ocean habitats; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Ecosystems; biodiversity; cost-benefit analysis; environmental degradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; grazing; mapping method; NDVI; remote sensing; semiarid region; vegetation type; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geography; South Africa; Africa; Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42449110670	The impact of scientific information on ecosystem management: Making sense of the contextual gap between information providers and decision makers	Van Wyk E., Roux D.J., Drackner M., McCool S.F.	2008	Environmental Management	41	5	10.1007/s00267-008-9084-8	Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Society and Conservation, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States	Van Wyk, E., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Roux, D.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Drackner, M., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; McCool, S.F., Department of Society and Conservation, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States	Scientific information is not always effectively incorporated into decision-making processes. This phenomenon seems to hold even when the information is aligned with an articulated need, is generated according to sound scientific procedures, and is packaged with end-user preferences in mind. We propose that contextual or cultural differences contribute significantly to the misalignment in communication between those who generate information and those who seek information for improved management of natural resources. The solution is to cultivate shared understanding, which in turn relies on acknowledgment and sharing of diverse values and attitudes. This constitutes a difficult challenge in a culturally diverse environment. Whereas cultural diversity represents wealth in experiences, knowledge and perspectives it can constrain the potential to develop the shared understandings necessary for effective integration of new information. This article illustrates how a lack of shared understanding among participants engaged in a resource-management process can produce and perpetuate divergent views of the world, to the extent that information and knowledge flows are ineffective and scientific information, even when requested, cannot be used effectively. Four themes were distilled from interviews with management and scientific staff of a natural resource-management agency in South Africa. The themes are used to illustrate how divergent views embedded in different cultures can discourage alignment of effort toward a common purpose. The article then presents a sense-making framework to illustrate the potential for developing shared understandings in a culturally diverse world. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Culture; Ecosystem management; Learning; Scientific information; Shared understanding	Cultural diversity; Ecosystem management; Decision making; Environmental management; Information use; Natural resources; Ecosystems; decision making; ecosystem management; learning; natural resource; participatory approach; perception; public attitude; resource management; traditional knowledge; article; cultural anthropology; decision making; environmental management; South Africa; Comprehension; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cultural Diversity; Decision Making; Ecosystem; Humans; Information Management; Knowledge; Science; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898544390	Impact of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on ghost crabs of sandy beaches with traffic restrictions: A case study of Sodwana Bay, South Africa	Lucrezi S., Saayman M., Van Der Merwe P.	2014	Environmental Management	53	3	10.1007/s00267-013-0223-5	TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Lucrezi, S., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Saayman, M., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, P., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Off-road vehicles (ORVs) are popular in coastal recreation, although they have negative impacts on sandy shores. In South Africa, ORVs are banned from most coastal areas, while some areas are designated for restricted ORV use, providing an opportunity to assess whether ORV traffic restrictions translate into biological returns. In Sodwana Bay, the impact of ORVs on ghost crab populations was investigated. During Easter 2012, ghost crab burrows were counted on beach sections open and closed to traffic. Burrow density in the Impact section was less than a third that of the Reference section, and by the end of the study burrow size in the Impact section was half that of the Reference section. ORV traffic caused a shift in burrow distribution to the Lower beach. However, differences in burrow densities between sections were 14 times smaller than differences obtained at a time when ORV use in Sodwana Bay was not controlled. While confirming the well-established detrimental effects of ORV use on sandy beach ecosystems, results demonstrated that traffic restrictions on beaches measurably minimize impacts to the fauna, thus translating into clear-cut biological returns. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Burrow density; Ghost crabs; Impact; Off-road vehicle (ORV); Sandy beach; Traffic restrictions	Beaches; Coastal zones; Off road vehicles; Coastal area; Ghost crabs; Impact; Sandy beach; Sandy shores; South Africa; Traffic restrictions; Shellfish; article; case study; crab; moisture; motor vehicle; nonhuman; population density; sand; seashore; sediment; shear strength; South Africa; traffic; animal; bay; Brachyura; ecosystem; legislation and jurisprudence; motor vehicle; physiology; population dynamics; recreation; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; swimming; Ocypodidae; Animals; Bathing Beaches; Bays; Brachyura; Ecosystem; Linear Models; Off-Road Motor Vehicles; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Recreation; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000321917200007	Public Hearing or 'Hearing Public'? An Evaluation of the Participation of Local Stakeholders in Environmental Impact Assessment of Ghana's Jubilee Oil Fields	Bawole, Justice Nyigmah	2013	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	52	2	10.1007/s00267-013-0086-9	University of Ghana	None	This article investigates the involvement of local stakeholders in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes of Ghana's first off-shore oil fields (the Jubilee fields). Adopting key informants interviews and documentary reviews, the article argues that the public hearings and the other stakeholder engagement processes were cosmetic and rhetoric with the view to meeting legal requirements rather than a purposeful interest in eliciting inputs from local stakeholders. It further argues that the operators appear to lack the social legitimacy and social license that will make them acceptable in the project communities. A rigorous community engagement along with a commitment to actively involving local stakeholders in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes of the partners may enhance the image of the partners and improve their social legitimacy. Local government agencies should be capacitated to actively engage project organisers; and government must mitigate the impact of the oil projects through well-structured social support programmes.	"ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT",GHANA,"public hearing","public participation","Social legitimacy and license",stakeholder,"APPLIED LINGUISTICS",COMMUNITY,EIA,INDIA,MANAGEMENT,"QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000239722100005	Post-project analysis: The use of a network diagram for environmental evaluation of the Barekese Dam, Kumasi, Ghana	Awuah, Esi,Frempong, Emmanuel,Tetteh, Isaac Kow	2006	ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING &amp; ASSESSMENT	11	3	10.1007/s10666-005-9021-7	Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	None	The paper presents an evaluation of post-project impacts of the Barekese Dam on three riparian communities downstream about 30 years after its construction. A network diagram, which incorporated a mathematical model, was used for impact identification and analysis. The expected environmental impacts, expressed as quantitative weighted impact scores, showed that the dam appeared to have exerted adverse impacts on the environmental quality of the communities. The impacts in the communities, however, increased with relative distances away from the dam and the river suggestive of cumulative impacts transmitted downstream. Strategic measures for improving environmental quality of the communities have been given.	DAM,"environmental evaluation","expected environmental impacts","post-project impacts","riparian communities",IMPACT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646161233	Modelled surface ozone over southern Africa during the Cross Border Air Pollution Impact Assessment Project	Zunckel M., Koosailee A., Yarwood G., Maure G., Venjonoka K., van Tienhoven A.M., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Modelling and Software	21	7	10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.04.004	CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa	Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Koosailee, A., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa, Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa; Yarwood, G., ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Maure, G., Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Venjonoka, K., Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Monitoring of surface ozone over southern Africa has shown that ambient concentrations often exceed a threshold of 40 ppb at which damage to vegetation by ozone could be expected. The Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA) was therefore established to assess the potential impacts of ozone on maize, a staple food crop, in five southern African countries. Measured surface ozone data are scare in the region so it was necessary to complement the monitoring with regional-scale photochemical modelling to achieve the objective. The Pennsylvania State and NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to produce gridded meteorological data for 5 days in each month of the maize growing season, October to April, as input to the photochemical model, CAMx. Gridded anthropogenic emissions from industry, transport and domestic burning and gridded biogenic emissions from soils and vegetation are input to CAMx. The model estimations indicate large areas on the sub-continent where surface ozone concentrations exceed 40 ppb for up to 10 h per day. Maximum concentrations may exceed 80 ppb, particularly in the winter when mean ozone concentrations are higher. The areas where the 40 ppb threshold is exceeded coincide with maize growing areas in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It appears that neither anthropogenic emissions nor biogenic emissions are dominant in the production of surface ozone over southern Africa. Rather the formation of surface ozone over the region is attributed to the combined contribution of precursors from anthropogenic and biogenic origin. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; Botswana; CAMx; CAPIA; Maize; MM5; Mozambique; Photochemical modelling; South Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe	Condition monitoring; Environmental impact; Ozone; Project management; Regional planning; Vegetation; Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; CAMx; Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA); MM5; Photochemical modeling; Air pollution; anthropogenic effect; atmospheric pollution; biogenic emission; maize; Meteosat; ozone; Africa; Botswana; Mozambique; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957682673	Physicochemical quality of an urban municipal wastewater effluent and its impact on the receiving environment	Odjadjare E.E.O., Okoh A.I.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	170	42373	10.1007/s10661-009-1240-y	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Odjadjare, E.E.O., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	The physicochemical qualities of the final effluents of an urban wastewater treatment plant in South Africa were assessed between August 2007 and July 2008 as well as their impact on the receiving watershed. The pH values across all sampling points ranged between 6.8 and 8.3, while the temperature varied from 18°C to 25°C. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the samples was in the range of 29-1,015 μS/cm, and turbidity varied between 2.7 and 35 NTU. Salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 0.36 to 35 psu and 16 to 470 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of the other physicochemical parameters are as follows: chemical oxygen demand (COD, 48-1,180 mg/L); dissolved oxygen (DO, 3.9-6.6 mg/L); nitrate (0.32-6.5 mg NO-{3}^{-} as N/L); nitrite (0.06-2.4 mg NO -{2}^{-} as N/L); and phosphate (0.29-0.54 mg PO -{4}^{3-} as P/L). pH, temperature, EC, turbidity, TDS, DO, and nitrate varied significantly with season and sampling point (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), while salinity varied significantly with sampling point (P<0.01) and COD and nitrite varied significantly with season (P<0.05). Although the treated effluent fell within the recommended water quality standard for pH temperature, TDS, nitrate and nitrite, it fell short of stipulated standards for other parameters. The result generally showed a negative impact of the discharged effluent on the receiving watershed and calls for a regular and consistent monitoring program by the relevant authorities to ensure best practices with regard to treatment and discharge of wastewater into the receiving aquatic milieu in South Africa. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Physicochemical qualities; Receiving watershed; Wastewater effluent	Best-practices; Discharged effluents; Electrical conductivity; Final effluents; Monitoring programs; Municipal wastewaters; Negative impacts; pH value; Physico-chemical quality; Physicochemical parameters; Receiving watershed; Sampling points; South Africa; Total dissolved solids; Treated effluent; Urban wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater effluent; Water quality standard; Chemical oxygen demand; Dissolved oxygen; Effluent treatment; Electric conductivity of solids; Landforms; Salinity measurement; Turbidity; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution; Water quality; Water treatment plants; Watersheds; Effluents; dissolved oxygen; nitrate; nitrite; phosphate; effluent; environmental impact; physicochemical property; urban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water treatment; watershed; aquatic environment; article; chemical oxygen demand; controlled study; electric conductivity; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; pH; physical chemistry; salinity; seasonal variation; sewage effluent; South Africa; standard; total dissolved solids; turbidity; urban area; waste water treatment plant; water quality; water sampling; water temperature; watershed; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Environment; Fresh Water; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrates; Nitrites; Seasons; Temperature; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857373506	The BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories in Africa-a standardized framework for large-scale environmental monitoring	Jürgens N., Schmiedel U., Haarmeyer D.H., Dengler J., Finckh M., Goetze D., Gröngröft A., Hahn K., Koulibaly A., Luther-Mosebach J., Muche G., Oldeland J., Petersen A., Porembski S., Rutherford M.C., Schmidt M., Sinsin B., Strohbach B.J., Thiombiano A., W	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	2	10.1007/s10661-011-1993-y	Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Laboratoire de Production et Amélioration Végétales, U.F.R. Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 150, Daloa 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Department of Research Management and Funding, University of Hamburg, Moorweidenstr. 18, Hamburg 20148, Germany; Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Rhodes Avenue, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 B. P. 526, Cotonou, Benin; National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), P/Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Écologie Végétales, Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 03, Burkina Faso	Jürgens, N., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Schmiedel, U., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Haarmeyer, D.H., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany, Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Dengler, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Finckh, M., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Goetze, D., Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Gröngröft, A., Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Hahn, K., Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Koulibaly, A., Laboratoire de Production et Amélioration Végétales, U.F.R. Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 150, Daloa 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Luther-Mosebach, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany, Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Muche, G., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Oldeland, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Petersen, A., Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany, Department of Research Management and Funding, University of Hamburg, Moorweidenstr. 18, Hamburg 20148, Germany; Porembski, S., Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Rutherford, M.C., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Rhodes Avenue, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schmidt, M., Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany; Sinsin, B., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 B. P. 526, Cotonou, Benin; Strohbach, B.J., National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), P/Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; Thiombiano, A., Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Écologie Végétales, Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 03, Burkina Faso; Wittig, R., Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Zizka, G., Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany	The international, interdisciplinary biodiversity research project BIOTA AFRICA initiated a standardized biodiversity monitoring network along climatic gradients across the African continent. Due to an identified lack of adequate monitoring designs, BIOTA AFRICA developed and implemented the standardized BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories, that meet the following criteria (a) enable long-term monitoring of biodiversity, potential driving factors, and relevant indicators with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, (b) facilitate comparability of data generated within different ecosystems, (c) allow integration of many disciplines, (d) allow spatial up-scaling, and (e) be applicable within a network approach. A BIOTA Observatory encompasses an area of 1 km 2 and is subdivided into 100 1-ha plots. For meeting the needs of sampling of different organism groups, the hectare plot is again subdivided into standardized subplots, whose sizes follow a geometric series. To allow for different sampling intensities but at the same time to characterize the whole square kilometer, the number of hectare plots to be sampled depends on the requirements of the respective discipline. A hierarchical ranking of the hectare plots ensures that all disciplines monitor as many hectare plots jointly as possible. The BIOTA Observatory design assures repeated, multidisciplinary standardized inventories of biodiversity and its environmental drivers, including options for spatial up- and downscaling and different sampling intensities. BIOTA Observatories have been installed along climatic and landscape gradients in Morocco, West Africa, and southern Africa. In regions with varying land use, several BIOTA Observatories are situated close to each other to analyze management effects. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Diversity; Global change; Permanent plot; Sampling scheme; Transect; Vegetation	Diversity; Global change; Permanent plot; Sampling scheme; Transect; Buildings; Forestry; Observatories; Vegetation; Biodiversity; biodiversity; environmental management; environmental monitoring; global change; implementation process; landscape planning; observational method; sampling; spatiotemporal analysis; vegetation; Africa; article; biodiversity; climate; controlled study; ecosystem; environmental management; environmental monitoring; land use; Morocco; organism social group; research; sampling; South Africa; standard; Africa; Animals; Biodiversity; Biota; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Plants; Morocco; Southern Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349100385	Assessment of environmental impact on air quality by cement industry and mitigating measures: A case study	Kabir G., Madugu A.I.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	160	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0660-4	Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria	Kabir, G., Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria; Madugu, A.I., Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria	In this study, environmental impact on air quality was evaluated for a typical Cement Industry in Nigeria. The air pollutants in the atmosphere around the cement plant and neighbouring settlements were determined using appropriate sampling techniques. Atmospheric dust and CO2 were prevalent pollutants during the sampling period; their concentrations were recorded to be in the range of 249-3,745 mg/m3 and 2,440-2,600 mg/m3, respectively. Besides atmospheric dust and CO2, the air pollutants such as NOx, SOx and CO were in trace concentrations, below the safe limits approved by FEPA that are 0.0062-0.093 mg/m 3NOx, 0.026 mg/m3SOx and 114.3 mg/m3 CO, respectively. Some cost-effective mitigating measures were recommended that include the utilisation of readily available and low-cost pozzolans material to produce blended cement, not only could energy efficiency be improved, but carbon dioxide emission could also be minimised during clinker production; and the installation of an advance high-pressure grinding rolls (clinker-roller-press process) to maximise energy efficiency to above what is obtainable from the traditional ball mills and to minimise CO2 emission from the power plant. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Atmosphere; Cement; Emission; Environment; Mitigation; Pollution	Air pollutants; Atmosphere; Atmospheric dust; Blended cement; Carbon dioxide emissions; Clinker production; High-pressure grinding; Mitigating measures; Nigeria; Press process; Sampling period; Sampling technique; Trace concentrations; Air quality; Ball milling; Ball mills; Carbon dioxide; Cement industry; Cement plants; Cements; Dust; Energy efficiency; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Global warming; Pollution; Carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; cement; nitric oxide; sulfur oxide; air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; cement; concentration (composition); dust; energy efficiency; environmental impact assessment; industrial emission; pollution policy; sampling; air pollutant; air quality; air sampling; article; atmosphere; case study; cement industry; controlled study; dust; environmental impact assessment; Nigeria; Air Pollutants; Carbon Dioxide; Construction Materials; Environmental Monitoring; Nigeria; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878345514	Monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination following a pipeline explosion and petroleum product spillage in Ijegun, Lagos Nigeria	Doherty V.F., Otitoloju A.A.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	5	10.1007/s10661-012-2858-8	Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Doherty, V.F., Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria; Otitoloju, A.A., Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	In May 2008, an accidental damage of a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) pipeline occurred in Ijegun area of Lagos, Nigeria, resulting in oil spillage and consequent contamination of the environment. The residual concentration of the total hydrocarbon (THC) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in the groundwater and soil was therefore investigated between March 2009 and July 2010. Results showed elevated THC mean levels in groundwater which were above the World Health Organization maximum admissible value of 0.1 mg/l. THC values as high as 757.97 mg/l in groundwater and 402.52 mg/l in soil were observed in March 2009. Pronounced seasonal variation in the concentration of THC in groundwater and soil samples show that there was significant (P < 0.05) difference in the measured concentration of THC between each season (dry and wet), with the highest being in the dry season and between the years 2009 and 2010. Significant hydrocarbon contamination, 500 m beyond the explosion site and 25 months after the incident, was observed revealing the extent of the spillage of petroleum products. The highest concentrations of 16.65 μg/l (benzene), 2.08 μg/l (toluene), and 4864.79 μg/l (xylene) were found in stations within the 100 m buffer zone. Most of the samples of groundwater taken were above the target value of 0.2 μg/l set for BTEX compounds by the Environmental Guidelines and Standards for Petroleum Industry in Nigeria. The level of hydrocarbon in the impacted area calls for concern and remediation of the area is urgently needed to reduce further negative impact on the ecosystem. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Contamination; Groundwater; Petroleum products; Pipeline; Soil	Benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , and xylenes; Environmental guidelines; Groundwater contamination; Hydrocarbon contamination; Pipeline explosion; Residual concentrations; Total hydrocarbons; World Health Organization; Benzene; Contamination; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum products; Pipelines; Soils; Toluene; Xylene; Soil pollution; benzene; ethylbenzene; ground water; hydrocarbon; petroleum derivative; toluene; xylene; BTEX; concentration (composition); environmental impact; groundwater pollution; oil pipeline; oil spill; pollution incidence; pollution monitoring; remediation; seasonal variation; soil pollution; article; explosion; maximum allowable concentration; Nigeria; oil spill; pipeline; pollution monitoring; seasonal variation; soil pollution; water contamination; water sampling; chemistry; environmental monitoring; oil spill; soil pollutant; water pollutant; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Environmental Monitoring; Explosions; Groundwater; Nigeria; Petroleum Pollution; Soil Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952293261	Evaluation of airborne lead levels in storage battery workshops and some welding environments in Kumasi metropolis in Ghana	Dartey E., Adimado A.A., Agyarko K.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	164	42373	10.1007/s10661-009-0869-x	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Dartey, E., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana; Adimado, A.A., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyarko, K., Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Airborne lead levels were assessed in nine workshops, three each from battery, electronic repair, and welding sources within the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. Samples were collected at 0, 2.5, and 5.0 m away from the emission source at the workshops during working hours and another at 5.0 m during break hours. Airborne lead particulates were collected and analyzed using the filter membrane technique and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the air lead levels from the workshops. Workshop 3b produced the highest significant values of air lead concentrations of 2,820.31 ± 53.89, 2,406.74 ± 71.87, 754.55 ± 72.52, and 549.01 ± 67.30 μg/m3 at distances of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 5.0 m (break-time measurement), respectively, while workshop 1w significantly produced the lowest air lead concentration values of 261.06 ± 21.60, 190.92 ± 36.90, 86.43 ± 16.26, and 61.05 ± 3.88 μg/m3 at distances of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 5.0 m (break-time measurement), respectively. The air lead levels reduced with distance from emission source at the workshops. At all the distances of measurement at working hours, the airborne lead levels were higher than the World Health Organization standard of 50 μg/m3 and exceeded the threshold limit values of 100 to 150 μg/m3 recommended in most jurisdictions. Workers and people in the immediate environs were exposed to air lead levels that were too high by most international standards, thus posing a serious threat to their health. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Airborne lead; Filter membrane technique; Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Jurisdictions; Threshold limit values	Airborne lead; Emission sources; Filter membrane; Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; International standards; Lead concentration; Storage battery; Threshold limit values; Working hours; World Health Organization; Absorption; Atoms; Electric batteries; Electric power supplies to apparatus; Flammability; Health risks; Spectrophotometry; Time measurement; Welding; Lead; lead; atomic absorption spectroscopy; emission; filter; health impact; health risk; lead; occupational exposure; pollution exposure; spectrophotometry; air analysis; air sampling; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; battery industry; concentration (parameters); controlled study; electronics industry; environmental exposure; Ghana; health hazard; occupational exposure; standard; welding; work schedule; world health organization; Air Pollutants; Electric Power Supplies; Environmental Monitoring; Ghana; Lead; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Ashanti; Ghana; Kumasi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884354676	Ozone facilitated dechlorination of 2-chloroethanol and impact of organic solvents and activated charcoal	Gounden A.N., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3169-4	Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Gounden, A.N., Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	The ozone-initiated oxidation of 2-chloroethanol was followed by monitoring the consumption of the halogenated organic substrate. Gas chromatographic analysis of the ozonated products showed an increase in conversion from about 1 % after 3 h of ozone treatment to about 22 % after 12 h. The yields of major ozonated products identified and quantified namely acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and chloride ion increased proportionately as a function of ozone treatment time. The percent conversion of 2-chloroethanol in the presence of acetic acid or ethyl acetate were found to be higher than those under solvent-free conditions with similar products obtained. The use of activated charcoal during the ozonolyis of 2-chloroethanol showed a significant increase in the percent conversion of the substrate compared to solvent free ozonation. Based on the experimental findings, the overall mechanism for the reaction between 2-chloroethanol and ozone is described. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chloride ion; Dechlorination; Ozonation	2-Chloroethanol; Chloride ions; Ethyl acetates; Organic substrate; Ozone treatment; Solvent free; Solvent free conditions; Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chlorine compounds; Dechlorination; Ozonization; pH; Ozone; 2 chloroethanol; acetaldehyde; acetic acid; acetic acid ethyl ester; activated carbon; carboxylic acid; chloride ion; organic solvent; ozone; acetaldehyde; acetate; acetic acid; activated carbon; charcoal; dechlorination; experimental study; organic compound; ozone; reaction kinetics; substrate; article; dechlorination; electric conductivity; gas chromatography; oxidation; ozonation; ozonolysis; Charcoal; Ethylene Chlorohydrin; Models, Chemical; Ozone; Solvents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874984673	Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sediment of Lake Naivasha, Kenya	Otieno P.O., Owuor P.O., Lalah J.O., Pfister G., Schramm K.-W.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	3	10.1007/s10661-012-2743-5	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 42528, 00200-City Square Nairobi, Kenya	Otieno, P.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Owuor, P.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 42528, 00200-City Square Nairobi, Kenya; Pfister, G., Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Schramm, K.-W., Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany	This study reports evidence of increased chlorpyrifos contamination in sediment and water in Lake Naivasha following its intensive application in the horticultural farms in the catchment area. Analytical results show that levels of chlorpyrifos residues were influenced by climate-induced rainfall pattern with higher levels reported during period of heavy precipitation with significant decrease during low rainfall. On average, the levels ranged between 14.8 and 32.8 ng g-1 in sediment during rainy season compared to a range of 8.5-16.6 ng g-1 in the dry season. Additionally, the mean concentration of chlorpyrifos in water ranged between 8.61 and 22.4 μg L -1 during rainy season and below detection limit (bdl) -13.6 μg L-1 in dry season as quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, independent t test analysis indicated that there was significant difference in concentration at p ≤ 0.05 between the seasons with respect to sediment and water samples. This demonstrated that climate-induced variations had considerable influence on contamination. While diazinon and carbofuran were equally applied intensively, their levels were below the detection limit in the all the samples analyzed. ELISA results were validated by the capillary-HPLC photodiode-array detector instrument analysis, and statistical comparison showed no significant difference between them. It was evident that chlorpyrifos residues determination in water and sediment by ELISA can be a useful strategy in environmental management and monitoring program, and a complimentary analytical tool to high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of chlorpyrifos detected in sediment and water were found to exceed recommended criteria for protection of aquatic life and preservation of water quality and may be hazardous if not regularly monitored. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Climate; Contamination; ELISA; Pesticides; Sediment; Water	Climate; ELISA; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Mean concentrations; Pesticides residues; Photodiode array detectors; Significant differences; Statistical comparisons; Catchments; Contamination; Drought; Environmental management; High performance liquid chromatography; Lakes; Pesticides; Rain; Sediments; Water; Water quality; Sedimentology; carbofuran; chlorpyrifos; dimpylate; pesticide residue; rain; chlorpyrifos; pesticide residue; agricultural emission; chlorpyrifos; climate effect; environmental management; enzyme activity; horticulture; lacustrine deposit; lake pollution; lake water; liquid chromatography; pesticide; pollution monitoring; quantitative analysis; sediment pollution; spatial distribution; strategic approach; article; catchment; climate; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; high performance liquid chromatography; intermethod comparison; Kenya; lake; limit of detection; precipitation; seasonal variation; sediment; water pollution; chemistry; climate change; environmental monitoring; lake; risk assessment; water pollutant; Kenya; Lake Naivasha; Rift Valley; Chlorpyrifos; Climate Change; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Geologic Sediments; Kenya; Lakes; Pesticide Residues; Risk Assessment; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925428074	Use of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of temporal and spatial variations in water quality of the Kaduna River, Nigeria	Ogwueleka T.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	3	10.1007/s10661-015-4354-4	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Ogwueleka, T.C., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA), were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations and to interpret large and complex water quality data sets collected from the Kaduna River. Kaduna River is the main tributary of Niger River in Nigeria and represents the common situation of most natural rivers including spatial patterns of pollutants. The water samples were collected monthly for 5 years (2008–2012) from eight sampling stations located along the river. In all samples, 17 parameters of water quality were determined: total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Thard, dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, total coliform (TColi), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), HCO3 −, NO3 −, and temperature (T). Hierarchical CA grouped 12 months into two seasons (dry and wet seasons) and classified eight sampling stations into two groups (low- and high-pollution regions) based on seasonal differences and different levels of pollution, respectively. PCA/FA for each group formed by CA helped to identify spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality in Kaduna River. CA illustrated that water quality progressively deteriorated from headwater to downstream areas. The results of PCA/FA determined that 78.7 % of the total variance in low pollution region was explained by five factor, that is, natural and organic, mineral, microbial, organic, and nutrient, and 87.6 % of total variance in high pollution region was explained by six factors, that is, microbial, organic, mineral, natural, nutrient, and organic. Varifactors obtained from FA indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are resulted from agricultural runoff, natural pollution, domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewater. Mann–Whitney U test results revealed that TDS, pH, DO, T, EC, TColi, turbidity, total hardness (THard), Mg, Ca, NO3 −, COD, and BOD were identified as significant variables affecting temporal variation in river water, and TDS, EC, and TColi were identified as significant variables affecting spatial variation. In addition, box-whisker plots facilitated and supported multivariate analysis results. This study illustrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for classification and processing of large and complex data sets of water quality parameters, identification of latent pollution factors/sources and their spatial-temporal variations, and determination of the corresponding significant parameters in river water quality. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Box plots; Cluster analysis; Factor analysis; Principal component analysis; Temporal-spatial variations; Water quality management	Agricultural runoff; Biochemical oxygen demand; Calcium; Chemical oxygen demand; Chlorine; Classification (of information); Cluster analysis; Dissolved oxygen; Factor analysis; Magnesium; Multivariant analysis; Nutrients; Oxygen; Parameter estimation; Pollution; Principal component analysis; Quality control; Quality management; Rivers; Statistical methods; Turbidity; Water conservation; Water management; Water pollution; Water quality; Water resources; Box plots; Electrical conductivity; Multivariate statistical techniques; Spatial variations; Spatio-temporal dynamics; Temporal and spatial variation; Water quality parameters; Water quality variations; River pollution; ammonium nitrate; calcium; chloride; dissolved organic matter; dissolved oxygen; magnesium; runoff; sulfate; cluster analysis; factor analysis; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis; river pollution; river water; spatial analysis; temporal analysis; water quality; Article; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coliform bacterium; discriminant analysis; dry season; electric conductivity; factorial analysis; hydrology; multivariate analysis; Nigeria; nonhuman; pH; principal component analysis; river; season; seasonal variation; soil erosion; spatiotemporal analysis; statistical analysis; temperature; turbidity; water analysis; water pollution; water quality; water sampling; weathering; wet season; biochemical oxygen demand; chemistry; environmental monitoring; procedures; statistics and numerical data; water pollution; water quality; Kaduna River; Nigeria; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Cluster Analysis; Environmental Monitoring; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Multivariate Analysis; Nigeria; Principal Component Analysis; Rivers; Seasons; Temperature; Water Pollution; Water Quality	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349242255	Monitoring of the physical parameters and evaluation of the chemical composition of river and groundwater in Calabar (Southeastern Nigeria)	Edet A., Worden R.H.	2009	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	157	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0532-y	Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom; Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Unical Post Office, Calabar 540001, Nigeria	Edet, A., Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom, Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Unical Post Office, Calabar 540001, Nigeria; Worden, R.H., Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom	A 12-month study was carried to assess the seasonal and tidal effects on the physical parameters of river and groundwater, which constitute the major potable water sources in Calabar (Nigeria). The study also included an evaluation of the chemical composition of the different water bodies and their relationship. The results show that there was a significant seasonal effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate in groundwater on one hand, and on temperature, redox potential (Eh), and DO in river water on the other. Also, a significant tidal influence exists on DO in both river-and groundwater. Comparison between groundwater and river water show statistically significant difference in EC, TDS, Eh, DO, Na, Cl and NO3. The significant differences in EC, TDS, Na and Cl are due to tidal flushing. The difference in Eh is due to geology of the area while, NO3 is as a result of anthropogenic pollution. The concentrations of ions in the river and groundwater for the different seasons and tidal cycles show an inverse relationship, while the river water is generally more concentrated than the groundwater. Using a binary mixing model, estimates show that the degree of mixing of river water and groundwater is low, with values of between 1.93% and 2.76% respectively, in the western and eastern parts of the study area. The study concludes that tidal flushing, anthropogenic effects and oxygen supply during recharge contribute to the shaping of water chemistry in the area. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Calabar; Chemical composition; Coastal aquifer; Drinking water quality; Groundwater; Physical properties; River; Season; Tide	Calabar; Chemical composition; Coastal aquifer; Drinking water quality; Season; Aquifers; Biochemical oxygen demand; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Dissolved oxygen sensors; Electric conductivity measurement; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Oxygen supply; Physical properties; Rivers; Water distribution systems; Water pollution; Water quality; Potable water; dissolved oxygen; drinking water; ground water; nitrate; river water; chemical composition; coastal aquifer; dissolved oxygen; groundwater; nitrate; redox potential; river water; water chemistry; article; chemical composition; geology; monitoring; Nigeria; oxidation reduction potential; oxygen supply; physical chemistry; seasonal variation; statistical significance; temperature; water analysis; water pollution; Chlorine; Cities; Electric Conductivity; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nigeria; Nitrates; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Rivers; Seasons; Sodium; Temperature; Water Pollutants; Africa; Calabar; Cross River [(STT) Nigeria]; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947915361	Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Mbaa River and the impact on aquatic ecosystem	Ajima M.N.O., Nnodi P.C., Ogo O.A., Adaka G.S., Osuigwe D.I., Njoku D.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	12	10.1007/s10661-015-4937-0	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ajima, M.N.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nnodi, P.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogo, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Njoku, D.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The bioaccumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals have caused ecological damage to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentration of heavy metals including zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, and copper were determined in the sediment and water as well as in the muscle, gill, and intestine of two fish species (Pelmatochromis guentheri and Pelmatochromis pulcher) of Mbaa River in Southeastern Nigeria. Samples were collected at three different spots from the river, and the level of heavy metals specified above were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after a modified wet digestion process. The results indicated that sediment had the highest concentration of the heavy metals investigated while water had the lowest concentration. Fish tissues showed appreciable bioaccumulation of these metals as evidenced by a higher concentration profile when compared with that of water. Furthermore, the concentration of these heavy metals in water and their bioconcentration factor in the fish were above the recommended limit by WHO and FEPA, indicating that Mbaa River along Inyishi may not be suitable for drinking nor the fish safe for human consumption. The study also reveals the use of fish as bioindicator of aquatic environment. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Accumulation; Fish; Heavy metals; Mbaa River; Pollution	Absorption spectroscopy; Aquatic ecosystems; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Chemical contamination; Copper; Ecology; Ecosystems; Fish; Heavy metals; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Water resources; Accumulation; Aquatic environments; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bio-concentration factors; Concentration profiles; Ecological damage; Human consumption; Southeastern Nigeria; River pollution; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; water; zinc; aquatic ecosystem; bioaccumulation; cichlid; ecological impact; heavy metal; pollution effect; animal tissue; aquatic environment; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration factor; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact; exposure; freshwater fish; health hazard; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pelmatochromis guentheri; Pelmatochromis pulcher; risk assessment; river; sediment; tissue level; water contamination; Nigeria; Pelmatochromis; Pelvicachromis pulcher	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927123062	Evaluation of the impact of asbestos wastes on soils in Emene-Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria	Igwe O., Omonona O.V., Onwuka O.S., Nnebedum O.D.	2014	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	186	12	10.1007/s10661-014-3987-z	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria	Igwe, O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omonona, O.V., Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria; Onwuka, O.S., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nnebedum, O.D., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the impacts of asbestos wastes on soils in Emene-Enugu, southeastern Nigeria, generated by the activities of a major asbestos products manufacturing company in southeastern Nigeria. The methods of investigation included vertical electrical sounding (VES), 2-D horizontal resistivity profiling (HRP), induced polarization (IP) survey, chemical analysis of plant tissues and standard penetration tests of soil samples. The 2-D HRP and IP identified six closed waste pits alongside the two active pits. The VES revealed four geoelectrical layers in the area: from bottom to top; the inferred lithologies included dark shale, clay, gravel and recent sands. The geochemical data results revealed that Cd concentration of the soils of the waste pits is above the contaminated land exposure assessment soil guideline value for residential and allotment land uses. The geochemical pollution indices classified the soils as “unpolluted” to “extremely polluted”. Bioconcentration factor of Pb in plant tissues was found to be above recommended limits of 0.045. The geotechnical parameters indices revealed that the soils varied from “very soft” to “stiff” and “very loose” to “medium”. Soils of the active pits have very low strength and bearing capacity while closed pits have high strength and bearing capacity. It may be safe, therefore, to conclude that as the wastes are completely turned into soils, they will assume geotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Asbestos; Emene-Enugu; Enrichment factor; Geoaccumulation index; Pollution; Standard penetration test; Waste dump pit	Asbestos; Bearing capacity; Cadmium; Chemical analysis; Electric prospecting; Geochemistry; Histology; Land use; Pollution; Soil testing; Soils; Tissue; Emene-Enugu; Enrichment factors; Geo-accumulation index; Standard penetration test; Waste dumps; Soil pollution; asbestos; soil; soil pollutant; analysis; chemistry; environmental monitoring; Nigeria; plant; pollution; soil; soil pollutant; statistics and numerical data; Asbestos; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Nigeria; Plants; Soil; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349089723	Evaluation and analysis of noise levels in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria	Oyedepo O.S., Saadu A.A.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	160	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0719-2	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwar State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oyedepo, O.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Saadu, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwar State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Evaluation and analysis of noise pollution levels have been carried out to determine the level of noise and its sources in Ilorin metropolis. Noise measurements have been done in the morning, at noon, in the evening, and at night to determine noise pollution all over the city. The selected areas of study are commercial centers, road junctions/busy roads, passenger loading parks, and high-density and low-density residential areas. The road junctions had the highest noise pollution levels, followed by commercial centers. The results of this study show that the noise levels in Ilorin metropolis exceeded allowed values at 30 of 42 measurements points. There is a significant difference (P<0.05) in the noise pollution levels and traffic noise index in all the locations. From the measured noise values, a map of noise pollution was developed for Ilorin. Many solutions proposed for noise abatement in the city are set out. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Environmental noise; Ilorin; Noise; Noise map; Noise pollution; Traffic noise	Environmental noise; High-density; Ilorin; Nigeria; Noise levels; Noise map; Noise measurements; Noise pollution level; Residential areas; Road junction; Traffic noise; Noise pollution; Parks; Roads and streets; Noise abatement; commercial activity; metropolitan area; noise pollution; pollution monitoring; traffic congestion; article; controlled study; Nigeria; noise measurement; noise pollution; residential area; traffic noise; Cities; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Nigeria; Noise; Ilorin; Kwara; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864850766	Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis	Adelowo O.O., Akinlabi I.A., Fagade O.E.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	7	10.1007/s10661-011-2285-2	Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnol	Adelowo, O.O., Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinlabi, I.A., Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Fagade, O.E., Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on four water sources was investigated using geoelectrical imaging and microbiological analysis. 2D electrical resistivity imaging indicated groundwater contamination by leachate from the abattoir. Electrical resistivity values measured by the traverse run directly on the waste dump and other areas impacted by the waste from the abattoir are generally very low (6.68-16.7 Ωm) in comparison to other positions (135-288 Ωm). The total viable bacteria count of the water samples ranged from 0.49×106 to 2.85×108 cfu/ml and all samples are contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number (MPN)/100 ml ranging from 110 to ≥1,600 MPN/100 ml. Among bacteria isolated from the study site (n=95), resistance to eight antibiotics ranged from 35.8% to 94%. In addition, 85% of Streptococcus agalactiae (n=31) and Staph-ylococci (n=9) showed haemolytic activity while 92% of all isolates showed β-lactamase activity. These results suggest that operations of the abattoir may impact negatively on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and endanger the health of surrounding residents who use water from the wells for domestic purposes. Furthermore, such aquatic ecosystems may serve as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	Abattoir; Antibiotics resistance; Bacteria; Pollution; Water quality	Abattoir; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotics resistance; Aquatic ecosystem; Coliforms; Domestic purpose; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity imaging; Geoelectrical; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater contamination; Lactamases; Leachates; Microbiological analysis; Most probable number; Nigeria; Streptococcus agalactiae; Study sites; Waste dumps; Water samples; Water source; Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Environmental impact assessments; Pollution; Reservoirs (water); Water quality; Bacteria; ampicillin; beta lactamase; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; ground water; ofloxacin; penicillin G; streptomycin; surface water; antibiotic resistance; aquatic ecosystem; electrical resistivity; environmental impact assessment; geoelectric field; groundwater; health risk; human activity; leachate; microbiology; water resource; analytic method; antibiotic sensitivity; aquatic environment; article; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; Burkholderia cepacia; colony forming unit; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; geoelectrical imaging; Klebsiella aerogenes; Klebsiella pneumoniae; microbiological analysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; morphology; Nigeria; nonhuman; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas putida; Rhodococcus equi; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus agalactiae; water analysis; water contamination; water quality; water supply; Abattoirs; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Groundwater; Nigeria; Remote Sensing Technology; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution; Nigeria; Ogbomosho; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847666890	Recovery assessment of a refined-oil impacted and fire ravaged mangrove ecosystem	Otitoloju A.A., Are T., Junaid K.A.	2007	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	127	03-Jan	10.1007/s10661-006-9285-7	Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal Ministry of Environment, National Reference Laboratory, Lagos, Nigeria	Otitoloju, A.A., Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Are, T., Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Junaid, K.A., Federal Ministry of Environment, National Reference Laboratory, Lagos, Nigeria	An assessment of the diversity and abundance of macrobenthic community in a refined-oil (petrol) impacted and fire-ravaged mangrove ecosystem within the vicinity of a marine receipt terminal facility (Atlas Cove) serving as a distribution and pump station for refined products was carried out. The mangrove ecosystem was subjected to massive petrol spillage from a leaking pipeline and eventual fire outbreak. Following rehabilitation activities, a recovery assessment of the impacted ecosystem was carried out. The field surveys revealed that the petrol leakage and fire outbreak resulted in a near complete destruction of the mangrove ecosystem around the Atlas Cove depot, with macrobenthic species diversity index ranging between 00.4, compared to 0.780.87 in the control stations. The dominant early arrivals or colonizers of the impacted stations areas were Clibanarius africanus and Callinectes amnicola. Early signs of recovery of the impacted area were observed within about two and a half (2 1/2) to three (3) months, based on diversity and abundance indices respectively. The period of early signs of recovery also coincide with an observed reduction in the total hydrocarbon content (THC) levels in the sediment collected from the impacted stations by about nine folds from 3.67 mg/kg to 0.42 mg/kg within 3 months. Despite the apparent signs of recovery, the need for long-term monitoring of the impacted stations was discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2006.	Atlas cove; Fire; Macrobenthos; Mangrove; Petroleum products; Recovery assessment	Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental protection; Fire hazards; Fires; Leakage (fluid); Petroleum pipelines; Petroleum products; Petroleum refining; Fire outbreak; Fire ravaged mangrove ecosystem; Macrobenthic community; Petrol spillage; Ecosystems; gasoline; hydrocarbon; abundance; assessment method; diversity index; macrobenthos; mangrove; oil spill; petroleum hydrocarbon; pollution effect; pollution monitoring; species diversity; article; biodiversity; controlled study; ecosystem fire history; ecosystem regeneration; ecosystem restoration; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; macrobenthos; mangrove; Nigeria; petrochemical industry; population abundance; species diversity; spillage; vegetation; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Remediation; Fires; Geologic Sediments; Nigeria; Petroleum; Rhizophoraceae; Callinectes amnicola; Clibanarius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054751982	Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes in Clarias gariepinus as useful biomarkers for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	Otitoloju A., Olagoke O.	2011	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	182	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-010-1870-0	Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Otitoloju, A., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Olagoke, O., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The toxicological evaluations of crude oil, xylene, toluene and benzene were carried out against juvenile stages of Clarias gariepinus. On the basis of LC 50 value, benzene (0.017 ml/l) was found to be the most toxic followed by xylene (0.086 ml/l), toluene (0.398 ml/l) and crude oil (2.219 ml/l) was the least toxic. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay showed that the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver and gills of fish exposed to all the test chemicals increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to control. Measurement of activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and gill of fishes exposed to sublethal concentration of the test chemicals over a 28-day period was found to decrease significantly (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to control. The observed reduction in the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GST in conjunction with an increase in MDA levels in the gill and liver tissues of test animals exposed to aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were recommended as a good battery of biomarkers for early detection of pollution during biomonitoring programmes. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Antioxidant enzymes; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomarkers; Biomonitoring; Lipid peroxidation	Antioxidant defense; Antioxidant enzyme; Biomonitoring; Clarias gariepinus; Early detection; Glutathione-S-transferase; Hydrocarbon compounds; Lipid peroxidation; Liver tissue; Malonaldehyde; Superoxide dismutases; Toxicological evaluation; Aldehydes; Animals; Aromatic compounds; Aromatization; Benzene; Computer system firewalls; Crude oil; Enzymes; Hydrocarbons; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Oxygen; Pollution detection; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Tissue; Toluene; Toxic materials; Xylene; Catalysts; benzene; biological marker; catalase; glutathione transferase; malonaldehyde; petroleum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; superoxide dismutase; toluene; xylene; bioassay; biomarker; biomonitoring; enzyme activity; fish; lipid; oxidation; PAH; pollution exposure; toxicity test; toxicology; acclimatization; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; fingerling; gill; LC 50; lipid peroxidation; liver toxicity; nonhuman; oxidative stress; physical chemistry; signal transduction; Siluriformes; toxicity testing; Animals; Biological Markers; Catalase; Catfishes; Environmental Monitoring; Gills; Glutathione Transferase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Nigeria; Petroleum Pollution; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51949109315	The impact of vehicular fallout on the Pra estuary of Ghana (a case study of the impact of platinum group metals (PGMs) on the marine ecosystem)	Essumang D.K., Dodoo D.K., Adokoh C.K.	2008	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	145	42372	10.1007/s10661-007-0037-0	Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Essumang, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dodoo, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adokoh, C.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	It is increasingly being recognised and environmental measurements have demonstrated that Platinum (Pt) (and potentially Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd)) is released with the ageing of catalytic converters. Platinum is a particular concern as it has a known mutagenic and toxic effect, even at exceedingly low concentrations, in urban air (affecting human health) and urban water (affecting ecosystem health). In the context given above and given the still keen lack of reliable experimental data on the levels of Pd, Pt and Rh in water and sediment, this study determined the concentration of such elements in water and sediment of the Pra estuary in the Western Region of Ghana where it is estimated that more than two thousand cars pass over the bridge under which the river flows to join the sea each day. Elevated concentrations of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and Rhodium (Rh) were found to be associated with water and soils from areas of high traffic densities (Beposo) suggesting that vehicles also contribute heavy metals (PGMs) to the environment. The result showed elevated levels of these metals in river bank, waterbed and in the water. There is therefore the tendency of possible accumulation of these metals in plant and animals along these areas. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Akotokyir; Beposo; Bosomdo Krobo; Canberra Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA); Catalytic converters; Kakum; Platinum group metals (PGMs); Pra estuary; Shama Beach	Catalytic converters; Concentration (process); Ecosystems; Heavy metals; Heavy water; Iridium alloys; Metals; Palladium; Platinum; Platinum metals; Rhodium; Rivers; Sedimentation; Sedimentology; Transition metals; Akotokyir; Beposo; Bosomdo Krobo; Canberra Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA); Case studies; Ecosystem health; Elevated concentrations; Elevated levels; Environmental measurements; Experimental data; Human health; In plants; Kakum; Low concentrations; Marine ecosystems; Platinum group metals; Platinum group metals (PGMs); Pra estuary; River banks; River flows; Shama Beach; Toxic effects; Traffic densities; Urban air; Urban waters; River pollution; heavy metal; palladium; platinum derivative; rhodium; river water; bioaccumulation; concentration (composition); ecological impact; estuarine ecosystem; fallout; palladium; platinum; pollution effect; rhodium; toxicity; traffic emission; urban atmosphere; article; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; estuary; flotation bed; Ghana; marine environment; motor vehicle; riparian ecosystem; soil analysis; soil chemistry; soil quality; water analysis; water content; water flow; water quality; water sampling; Ecosystem; Ghana; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Palladium; Platinum; Rhodium; Seawater; Vehicle Emissions; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Africa; Ghana; Pra Estuary; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878359028	Drought impact assessment from monitoring the seasonality of vegetation condition using long-term time-series satellite images: A case study of Mt. Kenya region	Song Y., Njoroge J.B., Morimoto Y.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	5	10.1007/s10661-012-2854-z	Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan	Song, Y., Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Njoroge, J.B., Faculty of Agriculture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Morimoto, Y., Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan	Drought-induced anomalies in vegetation condition over wide areas can be observed by using time-series satellite remote sensing data. Previous methods to assess the anomalies may include limitations in considering (1) the seasonality in terms of each vegetation-cover type, (2) cumulative damage during the drought event, and (3) the application to various types of land cover. This study proposed an improved methodology to assess drought impact from the annual vegetation responses, and discussed the result in terms of diverse landscape mosaics in the Mt. Kenya region (0.4 N 35.8 E ~ 1.6 S 38.4 E). From the 30-year annual rainfall records at the six meteorological stations in the study area, we identified 2000 as the drought year and 2001, 2004, and 2007 as the normal precipitation years. The time-series profiles of vegetation condition in the drought and normal precipitation years were obtained from the values of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI; Huete et al. 2002), which were acquired from Terra MODIS remote sensing dataset (MOD13Q1) taken every 16 days at the scale of 250-m spatial resolution. The drought impact was determined by integrating the annual differences in EVI profiles between drought and normal conditions, per pixel based on nearly same day of year. As a result, we successfully described the distribution of landscape vulnerability to drought, considering the seasonality of each vegetation-cover type at every MODIS pixel. This result will contribute to the large-scale landscape management of Mt. Kenya region. Future study should improve this method by considering land-use change occurred during the long-term monitoring period. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Drought assessment; EVI; MODIS; Phenology; Remote sensing	Enhanced vegetation index; EVI; Landscape management; Long term monitoring; Meteorological station; MODIS; Phenology; Satellite remote sensing data; Forestry; Pixels; Radiometers; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Vegetation; Drought; rain; assessment method; drought; land cover; MODIS; phenology; precipitation (climatology); remote sensing; satellite imagery; seasonality; time series analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation type; article; case study; drought; environmental impact assessment; Kenya; land use; landscape; precipitation; seasonal variation; telecommunication; time series analysis; vegetation; environmental monitoring; equipment; methodology; plant; remote sensing; season; space flight; Kenya; Mount Kenya; Droughts; Environmental Monitoring; Kenya; Plants; Remote Sensing Technology; Seasons; Spacecraft	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957414276	Source apportionment and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in water and sediments of Buriganga River, Bangladesh, using multivariate analysis and pollution evaluation indices	Bhuiyan M.A.H., Dampare S.B., Islam M.A., Suzuki S.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	1	10.1007/s10661-014-4075-0	Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh	Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Dampare, S.B., National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Islam, M.A., Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Suzuki, S., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan	Concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment samples of Buriganga River in the capital city Dhaka, Bangladesh, were studied to understand the level of heavy metals and their source apportionment. The results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals both in water and sediment samples were very high and, in most cases, exceeded the permissible limits recommended by the Bangladesh government and other international organizations. Significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd were found in sediment samples. However, average concentrations of metals both in water and sediment samples were above the effect range median. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) yielded different results in water samples despite significant correlations between them. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) showed strong correlations with HPI and Cd and provided better assessment of pollution levels. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed the elevated value of Cr, Pb, and Cd in access of background values. The measured elements were subjected to positive matrix factorization (PMF) and examining correlations in order to explain the content, behavior, and source apportionment of metals. PMF resulted in a successful partitioning of variances into sources related to background geochemistry and contaminant influences. However, the PMF approach successfully demarcated the major sources of metals from tannery, paint, municipal sewage, textiles, and agricultural activities. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Buriganga River; Heavy metals; Pollution load index; Positive matrix factorization; Source apportionment	Factorization; Heavy metals; Lead; Manganese; Matrix algebra; Metals; Multivariant analysis; Rivers; Sediments; Sewage; Water resources; Agricultural activities; Buriganga rivers; Geo-accumulation index; Heavy metal evaluations; International organizations; Pollution load indices; Positive Matrix Factorization; Source apportionment; River pollution; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; cobalt; copper; heavy metal; lead; manganese; nickel; zinc; background level; concentration (composition); enrichment; geoaccumulation index; heavy metal; multivariate analysis; partitioning; pollutant source; river pollution; sediment pollution; agricultural waste; Article; Bangladesh; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental enrichment; environmental impact assessment; geographic distribution; industrial waste; river; sediment; sludge; urbanization; waste water; water analysis; water contamination; water pollution; water pollution indicator; water quality; water sampling; Bangladesh; Buriganga River; Dhaka [Bangladesh]	None
None	None	Stream biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates around the globe: a comparison of large-scale programs	Buss D.F., Carlisle D.M., Chon T.-S., Culp J., Harding J.S., Keizer-Vlek H.E., Robinson W.A., Strachan S., Thirion C., Hughes R.M.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	1	10.1007/s10661-014-4132-8	Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Pusan, South Korea; Environment Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Freshwater Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, Australia; Environment Canada, #201-401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Resource Quality Information Services, Department Water and Sanitation, Private Bag X313, Pretoria, South Africa; Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States	Buss, D.F., Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Carlisle, D.M., U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Chon, T.-S., Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Pusan, South Korea; Culp, J., Environment Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; Harding, J.S., School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Keizer-Vlek, H.E., Department of Freshwater Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Robinson, W.A., School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, Australia; Strachan, S., Environment Canada, #201-401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Thirion, C., Resource Quality Information Services, Department Water and Sanitation, Private Bag X313, Pretoria, South Africa; Hughes, R.M., Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States	Water quality agencies and scientists are increasingly adopting standardized sampling methodologies because of the challenges associated with interpreting data derived from dissimilar protocols. Here, we compare 13 protocols for monitoring streams from different regions and countries around the globe. Despite the spatially diverse range of countries assessed, many aspects of bioassessment structure and protocols were similar, thereby providing evidence of key characteristics that might be incorporated in a global sampling methodology. Similarities were found regarding sampler type, mesh size, sampling period, subsampling methods, and taxonomic resolution. Consistent field and laboratory methods are essential for merging data sets collected by multiple institutions to enable large-scale comparisons. We discuss the similarities and differences among protocols and present current trends and future recommendations for monitoring programs, especially for regions where large-scale protocols do not yet exist. We summarize the current state in one of these regions, Latin America, and comment on the possible development path for these techniques in this region. We conclude that several aspects of stream biomonitoring need additional performance evaluation (accuracy, precision, discriminatory power, relative costs), particularly when comparing targeted habitat (only the commonest habitat type) versus site-wide sampling (multiple habitat types), appropriate levels of sampling and processing effort, and standardized indicators to resolve dissimilarities among biomonitoring methods. Global issues such as climate change are creating an environment where there is an increasing need to have universally consistent data collection, processing and storage to enable large-scale trend analysis. Biomonitoring programs following standardized methods could aid international data sharing and interpretation. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Biological assessment; Biomonitoring protocols; River management; Standardization; Subsampling taxonomic resolution	Climate change; Digital storage; Ecosystems; Standardization; Water quality; Biological assessment; Biomonitoring; Biomonitoring programs; Discriminatory power; Large-scale programs; River management; Sub-sampling methods; Taxonomic resolution; Data handling; biomonitoring; comparative study; macroinvertebrate; river management; river water; standardization; streamwater; water quality; accuracy; Article; Australia; biological monitoring; Canada; climate change; data analysis; environmental monitoring; European Union; financial management; habitat; information dissemination; information processing; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; macroinvertebrate; methodology; New Zealand; sampler; South Africa; South and Central America; South Korea; standardization; stream (river); taxonomy; time; United States; water quality; water sampling; Latin America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867574878	The impact of traditional coffee processing on river water quality in Ethiopia and the urgency of adopting sound environmental practices	Beyene A., Kassahun Y., Addis T., Assefa F., Amsalu A., Legesse W., Kloos H., Triest L.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	11	10.1007/s10661-011-2479-7	School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 150223 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of California, 185 Berry Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States	Beyene, A., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Kassahun, Y., Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Addis, T., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assefa, F., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Amsalu, A., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 150223 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, W., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Kloos, H., University of California, 185 Berry Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States; Triest, L., Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	Although waste from coffee processing is a valuable resource to make biogas, compost, and nutrient-rich animal food, it is usually dumped into nearby water courses. We carried out water quality assessment at 44 sampling sites along 18 rivers that receive untreated waste from 23 coffee pulping and processing plants in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Twenty upstream sampling sites free from coffee waste impact served as control, and 24 downstream sampling sites affected by coffee waste were selected for comparison. Physicochemical and biological results revealed a significant river water quality deterioration as a result of disposing untreated coffee waste into running water courses. During coffee-processing (wet) season, the highest organic load (1,900 mg/l), measured as biochemical oxygen demand, depleted dissolved oxygen (DO) to a level less than 0.01 mg/l, and thus curtailed nitrification. During off season, oxygen started to recuperate and augmented nitrification. The shift from significantly elevated organic load and reduced DO in the wet season to increased nitrate in the off season was found to be the determining factor for the difference in macroinvertebrate community structure as verified by ordination analysis. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly reduced in impacted sites during the wet season contrary to the off season. However, there was a significant difference in the ratio of sensitive to pollution-tolerant taxa in the off season, which remained depreciated in the longer term. This study highlights the urgency of research exploring on the feasibility of adopting appropriate pollution abatement technologies to implement ecologically sound coffee-processing systems in coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Coffee processing; Ethiopia; Macroinvertebrates; River pollution; Waste	Animal foods; Environmental practices; Ethiopia; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Organic load; Pollution abatement; Processing plants; River water quality; Running waters; Sampling site; Water course; Water quality assessments; Wet season; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biogas; Composting; Denitrification; Factor analysis; Nitrification; Oxidation; Pollution; Rivers; Wastes; Water quality; River pollution; dissolved oxygen; oxygen; rain; river water; biochemical oxygen demand; community structure; dissolved oxygen; macroinvertebrate; nitrification; physicochemical property; river pollution; river water; water quality; wet season; article; biochemical oxygen demand; coffee; community structure; controlled study; dumping; environmental impact assessment; environmental management; Ethiopia; food processing; macroinvertebrate; nitrification; physical chemistry; pulping; seasonal variation; species diversity; waste disposal; water analysis; water quality; water sampling; Agriculture; Coffee; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ethiopia; Refuse Disposal; Rivers; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Quality; Ethiopia; Jimma; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349190849	Urban impact on ecological integrity of nearby rivers in developing countries: The Borkena River in highland Ethiopia	Beyene A., Legesse W., Triest L., Kloos H.	2009	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	153	42373	10.1007/s10661-008-0371-x	Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States	Beyene, A., Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium, Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Legesse, W., Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Triest, L., Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Kloos, H., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States	Accelerated pollution and eutrophication of rivers and streams because of human activity are a concern throughout the world and severe in Africa where Ethiopia is case in point. The objective of this study was to assess the urban impact on the ecological integrity of the Borkena River at the eastern escarpment of the central Ethiopian highlands. The water quality status and macroinvertebrate distribution and diversity of the river were assessed during the dry and wet seasons. Diversity indices revealed that a severe decline in the ecological integrity of the Borkena River downstream of Dessie and within Kombolcha towns in terms of macroinvertebrate abundance and composition. Clustering and ordination analysis clearly separated reference sites from urban impacted sites. At the urban-impacted sites, dissolved oxygen was also depleted to 0.5 mg/l and BOD5 values were reached to a level of above 1,000 mg/l, with extremely low biological diversity of pollution-sensitive taxa. These patterns are the result of a combination of rampant dumping of untreated wastes exacerbated by geologic, topographic, climatic and land use factors. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Borkena river; Ecological integrity; Ethiopia; Faunal diversity; Macroinvertebrate; Pollution	Borkena river; Ecological integrity; Ethiopia; Faunal diversity; Macroinvertebrate; Developing countries; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Eutrophication; Land use; Natural resources; Pollution; Quality assurance; Rivers; Water quality; River pollution; dissolved oxygen; cluster analysis; developing world; dissolved oxygen; environmental impact; Index of Biotic Integrity; macroinvertebrate; river water; species diversity; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; biodiversity; climate; cluster analysis; controlled study; dumping; environmental impact; Ethiopia; eutrophication; geology; human activities; land use; macroinvertebrate; population abundance; river ecosystem; season; taxon; topography; urban area; water pollution; water quality; Ecology; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Ethiopia; Geography; Rivers; Africa; Borkena River; Dese; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902362340	Elemental uptake and distribution of nutrients in avocado mesocarp and the impact of soil quality	Reddy M., Moodley R., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2014	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	186	7	10.1007/s10661-014-3716-7	School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	Reddy, M., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Moodley, R., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	The distribution of 14 elements (both essential and non-essential) in the Hass and Fuerte cultivars of avocados grown at six different sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was investigated. Soils from the different sites were concurrently analysed for elemental concentration (both total and exchangeable), pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity. In both varieties of the fruit, concentrations of the elements Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Se were extremely low with the other elements being in decreasing order of Mg > Ca > Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > As. Nutritionally, avocados were found to be a good dietary source of the micronutrients Cu and Mn. In soil, Pb concentrations indicated enrichment (positive geoaccumuluation indices) but this did not influence uptake of the metal by the plant. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the impact of soil quality parameters on the nutrient composition of the fruits. This analysis indicated the prevalence of complex metal interactions at the soil-plant interface that influenced their uptake by the plant. However, the plant invariably controlled metal uptake according to metabolic needs as evidenced by their accumulation and exclusion. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.	Antagonism; Avocado; Bioavailability; Elemental distribution; Nutrient uptake; Synergism	Biochemistry; Fruits; Lead; Magnesium; Manganese; Nutrients; Pollution; Soils; Antagonism; Avocado; Bioavailability; Elemental distribution; Nutrient uptake; Synergism; Quality control; aluminum; arsenic; cadmium; calcium; chromium; cobalt; copper; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; nickel; organic matter; selenium; zinc; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biological uptake; cation exchange capacity; concentration (composition); crop plant; cultivar; fruit; nutrient uptake; organic matter; parameterization; pH; soil quality; spatial distribution; article; avocado; cation exchange; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; nonhuman; plant nutrient; plant parameters; plant soil relationship; soil acidity; soil analysis; soil quality; South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Persea americana; Environmental Monitoring; Metals; Nutritive Value; Persea; Soil; Soil Pollutants; South Africa; Trace Elements	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884356305	Speciation of As(III) and As(V) in water and sediment using reverse-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography-neutron activation analysis (HPLC-NAA)	Tulasi D., Adotey D., Affum A., Carboo D., Serfor-Armah Y.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3148-9	School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon Accra, Ghana; Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana	Tulasi, D., School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Adotey, D., School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana; Affum, A., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana; Carboo, D., Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon Accra, Ghana; Serfor-Armah, Y., School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana	Total As content and the As species distribution in water and sediments from the Kwabrafo stream, a major water body draining the Obuasi gold mining community in southwestern Ghana, have been investigated. Total As content was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Ion-pair reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-neutron activation analysis (HPLC-NAA) was used for speciation of As species. Solid phase extraction with phosphate buffer was used to extract soluble As species from lyophilized sediment. The mass balance after phosphate extraction of soluble As species in sediment varied from 89 to 96 %. Compositionally appropriate reference material International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-Lake Sediment (SL)-1 was used to check the validity of INAA method for total As determination. The measured values are in good agreement with the IAEA recommended value and also within the 95 % confidence interval. The accuracy of the measurement in terms of relative deviation from the IAEA recommended value was ±0.83 %. "In-house" prepared As(III) and As(V) standards were used to validate the HPLC-INAA method used for the As species determination. Total As concentration in the water samples ranged from 1.15 to 9.20 mg/L. As(III) species in water varied from 0.13 to 0.7 mg/L, while As(V) species varied from 0.79 to 3.85 mg/L. Total As content in sediment ranged from 2,134 to 3,596 mg/kg dry mass. The levels of As(III) and As(V) species in the sediment ranges from 138 to 506 mg/kg dry mass and 156 to 385 mg/kg dry mass, respectively. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Arsenic; Ghana; HPLC-NAA; Sediment; Speciation; Water	Confidence interval; Ghana; HPLC-NAA; Instrumental neutron activation analysis; International atomic energy agency; Phosphate extraction; Solid-phase extraction; Speciation; Arsenic; Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Water; Sediments; arsenic derivative; phosphate; activation energy; arsenic; extraction method; liquid chromatography; mass balance; phosphate; sediment pollution; speciation (chemistry); water pollution; water quality; accuracy; article; chemical analysis; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dry mass; freeze drying; high performance liquid chromatography; measurement; mining; neutron activation analysis; reference value; reverse phase ion pair high performance liquid chromatography neutron activation analysis; sediment; solid phase extraction; species differentiation; validation process; water contamination; water sampling; Arsenic; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Ghana; Neutron Activation Analysis; Rivers; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39149100985	Impacts of landmines on the environment and biodiversity	Eniang E.A., Haile A., Yihdego T.	2007	Environmental Policy and Law	37	6	None	Dept. of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Dept. of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray Region, Ethiopia	Eniang, E.A., Dept. of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Dept. of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray Region, Ethiopia; Haile, A., Dept. of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray Region, Ethiopia; Yihdego, T., Dept. of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray Region, Ethiopia	[No abstract available]	None	biodiversity; environmental impact; environmental planning; landmine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950075034	The impact of tropospheric ozone pollution on trial plot winter wheat yields in Great Britain - An econometric approach	Kaliakatsou E., Bell J.N.B., Thirtle C., Rose D., Power S.A.	2010	Environmental Pollution	158	5	10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.033	Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Kaliakatsou, E., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Bell, J.N.B., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Thirtle, C., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Rose, D., Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Power, S.A., Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Numerous experiments have demonstrated reductions in the yields of cereal crops due to tropospheric O3, with losses of up to 25%. However, the only British econometric study on O3 impacts on winter wheat yields, found that a 10% increase in AOT40 would decrease yields by only 0.23%. An attempt is made here to reconcile these observations by developing AOT40 maps for Great Britain and matching levels with a large number of standardised trial plot wheat yields from many sites over a 13-year period. Panel estimates (repeated measures on the same plots with time) show a 0.54% decrease in yields and it is hypothesised that plant breeders may have inadvertently selected for O3 tolerance in wheat. Some support for this is provided by fumigations of cultivars of differing introduction dates. A case is made for the use of econometric as well as experimental studies in prediction of air pollution induced crop loss. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Econometrics; Trial plot data; Tropospheric ozone; Winter wheat; Yield loss	Cereal crop; Crop loss; Experimental studies; Great Britain; Plant breeders; Repeated measures; Tropospheric O; Tropospheric ozone; Wheat yield; Winter wheat; Air quality; Crops; Ozone; Troposphere; atmospheric pollution; crop yield; cultivar; econometrics; fumigation; ozone; troposphere; wheat; air pollution; article; controlled study; cultivar; environmental monitoring; filtration; geographic distribution; grain yield; nonhuman; ozone layer; plant leaf; reduction; rural area; senescence; soil fumigation; statistical model; troposphere; United Kingdom; winter wheat; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Biomass; Great Britain; Ozone; Triticum; United Kingdom; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30144444012	Preliminary assessment of risk of ozone impacts to maize (Zea mays) in southern Africa	Van Tienhoven A.M., Zunckel M., Emberson L., Koosailee A., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Pollution	140	2	10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.016	CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Box 373, York, T01 5YW, United Kingdom; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Emberson, L., Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Box 373, York, T01 5YW, United Kingdom; Koosailee, A., Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Surface ozone concentrations in southern Africa exceed air quality guidelines set to protect agricultural crops. This paper addresses a knowledge gap by performing a preliminary assessment of potential ozone impacts on vegetation in southern African. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the receptor of interest in the main maize producing countries, i.e. South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Surface ozone concentrations are estimated for the growing season (October to April) using photochemical modelling. Hourly mean modelled ozone concentrations ranged between 19.7 and 31.2 ppb, while maximums range between 28.9 and 61.9 ppb, and are near 30 ppb over South Africa and Zambia, while in Zimbabwe, they exceed 40 ppb and translate into monthly AOT40 values of over 3000 ppb h in five of the seven months of the growing season. This study suggests that surface ozone may pose a threat to agricultural production in southern African, particularly in Zimbabwe. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AOT40; Crop loss; Ground level ozone; Maize; Southern Africa	Agricultural products; Air quality; Ozone; Space surveillance; Vegetation; AOT40; Crop loss; Ground level ozone; Maize; Southern Africa; Air pollution; ozone; air quality; maize; ozone; air pollutant; air quality; article; chemical model; crop production; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; maize; nonhuman; ozone layer; photochemistry; plant growth; risk assessment; seasonal variation; South Africa; vegetation; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Circadian Rhythm; Environmental Monitoring; Models, Chemical; Oxidants, Photochemical; Ozone; Risk Assessment; Seasons; South Africa; Zambia; Zea mays; Zimbabwe; Ozone; Plants; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50849125397	Biological and chemical evaluation of sewage water pollution in the Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area, South Africa	Oberholster P.J., Botha A.-M., Cloete T.E.	2008	Environmental Pollution	156	1	10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.028	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa	Oberholster, P.J., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Botha, A.-M., Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa; Cloete, T.E., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa	Macroinvertebrate communities in Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area and their relationship with water quality were studied with the aim to evaluate their use as potential indicators of pollution. Sampling locations were selected to include outlets from swage effluent, agricultural and informal residential runoff. A large increase in nutrient concentrations was observed downstream from discharged treated sewage with an associated decrease in species richness. Bioassays performed included: Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuate, Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa and Pyxicephalus adspersus. The highest percentage of lethality response to a screen (100% concentration) of sampled wetland water by test specimens were observed at the point source input of the Hartbeespoort treated sewage plant. Data generated from the AUSRIVAS method and multitrophic level bioassays revealed the deterioration of the wetland possibly due to factors such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, agriculture runoff and rapid human settlement in the Hennops River catchment area and its principal tributaries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AUSRIVAS; Multitrophic level bioassay; Peat bog; Treated sewage discharge	Agricultural runoff; Automation; Catchments; Concentration (process); Effluents; Oil spills; Pollution; Reusability; River pollution; Rivers; Sewage; Water quality; Wetlands; Allium cepa; AUSRIVAS; Chemical evaluation; Daphnia magna; Lactuca sativa; Macroinvertebrate communities; Multitrophic level; Multitrophic level bioassay; Nutrient concentrations; Peat bog; Point sources; Potential indicators; River catchments; Sampling locations; Sewage waters; South Africa; Species richness; Test specimens; Treated sewage discharge; Wetland area; Water pollution; runoff; agricultural runoff; bioassay; biological analysis; catchment; chemical analysis; community response; industrialization; macroinvertebrate; nutrient; peatland; sewage; sewage treatment; species richness; tributary; urbanization; water pollution; water quality; wetland; agriculture; analytic method; article; AUSRIVAS method; Australia; bioassay; catchment; chemical analysis; coelenterate; concentration response; Daphnia; deterioration; Hydra attenuate; industrialization; lettuce; macroinvertebrate; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; onion; Pyxicephalus adspersus; river ecosystem; sewage effluent; source point; South Africa; species richness; urbanization; water pollution; water quality; wetland; Biological Assay; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Eutrophication; Fresh Water; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sewage; South Africa; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution; Wetlands; Africa; Gauteng; Rietvlei Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Allium cepa; Daphnia magna; Hydra; Lactuca sativa; Pyxicephalus adspersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866007903	Evaluation of the levels of selected heavy metals in mangrove ecosystem and roadside topsoil in Ghana	Essumang D.K., Boamponsem L.K., Adokoh C.K., Bentum J.K., Owusu C., Adu-Boakye M.E., Afrifa J.	2012	Environmental Practice	14	3	10.1017/S1466046612000191	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Laboratory Technology Department, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Chemistry Department, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa	Essumang, D.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Boamponsem, L.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adokoh, C.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Laboratory Technology Department, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Bentum, J.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Owusu, C., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adu-Boakye, M.E., Chemistry Department, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Afrifa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Trace metals were determined in the soil and water of four lagoons, two estuaries, and four heavy-traffic roads in Greater Accra along the Atlantic coast of Ghana. The results showed that water samples from all of the water bodies studied were polluted with mercury (Hg) and less polluted with arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). The pollution status of water samples was confirmed by contamination degree (CD) analysis, which yielded values of >1 of Hg and <1 of As, Ni, and Cd. Evaluation of the data from the soil sample was enhanced by the application of pollution quantification tools the pollution load index (PLI) and the index of geoaccumulation (IGEO)which showed that the mangrove swamp soil studied is progressively degrading with Hg, As, Ni, and Cd. It was also revealed that vehicular emissions were a potential source of lead (Pb), Ni, and manganese (Mn) in the roadside soils monitored. From the results of this study, it is clear that the mangroves are gradually degrading and that measures should established to control release of these metals into the environment. Environmental Practice 14:173-183 (2012) © Copyright National Association of Environmental Professionals 2012.	None	cadmium; estuarine ecosystem; geoaccumulation; heavy metal; mercury (element); nickel; point source pollution; pollution monitoring; quantitative analysis; roadside environment; soil analysis; soil degradation; traffic emission; Ghana; Greater Accra; Rhizophoraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645014100	Living on wild plants: Evaluation of the rural household economy in Nigeria	Osemeobo G.J.	2005	Environmental Practice	7	4	10.1017/S1466046605050386	Department of Forestry, Federal Ministry of Environment, PMB 468, Garki-Abuja, Nigeria	Osemeobo, G.J., Department of Forestry, Federal Ministry of Environment, PMB 468, Garki-Abuja, Nigeria	Data were derived through a cross-sectional survey involving 288 respondents selected from three ecological zones of Nigeria to assess the role of wild plants in rural households' socio-economic security. The study revealed that wild plants were recognized by rural communities as common property and were managed through common property regimes. Wild plant products used by rural communities met a wide variety of uses and were available for sale in marketplaces within the rural areas. The study demonstrated that when compared across the three ecological zones, the volume of plant products was inversely related to the income they generated. For example, the volume of wild plant products harvested from natural forests was highest in the guinea savannah, followed by the derived savannah, and least in the rainforest; however, the annual household income generated from wild plants was highest in the rainforest and least in the guinea savannah. The wild plant products supported 11 occupations, including production of oils, soap making, gathering (of leaves, fruits, nuts, and seeds), carving, and production of chewing sticks (for oral hygiene). The most promising occupations were vegetable oil production, production of chewing sticks, soap making, production of wines, gathering, and fuel wood and charcoal production. The average annual value of harvested wild plant products from the forest (including items consumed, sold, given out to neighbors, and damaged after harvest) per household was 1,614,133 naira (N1,614,133), or US$11,956.54; the annual net income generated from the harvest of wild plant products per household was N910,252 (US$6,742.61). The sustainability of the forests for the supply of wild plant products is precarious. In plant conservation programs, priority attention should be given first to species threatened with extinction and then to plants of limited distribution in natural forests. © 2005 National Association of Environmental Professionals.	None	household expenditure; rural economy; socioeconomic status	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879477200	Evaluating the Environmental Impacts of Poultry Farming on Stream Water Quality: A Study From Abeokuta, Nigeria: Balancing farming practices and environmental protection to promote human health	Taiwo A.M., Arowolo T.A., Adekunle I.M., Adetunji M.T.	2013	Environmental Quality Management	22	4	10.1002/tqem.21344	Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science and Soil Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Taiwo, A.M., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Arowolo, T.A., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adekunle, I.M., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adetunji, M.T., Department of Soil Science and Soil Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	environmental impact; environmental impact assessment; environmental protection; farming system; health care; poultry; river water; stream; water quality; Abeokuta; Nigeria; Ogun	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934987551	Chemical exposure reduction: Factors impacting on South African herbicide sprayers' personal protective equipment compliance and high risk work practices	Andrade-Rivas F., Rother H.-A.	2015	Environmental Research	142	None	10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.028	Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa; Universidad El Bosque, Research Vice-rectoray, Bogotá, Colombia	Andrade-Rivas, F., Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa, Universidad El Bosque, Research Vice-rectoray, Bogotá, Colombia; Rother, H.-A., Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	The high exposure risks of workers to herbicides in low- and middle-income countries is an important public health concern because of the potential resulting negative impacts on workers' health. This study investigated workers' personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance as a risk mitigation measure; particularly workers who apply herbicides for Working for Water (WfW) - a South African invasive alien vegetation control programme. The study aim was to understand workers' low PPE compliance by analysing their risk perceptions of herbicide use, working conditions and socio-cultural context. Research methods included ethnographic observations, informal interviews, visual media, questionnaires and a focus group. Study results indicated that low PPE compliance persists despite workers' awareness of herbicide exposure risks and as a result of the influence from workers' socio-cultural context (i.e. gender dynamics and social status), herbicide risk perceptions and working conditions (i.e. environmental and logistical). Interestingly, teams comprised of mostly women had the highest compliance rate. These findings highlighted that given the complexity of PPE compliance, especially in countries with several economic and social constraints, exposure reduction interventions should not rely solely on PPE use promotion. Instead, other control strategies requiring less worker input for effectiveness should be implemented, such as elimination and substitution of highly hazardous pesticides, and altering application methods. © 2015 The Authors.	Gender; Personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance; Pesticide risk management; Pesticides; Risk perception	herbicide; herbicide; compliance; health risk; herbicide; invasive species; pollution exposure; public health; risk assessment; risk perception; Article; awareness; control strategy; ethnography; female; gender; harm reduction; high risk behavior; human; male; mental compliance; normal human; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; occupational health; occupational safety; pesticide spraying; priority journal; protective equipment; questionnaire; research; risk assessment; risk reduction; social class; social status; South African; work environment; agricultural worker; analysis; occupational exposure; practice guideline; prevention and control; psychology; risk management; sex difference; social aspects and related phenomena; South Africa; standards; South Africa; Farmers; Female; Guideline Adherence; Herbicides; Humans; Male; Occupational Exposure; Personal Protective Equipment; Risk Management; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sex Factors; Sociological Factors; South Africa; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749990905	The impact of aerial application of organophosphates on the cholinesterase levels of rural residents in the Vaalharts district, Northern Cape Province, South Africa	Dalvie M.A., London L.	2006	Environmental Research	102	3	10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.008	Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Dalvie, M.A., Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; London, L., Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	A cluster of Guillaine-Barre syndrome cases in the Vaalharts region, South Africa prompted an investigation of the impact of aerial organophosphate spraying on cholinesterase levels of residents in the region. A prospective study of cholinesterase levels among residents and workers in the area and a control area was performed. Standardized red blood cell cholinesterase levels amongst participants were monitored before (round 1), during (round 2), and after (round 3) the 1996/1997 aerial spraying season. Participants were assigned environmental exposure categories based on the time since (within 10 or 30 days) and distance from (on farm, on neighboring farm, &lt;10 km from farm) aerial pesticide application. There were 342 participants in round 1, of whom 78% participated in round 2, 62% in round 3, and 56% in all three rounds. There was an increase in cholinesterase levels in round 2 (mean increase=5.96±6.25 IU/g hemoglobin) and then a decrease in round 3 (6.17±6.51), significantly associated with environmental exposure (participants living on farm or neighboring farm and &lt;10 km from spraying area) controlling for age, gender, alcohol dependence, and usual and recent domestic and occupational pesticide use (e.g., for round 2-round 1 cholinesterase differences, over(β, ^) (exposed group relative to unexposed)=5.72±1.21 IU/g hemoglobin, P = 0.000, R2 = 0.27, n = 171). The results show a shift in cholinesterase levels associated with residence in the spraying area, but in the direction opposite to that expected from the spraying of pesticides. Seasonal fluctuations in ambient temperature during the study may have influenced the results. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Aerial; Cholinesterase; Neurotoxic; Organophosphate; Pesticides	organophosphate; pesticide; enzyme activity; farm; organophosphate; rural society; adult; alcoholism; article; cholinesterase blood level; controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental temperature; erythrocyte; female; hemoglobin blood level; human; male; neurotoxicity; priority journal; rural area; season; sex difference; South Africa; Adult; Cholinesterases; Environmental Exposure; Erythrocytes; Female; Geography; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pesticides; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; South Africa; Africa; Cape Province; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885866082	Halogenated pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs: Converging patterns of pollutant profiles, and impacts and risks from high levels	Bouwman H., Viljoen I.M., Quinn L.P., Polder A.	2013	Environmental Research	126	None	10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.003	Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway	Bouwman, H., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Viljoen, I.M., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Quinn, L.P., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Polder, A., The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway	We investigated the presence, levels, relationships, and risks of HCHs, DDTs, chlordanes, mirex, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs from an area in South Africa where DDT is used for malaria control. We found one of the highest σDDT levels reported this century; 13. 000. ng/g. wm (wet mass) in Grey Heron eggs which exceeds critical levels for reproductive success (3000. ng/g. wm) calculated for Brown Pelicans, with a no-effect level estimated at 500. ng/g. wm. Even higher σDDT levels at 16. 000. ng/g. wm were found in House Sparrow eggs (possibly the highest ever recorded for sparrows), with a maximum of 24. 400. ng/g. wm. Significant eggshell thinning in Cattle Egrets (33% between thickest and thinnest) was associated with increased levels of p,. p'-DDT and p,. p'-DDE. There were indications of unknown use of DDT and lindane. Relative to DDT, PCBs and BFRs levels were quite low. Ordinated data showed that different terrestrial pollutant profiles converged to a homogenised aquatic profile. Converging profiles, high levels of DDT in heron and sparrow eggs, and thinning eggs shells, indicate risk and impacts at release, in the aquatic environment, and in between. If characteristic life-strategies of birds in warm areas (e.g. longer-lived and fewer eggs per clutch) increases the risk compared with similar birds living in colder regions when both experience the same environmental pollutant levels, then malaria control using DDT probably has more significant impacts on biota than previously realised. Therefore, risk assessment and modelling without hard data may miss crucial impacts and risks, as the chemical use patterns and ecologies in Africa and elsewhere may differ from the conditions and assumptions of existing risk assessment and modelling parameters. Consideration of other findings associated with DDT from the same area (intersex in fish and urogental birth defects in baby boys), together with the findings of this study (high levels of DDT in bird eggs, eggshell thinning in the Cattle Egrets, and the apparent absence of breeding piscivore birds in the sprayed area) are strongly suggestive of negative impacts from DDT spraying for Malaria control. Our data presents strong arguments for an expedited process of replacing DDT with sustainable methods. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Bird eggs; DDT; Eggshell thinning; Indoor residual spraying; Malaria control; South Africa	bromine derivative; chlorphenotane; flame retardant; lindane; mirex; polychlorinated biphenyl derivative; aquatic environment; biota; bird; breeding; data set; DDT; eggshell; HCH; malaria; piscivore; pollutant; reproductive success; risk assessment; air pollutant; aquatic environment; aquatic species; article; birth defect; breeding; egg; egg shell; halogenation; malaria control; nonhuman; Passer domesticus; priority journal; reproductive success; risk assessment; soil pollutant; South Africa; terrestrial species; South Africa; Ardea cinerea; Aves; Bubulcus; Passer domesticus; Passeridae; Pelecanus occidentalis; Bird eggs; DDT; Eggshell thinning; Indoor residual spraying; Malaria control; South Africa; Animals; Birds; Environmental Pollutants; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Multivariate Analysis; Ovum; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880859450	Implications of regional improvement in global climate models for agricultural impact research	Ramirez-Villegas J., Challinor A.J., Thornton P.K., Jarvis A.	2013	Environmental Research Letters	8	2	10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024018	International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Ramirez-Villegas, J., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Challinor, A.J., CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Thornton, P.K., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Jarvis, A., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark	Global climate models (GCMs) have become increasingly important for climate change science and provide the basis for most impact studies. Since impact models are highly sensitive to input climate data, GCM skill is crucial for getting better short-, medium- and long-term outlooks for agricultural production and food security. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 ensemble is likely to underpin the majority of climate impact assessments over the next few years. We assess 24 CMIP3 and 26 CMIP5 simulations of present climate against climate observations for five tropical regions, as well as regional improvements in model skill and, through literature review, the sensitivities of impact estimates to model error. Climatological means of seasonal mean temperatures depict mean errors between 1 and 18 ° C (2-130% with respect to mean), whereas seasonal precipitation and wet-day frequency depict larger errors, often offsetting observed means and variability beyond 100%. Simulated interannual climate variability in GCMs warrants particular attention, given that no single GCM matches observations in more than 30% of the areas for monthly precipitation and wet-day frequency, 50% for diurnal range and 70% for mean temperatures. We report improvements in mean climate skill of 5-15% for climatological mean temperatures, 3-5% for diurnal range and 1-2% in precipitation. At these improvement rates, we estimate that at least 5-30 years of CMIP work is required to improve regional temperature simulations and at least 30-50 years for precipitation simulations, for these to be directly input into impact models. We conclude with some recommendations for the use of CMIP5 in agricultural impact studies. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.	adaptation; agriculture; climate change; climate model; skill	Agriculture; Climate change; Computer simulation; Errors; Food supply; Isomers; adaptation; Agricultural productions; Climate impact assessment; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; Interannual climate variability; Seasonal precipitations; skill; Temperature simulations; Climate models; adaptive management; agricultural practice; annual variation; climate modeling; climate variation; climatology; ecological impact; global climate; literature review; technological development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912108788	The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global climate	Schaefer K., Lantuit H., Romanovsky V.E., Schuur E.A.G., Witt R.	2014	Environmental Research Letters	9	8	10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085003	National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43 Potsdam, Germany; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, United States; Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Early Warning and Assessment, United Nations Environmental Programme, PO Box 30552-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany	Schaefer, K., National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Lantuit, H., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43 Potsdam, Germany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Romanovsky, V.E., Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Schuur, E.A.G., Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Witt, R., Division of Early Warning and Assessment, United Nations Environmental Programme, PO Box 30552-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Degrading permafrost can alter ecosystems, damage infrastructure, and release enough carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) and methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) to influence global climate. The permafrost carbon feedback (PCF) is the amplification of surface warming due to CO<inf>2</inf> and CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from thawing permafrost. An analysis of available estimates PCF strength and timing indicate 120α85 Gt of carbon emissions from thawing permafrost by 2100. This is equivalent to 5.7α4.0% of total anthropogenic emissions for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario and would increase global temperatures by 0.29α0.21 °C or 7.8α5.7%. For RCP4.5, the scenario closest to the 2 °C warming target for the climate change treaty, the range of cumulative emissions in 2100 from thawing permafrost decreases to between 27 and 100 Gt C with temperature increases between 0.05 and 0.15 °C, but the relative fraction of permafrost to total emissions increases to between 3% and 11%. Any substantial warming results in a committed, long-term carbon release from thawing permafrost with 60% of emissions occurring after 2100, indicating that not accounting for permafrost emissions risks overshooting the 2 °C warming target. Climate projections in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), and any emissions targets based on those projections, do not adequately account for emissions from thawing permafrost and the effects of the PCF on global climate. We recommend the IPCC commission a special assessment focusing on the PCF and its impact on global climate to supplement the AR5 in support of treaty negotiation. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.	global climate; permafrost; permafrost carbon feedback	Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Global warming; Methane; Permafrost; Taxation; Thawing; Anthropogenic emissions; Climate projection; Cumulative emissions; Global climates; Global temperatures; Intergovernmental panel on climate changes; Temperature increase; Treaty negotiations; Climate change; anthropogenic effect; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; global climate; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; methane; permafrost; thawing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880666796	Exploring different forest definitions and their impact on developing REDD+ reference emission levels: A case study for Indonesia	Romijn E., Ainembabazi J.H., Wijaya A., Herold M., Angelsen A., Verchot L., Murdiyarso D.	2013	Environmental Science and Policy	33	None	10.1016/j.envsci.2013.06.002	Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Po Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Po Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Po Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway	Romijn, E., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Ainembabazi, J.H., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Po Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Wijaya, A., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Herold, M., Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Po Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Angelsen, A., School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Po Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway; Verchot, L., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Murdiyarso, D., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia	Developing countries participating in the mitigation mechanism of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+), need to determine a national forest reference emission level (REL) as part of their national monitoring system, which serves as a benchmark to measure the impact of their REDD+ actions. Using data from Indonesia, we show that the choice of a forest definition can have a large impact on estimates of deforestation and forest degradation areas, on assessment of drivers of deforestation and on the development of a REL. The total area of deforestation between 2000 and 2009 was 4.9 million ha when using the FAO definition, 18% higher when using a 'natural forest definition' and 27% higher when using the national definition. Using the national and natural forest definitions, large areas (&gt;50%) were classified as shrubland after deforestation. We used regression models to predict future deforestation. Deforestation was much better predicted than degradation (R2 of 0.81 vs. 0.52), with the natural forest definition giving the best prediction. Apart from historical deforestation and initial forest cover, gross domestic product and human population were important predictors of future deforestation in Indonesia. Degradation processes were less well modeled and predictions relied on estimates of historical degradation and forest cover. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Deforestation drivers; Degradation; Forest greenhouse gases emissions; Monitoring; Tropical forest	article; carbon footprint; case study; controlled study; deforestation; degradation; environmental impact; forest; greenhouse gas; gross national product; Indonesia; priority journal; scrub; tropical rain forest	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645850125	Dynamics of grazing policy and practice: Environmental and social impacts in three communal areas of southern Africa	Rohde R.F., Moleele N.M., Mphale M., Allsopp N., Chanda R., Hoffman M.T., Magole L., Young E.	2006	Environmental Science and Policy	9	3	10.1016/j.envsci.2005.11.009	Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Department of Sociology, University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; ARC-Range and Forage Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom; 11 Belmont Avenue, Cape Town 8001, South Africa	Rohde, R.F., Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 11 Belmont Avenue, Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Moleele, N.M., GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Mphale, M., Department of Sociology, University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Allsopp, N., ARC-Range and Forage Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Chanda, R., Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Magole, L., GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Young, E., Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom	This paper traces the history of grazing policy, its conceptual basis, practical implementations and outcomes, in three southern African countries. In spite of the divergent environmental conditions facing pastoralists in the Highlands of Lesotho, Botswana's southern Kalahari and the Namaqualand succulent karoo in South Africa, they have all been subjected to similar grazing and rangeland management policies. The theoretical underpinnings of such policies have their origins in a development paradigm and ecological theory derived from northern temperate environments and are directly related to two persistent and powerful narratives: 'land degradation' and 'the tragedy of the commons'. Policy and development initiatives were implemented in order to overcome the perceived causes of these negative scenarios, such as overstocking, open access tenure and low output subsistence production. They typically ignored the multi-purpose goals of traditional pastoral systems and emphasized commercialisation of livestock farming and privatisation of communal land, which resulted in the weakening or destruction of local, traditional land management institutions. Such policies have survived the transitions from colonial rule to independence and from apartheid to democracy. We argue that these powerful and pervasive ideas, when applied to grazing policies, have caused the very problems they were formulated to prevent. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Communal land; Pastoralism; Rangeland ecology; Rangeland management	agricultural worker; article; commercial phenomena; environmental impact; environmental sustainability; government regulation; grazing management; land use; livestock; political system; priority journal; program development; socioeconomics; South Africa; sustainable agriculture; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955709861	Traffic impacts on PM2.5 air quality in Nairobi, Kenya	Kinney P.L., Gichuru M.G., Volavka-Close N., Ngo N., Ndiba P.K., Law A., Gachanja A., Gaita S.M., Chillrud S.N., Sclar E.	2011	Environmental Science and Policy	14	4	10.1016/j.envsci.2011.02.005	Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O., Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 520, New York, NY 10115, United States; Columbia University, Sustainable Development in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of International and Public Affairs, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O.. Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States	Kinney, P.L., Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Gichuru, M.G., Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O., Nairobi, Kenya; Volavka-Close, N., Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 520, New York, NY 10115, United States; Ngo, N., Columbia University, Sustainable Development in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of International and Public Affairs, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States; Ndiba, P.K., Department of Civil Engineering, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O.. Nairobi, Kenya; Law, A., Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Gachanja, A., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Gaita, S.M., Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O., Nairobi, Kenya; Chillrud, S.N., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States; Sclar, E., Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 520, New York, NY 10115, United States, Columbia University, Sustainable Development in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of International and Public Affairs, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States	Motor vehicle traffic is an important source of particulate pollution in cities of the developing world, where rapid growth, coupled with a lack of effective transport and land use planning, may result in harmful levels of fine particles (PM2.5) in the air. However, a lack of air monitoring data hinders health impact assessments and the development of transportation and land use policies that could reduce health burdens due to outdoor air pollution. To address this important need, a study of traffic-related PM2.5 was carried out in the city of Nairobi, Kenya, a model city for sub-Saharan Africa, in July 2009. Sampling was carried out using portable filter-based air samplers carried in backpacks by technicians on weekdays over two weeks at several sites in and around Nairobi ranging from high-traffic roadways to rural background. Mean daytime concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 10.7 at the rural background site to 98.1μg/m3 on a sidewalk in the central business district. Horizontal dispersion measurements demonstrated a decrease in PM2.5 concentration from 128.7 to 18.7μg/m3 over 100m downwind of a major intersection in Nairobi. A vertical dispersion experiment revealed a decrease from 119.5μg/m3 at street level to 42.8μg/m3 on a third-floor rooftop in the central business district. Though not directly comparable to air quality guidelines, which are based on 24-h or annual averages, the urban concentrations we observed raise concern with regard to public health and related policy. Taken together with survey data on commuting patterns within Nairobi, these results suggest that many Nairobi residents are exposed on a regular basis to elevated concentrations of fine particle air pollution, with potentially serious long-term implications for health. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Health; Nairobi; Outdoor air quality; Sub-Saharan Africa; Transport; Urban	air monitoring; air particle control; air pollution; air quality; air sampling; airborne particle; article; atmospheric dispersion; controlled study; human; Kenya; priority journal; traffic	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922418256	Comparative study on the impact of copper sulphate and copper nitrate on the detoxification mechanisms in typha latifolia	Lyubenova L., Bipuah H., Belford E., Michalke B., Winkler B., Schröder P.	2015	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	22	1	10.1007/s11356-014-3402-x	Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Theoretieal and Applied Biology, College of Seienee, Kwame Nkrumah University of Seienee and Teehnology, Kumasi, Ghana; German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Eeologieal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Environmental Simulation, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health,Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany	Lyubenova, L., Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Bipuah, H., Department of Theoretieal and Applied Biology, College of Seienee, Kwame Nkrumah University of Seienee and Teehnology, Kumasi, Ghana; Belford, E., Department of Theoretieal and Applied Biology, College of Seienee, Kwame Nkrumah University of Seienee and Teehnology, Kumasi, Ghana; Michalke, B., German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Eeologieal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Winkler, B., Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Environmental Simulation, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health,Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Schröder, P., Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany	The present study focused on cupric sulphate and cupric nitrate uptake in Typha latifolia and the impact of these copper species on the plant's detoxification capacity. When the plants were exposed to 10, 50 and 100 (oMcupric sulphate or cupric nitrate, copper accumulation in T. latifolia roots and shoots increased with rising concentration of the salts. Shoot to root ratios differed significantly depending on the form of copper supplementation, e.g. if it was added as cupric (II) sulphate or cupric (II) nitrate. After incubation with 100 \iM of cupric sulphate, up to 450 mg Cu/kg fresh weight (FW) was accumulated, whereas the same concentration of cupric nitrate resulted in accumulation of 580 mg/kg FW. Furthermore, significant differences in the activity of some antioxidative enzymes in Typha roots compared to the shoots, which are essential in the plant's reaction to cope with metal stress, were observed. The activity of peroxidase (POX) in roots was increased at intermediate concentrations (10 and 50 |oM) of CuSO<inf>4</inf>, whereas it was inhibited at the same Cu(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf> concentrations. Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) increased their enzyme activity intensely, which may be an indication for copper toxicity in T latifolia plants. Besides, fluorodifen conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) was increased up to. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.	Antioxidative enzymes; Cupric nitrate; Cupric sulphate; Typha latifolia	concentration (composition); copper compound; detoxification; enzyme activity; monocotyledon; nitrate; reaction kinetics; sulfate; toxicity; Typha; Typha latifolia	FA0995, DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939872175	Impact of gold mining associated with mercury contamination in soil, biota sediments and tailings in Kenya	Odumo B.O., Carbonell G., Angeyo H.K., Patel J.P., Torrijos M., Rodríguez Martín J.A.	2014	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	21	21	10.1007/s11356-014-3190-3	Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain	Odumo, B.O., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Carbonell, G., Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain; Angeyo, H.K., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Patel, J.P., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Torrijos, M., Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain; Rodríguez Martín, J.A., Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain	This work considered the environmental impact of artisanal mining gold activity in the Migori–Transmara area (Kenya). From artisanal gold mining, mercury is released to the environment, thus contributing to degradation of soil and water bodies. High mercury contents have been quantified in soil (140 μg kg−1), sediment (430 μg kg−1) and tailings (8,900 μg kg−1), as expected. The results reveal that the mechanism for transporting mercury to the terrestrial ecosystem is associated with wet and dry depositions. Lichens and mosses, used as bioindicators of pollution, are related to the proximity to mining areas. The further the distance from mining areas, the lower the mercury levels. This study also provides risk maps to evaluate potential negative repercussions. We conclude that the Migori–Transmara region can be considered a strongly polluted area with high mercury contents. The technology used to extract gold throughout amalgamation processes causes a high degree of mercury pollution around this gold mining area. Thus, alternative gold extraction methods should be considered to reduce mercury levels that can be released to the environment. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Bioindicators; Kenya gold mining; Mercury pollution; Multivariate geostatistics; Spatial variation; Topsoils	biological marker; gold; mercury; soil; soil pollutant; waste; analysis; chemistry; environment; environmental monitoring; Kenya; lichen (organism); mining; moss; procedures; sediment; soil; soil pollutant; statistics and numerical data; waste; Biological Markers; Bryophyta; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Gold; Kenya; Lichens; Mercury; Mining; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Waste Products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052719010	High compliance randomized controlled field trial of solar disinfection of drinking water and its impact on childhood diarrhea in rural Cambodia	McGuigan K.G., Samaiyar P., Du Preez M., Conroy R.M.	2011	Environmental Science and Technology	45	18	10.1021/es201313x	Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; CARE International in Cambodia (CIC), House 52 Street 352, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa; Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland	McGuigan, K.G., Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Samaiyar, P., CARE International in Cambodia (CIC), House 52 Street 352, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Du Preez, M., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa; Conroy, R.M., Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland	Recent solar disinfection (SODIS) studies in Bolivia and South Africa have reported compliance rates below 35% resulting in no overall statistically significant benefit associated with disease rates. In this study, we report the results of a 1 year randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of SODIS of drinking water on the incidence of dysentery and nondysentery diarrhea among children of age 6 months to 5 years living in rural communities in Cambodia. We compared 426 children in 375 households using SODIS with 502 children in 407 households with no intervention. Study compliance was greater than 90% with only 5% of children having less than 10 months of follow-up and 2.3% having less than 6 months. Adjusted for water source type, children in the SODIS group had a reduced incidence of dysentery, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.50 (95% CI 0.27-0.93, p = 0.029). SODIS also had a protective effect against nondysentery diarrhea, with an IRR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.29-0.48, p < 0.001). This study suggests strongly that SODIS is an effective and culturally acceptable point-of-use water treatment method in the culture of rural Cambodia and may be of benefit among similar communities in neighboring South East Asian countries. © 2011 American Chemical Society.	None	Cambodia; East Asian countries; Field trial; Incidence rate; Point-of-use; Protective effects; Randomized controlled trial; Rural community; Solar disinfection; South Africa; Treatment methods; Water source; Disinfection; Water treatment; Potable water; drinking water; child health; compliance; diarrheal disease; disinfection; drinking water; rural area; solar power; water treatment; article; Cambodia; child; childhood disease; comparative study; controlled study; diarrhea; disinfection; dysentery; follow up; human; incidence; infant; major clinical study; preschool child; randomized controlled trial; randomized controlled trial (topic); solar disinfection; water supply; Cambodia; Child, Preschool; Colony Count, Microbial; Cooperative Behavior; Diarrhea; Disinfection; Drinking Water; Dysentery; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Rural Population; Sunlight; Water Purification; Bolivia; Cambodia; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881436427	Performance characteristics of qPCR assays targeting human- and ruminant-associated bacteroidetes for microbial source tracking across sixteen countries on six continents	Reischer G.H., Ebdon J.E., Bauer J.M., Schuster N., Ahmed W., Åström J., Blanch A.R., Blöschl G., Byamukama D., Coakley T., Ferguson C., Goshu G., Ko G., De Roda Husman A.M., Mushi D., Poma R., Pradhan B., Rajal V., Schade M.A., Sommer R., Taylor H., Toth	2013	Environmental Science and Technology	47	15	10.1021/es304367t	Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; InterUniversity Cooperation Centre Water and Health, Vienna, Austria; Environment and Public Health Research Unit, School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom; CSIRO Land and Water, Brisbane, Australia; Water and Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, St.Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biochemistry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; ALS Water Sciences Group, Sydney, Australia; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Blue Nile Water Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands; Sokoine University, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones Para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad National de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Bavarian Environment Agency, Munich, Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Biological Institute, Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Veterinary State Laboratory, Tulcea, Romania; University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States	Reischer, G.H., Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, InterUniversity Cooperation Centre Water and Health, Vienna, Austria; Ebdon, J.E., Environment and Public Health Research Unit, School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom; Bauer, J.M., Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Schuster, N., Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Ahmed, W., CSIRO Land and Water, Brisbane, Australia; Åström, J., Water and Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, St.Gothenburg, Sweden; Blanch, A.R., Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Blöschl, G., Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Byamukama, D., Department of Biochemistry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Coakley, T., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Ferguson, C., ALS Water Sciences Group, Sydney, Australia; Goshu, G., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Blue Nile Water Institute, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia; Ko, G., Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; De Roda Husman, A.M., National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands; Mushi, D., Sokoine University, Morogoro, Tanzania; Poma, R., Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones Para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad National de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Pradhan, B., Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Rajal, V., Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones Para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad National de Salta, Salta, Argentina; Schade, M.A., Bavarian Environment Agency, Munich, Germany; Sommer, R., InterUniversity Cooperation Centre Water and Health, Vienna, Austria, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Hygiene, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Taylor, H., Environment and Public Health Research Unit, School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom; Toth, E.M., Biological Institute, Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Vrajmasu, V., Veterinary State Laboratory, Tulcea, Romania; Wuertz, S., University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States; MacH, R.L., Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Farnleitner, A.H., Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, InterUniversity Cooperation Centre Water and Health, Vienna, Austria	Numerous quantitative PCR assays for microbial fecal source tracking (MST) have been developed and evaluated in recent years. Widespread application has been hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding the geographical stability and hence applicability of such methods beyond the regional level. This study assessed the performance of five previously reported quantitative PCR assays targeting human-, cattle-, or ruminant-associated Bacteroidetes populations on 280 human and animal fecal samples from 16 countries across six continents. The tested cattle-associated markers were shown to be ruminant-associated. The quantitative distributions of marker concentrations in target and nontarget samples proved to be essential for the assessment of assay performance and were used to establish a new metric for quantitative source-specificity. In general, this study demonstrates that stable target populations required for marker-based MST occur around the globe. Ruminant-associated marker concentrations were strongly correlated with total intestinal Bacteroidetes populations and with each other, indicating that the detected ruminant-associated populations seem to be part of the intestinal core microbiome of ruminants worldwide. Consequently tested ruminant-targeted assays appear to be suitable quantitative MST tools beyond the regional level while the targeted human-associated populations seem to be less prevalent and stable, suggesting potential for improvements in human-targeted methods. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	None	Bacteroidetes; Fecal samples; Fecal sources; Microbial source tracking; Performance characteristics; Quantitative PCR; Regional levels; Target and non targets; Mammals; Polymerase chain reaction; Assays; bacterium; cattle; feces; performance assessment; polymerase chain reaction; ruminant; article; Bacteroidetes; bovids; cattle; correlation analysis; deer; DNA degradation; donkey; feces analysis; genetic marker; goat; horse; kangaroo; microbial identification; microbial source tracking; microbiome; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; practice guideline; quantitative analysis; sensitivity and specificity; sheep; swine; wild boar; woodchuck; Animals; Bacteroidetes; Feces; Humans; Internationality; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ruminants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054710691	Greenhouse gas emission evaluation of the GTL pathway	Forman G.S., Hahn T.E., Jensen S.D.	2011	Environmental Science and Technology	45	20	10.1021/es202101b	Sasol Synfuels International, Sasol North America, 900 Threadneedle, Houston, TX 77079-2990, United States; Sasol Synfuels International, 33 Baker Street, Rosebank 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa; Baker and o'Brien, Inc., 12221 Merit Drive, Dallas, TX 75251, United States	Forman, G.S., Sasol Synfuels International, Sasol North America, 900 Threadneedle, Houston, TX 77079-2990, United States; Hahn, T.E., Sasol Synfuels International, 33 Baker Street, Rosebank 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa; Jensen, S.D., Baker and o'Brien, Inc., 12221 Merit Drive, Dallas, TX 75251, United States	Gas to liquids (GTL) products have the potential to replace petroleum-derived products, but the efficacy with which any sustainability goals can be achieved is dependent on the lifecycle impacts of the GTL pathway. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally established tool (with GHG emissions as a subset) to estimate these impacts. Although the International Standard Organization's ISO 14040 standard advocates the system boundary expansion method (also known as the "displacement method" or the "substitution method") for life-cycle analyses, application of this method for the GTL pathway has been limited until now because of the difficulty in quantifying potential products to be displaced by GTL coproducts. In this paper, we use LCA methodology to establish the most comprehensive GHG emissions evaluation to date of the GTL pathway. The influence of coproduct credit methods on the GTL GHG emissions results using substitution methodology is estimated to afford the Well-to-Wheels (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of GTL Diesel. These results are compared to results using energy-based allocation methods of reference GTL diesel and petroleum-diesel pathways. When substitution methodology is used, the resulting WTW GHG emissions of the GTL pathway are lower than petroleum diesel references. In terms of net GHGs, an interesting way to further reduce GHG emissions is to blend GTL diesel in refineries with heavy crudes that require severe hydrotreating, such as Venezuelan heavy crude oil or bitumen derived from Canadian oil sands and in jurisdictions with tight aromatic specifications for diesel, such as California. These results highlight the limitation of using the energy allocation approach for situations where coproduct GHG emissions reductions are downstream from the production phase. © 2011 American Chemical Society.	None	Allocation methods; California; Co-products; Coproduct; Displacement method; Energy allocations; Gas to liquids; GHG emission; Heavy crude oil; Heavy crudes; Hydrotreating; International standard organizations; Life cycle analysis; Life-cycle assessments; Petroleum diesel; Production phase; Substitution method; System boundary expansion; Crude oil; Gas emissions; Global warming; Life cycle; Oil sands; Greenhouse gases; diesel fuel; bitumen; carbon emission; crude oil; diesel; energy resource; greenhouse gas; heavy oil; life cycle analysis; oil sand; sustainability; article; carbon footprint; diesel engine; greenhouse gas; life cycle assessment; methodology; Air Pollution; Conservation of Energy Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Gasoline; Greenhouse Effect; California; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908161323	The impact of biochar on the bioaccessibility of 14C-phenanthrene in aged soil	Ogbonnaya O.U., Adebisi O.O., Semple K.T.	2014	Environmental Sciences: Processes and Impacts	16	11	10.1039/c4em00396a	EcoSystems Environmental Management Services Ltd, 8 Rasheed Alaba Williams Street, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki-Peninsula, Lagos, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Department of Microbiology, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria; Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Ce	Ogbonnaya, O.U., EcoSystems Environmental Management Services Ltd, 8 Rasheed Alaba Williams Street, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki-Peninsula, Lagos, Nigeria, Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Adebisi, O.O., University of Ilorin, Department of Microbiology, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria, Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Semple, K.T., Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom	Biochar is a carbon rich product from the incomplete combustion of biomass and it has been shown to reduce bioavailability of organic contaminants through adsorption. This study investigated the influence of 0%, 1%, 5% and 10% of two different particle sized wood biochars (≤2 mm and 3-7 mm) on the bioaccessibility of 14C-phenanthrene (10 mg kg-1) in aged soil. The extent of 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation by phenanthrene-degrading Pseudomonas sp. inoculum was monitored over a 14 day period in respirometric assays and compared to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) aqueous extraction. Notably, biochar amendments showed significant reduction in extents of mineralisation and HPCD extraction. Linear correlations between HPCD extractability and the total amount mineralised revealed good correlations, with 2 mm biochar showing a best fit (r2 = 0.97, slope = 1.11, intercept = 1.72). Biochar reduced HPCD extractability and bioaccessibility of 14C-phenanthrene to microorganisms in a similar manner. Biochar can aid risk reduction to phenanthrene exposure to biota in soil and HPCD can serve as a useful tool to assess the extent of exposure in biochar-amended soils. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.	None	2 hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin; adsorbent; biochar; phenanthrene c 14; radioisotope; unclassified drug; biochar; charcoal; phenanthrene; phenanthrene derivative; soil; soil pollutant; aged soil; aqueous solution; Article; bioaccessibility; biomineralization; controlled study; extraction; nonhuman; Pseudomonas; reduction; respirometry; soil; soil amendment; soil inoculation; analysis; bioremediation; chemistry; microbiology; soil; soil pollutant; Biodegradation, Environmental; Charcoal; Phenanthrenes; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958809090	Evaluation of snail shell as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of aniline blue from aqueous solution	Oladoja N.A., Aliu Y.D., Ofomaja A.E.	2011	Environmental Technology	32	6	10.1080/09593330.2010.509868	Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Oladoja, N.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Aliu, Y.D., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Ofomaja, A.E., Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The present studies aimed to evaluate the potential of snail shell (SS) as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of aniline blue (AB), an acid dye, from an aqueous system. The proximate physico-chemical characteristics of the SS were determined, and the results obtained showed that the pHsolution was 8.01, the SS was made up of a high fraction of inorganic constituents (ash content of 93.76%), Ca2+ was present as the major metal ion (99.74%), and the point of zero charge (PZC) was found to be at pH 7.9. The mineralogical assemblage was studied using an X-ray diffractometer, and the results obtained revealed the presence of aragonite. The stability and leaching of the SS, tested in different aqueous media (acidic, basic and neutral solutions) showed that the SS was less stable in the acidic medium. Both alum and SS were used, differently, for dye precipitation. The use of alum alone showed no precipitating effect on the AB dye molecules, whereas SS alone was able to reduce the dye concentration considerably. When the SS was used as a coagulant aid in alum precipitation, the percentage of the AB dye molecule removed increased. The effects of some process variables (coagulant/coagulant aid dosage, pH and flocculation time) were optimized by the method of continuous variation. The results obtained showed that an appreciable amount of the AB dye molecules was abstracted across the pH range, but the highest value was achieved at the lowest pH values. Studies on the effect of time on the flocculation of the precipitated AB molecule showed that the problem of redispersion and restabilization encountered in alum precipitation could be overcome using an alum-SS combination. The settling characteristics of the sludge obtained from the use of SS alone and an alum-SS combination were studied by measuring the sludge volume index (SVI, mg/g) over time. The value of the SVI showed that the sludge produced from the alum-SS combination had better settling characteristics than the sludge from the use of SS alone. Subsequent to the results obtained from the present studies, the use of the SS as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of the anionic dye as a unit process tertiary method of treatment in a suspended-growth wastewater treatment system was proposed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	alum; aniline blue; coagulation; flocculation; snail shell; wastewater	Acid dye; Acidic mediums; alum; aniline blue; Anionic dye; Aqueous media; Aqueous system; Ash contents; Dye concentration; Dye molecule; Major metal; Neutral solution; pH range; pH value; Physicochemical characteristics; Point of zero charge; Process Variables; Redispersions; Restabilization; Settling characteristics; Sludge volume index; snail shell; Unit process; Wastewater treatment system; X ray diffractometers; Aniline; Animals; Carbonate minerals; Flocculation; Leaching; Metal ions; Molecules; pH effects; Settling tanks; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Coagulation; aluminum; aniline blue; aniline derivative; calcium carbonate; calcium ion; metal ion; unclassified drug; aluminum oxide; aqueous solution; coagulation; dye; flocculation; physicochemical property; shell; snail; X-ray diffraction; article; flocculation; leaching; pH; physical chemistry; precipitation; sludge; snail; waste water management; X ray diffraction; Alum Compounds; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Flocculation; Fluorescent Dyes; Snails; Solutions; Water; X-Ray Diffraction; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922321935	Evaluation of the 5 and 8 pH point titration methods for monitoring anaerobic digesters treating solid waste	Vannecke T.P.W., Lampens D.R.A., Ekama G.A., Volcke E.I.P.	2015	Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)	36	7	10.1080/09593330.2014.964334	Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Vannecke, T.P.W., Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Lampens, D.R.A., Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ekama, G.A., Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Volcke, E.I.P., Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Simple titration methods certainly deserve consideration for on-site routine monitoring of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and alkalinity during anaerobic digestion (AD), because of their simplicity, speed and cost-effectiveness. In this study, the 5 and 8 pH point titration methods for measuring the VFA concentration and carbonate system alkalinity (H2CO3∗-alkalinity) were assessed and compared. For this purpose, synthetic solutions with known H2CO3∗-alkalinity and VFA concentration as well as samples from anaerobic digesters treating three different kind of solid wastes were analysed. The results of these two related titration methods were verified with photometric and high-pressure liquid chromatography measurements. It was shown that photometric measurements lead to overestimations of the VFA concentration in the case of coloured samples. In contrast, the 5 pH point titration method provides an accurate estimation of the VFA concentration, clearly corresponding with the true value. Concerning the H2CO3∗-alkalinity, the most accurate and precise estimations, showing very similar results for repeated measurements, were obtained using the 8 pH point titration. Overall, it was concluded that the 5 pH point titration method is the preferred method for the practical monitoring of AD of solid wastes due to its robustness, cost efficiency and user-friendliness. © 2014 Taylor and Francis.	Alkalinity; anaerobic digestion; monitoring; multiple pH-point titration; volatile fatty acids	acetic acid; bicarbonate; butyric acid; isobutyric acid; propionic acid; alkalinity; anoxic conditions; fatty acid; measurement method; monitoring; pH; solid waste; volatile substance; alkalinity; anaerobic digestion; Article; concentration (parameters); continuous stirred tank reactor; flow rate; high performance liquid chromatography; monitoring; municipal solid waste; pH; photometry; solid waste management; titrimetry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900560184	Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the jimma zone	Mekonen S., Ambelu A., Spanoghe P.	2014	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry	33	6	10.1002/etc.2554	Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mekonen, S., Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Spanoghe, P., Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Samples of maize, teff, red pepper, and coffee (green bean and coffee bean with pulp) were collected from a local market in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, DTT and its metabolites, and endosulfan (α, β). In the analytical procedure, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction methodology with dispersive solid phase extraction clean up (d-SPE) technique was applied. Validation of the QuEChERS method was satisfactory. Recovery percentages of most pesticides were in the range of 70% to 120%, with good repeatability (%relative standard deviation<20). The limit of detection and limit of quantification varied between 0.001μg/g and 0.092μg/g and between 0.002μg/g and 0.307μg/g, respectively. The main pesticides detected were DDT, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and permethrin. All of the pesticides analyzed were detected in red pepper and green coffee bean. Residues of DDT in coffee pulp significantly differed (p<0.01) from other food items except for red pepper. The concentration of pesticides in the food items varied from 0.011mg/kg to 1.115mg/kg. All food items contained 1 or more pesticides. Two-thirds of the samples had residues below corresponding maximum residue limits, and the remaining one-third of samples were above the maximum residue limits. These results indicate the need for a good pesticide monitoring program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1294-1302. © 2014 SETAC.	Pesticide residues; QuEChERS method; Red pepper; Staple food; Teff	Insecticides; Pesticide residue; Quechers; Red peppers; Staple food; Teff; Chemical contamination; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; chlorphenotane; chlorpyrifos; cypermethrin; deltamethrin; endosulfan; permethrin; pesticide residue; concentration (composition); food policy; food quality; food safety; pesticide; public health; risk assessment; sampling; article; coffee; Ethiopia; food analysis; food contamination; grass; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; maize; measurement repeatability; monitoring; priority journal; product safety; residue analysis; solid phase extraction; sweet pepper; teff; Ethiopia; Jimma; Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Eragrostis tef; Zea mays; Pesticide residues; QuEChERS method; Red pepper; Staple food; Teff; Ethiopia; Food Analysis; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Pesticide Residues; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18844369087	Combined effects of discharge, turbidity, and pesticides on mayfly behavior: Experimental evaluation of spray-drift and runoff scenarios	Dabrowski J.M., Bollen A., Schulz R.	2005	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry	24	6	10.1897/04-222R.1	Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Im Fort 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Resource Quality Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Private Bag X313, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Dabrowski, J.M., Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Resource Quality Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Private Bag X313, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Bollen, A., Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Schulz, R., Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Im Fort 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany	The effects of the pyrethroid-insecticide cypermethrin (CYP), increased flow speed (Flow), and increased suspended particles (Part) on drift behavior and activity of mayfly nymphs (Baetis harrisoni) were investigated both individually and in combination in a laboratory stream microcosm. Spray-drift trials were performed by exposing the nymphs to 1 μg/L of CYP. During runoff trials (CYP X Part), contaminated sediment containing 2,000 μg/kg of CYP was introduced to the microcosm at a concentration of 500 mg/L. Both trials were carried out under high-flow (CYP X Flow and CYP X Part X Flow) and low-flow (CYP and CYP X Part) conditions, and for all cases, control experiments were performed. Drift rate, drift density (for any treatments with increased flow), and activity were used as behavioral endpoints. Multifactorial analysis of variance shows that CYP exposure significantly increased the drift, whereas Part and Flow trials significantly decreased the drift (p < 0.05). In addition, activity decreased significantly under high-flow conditions. The CYP X Part and CYP X Flow treatments resulted in increased drift rate and drift density, respectively, whereas Part X Flow and CYP X Part X Flow treatments resulted in decreased drift density. The CYP X Part and CYP X Flow trials had a significant antagonistic, interactive effect on drift rate and drift density, respectively, with measured levels being lower than expected levels. The reduction in bioavailability of CYP in the presence of increased flow and sediment levels suggests that mayflies are more likely to be affected by spray-drift exposure (CYP) than by runoff exposure (CYP X Part X Flow). Results indicate that mayflies reacted actively in response to flow conditions and passively in response to pesticide exposure. © 2005 SETAC.	Drift; Flow; Microcosms; Pesticides; Suspended sediment	Contamination; Environmental protection; Flow patterns; Microorganisms; Sediments; Turbidity; Cypermethrins; High flow conditions; Mayfly nymphs; Multifactorial analysis; Pesticides; cipermethrin; pesticide; runoff; insecticide; analysis of variance; arthropod; article; bioavailability; concentration (parameters); flow rate; microcosm; nonhuman; particle resuspension; priority journal; sediment; solubility; turbidity; water contamination; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Insecticides; Insects; Nymph; Pyrethrins; South Africa; Water Movements; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Baetis; Baetis harrisoni; Ephemeroptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951976730	Evaluation of lead and mercury neurotoxic health risk by resident children in the Obuasi municipality, Ghana	Obiri S., Dodoo D.K., Armah F.A., Essumang D.K., Cobbina S.J.	2010	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	29	3	10.1016/j.etap.2010.01.001	CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Accra, Ghana; Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 695, Tamale, Ghana	Obiri, S., CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Accra, Ghana, Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dodoo, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Armah, F.A., Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana, Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Essumang, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Cobbina, S.J., CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 695, Tamale, Ghana	This study assesses neurotoxic effects associated with exposure to lead and mercury in borehole, tap and surface water by resident children in the Obuasi municipality in accordance with USEPA risk assessment guidelines. From the results of the study, the hazard quotient for oral ingestion of mercury in tap water in Obuasi is 7.4 and 15 respectively via both central tendency exposure (CTE) and reasonable maximum exposure (RME) parameters, respectively. This means that approximately 7 and 15 (by both CTE and RME parameters, respectively) resident children in Obuasi are likely to show neurologic effects associated with exposure to mercury and lead such as increased nervousness, loss of memory and/or decrease in concentration, impaired writing ability and tremor. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Ghana; Hazard quotient; Lead; Mercury; Neurotoxicity; Obuasi municipality; Resident children	lead; mercury; surface water; tap water; amnesia; article; concentration loss; controlled study; disease association; environmental exposure; fluid intake; Ghana; health hazard; lead poisoning; mercurialism; nervousness; neurotoxicity; priority journal; quality control; risk assessment; tremor; water sampling; writing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051578942	Evaluation of four Cameroonian medicinal plants for anticancer, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities	Mbaveng A.T., Kuete V., Mapunya B.M., Beng V.P., Nkengfack A.E., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2011	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	32	2	10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.006	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Mapunya, B.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Beng, V.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Nkengfack, A.E., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon	Methanol extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of four Cameroonian medicinal plants, Bersama engleriana, Cupressus lusitanica, Vitellaria paradoxa and Guibourtia tessmannii were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities. The XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay, the dilution method and reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was also conducted using standard methods. Results showed that all extracts contained compounds belonging to the classes of phenols and terpenoids. They were also able to reduce in dose dependent manner, the proliferation of the cancer THP-1, DU145, HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and the normal Vero cells. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were noted with extract from the three parts of B. engleriana on at least two of the five studied cancer cell lines, the lowest value of 5.9μg/ml being obtained with sample from the bark. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were also recorded with extracts from the leaves (on HeLa cells) and bark (on MCF-7) of G. tessmanii, and that from the bark of C. lusitanica on MCF-7. Extracts from B. engleriana and those from the bark of V. paradoxa gave the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values below 100μg/ml on most of the 10 tested Nesseria gonorrhoeae strains. Extracts from B. engleriana also inhibited more than 80% the activity of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) enzyme. Finally, the results of the present study provide baseline information for the use of B. engleriana, C. lusitanica, G. tessmanii, V. paradoxa. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-gonorrheal; Anti-reverse transcriptase; Anticancer; Medicinal plants	2,3 bis[2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl] 2h tetrazolium 5 carboxyanilide inner salt; anilide; anthraquinone derivative; antineoplastic agent; Bersama engleriana extract; Cupressus lusitanica extract; doxorubicin; flavonoid; Guibourtia tessmannii extract; methanol; phenol derivative; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; Vitellaria paradoxa extract; animal cell; antibacterial activity; antineoplastic activity; article; bacterial strain; bark; Bersama engleriana; Cameroon; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell strain DU145; cell strain HepG2; cell strain MCF 7; cell strain THP 1; concentration response; controlled study; Cupressus; Cupressus lusitanica; dilution; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; Guibourtia tessmannii; HeLa cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Vero cell; Vitellaria paradoxa; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cameroon; Cell Line, Tumor; Cercopithecus aethiops; Gonorrhea; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neoplasms; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Terpenes; Vero Cells; Bersama; Cupressus lusitanica; Guibourtia tessmannii; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955778908	The impact of the water rights system on smallholder irrigators' willingness to pay for water in Limpopo province, South Africa	Speelman S., Farolfi S., Frija A., D'Haese M., D'Haese L.	2010	Environment and Development Economics	15	4	10.1017/S1355770X10000161	Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; CIRAD, UMR G Eau, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium	Speelman, S., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Farolfi, S., CIRAD, UMR G Eau, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Frija, A., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; D'Haese, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; D'Haese, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium	Water rights are currently receiving increased attention from scholars and policymakers due to the growing understanding that ill-defined water rights impair efficient use. In South Africa, smallholder irrigation faces problems of low water use efficiency and cost recovery of government investments. This study uses contingent ranking to analyse the willingness to pay (WTP) of smallholder irrigators for changes in the water rights system. The results indicate that smallholders are prepared to pay considerably higher water prices if these are connected to improvements in the water rights system. By segmenting the population it was also shown that the importance attached to water rights dimensions varies in each segment. While lower institutional trust and lower income levels lead to a lower WTP for transferability, experiencing water shortage increases this WTP. Such information is valuable in guiding policy makers in the future design of water rights. © 2010 Cambridge University Press.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957467708	Wastewater use in crop production in peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa: Impacts on health in farm households	Weldesilassie A.B., Boelee E., Drechsel P., Dabbert S.	2011	Environment and Development Economics	16	1	10.1017/S1355770X1000029X	Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI), Near National Stadium Blue Building, P.O. Box 2479, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka; Hohenheim University, Institute 410A, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Weldesilassie, A.B., Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI), Near National Stadium Blue Building, P.O. Box 2479, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Boelee, E., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Drechsel, P., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka; Dabbert, S., Hohenheim University, Institute 410A, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Using stream water polluted with untreated wastewater in agriculture is controversial due to its combination of benefits and negative health impacts. Using data from a household survey, wastewater and freshwater farmers were analysed comparatively to examine the perceived impacts of irrigation water quality on farmers' health and to evaluate the extent of health damage. Probability of illness was estimated using the theory of utility-maximising behaviour of households subject to the conventional farm household production model, augmented by adding a health production function. Reduced model and instrumental variable probit specifications both show that perceived illness prevalence is significantly higher for household members working on wastewater irrigation farms than for those working with freshwater. Our data entails econometric complications (e.g., endogeneity of farmers' behaviour, unobserved location-specific characteristics). Ignoring these will result in underestimation of the value of policy interventions designed to reduce potential health damage of wastewater use in irrigation. © 2010 Cambridge University Press.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928765425	The impact of climate change on net revenue and food adequacy of subsistence farming households in South Africa	Tibesigwa B., Visser M., Turpie J.	2014	Environment and Development Economics	20	3	10.1017/S1355770X14000540	Environmental-Economics Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Environmental-Economics Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Tibesigwa, B., Environmental-Economics Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Visser, M., Environmental-Economics Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Turpie, J., Environmental-Economics Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper examines the impact of climate change on poor households across South Africa who practise subsistence farming to supplement their household income and dietary requirements. We consider three production systems: specialized crops, livestock and mixed crop-livestock farming. In general, we find specialized crop farmers to be the most vulnerable, while mixed crop-livestock farmers appear to be least vulnerable, suggesting that crop-livestock diversification is a potential coping strategy among poor subsistence farming households. We observe qualitatively similar results when we use self-reported food adequacy as the outcome. Furthermore, predicted impact shows that the climatic changes will be mildly harmful at first but will grow over time and lead to a 151 per cent loss in net revenue by the year 2080. Interestingly, we observe that crop farmers receive higher revenue when land is owned by the household, while on the other hand, livestock farmers earn more revenue when the land is communal. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883396623	Managing rainwater, improving livelihoods: Assessing impacts using a Rainwater-Livelihoods-Poverty Index (RLPI)	Getnet K., Kefyalew G.	2013	Environment and Development Economics	18	5	10.1017/S1355770X13000247	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), East Africa and Nile Basin Office, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia	Getnet, K., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), East Africa and Nile Basin Office, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kefyalew, G., Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia	Assessing and empirically measuring the development impact of rainwater management innovations to inform related decisions remains conceptually and methodologically difficult. Whether it is empirically more appropriate to assess and measure the impact pathways than the impact per se remains an important methodological issue. This paper proposes a Rainwater-Livelihoods-Poverty Index (RLPI) as a comprehensive and participatory impact pathway assessment technique with measurable indicators recapitulating the sustainable livelihoods framework. The methodological contributions to rainwater impact assessment are two-fold. First, the RLPI explicitly incorporates intermediate processes and impact pathways as important factors affecting the development impacts of rainwater-related interventions. Second, the RLPI combines quantitative and qualitative household response data into a single yet meaningful quantitative impact indicator. This makes the methodology participatory, allowing farmers engagement to use their knowledge (as local expert observers) in informing rainwater management decisions. The methodology is empirically tested in Diga district (western Ethiopia) and validated using expert opinions. © Cambridge University Press 2013.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950666829	The impact of land use conversion on a residential district in Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ayotamuno A., Gobo A.E., Owei O.B.	2010	Environment and Urbanization	22	1	10.1177/0956247810363529	Rivers State Polytechnic Bori, PMB 20, Bori, Nigeria; Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST), PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ayotamuno, A., Rivers State Polytechnic Bori, PMB 20, Bori, Nigeria; Gobo, A.E., Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST), PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owei, O.B., Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST), PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This paper examines the changes in land use and economic activities between 1986 and 2005 in a residential development in Port Harcourt that was originally developed for senior civil servants and military personnel. It shows how land ownership has changed and also the rapid expansion of commercial activities within what was exclusively a residential development. With no enforcement of land use regulations, this has led to a decline in the quality of life for the residents. © 2010 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).	Land use conversion; Land use management; Land use regulations; Nigeria; Port Harcourt	land use change; land use planning; landownership; quality of life; regulatory approach; residential development; residential location; Nigeria; Port Harcourt; Rivers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927746312	Building resilience to climate change impacts after the 2011 flood disaster at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewole I.F., Agbola S.B., Kasim O.F.	2015	Environment and Urbanization	27	1	10.1177/0956247814547679	University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewole, I.F., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Agbola, S.B., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Kasim, O.F., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This paper describes how the University of Ibadan has sought to build greater resilience to flooding, through its response to the devastating flood in 2011. This included both structural and non-structural components, as well as measures to address the increased risk levels that climate change is bringing or may bring in the future. The paper also draws out some lessons that have wide relevance for other universities. © 2014 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)	climate change adaptation; community-based adaptation; disaster response; disaster risk; flooding; resilience; University of Ibadan; urban floods	adaptive management; climate change; climate effect; disaster management; flooding; university sector; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939891939	Monitoring sustainable urban development using built-up area indicators: a case study of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Musakwa W., Van Niekerk A.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	3	10.1007/s10668-014-9560-7	Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Geology Building, Corner Rynveld and Merriman Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Geographic Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Musakwa, W., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Geology Building, Corner Rynveld and Merriman Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Niekerk, A., Centre for Geographic Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Rapid urbanisation in many developing countries causes land transformation from agricultural, rural, and natural landscapes into urban areas. Data to monitor this transformation are often out of date, unreliable, not in standard format, cumbersome and expensive to collect or simply unavailable. This inhibits local authorities and other stakeholders’ capacity to monitor and leverage resources towards sustainable urban development. This paper investigates the use of earth observation (EO) data for supporting sustainable urban development planning. The study demonstrates that EO adds value to sustainable urban development by providing area-wide and up-to-date thematic and geometric characterisation of the urban built-up area, which would be difficult to obtain from other data sources. This helps local planning authorities to monitor urban growth and sustainability, and facilitate evidence-based decision-making and an array of other practical uses. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Building density; Building height; Earth observation; Impervious surfaces; Sustainable urban development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61449152839	The environmental impacts of regional disparity in population and wealth distribution in Nigeria	Madu I.A.	2009	Environment, Development and Sustainability	11	2	10.1007/s10668-007-9109-0	Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 4100001, Nigeria	Madu, I.A., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 4100001, Nigeria	The disparity in both population and wealth distribution in Nigeria by geo-political zones is well recognized. There is also the recognition that some of the environmental problems in certain sections of the country can be attributed to the imbalance in both population and wealth distribution. Hence the various agitations for environmental resource control in the country. What is lacking however is the research that shows the magnitude of the linkages between the disparity and the environmental degradation in regional context. This provides the basis for this research. To achieve the aim of the research, a STIRPAT model was employed as an analytical tool. The findings show that the southern geopolitical zones are generally more densely populated and wealthier than the northern zones. The south is also experiencing a higher degree of environmental resource degradation attributable to anthropogenic factors. Thus, there is congruence between population density, wealth distribution and environmental degradation in Nigeria. Therefore the achievement of sustainable environment and development in Nigeria requires deliberate policies to mitigate the impact of population concentration and wealth creation on the environment. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Environmental resource degradation; Geo-political zones; Living standards; Population distribution; STIRPAT model and wealth	anthropogenic effect; environmental degradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental policy; mitigation; population distribution; research; resource management; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945472694	The impact of households characteristics on the state of housing in the Offinso South Municipality (OSM), Ghana	Boamah N.A.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9603-0	Department of Real Estate and Land Management (DRELM), University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, P.O. Box 115, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Boamah, N.A., Department of Real Estate and Land Management (DRELM), University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, P.O. Box 115, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Housing deprivation is a major problem confronting Ghanaian households both in the urban and rural environments. This paper investigates the housing condition in the Offinso South Municipality (OSM). It finds out the adequacy of housing to households in the municipality. It sampled eight neighbourhoods in the OSM for data collection. Questionnaires were employed to garner empirical data from the households and property owners in the OSM. The paper finds out that there is high room occupancy rate and high household and population concentration in the housing units in the OSM. It notes that characteristics such as the level of education, authorization status of the house, annual household income, household size and autochthony correlate with measures of housing adequacy. The paper suggests that the municipal authority put in place appropriate standards to guide developers on the minimum acceptable housing facilities. Also, the municipal authority should adopt innovative approaches to encourage voluntary compliance to its building regulations. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Ghana; Housing facilities; Offinso South Municipality; Overcrowding; Room occupancy rate	education; household income; housing conditions; innovation; overcrowding; questionnaire survey; rural area; sustainability; urban area; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867890028	Impact of economic drivers on mangroves of Indian Sundarbans: An exploration of missing links	Kumar P.	2012	Environment, Development and Sustainability	14	6	10.1007/s10668-012-9361-9	Ecosystem Services Economics Unit of Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Kumar, P., Ecosystem Services Economics Unit of Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Export of shrimps and prawns using intensive cultivation in the Sundarban area of Indian Bengal had a negative impact on mangrove forests in 1980s. Land conversions from agricultural use and mangrove forest to shrimp ponds are significant. The impact of changing economic factors such as trade on mangrove forests is evident but as yet this link is not clearly understood by decision-makers. In this context, this study analyses the impact of economic driver on land use changes by combining socio-economic data (economic variables) and satellite data (land use change). Using the panel data method for 1986-2004 in eight administrative units of the Sundarbans area, the study identifies relative return and productivity of labour for various types of land use together with population density as the major drivers of land use change. Identification of these drivers would help to design an effective response policy for management of this UNESCO Heritage site. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Drivers; Economic-return; Land use change; Mangroves; Panel data method	agricultural land; decision making; economic impact; habitat restoration; heritage conservation; intensive culture; labor productivity; land use change; mangrove; policy strategy; pond culture; population density; prawn culture; satellite data; shrimp culture; swamp forest; UNESCO; India; Sundarbans; West Bengal; Decapoda (Crustacea); Rhizophoraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895523150	Bioeconomic modeling of farm household decisions for ex-ante impact assessment of integrated watershed development programs in semi-arid India	Nedumaran S., Shiferaw B., Bantilan M.C.S., Palanisami K., Wani S.P.	2014	Environment, Development and Sustainability	16	2	10.1007/s10668-013-9476-7	Research Program on Markets, Institutions and Policies, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Socio-Economics Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Patancheru, 502 324, India; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India	Nedumaran, S., Research Program on Markets, Institutions and Policies, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Shiferaw, B., Socio-Economics Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Bantilan, M.C.S., Research Program on Markets, Institutions and Policies, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Palanisami, K., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Patancheru, 502 324, India; Wani, S.P., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India	The increasing population and urbanization have serious implications for sustainable development in less-favoured areas of developing countries. In an attempt to sustain the long-term productivity of natural resources and to meet the food and non-food demands of growing population in the semi-arid tropics, the Indian government invests and promotes integrated watershed development programs. A comprehensive tool to assess the impacts of watershed development programs on both social well-being and sustainability of natural resource is currently lacking. In this study, we develop a watershed level bioeconomic model to assess the ex-ante impacts of key technological and policy interventions on the socioeconomic well-being of rural households and the natural resource base. These interventions are simulated using data from a watershed community in the semi-arid tropics of India. The model captures the interaction between economic decisions and biophysical processes and using a constrained optimization of household decision model. The interventions assessed are productivity-enhancing technologies of dryland crops and increased in irrigable area through water conservation technologies. The results show that productivity-enhancing technologies of dryland crops increase household incomes and also provided incentives for conserving soil moisture and fertility. The increase in irrigable area enables cultivation of high-value crops which increase the household income but also lead to an increase in soil erosion and nutrient mining. The results clearly indicate the necessity for prioritizing and sequencing technologies based on potential effects and trade-offs on household income and conservation of natural resources. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Bioeconomic model; Impact assessment; Productivity-enhancing technologies; Sustainability; Watershed development program	agricultural technology; demand-side management; developing world; development project; economic analysis; environmental economics; household income; incentive; natural resource; numerical model; prioritization; rural population; semiarid region; socioeconomic impact; soil erosion; soil moisture; state role; sustainability; urbanization; watershed; welfare impact; India	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941746539	Assessment of adoption and impact of rainwater harvesting technologies on rural farm household income: the case of rainwater harvesting ponds in Rwanda	Zingiro A., Okello J.J., Guthiga P.M.	2014	Environment, Development and Sustainability	16	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9527-8	University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Zingiro, A., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Okello, J.J., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Guthiga, P.M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Rainwater harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought-prone areas. While this technology is being promoted in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about its impact on welfare of farm households. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice regression techniques to assess the impact of rainwater harvesting ponds on farm household income and factors that influence adoption of such technologies in Rwanda. It finds that households with rainwater harvesting ponds have significantly higher income than their counterparts of comparable observable characteristics. It further finds evidence that increase in farm income occurs via increased input use and that household size, asset endowments and participation in farmer organizations condition adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds. The study concludes that adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies has positive benefits on farm households. It discusses the policy implications that adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds presents a pathway for reducing rural poverty. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Adoption and impact; Propensity score matching; Rainwater harvesting ponds; Rwanda	adoption constraint; agricultural production; cost-benefit analysis; developing world; drought; environmental impact assessment; farmers attitude; harvesting; household income; literature review; policy approach; pond; poverty; rainwater; rural area; social conflict; sustainability; welfare impact; Rwanda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650598058	Development Impact of Advocacy Initiatives in Solid Waste Management in Nigeria	Nzeadibe T.C., Ajaero C.K.	2011	Environment, Development and Sustainability	13	1	10.1007/s10668-010-9254-8	Waste Management and Recycling Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria	Nzeadibe, T.C., Waste Management and Recycling Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Ajaero, C.K., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria	Solid waste management (SWM) in many low- and middle-income countries is sometimes driven by the informal sector. Unfortunately, contributions of the sector to SWM are not acknowledged in many developing countries. This situation often arises from inadequate awareness and lack of advocacy for these development contributions. This article reports on the impact of a study conducted by final-year geography undergraduates on the informal waste management sector in Nsukka urban area, Nigeria. The purposes of this exercise were to stimulate development intervention on behalf of the sector to improve perceptions, attitudes and performance, to impart a range of development research skills and to expose the students to the business opportunities provided by SWM and recycling. Informal waste sector workers and government officials responsible for SWM were interviewed, and some commercial data on recycling operations were collected. Findings of this study indicate that such advocacy initiatives were effective in increasing students' awareness of opportunities and interest in working in the informal waste sector to promote better SWM and development in Nigeria. Lessons from this university case study are also drawn for other developing countries struggling to achieve the poverty reduction and job creation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Advocacy; Capacity development; Entrepreneurship; Informal waste sector; Millennium development goals; Nigeria; Solid waste management; University	advocacy; developing world; perception; performance assessment; solid waste; state role; urban area; waste management; Enugu [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Nsukka	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945484673	Understanding inter-community performance assessments in community-based resource management at Avu Lagoon, Ghana	Agyare A.K., Murray G., Dearden P., Rollins R.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9617-7	Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana; Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada	Agyare, A.K., Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana; Murray, G., Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; Dearden, P., University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Rollins, R., Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada	Community-based natural resources governance (CBNRG) is becoming increasingly important as a means to achieve both conservation and sustainable livelihood goals. Assessing the performance of such approaches is an important step in improving their performance and facilitating their expansion. However, CBNRG initiatives are often not restricted to one community, and significant differences may exist among communities that can be obscured using performance assessments that do not attend to those differences. This paper first assesses the performance of the Avu Lagoon Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) in Ghana through a survey of 232 households and an 18 participant workshop that compares desired outcomes with those outcomes that were perceived to have been achieved (i.e. performance). This paper next examines the differences among four communities within the Avu Lagoon CREMA and provides some insight as to why these differences occur. Results indicate that overall, achieved outcomes fall short of desired outcomes. This is particularly the case for socio-economic outcomes and less so for conservation outcomes. We also find that communities are more homogenous in their desired outcomes than they are in their assessment of performance outcomes. There are important differences among the four communities in terms of the importance attached to outcomes and the achievement of those outcomes. Influential variables include how and who introduced the CBNRG concept to the local communities, existing socio-economic and cultural context, the development status and challenges of the community, effective leadership, and institutional capabilities. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Avu Lagoon CREMA; CBNRG; Community; Conservation; Livelihoods; Protected areas; Variability	community dynamics; household survey; institutional development; leadership; performance assessment; protected area; resource management; socioeconomic impact; sustainability; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857445009	Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts	Huang Y.Q., Wong C.K.C., Zheng J.S., Bouwman H., Barra R., Wahlström B., Neretin L., Wong M.H.	2012	Environment International	42	1	10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.010	Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; EULA - Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Member, United Nations Environment Programme, Uppsala, Sweden; United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, United States	Huang, Y.Q., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Wong, C.K.C., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Zheng, J.S., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Bouwman, H., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barra, R., EULA - Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Wahlström, B., Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Member, United Nations Environment Programme, Uppsala, Sweden; Neretin, L., United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, United States; Wong, M.H., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China	Bisphenol A (BPA), identified as an endocrine disruptor, is an industrially important chemical that is used as a raw material in the manufacture of many products such as engineering plastics (e.g., epoxy resins/polycarbonate plastics), food cans (i.e., lacquer coatings), and dental composites/sealants. The demand and production capacity of BPA in China have grown rapidly. This trend will lead to much more BPA contamination in the environmental media and in the general population in China. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the pollution status of BPA in China (the mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) and its potential impact on human health. Due to potential human health risks from long-term exposure to BPA, body burden of the contaminant should be monitored. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Bisphenol A; China; Endocrine-disruptor; Environmental exposure; Potential impact	Bisphenol A; China; Endocrine-disruptor; Environmental exposure; Potential impacts; Elastomers; Epoxy resins; 4,4' isopropylidenediphenol; endocrine disruptor; environmental fate; health impact; health risk; organic pollutant; pollutant source; pollution exposure; pollution monitoring; public health; air pollution; analytic method; article; chemical analysis; China; ecotoxicity; environmental exposure; environmental impact; environmental management; food contamination; health hazard; human; industry; nonhuman; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; pollution monitoring; priority journal; risk management; sediment; soil pollution; water pollution; Animals; China; Diet; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Policy; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Food Analysis; Health Status; Humans; Phenols; Plastics; Polycarboxylate Cement; China	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928125511	Global occurrence of anti-infectives in contaminated surface waters: Impact of income inequality between countries	Segura P.A., Takada H., Correa J.A., El Saadi K., Koike T., Onwona-Agyeman S., Ofosu-Anim J., Sabi E.B., Wasonga O.V., Mghalu J.M., dos Santos A.M., Newman B., Weerts S., Yargeau V.	2015	Environment International	80	None	10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.001	Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University College, Kenya; Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique; Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa	Segura, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Takada, H., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Correa, J.A., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada; El Saadi, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; Koike, T., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Onwona-Agyeman, S., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Ofosu-Anim, J., School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana; Sabi, E.B., School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana; Wasonga, O.V., Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Mghalu, J.M., Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University College, Kenya; dos Santos, A.M., Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique; Newman, B., Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Weerts, S., Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Yargeau, V., Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada	The presence anti-infectives in environmental waters is of interest because of their potential role in the dissemination of anti-infective resistance in bacteria and other harmful effects on non-target species such as algae and shellfish. Since no information on global trends regarding the contamination caused by these bioactive substances is yet available, we decided to investigate the impact of income inequality between countries on the occurrence of anti-infectives in surface waters. In order to perform such study, we gathered concentration values reported in the peer-reviewed literature between 1998 and 2014 and built a database. To fill the gap of knowledge on occurrence of anti-infectives in African countries, we also collected 61 surface water samples from Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa, and measured concentrations of 19 anti-infectives. A mixed one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, followed by Turkey-Kramer post hoc tests was used to identify potential differences in anti-infective occurrence between countries grouped by income level (high, upper-middle and lower-middle and low income) according to the classification by the World Bank. Comparison of occurrence of anti-infectives according to income level revealed that concentrations of these substances in contaminated surface waters were significantly higher in low and lower-middle income countries (. p=. 0.0001) but not in upper-middle income countries (. p=. 0.0515) compared to high-income countries. We explained these results as the consequence of the absence of or limited sewage treatment performed in lower income countries. Furthermore, comparison of concentrations of low cost anti-infectives (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) and the more expensive macrolides between income groups suggest that the cost of these substances may have an impact on their environmental occurrence in lower income countries. Since wastewaters are the most important source of contamination of anti-infectives and other contaminants of emerging concern in the environment, it is expected that deleterious effects to the aquatic biota caused by these substances will be more pronounced in countries with inadequate wastewater and collection infrastructure. With the information currently available, we could not evaluate either the role of the receiving environment or the importance of regulatory frameworks on the occurrence of anti-infectives in surface waters. Future studies should focus on these two factors in order to better evaluate risks to aquatic ecosystems in LM & LICs. We propose that CECs such as anti-infectives could be used as a new class of environmental degradation indicators that could be helpful to assess the state of development of wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure around the world. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Antibiotics; Developing countries; Macrolides; Occurrence; Quinolones; Rivers; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim	Amides; Antibiotics; Aquatic ecosystems; Contamination; Developing countries; Metabolites; Regression analysis; Rivers; Sewage treatment; Sulfur compounds; Wastewater treatment; Macrolides; Occurrence; Quinolones; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim; Surface waters; antiinfective agent; azithromycin; chlortetracycline; clarithromycin; dehydroerythromycin; diaminopyrimidine; doxycycline; lincomycin; macrolide; minocycline; oxytetracycline; roxithromycin; sulfadimethoxine; sulfadimidine; sulfamerazine; sulfamethizole; sulfamethoxazole; sulfapyridine; sulfathiazole; surface water; trimethoprim; tylosin; unclassified drug; antiinfective agent; fresh water; waste water; water pollutant; antibiotics; developing world; environmental degradation; income distribution; regulatory framework; surface water; water pollution; aquatic environment; Article; concentration (parameters); drug cost; environmental exposure; environmental impact; Ghana; Kenya; lowest income group; Mozambique; priority journal; sewage treatment; socioeconomics; South Africa; waste water; water analysis; water contamination; analysis; biota; chemistry; economics; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; income; procedures; social status; Turkey; water pollutant; Ghana; Kenya; Mozambique; South Africa; algae; Anti-Infective Agents; Biota; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Fresh Water; Ghana; Income; Mozambique; Social Conditions; South Africa; Turkey; Waste Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860123192	Groundwater quality and its health impact: An assessment of dental fluorosis in rural inhabitants of the Main Ethiopian Rift	Rango T., Kravchenko J., Atlaw B., McCornick P.G., Jeuland M., Merola B., Vengosh A.	2012	Environment International	43	1	10.1016/j.envint.2012.03.002	Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Box 2732, Durham, NC 27705, United States; Jimma University, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Ethiopia; International Water Management Institute, PO Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 188 Rubenstein Hall, 302 Towerview Drive, Box #90239, Durham, NC 27708-0239, United States	Rango, T., Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Kravchenko, J., Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Box 2732, Durham, NC 27705, United States; Atlaw, B., Jimma University, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Ethiopia; McCornick, P.G., International Water Management Institute, PO Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Jeuland, M., Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 188 Rubenstein Hall, 302 Towerview Drive, Box #90239, Durham, NC 27708-0239, United States; Merola, B., Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Vengosh, A., Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States	This study aims to assess the link between fluoride content in groundwater and its impact on dental health in rural communities of the Ethiopian Rift. A total of 148 water samples were collected from two drainage basins within the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). In the Ziway-Shala basin in particular, wells had high fluoride levels (mean: 9.4±10.5mg/L; range: 1.1 to 68mg/L), with 48 of 50 exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline limit of 1.5mg/L. Total average daily intake of fluoride from drinking groundwater (calculated per weight unit) was also found to be six times higher than the No-Observed-Adverse-Effects-Level (NOAEL) value of 0.06mg/kg/day. The highest fluoride levels were found in highly-alkaline (pH of 7 to 8.9) groundwater characterized by high salinity; high concentrations of sodium (Na +), bicarbonate (HCO 3 -), and silica (SiO 2); and low concentrations of calcium (Ca 2+). A progressive Ca 2+ decrease along the groundwater flow path is associated with an increase of fluoride in the groundwater. The groundwater quality problem is also coupled with the presence of other toxic elements, such as arsenic (As) and uranium (U). The health impact of fluoride was evaluated based on clinical examination of dental fluorosis (DF) among local residents using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). In total, 200 rural inhabitants between the ages of 7 and 40years old using water from 12 wells of fluoride range of 7.8-18mg/L were examined. Signs of DF (TF score of ≥1) were observed in all individuals. Most of the teeth (52%) recorded TF scores of 5 and 6, followed by TF scores of 3 and 4 (30%), and 8.4% had TF scores of 7 or higher. Sixty percent of the teeth exhibited loss of the outermost enamel. Within the range of fluoride contents, we did not find any correlation between fluoride content and DF. Finally, preliminary data suggest that milk intake has contributed to reducing the severity of DF. The study highlights the apparent positive role of milk on DF, and emphasizes the importance of nutrition in management efforts to mitigate DF in the MER and other parts of the world. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Dental fluorosis; Fluoride; Main Ethiopian Rift; Milk consumption; Thylstrup and Fejerskov index	Dental fluorosis; Fluoride; Main Ethiopian Rift; Milk consumption; Thylstrup and Fejerskov index; Alkalinity; Arsenic; Calcium; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Health; Silica; Sodium; Uranium; Water quality; Wells; Aluminous refractories; arsenic; bicarbonate; calcium; drinking water; fluoride; ground water; silicon dioxide; sodium; uranium; assessment method; concentration (composition); dental health; drainage basin; fluoride; food consumption; groundwater flow; health impact; index method; milk; rural population; water quality; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical examination; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dental health; Ethiopia; female; health; human; major clinical study; male; milk; pH; priority journal; river basin; rural area; salinity; school child; scoring system; tooth disease; water quality; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Arsenic; Calcium; Child; Diet; Drinking Water; Environmental Monitoring; Ethiopia; Female; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Groundwater; Humans; Male; Milk; Rural Population; Silicon Dioxide; Uranium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Young Adult; East African Rift; Ethiopian Rift	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872975061	Computational analysis of the performance of ozone-friendly R22 alternative refrigerants in vapour compression air-Conditioning systems	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2012	Environment Protection Engineering	38	4	10.5277/EPE120404	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Performance of two ozone-friendly refrigerants (R410A and R419A) was investigated theoretically using computational thermodynamic analysis. The results obtained showed that the performance of R410A was very close to that of R22 in all the operating conditions. Both R22 and R410A performed better than R419A in terms of their COP and refrigerating effect. Compared with R22, the average COP and refrigerating effect of R419A are lower by 13.78 and 33.96%, respectively. Generally, R410A refrigerant has approximately the same performance with R22, therefore, it is considered as a good drop-in substitute for R22 in vapour compression air-conditioning system.	None	Airconditioning systems; Alternative refrigerant; Computational analysis; Computational thermodynamic analysis; Operating condition; Refrigerating effects; Air conditioning; Ozone; Refrigeration; Vapors; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18144391576	Utilization of cellobiose by recombinant β-glucosidase-expressing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Characterization and evaluation of the sufficiency of expression	McBride J.E., Zietsman J.J., Van Zyl W.H., Lynd L.R.	2005	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	37	1	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.034	Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	McBride, J.E., Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Zietsman, J.J., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Zyl, W.H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Lynd, L.R., Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States	Two recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the BGL1 (β-glucosidase) gene originating from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera were characterized with respect to gene expression and growth on cellobiose under air and nitrogen gas phases. The laboratory strain Y294[ySF1], with β-glucosidase expression from a multi-copy plasmid, grew at comparable rates on cellobiose and glucose under both air and nitrogen gas phases. By contrast, strain N96[ySF1] grew at a much slower rate on cellobiose than on glucose under both gas phases. For the various strain and substrate combinations tested, cell-specific enzyme activity was significantly higher under a nitrogen gas phase as compared to an air gas phase. The ability of these strains to grow on cellobiose, a non-native substrate, was evaluated in terms of a dimensionless 'sufficiency' parameter, S, consisting of the ratio of the maximum cell-specific rate of glucose production from cellobiose to the maximum cell-specific rate of glucose consumption. At sufficiency values substantially less than one, specific growth rates were found to be limited by heterologous enzyme expression, whereas for values of sufficiency near and greater to one, specific growth rates on cellobiose approached their values on glucose. The concept of sufficiency appears to have general utility for work aimed at growth enablement on non-native substrates by virtue of heterologous enzyme expression. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	β-Glucosidase; Cellobiose; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sufficiency	Cell culture; Genes; Glucose; Microorganisms; Strain; Substrates; Cellobiose; Gas phase; Gene expression; Saccharomycel cerevisiae; Enzymes; beta glucosidase; cellobiose; nitrogen; air; article; controlled study; culture medium; fungal metabolism; fungal strain; fungus growth; gene expression; glucose metabolism; growth rate; nonhuman; protein expression; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycopsis fibuligera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959886510	Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes-Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part II-Electroanalytical estimation of immobilized enzyme performance	Fogel R., Limson J.L.	2011	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	49	2	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.004	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fogel, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Limson, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	The method of immobilization of a protein has a great influence on the overall conformation, and hence, functioning of the protein. Thus, a greater understanding of the events undergone by the protein during immobilization is key to manipulating the immobilization method to produce a strategy that influences the advantages of immobilization while minimizing their disadvantages in biosensor design. In this, the second paper of a two-part series, we have assessed the kinetic parameters of thin-film laccase monolayers, covalently attached to SAMs differing in spacer-arm length and lateral density of spacer arms. This was achieved using chronoamperometry and an electroactive product (p-benzoquinone), which was modeled in a non-linear regressional fashion to extract the relevant parameters. Finally, comparisons between the kinetic parameters presented in this paper and the rheological parameters of laccase monolayers immobilized in the same manner (Part I of this two paper series) were performed. Improvements in the maximal enzyme-catalysed current, i max, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant, K m and the apparent biosensor sensitivity were noted for most of the surfaces with increasing linker length. Decreasing the lateral density of the spacer-arms brought about a general improvement in these parameters, which is attributed to the decrease in multiple points of immobilization undergone by functional proteins. Finally, comparisons between rheological data and kinetics data showed that the degree of viscosity exhibited by protein films has a negative influence on attached protein layers, while enhanced protein hydration levels (assessed piezoelectrically from data obtained in Paper 1) has a positive effect on those surfaces comprising rigidly bound protein layers. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Biosensor; Enzyme; Immobilization; Kinetics; QCM-D; Viscosity	Biosensor design; Bound proteins; Electroactive; Film parameters; Functional proteins; Immobilization method; Immobilized enzyme; Laccases; Michaelis-Menten constant; Multiple points; Negative influence; Non-linear; P-benzoquinone; Positive effects; Protein films; Protein hydration; Protein layers; QCM-D; Rheological data; Rheological parameter; Sams; Spacer arms; Two-part series; Biosensors; Chronoamperometry; Kinetic parameters; Monolayers; Proteins; Rheology; Viscosity; Enzyme immobilization; 1,4 benzoquinone; laccase; self assembled monolayer; amperometry; article; biofilm; catalysis; covalent bond; density; electrochemical analysis; electrode; enzymic biosensor; flow kinetics; hydration; Michaelis Menten kinetics; piezoelectricity; protein analysis; protein immobilization; quartz crystal microbalance; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemical Techniques; Enzymes, Immobilized; Kinetics; Laccase; Nonlinear Dynamics; Protein Conformation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Rheology; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959864866	Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes-Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part I-QCM-D mass and rheological measurements	Fogel R., Limson J.L.	2011	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	49	2	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.011	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fogel, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Limson, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Enzyme immobilization is an ever-growing research-area for both analytical and industrial applications. Of critical importance in this area are the effects of immobilization procedures upon the functionality of the immobilized biomolecules. Both beneficial and detrimental effects can be conferred through the selection and tuning of the immobilization procedure. Quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) has been previously used to great effect in tracking alterations to thin films of biomolecules immobilized onto quartz transducers. In this study, we investigate the ability of QCM-D to track and monitor film parameters of a monolayer of laccase immobilized on a series of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), differing in lateral density of binding residues on the SAM and height of the SAM from the quartz surface. Both mass gains and rheological parameters for these varying surfaces were measured and trends later compared to the apparent enzyme kinetics of the immobilized laccase films, assessed electroanalytically (Paper II in this two part study). For covalent attachment of proteins, both shear and viscosity were increased relative to physically adsorbed proteins. An increase in lateral density of protein-binding surface of the SAM components was shown to increase the shear/viscosity of the resultant film while an increase in distance from the electrode (through incorporation of lysine linkers) was shown to decrease the shear/viscosity while simultaneously increasing the wet mass gain of the films. Shear and viscosity may be indicative of both enzyme denaturation and increased lateral protein packing within the film structure hence it is assumed that less distortion occurs with the inclusion of linkers which allow for more optimal protein immobilization. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Biosensors; Enzyme; Immobilization; QCM-D; Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; Rigidity; Viscosity	Binding residues; Covalent attachment; Detrimental effects; Enzyme denaturation; Film parameters; Film structure; Laccases; Mass gain; Protein immobilization; Protein-binding; QCM-D; Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; Quartz surfaces; Quartz transducer; Rheological measurements; Rheological parameter; Amino acids; Biomolecules; Biosensors; Enzyme kinetics; Industrial applications; Industrial research; Proteins; Quartz; Quartz crystal microbalances; Rheology; Self assembled monolayers; Viscosity; Enzyme immobilization; laccase; mercaptamine; mercaptoethanol; self assembled monolayer; adsorption kinetics; article; biofilm; chemical modification; covalent bond; crystal structure; density; electrode; enzyme denaturation; enzyme immobilization; enzymic biosensor; flow kinetics; nanofabrication; protein binding; protein immobilization; protein structure; quartz crystal microbalance; rigidity; shear stress; structure analysis; surface property; viscosity; Biosensing Techniques; Elastic Modulus; Enzymes, Immobilized; Laccase; Molecular Weight; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Rheology; Surface Properties; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939542381	Lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors selectively inhibit/deactivate cellulase performance	Mhlongo S.I., den Haan R., Viljoen-Bloom M., van Zyl W.H.	2015	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	81	None	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.07.005	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Mhlongo, S.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; den Haan, R., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Viljoen-Bloom, M., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; van Zyl, W.H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	In this study, we monitored the inhibition and deactivation effects of various compounds associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates on individual and combinations of cellulases. Tannic acid representing polymeric lignin residues strongly inhibited cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH1) and β-glucosidase 1 (BGL1), but had a moderate inhibitory effect on endoglucanase 2 (EG2). Individual monomeric lignin residues had little or no inhibitory effect on hydrolytic enzymes. However, coniferyl aldehyde and syringaldehyde substantially decreased the activity of CBH1 and deactivated BGL1. Acetic and formic acids also showed strong inhibition of BGL1 but not CBH1 and EG2, whereas tannic, acetic and formic acid strongly inhibited a combination of CBH1 and EG2 during Avicel hydrolysis. Diminishing enzymatic hydrolysis is largely a function of inhibitor concentration and the enzyme-inhibitor relationship, rather than contact time during the hydrolysis process (i.e. deactivation). This suggests that decreased rates of hydrolysis during the enzymatic depolymerisation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates may be imparted by other factors related to substrate crystallinity and accessibility. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Cellulases; Deactivation; Inhibition; Lignocellulosic hydrolysate	Enzyme inhibition; Enzymes; Flavonoids; Formic acid; Hydrolysis; Lignin; Cellobiohydrolase 1; Cellulases; Deactivation; Enzyme inhibitors; Hydrolysis process; Inhibitor concentration; Inhibitory effect; Lignocellulosic hydrolysates; Enzymatic hydrolysis; beta glucosidase; cellulose 1,4 beta cellobiosidase; enzyme inhibitor; formic acid; formic acid derivative; glucan synthase; lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitor; tannin; unclassified drug; Article; enzyme activity; enzyme inactivation; enzyme inhibition; enzyme purification; hydrolysis; nonhuman; polymerization; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954552890	Investigating the global impacts of the agulhas current	Zahn R., Lutjeharms J., Biastoch A., Hall I., Knorr G., Park W., Reason C.	2010	Eos	91	12	None	Institució Catalana de Recerca, Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Departament de Geología, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany; IFM-GEOMAR, Germany; Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Zahn, R., Institució Catalana de Recerca, Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Departament de Geología, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Lutjeharms, J., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Biastoch, A., Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany; Hall, I., School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Knorr, G., Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany; Park, W., IFM-GEOMAR, Germany; Reason, C., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	climate variation; paleoceanography; western boundary current	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923991691	Quantifying the impact of accessibility on preventive healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa using mobile phone data	Wesolowski A., O'Meara W.P., Tatem A.J., Ndege S., Eagle N., Buckee C.O.	2015	Epidemiology	26	2	10.1097/EDE.0000000000000239	Department of Engineering and p'Ublic Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Duke University and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; School of Public Health Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States	Wesolowski, A., Department of Engineering and p'Ublic Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; O'Meara, W.P., Department of Medicine, Duke University and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States; Tatem, A.J., Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Ndege, S., School of Public Health Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Eagle, N., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Buckee, C.O., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Background: Poor physical access to health facilities has been identified as an important contributor to reduced uptake of preventive health services and is likely to be most critical in low-income settings. However, the relation among physical access, travel behavior, and the uptake of healthcare is difficult to quantify.Methods: Using anonymized mobile phone data from 2008 to 2009, we analyze individual and spatially aggregated travel patterns of 14,816,521 subscribers across Kenya and compare these measures to (1) estimated travel times to health facilities and (2) data on the uptake of 2 preventive healthcare interventions in an area of western Kenya: childhood immunizations and antenatal care.Results: We document that long travel times to health facilities are strongly correlated with increased mobility in geographically isolated areas. Furthermore, we found that in areas with equal physical access to healthcare, mobile phone-derived measures of mobility predict which regions are lacking preventive care. Conclusions: Routinely collected mobile phone data provide a simple and low-cost approach to mapping the uptake of preventive healthcare in low-income settings. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	None	Africa south of the Sahara; Article; child; female; health care access; health care facility; household; human; immunization; Kenya; lowest income group; major clinical study; mobile phone; prenatal care; preventive health service; priority journal; vulnerable population; adult; developing country; health care delivery; health care survey; infant; longitudinal study; pregnancy; preschool child; statistics and numerical data; time; travel; utilization; vaccination; Adult; Cell Phones; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Female; Health Care Surveys; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Infant; Kenya; Longitudinal Studies; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Time Factors; Travel; Vaccination	FIC, National Institutes of Health; NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-81255204005	Evaluation of respondent-driven sampling	McCreesh N., Frost S.D.W., Seeley J., Katongole J., Tarsh M.N., Ndunguse R., Jichi F., Lunel N.L., Maher D., Johnston L.G., Sonnenberg P., Copas A.J., Hayes R.J., White R.G.	2012	Epidemiology	23	1	10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823ac17c	Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biostatistics, United Kingdom; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, Center for Global Health Equity, New Orleans, LA, United States; Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom	McCreesh, N., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Frost, S.D.W., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Seeley, J., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Katongole, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Tarsh, M.N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Ndunguse, R., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Jichi, F., Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biostatistics, United Kingdom; Lunel, N.L., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Maher, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Johnston, L.G., Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, Center for Global Health Equity, New Orleans, LA, United States; Sonnenberg, P., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom; Copas, A.J., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom; Hayes, R.J., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; White, R.G., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Background: Respondent-driven sampling is a novel variant of link-tracing sampling for estimating the characteristics of hard-to-reach groups, such as HIV prevalence in sex workers. Despite its use by leading health organizations, the performance of this method in realistic situations is still largely unknown. We evaluated respondent-driven sampling by comparing estimates from a respondent-driven sampling survey with total population data. Methods: Total population data on age, tribe, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual activity, and HIV status were available on a population of 2402 male household heads from an open cohort in rural Uganda. A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey was carried out in this population, using current methods of sampling (RDS sample) and statistical inference (RDS estimates). Analyses were carried out for the full RDS sample and then repeated for the first 250 recruits (small sample). Results: We recruited 927 household heads. Full and small RDS samples were largely representative of the total population, but both samples underrepresented men who were younger, of higher socioeconomic status, and with unknown sexual activity and HIV status. Respondent-driven sampling statistical inference methods failed to reduce these biases. Only 31%-37% (depending on method and sample size) of RDS estimates were closer to the true population proportions than the RDS sample proportions. Only 50%-74% of respondent-driven sampling bootstrap 95% confidence intervals included the population proportion. Conclusions: Respondent-driven sampling produced a generally representative sample of this well-connected nonhidden population. However, current respondent-driven sampling inference methods failed to reduce bias when it occurred. Whether the data required to remove bias and measure precision can be collected in a respondent-driven sampling survey is unresolved. Respondent-driven sampling should be regarded as a (potentially superior) form of convenience sampling method, and caution is required when interpreting findings based on the sampling method. © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	accuracy; adolescent; adult; age; article; child; cohort analysis; evaluation; health care organization; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; male; priority journal; prostitution; religion; rural area; sampling; sexual behavior; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bias (Epidemiology); Child; Child, Preschool; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Sampling Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; Uganda; Young Adult	None
None	None	Optimal CD4 count for initiating HIV treatment: Impact of CD4 observation frequency and grace periods, and performance of dynamic marginal structural models	Ewings F.M., Ford D., Walker A.S., Carpenter J., Copas A.	2014	Epidemiology	25	2	10.1097/EDE.0000000000000043	Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Ewings, F.M., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Ford, D., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Walker, A.S., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Carpenter, J., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Copas, A., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND:: In HIV infection, dynamic marginal structural models have estimated the optimal CD4 for treatment initiation to minimize AIDS/death. The impact of CD4 observation frequency and grace periods (permitted delay to initiation) on the optimal regimen has not been investigated nor has the performance of dynamic marginal structural models in moderately sized data sets - two issues that are relevant to many applications. METHODS:: To determine optimal regimens, we simulated 31,000,000 HIV-infected persons randomized at CD4 500-550 cells/mm to regimens "initiate treatment within a grace period following observed CD4 first <x cells/mm," x = 200, 210, ..., 500. Natural history and treatment response were simulated using previous model estimates from CASCADE data. Optimal treatment regimens for the observation frequencies and grace periods were defined by highest 10-year AIDS-free survival. To evaluate the performance of dynamic marginal structural models, we simulated 1000 observational studies (n = 3,000) with CD4-dependent treatment initiation. RESULTS:: Decreasing the frequency of CD4 measurements from monthly to every 3, 6, and 12 months increased the optimal regimen from a CD4 level of 350 (10-year AIDS-free survival, 0.8657) to 410 (0.8650), 460 (0.8634), and 490 (0.8564), respectively. Under a regimen defined by x = 350 with annual CD4s, 10-year AIDS-free survival dropped to 0.8304. Extending the grace period from 1 to 3 or 6 months, with 3-monthly CD4s, maintained the optimal regimen at 410 for 3 months and increased it to 460 for 6 months. In observational studies with 3-monthly CD4s, the mean (SE) estimated optimal regimen was 402 (76), 424 (66), and 430 (63) with 1-, 3-, and 6-month grace periods; 24%, 15%, and 14% of estimated optimal regimens resulted in >0.5% lower AIDS-free survival compared with the true optimal regimen. CONCLUSIONS:: The optimal regimen is strongly influenced by CD4 frequency and less by grace period length. Dynamic marginal structural models lack precision at moderate sample sizes. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Computer Simulation; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Monitoring; HIV Infections; Humans; Logistic Models; Observational Study as Topic; Proportional Hazards Models; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Sample Size; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894345479	The impact of a school-based water supply and treatment, hygiene, and sanitation programme on pupil diarrhoea: A cluster-randomized trial	Freeman M.C., Clasen T., Dreibelbis R., Saboori S., Greene L.E., Brumback B., Muga R., Rheingans R.	2014	Epidemiology and Infection	142	2	10.1017/S0950268813001118	Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Center for Global Safe Water, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, FL, United States; Tropical Institute for Community Health and Development, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, FL, United States	Freeman, M.C., Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Clasen, T., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Dreibelbis, R., Center for Global Safe Water, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Saboori, S., Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Greene, L.E., Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Brumback, B., Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, FL, United States; Muga, R., Tropical Institute for Community Health and Development, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kenya; Rheingans, R., Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, FL, United States	The impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access on mitigating illness is well documented, although impact of school-based WASH on school-aged children has not been rigorously explored. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in Nyanza Province, Kenya to assess the impact of a school-based WASH intervention on diarrhoeal disease in primary-school pupils. Two study populations were used: schools with a nearby dry season water source and those without. Pupils attending 'water-available' schools that received hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitation improvements showed no difference in period prevalence or duration of illness compared to pupils attending control schools. Those pupils in schools that received only the HP&WT showed similar results. Pupils in 'water-scarce' schools that received a water-supply improvement, HP&WT and sanitation showed a reduction in diarrhoea incidence and days of illness. Our study revealed mixed results on the impact of improvements to school WASH improvements on pupil diarrhoea. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.	Diarrhoea; hand hygiene; water (quality); water (safe); waterborne infections	article; child; child health; cluster analysis; controlled study; diarrhea; disease duration; hand washing; health program; health promotion; human; incidence; Kenya; prevalence; risk reduction; school health education; school hygiene; water quality; water sanitation and hygiene program; water supply; water treatment; diarrhea; female; hygiene; male; procedures; randomized controlled trial; sanitation; school health service; statistics and numerical data; student; controlled clinical trial; health promotion; Kenya; methodology; sanitation; statistics; Child; Diarrhea; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Hygiene; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Sanitation; School Health Services; Students; Water Supply; Child; Diarrhea; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Hygiene; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Sanitation; School Health Services; Students; Water Supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39049091339	Estimating the impact of vaccination using age-time-dependent incidence rates of hepatitis B	Hens N., Aerts M., Shkedy Z., Kung'u Kimani P., Kojouhorova M., Van Damme P., Beutels Ph.	2008	Epidemiology and Infection	136	3	10.1017/S0950268807008692	Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Kenya Institute of Medical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	Hens, N., Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Aerts, M., Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Shkedy, Z., Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Kung'u Kimani, P., Kenya Institute of Medical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Kojouhorova, M., National Center of Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Van Damme, P., Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Beutels, Ph., Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	The objective of this study was to model the age-time-dependent incidence of hepatitis B while estimating the impact of vaccination. While stochastic models/time-series have been used before to model hepatitis B cases in the absence of knowledge on the number of susceptibles, this paper proposed using a method that fits into the generalized additive model framework. Generalized additive models with penalized regression splines are used to exploit the underlying continuity of both age and time in a flexible non-parametric way. Based on a unique case notification dataset, we have shown that the implemented immunization programme in Bulgaria resulted in a significant decrease in incidence for infants in their first year of life with 82% (79-84%). Moreover, we have shown that conditional on an assumed baseline susceptibility percentage, a smooth force-of-infection profile can be obtained from which two local maxima were observed at ages 9 and 24 years. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.	None	hepatitis B vaccine; age; article; Bulgaria; conceptual framework; health program; hepatitis B; human; immunization; incidence; infant; infection sensitivity; mathematical model; nonparametric test; regression analysis; risk reduction; sensitivity analysis; stochastic model; time series analysis; vaccination; Bulgaria; Communicable Disease Control; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Incidence; Models, Statistical; Vaccination	None
None	None	The impact of mobility on HIV control: A modelling study	Vissers D.C.J., De Vlas S.J., Bakker R., Urassa M., Voeten H.A.C.M., Habbema J.D.F.	2011	Epidemiology and Infection	139	12	10.1017/S0950268811000069	Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania	Vissers, D.C.J., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; De Vlas, S.J., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Bakker, R., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Urassa, M., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Voeten, H.A.C.M., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Habbema, J.D.F., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands	Mobility is associated with HIV due to more risky sexual behaviour of mobile groups such as travellers and migrants. Limited participation of such groups may reduce the effectiveness of HIV interventions disproportionally. The established STDSIM model, which simulates transmission and control of HIV and STD, was extended to simulate mobility patterns based on data from Tanzania. We explored the impact of non-participation of mobile groups (travellers and recent migrants) on the effectiveness of two interventions: condom promotion and health education aiming at partner reduction. If mobile groups do not participate, the effectiveness of both interventions could be reduced by 40%. The impact of targeting travellers with a combined HIV campaign is close to that of a general population intervention. In conclusion, it is important to account for possible non-participation of migrants and travellers. If non-participation is substantial, impact of interventions can be greatly improved by actively approaching these people. © 2011 Cambridge University Press.	Control; HIV; migration; modelling; travel	adolescent; adult; article; condom; controlled study; female; health promotion; high risk behavior; HIV education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; intervention study; male; migration; prevalence; safe sex; sexual behavior; simulation; social participation; Adolescent; Adult; Computer Simulation; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Health Promotion; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Program Evaluation; Risk-Taking; Tanzania; Travel; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927958067	Evaluation of the impact of a simple hand-washing and water-treatment intervention in rural health facilities on hygiene knowledge and reported behaviours of health workers and their clients, Nyanza Province, Kenya, 2008	Sreenivasan N., Gotestrand S.A., Ombeki S., Oluoch G., Fischer T.K., Quick R.	2015	Epidemiology and Infection	143	4	10.1017/S095026881400082X	Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States; CARE, Kenya; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States	Sreenivasan, N., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States; Gotestrand, S.A., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Ombeki, S., CARE, Kenya; Oluoch, G., CARE, Kenya; Fischer, T.K., Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Quick, R., Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States	Many clinics in rural western Kenya lack access to safe water and hand-washing facilities. To address this problem, in 2005 a programme was initiated to install water stations for hand washing and drinking water in 109 health facilities, train health workers on water treatment and hygiene, and motivate clients to adopt these practices. In 2008, we evaluated this intervention's impact by conducting observations at facilities, and interviewing staff and clients about water treatment and hygiene. Of 30 randomly selected facilities, 97% had water stations in use. Chlorine residuals were detectable in at least one container at 59% of facilities. Of 164 interviewed staff, 79% knew the recommended water-treatment procedure. Of 298 clients, 45% had received training on water treatment at a facility; of these, 68% knew the recommended water-treatment procedure. Use of water stations, water treatment, and client training were sustained in some facilities for up to 3 years. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States..	Hand hygiene; hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections; water (safe)	water; adult; aged; Article; attitude to health; controlled study; female; hand washing; health care facility; health care personnel; health care quality; human; Kenya; male; rural health care; water treatment; epidemiology; evaluation study; health care personnel; hygiene; interview; middle aged; procedures; standards; statistics and numerical data; water management; water supply; young adult; Adult; Hand Disinfection; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Hygiene; Interviews as Topic; Kenya; Middle Aged; Rural Health Services; Water Purification; Water Supply; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000259198200010	The impact of a school-based safe water and hygiene programme on knowledge and practices of students and their parents: Nyanza Province, western Kenya, 2006	Ayalo, M.,Freeman, M. C.,Hoekstra, R. M.,Migele, J.,Mwaki, A.,Ombeki, S.,O'Reilly, C. E.,Quick, R.,Ravani, M.	2008	EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION	136	1	10.1017/S0950268807008060	Emory University, CARE Kenya, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Freeman, M. C.: Emory University","Quick, R.: Emory University","Ravani, M.: Emory University",	Safe drinking water and hygiene are essential to reducing Kenya's diarrhoeal disease burden. A school-based safe water and hygiene intervention in Kenya was evaluated to assess its impact on students' knowledge and parents' adoption of safe water and hygiene practices. We surveyed 390 students from nine schools and their parents at baseline and conducted a final evaluation of 363 students and their parents. From baseline to final evaluation, improvement was seen in students' knowledge of correct water treatment procedure (21-65%. P &lt; 0.01) and knowing when to wash their hands. At final evaluation, 14% of parents reported currently treating their water. compared with 6% Lit baseline (P &lt; 0.01). From 2004 to 2005. school absenteeism in the September-November term decreased in nine project schools by 35%, and increased in nine neighbouring comparison Schools by 5%. This novel programme shows promise for reducing, school absenteeism and promoting water and hygiene interventions in the home.	,ABSENTEEISM,BANGLADESH,BEHAVIORS,"CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA",CHLORINATION,"DIARRHEAL DISEASE",DRINKING-WATER,INTERVENTION,MORBIDITY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645290505	School performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A., Okeniyi J.A.O.	2006	Epilepsia	47	2	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00437.x	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun Stat	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.A.O., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Purpose: The study assessed the school performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy compared with healthy controls and examined the variables correlating with their academic difficulties. Methods: The school grades of adolescents with epilepsy aged 12 to 18 years (n = 73) over the past academic year were compared with the grades of their classmates of the same age and gender. Risk factors possibly associated with school performance, such as adolescent variables (age, gender, perceived stigma, attitude toward epilepsy, and psychopathology), seizure variables (age at onset of illness, years of illness, types of seizures, and frequency of seizures per month), drug variables [types of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), number of AEDs and side effects of AEDs], and family variables (family's socioeconomic status, family functioning, caretakers' psychopathology, and caretakers' perceived stigma) were assessed. Results: The mean school grades of adolescents with epilepsy are significantly lower than are those of their healthy controls (p < 0.001) in all the subjects. The variables that significantly predict poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy include psychopathology in the caretaker (p < 0.001), adolescents' perceived poor family functioning (p = 0.002), adolescents' attitude toward the illness (p = 0.001), adolescents' felt stigma (p = 0.002), externalizing symptoms in the adolescents (p = 0.004), and duration of illness (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The determinants of poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy in Nigeria are multivariate, with psychosocial factors most important. These should be noted for early identification and screening of those children at greatest risk for academic failure and the greatest need for appropriate educational remediation services. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Academic performance; Adolescents; Childhood; Cross-cultural; Epilepsy; Psychopathology; Risk factors	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; academic achievement; adolescent; adult; age distribution; anticonvulsant therapy; article; caregiver; comparative study; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease classification; disease duration; epilepsy; family life; female; groups by age; human; major clinical study; male; mental disease; morbidity; Nigeria; onset age; patient attitude; priority journal; risk factor; school child; sex difference; social psychology; social status; unspecified side effect; Achievement; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Attitude to Health; Caregivers; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Learning Disorders; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Stereotyping; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845677291	Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa - A pilot study	Lundgren T., Dahl J., Melin L., Kies B.	2006	Epilepsia	47	12	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00892.x	Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751-42 Uppsala, Sweden	Lundgren, T., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751-42 Uppsala, Sweden; Dahl, J., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Melin, L., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Kies, B., Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: Psychological interventions in the treatment of epilepsy have been developed and evaluated for many years but the amount of research has hardly made an impact on how epilepsy is treated. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a psychological treatment program consisting of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) together with some behavioral seizure control technology shown to be successful in earlier research. Methods: The method consisted of a randomized controlled trial group design with repeated measures (n = 27). All participants had an EEG verified epilepsy diagnosis with drug refractory seizures. Participants were randomized into one of two conditions, ACT or supportive therapy (ST). Therapeutic effects were measured by examining changes in quality of life (SWLS and WHOQOL) and seizure index (frequency x duration). Both treatment conditions consisted of only nine hours of professional therapy distributed in two individual and two group sessions during a four-week period. Results: The results showed significant effects over all of the dependent variables for the ACT group as compared to the ST group at six- and twelve-month follow-ups. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that a short-term psychotherapy program combined with anticonvulsant drugs may help to prevent the long-term disability that occurs from drug refractory seizures. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Acceptance and commitment therapy; Epilepsy; Seizure control techniques; South Africa	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; adult; article; behavior therapy; clinical article; clinical research; clinical trial; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; electroencephalogram; epilepsy; evaluation; female; human; male; pilot study; priority journal; psychiatric treatment; psychologic assessment; psychotherapy; quality of life; randomized controlled trial; short course therapy; therapy effect; treatment outcome; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Resistance; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotherapy, Brief; Psychotherapy, Group; Quality of Life; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248569699	Cross-country measures for monitoring epilepsy care	Begley C.E., Baker G.A., Beghi E., Butler J., Chisholm D., Langfitt J.T., Levy P., Pachlatko C., Wiebe S., Donaldson K.L.	2007	Epilepsia	48	5	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.00981.x	School of Public Health, University of Texas, United States; Division of Neurosciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, University of Stellenbosch, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, United States; Universite Paris-Dauphine, Place Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, Paris, France; Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta., Canada; Epilepsy Action, Leeds, United Kingdom; School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, United States	Begley, C.E., School of Public Health, University of Texas, United States, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Baker, G.A., Division of Neurosciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Beghi, E., Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; Butler, J., Department of Neurology, University of Stellenbosch, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chisholm, D., Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Langfitt, J.T., Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, United States; Levy, P., Universite Paris-Dauphine, Place Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, Paris, France; Pachlatko, C., Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Switzerland; Wiebe, S., Division of Neurology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta., Canada; Donaldson, K.L., Epilepsy Action, Leeds, United Kingdom	Purpose: The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on Healthcare Policy in consultation with the World Health Organization (WHO) examined the applicability and usefulness of various measures for monitoring epilepsy healthcare services and systems across countries. The goal is to provide planners and policymakers with tools to analyze the impact of healthcare services and systems and evaluate efforts to improve performance. Methods: Commission members conducted a systematic literature review and consulted with experts to assess the nature, strengths, and limitations of the treatment gap and resource availability measures that are currently used to assess the adequacy of epilepsy care. We also conducted a pilot study to determine the feasibility and applicability of using new measures to assess epilepsy care developed by the WHO including Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), responsiveness, and financial fairness. Results: The existing measures that are frequently used to assess the adequacy of epilepsy care focus on structural or process factors whose relationship to outcomes are indirect and may vary across regions. The WHO measures are conceptually superior because of their breadth and connection to articulated and agreed upon outcomes for health systems. However, the WHO measures require data that are not readily available in developing countries and most developed countries as well. Conclusion: The epilepsy field should consider adopting the WHO measures in country assessments of epilepsy burden and healthcare performance whenever data permit. Efforts should be made to develop the data elements to estimate the measures. © 2007 International League Against Epilepsy.	Evaluation; Healthcare; International; Survey	article; developing country; disability; epilepsy; feasibility study; health care availability; health care organization; health care policy; health care system; health service; monitoring; patient care; performance; pilot study; priority journal; resource management; world health organization; Africa South of the Sahara; Cost of Illness; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Developing Countries; Epilepsy; Great Britain; Health Care Costs; Health Care Surveys; Health Policy; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research; Humans; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Pilot Projects; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874745080	Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of coadministration of lacosamide and an oral contraceptive (levonorgestrel plus ethinylestradiol) in healthy female volunteers	Cawello W., Rosenkranz B., Schmid B., Wierich W.	2013	Epilepsia	54	3	10.1111/epi.12085	UCB Pharma, Global Biostatistics, Alfred Nobel Strasse 10, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany; Division of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; NUVISAN GmbH, Neu-Ulm, Germany	Cawello, W., UCB Pharma, Global Biostatistics, Alfred Nobel Strasse 10, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany; Rosenkranz, B., Division of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Schmid, B., NUVISAN GmbH, Neu-Ulm, Germany; Wierich, W.	Summary Purpose To determine whether the antiepileptic drug lacosamide affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a combined oral contraceptive (OC; ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg plus levonorgestrel 0.15 mg). Methods This was an open-label trial in healthy female volunteers. Eligible women entered cycle 1 of the trial on the first day of menstruation. Cycle 1 was a medication-free, run-in phase of approximately 28 days to confirm that normal ovulation occurred. Volunteers with confirmed ovulation entered the subsequent cycle and started taking OCs. After establishing ovulation suppression (defined as progesterone serum concentration &lt;5.1 nm on day 21 of the menstrual cycle) in volunteers taking the OCs in cycle 2, lacosamide 400 mg/day was administered concomitantly in the subsequent cycle (cycle 3). The pharmacokinetic parameters of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum steady-state plasma drug concentration (Cmax), and time to maximum concentration (t max) were measured for the OC components and lacosamide. Key Findings A total of 37 volunteers completed cycle 1, and 32 completed cycle 2. In each of the 31 volunteers who completed the trial (through cycle 3), pharmacodynamic assessment showed progesterone serum concentration was &lt;5.1 nm on day 21 of cycle 2, when the OC was administered alone, and on day 21 of cycle 3, when lacosamide was administered concomitantly. The AUC of ethinylestradiol alone versus together with lacosamide was 1,067 ± 404 versus 1,173 ± 330 pg h/ml. Corresponding values of Cmax were 116.9 ± 48.8 versus 135.7 ± 28.6 pg/ml. For levonorgestrel, the AUC alone was 74.2 ± 21.4 versus 80.9 ± 18.5 ng h/ml with lacosamide. Corresponding values of Cmax were 6.7 ± 1.9 versus 7.4 ± 1.5 ng/ml. The AUC and Cmax point estimates and almost all 90% confidence intervals (except for Cmax of ethinylestradiol) for ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel (with and without lacosamide) were within the conventional bioequivalence range, and no relevant changes in tmax were observed for ethinylestradiol (1.5 ± 0.6 h alone vs. 1.4 ± 0.7 h with lacosamide) or for levonorgestrel (1.5 ± 1.0 h alone vs. 1.1 ± 0.6 h with lacosamide). Lacosamide pharmacokinetics were consistent with those observed in previous studies of lacosamide alone, with values for AUC of 113.5 ± 20.7 μg h/ml, Cmax of 13.8 ± 2.2 μg/ml, and tmax of 1.1 ± 0.4 h. Significance Lacosamide and an OC containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel have low potential for drug-drug interaction; therefore, coadministration of the two drugs is unlikely to result in contraceptive failure or loss of seizure control. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 International League Against Epilepsy.	Drug-drug interaction; Epilepsy; Lacosamide; Oral contraceptive; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics	ethinylestradiol plus levonorgestrel; harkoseride; progesterone; adult; area under the curve; article; bioequivalence; bronchitis; clinical trial; dizziness; drug blood level; drug clearance; drug eruption; drug fever; drug half life; drug induced headache; drug safety; drug tolerability; drug withdrawal; dry skin; electrocardiogram; eosinophil count; eosinophilia; erythema; evening dosage; fatigue; female; hematoma; human; human experiment; infection; maximum plasma concentration; menstrual cycle; normal human; otalgia; ovulation inhibition; paresthesia; physical examination; plasma concentration-time curve; priority journal; progesterone blood level; pruritus; rash; rosacea; side effect; time to maximum plasma concentration; tinnitus; vital sign; Acetamides; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Progesterone; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860663852	The social and economic impacts of epilepsy on women in Nigeria	Komolafe M.A., Sunmonu T.A., Afolabi O.T., Komolafe E.O., Fabusiwa F.O., Groce N., Kett M., Disu J.O., Ajiboye J.K., Olaniyan S.O.	2012	Epilepsy and Behavior	24	1	10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.11.019	Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife,	Komolafe, M.A., Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sunmonu, T.A., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria; Afolabi, O.T., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Komolafe, E.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Fabusiwa, F.O., Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria; Groce, N., Leonard Chesire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom; Kett, M., Leonard Chesire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom; Disu, J.O., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria; Ajiboye, J.K., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria; Olaniyan, S.O., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria	Background: Persons with epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa experience stigma and social marginalization. There is paucity of data on the social and economic impacts of epilepsy in these patients and in particular, groups like women. We sought to determine the social and economic impacts of epilepsy on Nigerian women and especially how it affects their treatment and outcomes. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional survey of 63 women with epilepsy (WWE) and 69 controls matched for age, social status and site of care. A structured questionnaire was used to document information on demographic characteristics, education, employment status, economic status, health care use, personal safety and perceived stigma. The data were collated and analyzed with SPSS version 15. Results: Unemployment, fewer years of formal education, lower marriage rates and higher stigma scores were more frequent among WWE than controls. Physical and sexual abuse with transactional sex was also reported among WWE. We also noted poorer environmental and housing conditions and lower mean personal and household incomes among WWE compared to the control group. Conclusion: WWE in this sample from Nigeria have worse social and economic status when compared with women with other non-stigmatized chronic medical conditions. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Education; Employment; Epilepsy; Marriage; Psychosocial aspects; Rural; Urban; Women	adult; article; comparative study; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease duration; educational status; employment status; epilepsy; female; health care utilization; health survey; housing; human; income; major clinical study; marriage; Nigeria; onset age; outcome assessment; safety; sexual abuse; social status; stigma; structured questionnaire; unemployment; women's health; Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Employment; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Nigeria; Social Class; Social Stigma; Unemployment; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744551028	Impact of psychiatric morbidity on parent-rated quality of life in Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A.	2005	Epilepsy and Behavior	7	3	10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.07.011	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Despite the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents with epilepsy, their impact on the quality of life has not been sufficiently studied. Adolescents with epilepsy (n = 90) aged 12 to 18 were assessed for anxiety and depressive disorders with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (DISC-IV), and their quality of life was assessed with the parent-rated Impact of Childhood Illness Scale (ICIS). Sociodemographic and illness variables were also obtained. Predictors of poor quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy include anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, frequency of seizures, and side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Depressive and anxiety disorders impacted on both the adolescents and the family. Programs designed to improve the overall quality of life of these adolescents should include the evaluation and treatment of possible comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders and involve the family. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Adolescents; Anxiety disorders; Cross-cultural; Depressive disorders; Epilepsy; Quality of life	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; adolescent; adult; anxiety disorder; article; comorbidity; controlled study; demography; depression; epilepsy; family; female; human; interview; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; prediction; quality of life; scoring system; side effect; socioeconomics; Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude; Depressive Disorder; Epilepsy; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Parents; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920066410	Epilepsy-related stigma in European people with epilepsy: Correlations with health system performance and overall quality of life	Brigo F., Igwe S.C., Ausserer H., Tezzon F., Nardone R., Otte W.M.	2015	Epilepsy and Behavior	42	None	10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.11.015	Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Department of Neuro-Psychiatry, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi St	Brigo, F., Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Italy, Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Igwe, S.C., Department of Neuro-Psychiatry, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ausserer, H., Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Tezzon, F., Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Nardone, R., Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy, Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Otte, W.M., Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands	We aimed to relate the percentages of encountered epilepsy-related stigma in people with epilepsy with quantitative indicators of the quality of health systems and quality of life by country in Europe. The epilepsy-related stigma percentages were obtained from the largest population-based study in people with epilepsy available. We correlated percentages of people with perceived stigma per European country with data on the country's overall health system performance, health expenditure per capita in international dollars, and the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index. We found a nonsignificant trend towards negative correlation between the epilepsy-related stigma percentage and the overall health system performance (r. = -. 0.16; p. = 0.57), the health expenditure per capita in international dollars (r. = -. 0.24; p. = 0.4), and the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index (r. = -. 0.33; p. = 0.91). Living in a European country with a better health system performance and higher health expenditure per capita does not necessarily lead to a reduction in perceived epilepsy-related discrimination, unless the public health system invests on awareness programs to increase public knowledge and reduce stigma. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Epilepsy; Health expenditure; Health system performance; Stigma	Article; controlled study; Czech Republic; Denmark; epilepsy; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; health care cost; health care quality; health survey; human; Hungary; Italy; life satisfaction; major clinical study; Netherlands; patient satisfaction; Poland; Portugal; quality of life; quality of life index; social status; Spain; stigma; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom; economics; epilepsy; Europe; health care delivery; psychology; social stigma; standards; Delivery of Health Care; Epilepsy; Europe; Health Expenditures; Humans; Quality of Life; Social Stigma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907608553	Microseismicity of the Tehran Region based on the data recorded in a local monitoring network: 2004-2010	Vasheghani Farahani J., Zaré M., Cichowicz A.	2014	Episodes	37	3	None	Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran; Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa	Vasheghani Farahani, J., Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Zaré, M., International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran; Cichowicz, A., Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa	Evaluation of the seismicity of a region depends on records of earthquakes. This article assesses the microseismicity of Tehran region, bounded by the coordinates 34.43°-36.87° N and 49.07°-53.13° E. This was investigated by the Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) network from 2004 to 2010. The main purpose of this study was to substantiate the current tectonic activity of the region. We checked whether the observed faults in the region are active or not. Some active trends were found with the strongest activity in the eastern part of the region, especially associated with the North Tehran fault. In addition, records exist of strong historical earthquakes in this zone. These confirm that the area east of Tehran is more active than the west. The magnitude of completeness in the E, NE and SE is Mc=2. Major faults criss-crossing Tehran are located in the foot of the Alborz mountain belt. The released seismic energy map of the region demonstrates that the main active zones with high energy values for microearthquakes are in the east of the region.	None	earthquake catalogue; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; fault zone; microearthquake; mountain region; seismicity; tectonic setting; trend analysis; Elburz; Iran; Tehran [Iran]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928065890	Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage impairs racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses	Morley P.S., Bromberek J.L., Saulez M.N., Hinchcliff K.W., Guthrie A.J.	2015	Equine Veterinary Journal	47	3	10.1111/evj.12368	Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States; Equine Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia	Morley, P.S., Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States; Bromberek, J.L., Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States; Saulez, M.N., Equine Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Hinchcliff, K.W., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia; Guthrie, A.J., Equine Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa	Reasons for performing study: Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) occurs commonly in Thoroughbred racehorses worldwide. While EIPH is believed to be an important cause of impaired performance in these horses, there is limited evidence from sufficiently powered studies to evaluate this association. Objectives: To evaluate whether EIPH is associated with finishing position, distance finished behind race winners and differences in race earning among Thoroughbred horses racing in South Africa. Study design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: One thousand Thoroughbred horses racing in South Africa were enrolled prior to a single race and underwent tracheobronchoscopic examination within 2h of racing. Three observers, blinded to the horses' identity and race performance, independently evaluated EIPH occurrence and severity using video recordings of the examination. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic and linear regression while controlling for important horse and race factors as potential confounding variables. Results: Overall, 68% of horses had evidence of EIPH (grade ≥1). Horses without evidence of EIPH (severity grade 0), when compared with horses with any evidence of EIPH (grade ≥1), were >2 times more likely to win races (odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.7; P = 0.001), finished an average of one length ahead of horses with EIPH (P = 0.03), and were 2.5 times more likely to be in the highest decile in race earnings (odds ratio = 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.1, P<0.001). However, no association was identified regarding finishing in the top 3 positions or earning money when analysed as a continuous variable or analysed as any winnings vs. none. Conclusions: Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage was associated with impaired performance in Thoroughbred racehorses not medicated with furosemide and not using nasal dilator strips. These findings provide strong corroboration of previous research indicating that the occurrence of EIPH has a major impact on the ability of Thoroughbred racehorses to compete successfully as elite athletes. © 2014 EVJ Ltd.	Eiph; Exercise; Haemorrhage; Horse; Lung; Risk factor	Congiopodidae; Equidae; adverse effects; animal; animal experiment; cross-sectional study; exercise; female; Hemorrhage; horse; horse disease; Lung Diseases; male; pathology; prospective study; running; South Africa; sport; veterinary; Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hemorrhage; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lung Diseases; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical Exertion; Prospective Studies; Running; South Africa; Sports	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876286004	The effects of a self-selected nap opportunity on the psychophysiological, performance and subjective measures during a simulated industrial night shift regimen	Davy J., Göbel M.	2013	Ergonomics	56	2	10.1080/00140139.2012.751459	Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Davy, J., Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Göbel, M., Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	This study compared the effects of a 1 h self-selected recovery period to those of a standard night shift arrangement (with a total break time of 1-h) over a simulated three-day night shift schedule in a laboratory setting. Results showed that the inclusion of the flexible nap scheme resulted in higher performance output, improvements in physiological strain responses and reduced sleepiness during each night shift and generally over the three-night cycle. Certain variables also revealed the impact of napping compared with the standard rest break condition on the circadian rhythm. The sleep diary records show that the inclusion of the current intervention did not significantly reduce daytime recovery sleep. The results suggest that the potential benefits of flexible napping may outweigh the logistical effort it requires in a workplace environment.Practitioner summary: Consensus on appropriate napping strategies for shift work remains a challenge. This simulated night shift laboratory study sought to determine the effects of a 1-h self-selected nap opportunity relative to a normal shift set-up. The nap improved performance and decreased sleepiness, without affecting daytime sleep. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	fatigue; napping; performance; shift work	Circadian rhythms; Laboratory studies; napping; performance; Physiological strains; Potential benefits; Recovery periods; Shift work; Ergonomics; Fatigue of materials; Physical therapy; Sleep research; arousal; article; attention; circadian rhythm; critical flicker fusion; female; heart rate; human; male; neuropsychological test; perceptive threshold; psychomotor performance; reaction time; sleep; thermoregulation; work schedule; young adult; Arousal; Attention; Body Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Flicker Fusion; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Sensory Thresholds; Sleep; Work Schedule Tolerance; Young Adult; Arousal; Attention; Body Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Flicker Fusion; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Sensory Thresholds; Sleep; Work Schedule Tolerance; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248337864	Teachers' perception of teaching as correlates of students' academic performance in Oyo State, Nigeria	Adu E.O., Olatundun S.O.	2007	Essays in Education	20	None	None	University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adu, E.O., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olatundun, S.O., University of Ibadan, Nigeria	It needs to be pointed out that the role of the teacher is of paramount importance in the education system. He is the custodian of knowledge and instructor of instruction. It is often said that the standard of education can not grow beyond the level or standard of the teachers. Therefore this study examined the Teachers' perception of teaching as correlate of students' academic performance in Oyo state, Nigeria. The results showed that, the relationship between teachers' perceptions and students' performance is positive and significant that is, the perceptions of teachers have effect on students' performance, (r = 0.372, P<.05) Also it was revealed that qualification has no significant effect on students performance as t=0.683, P>.05.Teachers attitudes and good behaviour has a significant effect on performance (r=0.395, P<.05) and Methods of teaching has significant effect on students performance (r= 0.591,P<.05). It was however recommended that it is necessary for the teacher as a member of his profession to be an enlightened person who possesses a thorough mastery of broad field of human knowledge, subject matter, attitudes and behaviour.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855175182	Occurrence and persistence of water level/salinity states and the ecological impacts for St Lucia estuarine lake, South Africa	Lawrie R.A., Stretch D.D.	2011	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	95	1	10.1016/j.ecss.2011.08.007	Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Lawrie, R.A., Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Stretch, D.D., Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa	The St Lucia estuarine lake in South Africa forms part of a World Heritage Site and is an important local source of biodiversity. Like many estuarine systems worldwide, St Lucia has experienced significant anthropogenic impacts over the past century. Abstractions have decreased fresh water inflows from the lake catchments by about 20%. Furthermore the Mfolozi river, which previously shared a common inlet with St Lucia and contributed additional fresh water during droughts, was diverted from the system in 1952 because of its high silt loads. The separated St Lucia mouth was subsequently kept artificially open until the onset of a dry period in 2002 when the mouth was left to close naturally. These changes and the current drought have placed the system under severe stress with unprecedented hypersaline conditions coupled with desiccation of large portions of the lake. Long-term simulations of the water and salt balance were used to estimate the occurrence and persistence of water levels and salinities for different management scenarios. The risks of desiccation and hyper-salinity were assessed for each case. The results show that the configuration of the Mfolozi/St Lucia inlets plays a key role in the physicochemical environment of the system. Without the Mfolozi link desiccation (of about 50% of the lake area) would occur for 32% of the time for an average duration of 15 months. Artificially maintaining an open mouth would decrease the chance of desiccation but salinities would exceed 65 about 17% of the time. Restoring the Mfolozi link would reduce the occurrence of both desiccation and hypersaline conditions and a mostly open mouth state would occur naturally. Integrating these modeled scenarios with observed biological responses due to changes in salinity and water depth suggests that large long-term changes in the biological structure can be expected in the different management scenarios. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological responses; Persistence times; Salinity; St Lucia; Water level	anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; desiccation; long-term change; physicochemical property; restoration ecology; salinity; water depth; water level; World Heritage Site; KwaZulu-Natal; Lake Saint Lucia; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051800673	Swashed away? Storm impacts on sandy beach macrofaunal communities	Harris L., Nel R., Smale M., Schoeman D.	2011	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	94	3	10.1016/j.ecss.2011.06.013	Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa; School of Environmental Science, University of Ulster, Ulster, Ireland	Harris, L., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Nel, R., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Smale, M., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa; Schoeman, D., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa, School of Environmental Science, University of Ulster, Ulster, Ireland	Storms can have a large impact on sandy shores, with powerful waves eroding large volumes of sand off the beach. Resulting damage to the physical environment has been well-studied but the ecological implications of these natural phenomena are less known. Since climate change predictions suggest an increase in storminess in the near future, understanding these ecological implications is vital if sandy shores are to be proactively managed for resilience. Here, we report on an opportunistic experiment that tests the a priori expectation that storms impact beach macrofaunal communities by modifying natural patterns of beach morphodynamics. Two sites at Sardinia Bay, South Africa, were sampled for macrofauna and physical descriptors following standard sampling methods. This sampling took place five times at three- to four-month intervals between April 2008 and August 2009. The second and last sampling events were undertaken after unusually large storms, the first of which was sufficiently large to transform one site from a sandy beach into a mixed shore for the first time in living memory. A range of univariate (linear mixed-effects models) and multivariate (e.g. non-metric multidimensional scaling, PERMANOVA) methods were employed to describe trends in the time series, and to explore the likelihood of possible explanatory mechanisms. Macrofaunal communities at the dune-backed beach (Site 2) withstood the effects of the first storm but were altered significantly by the second storm. In contrast, macrofauna communities at Site 1, where the supralittoral had been anthropogenically modified so that exchange of sediments with the beach was limited, were strongly affected by the first storm and showed little recovery over the study period. In line with predictions from ecological theory, beach morphodynamics was found to be a strong driver of temporal patterns in the macrofaunal community structure, with the storm events also identified as a significant factor, likely because of their direct effects on beach morphodynamics. Our results also support those of other studies suggesting that developed shores are more impacted by storms than are undeveloped shores. Whilst recognising we cannot generalise too far beyond our limited study, our results contribute to the growing body of evidence that interactions between sea-level rise, increasing storminess and the expansion of anthropogenic modifications to the shoreline will place functional beach ecosystems under severe pressure over the forthcoming decades and we therefore encourage further, formal testing of these concepts. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	(E): 25° 30' 21.94″ E; (S): 34° 02' 25.67″ S; (W): 25° 29' 14.05″ E; Bounding co-ordinates: (N): 34° 01' 50.99″ S; Burrowing organisms; Climatic changes; Coastal erosion; Dynamic response; Eastern Cape; Ecosystem resilience; Port Elizabeth; Sardinia Bay;	anthropogenic effect; beach; climate change; community structure; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact; experimental study; habitat conservation; linearity; management practice; morphodynamics; multivariate analysis; numerical model; prediction; pressure effect; sampling; storm; time series; volume; South Africa	None
None	None	Impact of hydrographic parameters and seasonal variation in sediment fluxes on coral status at Chumbe and Bawe reefs, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Muzuka A.N.N., Dubi A.M., Muhando C.A., Shaghude Y.W.	2010	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	89	2	10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.007	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Muzuka, A.N.N., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Dubi, A.M., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Muhando, C.A., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Shaghude, Y.W., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Coral reefs which are an important resource to coastal communities and nation at large are adversely affected by rate of sediment flux to the reefs. However, there is little information on seasonal trend in sediment flux and its impact at the reefs off Zanzibar. Two years' monthly data on sedimentation at Chumbe and Bawe reefs were used to assess seasonal variability in sediment flux and its implication on the coral status. Sediment flux to the Bawe reefs for the duration of the study ranged from 0.2 to 41.5 mg cm-2 d-1, while it ranged from 0.8 to 65.8 mg cm-2 d-1 at the Chumbe reefs. Sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs were highest between November and March, while they were highest between April and September at Chumbe reefs. Generally, sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs were low compared to those at Chumbe. The total sediment input to the reefs ranged from 4615 to 123,403 kg d-1 for Bawe reefs and 2750 to 79,636 kg d-1 for Chumbe reefs. High sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs between November and March; and the Chumbe reefs between April and September can be attributed to water currents and wind pattern in the east African region which are under the influence of the monsoons. The observed trend suggests that the period for coral transplant as a management option for the two sites should be different. Coral transplant can be undertaken in such a way that stress of the corals due to sedimentation can be felt after they have overcome stress from transplant process and temperature. The results from this study contribute to the much needed information for coral transplant, restoration, and management. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Coral reef; Currents; Sedimentation rate; Tanzania; Waves; Zanzibar	coral reef; hydrography; marine ecosystem; monsoon; restoration ecology; seasonal variation; sedimentation; sedimentation rate; wind-driven current; Tanzania; Zanzibar Island; Anthozoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873716775	Performance of CareStart™ malaria Pf/Pv combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the Afar Region, North East Ethiopia	Chanie M., Erko B., Animut A., Legesse M.	2012	Ethiopian Journal of Health Development	25	3	None	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa,