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Scopus	2-s2.0-84909983185	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of dihydroartemisinyl-chalcone esters	Smit F.J., Van Biljon R.A., Birkholtz L.-M., N'da D.D.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	90	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.016	Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Smit, F.J., Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Biljon, R.A., Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Birkholtz, L.-M., Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; N'da, D.D., Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	A series of dihydroartemisinyl-chalcone esters were synthesized through esterification of chalcones with dihydroartemisinin (DHA). The hybrids were screened against chloroquine (CQ) sensitive (3D7) and CQ resistant (W2) strains of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and were all found to be active, with IC<inf>50</inf> values ranging between 1.5 and 11 nM against both strains, with SI values over 5800. The esters featuring oxygenated aryl rings (7, 10 and 11), were found to be equipotent to DHA, but were 2-3 times more active than artesunate against the 3D7 and W2 strains of the malaria parasites. They were also screened in vitro against a panel of three cancer cell lines consisting of TK-10, UACC-62 and MCF-7. Compound 7, bearing a furan ring, displayed the most potent overall antitumor activity against all three cancer cell lines. TGA revealed that the targeted hybrids were all thermally more stable than DHA, which may be beneficial to the high temperature storage conditions that prevail in malaria endemic countries. During this study, ester 7 was identified as the best candidate for further investigation as a potential drug in search for new, safe and effective antimalarial drugs. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS.	Antitumor; Chalcone; Dihydroartemisinin; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum	10 aplha dihydroartemisinyl 4 [(1e) 3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl) 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 beta dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 oxo 3 (2,3,4 trichlorophenyl)]prop 1 en yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [(1e) 3 oxo 3 phenylprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 (2,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 (3 methoxy 4 nitrophenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 (3,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 4 [(1e) 3 oxo 3 phenylprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (2,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (3 methoxy 4 nitrophenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (3,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 oxo 3 (2,3,4 trichlorophenyl)]prop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artesunate; chalcone derivative; chloroquine; dihydroartemisinin; dihydroartemisinin derivative; dihydroartemisinyl chalcone ester; ester derivative; furan; unclassified drug; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin derivative; chalcone; ester; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; Article; cancer cell line; controlled study; drug screening; drug stability; drug storage; drug synthesis; high temperature; human; human cell; IC50; in vitro study; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; storage temperature; structure activity relation; cell proliferation; chemical structure; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug sensitivity; MCF 7 cell line; synthesis; tumor cell line; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Artemisinins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chalcone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Esters; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship	NRF, UID 76443, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874159362	Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route to 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin chimeras: Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation	Raj R., Singh P., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2013	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	62	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.032	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	We describe the synthesis and antimalarial activities of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin hybrids. Activity against cultured parasites was dependent on the C-5 substituent of the isatin ring as well as the alkyl chain length between the isatin and 7-chloroquinoline moieties. Compound 8h, with an optimum alkyl chain length (n = 3) and a chloro substituent at the C-5 position of the isatin ring, displayed the best activity among the test compounds, with IC50 value of 1.21 μM against cultured W2-strain Plasmodium falciparum. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1H-1,2,3-triazole; 7-Chloroquinoline-isatin conjugates; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship	1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl} 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; alkyne derivative; antimalarial agent; azide; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; chimera; cycloaddition; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Alkynes; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Azides; Cyclization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isatin; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66849127677	Evaluation of cryptolepine and huperzine derivatives as lead compounds towards new agents for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis	Oluwafemi A.J., Okanla E.O., Camps P., Muñoz-Torrero D., Mackey Z.B., Chiang P.K., Seville S., Wright C.W.	2009	Natural Product Communications	4	2	None	Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain; Depart	Oluwafemi, A.J., Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Okanla, E.O., Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Camps, P., Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain; Muñoz-Torrero, D., Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain; Mackey, Z.B., Department of Pathology, Sandler Centre for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, QB3 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Chiang, P.K., Pharmadyn Inc., 525 Del Rey, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, United States; Seville, S., Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Wright, C.W., Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom	The alkaloid cryptolepine (1) and eight synthetic analogues (2-8) were assessed for in vitro activities against Trypanosoma brucei. Four of the analogues were found to be highly potent with IC50 values of less than 3 nM and three of these were assessed against T. brucei brucei infection in rats. The most effective compound was 2, 7-dibromocryptolepine (7); a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg suppressed parasitaemia and increased the mean survival time to 13.6 days compared with 8.4 days for untreated controls. In addition, four huperzine derivatives (9-12) were shown to have in vitro antitrypanosomal activities with IC50 values ranging from 303-377 nM.	Cryptolepine; Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; Huperzia serrata; Huperzine; Huprine; Trypanosomiasis	11 chlorocryptolepine; 2 chlorocryptolepine; 2 fluorocryptolepine; 2,7 dibromocryptolepine; 7 bromocryptolepine; 7 bromocryptolepine hydrochloride; 8 chlorocryptolepine; cryptolepine; cryptolepine derivative; huperzine A; thiomersal; unclassified drug; antitrypanosomal agent; indole alkaloid; quinoline derivative; sesquiterpene; African trypanosomiasis; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antiprotozoal activity; article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; drug structure; female; IC 50; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mouse; nonhuman; parasitemia; rat; reference value; single drug dose; survival time; Trypanosoma brucei; animal; chemical structure; chemistry; Cryptolepis; drug administration route; human; Huperzia; Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; Huperzia serrata; Rattus; Trypanosoma brucei; Animals; Cryptolepis; Drug Administration Routes; Humans; Huperzia; Indole Alkaloids; Molecular Structure; Quinolines; Rats; Sesquiterpenes; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomiasis, African	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862338892	Evaluation of the acetone and aqueous extracts of mature stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties	Tanih N.F., Ndip R.N.	2012	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	2012	None	10.1155/2012/834156	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	Tanih, N.F., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	We assayed the antimicrobial activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea on some selected bacteria and fungi species including; Streptococcus pyogenes, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon mucoides, and Candida krusei using both agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Based on the levels of activity, the acetone extract was examined for total polyphenolic content, radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Total phenols of the extract were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power. All the bacteria and fungi species were susceptible to the plant extracts. The acetone extract was the most active for the bacterial species with MIC (0.1560.625mg/mL) while the aqueous extract was the most active for the fungi species with MIC (0.31251.25mg/mL). The polyphenolic compounds were found as 27.2mg/g tannic acid equivalent, 25.2mg/g quercetin equivalent, 9.1mg/g quercetin equivalent for phenols, flavonoid and flavonols respectively. The acetone extract exhibited a remarkable ability to scavenge radicals, strong reducing ability and a potential source of natural antioxidants. Both the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may provide a target for drug discovery. Copyright © 2012 Nicoline F. Tanih and Roland N. Ndip.	None	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); acetone; amphotericin B; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; ciprofloxacin; flavonoid; flavonol; plant extract; quercetin; scavenger; sclerocarya birrea extract; tannin; unclassified drug; Aeromonas hydrophila; agar diffusion; Anacardiaceae; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; article; bark; Candida glabrata; Candida krusei; controlled study; Cryptococcus neoformans; drug activity; drug screening; drug sensitivity; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant stem; Plesiomonas shigelloides; priority journal; Salmonella typhimurium; Sclerocarya birrea; spectrophotometry; Streptococcus pyogenes; Trichosporon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247483435	Evaluation of antioxidant activity and the fatty acid profile of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina growing in South Africa	Erasto P., Grierson D.S., Afolayan A.J.	2007	Food Chemistry	104	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.013	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Erasto, P., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Grierson, D.S., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were examined for antioxidant activity and analysed for their fatty acids content. Using transesterification and GC-MS analysis, 12 fatty acids were identified, which accounted for 74.1% of the lipid content. Two essential fatty acids (EFA), linoleic and α-linolenic acid were found in abundance in the oil. Using DPPH and a ABTS radical scavenging experiments, acetone, methanol and water extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity. The methanol extract exhibited high activity, by scavenging 75-99.3% of the DPPH radicals and 96.2-100% of the ABTS{radical dot}+radicals. These values are higher than those of butylated hydroxytoluene and were less than or equal to those of catechin. The water extract was the least active; its activity ranged from 29% to 88% for DPPH radicals and 76.8-98.3% for ABTS{radical dot}+. The presence of EFA and the high antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts have validated the importance of V. amygdalina in the diet. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidant activity; Fatty acids; Free radical scavenging; Vernonia amygdalina	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); acetone; antioxidant; butylcresol; catechin; fatty acid; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; methanol; oil; scavenger; sulfonic acid derivative; unclassified drug; Vernonia amydalina extract; water; antioxidant activity; article; diet; drug activity; gas chromatography; mass spectrometer; nonhuman; plant; screening; South Africa; transesterification; vernonia amygdalina; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863803528	Evaluation of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Artemisia afra jacq. ex willd. aqueous extract	Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Afolayan, A.J., Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. is widely used in South African traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments and diseases. In this work, aqueous extract of the plant was screened for its phenolic profile and antioxidant activity. The results obtained revealed that the extract has considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds including phenol, flavonoid, flavonol and proanthocyanidin. The extract also exhibited significant inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radicals as well as ferric reductive ability in a concentrationdependent manner. These are indications of antioxidant activity of A. afra which could be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds; and the data compared well with those of known standards like BHT, rutin and vitamin C. This study has, to some extent, justified the folkloric use of the herb in traditional medicinal practice of South Africa. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	ABTS; Antioxidant; Artemisia afra; DPPH; Free radicals; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); antioxidant; Artemisia afra extract; ascorbic acid; butylcresol; flavonoid; flavonol; phenol; plant extract; polyphenol derivative; proanthocyanidin; rutoside; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; Artemisia; Artemisia afra; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; nonhuman; plant leaf; Artemisia afra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928650100	Development and evaluation of liquid oral phytoformulation of Phyllanthus amarus	Avbunudiogba J.A., Alalor C.A., Builders P.F., Odozie S.	2013	Journal of Pharmacy Research	6	9	10.1016/j.jopr.2013.08.029	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Devel	Avbunudiogba, J.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Alalor, C.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Odozie, S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria	Background: The leaves of Phyllanthus amarus (family: Euphorbiaceae) is reported to have good medicinal values such as antitussive properties. However the extract of the plant is very bitter, this constitutes a challenge in formulating an acceptable oral liquid dosage form. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a pleasant tasting liquid preparation of the extract by a taste masking technique as well as evaluate some physicochemical properties of the formulation that relate to its stability. Methods: Six formulations (A-F) of the extract were prepared. To obtain the most stable and acceptable taste of the herbal syrup the physicochemical properties such as: colour, taste, pH, specific gravity, as well as its antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results and discussion: Formulation C which contains ethanol, citric acid, glycerin and syrup BP as the taste masking agents was adjudged to have the most acceptable taste and stability. Generally formulations C showed a pH of 6.61±0.02 and 6.62±0.04, specific gravity of 1.24±0.02g/ml and 1.28±0.01g/ml immediately after formulation and after storage for 10 weeks respectively. Conclusion: Formulating P. amarus extract with ethanol, citric acid, glycerin and syrup BP produced palatable and stable herbal syrup. © 2013 JPR Solutions.	Antitussive property; Aqueous extract; Herbal syrup; Phyllanthus amarus; Phytochemical properties	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alcohol; citric acid; glycerol; Phyllanthus amarus extract; water; antioxidant activity; Article; color; drug formulation; drug stability; drug storage; drug synthesis; herbal medicine; nonhuman; pH; physical chemistry; plant leaf; plant stem; qualitative research; relative density; room temperature; solvent extraction; syrup; taste	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251520952	Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Persea americana and Cnidosculus aconitifolius	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Fakunle J.B., Emman-Okon B.O., Ajayi E.O., Togun R.A.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	11	10.3923/pjn.2010.1074.1077	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Depar	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fakunle, J.B., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Emman-Okon, B.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Ajayi, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Togun, R.A., Department of Heamatology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria	The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activities of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius was evaluated using various experimental methods such as 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and reducing power radical- scavenging activity assay. Phytochemical screening as well as the amounts of total phenol and flavonoids were also determined. The present study revealed that both the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cni dosculous aconitifolius possess significant antioxidant activities. However, Persea americana was found to have higher radical scavenging activity than Cnidosculous aconitifolius but the phenol content of Cnidosculous aconitifolius was higher than that of Persea americana whereas Persea americana was observed to possess more flavonoids than Cnidosculous aconitifolius. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Antioxidant activities; Methanol extracts; Phytochemical screening; Radical-scavenging activity	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardenolide derivative; Cnidosculous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glycoside; nitric oxide; Persea americana extract; phenol; phlobatannin derivative; plant extract; quercetin; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; triterpene derivative; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; Cnidosculous aconitifolius; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; scavenging system; Cnidosculus; Persea americana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957877665	Evaluation of the antimalarial potential of Vernonia ambigua kotschy and peyr (Asteraceae)	Builders M.I., Wannang N.N., Ajoku G.A., Builders P.F., Onsadipe A., Aguiyi J.C.	2011	International Journal of Pharmacology	7	2	10.3923/ijp.2011.238.247	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pha	Builders, M.I., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria; Wannang, N.N., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Ajoku, G.A., Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Onsadipe, A., Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Aguiyi, J.C., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria	Some traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria have claimed the use of the decoction of the whole plant of Vernonia ambigua for the management of malaria. The aim of this study is to authenticate the antimalarial potential of this plant by evaluating its antiplasmodial activities. The freeze-dried decoctions of the whole plant of V. ambigua were used for the study. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity using 2, 2-Diphenyl-l-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) were determined. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) and in vivo antiplasmodial activity were determined in Swiss albino mice. Different doses of the extract (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg-1 PO) were administered to the mice infected with 1×177 Plasmodium berghei berghei. Four days suppressive and curative effects against established infections as well as prophylactic activities were evaluated. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was carried out on Plasmodium falciparum using different concentrations of the decoction. The decoction showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, phenols and reducing sugars and a moderate antioxidant activity. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg kg-1. Effective dose dependent inhibitions of parasitaemia were observed in the suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. The in vitro screening also showed a moderate antiplasmodial activity (31.62 μg mL-1&lt;IC50&lt;50 μg mL-1). The effective antiplasmodial activities of V. ambigua could be attributed to its content of certain phytochemicals and may partly explain its use for the treatment of malaria. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antioxidant property; Antiplasmodial activity; Oral median lethal dose; Phytochemical components; Vernonia ambigua	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; ascorbic acid; chloroquine; essential oil; flavonoid; phenol derivative; plant extract; plant resin; saponin derivative; sterol derivative; sugar; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; Vernonia ambigua extract; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; antioxidant activity; aqueous solution; article; blood sampling; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug mechanism; drug screening; freeze drying; human; human cell; in vitro study; in vivo study; LD 50; lethal dose; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Plasmodium berghei infection; Plasmodium falciparum; survival time; toxicity testing; Vernonia; Vernonia ambigua	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884254772	Evaluation of the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of the methanol leaf extract of Berlinia grandiflora	Ode O.J., Nwaehujor C.O., Nwinyi C.F.	2013	Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad)	13	8	10.3923/jms.2013.743.748	Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Ode, O.J., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Nwaehujor, C.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Nwinyi, C.F., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Nigeria	Hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant activities of the methanol leaf extract of Berlinia grandiflora were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to scientifically prove its folkloric use. Osmotic fragility test and phytochemical analysis of the extract were investigated. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by injection of 50 mg kg-1 (i.p.) of freshly prepared streptozotocin. Three doses of the extract (50,100 and 250 mg kg-1) per os were used with glibenclamide (2 mg kg-1) as reference drug and a negative control. Fasting blood glucose was monitored at 1, 3 and 6 h. Anti-oxidant activity was studied using the DPPH and FRAP spectrophotometric assays. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Acute toxicity studies revealed the extract was safe at 500 mg kg-1. Treatment of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats using the crude extract of B. grandiflora reduced the fasting blood glucose levels significantly (p&lt;0.01) in a dose dependent manner. DPPH and FRAP results were comparable to Ascorbic acid. The crude extract did not disrupt eiythrocyte cell membranes. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. This suggests that B. grandiflora possesses anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and membrane stabilizing activities. The extract could be a potential source of novel anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant agents.	Anti-diabetic; Anti-oxidant; Berlinia glandiflora; DPPH; FRAP; Glibenclamide; Osmotic fragility; Streptozotocin	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid derivative; antidiabetic agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; Berlinia grandiflora extract; flavonoid; glibenclamide; methanol; plant extract; plant glycoside; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; antioxidant activity; article; Berlinia grandiflora; blood glucose monitoring; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diet restriction; dose response; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; erythrocyte membrane; fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; hyperglycemia; legume; male; nonhuman; osmotic fragility; plant leaf; rat; streptozocin diabetes; traditional medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349515848	Evaluation of antioxidant properties of phaulopsis fascisepala C.B.Cl. (Acanthaceae)	Adesegun S.A., Fajana A., Orabueze C.I., Coker H.A.B.	2009	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	6	2	10.1093/ecam/nem098	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Adesegun, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Fajana, A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Orabueze, C.I., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, H.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	The antioxidant activities of crude extract of Phaulopsis fascisepala leaf were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol and BHT as synthetic antioxidants and ascorbic acid as natural-based antioxidant. In vitro, we studied its antioxidative activities, radical-scavenging effects, Fe 2+-chelating ability and reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The extract showed variable activities in all of these in vitro tests. The antioxidant effect of P. fascisepala was strongly dose dependent, increased with increasing leaf extract dose and then leveled off with further increase in extract dose. Compared to other antioxidants used in the study, α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT, P. fascisepala leaf extract showed less scavenging effect on α,α,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and less reducing power on Fe3+/ferricyanide complex but better Fe2+- chelating ability. These results revealed the in vitro antioxidant activity of P. fascisepala. Further investigations are necessary to verify these activities in vivo.	Iron chelating power; Phenolic content; Radical scavenging; Reducing power	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; butylcresol; ferric ion; ferricyanide; phenol derivative; Acanthaceae; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; iron chelation; Phaulopsis fascisepala; plant leaf; priority journal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928650473	Evaluation of the invitro anti-oxidant activity of Alternanthera brasiliana leaves	Enechi O.C., Odo C.E., Wuave C.P.	2013	Journal of Pharmacy Research	6	9	10.1016/j.jopr.2013.09.006	Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Enechi, O.C., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Odo, C.E., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Wuave, C.P., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Background and aim: Alternanthera brasiliana belongs to the family, Amaranthaceae and is popularly known as Brazilian joyweed. It is a medicinal plant famous for its therapeutic effects in Brazil, South Africa and Nigeria amongst other countries. In the present study, the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. brasiliana was evaluated for its potential anti-oxidant activity. Methods: This was carried out by determining the concentration of total phenols in the extract as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, iron (II)-chelating, nitric oxide radical-scavenging, ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation assays. Results: The results show that the concentration of total phenols in the extract was 0.031±0.006μg/ml of the extract. In addition, the percentage inhibition of DPPH radical exhibited by the increasing concentrations of the extract, iron (II)-chelating and nitric oxide radical-scavenging activities (in percent), percentage inhibitions of ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation by the extract ranged from 96.29% to 99.59%, 51.43% to 78.78%, 53.43% to 94.85%, 25.00% to 37.90% and 96.26% to 99.50% respectively. Results of the assays were comparable to those of the standard anti-oxidant (ascorbic acid). Conclusion: The above data provide evidences that the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. brasiliana is rich in natural anti-oxidants and thus justify its use in folk medicine especially in the management of free radical-mediated disorders. © 2013 JPR Solutions.	Alternanthera brasiliana; Anti-oxidants; Ethanol; Free radical and lipid peroxidation	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; Alternanthera brasiliana extract; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; carbon tetrachloride; ferrous sulfate; iron chelating agent; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; plant extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; Alternanthera brasiliana; Amaranthaceae; antioxidant activity; Article; drug determination; drug synthesis; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; solvent extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940025563	In vitro evaluation of the comprehensive antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of curtisia dentata (Burm.f) C.A. Sm: Toxicological effect on the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines	Fadipe V.O., Mongalo N.I., Opoku A.R.	2015	EXCLI Journal	14	None	10.17179/excli2015-351	Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Fadipe, V.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Mongalo, N.I., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, South Africa; Opoku, A.R., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Curtisia dentata is used in African traditional medicine to treat variety of infections. C. dentata leaves were collected from Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, South Africa. The ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using micro dilution assay against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Candida albicans and some clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from HIV patient. Acetone extract exhibited lowest MIC of 0.01 mg/ml against Candida albicans compared to other extracts. Besides lupeol, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, β-sitosterol was isolated for the first time from C. dentata leaves and exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.20 to 6.25 mg/ml. Furthermore, the ethanol extract and the four isolated compounds revealed microbicidal effect, with MIC index of less than 4. Ethanol extract revealed the best total activity of 2400 ml/g against Mycoplasma hominis. Cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was further investigated against the Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines using the MTT assay. Ursolic acid exhibited the lowest LD<inf>50</inf> of 122.4 μg/ml against HEK293 cell line while lupeol exhibited LD<inf>50</inf> of 278.8 and 289.4 μg/ml against HEK293 and HepG2 respectively. Lupeol exhibited low selectivity index. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were further investigated for antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The acetone extract exhibited potent inhibition of DPPH compared to ethyl acetate extract. The findings of the current work validate the use of the plant species in the treatment of various human infections. © 2015 Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Curtisia dentata; Cytotoxicity; Ethnomedicine; β-sitosterol	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; betulic acid; Curtisia dentata extract; lupeol; plant extract; sitosterol; streptomycin sulfate; unclassified drug; ursolic acid; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; Article; Candida albicans; controlled study; Curtisia dentata; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; Escherichia coli; HEK293 cell line; HepG2 cell line; human; human cell; in vitro study; LD50; minimum bactericidal concentration; minimum fungicidal concentration; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraxella catarrhalis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycoplasma hominis; nonhuman; plant leaf; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Candida albicans; Curtisia dentata; Escherichia coli; Moraxella catarrhalis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycoplasma hominis; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449124055	Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leave extract of Bauhinia rufescens Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae)	Aliyu A.B., Ibrahim M.A., Musa A.M., Ibrahim H., Abdulkadir I.E., Oyewale A.O.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	8	None	Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Aliyu, A.B., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, M.A., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Abdulkadir, I.E., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Oyewale, A.O., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Antioxidant evaluation of Bauhinia rufescens used in Northern Nigerian traditional medicine, was carried out using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and reducing power assay on the methanolic extract of the leaves. The results of the DPPH scavenging activity indicate a concentration dependent antioxidant activity with no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) at 50, 125 and 250 μgml- 1 with those of the standard ascorbic and gallic acids. The total phenolic content was determined and found to be 68.40 ± 0.02 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and the reducing power of 0.071 ± 0.03 nm was obtained. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and saponins whose synergistic effect may be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity. It indicates that the methanolic extract of the leave may have promising antioxidant agents and may also help in the treatment of the diseases caused by free radicals. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Antioxidants; Bauhinia rufescens; DPPH; Free radicals; Reducing power; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; ascorbic acid; Bauhinia rufescens extract; flavanoid; free radical; gallic acid; methanol; phenol; plant extract; saponin; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; Bauhinia rufescens; concentration response; controlled study; drug screening; medicinal plant; Nigeria; phytochemistry; plant leaf; traditional medicine; Bauhinia rufescens; Caesalpinioideae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650361088	Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Melanthera scandens	Adesegun S.A., Alabi S.O., Olabanji P.T., Coker H.A.B.	2010	JAMS Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies	3	4	10.1016/S2005-2901(10)60047-7	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Adesegun, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Alabi, S.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Olabanji, P.T., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, H.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	A methanol extract of dried leaves of Melanthera scandens was examined for antioxidant activities using a variety of assays, including 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous chelating, and ferric thiocyanate methods with ascorbic acid and EDTA as positive controls. The extract showed noticeable activities in most of these in vitro tests. The amount of phenolic compounds in the extract expressed in gallic acid equivalent was found to be 52.8 mg/g. The extract demonstrated inhibition of linoleic acid lipid peroxidation, active reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activities which were less than that of the positive controls. The extract also showed weaker iron chelating effect when compared with the EDTA positive control. The present results showed that M. scandens leaf extract possessed antioxidant properties and this plant is a potential useful source of natural antioxidants. © 2010 Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute.	Antioxidant activities; Lipid peroxidation; Melanthera scandens; Radical scavengindg; Reducing power	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; ascorbic acid; edetic acid; gallic acid; herbaceous agent; linoleic acid; melanthera scandens extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; drug determination; herb; in vitro study; iron chelation; lipid peroxidation; melanthera scandens; nonhuman; plant leaf; priority journal; Asteraceae; Free Radical Scavengers; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18844452979	Radiosynthesis and evaluation of two novel 123I-labeled 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole derivatives as potential infection imaging agents	Rossouw D.D., Lötter M.G., Du Raan H., Jansen S.E., Höhn A., Burger B.V.	2005	Nuclear Medicine and Biology	32	4	10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.02.001	iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Rossouw, D.D., iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Lötter, M.G., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Du Raan, H., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Jansen, S.E., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Höhn, A., iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Burger, B.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Introduction: The inflammation- and infection-seeking properties of 131I-labeled ornidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole derivative, have recently been reported. Whole-body images in rabbits showed a more rapid uptake in inflamed areas compared to 67Ga. In the present study, two novel 123I-labeled 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole derivatives were synthesized and their infection-seeking properties compared with those of 67Ga and 123I-labeled ornidazole. Methods: Radiolabeling was carried out by means of iodide-for-tosylate, triflate or halogen exchange. Various methods were utilized in order to synthesize the labeling precursors for the 123I-labeled novel compounds. Serum stability studies on all of the 123I-labeled tracers were followed by gamma camera imaging studies on rabbits artificially infected with Escherichia coli bacteria. Results and Conclusions: The 123I-labeled tracers were obtained in moderate to good radiochemical yields (34-80%) and acceptable radiochemical purities (93-99%). In contrast to 123I-labeled ornidazole, 1-[(1-hydroxy-3-[123I]iodoprop-2-yloxy)methyl]-2-methyl-4- nitroimidazole (2) and 1-[(1-[123I]iodoprop-2-yloxy)methyl]-2-methyl- 4-nitroimidazole (3) showed high serum stability. Compared to noninfected controls, all of the 123I-labeled tracers showed increased uptake at the area of induced infection after 6 and 24 h, but the uptake was significantly lower than in the case of 67Ga over the same period. Tracer 3 showed a slightly superior uptake after 6 h than the other 123I-labeled tracers over the same period. The advantage of the initially slightly faster rate at which nitroimidazole tracers appear to accumulate in the infection area in comparison to 67Ga might not outweigh the advantage of the eventual higher target to nontarget ratio displayed by 67Ga. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	2-Methyl-4-nitroimidazoles; 123I; Imaging; Infection; Radiosynthesis	1 [(1 hydroxy 3 iodoprop 2 yloxy)methyl] 2 methyl 4 nitroimidazole i 123; 1 [(1 iodoprop 2 yloxy)methyl] 2 methyl 4 nitroimidazole i 123; gallium 67; halogen; iodide; nitroimidazole derivative; ornidazole i 123; tracer; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; bacterial infection; controlled study; drug accumulation; drug screening; drug stability; drug synthesis; drug uptake; Escherichia coli; female; isotope labeling; male; nonhuman; rabbit; radioiodination; rat; scintillation camera; Animals; Citrates; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Escherichia coli Infections; Feasibility Studies; Female; Gallium; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nitroimidazoles; Ornidazole; Rabbits; Radiopharmaceuticals; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858738941	Validation of noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical endocrine activity in ground-feeding aardwolves (Proteles cristata): Exemplifying the influence of consumption of inorganic material for fecal steroid analysis	Ganswindt A., Muilwijk C., Engelkes M., Muenscher S., Bertschinger H., Paris M., Palme R., Cameron E.Z., Bennett N.C., Dalerum F.	2012	Physiological and Biochemical Zoology	85	2	10.1086/664591	Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, Netherlands; Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered Mammals, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Sciences/Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna A-1210, Austria; School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia	Ganswindt, A., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Muilwijk, C., Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, Netherlands; Engelkes, M., Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, Netherlands; Muenscher, S., Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Bertschinger, H., Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Paris, M., Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, Netherlands, Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered Mammals, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Palme, R., Department of Biomedical Sciences/Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna A-1210, Austria; Cameron, E.Z., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia; Bennett, N.C., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Dalerum, F., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	Biologically inert material in feces may confound interpretations of noninvasive fecal endocrine data, because it may induce variance related to differences in foraging behavior rather than to differences in endocrine activity. We evaluated two different enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the noninvasive evaluation of adrenocortical activity in ground-feeding aardwolves (Proteles cristata) and tested the influence of soil content in aardwolffeces on the interpretation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite data. Using adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenges for validation, we successfully identified a cortisol EIA suitable for assessing adrenocortical activity in aardwolves. An alternatively tested 11-oxoetiocholanolone EIA failed to detect a biologically relevant signal after ACTH administration. Although the proportion of inorganic content in aardwolf feces did not alter qualitative conclusions from the endocrine data, the data related to mass of organic content had a larger amount of variance attributed to relevant biological contrasts and a lower amount of variance attributed to individual variation, compared with data related to total dry mass of extracted material. Compared with data expressed as dry mass of extracted material, data expressed as mass of organic content may provide a more refined and statistically powerful measure of endocrine activity in species that ingest large amounts of indigestible material. © 2012 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.	None	11 oxoetiocholanolone; 11-ketoetiocholanolone; corticotropin; drug derivative; etiocholanolone; glucocorticoid; hydrocortisone; comparative study; endocrine disruptor; feces; felid; foraging behavior; immunoassay; steroid; adrenal cortex; animal; article; Carnivora; chemistry; diet; enzyme immunoassay; feces; feeding behavior; female; immunology; male; metabolism; methodology; soil; validation study; Adrenal Cortex; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Diet; Etiocholanolone; Feces; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hyaenidae; Hydrocortisone; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Soil; Proteles; Proteles cristatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866121518	Cobalt mediated ring contraction reaction of lapachol and initial antibacterial evaluation of naphthoquinones derived from lapachol	Eyong K.O., Kumar S.P., Kuete V., Folefoc G.N., Langmi H., Meyer M.J.J., Lall N., Baskaran S.	2012	Medicinal Chemistry Research	21	8	10.1007/s00044-011-9788-9	Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Eyong, K.O., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kumar, S.P., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Folefoc, G.N., Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon, Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Langmi, H., Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Meyer, M.J.J., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Baskaran, S., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India	The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-2-(3-methylbut- 2-enyl)-2H-indene-1,3-dione 3, from lapachol which involves a ring contraction via the Hooker intermediate 1,2-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro- 1H-indene-1- carboxylic acid 2 is described. Different pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives, obtained in our previous synthetic work, were screened for antimycobacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) activity and against resistant strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The results indicated significant activity of all the tested samples against M. tuberculosis and only moderate activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.	Antibacterial; Antituberculosis; Lapachol; Naphthoquinones; Ring contraction	1 (2,3,4,9 tetrahydro 4,9 dioxonaphtho[2,3 b]furany 2 yl) 1 methylethyl nitrate; 1,4 dihydro 3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 2 naphthaleneacetaldehyde; 2 (1 methylethenyl) 2,3 dihydronaphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (1' methylethenyl)naphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 1,4 dihydronaphthalene 2 yl)vinyl acetate; 2 acetyl furanonapthoquinone; 2 hydroxy 2 (3 methylbut 2 enyl) 2h indene 1,3 dione; beta lapachone; cobalt; gentamicin; isoniazid; lapachol; naphthoquinone; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus cereus; bacterial strain; chemical reaction; controlled study; drug screening; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; ring contraction reaction; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649112709	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazides as new class of potential antiprotozoal agents	Bhat A.R., Athar F., Van Zyl R.L., Chen C.-T., Azam A.	2008	Chemistry and Biodiversity	5	5	10.1002/cbdv.200890073	Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Bhat, A.R., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Athar, F., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Chen, C.-T., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Azam, A., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India	A novel series of 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl) phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide, 4a -4n, was synthesized in 9-21% yield by the condensation of 4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)benzaldehyde (3) with various substituted thiosemicarbazides in presence of catalytic amount of AcOH. These compounds were assayed for in vitro antiamoebic activity, and the results showed that out of 14 compounds 9 were found with IC50 values lower than metronidazole corresponding to 1.05- to 4.7-fold increase in activity. MTT Assay showed that all the compounds are nontoxic to human kidney epithelial cell line. 4-(m-Toluidinyl)-1-{[4- (10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazide (4h) showed the highest antiamoebic activity with least cytotoxicity. Some of the compounds were screened for their antimalarial activities and ability to inhibit β-haematin formation, but none of them showed an activity better than chloroquine and quinine. Only one compound out of six showed an activity comparable to standard drug. © 2008 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	1,2,3,4 tetrahydro n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]quinoline 1 carbothiohydrazide; 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; 4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)benzaldehyde; 4 (2 chlorobenzyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (2 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (3 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (4 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 benzyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 4 methyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclooctyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclopentyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperizine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 4 phenyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperazine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 5 [4 (1,3 dioxolan 2 yl)phenyl] 10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin; antiprotozoal agent; chloroquine; hematin; metronidazole; n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]pyrrolidine 1 carbothiohydrazide; quinine; thiosemicarbazide derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal agent; porphyrin; semicarbazide derivative; thiosemicarbazide; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; Entamoeba histolytica; epithelium cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; inhibition kinetics; kidney epithelium; protein synthesis; Amoeba; animal; chemical structure; chemistry; classification; drug effect; Plasmodium; structure activity relation; synthesis; Amoeba; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Molecular Structure; Plasmodium; Porphyrins; Semicarbazides; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869748833	Imidazopyridine-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3: Synthesis and evaluation of amide isostere replacements of the carboxamide scaffold	Yngve U., Söderman P., Svensson M., Rosqvist S., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	Chemistry and Biodiversity	9	11	10.1002/cbdv.201200308	Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Yngve, U., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Söderman, P., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Svensson, M., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported. © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Bioisosteres; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3); Imidazopyridine; Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	1,2,4 oxadiazole derivative; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (propan 2 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (pyridin 3 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 3 [4[[2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridin 7 yl]sulfonyl]piperazin 1 yl]propanenitrile; 7 [2 (morpholin 4 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [3 (2 methoxyethyl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; amide; glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor; imidazopyridine derivative; n (2 hydroxy 1 phenylethyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (2 methoxyethyl) n methyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (3 methoxypropyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n [3 (1h imidazol 1 yl)propyl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n cyclopentyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; drug transformation; human; human cell; Drug Design; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxadiazoles; Pyridines; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876729282	Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant effect of new mono and diselenides	Stefanello S.T., Prestes A.S., Ogunmoyole T., Salman S.M., Schwab R.S., Brender C.R., Dornelles L., Rocha J.B.T., Soares F.A.A.	2013	Toxicology in Vitro	27	5	10.1016/j.tiv.2013.03.001	Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, FUTA Road, Off Ilesha Road, PMB 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nig	Stefanello, S.T., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Prestes, A.S., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Ogunmoyole, T., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, FUTA Road, Off Ilesha Road, PMB 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Salman, S.M., Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Schwab, R.S., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Brender, C.R., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Dornelles, L., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Rocha, J.B.T., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Soares, F.A.A., Departmento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil	This study was designed to examine the antioxidant activity in vitro of novel mono- and diselenide compounds. We compared whether the formation of p-methyl-selenol from compounds 1-phenyl-3-(p-tolylselanyl)propan-2-amine (C1) and 1,2-dip-tolyldiselenide (C4) and o-methoxy-selenol from compounds 1-(2-methoxyphenylselanyl)-3-phenylpropan-2-amine (C2) and 1,2-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)diselenide (C3) may be involved in their antioxidant effects. The compounds were tested against Fe(II) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain and liver homogenates. Likewise, the antioxidant capacity of the compounds was assessed by their ability to decolorize the DPPH radical as well as the Fe(II) chelating assay through the reduction of molybdenum(VI) (Mo6+) to molybdenum(V) (Mo5+). This colorimetric assay was also used to quantify thiol peroxidase (GPx) and oxidase activity and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. The results showed that the novel selenide compounds inhibit the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced by different pro-oxidants, but the monoselenides effects were significant only at concentrations higher than the concentrations of the diselenides. Similarly, the total antioxidant activity was higher in the diselenides. Moreover, GPx and TrxR activity was only observed for the diselenides, which indicates that these compounds are more stable selenol molecules than monoselenides. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Glutathione peroxidase; Lipid peroxidation; Organoselenium compounds; Selenol; Thioredoxin reductase	1 (2 methoxyphenylselanyl) 3 phenylpropan 2 amine; 1 phenyl 3 (4 tolylselanyl)propan 2 amine; 1,2 bis (2 methoxyphenyl)diselenide; 1,2 bis 4 tolyldiselenide; antioxidant; nitroprusside sodium; oxidoreductase; peroxidase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; thiol peroxidase; thioredoxin reductase; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; brain homogenate; chelation; colorimetry; controlled study; drug effect; enzyme activity; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; liver homogenate; male; nonhuman; rat; Animals; Antioxidants; Brain; Glutathione Peroxidase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; NADP; Organoselenium Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893487553	Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid from Piper multiplinervium	Malami I., Gibbons S., Malkinson J.P.	2014	Fitoterapia	93	None	10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.005	Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Malami, I., Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Gibbons, S., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Malkinson, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is an antibacterial agent isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium. This compound has activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. This research aimed to synthesize a natural antibacterial compound and its analogs. The synthesis of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid consists of three steps: straightforward synthesis involving protection of phenolic hydroxyl group, coupling of suitable isoprenyl chain to the protected aromatic ring at ortho position followed by carboxylation with concomitant deprotection to give the derivatives of the salicylic acid. All the three prenylated compounds synthesized were found to exhibit spectrum of activity against S. aureus (ATCC) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 41.46 × 10- 2 and 6.19 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. The compounds also displayed activity against resistance strain of S. aureus (SA1119B) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 7.29 × 10- 3 and 3.09 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. This synthesis has been achieved and accomplished with the confirmation of it structure to that of the original natural product, thus producing the first synthesis of the natural product and providing the first synthesis of its analogs with 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid having biological activity higher than that of the original natural product. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Antibacterial; Piper multiplinervium; Prenylated salicylic acid; Staphylococcus aureus	1, 3 dibromo 2 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 dimethlyallyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 farnesyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 geranyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 3 dimethylallyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 farnesyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 geranyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; aromatic compound; natural product; norfloxacin; phenol; salicylic acid; unclassified drug; 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; farnesol; hydroxybenzoic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; biological activity; carboxylation; controlled study; deprotection reaction; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; Helicobacter pylori; isoprenylation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Piper (plant); Piper multiplinervium; plant leaf; prenylation; priority journal; Staphylococcus aureus; structure activity relation; analogs and derivatives; chemistry; medicinal plant; microbial sensitivity test; Piper (plant); synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Farnesol; Hydroxybenzoates; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piper; Plants, Medicinal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650137011	Synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyridine derivatives as antimicrobial agents	Hussen D.A., Bekhit A.A., Hymete A.	2009	Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal	27	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt	Hussen, D.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	In this study, several pyridine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The intermediate chalcone derivatives 2a,b were synthesized by condensation of pyrazole aldehydes 1a,b with acetophenone in alcoholic KOH. Cylization of 2a,b with ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate resulted in pyridine carbonitrile derivatives 3a,b. Furthermore, condensation of pyridine-4-carboxaldeyde, 4 with different amino-derivatives gave rise to pyridine derivatives 5a,b, 6a,b. The oxadiazole derivative 7a was prepared by cylization of 6a with acetic anhydride. Characterization of the synthesized compound was performed using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental microanalyses. The antimicrobial test results revealed that compounds 5a, 6b and 7a (MIC = 50 μg/ml) exhibited half fold antibacterial activity compared to ampicillin (MIC = 25 μg/ml), against B. cereus. On the other hand, compound 3b (MIC = 25 μg/ml) showed an equivalent activity compared to miconazole (MIC = 25 μg/ml) against C. albicans and to clotrimazole (MIC = 100 μg/ml) against the clinical isolate C. albicans 6647. Moreover, this compound was further tested for its acute toxicity profile. The results showed that its oral and parentral LD50s are more than 300 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, compound 3b is a good candidate as antifungal agent with good acute toxicity profile, and deserves more investigation to find out its mechanism of action and bioavailability.	Acute toxicity; Antifungal; in vitro antibacterial; Pyridine derivatives; Synthesis	1 (4 chlorophenyl) 3 phenyl 4 (3 penyl 3 oxophenyl) 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 chlorophenyl) 4 formyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 (3 penyl 3 oxophenyl) 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 4 formyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 2 phenoxy n' [(pyridin 4 yl)methylene]acetohydrazide; 2 phenyl 1 [(4 pyridinyl)methylene]hydrazine; 2,5 (dipyridin 4 yl) 1,3,4 oxadiazole; 6 phenyl 4 (3 phenyl 1 4 chlorophenyl 1h pyrazolyl) 2 oxo 1,2 dihydropyridine 3 carbonitrile; 6 phenyl 4 (3 phenyl 1 4 methylphenyl 1h pyrazolyl) 2 oxo 1,2 dihydropyridine 3 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; acetophenone; aldehyde derivative; ammonium acetate; ampicillin; antiinfective agent; chalcone; clotrimazole; cyanide; ethylcyanoacetate; miconazole; n [(4 pyridinyl)methylene] 4,4' diaminobiphenyl; n' [(pyridin 4 yl)methylene] isonicotinohydrazide; oxadiazole derivative; pyrazole aldehyde; pyrazole derivative; pyridine 4 carboxaldeyde; pyridine carbonitrile derivative; pyridine derivative; unclassified drug; animal experiment; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus cereus; Biginelli reaction; Candida albicans; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; cyclization; drug activity; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; female; isolation procedure; male; microanalysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; mouse; nonhuman; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; substitution reaction; synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869142384	β-Lactam synthon-interceded diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized octahydroindole-based molecular scaffolds and their in vitro cytotoxic evaluation	Singh P., Raj R., Bhargava G., Hendricks D.T., Handa S., Slaughter L.M., Kumar V.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	58	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.049	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, India; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States	Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Bhargava, G., Department of Chemistry, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, India; Hendricks, D.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Handa, S., Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Slaughter, L.M., Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	A convenient and unprecedented synthesis of functionally enriched octahydroindole-based scaffolds has been developed via inter- and intra-molecular amidolysis of C-3 functionalized β-lactams. The cytotoxic evaluation on oesophageal cancer cell line WHCO1 has revealed 7d as the most potent of the test compounds exhibiting an IC50 value of 12.97 μM. The developed strategy further assumes significance as it entails the preparation of highly functionalized indoles without the aid of transition metal catalysis or pre-functionalization of substrates. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	β-Lactam synthon protocol; Cytotoxicity; Diastereoselectivity; Iodocyclization; Octahydroindoles	1 ( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodo 2 ( 4 methoxyphenyl)octahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 1 ( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodo 2 phenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 1,2 bis( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodooctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 2 ( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodo 1 phenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 1,2 diphenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 2 ( 4 methoxyphenyl) 1 phenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 2 ( 4 methoxyphenyl) 1,4 tolyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 2 phenyl 1,4 tolyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; antineoplastic agent; beta lactam derivative; indole derivative; metal; molecular scaffold; octahydroindole; octahydropyrrolo[4,3,2 de]isoquinoline 3,5 dione; synthon; unclassified drug; antineoplastic activity; article; cancer cell culture; catalysis; controlled study; cytotoxicity; diastereoisomer; drug potency; esophagus cancer; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; one pot synthesis; phase transition; stereochemistry; Antineoplastic Agents; beta-Lactams; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Indoles; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898770992	DABCO-promoted one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes and their biological evaluation	Babu G.N., Ayalew H.M., Jain S.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	5	10.1007/s00044-013-0857-0	School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Babu, G.N., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, H.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Jain, S., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India	A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes has been developed via cyclocondensation of vinylmalononitriles and ethylvinylcyanoacetates with heteroarylnitroolefines using diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane as catalyst. The titled compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities at various concentrations. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antitubercular activity; DABCO; Heteroayl-substituted benzenes	1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (1h pyrrole 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4 nitro [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; alkene derivative; benzene derivative; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; cyclooctane derivative; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(1h pyrrol 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(furan 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl 2 carbonitrile; nitrile; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; catalyst; concentration response; controlled study; Escherichia coli; evaluation study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; one pot synthesis; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908874692	Evaluation of some 1H-pyrazole derivatives as a dual acting antimalarial and anti-leishmanial agents	Bekhit A.A., Haimanot T., Hymete A.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	27	6	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt	Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Haimanot, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The synthesis of a novel series of 1H-pyrazole derivatives was achieved by condensation of pyrazole aldehyde 1 with hydrazine hydrate to give hydrazone 7. On the other hand, cyclization of α,β-unsaturated ketone counterpart 2 using hydrazine hydrate in liquid aliphatic acids rendered compounds 4-6 and hydrazine hydrate in ethanol afforded compound 3. The later was allowed to react with aroyl chloride giving rise to compounds 8, 9. All compounds were tested for their in vivo anti-malarial and in vitro antileishmanial activities. The anti-malarial activity was performed using Plasmodium berghei infected mice, while the anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds was determined against Leishmania aethiopica promastigotes using alamar blue reduction assay. Compound 3, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[3-(2-thienyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-yl]-1H-pyrazole, possessed the highest anti-malarial activity with suppression of 70.26%. The highest anti-leishmanial activity was exhibited by compound 2, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[1-(2-thienyl)-prop-2-en-1-one]-1H-pyrazole, with an IC50 of 0.079μg/ml. Hydrazone 7 showed appreciable dual anti-malarial (suppression = 62.30%) and anti-leishmanial activity (IC50 = 1.823μg/ml). © 2014, Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.	1H-pyrazole; Acute toxicity; Alamar blue; Anti-malarial activity; Antileishmanial activity; Leishmania aethiopica; Plasmodium berghei	1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 (phenyl) 1h pyrazole 4 carboxaldehyde hydrazone; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 (2 thienyl) prop 2 en 1 one] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 propyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5yl] 1h pyrazole; 1h pyrazole derivative; 4 [1 acetyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 aroyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 butyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazoline 5 yl] 1 p methylphenyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; alcohol; aliphatic carboxylic acid; antileishmanial agent; antimalarial agent; chloride; hydrazine; hydrazone derivative; ketone; pyrazole derivative; unclassified drug; antimalarial agent; pyrazole derivative; antimalarial activity; Article; controlled study; cyclization; drug design; drug effect; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; in vitro study; in vivo study; Leishmania; Leishmania aethiopica; male; mouse; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei; promastigote; animal; drug effects; toxicity; Animals; Antimalarials; Leishmania; Male; Mice; Plasmodium berghei; Pyrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869113671	Evaluation of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations of state in predicting derivative properties of selected non-polar and hydrogen-bonding compounds	de Villiers A.J., Schwarz C.E., Burger A.J., Kontogeorgis G.M.	2013	Fluid Phase Equilibria	338	None	10.1016/j.fluid.2012.09.035	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	de Villiers, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schwarz, C.E., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Burger, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kontogeorgis, G.M., Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations-of-state, this study offers insight into their application for the prediction of derivative properties over extensive ranges of pressure and temperature. The ability of these models to predict selected properties (heat capacities, pressure-volume derivative, pressure-temperature derivative and speed of sound) are evaluated for n-alkanes and 1-acohols. For n-alkanes, it is shown that the cubic term of CPA is unable to describe the pressure-volume derivative at high pressures, which is a major shortcoming in predicting derivative properties compared to SAFT-based models. Although PC-SAFT and SAFT provide a substantially better prediction of the pressure-volume derivative than CPA, they are still not accurate enough to obtain good speed of sound predictions. All three models are unable to accurately correlate the isochoric heat capacity, indicating an incorrect temperature dependency in these models. PC-SAFT shows peculiar behaviour in the description of the isobaric heat capacity of alkanes that can be traced back to the incorrect description of the pressure-temperature derivative. For 1-alcohols, both CPA and PC-SAFT accurately predict the isobaric heat capacity when modelled with the 3B association scheme, while SAFT is unable to capture the singularities present in the property irrespective of the association scheme used. None of the models are able to predict the speed of sound accurately, because the terms describing physical interactions result in poor estimates of the pressure-volume derivative that governs the property. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; N-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; n-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT; Acoustic wave velocity; Hydrogen bonds; Models; Paraffins; Specific heat; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955865433	Performance evaluation of fuel blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel in a compression ignition engine	Lujaji F., Bereczky A., Mbarawa M.	2010	Energy and Fuels	24	8	10.1021/ef100456a	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	Lujaji, F., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Mbarawa, M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Emission problems associated with the use of fossil fuels have led to numerous research works on the use of renewable fuels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of blends containing croton oil (CRO), 1-butanol (BU), and diesel (D2) on the engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. Samples investigated were 20% CRO-80% D2, 15% CRO-5% BU-80% D2, and 10% CRO-10% BU-80% D2, with D2 as the baseline. The density, viscosity, cetane number, and contents of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen were measured by ASTM standards. A four-cylinder turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine was used for the tests. It was observed that the brake specific energy consumption of blends was found to be high compared to that of the D2 fuel. The addition of BU in the blend reduces the brake thermal efficiency values. BU-containing blends show peak cylinder pressures and heat release rates comparable to those of D2 on higher engine loads. Carbon dioxide and smoke emissions of the BU blends were lower in comparison to those of the D2 fuel. © 2010 American Chemical Society.	None	1-butanol; ASTM Standards; Brake thermal efficiency; Cetane number; Compression ignition engine; Direct injection diesel engines; Emission characteristics; Engine load; Engine performance; Fuel blends; Heat release rates; Peak cylinder pressures; Performance evaluation; Renewable fuels; Smoke Emission; Specific energy consumption; Alcohols; Brakes; Carbon dioxide; Diesel engines; Energy utilization; Fossil fuels; Machine design; Oxygen; Vegetable oils; Engine cylinders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888154310	Urea/oxalamide tethered β-lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates: Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation	Singh P., Raj R., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	71	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.079	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India	The manuscript pertains to the synthesis of urea/oxalamide tethered β-lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates with well modulated chain lengths and their antimalarial evaluation. The results reveal the dependence of activity profiles on the N-1 substituent of the β-lactam ring, the nature of the linker as well as the length of the alkyl chain. The most potent of the tested compounds showed an IC50 of 34.97 nM against chloroquine resistant W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial evaluation; beta;-Lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates; Structure-activity relationship; Urea/oxalamide linker	(1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 ( 7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; artemisinin; bleomycin; chloroquine; deethylamodiaquine; doxorubicin; n (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl oxalamide; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4-styry azetidin 3 oxalimide; n [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetiidn 3 oxalamide; n [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 oxalamide; n[1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] oxalamide; n[3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; quinine; quinoline derivative; unclassified drug; urea derivative; (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; (2 oxo 4) styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; antimalarial agent; artemisinin; beta lactam 7 chloroquinoline derivative; chloroquine; deethylamodiaquine; n (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; oxalamide; quinine; urea; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; drug conjugation; drug synthesis; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; melting point; Plasmodium falciparum; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; thin layer chromatography; antimalarial drug resistance; Article; cytotoxicity; female; HeLa cell line; hydrogen bond; IC50; nonhuman; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship; Urea/oxalamide linker; β-Lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates; Antimalarials; beta-Lactams; Chloroquine; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Oxamic Acid; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878737629	Synthesis of Ti(iv) complexes of donor-functionalised phenoxy-imine tridentates and their evaluation in ethylene oligomerisation and polymerisation	Suttil J.A., Shaw M.F., McGuinness D.S., Gardiner M.G., Evans S.J.	2013	Dalton Transactions	42	25	10.1039/c3dt32465f	School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Suttil, J.A., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Shaw, M.F., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; McGuinness, D.S., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Gardiner, M.G., School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia; Evans, S.J., Sasol Technology Ltd, PO Box 1183, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	A number of analogues of the Mitsui Chemicals ethylene trimerisation system (IV) have been explored, in which one of the donor atoms have been modified. Thus, a series of mono-anionic tridentate phenoxy-imine (3-(t-butyl)-2-(OH)- C6H4CN(C(CH3)2CH2OMe) 1, 3-(adamantyl)-2-(OH)-C6H4CN(2′-(2′′- (SMe)C6H4)-C6H4) 2, 3-(t-butyl)-2-(OSiMe3)-C6H4CN(C(CH 3)2CH2OMe) 3) or phenoxy-amine (3,5-di(t-butyl)-2-(OH)-C6H4CH2-N(2′- (2′′-(OMe)C6H4)-C6H4) 4) ligands have been prepared and reacted with TiCl4 or TiCl 4(thf)2 to give the mono-ligand complexes 5-7. The solid state structures of compounds 4-6 have been determined. Complexes 5-7 have been tested for their potential as ethylene oligomerisation/polymerisation systems in conjunction with MAO activator and benchmarked against the Mitsui phenoxy-imine trimerisation system IV. While the phenoxy-amine complex 6 shows a propensity for polymer formation, the phenoxy-imine complexes 5 and 7 show somewhat increased formation of short chain LAOs. Complex 5 is selective for 1-butene in the oligomeric fraction, while 7 displays liquid phase selectivity to 1-hexene. As such 7, which is a sulfur substituted analogue of the Mitsui system IV, displays similar characteristics to the parent catalyst. However, its utility is limited by the lower activity and predominant formation of polyethylene. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	1-Hexene; Donor atoms; Liquid Phase; Mitsui Chemicals; Phenoxy-imine; Polymer formation; Solid-state structures; Ti complexes; Butenes; Complexation; Ethylene; Nitrogen compounds; Oligomerization; Oligomers; Phenoxy resins; ethylene; ethylene derivative; imine; organometallic compound; phenol derivative; phenoxyl radical; titanium; article; chemical structure; chemistry; polymerization; synthesis; Ethylenes; Imines; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Phenols; Polymerization; Titanium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649335405	Syntheses of new imidazole ligand series and evaluation of 1-, 2- and 4,5-imidazole substituent electronic and steric effects on N-donor strengths	Eseola A.O., Sun W.-H., Li W., Woods J.A.O.	2010	Journal of Molecular Structure	984	03-Jan	10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.09.015	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of P	Eseola, A.O., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sun, W.-H., Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Li, W., Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Woods, J.A.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A series of new imidazole based heterocycles (5-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol- 2-yl)furan-2-yl)methyl acetate (Him-dp), (5-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl) furan-2-yl)methyl acetate (HIm-pt), (5-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2- yl)furan-2-yl)methyl acetate (HIm-phen), 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H- imidazole (HIm-n), 1-methyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (MeIm-n), N-(2-(1-ethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide (EtIm-ba) and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(8-(1-ethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,4- dihydroquinolin-2-yl)phenol (EtIm-q) were synthesized and studied for the dependence of their azole donor characteristics on substituent factors by means of experimentally determined ionization constant data (derived as pK as), spectroscopic analyses and calculated properties of their DFT optimized molecular geometries performed at the B3LYP/6-311 + G level. Results showed that the lowest donor strength recorded for HIm-pt (pKa = 2.67 ± 0.07) could be traced to the extensive electronic conjugation of the azole π-electrons with 4,5- and 2-substituents. On the other hand, the strongest imidazole donor strength in the series was obtained from EtIm-q (pKa = 4.61 ± 0.04) for which the substituents possessed negligible π-overlap with the azole ring. The experimental results and theoretical calculations lead to conclusions that effective conjugation between the imidazole ring and substituent aromatic groups is accountable for significant withdrawal of charge densities on the imidazole N-donor atom and vice versa. Furthermore, observed donor strengths in the series suggest that electronic inductive effects of the substituents provided lesser impact on donor strength modification of imidazole base and that alkylation of 1-imidazole position did not yield the anticipated push of electron density in favour of the N-donor atom. It is anticipated that the results should promote the understanding of azole-containing bio-macromolecular species and reactions as well as tuning and application of azole functions in molecular science. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	DFT calculations; Protonation-deprotonation; Spectroscopy; Substituent effects	1H-imidazole; Aromatic group; Benzamides; DFT calculation; Donor atoms; Donor strength; Electron densities; Heterocycles; Imidazol; Inductive effects; Ionization constant; Methyl acetates; Molecular geometries; Molecular science; Steric effect; Substituent effect; Theoretical calculations; Amides; Phenols; Protonation; Spectroscopic analysis; Sulfur compounds; Impact strength	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924769603	Facile synthesis and biological evaluation of assorted indolyl-3-amides and esters from a single, stable carbonyl nitrile intermediate	Veale C.G.L., Edkins A.L., De La Mare J.-A., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Khanye S.D.	2015	Tetrahedron Letters	56	14	10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.090	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Veale, C.G.L., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Edkins, A.L., Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; De La Mare, J.-A., Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Khanye, S.D., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	The synthesis of biologically relevant amides and esters is routinely conducted under complex reaction conditions or requires the use of additional catalysts in order to generate sensitive electrophilic species for attack by a nucleophile. Here we present the synthesis of different indolic esters and amides from indolyl-3-carbonyl nitrile, without the requirement of anhydrous reaction conditions or catalysts. Additionally, we screened these compounds for potential in vitro antimalarial and anticancer activity, revealing 1H-indolyl-3-carboxylic acid 3-(indolyl-3-carboxamide)aminobenzyl ester to have moderate activity against both lines. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Amide; Carbonyl nitrile; Ester; Indole	1 h indolyl 3 carboxylic acid 3 (indolyl 3 carboxamide)aminobenzyl ester; amide; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; carbonyl derivative; ester derivative; indole derivative; nitrile; unclassified drug; animal cell; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; Article; breast cancer cell line; bromination; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug stability; drug synthesis; electrophilicity; fluorination; IC50; in vitro study; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; Plasmodium falciparum; structure activity relation; triple negative breast cancer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953660726	Pyrazolyl iron, cobalt, nickel, and palladium complexes: Synthesis, molecular structures, and evaluation as ethylene oligomerization catalysts	Ainooson M.K., Ojwach S.O., Guzei I.A., Spencer L.C., Darkwa J.	2011	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	696	8	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.12.029	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Ainooson, M.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Ojwach, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Guzei, I.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Spencer, L.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Reactions of [2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanol] (L1) and [1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole] (L2) with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) salts gave the complexes [(L1)2FeCl2] (1), [(L1)2CoCl2] (2), [(L1)2NiBr2] (3), [(L1)2Pd(Me)Cl] (5), [(L2)2CoCl2] (6), and [(L2)2NiBr2] (7). Whereas L2 behaves as a monodentate ligand, L1 can behave as either a monodentate or bidentate ligand depending on the nature of the metal centre. For palladium, L1 is monodentate in the solid state structure of 5 but bidentate in the structure of 4, obtained during attempts to crystallize 3. While the activation of iron, cobalt and palladium complexes with EtAlCl2 did not produce active ethylene oligomerization catalysts, the nickel complexes 3 and 7 produced active ethylene oligomerization catalysts. Activities as high as 4329 kg/mol Ni h were obtained. Catalyst 3 produced mainly butenes (57%) and hexenes (43%); of which a combined 20% were converted to Friedel-Crafts alkylated-toluene. Catalyst 7, on other hand, produced mainly butenes (90%) and small amounts of hexenes (10%) which were then completely converted to the corresponding Friedel-Crafts alkylated-toluene products. This difference in product distribution in catalysis performed by complexes 3 and 7 is indicative of the role of the OH functionality in L1 on the EtAlCl2 co-catalysts. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catalysts; Ethylene oligomerization; Friedel-Crafts alklylation; Metal complexes; Pyrazolyl ligands	1H-pyrazole; Active ethylene; Bidentate ligands; Co catalysts; Ethylene oligomerization; Ethylene oligomerizations; Friedel-Crafts; Hexenes; Metal centres; Monodentate ligands; Monodentates; Nickel complex; Palladium complexes; Product distributions; Pyrazolyl; Solid-state structures; Butenes; Catalyst activity; Cobalt; Cobalt compounds; Ethanol; Ethylene; Iron compounds; Ligands; Metal complexes; Oligomerization; Oligomers; Palladium; Toluene; Palladium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71349083537	Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods	Okoh O.O., Sadimenko A.P., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Food Chemistry	120	1	10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.084	Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Okoh, O.O., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Sadimenko, A.P., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a perennial herb that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as a food flavouring agent, and well known medicinally for its powerful antimutagenic, antibacterial and chemopreventive properties. Essential oils were obtained from this plant by hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME). GC-MS analyses of the oils revealed the presence of 24 and 21 compounds in the essential oils obtained through HD and SFME, respectively. The total yield of the volatile fractions obtained through HD and SFME was 0.31% and 0.39%, respectively. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as borneol, camphor, terpene-4-ol, linalool, α-terpeneol (28.6%) were present in the oil of SFME in comparison with HD (26.98%). However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, α-phellanderene, 1,8-cineole, trans β-ocimene, γ-terpenene, and cis sabinene hydrate (32.95%) than SFME extracted oil (25.77%). The essential oils obtained using the two methods of extraction were active against all the bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg ml-1. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all the susceptible bacteria ranged between 0.23 mg ml-1 and 7.5 mg ml-1.. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial activity; Essential oil; Hydrodistillation; Rosmarinus officinalis; Solvent free microwave extraction	1 methyl 2,4 nitrophenylbenzimid; 1,5 diphenyl 2h 1,2,4 triazoline; 2 methoxy 3,8 dioxocephalotax 1 ene; alpha phellanderene; behenic acid; beta pinene; borneol; bornyl acetate; camphene; camphor; caryophyllene; caryophyllene oxide; cineole; essential oil; humulene; jasmone; linalool; myrcene; myrtenol; ocimene; pentasiloxane; phthalic acid; phthalic acid derivative; pinene; sabinene; sesquiterpene derivative; terpene 4 ol; terpene derivative; terpinene; unclassified drug; verbinone; antibacterial activity; article; chemical composition; controlled study; distillation; gas chromatography; intermethod comparison; mass spectrometry; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; rosemary; solvent extraction; Dryobalanops; Lamiaceae; Rosmarinus officinalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052520147	Evaluation of ligand effects in the modified cobalt hydroformylation of 1-octene. Crystal structures of [Co(L)(CO)3]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3)	Bungu P.N., Otto S.	2011	Dalton Transactions	40	36	10.1039/c1dt10581g	Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free Sate, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Bungu, P.N., Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Otto, S., Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free Sate, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	A series of phosphine ligands with different electronic and steric properties were evaluated at fully modified conditions in cobalt catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene. The steric demand of the ligands was based on the Tolman cone angle model covering a range of 132-175°. The electron donating ability was evaluated through the first order Se-P coupling constants as determined from the corresponding phosphine selenides covering a range of 672-752 Hz. Crystal structures of three phosphine modified cobalt dimers, [Co(CO)3(L)]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3 with PA-C5 = 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-pentyl-2,4,6- trioxa-8-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane), are reported. The Phoban and Lim ligands (Phoban = mixture of 9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1 and 4.2.1]nonane, Lim = 4,8-dimethyl-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) resulted in systems about twice as active as most of the other ligands investigated, these ligands have a high Lewis basicity with 1JSe-P values from 684-687 Hz. The linearity of the alcohol product in general decreased for the less electron donating ligands while no clear relationship was evident as a function of steric size. The parallel competing hydrogenation of 1-octene to octane varied from 9-15% for a cone angle range of 132-172°, but a sharp increase of up to 40% was observed for PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3, all with cone angles &gt; 169°. The catalytic behaviour provides evidence that is contrary to the dissociative substitution of CO by an alkene as the rate limiting step in all cases. For large symmetrical ligands, such as PA-C 5, PCy3 and PCyp3 the rate limiting step may move within the catalytic cycle and may now be situated at the carbonylation step where the chemoselectivity is also determined. The lack of clear correlation between the steric and electronic effect of the ligands and all catalytic parameters may serve as additional proof that the same system, especially in terms of the rate determining step, is not operative in all cases. The Phoban and Lim systems are superior with the highest reactivity and lowest alkene loss through hydrogenation. The unsymmetrical nature of the Phoban and Lim ligands may provide flexibility to adopt geometries inducing both high and low steric crowding, which may be a reason for its beneficial catalytic properties. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	1-octene; Catalytic behaviour; Catalytic cycles; Catalytic properties; Chemo-selectivity; Cone angle; Coupling constants; Electron-donating ability; Electron-donating ligands; Electronic effects; First order; Lewis basicity; Ligand effect; Modified conditions; Phosphine ligands; Phosphine selenides; Rate determining step; Rate-limiting steps; Sharp increase; Steric crowding; Steric properties; Tolman cone angle; Carbonylation; Cobalt; Hydroformylation; Hydrogenation; Hydroxylation; Olefins; Paraffins; Phosphorus compounds; Photodissociation; Selenium compounds; Ligands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248390209	Ring opening of phthalimide derivatives with benzylamine: Formation of carboxamides and their pharmacological evaluation	Okunrobo L.O., Usifoh C.O.	2007	Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	69	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okunrobo, L.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Usifoh, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The ring opening of phthalimide derivatives viz N-cyclopentylphthalimide (1a), N-benzylphthalimide (1b), N-prop-2-ynylphthalimide (1c), 1-phthloylamino-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperizin-1-yl]-propane(1d) and 1-phthloylamino-4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperizin-1-yl]-butane (1e) was accomplished using benzylamine in dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature to afford the corresponding carboxamides: benzamido-cyclopentane-2-(N-benzyl)- carboxamide (3a) benzamido-1-phenylmethylene-2-(N-benzyl)-carboxamide (3b) and 3-benzamido-prop-2-yne-2-(N-benzyl)- carboxamide (3c) and were unequivocally characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometer and elemental analyses. The products obtained were screened for antiinflammatory and analgesic properties using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema assay and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. The most active compound was 3b for the antiinflammatory activity assay and for the analgesic activity test the most active compound was 3a. The activities were dose-dependent. All the compounds tested showed better analgesic activity than acetylsalicylic acid.	None	1 phthloylamino 3 [4 (2 methoxyphenyl)piperizin 1 yl]propane; 1 phthloylamino 4 [4 (2 methoxyphenyl)piperizin 1 yl]butane; 3 benzamidoprop 2 yne 2 (n benzyl)carboxamide; acetylsalicylic acid; amide; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; benzamido 1 phenylmethylene 2 (n benzyl)carboxamide; benzamidocyclopentane 2 (n benzyl)carboxamide; indometacin; n benzylphthalimide; n cyclopentylphthalimide; n prop 2 ynylphthalimide; phthalimide derivative; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; dose response; drug determination; drug structure; drug synthesis; female; infrared spectroscopy; male; mass spectrometer; mouse; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; paw edema; rat; ring opening; room temperature; structure analysis; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898980052	Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents	Patel V., Bhatt N., Bhatt P., Joshi H.D.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	4	10.1007/s00044-013-0799-6	Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Patel, V., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; Bhatt, N., JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; Bhatt, P., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Joshi, H.D., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India	Novel compounds of biological interest were synthesized by in situ reduction of Schiff's base of 5,6-dimethoxy indanone and 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4 and NaBH3CN. Further alkylation using different alkyl/aryl halides in the presence of NaH in DMF gave a series of novel compounds. A formation of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed on the basis of their spectral and elemental analysis. Further these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and found to have promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one; 5,6-dimethoxy indanone; Antimicrobial agents; In situ reduction of Schiff's base	1 (piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one derivative; 3 benzyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 3 butyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (3 (dimethylamino)propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (4 nitrobenzyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (methoxymethyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 isobutyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 ethyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (2 chloroethyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo{d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (4 chlorobenzyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) n,n diethyl 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxamide; antiinfective agent; ethyl 2 (6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazol 1 yl)acetate; ethyl 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl)2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxylate; imidazole derivative; Schiff base; unclassified drug; alkylation; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; drug screening; drug synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942526419	The Synthesis and Evaluation of C7-Substituted α-Tetralone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase	Legoabe L.J., Petzer A., Petzer J.P.	2015	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	86	4	10.1111/cbdd.12508	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Legoabe, L.J., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Petzer, A., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Petzer, J.P., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Based on a previous report that α-tetralone (3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one) is a promising scaffold for the design of highly potent inhibitors of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase, the present study investigates the monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties of a synthetic series of fifteen C7-substituted α-tetralone derivatives. Arylalkyloxy substitution on C7 of the α-tetralone moiety yielded compounds with high inhibition potencies toward the human monoamine oxidase-B isoform with all compounds possessing IC<inf>50</inf> values in the submicromolar range (0.00089-0.047 μm). The C7-substituted α-tetralones also were highly potent monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors with thirteen (of fifteen) compounds possessing IC<inf>50</inf> values in the submicromolar range (0.010-0.741 μm). The α-tetralones were, however, in each instance selective for monoamine oxidase-B over the monoamine oxidase-A isoform. Dialyses of enzyme-inhibitor mixtures show that, while a representative inhibitor acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B is not readily reversed by dialysis. Using a molecular modeling approach, possible binding orientations and interactions of selected α-tetralones with the active sites of the monoamine oxidases are also proposed. This study suggests that C7-substituted α-tetralones are promising monoamine oxidase inhibitors and may represent lead compounds for the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and depression. C7-Substituted α-tetralones act as high potency reversible inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. This class of compounds represent promising leads for the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and depression. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	competitive; dialysis; inhibition; monoamine oxidase; reversible; α-tetralone	1 tetralone derivative; amine oxidase (flavin containing) isoenzyme A; amine oxidase (flavin containing) isoenzyme B; lazabemide; monoamine oxidase A inhibitor; monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; monoamine oxidase inhibitor; antidepressant activity; Article; competitive inhibition; crystallization; drug potency; drug safety; drug screening; drug synthesis; enzyme activity; enzyme substrate; hydrogen bond; IC50; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; molecular model; Parkinson disease; priority journal; structure activity relation; therapy effect	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935519516	Potential impact of co-infections and co-morbidities prevalent in Africa on influenza severity and frequency: A systematic review	Cohen A.L., McMorrow M., Walaza S., Cohen C., Tempia S., Alexander-Scott M., Widdowson M.-A.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	6	10.1371/journal.pone.0128580	Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; United States Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, United States; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Applied Research and Technology (DART), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Illinois, Springfield, IL, United States	Cohen, A.L., Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, United States Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, United States; McMorrow, M., Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, United States Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, United States; Walaza, S., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cohen, C., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tempia, S., Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa; Alexander-Scott, M., Division of Applied Research and Technology (DART), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, United States, University of Illinois, Springfield, IL, United States; Widdowson, M.-A., Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Infectious diseases and underlying medical conditions common to Africa may affect influenza frequency and severity. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on influenza and the following co-infections or co-morbidities that are prevalent in Africa: dengue, malaria, measles, meningococcus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), hemoglobinopathies, and malnutrition. Articles were identified except for influenza and PCP. Very few studies were from Africa. Sickle cell disease, dengue, and measles co-infection were found to increase the severity of influenza disease, though this is based on few studies of dengue and measles and the measles study was of low quality. The frequency of influenza was increased among patients with sickle cell disease. Influenza infection increased the frequency of meningococcal disease. Studies on malaria and malnutrition found mixed results. Age-adjusted morbidity and mortality from influenza may be more common in Africa because infections and diseases common in the region lead to more severe outcomes and increase the influenza burden. However, gaps exist in our knowledge about these interactions.	None	2009 H1N1 influenza; Africa; Article; beta thalassemia; cohort analysis; comorbidity; dengue; disease association; disease severity; frequency analysis; human; immunogenicity; influenza; influenza A (H3N2); influenza B; kwashiorkor; malaria; malnutrition; marasmus; measles; meningococcemia; mixed infection; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; observational study; outcome assessment; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystis pneumonia; prevalence; risk factor; sickle cell anemia; systematic review; time series analysis; Neisseria meningitidis; Pneumocystis jirovecii	CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Scopus	2-s2.0-84956619412	The impact of prior information on estimates of disease transmissibility using bayesian tools	Moser C.B., Gupta M., Archer B.N., White L.F.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0118762	Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa	Moser, C.B., Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Gupta, M., Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Archer, B.N., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; White, L.F., Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	The basic reproductive number (R0) and the distribution of the serial interval (SI) are often used to quantify transmission during an infectious disease outbreak. In this paper, we present estimates of R0 and SI from the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong and Singapore, and the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in South Africa using methods that expand upon an existing Bayesian framework. This expanded framework allows for the incorporation of additional information, such as contact tracing or household data, through prior distributions. The results for the R0 and the SI from the influenza outbreak in South Africa were similar regardless of the prior information (R 0 = 1.36 -1.46,μ = 2.0-2.7,μ = mean of the SI). The estimates of R0 and μ for the SARS outbreak ranged from 2.0-4.4 and 7.4-11.3, respectively, and were shown to vary depending on the use of contact tracing data. The impact of the contact tracing data was likely due to the small number of SARS cases relative to the size of the contact tracing sample. © 2015 Moser et al.	None	2009 H1N1 influenza; Article; basic reproduction number; Bayes theorem; contact examination; disease transmission; epidemic; Hong Kong; household; human; sample size; serial interval; severe acute respiratory syndrome; Singapore; South Africa; statistical model; statistical parameters; Bayes theorem; computer simulation; confidence interval; epidemic; Influenza A virus (H1N1); Influenza, Human; severe acute respiratory syndrome; statistics and numerical data; transmission; virology; Bayes Theorem; Computer Simulation; Confidence Intervals; Contact Tracing; Disease Outbreaks; Hong Kong; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Singapore; South Africa	NIGMS, National Institute of General Medical Sciences
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955643799	The impact of the pandemic influenza a(H1N1) 2009 virus on seasonal influenza a viruses in the southern hemisphere, 2009	Blyth C.C., Kelso A., McPhie K.A., Ratnamohan V.M., Catton M., Druce J.D., Smith D.W., Williams S.H., Huang Q.S., Lopez L., Schoub B.D., Venter M., Dwyer D.E.	2010	Eurosurveillance	15	31	None	Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa	Blyth, C.C., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Kelso, A., World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; McPhie, K.A., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Ratnamohan, V.M., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Catton, M., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Druce, J.D., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Smith, D.W., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Williams, S.H., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Huang, Q.S., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Lopez, L., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Schoub, B.D., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Venter, M., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dwyer, D.E., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia	Data collected over winter 2009 by five World Health Organisation National Influenza Centres in the southern hemisphere were used to examine the circulation of pandemic and seasonal influenza A strains during the first pandemic wave in the southern hemisphere. There is compelling evidence that the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus significantly displaced seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and, to a lesser extent, A(H3N2) viruses circulating in the southern hemisphere. Complete replacement of seasonal influenza A strains, however, was not observed during the first pandemic wave.	None	2009 H1N1 influenza; article; disease course; disease surveillance; human; infection prevention; Influenza virus A H3N2; nonhuman; pandemic influenza; prevalence; seasonal influenza; Southern Hemisphere; virus detection; virus strain; Geography; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Pandemics; Seasons; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25444448818	Impact and mechanisms of action of neurotensin on cardiac contractility in the rat left ventricle	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Badenhorst D., Woodiwiss A.	2005	European Journal of Pharmacology	520	42372	10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.014	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Badenhorst, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Using immunoassay measurements, neurotensin was identified in rat ventricular tissue and in coronary effluent samples. Exogenous neurotensin evoked contractile responses in isolated ventricular preparations, which were equivalent in magnitude to those of norepinephrine and histamine, but greater than those for serotonin and angiotensin II. EC50 values revealed neurotensin to be as potent as serotonin, but more potent than norepinephrine, histamine and angiotensin II. Structure-activity studies indicated that the contractile effects are attributed to the C-terminal portion of neurotensin. Neurotensin-induced responses were decreased by SR 48692, a specific neurotensin receptor antagonist. Neurotensin elicited an increase in coronary effluent norepinephrine concentrations, and a strong relationship between the magnitude of neurotensin-induced contractile effects and increments in myocardial norepinephrine release were noted. Neurotensin-induced contractile responses were abolished by β-adrenoceptor antagonists, but not by histamine, serotonin or angiotensin II receptor antagonists. In conclusion, neurotensin increases ventricular contractility through stimulation of myocardial norepinephrine release. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Inotropic effect; Neurotensin; Ventricular contractility	2 [[1 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 5 (2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 3 pyrazolyl]carbonylamino] 2 adamantanecarboxylic acid; angiotensin; angiotensin II antagonist; antihistaminic agent; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; histamine; inotropic agent; neurotensin; neurotensin receptor antagonist; noradrenalin; serotonin; serotonin antagonist; animal tissue; article; beta adrenergic receptor blocking; carboxy terminal sequence; comparative study; concentration response; controlled study; drug activity; drug effect; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; drug potency; evoked muscle response; heart left ventricle contractility; heart muscle contractility; heart stimulation; immunoassay; inotropism; isolated heart; male; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; pathophysiology; priority journal; rat; structure activity relation; Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Fluid; Heart Ventricles; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Perfusion; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurotensin; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751172520	Impact of chronic β-adrenoceptor activation on neurotensin-induced myocardial effects in rats	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Muller D., Woodiwiss A.	2006	European Journal of Pharmacology	553	42372	10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.037	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Muller, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	In heart failure chronic sympathetic activation results in contractile dysfunction in part through down-regulation of the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP system. However, the impact of chronic adrenergic activation on cardiac sympathetic neuromodulator systems is unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether chronic adrenergic activation modifies myocardial norepinephrine release and contractile responses elicited by neurotensin, a neuropeptide found in cardiovascular system. Chronic administration of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, to rats (0.05 mg/kg daily for 1 month, i.p.), produced cardiac hypertrophy with preserved baseline ventricular systolic function, but reduced contractile responses to exogenous norepinephrine as shown in isolated, isovolumically-contracting heart preparations. Neurotensin produced a marked increase in coronary effluent norepinephrine release, an effect abolished by SR 48692, a specific neurotensin receptor antagonist. In isoproterenol-treated rats, neurotensin has no significant impact on myocardial norepinephrine release. Consistently, concentration-dependent positive inotropic responses elicited by neurotensin in control rat hearts were blunted over a wide range of neurotensin concentrations (10- 10-10- 5.5 M) in isoproterenol-treated rats. In conclusion, these data indicate that following chronic β-adrenoceptor activation, neurotensin-induced effects on norepinephrine release and subsequent contractile changes are markedly down-regulated. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cardiac hypertrophy; Myocardial norepinephrine; Neurotensin; Ventricular contractility	2 [[1 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 5 (2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 3 pyrazolyl]carbonylamino] 2 adamantanecarboxylic acid; beta adrenergic receptor; beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; isoprenaline; neurotensin; propranolol; adrenergic activity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; drug effect; heart muscle; heart muscle contractility; heart ventricle contraction; heart ventricle hypertrophy; isolated heart; male; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; priority journal; rat; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Coronary Circulation; Heart; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Organ Size; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurotensin; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955599161	Facile transformation of Biginelli pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones to pyrimidines. In vitro evaluation as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and modulators of cytostatic activity	Singh K., Singh K., Wan B., Franzblau S., Chibale K., Balzarini J.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.010	Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemical Sciences and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-723, United States; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium	Singh, K., Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemical Sciences and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, K., Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemical Sciences and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Wan, B., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-723, United States; Franzblau, S., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-723, United States; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balzarini, J., Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium	A series of pyrimidine derivatives bearing amine substituents at C-2 position were obtained from Biginelli 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and the effect of structural variation on anti-TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain and antiviral activity in a series of cell cultures was evaluated. While the compounds were found to possess structure dependent cytostatic activity, these were not found to be efficient inhibitors of M. tuberculosis nor did they inhibit a broad variety of DNA or RNA viruses in cell culture. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.	Biginelli compounds; Cytostatic activity; Inhibitors; MABA; Pyrimidines; Tuberculosis	2 (2 hydroxyphenylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (3 aminophenylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (3 hydroxypropylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (4 hydroxyphenylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (piperidin 1 yl) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 [2 (1h indol 3 yl) ethylamino] 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 amino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 amino 4 methylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 benzylamino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 benzylamino 4 methylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 butylamino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 ethoxy 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 isopropylamino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 morpholino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; pyrimidine derivative; pyrimidinone derivative; unclassified drug; animal cell; antiviral activity; article; bacterial strain; Biginelli reaction; cell culture; cell proliferation; controlled study; cytostasis; drug structure; drug synthesis; human; human cell; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; tuberculosis; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Cell Proliferation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Hela Cells; Humans; Mice; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pyrimidines; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Cells, Cultured	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924292420	Design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecule imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles as inhibitors of transforming growth factor-β type-I receptor kinase (ALK5)	Patel H.M., Sing B., Bhardwaj V., Palkar M., Shaikh M.S., Rane R., Alwan W.S., Gadad A.K., Noolvi M.N., Karpoormath R.	2015	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	93	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.002	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Faculty of Medical Sciences, EWMS Complex, Mt. Hope, University of the West Indies, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim (Surat), Gujarat, India	Patel, H.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Sing, B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), Punjab, India; Bhardwaj, V., Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Palkar, M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Shaikh, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Rane, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Alwan, W.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Gadad, A.K., Faculty of Medical Sciences, EWMS Complex, Mt. Hope, University of the West Indies, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Noolvi, M.N., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim (Surat), Gujarat, India; Karpoormath, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	A new series of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 5(a-g), 6(a-g), 9(a-i) and 12(a-h) were synthesized as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (also known as activin receptor-like kinase 5 or ALK5) inhibitors. These compounds were evaluated for their ALK5 inhibitory activity in an enzyme assay and their TGF-β -induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation inhibitory activity in a cell-based assay. Compound 6d, 2-(5-((2-cyclopropyl-6-(4-fluorophenyl) imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid, shows prominent ALK5 inhibition (IC50 Combining double low line 0.0012 μM) and elective inhibition (91%) against the P38αkinase at10 μM. The binding mode of compound 6d by XP docking studies shows that it fits well into the active site cavity of ALK5 by forming broad and tight interactions. Lipinski's rule and in silico ADME pharmacokinetic parameters are within the acceptable range defined for human use thereby indicating their potential as a drug-like molecules. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	ALK5; Lipinski's rule; Synthesis imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; XP docking	2 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)phenol; 2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl) 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (3 aminophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazoldin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4] thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4] thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (4 fluorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldeyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 3 (2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 3 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 4 (2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)benzene 1,3 diol; 4 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 4 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)benzene 1,3 diol; 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (3 aminophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldeyde; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 methoxyphenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 phenyl 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; thiadiazole derivative; transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; protein kinase inhibitor; protein serine threonine kinase; TGF-beta type I receptor; thiadiazole derivative; transforming growth factor beta receptor; Article; cell assay; computer model; drug design; drug inhibition; drug synthesis; IC50; protein phosphorylation; antagonists and inhibitors; CACO 2 cell line; chemical structure; chemistry; drug design; human; protein conformation; synthesis; Caco-2 Cells; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Drug Design; Humans; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Thiadiazoles	National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860390424	Synthesis, evaluation and application of polycyclic fluorescent analogues as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and voltage gated calcium channel ligands	Joubert J., Dyk S.V., Green I.R., Malan S.F.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	10	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.008	Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Joubert, J., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Dyk, S.V., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Malan, S.F., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	A series of polycyclic fluorescent ligands were synthesised and evaluated in murine striatal synaptoneurosomes for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated calcium flux inhibition and inhibition of calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC). Amantadine (a) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1,3- propanediamine (c) substituted with 1-cyanoisoindole (3), indazole (5), dinitrobenzene (7, 8), dansyl (9, 10) and coumarin (11) moieties showed moderate to high inhibition of the NMDAR. A high degree of VGCC inhibition was observed for the cyanoisoindole compounds (3, 4) the dansyl compounds (9, 10) and the coumarin compound (12). Fluorophores conjugated to hydroxy-4-aza-8- oxoheptacyclotetradecane (13, 14) did not exhibit any significant VGCC inhibition, but the indazole conjugate (14) showed promising NMDAR activity. Dose response curves were calculated for selected NMDAR inhibitors (8-11) and N-[3-(1-adamantylamino)propyl]-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (10) exhibited the highest activity of the novel compounds. Compound 10 was further used as a fluorescent NMDAR ligand in a fluorescent competition assay utilizing MK-801, NGP1-01 and amantadine as known NMDAR inhibitors to demonstrate the possible applications of the novel fluorescent compounds. These small molecule fluorescent ligands can be considered as possible pharmacological tools in assay development and/or other investigations in the study of neurodegeneration. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Amantadine; Calcium channels; Fluorescent ligands; NMDAR; Polycyclic	2 [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl]isoindole 1 carbonitrile; 3 (1 adamantylamino)propionitrile; 3 [4 aza 8 oxo heptacyclo [0.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 . 09,13 .0 12,15]tetradecyl] 2 (methylamino)benzoate; 3 [4 Aza 8 oxo heptacyclo[0.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 . 09,13 .0 12,15]tetradecyl] 1h indazole 3 carboxylate; 3 hydroxy 4 aza 8 oxo heptacyclo[9.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 .0 12,15]tetradecane; amantadine derivative; dizocilpine; fluorescent dye; n (1 adamantyl) 1,3 propanediamine; n (1 adamantyl) 2 oxo chromene 3 carboxamide; n (1 cyano 2h isoindol 2 yl)adamantan 1 amine; n (2,4 dinitrophenyl)adamantan 1 amine; n (adamantan 1 yl) n' (2,4 dinitrophenyl)propane 1,3 diamiane; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 1h indazole 3 carboxamide; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 2 methylaminobenzamide; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene 1 sulfonamide; n adamantan 1 yl 1h indazole 3 carboxamide; n adamantan 1 yl 2 (methylamino) benzamide; n adamantan 1 yl 5 dimethyl amino 1 naphthalenesulfonic acid; n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor; unclassified drug; voltage gated calcium channel; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; binding affinity; binding competition; brain synaptosome; calcium transport; concentration response; controlled study; drug binding site; drug receptor binding; drug screening; drug synthesis; fluorescence analysis; male; nonhuman; rat; receptor affinity; Amantadine; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Fluorescent Dyes; Ligands; Male; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptosomes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32244447844	Evaluation of human liver slices and reporter gene assays as systems for predicting the cytochrome P450 induction potential of drugs in vivo in humans	Persson K.P., Ekehed S., Otter C., Lutz E.S.M., McPheat J., Masimirembwa C.M., Andersson T.B.	2006	Pharmaceutical Research	23	1	10.1007/s11095-005-8812-5	DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe	Persson, K.P., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Ekehed, S., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Otter, C., Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Lutz, E.S.M., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; McPheat, J., Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Masimirembwa, C.M., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; Andersson, T.B., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden	Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of predicting human in vivo cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction properties of drugs using in vitro methods. Methods. The CYP induction potential of compounds was tested in human liver slices and in reporter gene assays for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Results. In human liver slices, CYP activities decreased dramatically over the experimental period, whereas mRNA levels could reliably be used to investigate CYP1A, 2C9, and 3A4 induction. However, the interindividual variations and demanding experimentation limit the use of liver slices in screening programs. Reporter gene assays are robust and reliable assays, amenable to high throughput screening. Several compounds activated AhR. The relevance of this activation, however, needs to be further investigated since there are no clear reports on drugs inducing CYP1A in vivo. The results from the PXR assay could be used to correctly classify compounds with known CYP3A induction properties when relating in vivo AUCtot to PXR EC50 values. Conclusions. Liver slices are a valuable model to study the regulation of a larger number of enzymes by single compounds. The PXR reporter gene assay could be used as a reliable screening method to predict CYP3A induction in vivo. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	AhR; CYP induction; Human liver slices; In vitro-in vivo correlation; PXR; Reporter gene assay	2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo para dioxin; aromatic hydrocarbon receptor; betamethasone; carbamazepine; cimetidine; clotrimazole; cytochrome P450 1A; cytochrome P450 2C9; cytochrome P450 3A; cytochrome P450 3A4; dexamethasone; diazepam; diclofenac; hyperforin; indometacin; lansoprazole; messenger RNA; mevinolin; naproxen; omeprazole; pantoprazole; paracetamol; phenobarbital; phenytoin; pregnane X receptor; primaquine; rifampicin; troglitazone; unindexed drug; warfarin; adult; aged; area under the curve; article; assay; clinical article; controlled study; enzyme regulation; experimentation; female; high throughput screening; human; human cell; human tissue; in vitro study; in vivo study; liver slice; male; prediction; priority journal; protein induction; reporter gene; screening; Aged; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Induction; Evaluation Studies; Female; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Culture Techniques; Plant Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Steroid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051578942	Evaluation of four Cameroonian medicinal plants for anticancer, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities	Mbaveng A.T., Kuete V., Mapunya B.M., Beng V.P., Nkengfack A.E., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2011	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	32	2	10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.006	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Mapunya, B.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Beng, V.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Nkengfack, A.E., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon	Methanol extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of four Cameroonian medicinal plants, Bersama engleriana, Cupressus lusitanica, Vitellaria paradoxa and Guibourtia tessmannii were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities. The XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay, the dilution method and reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was also conducted using standard methods. Results showed that all extracts contained compounds belonging to the classes of phenols and terpenoids. They were also able to reduce in dose dependent manner, the proliferation of the cancer THP-1, DU145, HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and the normal Vero cells. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were noted with extract from the three parts of B. engleriana on at least two of the five studied cancer cell lines, the lowest value of 5.9μg/ml being obtained with sample from the bark. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were also recorded with extracts from the leaves (on HeLa cells) and bark (on MCF-7) of G. tessmanii, and that from the bark of C. lusitanica on MCF-7. Extracts from B. engleriana and those from the bark of V. paradoxa gave the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values below 100μg/ml on most of the 10 tested Nesseria gonorrhoeae strains. Extracts from B. engleriana also inhibited more than 80% the activity of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) enzyme. Finally, the results of the present study provide baseline information for the use of B. engleriana, C. lusitanica, G. tessmanii, V. paradoxa. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-gonorrheal; Anti-reverse transcriptase; Anticancer; Medicinal plants	2,3 bis[2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl] 2h tetrazolium 5 carboxyanilide inner salt; anilide; anthraquinone derivative; antineoplastic agent; Bersama engleriana extract; Cupressus lusitanica extract; doxorubicin; flavonoid; Guibourtia tessmannii extract; methanol; phenol derivative; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; Vitellaria paradoxa extract; animal cell; antibacterial activity; antineoplastic activity; article; bacterial strain; bark; Bersama engleriana; Cameroon; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell strain DU145; cell strain HepG2; cell strain MCF 7; cell strain THP 1; concentration response; controlled study; Cupressus; Cupressus lusitanica; dilution; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; Guibourtia tessmannii; HeLa cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Vero cell; Vitellaria paradoxa; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cameroon; Cell Line, Tumor; Cercopithecus aethiops; Gonorrhea; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neoplasms; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Terpenes; Vero Cells; Bersama; Cupressus lusitanica; Guibourtia tessmannii; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35748933532	Effect of high-pressure homogenization, nonfat milk solids, and milkfat on the technological performance of a functional strain for the production of probiotic fermented milks	Patrignani F., Iucci L., Lanciotti R., Vallicelli M., Mathara J.M., Holzapfel W.H., Guerzoni M.E.	2007	Journal of Dairy Science	90	10	10.3168/jds.2007-0373	University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47023 Cesena, Italy; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Hald-und-Neu-Str. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany	Patrignani, F., University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47023 Cesena, Italy; Iucci, L., University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47023 Cesena, Italy; Lanciotti, R., University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47023 Cesena, Italy; Vallicelli, M., University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47023 Cesena, Italy; Mathara, J.M., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Holzapfel, W.H., Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Hald-und-Neu-Str. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Guerzoni, M.E., University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47023 Cesena, Italy	The aim of this research was the evaluation of the effects of milkfat content, nonfat milk solids content, and high-pressure homogenization on 1) fermentation rates of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei BFE 5264 inoculated in milk; 2) viability loss of this strain during refrigerated storage; and 3) texture parameters, volatile compounds, and sensorial properties of the coagula obtained. The data achieved suggested a very strong effect of the independent variables on the measured attributes of fermented milks. In fact, the coagulation times were significantly affected by pressure and added milkfat, and the rheological parameters of the fermented milk increased with the pressure applied to the milk for added nonfat milk solids concentrations lower than 3%. Moreover, the polynomial models and the relative response surfaces obtained permitted us to identify the levels of the 3 independent variables that minimized the viability loss of the probiotic strain used during refrigerated storage. © American Dairy Science Association, 2007.	High-pressure homogenization; Lactobacillus paracasei; Probiotic fermented milk; Response surface methodology	2,3 butanedione; acetaldehyde; fat; organic compound; probiotic agent; article; chemistry; dairy product; freezing; human; Lactobacillus; microbiology; physiology; pressure; sensation; time; viscosity; Acetaldehyde; Cultured Milk Products; Diacetyl; Fats; Humans; Lactobacillus; Organic Chemicals; Pressure; Probiotics; Refrigeration; Sensation; Time Factors; Viscosity; Lactobacillus paracasei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906538667	Design, synthesis and evaluation of Ospemifene analogs as anti-breast cancer agents	Kaur G., Mahajan M.P., Pandey M.K., Singh P., Ramisetti S.R., Sharma A.K.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	86	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.050	School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Apeejay Stya Research Foundation, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa	Kaur, G., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Mahajan, M.P., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India, Apeejay Stya Research Foundation, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Pandey, M.K., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Singh, P., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Ramisetti, S.R., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Sharma, A.K., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States	The synthesis of some novel Ospemifene derived analogs and their evaluation as anti-breast cancer agents against MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) human breast cancer cell lines are described. Few of these analogs for instance, compounds 6, 7 and 8 are shown to be more effective than recent Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) i.e. Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, against these cell lines. Compound 8 was relatively more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells similar to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, while most potent compounds 6 and 7 were equally effective in inhibiting growth of both ER-positive and ER-negative cell lines. The observed activity profiles were further supported by the docking studies performed against estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Compounds 6, 7 and 8 exhibited stronger binding affinities with both ERα and ERβ compared to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Anti-breast cancer agents; Docking studies; Ospemifene; SERMs; Tamoxifen	2 [ 4 ( 4 amino 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [ 4 ( 4 azido 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 4 [ 4 ( 2 aminoethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 en 1 amine; antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor; estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; hormone receptor stimulating agent; ospemifene; ospemifene derivative; phenyl 4 [ 4 ( 2 hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 enylcarbamic acid; selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen; unclassified drug; 2 [4 (4 amino1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl) phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 azido 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 chloro 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl) phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 chloro 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethyl methanesulfonate; 4 [4 (2 aminoethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 en 1 amine; antineoplastic agent; ospemifene; ospemifene derivative; phenyl 4 [4 (2 hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 enylcarbamate; selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen; [1 [4 (2 azidoethoxy) phenyl] 4 chlorobut 1 ene 1,2 diyl]dibenzene; [4 azido 1 [4 (2 azidoethoxy)phenyl]but 1 ene 1,2 diyl]dibenzene; antineoplastic agent; ospemifene; antineoplastic activity; article; binding affinity; breast cancer cell line; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug design; drug potency; drug protein binding; drug synthesis; growth inhibition; human; human cell; IC 50; MCF 7 cell line; molecular docking; animal cell; antineoplastic activity; Article; breast cancer; cancer inhibition; concentration response; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug selectivity; embryo; IC50; mouse; nonhuman; analogs and derivatives; Breast Neoplasms; cell proliferation; cell survival; chemical structure; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug screening; pathology; structure activity relation; synthesis; tumor cell culture; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tamoxifen; Tumor Cells, Cultured	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928944900	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of novel 3-{[1-pyridin-2-yl methylene]amino}-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one analogues	Karthikeyan R., Idhayadhulla A., Manilal A., Merdekios B., Kumar R.S., Nasser A.J.A.	2015	Der Pharmacia Lettre	7	4	None	P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India	Karthikeyan, R., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Idhayadhulla, A., Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Manilal, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Merdekios, B., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Kumar, R.S., Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Nasser, A.J.A., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India	New series of 2-thioxo imidazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity and compared with Ciprofloxacin and Clotrimazole standards. 2- Thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones (3a-f) and (4a-f) were synthesized employing Mannich base method by interacting 2- thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (2) with benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide . The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains and antifungal activity against various fungal strains. Compound (3b) was highly active against S.aureus compared with standard Ciprofloxacin in antibacterial screening, and compound (4d) was highly active against A.niger compared with Clotrimazole in antifungal screening.	2-Thioximidazolidin-4-one; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Mannich base	2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 3 [(1 pyridin 2 yl methylene)amino]thioxoimidazolidin 4 one derivative; 3 [[1 pyridin 2 ylmethylene]amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 4 one; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; semicarbazide; thiosemicarbazide; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10444240254	Exposure to 2,4-decadienal negatively impacts upon marine invertebrate larval fitness	Caldwell G.S., Lewis C., Olive P.J.W., Bentley M.G.	2005	Marine Environmental Research	59	5	10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.06.005	Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Dept. of Biodiv. and Conserv. Biol., Intl. Ocean Inst.-Southern Africa, Univ. of the W. Cape, South Africa, South Africa	Caldwell, G.S., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Lewis, C., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom, Dept. of Biodiv. and Conserv. Biol., Intl. Ocean Inst.-Southern Africa, Univ. of the W. Cape, South Africa, South Africa; Olive, P.J.W., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Bentley, M.G., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom	Diatoms liberate volatile, biologically active unsaturated aldehydes following cell damage, which negatively impact upon invertebrate reproductive processes such as fertilization, embryogenesis and larval survival. 2,4-Decadienal is frequently identified among the aldehydes produced and is one of the more biologically active. The majority of studies which have examined the toxic effects of diatom aldehydes to invertebrate reproduction have scored egg production and/or hatching success as indicators of biological impacts. There are very few studies which have dealt specifically with the impacts of diatom-derived aldehydes on larval fitness. Larval stages of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis virens and the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Psammechinus miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at sub 1 μg ml -1 concentrations suffered reduced survival over the incubation period (day 1-8 post fertilization) with detectable differences for the polychates at a concentration of 0.005 and 0.01-0.1 μg ml -1 for the echinoderms. Susceptibility of larval N. virens was investigated using stage specific 24 h exposures at 2,4-decadienal concentrations up to 1.5 μg ml -1. A clear stage specific effect was found, with earlier larval stages most vulnerable. Nectochaete larvae (9-10 d) showed no reduction in survival at the concentrations assayed. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, was used to analyse fitness of larval P. miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg ml -1. The degree and frequency of asymmetrical development increased with increasing 2,4-decadienal concentration. Equally, as FA increased larval survival decreased. These results provide further support for the teratogenic nature of 2,4-decadienal and its negative impact on invertebrate larval fitness. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aldehyde; Algal toxins; Decadienal; Developmental abnormality; Fluctuating asymmetry; Larval bioassay; Larval fitness; Marine invertebrates	2,4-decadienal; Cell damage; Embryogenesis; Fertilization; Aldehydes; Cells; Marine biology; Radon; Toxicity; Radiation hazards; 2,4 decadienal; aldehyde derivative; unclassified drug; aldehyde; biogenic emission; diatom; fitness; fluctuating asymmetry; interspecific interaction; invertebrate; larval development; toxin; article; concentration (parameters); environmental exposure; environmental impact; invertebrate; larva; larval stage; nonhuman; survival rate; teratogenesis; Abnormalities; Aldehydes; Animals; Diatoms; Environmental Exposure; Female; Larva; Male; Polychaeta; Population Dynamics; Reproduction; Survival Analysis; algae; Arenicola; Arenicola marina; Asterias; Asterias rubens; Bacillariophyta; Echinodermata; Invertebrata; Nereis; Nereis virens; Polychaeta; Psammechinus miliaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37849019619	Performance optimization of a membrane assisted passive sampler for monitoring of ionizable organic compounds in water	Chimuka L., Nemutandani T., Cukrowska E., Tutu H.	2008	Journal of Environmental Monitoring	10	1	10.1039/b713072d	School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	Chimuka, L., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Nemutandani, T., School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Cukrowska, E., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Tutu, H., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa	A thin-walled silicone rubber hollow fibre membrane has been developed as a passive sampler. The inside of the tube is filled with an aqueous solution at an appropriate pH. The tube is sealed at both ends and then immersed in a water sample. In order for the ionizable permeating compounds to be trapped in the aqueous receiving phase, the pH is adjusted such that the compounds are ionized and trapped. The major advantages are its simplicity, low cost and high selectivity, since only ionizable organic compounds are trapped. Additionally, the sampler uses no organic solvent. By adjusting the pH of the acceptor phase, it is possible to control the extraction process and whether the sampler is used in the kinetic or equilibrium regime. Since it is very selective, no further clean-up of the extract is required. The membrane assisted passive sampler has been tested for extraction of chlorophenols under laboratory conditions. The extraction process was found to be linear over a 72 h sampling period. Selectivity of the passive sampler in river water was demonstrated and the extraction process was independent of sample concentration, even at lower concentration levels of analytes. However, the sample matrix in some river water samples led to incomplete trapping, thereby reducing the amount trapped in the acceptor phase. Detection limits (three times signal to noise ratio) were dependant on sample matrix and type of detection system and ranged from 0.05 μg L-1 to about 1 μg L-1 with a UV photodiode detector in water samples from one river and 1.0 μg L-1 to 20 μg L-1 in another but with an ordinary UV detector. The enrichment factors in river water were 28 for 2-chlorophenol and 44 for 2,4-dichlorophenol over a 72 h sampling period. 4-chlorophenol was poorly extracted and its enrichment factor was 3. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	2,4 dichlorophenol; 4 chlorophenol; organic compound; river water; aqueous solution; article; extraction; pH; pollution monitoring; priority journal; sampler; water contamination; water pollutant; water pollution; water sampling; Chlorophenols; Environmental Monitoring; Rivers; Silicone Elastomers; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56449085002	Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel tetrasubstituted thiophene analogues as anti-inflammatory agents	Molvi K.I., Sudarsanam V., Patel M.M., Haque N.	2008	Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry	23	6	10.1080/14756360701608692	School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India; Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat Vidayanagar, Mehsana Gujarat, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Molvi, K.I., School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Sudarsanam, V., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India; Patel, M.M., Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat Vidayanagar, Mehsana Gujarat, India; Haque, N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	A new series of tetrasubstituted thiophene analogues (4a-4f, 5a-5f and 8a-8i) were designed incorporating the pharmacophoric features of COX-1 (as in fenamates), 5-LOX and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. The designed series was synthesized by nucleophilic addition of aryl/ aroylisothiocyanate and enamine (2) yielding the addition product l-(α-Carbomethoxy-β-aminothiocrotonoyl)-aryl/aroyl amines (3/7); which on reaction with substituted phenacyl bromides gave the targeted tetrasubstituted thiophene esters (4a-4f/8a-8i). The tetrasubstituted thiophenes esters (4a-4f) on hydrolysis with one equivalent of potassium hydroxide solution in methanol at room temperature gave corresponding acids (5a-5f). All the targeted compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced rat hind paw oedema model at the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight using standard drugs mefanamic acid and ibuprofen. The compounds (4c, 4e, 4f, 5f, 8a- 8i) which gave reasonable protection to the inflamed paw, eliciting good or moderate comparable anti-inflammatory activity were selected for investigating their analgesic activity using acetic acid induced writhing response test in albino mice at 10 mg/kg dose using standard drug ibuprofen and in order to arrive at possible mechanism of their anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro antioxidant nitric oxide radical scavenging assay at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 μg/mL were performed using standard drug ascorbic acid.	Analgesic activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Antioxidant activity; COX-inhibitors; Tetrasubstituted thiophenes	2 (4 methoxyanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methoxylanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 chlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 anilino 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; antiinflammatory agent; ascorbic acid; ibuprofen; mefenamic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (2,4 dichlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (4 methoxybenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methoxyanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methoxycanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 chlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 anilino 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (2,4 dichlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (4 methoxybenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (4 methylbenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; thiophene derivative; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug design; drug dose comparison; drug screening; drug synthesis; female; in vitro study; male; nonhuman; paw edema; priority journal; rat; writhing test; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Drug Design; Edema; Female; Male; Molecular Structure; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiophenes; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930526201	The impact of vitamin D on the innate immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli during pregnancy	Ramos N.L., Sekikubo M., Kironde F., Mirembe F., Sääf M., Brauner A.	2015	Clinical Microbiology and Infection	21	5	10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.010	Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden	Ramos, N.L., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Sekikubo, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kironde, F., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mirembe, F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sääf, M., Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Brauner, A., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Urinary tract infections are highly common during pregnancy, and can cause serious complications for the mother and baby. Vitamin D, predominantly obtained from the sunlight, is known to have an effect on the urothelium, with immunomodulatory capacity against Escherichia coli infection. However, its influence at this site remains to be further explored. This study therefore investigated its impact during pregnancy in a population of women who have the possibility of adequate year-round sun exposure. Serum from pregnant Ugandan women (n=32) in each trimester of pregnancy, from women after delivery (n=29) and from never-pregnant controls (n=25) was collected. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2, interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble CD14 serum concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay or ELISA. The ability of serum to inhibit E.coli growth was tested. The immunomodulatory capacities of these serum samples and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<inf>3</inf> were investigated in urothelial cells. Increases in 25-OHD and LL-37 levels were observed as pregnancy progressed, peaking in the third trimester. Serum 25-OHD levels were higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae, and correlated positively with maternal age. IL-8 levels were lower in the third trimester than in the first trimester, increased after delivery, but remained below those of never-pregnant women. Similarly, soluble CD14 concentrations increased after delivery. As gestation advanced, serum had an increased capacity to inhibit E.coli growth. Invitro, it modulated the IL-8 response to infection in a vitamin D concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that increasing vitamin D levels as pregnancy advances modulate the innate immune system towards a protective response to infection. © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.	25-hydroxyvitamin D; Escherichia coli; Interleukin-8; LL-37; Pregnancy; Urinary tract infection	25 hydroxyvitamin D; beta defensin 2; calcitriol; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL 37; CD14 antigen; interleukin 8; vitamin D; adult; Article; bacterial growth; bladder epithelium; blood level; chemoluminescence; clinical article; controlled study; delivery; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; first trimester pregnancy; growth inhibition; human; human cell; immunomodulation; in vitro study; innate immunity; maternal age; multigravida; nonhuman; pregnancy; primigravida; priority journal; sun exposure; third trimester pregnancy; Ugandan; uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885291083	Low vitamin D status is associated with reduced muscle mass and impaired physical performance in frail elderly people	Tieland M., Brouwer-Brolsma E.M., Nienaber-Rousseau C., Van Loon L.J.C., De Groot L.C.P.G.M.	2013	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition	67	10	10.1038/ejcn.2013.144	Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands; Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands	Tieland, M., Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands; Brouwer-Brolsma, E.M., Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands; Nienaber-Rousseau, C., Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Loon, L.J.C., Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; De Groot, L.C.P.G.M., Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands, Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands	Background/Objectives:Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status has been associated with muscle mass, strength and physical performance in healthy elderly people. Yet, in pre-frail and frail elderly people this association has not been studied. The objective of this study was to explore the association between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D status with muscle mass, strength and physical performance in a pre-frail and frail elderly population.Subjects/ Methods:This cross-sectional study included 127 pre-frail and frail elderly people in The Netherlands. Whole body and appendicular lean mass (ALM) (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), leg strength (one repetition maximum), handgrip strength and physical performance (short physical performance battery) were measured, and blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum 25(OH)D status (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). In addition, habitual dietary intake (3-day food records) and physical activity data (accelerometers) were collected.Results:In total, 53% of the participants had a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/l. After adjustment for confounding factors, 25(OH)D status was associated with ALM (β=0.012, P=0.05) and with physical performance (β=0.020, P<0.05). Vitamin D intake was associated with physical performance (β=0.18, P<0.05) but not with ALM (P>0.05).Conclusion:In this frail elderly population, 25(OH)D status is low and suggests a modest association with reduced ALM and impaired physical performance. In addition, vitamin D intake tended to be associated with impaired physical performance. Our findings highlight the need for well-designed intervention trials to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on 25(OH)D status, muscle mass and physical performance in pre-frail and frail elderly people. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited.	aging; frailty; muscle function; sarcopenia; vitamin D	25 hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D; aged; article; blood sampling; cross-sectional study; disease association; dual energy X ray absorptiometry; female; frail elderly; geriatric assessment; grip strength; human; lean body weight; liquid chromatography; major clinical study; male; muscle mass; muscle strength; Netherlands; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; physical disease; physical performance; tandem mass spectrometry; vitamin blood level; vitamin D deficiency; vitamin intake; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Frail Elderly; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Netherlands; Physical Fitness; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923308388	Randomized pharmacokinetic evaluation of different rifabutin doses in African HIV- infected tuberculosis patients on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy	Naiker S., Connolly C., Wiesner L., Kellerman T., Reddy T., Harries A., McIlleron H., Lienhardt C., Pym A.	2014	BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology	15	1	10.1186/2050-6511-15-61	Medical Research Council, TB Research Unit, Durban, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; WHO STOP Tuberculosis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland; University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa	Naiker, S., Medical Research Council, TB Research Unit, Durban, South Africa; Connolly, C., Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban, South Africa; Wiesner, L., University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Kellerman, T., University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Reddy, T., Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban, South Africa; Harries, A., International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; McIlleron, H., University of Cape Town, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Lienhardt, C., WHO STOP Tuberculosis Programme, Geneva, Switzerland; Pym, A., Medical Research Council, TB Research Unit, Durban, South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban, South Africa	Background: Pharmacokinetic interactions between rifampicin and protease inhibitors (PIs) complicate the management of HIV-associated tuberculosis. Rifabutin is an alternative rifamycin, for patients requiring PIs. Recently some international guidelines have recommended a higher dose of rifabutin (150 mg daily) in combination with boosted lopinavir (LPV/r), than the previous dose of rifabutin (150 mg three times weekly {tiw}). But there are limited pharmacokinetic data evaluating the higher dose of rifabutin in combination with LPV/r. Sub-optimal dosing can lead to acquired rifamycin resistance (ARR). The plasma concentration of 25-O-desacetylrifabutin (d-RBT), the metabolite of rifabutin, increases in the presence of PIs and may lead to toxicity. Methods and results: Sixteen patients with TB-HIV co-infection received rifabutin 300 mg QD in combination with tuberculosis chemotherapy (initially pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol then only isoniazid), and were then randomized to receive isoniazid and LPV/r based ART with rifabutin 150 mg tiw or rifabutin 150 mg daily. The rifabutin dose with ART was switched after 1 month. Serial rifabutin and d-RBT concentrations were measured after 4 weeks of each treatment. The median AUC0-48 and Cmax of rifabutin in patients taking 150 mg rifabutin tiw was significantly reduced compared to the other treatment arms. Geometric mean ratio (90% CI) for AUC0-48 and Cmax was 0.6 (0.5-0.7) and 0.5 (0.4-0.6) for RBT 150 mg tiw compared with RBT 300 mg and 0.4 (0.4-0.4) and 0.5 (0.5-0.6) for RBT 150 mg tiw compared with 150 mg daily. 86% of patients on the tiw rifabutin arm had an AUC0-24 &lt; 4.5 μg.h/mL, which has previously been associated with acquired rifamycin resistance (ARR). Plasma d-RBT concentrations increased 5-fold with tiw rifabutin dosing and 15-fold with daily doses of rifabutin. Rifabutin was well tolerated at all doses and there were no grade 4 laboratory toxicities. One case of uveitis (grade 4), occurred in a patient taking rifabutin 300 mg daily prior to starting ART, and grade 3 neutropenia (asymptomatic) was reported in 4 patients. These events were not associated with increases in rifabutin or metabolite concentrations. Conclusions: A daily 150 mg dose of rifabutin in combination with LPV/r safely maintained rifabutin plasma concentrations in line with those shown to prevent ARR. © 2014 Naiker et al.	Clinical trial; DDI; HIV; Lopinavir; Neutropenia; Pharmacokinetics; Randomized; Rifabutin; Tuberculosis; Uveitis	25 o desacetylrifabutin; aminotransferase; amylase; ethambutol; isoniazid; lamivudine; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; pyrazinamide; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifaximin; stavudine; unclassified drug; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; isoniazid; lamivudine; lopinavir; rifabutin; stavudine; tuberculostatic agent; adult; African; aminotransferase blood level; amylase blood level; antibiotic therapy; antiviral therapy; area under the curve; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical article; controlled study; crossover procedure; dosage schedule comparison; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug clearance; drug dose comparison; drug safety; drug tolerability; drug withdrawal; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; male; maximum plasma concentration; minimum plasma concentration; mixed infection; neutropenia; open study; outcome assessment; plasma concentration-time curve; randomized controlled trial; side effect; steady state; time to maximum plasma concentration; treatment response; uveitis; virus load; Black person; blood; chemically induced; Coinfection; drug combination; HIV Infections; metabolism; neutropenia; South Africa; tuberculosis; uveitis; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Anti-HIV Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Coinfection; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Lamivudine; Lopinavir; Male; Neutropenia; Rifabutin; South Africa; Stavudine; Tuberculosis; Uveitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957845582	Synthesis and anti-prion activity evaluation of aminoquinoline analogues	MacEdo B., Kaschula C.H., Hunter R., Chaves J.A.P., Van Der Merwe J.D., Silva J.L., Egan T.J., Cordeiro Y.	2010	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	45	11	10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.054	Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil	MacEdo, B., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Kaschula, C.H., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hunter, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chaves, J.A.P., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Van Der Merwe, J.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Silva, J.L., Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Cordeiro, Y., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil	Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies form a group of neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and other mammals. They occur when the native prion protein is converted into an infectious isoform, the scrapie PrP, which aggregates, leading to neurodegeneration. Although several compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit this conversion, there is no effective therapy for such diseases. Previous studies have shown that antimalarial compounds, such as quinolines, possess anti-scrapie activity. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluate the effect of aminoquinoline derivatives on the aggregation of a prion peptide. Our results show that 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline and N-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-1,2-ethanediamine inhibit the aggregation significantly. Therefore, such aminoquinolines might be considered as candidates for the further development of therapeutics to prevent the development of prion diseases. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Aggregation; Antimalarials; Inhibitor; Neurodegeneration; Prion; Quinoline	2 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) aminoethanol; 4 (cyclopentylamino) 7 chloro quinoline; 4 amino 7 chloroquinoline; 7 chloro 4 methylaminoquinoline; aminoquinoline derivative; n (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 1,2 ethanediamine; n 2 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) n 1,n 1 dimethyl 1,2 ethanediamine; n 2 (7 trifluoromethylthio 4 quinolinyl) n 1,n 1 diethyl 1,2 ethanediamine; prion protein; unclassified drug; animal experiment; anisotropy; article; clinical evaluation; drug synthesis; hamster; light scattering; nerve degeneration; nonhuman; protein aggregation; Aminoquinolines; Antiviral Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Prions	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349774229	Pentacyclo-undecane derived cyclic tetra-amines: Synthesis and evaluation as potent anti-tuberculosis agents	Onajole O.K., Govender K., Govender P., van Helden P.D., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Muthusamy K., Pillay M., Wiid I., Govender T.	2009	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	44	11	10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.07.015	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Onajole, O.K., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, K., Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, P., Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; van Helden, P.D., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Muthusamy, K., Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wiid, I., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	As part of an ongoing effort to develop highly potent anti-tuberculosis agents, fourteen pentacyclo-undecane (PCU) tetra-amine compounds were synthesized and screened for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against two TB strains, H37Rv and XDR 194 [an extensively drug-resistant strain of tuberculosis]. Using the broth macrodilution method, nitrofuranylamide based compounds (6a and 6b) showed almost similar activities against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis when compared with the control drug, ethambutol. N-Geranyl piperazine PCU (8a) and trans-trans farnesyl piperazine PCU (8b) were 3.2 and 3.7 times more potent than commercially available ethambutol. Both isoprenyl PCU tetra-amine derivatives and N-decyl piperazine PCU (9a) were highly active against the XDR 194 strain of tuberculosis with MICs in the range of 0.63-3.02 μM. Cytotoxicities (IC50) of isoprenyl based compounds (8a, 8b) and compound 9a were tested on a mammalian cell line [MDBK (Madin Darby bovine kidney epithelium)] with values of 30, 24 and 25 μM respectively. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Isoprenyl; Pentacycloundecane; SQ109; XDR-tuberculosis (TB)	2 (aminomethyl)pyridine pentacyclo undecane; 5 nitrofuran 2 carbonyl homopiperazine pentacyclo undecane; 5 nitrofuran 2 carbonyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; c10 piperazine pentacyclo undecane; c15 piperazine pentacyclo undecane; c20 piperazine pentacyclo undecane; ethambutol; n benzoyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; n benzyl ethanolamine pentacyclo undecane; n benzyl homopiperazine pentacyclo undecane; n benzyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; n farnesyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; n geranyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; pentacyclo undecane dihomopiperazine; pentacyclo undecane dipiperazine; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; animal cell; article; broth dilution; controlled study; drug synthesis; IC 50; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; Alkanes; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prenylation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879869114	β-lactam-synthon-interceded synthesis of isatin-imidazolidine-2-thione conjugates with structural validation using molecular dynamic simulations and cytotoxic evaluation	Nisha, Singh P., Hendricks D., Bisetty K., Kumar V.	2013	Synlett	24	14	10.1055/s-0033-1339315	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa	Nisha, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Hendricks, D., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Bisetty, K., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	β-Lactam-synthon-interceded synthesis of isatin-imidazolidine-2-thione conjugates was carried out via base-assisted intermolecular amidolysis of 3-isothiocyanato-2-azetidinones with C-5 substituted isatins. The observed enolization in the assigned structure of the conjugates was validated using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations performed under explicit solvent conditions. The synthesized scaffolds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic profiles against the oesophageal cancer cell line WHCO1. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.	β-lactam synthon; cytotoxicity; imidazolidine-2-thione; intermolecular amidolysis; molecular dynamic simulations	2 azetidinone derivative; 3 isothiocyanato 2 azetidinone derivative; beta lactam derivative; beta lapachone; cytotoxic agent; imidazolidine derivative; isatin derivative; isatin imidazolidine 2 thione conjugate; lapachol; solvent; unclassified drug; amidolysis; article; cancer cell; chemical reaction; conjugation; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug structure; drug synthesis; enolization; IC 50; molecular dynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901813929	Genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl- 2,6- dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes in mice	Adegoke O.A., Ghosh M., Manivannan J., Sinha S., Mukherjee A.	2014	Toxicology and Industrial Health	30	5	10.1177/0748233712457442	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced St	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Ghosh, M., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Manivannan, J., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Sinha, S., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Mukherjee, A., Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India	A short-term in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6- dinitrophenylazohydronaphthalenes (AZ-01 to AZ-04) has been carried out in mice. Aqueous colloidal solutions of the dyes were administered to mice on each day for 5 successive days using gastric gavages. Two end point assessments of the genotoxicity potentials of the dyes were assessed using comet assay and chromosomal aberration studies using the mice bone marrow cells. The dyes were well tolerated at the doses investigated, as there were no deaths or any adverse pharmacotoxic events. Dose-dependent DNA damage (in terms of percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment) occurred with AZ-01 and AZ-02, although the effects were significant only with the highest doses. AZ-03 gave similar patterns with those of AZ-01 and AZ-02, while replacement with butanone in AZ-04 altered the observed pattern. Minimal chromosomal damages were obtained for the four dyes, with AZ-01 and AZ-02 giving nonsignificant damages, while the highest dose of AZ-03 produced significant aberrations in terms of breaks. Some minor isochromatid breaks and gaps were also noticed in the dye-treated mice. Mitotic indices in all cases were not significantly different from concomitantly administered vehicle control showing lack of cytotoxicity of the monoazo dyes at these doses. The monoazo dyes show the potential of being utilized as colorants, pending further required tests. © The Author(s) 2012.	4-Carboxyl-2; 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; azo-hydrazone tautomerism; chromosomal aberrations; in vivo comet assay; mitotic index	2 butanone; 4 [(2 hydroxynapthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[7 (1 carboyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; mitomycin; naphthalene derivative; unclassified drug; azo compound; coloring agent; naphthalene derivative; absorption; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; bone marrow cell; chromosome damage; colloid; comet assay; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; dose response; genotoxicity; in vitro study; male; mitosis index; mouse; nonhuman; animal; chemically induced; chromosome aberration; drug effects; mutagen testing; Animals; Azo Compounds; Chromosome Aberrations; Coloring Agents; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Naphthalenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929992950	Synthesis and evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of tryptanthrin derivatives	Onambele L.A., Riepl H., Fischer R., Pradel G., Prokop A., Aminake M.N.	2015	International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance	5	2	10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.03.002	Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; HochschuleWeihenstephan-Triesdorf, Organic-analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Onambele, L.A., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Riepl, H., HochschuleWeihenstephan-Triesdorf, Organic-analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany; Fischer, R., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Pradel, G., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Prokop, A., Department of Paediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany; Aminake, M.N., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Malaria remains one of the most deadly diseases threatening humankind and is still affecting a significant proportion of the world population, especially in Africa. Chemotherapy is a vital component of the fight against the disease and new antimalarial agents are urgently needed to curb the spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to existing drugs. The natural product tryptanthrin is known for its wide range of activities, including antiplasmodial activity, but its poor solubility has undermined its development as potent antimicrobial and antiprotozoan agent. The aim of this work was to synthesize analogues of tryptanthrin and to evaluate their antiplasmodial activity against the asexual and sexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Our results suggest that most tryptanthrin analogues retained their antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites in the nanomolar range (30-100 nM). The antiplasmodial activity of the most active compound NT1 (IC<inf>50</inf>: 30 nM; SI: 155.9) was similar in both strains and close to that of chloroquine (IC<inf>50</inf>: 20 nM) on the sensitive strain. The antiplasmodial activity was improved with derivatization, thus pointing out the necessity to explore tryptanthrin using medicinal chemistry approaches. Ten (10) of the tested derivatives met the criteria, allowing for advancement to animal testing, i.e., SI > 100 and IC<inf>50</inf> < 100 nM. In addition to their activity on the asexual stages, tryptanthrin and two selected derivatives (NT1 and T8) prevented the maturation of gametocytes at their IC<inf>90</inf> concentrations, indicating a transmission-blocking potential. Moreover, NT1 was able to impair gametogenesis by reducing the exflagellation of microgametes by 20% at IC<inf>90</inf>, while tryptanthrin and T8 had no influence on exflagellation. The results of this study confirm that tryptanthrin and its derivatives are potential antimalarial candidates with abilities to kill the intraerythrocytic asexual stages and prevent the formation of sexual stages of the parasite. © 2015 The Authors.	Antiplasmodial; Gametocytes; Malaria; Synthesis; Tryptanthrin derivatives	2 chloro 8 bromo tryptanthrin 8 bromo 2 chloro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 2 chloro 8 nitro tryptanthrin 2 chloro 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 2,3 dimethoxy 8 bromo tryptantrin 8 bromo 2,3 dimethoxyindolo[ 2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 2,3 dimethoxy 8 nitro tryptanthrin 2,3 dimethoxy 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 3 bromo 8 nitro indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 3 chloro 8 nitro tryptanthrin 3 chloro 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 7 methyl indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 bromo tryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid 8 bromo 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid; 8 bromo tryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid methylester 8 bromo 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid methylester; 8 bromotryptanthrin 8 bromo indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 chlorotryptanthrin 8 chloro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 fluorotryptanthrin 8 fluoro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 methyltryptanthrin 8 methyl indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 nitro tryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid methylester 8 nitro 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid methyl ester; 8 nitrotryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid 8 nitro 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid; 8 nitrotryptanthrin 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; antimalarial agent; benzene; chloroquine; lactate dehydrogenase; natural product; tryptanthrin derivative; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug resistance; antiplasmodial activity; Article; asexual reproduction; cell maturation; derivatization; drug screening; drug synthesis; gametocyte; gametogenesis; growth inhibition; malaria control; medicinal chemistry; parasite transmission; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868307948	Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel substituted 2-chloroacetanalides	Aschale M.	2012	International Journal of ChemTech Research	4	4	None	Head of Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computation Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	Aschale, M., Head of Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computation Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	The title compounds were prepared by the reaction of substituted primary amines with chloroacetylchloride in benzene. Structures of all these compounds have been elucidated by their elemental analysis, spectral studies and molecular weights. All the products were assayed for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas holcicola bacteria and Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum fungi and results were compared with that of reference drugs.	Antibacterial; Antifungal; Substituted chloroacetinilides	2 chloroacetanilide; 2 iodo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 chloro 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 dimethylamino 2 chloroacetanilide; acetanilide derivative; amine; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzene; carbendazim; chloramphenicol; chloride; unclassified drug; 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 chloro 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 dimethylamino 2 chloroacetanilide; acetanilide derivative; antibiotic agent; antifungal agent; carbendazim; chloramphenicol; iodo 2 chloroacetanilide; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus niger; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug synthesis; Fusarium oxysporum; infrared spectroscopy; molecular weight; nonhuman; physical chemistry; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Staphylococcus aureus; substitution reaction; ultraviolet spectroscopy; Xanthomonas; Xanthomonas holcicola; drug structure; drug synthesis; Xanthomonas holicicola	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884354676	Ozone facilitated dechlorination of 2-chloroethanol and impact of organic solvents and activated charcoal	Gounden A.N., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3169-4	Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Gounden, A.N., Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	The ozone-initiated oxidation of 2-chloroethanol was followed by monitoring the consumption of the halogenated organic substrate. Gas chromatographic analysis of the ozonated products showed an increase in conversion from about 1 % after 3 h of ozone treatment to about 22 % after 12 h. The yields of major ozonated products identified and quantified namely acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and chloride ion increased proportionately as a function of ozone treatment time. The percent conversion of 2-chloroethanol in the presence of acetic acid or ethyl acetate were found to be higher than those under solvent-free conditions with similar products obtained. The use of activated charcoal during the ozonolyis of 2-chloroethanol showed a significant increase in the percent conversion of the substrate compared to solvent free ozonation. Based on the experimental findings, the overall mechanism for the reaction between 2-chloroethanol and ozone is described. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chloride ion; Dechlorination; Ozonation	2-Chloroethanol; Chloride ions; Ethyl acetates; Organic substrate; Ozone treatment; Solvent free; Solvent free conditions; Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chlorine compounds; Dechlorination; Ozonization; pH; Ozone; 2 chloroethanol; acetaldehyde; acetic acid; acetic acid ethyl ester; activated carbon; carboxylic acid; chloride ion; organic solvent; ozone; acetaldehyde; acetate; acetic acid; activated carbon; charcoal; dechlorination; experimental study; organic compound; ozone; reaction kinetics; substrate; article; dechlorination; electric conductivity; gas chromatography; oxidation; ozonation; ozonolysis; Charcoal; Ethylene Chlorohydrin; Models, Chemical; Ozone; Solvents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884937244	Imino-phosphine palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes: Synthesis, molecular structures and evaluation as antitumor agents	Motswainyana W.M., Onani M.O., Madiehe A.M., Saibu M., Thovhogi N., Lalancette R.A.	2013	Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry	129	None	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.010	Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States	Motswainyana, W.M., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Onani, M.O., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Madiehe, A.M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Saibu, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Thovhogi, N., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Lalancette, R.A., Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States	The imino-phosphine ligands L1 and L2 were prepared via condensation reaction of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde with substituted anilines and obtained in very good yields. An equimolar reaction of L1 and L2 with either PdCl2(cod) or PtCl2(cod) gave new palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes 1-4. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 2, 3 and 4 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All the three molecular structures crystallized in monoclinic C2/c space system. The coordination geometry around the palladium and platinum atoms in respective structures exhibited distorted square planar geometry at the metal centers. The complexes were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against human breast (MCF-7) and human colon (HT-29) cancer cells, and they exhibited growth inhibitory activities and selectivity that were superior to the standard compound cisplatin. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Antitumor; Imino-phosphine; Molecular structures; Palladium; Platinum; Synthesis	(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2 methylphenylen amine; (2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2,6 dimethylphenylen amine; 2 (diphenylphosphino) benzaldehyde; aniline; antineoplastic agent; cisplatin; dichloro [(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2 methylphenylen amine] palladium; dichloro [(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2,6 dimethylphenylen amine] palladium; dichloro [(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2,6 dimethylphenylen amine] platinum; dichloro[(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2 methylphenylen amine] palladium; element; palladium; platinum; unclassified drug; analysis; article; breast cancer; cancer cell; cell strain MCF 7; chemical structure; colon cancer; drug synthesis; growth inhibition; human; human cell; in vitro study; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; X ray crystallography; Antitumor; Imino-phosphine; Molecular structures; Palladium; Platinum; Synthesis; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Crystallography, X-Ray; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Palladium; Phosphines; Platinum	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871669146	In Vitro Evaluation of ESE-15-ol, an Estradiol Analogue with Nanomolar Antimitotic and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Activity	Stander B.A., Joubert F., Tu C., Sippel K.H., McKenna R., Joubert A.M.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0052205	Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States	Stander, B.A., Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Joubert, F., Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Tu, C., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Sippel, K.H., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; McKenna, R., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Joubert, A.M., Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Antimitotic compounds are still one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs in the clinic today. Given their effectiveness against cancer it is beneficial to continue enhancing these drugs. One way is to improve the bioavailability and efficacy by synthesizing derivatives that reversibly bind to carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in red blood cells followed by a slow release into the blood circulation system. In the present study we describe the in vitro biological activity of a reduced derivative of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estradiol (2EE), 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol). ESE-15-ol is capable of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity in the nanomolar range and is selective towards a mimic of carbonic anhydrase IX when compared to the CAII isoform. Docking studies using Autodock Vina suggest that the dehydration of the D-ring plays a role towards the selectivity of ESE-15-ol to CAIX and that the binding mode of ESE-15-ol is substantially different when compared to 2EE. ESE-15-ol is able to reduce cell growth to 50% after 48 h at 50-75 nM in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-12A cells. The compound is the least potent against the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrate that the newly synthesized compound induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization, abrogates the phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 and affects gene expression of genes associated with cell death and mitosis. © 2012 Stander et al.	None	2 ethyl 3 o sulphamoyl estra 1,3,5(10),15 tetraen 17 ol; antineoplastic agent; carbonate dehydratase; carbonate dehydratase II; carbonate dehydratase IX; protein bcl 2; unclassified drug; antineoplastic activity; antiproliferative activity; apoptosis; article; binding affinity; cancer inhibition; controlled study; drug structure; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; enzyme mechanism; gene expression; genetic association; in vitro study; inhibition kinetics; membrane depolarization; mitochondrial membrane potential; molecular docking; molecular model; protein phosphorylation; tumor cell destruction; Antimitotic Agents; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Estradiol; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neoplasm Metastasis; Phosphorylation; Protein Conformation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Serine; Sulfonamides; Tubulin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651470475	Docking, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Antimitotic Estrone Analogs	Stander A., Joubert F., Joubert A.	2011	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	77	3	10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01064.x	Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Stander, A., Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, F., Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, A., Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In the present study, Autodock 4.0 was employed to discover potential carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors that are able to interfere with microtubule dynamics by binding to the Colchicine binding site of tubulin. Modifications at position 2' of estrone were made to include moieties that are known to improve the antimitotic activity of estradiol analogs. 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-3-ol-17-one estronem (C9) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (C12) were synthesized and tested in vitro. Growth studies were conducted utilizing spectrophotometrical analysis with crystal violet as DNA stain. Compounds C9 and C12 were cytotoxic in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells, SNO non-keratinizing squamous epithelium cancer cells and HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. Compounds C9 inhibited cell proliferation to 50% of the vehicle-treated controls from 110 to 160nm and C12 at concentrations ranging from 180 to 220nm. Confocal microscopy revealed abnormal spindle morphology in mitotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the number of cells in the G 2/M fraction after 24h and an increase in the number of cell in the sub-G 1 fraction after 48h, indicating that the compounds are antimitotic and able to induce apoptosis. © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S.	Biological screening; Mechanism-based drug design; Virtual screening	2 ethyl 3 o sulphamoy lestra 1,3,5(10), 15 tetraen 3 ol 17 one estronem; 2 ethyl 3 o sulphamoyl estra 1,3,5(10) 16 tetraene; 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine; antimitotic agent; carbonate dehydratase inhibitor; colchicine; crystal violet; tubulin; unclassified drug; apoptosis; article; breast cancer; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell count; cell cycle G1 phase; cell cycle G2 phase; cell cycle M phase; cell fractionation; cell strain MCF 7; concentration (parameters); confocal microscopy; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug binding site; drug screening; drug synthesis; HeLa cell; human; human cell; in vitro study; microtubule assembly; mitosis inhibition; mitosis rate; molecular docking; priority journal; spectrophotometry; squamous cell carcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antimitotic Agents; Binding Sites; Breast Neoplasms; Carbonic Anhydrase II; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Colchicine; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Estrone; Female; G2 Phase; Humans; Software; Tubulin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908161323	The impact of biochar on the bioaccessibility of 14C-phenanthrene in aged soil	Ogbonnaya O.U., Adebisi O.O., Semple K.T.	2014	Environmental Sciences: Processes and Impacts	16	11	10.1039/c4em00396a	EcoSystems Environmental Management Services Ltd, 8 Rasheed Alaba Williams Street, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki-Peninsula, Lagos, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Department of Microbiology, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria; Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Ce	Ogbonnaya, O.U., EcoSystems Environmental Management Services Ltd, 8 Rasheed Alaba Williams Street, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki-Peninsula, Lagos, Nigeria, Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Adebisi, O.O., University of Ilorin, Department of Microbiology, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria, Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Semple, K.T., Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom	Biochar is a carbon rich product from the incomplete combustion of biomass and it has been shown to reduce bioavailability of organic contaminants through adsorption. This study investigated the influence of 0%, 1%, 5% and 10% of two different particle sized wood biochars (≤2 mm and 3-7 mm) on the bioaccessibility of 14C-phenanthrene (10 mg kg-1) in aged soil. The extent of 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation by phenanthrene-degrading Pseudomonas sp. inoculum was monitored over a 14 day period in respirometric assays and compared to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) aqueous extraction. Notably, biochar amendments showed significant reduction in extents of mineralisation and HPCD extraction. Linear correlations between HPCD extractability and the total amount mineralised revealed good correlations, with 2 mm biochar showing a best fit (r2 = 0.97, slope = 1.11, intercept = 1.72). Biochar reduced HPCD extractability and bioaccessibility of 14C-phenanthrene to microorganisms in a similar manner. Biochar can aid risk reduction to phenanthrene exposure to biota in soil and HPCD can serve as a useful tool to assess the extent of exposure in biochar-amended soils. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.	None	2 hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin; adsorbent; biochar; phenanthrene c 14; radioisotope; unclassified drug; biochar; charcoal; phenanthrene; phenanthrene derivative; soil; soil pollutant; aged soil; aqueous solution; Article; bioaccessibility; biomineralization; controlled study; extraction; nonhuman; Pseudomonas; reduction; respirometry; soil; soil amendment; soil inoculation; analysis; bioremediation; chemistry; microbiology; soil; soil pollutant; Biodegradation, Environmental; Charcoal; Phenanthrenes; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35349012079	Development of an analytical method for the evaluation of N,N-dimethylformamide in dosage form design	Olivier E.I., Du Toit D., Hamman J.H.	2007	Pharmazie	62	10	10.1691/ph.2007.10.7013	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Olivier, E.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Du Toit, D., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a well-known chemical entity that is extensively used for pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical applications. Previous research identified the need for the development of an effective dosage form for the systemic delivery of DMF due to its unique antiviral properties. For purposes of quality control and evaluation during pharmaceutical product development, development of an analytical method was required. A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed with a flame-ionization detector (FID) on a carbowax packed glass column. 2-Methoxyethanol was used as internal standard. The analytical method proved to be capable of separating DMF and 2-methoxyethanol adequately within a relatively short runtime of 2.5 min. The analytical method described was primarily developed for use in dissolution studies of DMF containing delivery systems. Various physicochemical properties of candidate internal standard materials were correlated with the observed retention times of these compounds. The best correlation (r2 = 0.8077) was obtained between the boiling point and the retention time of the compounds for the current application. The boiling point of an internal standard candidate material may therefore be useful in predicting the retention time of that compound under similar conditions.	None	2 methoxyethanol; macrogol; n,n dimethylformamide; article; chemical analysis; drug delivery system; gas chromatography; melting point; physical chemistry; pressure; temperature sensitivity; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chemistry, Physical; Dosage Forms; Excipients; Flame Ionization; Formamides; Indicators and Reagents; Quality Control; Reference Standards	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919947877	Synthesis of functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines via intermediate (3-pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines and evaluation of their antiplasmodial and antifungal activity	Vandekerckhove S., Van Herreweghe S., Willems J., Danneels B., Desmet T., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Chibale K., D'Hooghe M.	2015	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	92	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.020	SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Vandekerckhove, S., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Van Herreweghe, S., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Willems, J., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Danneels, B., Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, T., Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; De Kock, C., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Chibale, K., South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; D'Hooghe, M., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium	(3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines were prepared via cyclization of diallylaminoquinolines and 4-chloro-N-quinolinylbutanamides, respectively, as novel synthetic intermediates en route to N-functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines with potential biological activity. (3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)quinolines were subjected to bromination reactions, and the reactivity of (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines toward lithium aluminum hydride and methyllithium was assessed, providing an entry into a broad range of novel functionalized (pyrrolidin-1-yl)- and (hydroxyalkylamino)quinolines. Antiplasmodial evaluation of these novel quinolines and their functionalized derivatives revealed moderate micromolar potency against a chloroquine-sensitive strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and the two most potent compounds also showed micromolar activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum. Antifungal assessment of (hydroxyalkylamino)quinolines revealed three compounds with promising MIC values against Rhodotorula bogoriensis and one compound with potent activity against Aspergillus flavus. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial agents; Antimicrobial agents; Pyrrolidine derivatives; Quinolines	2 methyl 3 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 3 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 3 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 4 (quinolin 3 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 5 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 6 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 8 ylamino)butanol; 5 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 5 (2 methylquinolin 3 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (2 methylquinolin 3 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 5 (quinolin 3 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 8 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 6 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 6 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 8 (2 oxopyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; aminoquinoline derivative; amphotericin B; antifungal agent; antimalarial agent; artesunate; chloroquine; emetine; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; aminoquinoline derivative; antifungal agent; antimalarial agent; antifungal activity; antimalarial activity; Article; Aspergillus flavus; bromination; Candida albicans; controlled study; derivatization; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodotorula; Rhodotorula bogoriensis; structure activity relation; substitution reaction; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug sensitivity; synthesis; Aminoquinolines; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Aspergillus flavus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodotorula; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934764742	Biological activities of (E)-N-(CH<inf>3</inf>-substituted-phenyl)-1-phenylmethanimine: Evaluation of ortho-, meta- and para- substitution effects	Mkpenie V.N., Mkpenie I.V., Essien E.E.	2015	Der Pharma Chemica	7	6	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Mkpenie, V.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Mkpenie, I.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Essien, E.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Schiff bases with ortho-, meta- and para-methyl substituents were synthesized by thecondensation of appropriatearomatic amines (o-, m- and p-toluidine) with benzaldehyde. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. The sensitivity of thebacteria and fungi was evaluated bymeasuring the zones of inhibition exhibited by the microorganisms against the tested compounds using disk diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the methyl group substituted at meta and para positions exhibited more antifungal and antibacterial activities compared to the ortho and unsubstituted derivatives. The results showed that antifungal and antibacterial activities are affected by the position of substituents in the aryl ring of theSchiff bases.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Schiff bases; Substitution effect; Toluidine	2 methylaniline; 3 methylaniline; 4 methylaniline; aniline derivative; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; fluconazole; n (2 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n (3 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n (4 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n,1 diphenylmethanimine derivative; Schiff base; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; antifungal activity; antifungal susceptibility; Article; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; nonhuman; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; Trichophyton rubrum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864351893	Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidative response evaluation by cyclic voltammetry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	Castro C.C., Gunning C., Oliveira C.M., Couto J.A., Teixeira J.A., Martins R.C., Ferreira A.C.S.	2012	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	60	29	10.1021/jf300389v	IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF, Universidade Cato.lica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Anto.nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Quimica and QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; BioInformatics Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Castro, C.C., IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Gunning, C., Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF, Universidade Cato.lica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Anto.nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Oliveira, C.M., Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF, Universidade Cato.lica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Anto.nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal, Departamento de Quimica and QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Couto, J.A., Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF, Universidade Cato.lica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Anto.nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Teixeira, J.A., IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Martins, R.C., BioInformatics Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Ferreira, A.C.S., Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF, Universidade Cato.lica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Anto.nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa	This study is focused on the evaluation of the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism in the profile of compounds with antioxidant capacity in a synthetic wine during fermentation. A bioanalytical pipeline, which allows for biological systems fingerprinting and sample classification by combining electrochemical features with biochemical background, is proposed. To achieve this objective, alcoholic fermentations of a minimal medium supplemented with phenolic acids were evaluated daily during 11 days, for electrochemical profile, phenolic acids, and the volatile fermentation fraction, using cyclic voltametry, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, and headspace/solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (target and nontarget approaches), respectively. It was found that acetic acid, 2-phenylethanol, and isoamyl acetate are compounds with a significative contribution for samples metabolic variability, and the electrochemical features demonstrated redox-potential changes throughout the alcoholic fermentations, showing at the end a similar pattern to normal wines. Moreover, S. cerevisiae had the capacity of producing chlorogenic acid in the supplemented medium fermentation from simple precursors present in the minimal medium. © 2012 American Chemical Society.	Bioanalytical methods; chemometrics; electrochemical sensors; mass spectrometry	2-phenylethanol; Alcoholic fermentation; Antioxidant capacity; Bioanalytical; Bioanalytical methods; Chemometrics; Chlorogenic acids; Chromatography-mass spectrometry; Cyclic voltametry; Electrochemical features; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Headspaces; Isoamyl acetate; Liquid chromatography-diode array detection; Metabolic variability; Microextraction; Phenolic acids; Redoxpotential; S.cerevisiae; Sample classification; Similar pattern; Acetic acid; Cyclic voltammetry; Electrochemical sensors; Ethanol; Fermentation; Gas chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Metabolism; Organic acids; Phenols; Yeast; antioxidant; article; electrochemical analysis; fermentation; high performance liquid chromatography; mass fragmentography; metabolism; metabolomics; oxidation reduction reaction; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; wine; Antioxidants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemical Techniques; Fermentation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Oxidation-Reduction; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Wine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955583128	Expeditious synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,N 6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamines as potential antimalarials	Gravestock D., Rousseau A.L., Lourens A.C.U., Moleele S.S., Van Zyl R.L., Steenkamp P.A.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.054	Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Gravestock, D., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rousseau, A.L., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lourens, A.C.U., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Moleele, S.S., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Steenkamp, P.A., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	A small set of novel 2,N6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamines was prepared possessing a flexible tether between the exocyclic nitrogen bonded to C-6 of the 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine heterocycle and the distal aryl ring. Three zones were varied in this series of compounds, namely the nature of the substituent(s) on C-2; the nature of the substituent(s) on the distal aryl ring; as well as the nature and length of the flexible tether between the rings. The compound showing the best antimalarial activity (cycloguanil-resistant FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 0.99 μM) was N6-(3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-1,2- dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine hydrochloride. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.	2,N6-Disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamine; Antimalarial; Biguanide; Cycloguanil; FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum strain	2 phenyl n 6 (3 (2,4,6 trichlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; 4,6 diamino 1,2 dihydro 2,2 dimethyl 1 [3 (2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy)propoxy] 1,3,5 triazine; antimalarial agent; cycloguanil; diamine derivative; n 4 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 4 benzyl 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 6 (3 (2 fluorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (2,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (3,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (2 chlorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (dimethylaminol)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl)1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 methoxyphenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (furan 2 yl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 cyclohexyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 nitrrophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 chlorophenethyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (5 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 benzyl 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; binding site; drug synthesis; erythrocyte; hemolysis; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; substitution reaction; Antimalarials; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triazines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920506835	Evaluation of halogenated coumarins for antimosquito properties	Narayanaswamy V.K., Gleiser R.M., Kasumbwe K., Aldhubiab B.E., Attimarad M.V., Odhav B.	2014	Scientific World Journal	2014	None	10.1155/2014/189824	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; CREAN-IMBIV (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Valparaíso s/n, Córdoba, Argentina	Narayanaswamy, V.K., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Gleiser, R.M., CREAN-IMBIV (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Valparaíso s/n, Córdoba, Argentina; Kasumbwe, K., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Aldhubiab, B.E., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Attimarad, M.V., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Odhav, B., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Mosquitoes are the major vectors of parasites and pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals. The widespread development of insecticide resistance and negative environmental effects of most synthetic compounds support an interest in finding and developing alternative products against mosquitoes. Natural coumarins and synthetic coumarin analogues are known for their several pharmacological properties, including being insecticidal. In the present study halogenated coumarins (3-mono/dibromo acetyl, 6-halogenated coumarin analogues) were screened for larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties against Anopheles arabiensis, a zoophilic mosquito that is one of the dominant vectors of malaria in Africa. Five compounds exerted 100% larval mortality within 24 h of exposure. All coumarins and halogenated coumarins reversibly knocked down adult mosquitoes but did not kill them after 24 h of exposure. Repellent properties could not be evidenced. Five compounds were considered potential larvicidal agents for further research and development, while adulticidal activity was considered only mild to moderate. © 2014 Venugopala K. Narayanaswamy et al.	None	3 (2 aminothiazol 4 yl) 6 bromo 2h chromen 2 one; 3 (2 bromoacetyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 (2 bromoacetyl) 6 chloro 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetyl 6 bromo 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetyl 6 chloro 2h chromen 2 one; 6 bromo 3 (2 bromoacetyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 6 bromo 3 (2,2 dibromoacetyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 6,7 methoxy coumarin; coumarin derivative; halide; insect repellent; larvicidal agent; scopoletin; unclassified drug; virus vector; coumarin derivative; insect repellent; insecticide; animal experiment; animal model; Anopheles arabiensis; Article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; drug exposure; drug screening; female; insecticidal activity; insecticide resistance; life cycle stage; malaria; mortality; mosquito; nonhuman; pharmacological parameters; vector control; animal; Anopheles; chemistry; human; livestock; mosquito; synthesis; Animalia; Anopheles arabiensis; Animals; Anopheles; Coumarins; Humans; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Livestock; Mosquito Control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959853538	Cytotoxicity evaluation of selected Nigerian plants used in traditional cancer treatment	Sowemimo A., ven de Venter M., Baatjies L., Koekemoer T.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	5	11	None	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Sowemimo, A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; ven de Venter, M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Baatjies, L., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Koekemoer, T., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Herbal medicines have received much attention as a source of new anticancer drugs. However, scientific studies have been conducted to a limited extent with few medicinal plants. This study investigates the cytotoxic activity of some Nigerian medicinal plants used locally in the treatment of cancer. The ethanolic extracts of five plants were evaluated using the MTT assay on the HT29 and MCF-7 cell lines. Sapium ellipticum leaves showed a greater cytotoxic activity than Combretum paniculatum, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordata and Cyathula prostata and it was comparable to the activity of the reference compound Cisplatin in the MCF-7 cell line. In the HT29 cell line, all the plants showed less than 50% activity at 500 μg/ml. The results showed that Sapium exhibited a greater cytotoxic activity than all the plants tested and this provides scientific evidence to support the traditional use of the plant. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cancer; Cisplatin; Cytotoxicity; Sapium; Traditional medicine	3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; antineoplastic agent; Celosia trigyna extract; cisplatin; combretum paniculatum extract; Cyathula prostata extract; Drymaria cordata extract; plant extract; Sapium ellipticum extract; unclassified drug; antineoplastic activity; article; cancer chemotherapy; cancer therapy; cell strain HT29; cell strain MCF 7; Celosia trigyna; Combretum paniculatum; controlled study; Cyathula prostata; drug cytotoxicity; drug effect; drug mechanism; drug screening; drug use; Drymaria cordata; herbal medicine; medicinal plant; Nigeria; plant leaf; Sapium ellipticum; Celosia trigyna; Combretum paniculatum; Cyathula; Drymaria cordata; Sapium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953635043	Evaluation of seven tests for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda	Bwanga F., Joloba M.L., Haile M., Hoffner S.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	7	None	Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	Bwanga, F., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Joloba, M.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Haile, M., TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Hoffner, S., TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	SETTINGS: National Tuberculosis (TB) Reference Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate head-to-head rapid tests for drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: Thirty-one well-characterised strains of M. tuberculosis were tested with the nitrate reductase assay (NRA), microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS), MGITTM 960 (Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube 960), Genotype® MTBDRplus, Alamar blue, MTT and resazurin assays. The proportion method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium was used as the reference test. RESULTS: NRA correctly identifi ed the resistant strains, with 100% sensitivity and specifi city. MGIT 960 detected all multidrug-resistant strains but missed one RMPmonoresistant strain. Genotype MTBDRplus detected all RMP-resistant strains, but the sensitivity for detection of INH resistance was lower (88%). Sensitivity and specifi city ranged from 86% to 100% for MODS and from 57% to 100% for the Alamar blue, MTT and resazurin assays. Test results were obtained within 2-14 days. CONCLUSION: In the study setting, NRA, MGIT 960 and Genotype MTBDRplus gave excellent detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, with signifi cantly shorter time to results compared to conventional testing. © 2010 The Union.	Drug susceptibility testing; Drug-resistant tuberculosis; M. tuberculosis; MDR-TB	3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; isoniazid; nitrate reductase; resazurin; rifampicin; isoniazid; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; article; assay; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; colorimetry; controlled study; culture medium; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug sensitivity; enzyme assay; genotype; human; lung tuberculosis; microscopic observation drug susceptibility; microscopy; multidrug resistance; mycobacterium growth indicator tube 960; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nitrate reductase assay; nonhuman; observation; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; comparative study; drug effects; isolation and purification; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; time; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Antitubercular Agents; Humans; Isoniazid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455137096	Isolation of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpropenoate and bioactivity evaluation of Gomphrena celosioides extracts	Dosumua O.O., Idowuc P.A., Onochab P.A., Ekundayob O.	2010	EXCLI Journal	9	None	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Dosumua, O.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idowuc, P.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Onochab, P.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ekundayob, O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The efficacy of Gomphrena celosioides extracts in traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases was evaluated by biological assays. The bioactivities of the extracts of this plant were tested against organisms. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the plant displayed inhibition activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Methanol extract was active against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton species with diameter zones of inhibition between 14 and 20 mm. Fractionation of the methanol extract produced 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpropenoate with mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms. The anthelmintic assay showed ethyl acetate and methanol extracts to be active against Fasciola gigantica, Taenia solium and Pheretima pasthuma. Ethyl acetate was the most toxic of the extracts causing paralysis of Taenia solium within 15 minutes and the death of Fasciola gigantica within 20 minutes of application. The brine shrimp assay gave an LC 50 of 52.15 and 77.98 μg/ml on hexane and methanol extracts respectively. The result of this work corroborated the folkloric use of Gomphrena celosioides in the treatment of infectious diseases.	Anthelmintic; Antimicrobial; Cytotoxicity; Gomphrena celosioides; Phytochemical analysis	3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)methylpropenate; acetic acid ethyl ester; ampicillin; anthelmintic agent; antiinfective agent; Gomphrena celosioides extract; hydroxybenzoic acid derivative; methanol; plant extract; tioconazole; unclassified drug; Amaranthaceae; annelid worm; anthelmintic activity; antibacterial activity; Artemia; article; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; Escherichia coli; Fasciola gigantica; Gomphrena celosioides; growth inhibition; LC 50; nonhuman; Pheretima pasthuma; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; structure analysis; Taenia solium; toxicity testing; Trichophyton; Artemia; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Fasciola gigantica; Gomphrena celosioides; Pheretima; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Taenia solium; Trichophyton	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855999356	Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-pyrazole, N′-thiazole urea inhibitors of MAP kinase p38α	Getlik M., Grütter C., Simard J.R., Nguyen H.D., Robubi A., Aust B., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Rauh D.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	48	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.019	Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Getlik, M., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Grütter, C., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Simard, J.R., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Nguyen, H.D., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Robubi, A., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Aust, B., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Rauh, D., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany	In this paper, we present the structure-based design, synthesis and biological activity of N-pyrazole, N′-thiazole-ureas as potent inhibitors of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK). Guided by complex crystal structures, we employed the initially identified N-aryl, N′-thiazole urea scaffold and introduced key structural elements that allowed the formation of novel hydrogen bonding interactions within the allosteric site of p38α, resulting in potent type III inhibitors. [4-(3-tert-Butyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) -phenyl]acetic acid 18c was found to be the most potent compound within this series and inhibited p38α activity with an IC 50 of 135 ± 21 nM. Its closest analog, ethyl [4-(3-tert-butyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino) carbonyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]acetate 18b, effectively inhibited p38α mediated phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in HeLa cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	DFG-out; Kinase inhibitors; p38α MAPK	[3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopentyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopropyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 tert butyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetate; [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopentyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 tert butyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; ethyl [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetate; mitogen activated protein kinase 14; mitogen activated protein kinase p38 inhibitor; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' (1,3 thiazol 2 yl)urea; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' [4 [2 (4 pyridinylmethoxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]urea; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' [4 [2 [(4 fluorobenzyl)oxy]ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]urea; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] 3 fluoro 5 (4 morpholinyl)benzamide; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] n' [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl]urea; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] n' [4 chloro 3 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; pyrazole derivative; tert butyl 4 (2 hydroxyethyl) 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 (4 pyridinylmethoxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 [(4 fluorobenzyl)oxy]ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; urea derivative; article; biological activity; controlled study; crystal structure; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; enzyme phosphorylation; female; HeLa cell; human; human cell; pharmacological blocking; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14; Models, Molecular; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrazoles; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149091240	Microwave-assisted synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3-{3-(s-aryl and s-heteroaromatic)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives	Ajani O.O., Nwinyi O.C.	2010	Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry	47	1	10.1002/jhet.298	Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajani, O.O., Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Nwinyi, O.C., Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	(Chemical Equation Presented) The exploration of potential utilization of microwaves as an energy source for heterocyclic synthesis was herein investigated using condensation of 3-acetylcoumarin (1) with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aromatic chalcones (2a-j) and heteroaromatic chalcones (3a-e and 4a-e), respectively, in good to excellent yield within 1-3 min. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and 3-{3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2- one (2i) was discovered to be the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 μg/mL. © 2010 HeteroCorporation.	None	3 (5 phenylpenta 2,4 dienoyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (3 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 chlorophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 ethylphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 nitrophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chloro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chlorofuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitrofuran 2 yl]acryloyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (furan 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetylcoumarin; 3 cinnamoyl 2h chromen 2 one; aldehyde derivative; antiinfective agent; chalcone derivative; coumarin derivative; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; microwave radiation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; ultraviolet spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887429406	Evaluation of Baylis-Hillman Routes to 3-(Aminomethyl)coumarin Derivatives	Olasupo I., Rose N.R., Klein R., Adams L.A., Familoni O.B., Kaye P.T.	2014	Synthetic Communications	44	2	10.1080/00397911.2013.803575	Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Olasupo, I., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Rose, N.R., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Klein, R., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Adams, L.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Familoni, O.B., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Kaye, P.T., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The relative merits of two different Baylis-Hillman approaches toward the preparation of coumarin derivatives, containing peptide-like side chains, have been explored. In one approach, use of methyl acrylate as the activated alkene requires a protecting group strategy, an approach that is not necessary when using tert-butyl acrylate. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.] © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	3-(Aminomethyl)coumarins; aza-Michael; Baylis-Hillman	3 (aminomethyl)coumarin derivative; acrylic acid butyl ester; acrylic acid methyl ester; coumarin derivative; unclassified drug; article; Baylis Hillman reaction; drug structure; nucleophilicity	62273, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847633972	The impact of ecological variability on the reproductive endocrinology of wild female African elephants	Wittemyer G., Ganswindt A., Hodges K.	2007	Hormones and Behavior	51	3	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.12.013	Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Section of Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa	Wittemyer, G., Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Ganswindt, A., Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Section of Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa; Hodges, K., Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, 37077 Goettingen, Germany	Non-invasive endocrine methods enable investigation of the relationship between ecological variation and ovarian activity and how this impacts on demographic processes. The underlying physiological factors driving high variation in inter-calving intervals among multi-parous African elephants offer an interesting system for such an investigation. This study investigates the relationship between Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), an ecosystem surrogate measure of primary productivity, and fecal progestin concentrations among wild female elephants. Matched fecal samples and behavioral data on reproductive activity were collected from 37 focal individuals during the two-year study. Linear mixed models were used to explore the relationship between fecal 5α-pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations and the independent variables of NDVI, calf sex, female age, gestation day, and time since last parturition. Among both non-pregnant and pregnant females, fecal 5α-pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations were significantly correlated with time-specific NDVI indicating a strong relationship between ecological conditions and endocrine activity regulating reproduction. In addition, the age of a female and time since her last parturition impacted hormone concentrations. These results indicate that the identification of an individual's reproductive status from a single hormone sample is possible, but difficult to achieve in practice since numerous independent factors, particularly season, impact fecal hormone concentrations. Regardless of season, however, fecal 5α-pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations below 1 μg/g were exclusively collected from non-pregnant females, which could be used as a threshold value to identify non-pregnant individuals. Collectively the information generated contributes to a better understanding of environmental regulation of reproductive endocrinology in wild elephant populations, information salient to the management and manipulation of population dynamics in this species. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	African elephant; Demography; Ecology; Feces; Hormone; NDVI; Non-invasive; Population management; Progestogens; Reproduction	3beta hydroxy 5alpha pregnan 20 one; animal experiment; article; behavior; birth; controlled study; demography; ecosystem restoration; elephant; endocrine function; evolutionary adaptation; feces analysis; female; genital system; gestation period; groups by age; hormone blood level; independent variable; multipara; nonhuman; ovary function; priority journal; productivity; reproduction; seasonal variation; sex ratio; statistical model; vegetation dynamics; 5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone; Animals; Animals, Wild; Ecosystem; Elephants; Feces; Female; Gestational Age; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Reproduction; Seasons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861540570	Novel size and shape measurements applied to jig plant performance analysis	Voigt A.E., Twalat C.	2012	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	112	3	None	DebTech, De Beers Group Services (Pty) Ltd., South Africa; Kumba Iron Ore Ltd., South Africa	Voigt, A.E., DebTech, De Beers Group Services (Pty) Ltd., South Africa; Twalat, C., Kumba Iron Ore Ltd., South Africa	Iron ore samples representing the input and output of several jigging experiments were analysed to determine the effect of particle size, shape, and density on jigging performance. Traditionally, the manual measurement of the size and shape of individual particles is very tedious and prone to inaccuracies and inconsistencies. Using a novel multi-view imaging technique the 3-dimensional representations of each particle in the sample was determined. From this representation several size and shape measurements were extracted, and these were correlated with the individual particle density measurements. A rigorous investigation into the confidence associated with density and the size and shape features as a function of sample size was conducted, thus allowing the significance of correlations in the data to be determined. The jig's performance was seen to be clearly sensitive to density and markedly so to particle size, while the results for shape indicated the need for continued work in the definition of particle shape. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012.	Density; Jig; MDS; Shape; Size	3-dimensional representation; Individual particles; Input and outputs; MDS; Multi-views; Particle shape; Plant performance; Sample sizes; Shape; Size; Size and shape; Density (specific gravity); Imaging techniques; Iron ores; Jigs; Particle size	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940577071	Evaluation of residual stress in stainless steel 316L and Ti6Al4V samples produced by selective laser melting	Yadroitsev I., Yadroitsava I.	2015	Virtual and Physical Prototyping	10	2	10.1080/17452759.2015.1026045	Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa	Yadroitsev, I., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa; Yadroitsava, I., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa	Selective laser melting (SLM) has great potential in additive manufacturing because it enables the production of full-density complex parts with the desired inner structure and surface morphology. High temperature gradients as a result of the locally concentrated energy input lead to residual stresses, crack formation and part deformation during processing or after separation from the supports and the substrate. In this study, an X-ray diffraction technique and numerical simulation were used for investigating the residual stress in SLM samples fabricated from stainless steel 316L and Ti6Al4V alloy. Conclusions regarding directions and values of stresses in SLM objects are given. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	numerical simulation; residual stress; selective laser melting; stainless steel; titanium alloy	3D printers; Alloy steel; Computer simulation; Melting; Numerical models; Residual stresses; Titanium alloys; X ray diffraction; Additive Manufacturing; Energy inputs; High temperature gradient; Inner structure; Selective laser melting; Stainless steel 316L; Ti-6Al-4V alloy; X-ray diffraction techniques; Stainless steel	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71749096148	Evaluation of copper speciation in model solutions of humic acid by mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and new chelating agents: Application to speciation of selected heavy metals in environmental water samples	Kiptoo J.K., Ngila J.C., Silavwe N.D.	2009	Journal of Hazardous Materials	172	42403	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.119	Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	Kiptoo, J.K., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngila, J.C., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Silavwe, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	A solid-phase extraction procedure using mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and two new chelating agents based on poly(vinyl chloride) functionalized with 3-ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid and N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine) (H2sales) loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene, is reported. The columns were used to separate labile copper fractions in model solutions and in real samples with subsequent determination using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Various model solutions containing 20 μg L-1 of Cu2+ and 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively, and buffered to pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were considered. Results showed a decrease in labile copper fraction with increase in humic acid concentration. Application of the procedure to speciation of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in various environmental water samples yielded labile fractions in the range of 1.67-55.75% against a total dissolved fraction of 44.08-69.77%. Comparison of the three chelating agents showed that H2sales had a weaker metal chelating strength than Chelex-100, but PVC-FSSH had comparable chelating strength to Chelex-100. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Labile metal fraction; N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine)	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Ferrocenyl; Labile metals; Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Biological materials; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Dissolution; Enzyme immobilization; Ethylene; Heavy water; Lead; Metal recovery; Metals; Naphthalene; Organic acids; Polyvinyl chlorides; Zinc; Extraction; 3 ferrocenyl 3 hydroxydithioacrylic acid; chelating agent; copper; humic acid; lead; n,n' [1,1' dithiobis(ethylene)]bis(salicylideneimine); naphthalene; nickel; polyvinylchloride; river water; unclassified drug; zinc; aqueous solution; chelation; copper; extraction method; humic acid; speciation (chemistry); article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chelation; complex formation; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dissolution; heavy metal removal; metal binding; metal extraction; pH; solid phase extraction; waste water; water treatment; Chelating Agents; Copper; Environmental Remediation; Humic Substances; Ion Exchange; Metals, Heavy; Polyvinyl Chloride; Resins, Synthetic; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867237053	The design, synthesis, in silico ADME profiling, antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial evaluation of new arylamino quinoline derivatives	Tukulula M., Little S., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Wan B., Franzblau S.G., Chibale K.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	57	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.047	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Tukulula, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Little, S., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Wan, B., Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Franzblau, S.G., Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	A series of new arylamino quinoline derivatives was designed based on the quinine and mefloquine scaffolds and evaluated in vitro for antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial activities. A number of these compounds exhibited significant activity against the drug-sensitive 3D7 and drug-resistant K1 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Furthermore, two compounds, 4.12b and 4.12d, also showed 94 and 98% growth inhibitory activity against non-replicating and replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, respectively. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimycobacterial; Antiplasmodial; Arylamino quinoline tetrazoles; Physico-chemical properties	4 [(1 tert butyl 1h tetrazol 5 yl)(piperidin 1 yl)methyl] 6 methoxyquinoline; antimalarial agent; n [(1 tert butyl 1h tetrazol 5 yl)(6 methoxyquinolin 4 yl)methyl] n ethylethanamine; quinoline derivative; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antiprotozoal activity; article; computer model; drug absorption; drug design; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug metabolism; drug structure; drug synthesis; electrospray mass spectrometry; growth inhibition; in vitro study; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; physical chemistry; Plasmodium falciparum; Aminoquinolines; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Assay; Blood-Brain Barrier; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mefloquine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856430789	In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes using human lymphocytes	Adegoke O.A., Kyu J.K., Mukherjee A.	2012	Food and Chemical Toxicology	50	04-Mar	10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.022	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Centre of Advanced Study, Cell	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; Kyu, J.K., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Mukherjee, A., Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India	The genotoxicity of a new monoazo dye series, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes has been evaluated using human lymphocytes by alkaline comet assay. Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed to the dyes (AZ-01, -02, -03 and -04) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 μM for 3. h at 37 °C. Appropriate negative (culture medium) and positive (100 μM methyl methane sulfonate) controls were set up alongside with the dye-treated cells. Comet assay was performed to assess the extent of DNA damage. The four dyes gave varying results with respect to the parameters of DNA damage studied. AZ-01 showed concentration-dependent DNA damage (% Tail DNA) while lower concentrations (31.25-62.5 μM) did not produce any significant difference in the tail extent moment. AZ-02, the positional isomer of AZ-01, gave non-genotoxic effects at lower concentrations for the two DNA parameters. AZ-03 and AZ-04 (possessing additional C-7 substituents) did not produce significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations relative to the negative control. Two of these monoazo dyes show the potential of being used as edible colorants. The results revealed that genotoxicity of congeneric dyes bear a direct relationship to their chemical structure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	4-Carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; Comet assay; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Human lymphocytes	4 [(2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(7 (1 carboxyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; azo dye; unclassified drug; adult; article; cell isolation; cell viability; chemical structure; comet assay; concentration (parameters); controlled study; DNA damage; genotoxicity; human; human cell; in vitro study; lymphocyte; male; structure activity relation; toxicity testing; Azo Compounds; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mutagens; Naphthols	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751566546	Cytotoxicity evaluation and isolation of a chroman derivative from Phyllanthus amarus aerial part extract	Ajaiyeoba E., Kingston D.	2006	Pharmaceutical Biology	44	9	10.1080/13880200601006905	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States	Ajaiyeoba, E., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kingston, D., Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States	Chemical and cytotoxicity examinations of the crude methanol extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) were investigated. The cytotoxicity property of the P. amarus was evaluated in vitro, using the human ovarian A2780 cancer cell. Bioassay-guided fraction of the crude extract (IC50 value of 31.2 μg/mL) showed that the dichloromethane fraction was most toxic with an IC50 value of 22.7 μg/mL, whereas the polar methanol fraction was least cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 31.2 μg/mL. This led to the isolation of a new chroman derivative from the dichloromethane fraction. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data, the structure of the chroman was established as 4,4,8-trimethoxy chroman. The compound exhibited very little or no in vitro cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 16.2 μg/mL, relative to actinomycin, the reference compound, with an IC50 of 2.0 ng/mL. It can therefore be concluded that the aerial parts of P. amarus, an extensively used plant remedy in various African and Asian Pacific ethnomedicines, is relatively nontoxic. © 2006 Informa Healthcare.	Aerial parts; Cancer cell; Chroman derivative; Cytotoxicity; Phyllanthus amarus	4,4,8 trimethoxychroman; chroman derivative; dactinomycin; dichloromethane; methanol; Phyllanthus amarus extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; article; bioassay; cancer cell; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug structure; human; human cell; IC 50; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance; ovary cancer; Phyllanthus amarus; traditional medicine; Euphorbiaceae; Phyllanthus amarus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349191053	Comparative evaluation of the microbial community in biological processes treating industrial and domestic wastewaters	Degenaar A.P., Ismail A., Bux F.	2008	Journal of Applied Microbiology	104	2	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03563.x	Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Degenaar, A.P., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Ismail, A., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Bux, F., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Aims: Comparison of the microbial composition and process performance between laboratory scale processes treating domestic and vegetable oil wastewaters. Methods and Results: Two laboratory scale modified Ludzack-Ettinger processes were operated under similar operating conditions. One process was fed domestic wastewater and the other an industrial wastewater, vegetable oil effluent. Nitrogen removal capacities of the processes were similar. The industrial process exhibited a lower COD removal capacity and oxygen utilization rate, although a greater mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration was observed in the industrial process. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes EUBmix, ALF1b, BET42a, GAM42a and HGC69a revealed that 81% and 72% of total cells stained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) within the domestic and industrial processes respectively bound to EUBmix. This indicated a slightly lower Eubacterial population within the industrial process. The alpha-proteobacteria was the dominant community in the industrial process (31% of EUBmix), while the beta-proteobacteria dominated the domestic process (33% of EUBmix). Conclusions: The findings served to establish a difference in the microbial population between the processes. Therefore, the class alpha-proteobacteria could play a primary role in the degradation of vegetable oil effluent. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research will aid in process design and retrofitting of biological processes treating vegetable oil effluent. © 2007 The Authors.	Alpha-proteobacteria; Beta-proteobacteria; FISH; Vegetable oil effluent treatment	4',6 diamidino 2 phenylindole; nitrogen; vegetable oil; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; domestic waste; hybridization; industrial waste; microbial community; vegetable oil; waste treatment; wastewater; Alphaproteobacteria; article; Betaproteobacteria; bioprocess; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; domestic waste; effluent; fluorescence in situ hybridization; immunocytochemistry; industrial waste; liquid; microbial community; microbial population dynamics; nonhuman; oxygen consumption; waste water management; Alphaproteobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Betaproteobacteria; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Industrial Waste; Plant Oils; Proteobacteria; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Alphaproteobacteria; Bacteria (microorganisms); Betaproteobacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856567704	Evaluation of antibacterial potential of crude extract of Moringa oleifera seed on orthopaedics wound isolates and characterization of phenylmethanamine and benzyl isothiocyanate derivatives	Oluduro O.A., Idowu T.O., Aderiye B.I., Famurewa O., Omoboye O.O.	2012	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	6	5	10.3923/rjmp.2012.383.394	Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Osun S	Oluduro, O.A., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Idowu, T.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderiye, B.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Famurewa, O., College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494, Oke-Baale, Osogbo, Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Omoboye, O.O., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The antibacterial activity of crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera seed on some orthopaedic wounds isolates which include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cepacia, Yersinia enterocolitica, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia rubidae, Salmonella pullorum and Klebsiella oxycota was investigated. Both the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of the seed demonstrated an appreciable inhibitory effects on the isolates with zone of growth inhibition ranging from 15 to 30.5 mm with aqueous extract and 9 to 20 mm with methanolic extract. Both extracts compared favourably with the reference standard antibiotics used. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the seed ranged from 0.875 to 5.0 μg mL -1 in aqueous extract and 0.875 to 2.5 μg mL -1 in methanolic extract. Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the seed led to the isolation and identification of new benzyl isothiocyanate and phenylmethanamine derivatives named 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-→4-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxyl)-benzyl isothiocyanate (4) and 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy-N-glucopyranosyl-1-→2-fructopyranosyloxy phenylmethanamine (5) along with three known compounds, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (1), 0-methyl-4-(4'-0-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl thiocarbamate (2) and 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxyl)-benzyl isothiocyanate (3). The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses which include Infra Red, Ultra Violet, Mass Spectrophotometer, ID and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra as well as by comparison with literature data. Both the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts displayed broad spectrum of activity as they inhibited both the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria tested. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Antibacterial activity; Benzyl isothiocyanate derivative; Moringa; Phenylmethanamine; Seed	4 (alpha rhamnopyranosyloxyl)benzyl isothiocyanic acid; 4 hydroxyphenyl acetic acid; benzyl isothiocyanate derivative; ceftriaxone; ciprofloxacin; methanol; Moringa oleifera extract; o methyl 4 (4' o acetyl alpha rhamnosyloxy)benzyl thiocarbamic acid; phenylmethanamine derivative; plant extract; unclassified drug; Acinetobacter baumannii; antibacterial activity; aqueous solution; article; bacterium isolate; Burkholderia cepacia; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; Escherichia coli; high performance liquid chromatography; human; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella oxytoca; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; minimum inhibitory concentration; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; orthopedics; phytochemistry; plant seed; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Providencia stuartii; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Salmonella gallinarum; Serratia; Serratia rubidae; Streptococcus; ultraviolet radiation; wound; Yersinia enterocolitica; Acinetobacter baumannii; Burkholderia cepacia; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Moringa; Moringa oleifera; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Providencia stuartii; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pullorum; Serratia; Streptococcus sp.; Yersinia enterocolitica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905258580	Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive evaluation of palmitoyl benzamides	Baba H., Usifoh C.O., Igbinaduwa P.O.	2014	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	13	7	10.4314/tjpr.v13i7.17	Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Baba, H., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Usifoh, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Igbinaduwa, P.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: To synthesize and characterize palmitoyl amino benzamides, and to evaluate them for possible anti-inflammatory and anti -nociceptive activities. Methods: Palmitoyl amino benzamides were synthesized by the opening of isatoic anhydride ring with respective amino acids (glycine, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid) and the condensation of the product with palmitoyl chloride. The final products were purified on column chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate. All the compounds were unequivocally characterized using the combination of infra red (IR), 1H and 13C (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis. In vivo anti -inflammatory and anti -nociceptive activities of the synthesized compounds at 20, 50 and 100mg/kg doses were carried out using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, respectively. Aspirin was used at a dose of 100mg/kg as the reference drug. Results: The compounds were obtained in high yield (70 - 90 %) and purity. The anti -inflammatory results showed a poor activity for the compounds except o-palmitoylamino N-carboxyethyl benzamide which produced significant inhibition (p < 0.05) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (43.8 % oedema inhibition) while the reference drug, aspirin, showed 51.3 % inhibition. The anti -nociceptive study, however, showed good inhibition (p < 0.05) of acetic acid-induced writhing, with o-palmitoylamino Ncarboxymethylbenzamide producing 86.2 % inhibition at 100 mg/kg dose compared with the reference drug (aspirin) which gave 74.3 % inhibition at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the synthesized compounds, though displaying poor anti-inflammatory activity, do possess promising anti-nociceptive activity. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Aspirin; Benzamide; Glycine; Palmitoyl; β-Alanine; γ-Aminobutyric acid	4 aminobutyric acid; acetylsalicylic acid; benzamide derivative; beta alanine; glycine; o palmitoylamino N carboxyethylbenzamide; o palmitoylamino N carboxymethylbenzamide; o palmitoylamino N carboxypropylbenzamide; palmitoyl amino benzamide; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; article; column chromatography; drug dose increase; drug purification; drug synthesis; female; infrared spectroscopy; male; mass spectrometry; mouse; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; paw edema; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881028983	Design of an anti-inflammatory composite nanosystem and evaluation of its potential for ocular drug delivery	Du Toit L.C., Govender T., Carmichael T., Kumar P., Choonara Y.E., Pillay V.	2013	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	102	8	10.1002/jps.23650	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4041, South Africa; Ophthalmology Division, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Govender, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4041, South Africa; Carmichael, T., Ophthalmology Division, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	This study compared two specific embodiments of an ocular nanosystem (NS): one portraying a purely polymeric system, referred to as the chitosan-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosystem, and the other based on a composite lipoidal-polymeric NS architecture utilizing phospholipids-the lipoidal-chitosan-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosystem. Investigations undertaken were implicit to warrant inclusion in an implantable system for the intelligent treatment of inflammatory disorders (specifically ocular afflictions). Results obtained highlighted the enhanced efficacy of both NS to an indomethacin suspension in terms of tissue permeation, cell uptake, and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the size (134.3 vs. 140.7 nm); surface charge (+49.4 vs. +55.7 mV); drug incorporation efficiency (75.00% vs. 67.20%); flux across the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-sclera (0.002951 vs. 0.001255 mg cm -2 h-1); anti-inflammatory efficacy, demonstrated by a decrease in 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole complex formation (0.0031 vs. 0.0023 mmol L-1) and decrease in NFκB formation (decrease in relative optical density of 0.2027 vs. 0.2420); and enhanced inflammatory cell uptake, visualized via high-speed fluorescence and confocal microscopy, all highlighted the enhanced potential of the lipoidal system compared with the purely polymeric NS for potentially targeting inflammatory disorders of the posterior segment of the eye. Mechanics energy relationships revealed the favorable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the composite NS compared with the purely polymeric NS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Cell uptake; Computational modeling; Confocal microscopy; ELISA; Lipids; Liposomes; permeation; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Ophthalmic drug delivery	4 chloro 7 nitrobenzofurazan; chitosan; ganciclovir; I kappa B; indometacin; liposome; nanoparticle; nifuroxime; phospholipid; polycaprolactone; polymer; antiinflammatory activity; article; choroid; confocal microscopy; drug delivery system; drug efficacy; drug uptake; energy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescence; human; human cell; hydrophilicity; inflammation; lipophilicity; nanotechnology; optical density; permeability; pigment epithelium; sclera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955274098	Evaluation of flavonoids from Dorstenia barteri for their antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and anti-reverse transcriptase activities	Kuete V., Ngameni B., Mbaveng A.T., Ngadjui B., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2010	Acta Tropica	116	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.005	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Ngameni, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Ngadjui, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and reverse transcriptase activities of five flavonoids: isobachalcone (IBC); kanzanol C (KAN); 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (4-LCP); stipulin (SPL) and amentoflavone (AMF) from Dortenia barteri, together with the crude extract from this plant. The Agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution, microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), radiometric respiratory technique using BACTEC 460 system and the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assay showed that the crude extract and compounds were able to prevent the growth of Mycobacteria with MIC<10μg/ml being recorded with IBC on M. tuberculosis. Results of the killing rate experiment revealed that total inhibition effect on M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was noted with IBC and SPL at day 9 when tested at 4× MIC. The results of the antigonorrheal assay indicated that MIC values below 10μg/ml were also recorded with IBC on all the tested N. gonorrhoeae strains, meanwhile good activities (MIC<10μg/ml) were also noted with the extract, KAN, 4-LCP and SPL on some of these strains. The anti-reverse transcriptase activities of extract and compounds also demonstrated that all samples were able to inhibit at various extents the reverse transcriptase activity, with IBC and 4-LCP showing the best effects. The overall results of this work provided evidence that the crude extract as well as some flavonoids from D. barteri could be potential sources of new antimicrobial drug against tuberculosis (TB), gonorrhea and probably the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-reverse transcriptase; Antigonorrheal; Antimycobacterial; Dortenia barteri; Flavonoids	4 hydroxylonchocarpin; amentoflavone; Dorstenia barteri extract; flavonoid; isobachalcone; kanzanol C; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase; stipulin; unclassified drug; bacterium; metabolite; pathogen; plant; tuberculosis; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial growth; bactericidal activity; broth dilution; controlled study; disk diffusion; Dorstenia barteri; drug structure; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; gonorrhea; growth inhibition; Human immunodeficiency virus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraceae; Mycobacterium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; radiometry; tuberculosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Flavonoids; Gonorrhea; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraceae; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Oxazines; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Tuberculosis; Xanthenes; Corynebacterineae; Dorstenia barteri; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897865091	The impact of microbial ecology and chemical profile on the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process: A case study of northern wastewater treatment works, Johannesburg	Kamika I., Coetzee M., Mamba B.B., Msagati T., Momba M.N.B.	2014	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	11	3	10.3390/ijerph110302876	Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	Kamika, I., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Coetzee, M., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Msagati, T., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Momba, M.N.B., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The impact of polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) and glycogen-accumulating organism (GAO) populations as well as of the chemical profile on the performance of Unit-3 (open elutriation tanks) and Unit-5 (covered elutriation tank) of the City of Johannesburg Northern Wastewater Treatment Works was determined. Physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples were measured using standard methods. Bacterial diversity was determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing of the variable region V1-3. Results showed soluble COD concentrations from settled sewage for Unit-3 at 192.8 mg COD/L and for Unit-5 at 214.6 mg COD/L, which increased to 301.8 mg COD/L and 411.6 mg COD/L in the overflow from elutriation tanks and decreased to 170.9 mg COD/L and 256.3 mg COD/L at the division boxes, respectively. Both long-chain volatile fatty acids (heptanoic acid, isobutyric acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, pentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid, methylheptanoic acid) and short-chain volatile fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid) were present within concentration ranges of 17.19 mg/L to 54.98 mg/L and 13.64 mg/L to 87.6 mg/L for Unit 3 and 38.61 mg/L to58.85 mg/L and 21.63 mg/L to 92.39 mg/L for Unit 5, respectively. In the secondary settling tanks, the phosphate-removal efficiency in Unit-5 appeared to be slightly higher (0.08 mg P/L) compared to that of Unit-3 (0.11 mg P/L). The average DO concentrations (2.1 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L) as well as the pH values (pH 7 to pH 7.5) were found to be slightly higher in Unit-5 in the aerobic zones. The high presence of PAOs in the bioreactors (Unit-5: Dechloromonas (14.96%), Acinetobacter (6.3%), Zoogloea (4.72%) in the anaerobic zone and Dechloromonas (22.37 %) in the aerobic zone; Unit-3: Dechloromonas (37.25%) in the anaerobic zone and Dechloromonas (23.97%) in the aerobic zone) confirmed the phosphate-removal efficiencies of both units. Negligible GAOs were found in the aerobic zones (Defluviicoccus spp.: 0.33% for Unit-5 and 0.68% for Unit-3) and in the anaerobic zones (Defluviicoccus: 9.8% for Unit-3). The high microbial diversity and a negligible percentage of GAOs in Unit-5 could contribute to its high phosphate-removal efficiency, although results did not indicate statistically significant differences between the unit with a covered elutriation tank (Unit-5) and that with open elutriation tanks (Unit-3). © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	EBPR; Glycogen-accumulating organisms; Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms; Volatile fatty acids; Wastewater	4 methylpentanoic acid; acetic acid; fatty acid; glycogen; heptanoic acid derivative; isobutyric acid; isovaleric acid; methylheptanoic acid; polyphosphate; propionic acid; RNA 16S; unclassified drug; valeric acid; phosphorus; sewage; chemical oxygen demand; concentration (composition); fatty acid; microbial ecology; phosphate; phosphorus; physicochemical property; waste treatment; wastewater; water treatment; 16S RNA gene; Acinetobacter; Africa; article; case study; concentration (parameters); Dechloromonas; Defluviicoccus; enhanced biological phosphorus removal process; gene; glycogen accumulating organism; microbial diversity; microbiological parameters; nonhuman; pH; physical chemistry; polyphosphate accumulating organism; Proteobacteria; pyrosequencing; tank; waste water management; Zoogloea; chemistry; isolation and purification; metabolism; microbial consortium; microbiology; sewage; South Africa; waste management; Gauteng; Johannesburg; South Africa; Microbial Consortia; Phosphorus; Polyphosphates; Sewage; South Africa; Waste Management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847627864	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in Burkina Faso: Impact on plasma fasting homocysteine and after methionine loading test	Angius A., Simpore J., Persico I., Sassu A., Prodi D.A., Musumeci S.	2007	Clinical Laboratory	53	42371	None	Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy; Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa	Angius, A., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Simpore, J., Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Persico, I., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Sassu, A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Prodi, D.A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Musumeci, S., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy	In Burkina Faso the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are lower and the methionine loading tests suggest a more effective Hcy metabolism. The polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) showed a relevant difference in the allele frequencies of T MTHFR-677 in young and in old subjects, while the allele frequency of C MTHFR-1298 was comparable in young and old subjects. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of the MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma fasting Hcy and after methionine loading in Burkina Faso. The young subjects with CC MTHFR-677 genotype had levels of Hey significantly lower than CT and TT subjects. The level of Hcy in subjects who had AA, AC and CC MTHFR-1298 genotypes were comparable. The levels of Hcy after the methionine loading test were significantly higher in CT and TT MTHFR-677 genotype. These results suggest that the genetic situation in Burkina Faso is different from that of other Western countries and this guarantees the maintenance of lower plasma levels of Hcy in young and old Africans. The elevated levels of plasma Hcy in old subjects compared to young subjects, against the IoNN prevalence of the T allele in elderly subjects, is discussed.	A298C; Burkina Faso; C677T; Homocysteine; Methionine loading test; MTHFR	5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2); homocysteine; methionine; adult; age distribution; aged; amino acid metabolism; article; Burkina Faso; controlled study; diet restriction; female; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; human; loading test; male; Negro; population genetics; prevalence; protein blood level; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Burkina Faso; Fasting; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904751635	Evaluation of drug interaction potential of Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) and its constituents	Manda V.K., Dale O.R., Awortwe C., Ali Z., Khan I.A., Walker L.A., Khan S.I.	2014	Frontiers in Pharmacology	42556	None	10.3389/fphar.2014.00178	National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Manda, V.K., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Dale, O.R., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Awortwe, C., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Ali, Z., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Khan, I.A., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Walker, L.A., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Khan, S.I., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States	Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) is a popular herb in Malaysia that has been traditionally used in a number of women's health applications such as to improve libido, relieve postmenopausal symptoms, and to facilitate or hasten delivery in childbirth. In addition, the constituents of this plant have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical studies have indicated that cytochrome P450s (CYPs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and Pregnane X receptor (PXR) are the three main modulators of drug-drug interactions which alter the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs. Given the widespread use of Kacip Fatimah in dietary supplements, the current study focuses on determining the potential of its constituents to affect the activities of CYPs, P-gp, or PXR using in vitro assays which may provide useful information towards the risk of herb-drug interaction with concomitantly used drugs. Six compounds isolated from the roots of Labisia pumila (2 saponins and 4 alkyl phenols) were tested, in addition to the methanolic extract. The extract of Labisia pumila showed a significant time dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4, reversible inhibition of CYP2C9 and 2C19 and a weak inhibition of 1A2 and 2D6 as well as an inhibition of P-gp and rifampicininduced PXR activation. The alkyl phenols inhibited CYP3A4 (TDI), CYP2C9 and 2C19 (reversible) while saponins inhibited P-gp and PXR. In conclusion, Labisia pumila and its constituents showed significant modulation of all three regulatory proteins (CYPs, P-gp and PXR) suggesting a potential to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of conventional drugs if used concomitantly. © 2014 Manda, Dale, Awortwe, Ali, Khan, Walker and Khan.	CYP450 enzymes; Herb-drug interactions; Labisia pumila; Myrsinaceae; P-gp; Pxr	5 (10pentadecenyl)resorcinol; alkylphenol derivative; ardisimamilloside H; belamcandol B; cyclosporin A; cytochrome P450 1A2; cytochrome P450 2C19; cytochrome P450 2C9; cytochrome P450 2D6; cytochrome P450 3A4; demethylbelamcandaquinone B; fatimahol; ketoconazole; Labisia pumila extract; methanol; multidrug resistance protein; phenol derivative; plant extract; pregnane X receptor; primulanin; rifampicin; saponin derivative; tranylcypromine; troleandomycin; unclassified drug; verapamil; animal cell; article; biochemical composition; controlled study; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; herb; herb drug interaction; human; human cell; in vitro study; intestine absorption; Labisia pumila; nonhuman; plant root	U01-FD004246-01, FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887852698	Dyeing performance of aqueous extract and flavanone glycosides from the flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze	Semwal R.B., Semwal D.K., Badoni P.P., Kapoor P.	2014	Records of Natural Products	8	1	None	Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria-0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, Pauri Campus 646001, Uttarakhand, India	Semwal, R.B., Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria-0001, South Africa; Semwal, D.K., Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria-0001, South Africa; Badoni, P.P., Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, Pauri Campus 646001, Uttarakhand, India; Kapoor, P., Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India	Aqueous extract and two flavanone glycosides named 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy flavanone-5-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l-→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 5,5'-dihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone-5,5'-di-0-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) obtained from the flowers of Butea monosperma were studied for evaluate their dyeing properties on cotton fibers. The stem bark of Myrica esculenta was used as natural mordant whereas SnCl2 and FeCl3 as synthetic mordants. The combination of dye with mordants showed interesting shades with excellent washing and light fastness properties. © 2014 ACG Publications. All rights reserved.	Butea monosperma; Flavanone glycosides; Light fastness; Myrica esculenta; Natural dyes	5,5' dihydroxy 4',7 dimethoxyflavanone 5,5' di o beta dextro glucopyranoside; 5,7 dihydroxy 4' methoxyflavanone 5 beta dextro glucopyranosy (1-2) beta dextro glucopyranoside; dye; flavanone; natural product; unclassified drug; absorption; article; bark; Butea monosperma; chemical analysis; chemical structure; cotton; flower; hydrolysis; methanolysis; plant stem; temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923339760	Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters") by high performance counter-current chromatography	Adhami H.-R., Viljoen A.M.	2015	Phytochemistry Letters	11	None	10.1016/j.phytol.2014.07.001	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Adhami, H.-R., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Viljoen, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	One of the most crucial factors determining the safety and efficacy of any herbal medicine or natural product-based formulation is the quality of the raw material. The absence of readily available bio-markers (standards) is one of the hurdles which need to be overcome to develop robust and effective quality control protocols. Aloe ferox Mill. is a most coveted ethnomedicinally import plant indigenous to South Africa. A. ferox has been used since ancient times in folk medicine and recently it has gained popularity as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations and food supplements. This study aimed to develop a superior method for the isolation of bio-markers from "aloe bitters" (exudate) obtained from A. ferox. For separation by HPCCC the solvent system comprising of EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O (3.5:1.5:5, v/v/v) was used in reversed phase mode. By this method, and only in one run, eight bio-markers were separated and isolated on semi-preparative scale including aloesin, aloeresin C, aloeresin A, 5-hydroxyaloin, aloin B, aloinoside B, aloin A and aloinoside A. The isolation of bio-active molecules from A. ferox (Cape aloes) is presented to illustrate the efficiency and advantages of high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC). © 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aloe ferox; Aloeresin A; Aloesin; Aloin A and B; chromatography; High performance counter-current	5 hydroxyaloin; aloeresin a; aloeresin c; aloesin; aloin; aloinoside a; aloinoside b; biological marker; biological product; herbaceous agent; solvent; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Article; biological activity; counter current chromatography; drug isolation; herbal medicine; high performance counter current chromatography; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant exudate; plant leaf; priority journal; reproducibility; solvent extraction; South Africa; Aloe; Aloe ferox	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876719611	Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of aziridine-(iso)quinoline hybrids and their ring-opening products	Vandekerckhove S., De Moor S., Segers D., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Chibale K., De Kimpe N., D'Hooghe M.	2013	MedChemComm	4	4	10.1039/c3md20377h	Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Medical School, University of Cape Town K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Vandekerckhove, S., Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; De Moor, S., Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Segers, D., Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; De Kock, C., Medical School, University of Cape Town K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Medical School, University of Cape Town K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; De Kimpe, N., Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Hooghe, M., Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Aziridine-(iso)quinoline hybrid systems were prepared as novel synthetic intermediates en route to functionalized (iso)quinolines with potential antimalarial activity. Various quinolinecarboxaldehydes were converted into quinoline-aziridine-pyrazole, -pyridazinone or -pyrimidinone hybrids, and the three-membered azaheterocyclic moiety in these compounds was finally subjected to ring opening by either methanol or water to provide the corresponding functionalized quinolines. In addition, 5-hydroxyisoquinoline was used for the preparation of isoquinoline-aziridine chimeras, which were further transformed into a variety of functionalized isoquinolines via regioselective aziridine ring opening by various nucleophiles. Antiplasmodial evaluation of these new aziridine-(iso)quinoline hybrids and their ring-opening products revealed micromolar potency (0.22-30 μM) for all representatives against a chloroquine-sensitive strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The six most potent compounds also showed micromolar activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum with IC<inf>50</inf>-values ranging between 1.02 and 17.58 μM. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	5 hydroxyisoquinoline; antimalarial agent; aziridine(iso)quinoline derivative; chloroquine; methanol; quinoline derivative; unclassified drug; water; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; drug potency; drug resistance; drug synthesis; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941642623	Evaluation of predictive CYP2C19 genotyping assays relative to measured phenotype in a South African cohort	Dodgen T.M., Drögemöller B.I., Wright G.E.B., Warnich L., Steffens F.E., Cromarty A.D., Alessandrini M., Pepper M.S.	2015	Pharmacogenomics	16	12	10.2217/pgs.15.80	Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland	Dodgen, T.M., Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Drögemöller, B.I., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wright, G.E.B., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Warnich, L., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Steffens, F.E., Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Cromarty, A.D., Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Alessandrini, M., Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Pepper, M.S., Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland	Aim: To align predicted and measured CYP2C19 phenotype in a South African cohort. Materials & methods: Genotyping of CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗9, ∗15, ∗17, ∗27 and ∗28 was performed using PCR-RFLP, and an activity score (AS) system was used to predict phenotype. True phenotype was measured using plasma concentrations of omeprazole and its metabolite 5′-hydroxyomperazole. Results: Partial genotype-phenotype discrepancies were reported, and an adapted AS system was developed, which showed a marked improvement in phenotype prediction. Results highlight the need for a more comprehensive CYP2C19 genotyping approach to improve prediction of omeprazole metabolism. Conclusion: Evidence for the utility of a CYP2C19 AS system is provided, for which the accuracy can be further improved by means of comprehensive genotyping and substrate-specific modification. © 2015 Future Medicine Ltd.	activity score system; CYP2C19; genotype-phenotype correlation; omeprazole; South Africa	5' hydroxyomperazole; cytochrome P450 2C19; drug metabolite; omeprazole; unclassified drug; adult; Article; cohort analysis; controlled study; CYP2C19 gene; drug blood level; drug metabolism; female; gene frequency; genotype phenotype correlation; genotyping technique; human; male; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; prediction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; South African	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878098841	Preliminary structure - Activity relationships and biological evaluation of novel antitubercular indolecarboxamide derivatives against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains	Onajole O.K., Pieroni M., Tipparaju S.K., Lun S., Stec J., Chen G., Gunosewoyo H., Guo H., Ammerman N.C., Bishai W.R., Kozikowski A.P.	2013	Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	56	10	10.1021/jm4003878	Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1044, United States; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, United States; Dipartimento Farmaceutico, University of Parma, Via G. P. Usberti 27/a, Parma 43121, Italy; Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02139-1670, United States; College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, 9501 South King Drive, Chicago, IL 60628-1598, United States	Onajole, O.K., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Pieroni, M., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Dipartimento Farmaceutico, University of Parma, Via G. P. Usberti 27/a, Parma 43121, Italy; Tipparaju, S.K., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02139-1670, United States; Lun, S., Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1044, United States; Stec, J., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, 9501 South King Drive, Chicago, IL 60628-1598, United States; Chen, G., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Gunosewoyo, H., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Guo, H., Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1044, United States; Ammerman, N.C., Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1044, United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Bishai, W.R., Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1044, United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, United States; Kozikowski, A.P., Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States	Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with approximately one-third of the world's population infected with latent TB. This is further aggravated by HIV coinfection and the emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR, respectively) TB; hence the quest for highly effective antitubercular drugs with novel modes of action is imperative. We report herein the discovery of an indole-2-carboxamide analogue, 3, as a highly potent antitubercular agent, and the subsequent chemical modifications aimed at establishing a preliminary body of structure-activity relationships (SARs). These efforts led to the identification of three molecules (12-14) possessing an exceptional activity in the low nanomolar range against actively replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than those of the most prominent antitubercular agents currently in use. These compounds were also devoid of apparent toxicity to Vero cells. Importantly, compound 12 was found to be active against the tested XDR-TB strains and orally active in the serum inhibition titration assay. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	None	6,7 dihydro 2 nitro 6 (4 trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy) 5h imidazo[2,1 b][1,3]oxazine; bedaquiline; indole 2 carboxamide; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; animal cell; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial strain; chemical modification; controlled study; drug sensitivity; minimum inhibitory concentration; multidrug resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; structure activity relation; Vero cell; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Cell Survival; Cercopithecus aethiops; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Design; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Indoles; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Serum Bactericidal Test; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vero Cells	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896776369	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of aminoacridines and artemisinin-acridine hybrids	Joubert J.P., Smit F.J., Du Plessis L., Smith P.J., N'da D.D.	2014	European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	56	1	10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.014	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa	Joubert, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Smit, F.J., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Du Plessis, L., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; N'da, D.D., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	During this study, 9-aminoacridine and artemisinin-acridine hybrid compounds were synthesized and the in vitro for antimalarial activity against both the chloroquine sensitive but also gametocytocidal strain (NF54), and chloroquine resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. In vitro cytotoxicity against CHO cells, apoptosis of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y as well as anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines were assessed. The hybrids were synthesized, using a microwave-assisted radiation method by covalently linking artemisinin and acridine pharmacophores by means of a liable, aminoethyl ether linker. The synthesized compounds were found active against both the Plasmodium strains and displayed superior selective toxicity towards the parasitic cells. Hybrid 7, however, containing ethylenediamine linker, proved the most active of all of the synthesized compounds. It had seven-fold higher antigametocytocidal activity compared to chloroquine and was also found to be seven-fold more potent than chloroquine against the Dd2 strain, with highly selective action towards the parasitic cells. This hybrid also showed favourable anti-cancer activity against the HeLa cells, three- and eight-fold higher than those of chloroquine and melphalan, respectively. This hybrid may therefore stand as drug candidate for further investigation in the search for new and effective drugs against malaria and cervical cancer. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acridine; Apoptosis; Artemisinin; Cytotoxicity; Hybrids; Malaria	6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (2 methylpiperazin 1 yl)acridine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (3 methylpiperazin 1 yl)acridine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (piperazin 1 yl)acridine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (piperazin 1 yl)acridine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; 6 chloro 2 methoxy n [2 (piperazin 1 yl)ethyl]acridin 9 amine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy n [2 (piperazin 1 yl)ethyl]acridin 9 amine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; [3 [(6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 yl)amino]propyl](methyl) amine; [3 [(6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 yl)amino]propyl](methyl) amine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; [n (2 aminoethyl) 6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 amine] 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; acridine derivative; aminoacridine derivative; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin derivative; chloroquine; ether; ethylenediamine; melphalan; n (2 aminoethyl) 6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 amine; unclassified drug; acridine derivative; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin; artemisinin derivative; animal cell; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; CHO cell; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; HeLa cell; human; human cell; hybrid; in vitro study; microwave radiation; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; pharmacophore; phase transition; physical chemistry; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; X ray analysis; animal; cell survival; chemistry; CHO cell line; Cricetulus; drug effects; synthesis; tumor cell line; Acridines; Animals; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Artemisinins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Humans; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855838599	Evaluation of gyrase B as a drug target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Chopra S., Matsuyama K., Tran T., Malerich J.P., Wan B., Franzblau S.G., Lun S., Guo H., Maiga M.C., Bishai W.R., Madrid P.B.	2012	Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	67	2	10.1093/jac/dkr449	Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Suite Z310 Doris Duke Building, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, United States	Chopra, S., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Matsuyama, K., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Tran, T., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Malerich, J.P., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Wan, B., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States; Franzblau, S.G., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States; Lun, S., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; Guo, H., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; Maiga, M.C., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; Bishai, W.R., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Suite Z310 Doris Duke Building, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, United States; Madrid, P.B., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States	Objectives: New classes of drugs are needed to treat tuberculosis (TB) in order to combat the emergence of resistance to existing agents and shorten the duration of therapy. Targeting DNA gyrase is a clinically validated therapeutic approach using fluoroquinolone antibiotics to target the gyrase subunit A (GyrA) of the heterotetramer. Increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones has driven interest in targeting the gyrase subunit B (GyrB), which has not been targeted for TB. The biological activities of two potent small-molecule inhibitors of GyrB have been characterized to validate its targeting as a therapeutic strategy for treating TB. Materials and methods: Novobiocin and aminobenzimidazole 1 (AB-1) were tested for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv and other mycobacteria. AB-1 and novobiocin were also evaluated for their interaction with rifampicin and isoniazid as well as their potential for cytotoxicity. Finally, AB-1 was tested for in vivo efficacy in a murine model of TB. Results: Novobiocin and AB-1 have both been shown to be active against Mtb with MIC values of 4 and 1 mg/L, respectively. Only AB-1 exhibited time-dependent bactericidal activity against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant mycobacteria, including a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain. AB-1 had potent activity in the low oxygen recovery assay model for non-replicating persistent Mtb. Additionally, AB-1 has no interaction with isoniazid and rifampicin, and has no cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones. In a murine model of TB, AB-1 significantly reduced lung cfu counts in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Aminobenzimidazole inhibitors of GyrB exhibit many of the characteristics required for their consideration as a potential front-line antimycobacterial therapeutic. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.	Benzimidazole; Ciprofloxacin; Drug resistance; Non-replicating bacteria; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria; Novobiocin; Topoisomerase	ab 1; benzimidavir; DNA topoisomerase (ATP hydrolysing) B; isoniazid; novobiocin; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; rifampicin; unclassified drug; animal model; antibiotic sensitivity; antimicrobial activity; article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; cross resistance; drug activity; drug cytotoxicity; drug efficacy; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug screening; drug targeting; female; in vivo study; minimum inhibitory concentration; mouse; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; sham procedure; tuberculosis; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Benzimidazoles; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Gyrase; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Novobiocin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880620087	Poor early virologic performance and durability of abacavir-based first-line regimens for HIV-infected children	Technau K.-G., Lazarus E., Kuhn L., Abrams E.J., Sorour G., Strehlau R., Reubenson G., Davies M.-A., Coovadia A.	2013	Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal	32	8	10.1097/INF.0b013e31828c3738	Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Technau, K.-G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Lazarus, E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Kuhn, L., Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Abrams, E.J., Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Sorour, G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Strehlau, R., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Reubenson, G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Davies, M.-A., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Coovadia, A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Concerns about stavudine (d4T) toxicity have led to increased use of abacavir (ABC) in first-line pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens. Field experience with ABC in ART-naïve children is limited. METHODS: Deidentified demographic, clinical and laboratory data on HIV-infected children initiating ART between 2004 and 2011 in a large pediatric HIV treatment program in Johannesburg, South Africa, were used to compare viral suppression at 6 and 12 months by initial treatment regimen, time to suppression (<400 copies/mL) and rebound (>1000 copies/mL after initial suppression). Adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate confounders and calendar effects. RESULTS: Two thousand thirty-six children initiated either d4T/3TC-or ABC/3TC-based first-line regimens in combination with either boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) or efavirenz (EFV). 1634 received d4T regimens (LPV/r n = 672; EFV n = 962) and 402 ABC regimens (LPV/r n = 192; EFV n = 210). At 6 and 12 months on ART, viral suppression rate was poorer in ABC versus d4T groups within both the LPV/r and EFV groups (P < 0.0001 for all points). In ABC groups, time to suppression was significantly slower (log-rank P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0092 for LPV/r-and EFV-based, respectively) and time to rebound after suppression significantly faster (log-rank P = 0.014 and P = 0.0001 for LPV/r-and EFV-based, respectively). Logistic regression confirmed the worse outcomes in the ABC groups even after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: Data from this urban pediatric ART service program show significantly poorer virological performance of ABC compared with d4T-based regimens, a signal that urgently warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.	abacavir; children; first-line antiretroviral therapy; HIV	abacavir; abacavir plus lamivudine; antiretrovirus agent; didanosine; efavirenz; lamivudine plus stavudine; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; ritonavir; zidovudine; article; child; controlled study; demography; drug capsule; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug safety; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory test; major clinical study; male; pediatrics; preschool child; priority journal; South Africa; syrup; tablet formulation; treatment duration; treatment outcome; treatment response; virology; virus load; virus strain; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dideoxynucleosides; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866356252	Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on paediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated left ventricular dysfunction within the Johannesburg teaching hospital complex	Pepeta L., Cilliers A.M.	2012	Cardiology in the Young	22	5	10.1017/S1047951112000078	Paediatrics Department, Dora Nginza Hospital, Walter Sisulu University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Pepeta, L., Paediatrics Department, Dora Nginza Hospital, Walter Sisulu University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Cilliers, A.M., Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objective To analyse the outcome of children with left ventricular dysfunction placed on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Method This study is a retrospective review of records of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive children with left ventricular dysfunction. Demographic data were collected. Left ventricular fractional shortening, CD4 percentage, viral load, and nutritional status were compared before and during antiretroviral therapy. Results We reviewed the records of 34 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive children with left ventricular dysfunction. In all, 18 patients received antiretroviral therapy (group one) and 16 were antiretroviral therapy naive (group two). The median age of group one at initial visit was 94 months, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Of those, 17 children showed improved left ventricular function on treatment, with an increase in fractional shortening (median: 17-33.5%; p less than 0.0001). There was no significant statistical difference between the groups regarding initial fractional shortening. In group one, the CD4 percentage improved (median: 12% to 30.5%; p less than 0.0001), with viral load suppression (median: 24,900 copies per millilitre to less than 25 copies per millilitre; p less than 0.0001). There was weight gain in group one (median z-score: -1.70 to -1.32; p equal to 0.0083). Proper statistical analysis in group two was not possible because of poor follow-up of patients. Conclusion The findings are in keeping with other reports that have shown improvement in left ventricular function in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated cardiomyopathy treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Recovery of myocardial function is associated with improvement in immunological and nutritional statuses. © Copyright 2012 Cambridge University Press.	immunological status; Myocardial function; nutritional status	abacavir; acetylsalicylic acid; antiretrovirus agent; carvedilol; didanosine; digitalis; digoxin; efavirenz; enalapril; furosemide; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; potassium; spironolactone; stavudine; zidovudine; adolescent; article; cardiomyopathy; CD4 lymphocyte percentage; child; child health care; clinical article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; convalescence; demography; disease association; drug effect; drug safety; drug substitution; drug withdrawal; female; follow up; heart contraction; heart failure; heart left ventricle failure; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune status; immunoreactivity; infant; lactic acidosis; male; medical record review; mitochondrial toxicity; nutritional status; outcome assessment; preschool child; school child; sex ratio; teaching hospital; treatment duration; virus load; weight gain; Adolescent; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Incidence; Male; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55749085253	Impact of reverse transcriptase resistance on the efficacy of TMC125 (etravirine) with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in protease inhibitor-naïve, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-experienced patients: Study TMC125-C227	Ruxrungtham K., Pedro R.J., Latiff G.H., Conradie F., Domingo P., Lupo S., Pumpradit W., Vingerhoets J.H., Peeters M., Peeters I., Kakuda T.N., De Smedt G., Woodfall B.	2008	HIV Medicine	9	10	10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00644.x	HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Universidad de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Maxwell Centre, Durban, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto CAICI, Rosario, Argentina; HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Tibotec BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium; Tibotec Inc., Yardley, PA, United States	Ruxrungtham, K., HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Pedro, R.J., Universidad de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Latiff, G.H., Maxwell Centre, Durban, South Africa; Conradie, F., University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Domingo, P., Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Lupo, S., Instituto CAICI, Rosario, Argentina; Pumpradit, W., HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Vingerhoets, J.H., HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Peeters, M., Tibotec BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium; Peeters, I., Tibotec BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium; Kakuda, T.N., Tibotec Inc., Yardley, PA, United States; De Smedt, G., Tibotec BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium; Woodfall, B., Tibotec BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium	Objectives: TMC125-C227, an exploratory phase II, randomized, controlled, open-label trial, compared the efficacy and safety of TMC125 (etravirine) with an investigator-selected protease inhibitor (PI) in nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant, protease inhibitor-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients. Methods: Patients were randomized to TMC125 800 mg twice a day (bid) (phase II formulation; n = 59) or the control PI (n = 57), plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Results: In an unplanned interim analysis, patients receiving TMC125 demonstrated suboptimal virological responses relative to the control PI. Therefore, trial enrolment was stopped prematurely and TMC125 treatment discontinued after a median of 14.3 weeks. In this first-line NNRTI-failure population, baseline NRTI and NNRTI resistance was high and reduced virological responses were observed relative to the control PI. No statistically significant relationship was observed between TMC125 exposure and virological response at week 12. TMC125 was better tolerated than a boosted PI for gastrointestinal-, lipid- and liver-related events. Conclusions: In a PI-naïve population, with baseline NRTI and NNRTI resistance and NRTI recycling, TMC125 was not as effective as first use of a PI. Therefore the use of TMC125 plus NRTIs alone may not be optimal in PI-naïve patients with first-line virological failure on an NNRTI-based regimen. Baseline two-class resistance, rather than pharmacokinetics or other factors, was the most likely reason for suboptimal responses. © 2008 British HIV Association.	Etravirine; HIV; Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; Resistance	abacavir; amprenavir; antiretrovirus agent; atazanavir; didanosine; emtricitabine; etravirine; lamivudine; lopinavir; nelfinavir; proteinase inhibitor; ritonavir; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; tenofovir; zidovudine; adult; angioneurotic edema; area under the curve; article; bilirubin blood level; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; creatinine blood level; diarrhea; drug blood level; drug efficacy; drug eruption; drug induced headache; drug response; drug safety; drug substitution; drug tolerability; drug treatment failure; drug withdrawal; female; gastrointestinal disease; genotype; hepatobiliary disease; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; hyperbilirubinemia; hypercholesterolemia; jaundice; lipid blood level; loose feces; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; nausea; open study; patient compliance; phase 2 clinical trial; phenotype; plasma concentration-time curve; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; side effect; treatment duration; upper respiratory tract infection; virus load; virus mutation; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance, Viral; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyridazines; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; RNA, Viral; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938934617	Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on hematological indices among HIV-1 infected children at Kenyatta National Hospital-Kenya: Retrospective study	Kibaru E.G., Nduati R., Wamalwa D., Kariuki N.	2015	AIDS Research and Therapy	12	1	10.1186/s12981-015-0069-4	Egerton University, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya; University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; University of London, Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, London, United Kingdom; P.O. Box 2275-20100, Nakuru, Kenya	Kibaru, E.G., Egerton University, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya, P.O. Box 2275-20100, Nakuru, Kenya; Nduati, R., University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Wamalwa, D., University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Kariuki, N., University of Nairobi, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya, University of London, Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, London, United Kingdom	Background: HIV infected children experience a range of hematological complications which show marked improvement within 6 months of initiating anti-retroviral therapy. The Objectives of the study was to describe the changes in hematological indices of HIV-1 infected children following 6 months of treatment with first line antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) regimen. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between September and November 2008. During this period medical records of children attending Comprehensive Care Clinic at Kenyatta National hospital were reviewed daily. HIV infected children aged 5-144 months were enrolled if they had received antiretroviral drugs for at least 6 months with available and complete laboratory results. Results: Medical records of 337 children meeting enrollment criteria were included in the study. The median age was 63 months with equal male to female ratio. Following 6 months of HAART, prevalence of anemia (Hemoglobin (Hb) <10 g/dl) declined significantly from 35.9 to 16.6 % a nearly 50 % reduction in the risk of anemia RR = 0.56 [(95 % CI 0.44, 0.70) p < 0.001]. There was significant increase in Hb, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and platelets above the baseline measurements (p < 0.0001) and a significant decline in total white blood cell counts >11,000 cell/mm3 but a none significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC). Pre-HAART, World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 and 4 was associated with a ten-fold increased likelihood of anemia. Chronic malnutrition was associated with anemia but not wasting and immunologic staging of disease. Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities changed significantly within 6 months of antiretroviral therapy with significant increase in hemoglobin level, MCV, MCH and platelet and decrease in WBC and RBC. © 2015 Kibaru et al.	Changes of hematological parameters; Hematological abnormalities; Paediatric HIV infection	abacavir; antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; dapsone; efavirenz; hemoglobin; iron; lamivudine plus zidovudine; nevirapine; stavudine; zidovudine; anemia; Article; child; cohort analysis; disease classification; drug choice; drug safety; erythrocyte count; female; hematologic disease; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; infant; Kenya; laboratory test; leukocyte count; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; medical record review; patient monitoring; priority journal; retrospective study; risk reduction; sex ratio; thrombocyte count; treatment duration; wasting syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954708861	Evaluation of plasma human herpesvirus 8 DNA as a marker of clinical outcomes during antiretroviral therapy for AIDS-related kaposi sarcoma in Zimbabwe	Borok M., Fiorillo S., Gudza I., Putnam B., Ndemera B., White I.E., Gwanzura L., Schooley R.T., Campbell T.B.	2010	Clinical Infectious Diseases	51	3	10.1086/654800	University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; University of California, San Diego, United States	Borok, M., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Fiorillo, S., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Gudza, I., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Putnam, B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Ndemera, B., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; White, I.E., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Gwanzura, L., Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Schooley, R.T., University of California, San Diego, United States; Campbell, T.B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States	Background. The usefulness of plasma human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA as a marker of response to treatment for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) in an African setting is unknown. Methods. We conducted a prospective pilot study at the Parirenyatwa Hospital Kaposi Sarcoma Clinic (Harare, Zimbabwe) to investigate the hypothesis that the clinical response of AIDS-KS is associated with suppression of HHV-8 DNA. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was provided as coformulation of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine. Clinical response was defined as survival to week 96 with either complete or partial resolution of KS disease. Results. Ninety ART-naive participants (62 men and 28 women) aged &gt;18 years who had human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and biopsy-confirmed KS were studied; 82% had stage T1 disease. Fifty participants received adjunctive chemotherapy. The median CD4+ lymphocyte count increased from 124 cells/μL at baseline to 281 cells/μL, the plasma HIV-1 RNA level decreased from 4.69 to &lt;2.60 log10 copies/mL, the plasma HHV-8 DNA level decreased from 660 to &lt;25 copies/mL, and HHV-8 DNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased from 2790 to 37 copies/106 cells (P&lt;.001 for each comparison). There were 14 deaths (16%) and 13 patients (15%) lost to follow-up. The most common cause of death was infection. Clinical response of KS occurred in 17 participants (19%). Pretreatment plasma HHV-8 DNA levels of &lt;660 copies/mL were associated with greater survival (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-7.53; Pp.04) and a better clinical response (odds ratio, 6.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-24.19; Pp.006). Conclusions. AIDS-KS tumor responses after ART initiation were limited. Pretreatment plasma HHV-8 DNA level may be a surrogate for KS disease that is in need of intensive clinical management. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	abacavir; bleomycin; cotrimoxazole; doxorubicin; etoposide; lamivudine; nevirapine; vincristine; virus DNA; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; biological marker; virus DNA; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; aged; anemia; article; bacterial arthritis; cause of death; CD4+ T lymphocyte; clinical trial; cohort analysis; cryptococcal meningitis; drug hypersensitivity; female; follow up; gastrointestinal infection; hepatitis; human; Human herpesvirus 8; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Kaposi sarcoma; lower respiratory tract infection; major clinical study; malaria; male; mortality; neutropenia; nonhuman; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; pilot study; Pneumocystis jiroveci; pneumonia; priority journal; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; soft tissue infection; Stevens Johnson syndrome; stomatitis; survival; treatment duration; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; urinary tract infection; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; blood; complication; drug monitoring; genetics; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human herpesvirus 8; isolation and purification; middle aged; plasma; procedures; Sarcoma, Kaposi; virology; virus load; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; DNA, Viral; Drug Monitoring; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; DNA, Viral; Drug Monitoring; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872845700	Impact of recommendation updates in well-controlled patients on nonrecommended antiretroviral therapies: The swiss HIV cohort study	Boillat-Blanco N., Darling K.E.A., Taffe P., Osih R., Strahm C., Adami M., Elzi L., Daou S., Fehr J., Wandeler G., Cavassini M.	2013	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	62	2	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827b626a	Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Data Coordination Centre for the Swiss HIV Cohort, Lausanne, Switzerland; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, BERN, Switzerland	Boillat-Blanco, N., Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Darling, K.E.A., Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Taffe, P., Data Coordination Centre for the Swiss HIV Cohort, Lausanne, Switzerland; Osih, R., Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Strahm, C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland; Adami, M., Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland; Elzi, L., Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Daou, S., Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Fehr, J., Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wandeler, G., Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, BERN, Switzerland; Cavassini, M., Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland	BACKGROUND: HIV treatment recommendations are updated as clinical trials are published. Whether recommendations drive clinicians to change antiretroviral therapy in well-controlled patients is unexplored. METHODS: We selected patients with undetectable viral loads (VLs) on nonrecommended regimens containing double-boosted protease inhibitors (DBPIs), triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), or didanosine (ddI) plus stavudine (d4T) at publication of the 2006 International AIDS Society recommendations. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics with those of control patients with undetectable VL not on these regimens and examined clinical outcome and reasons for treatment modification. RESULTS: At inclusion, 104 patients were in the DBPI group, 436 in the triple-NRTI group, and 19 in the ddI/d4T group. By 2010, 28 (29%), 204 (52%), and 1 (5%) patient were still on DBPIs, triple-NRTIs, and ddI plus d4T, respectively. 'Physician decision,' excluding toxicity/virological failure, drove 30% of treatment changes. Predictors of recommendation nonobservance included female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1 to 7.26; P = 0.01] for DPBIs, and undetectable VL (aOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.6 to 7.8; P = 0.002) and lack of cardiovascular events (aOR 2.93, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.97; P = 0.02) for triple-NRTIs. All patients on DBPIs with documented diabetes or a cardiovascular event changed treatment. Recommendation observance resulted in lower cholesterol values in the DBPI group (P = 0.06), and more patients having undetectable VL (P = 0.02) in the triple-NRTI group. CONCLUSION: The physician's decision is the main factor driving change from nonrecommended to recommended regimens, whereas virological suppression is associated with not switching. Positive clinical outcomes observed postswitch underline the importance of observing recommendations, even in well-controlled patients. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	double-boosted protease inhibitors; HIV; nonobservance; recommendations; triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors	abacavir; didanosine; lamivudine; proteinase inhibitor; ritonavir; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; tenofovir; zidovudine; adult; article; cardiovascular disease; clinical decision making; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; major clinical study; male; patient compliance; priority journal; sex difference; Switzerland; virus load; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Cholesterol; Diabetes Complications; Didanosine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guideline Adherence; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Physician's Practice Patterns; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stavudine; Switzerland; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859985827	The impact of first year adherence to antiretroviral therapy on long-term clinical and immunological outcomes in the DART trial in Uganda and Zimbabwe	Kiwuwa-Muyingo S., Walker A.S., Oja H., Levin J., Miiro G., Katabira E., Kityo C., Hakim J., Todd J.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	5	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02974.x	School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; College of Health Sciences, University of Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Kiwuwa-Muyingo, S., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland, MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Walker, A.S., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Oja, H., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Levin, J., MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Miiro, G., MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Katabira, E., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kityo, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Hakim, J., College of Health Sciences, University of Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Todd, J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objectives To describe associations between different summaries of adherence in the first year on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the subsequent risk of mortality, to identify patients at high risk because of early adherence behaviour. Methods We previously described an approach where adherence behaviour at successive clinic visits during the first year on ART was seen as a Markov chain (MC), and the individually estimated transition probabilities between 'good', 'poor' and 'non-response' adherence states were used to classify HIV-infected adults in the DART trial into subgroups with similar behaviour. The impact of this classification and classifications based on traditional 'averaged' measures [mean drug possession ratio (DPR) and self-reported adherence] were compared in terms of their impact on longer-term mortality over the 2-5years on ART using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 2960 participants in follow-up after 1year on ART, 29% had never missed pills in the last month and 11% had 100% DPR throughout the first year. The poorest adherers by self-reported measures were more likely to have only none/primary education (P<0.01). Being in the poorest adherence subgroup by MC and DPR was independently associated with increased mortality [HR=1.57 (95% CI 1.02, 2.42); 1.82 (1.32, 2.51) respectively]. Conclusions Classification based on dynamic adherence behaviour is associated with mortality independently of DPR. The classifications could be useful in understanding adherence, targeting focused interventions and improving longer-term adherence to therapy. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adherence; Africa; Antiretroviral therapy; Markov chain; Mortality	abacavir; lamivudine plus zidovudine; nevirapine; tenofovir; antimicrobial activity; health risk; human immunodeficiency virus; immune system; infectivity; Markov chain; mortality; numerical model; risk factor; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; classification; controlled study; drug monitoring; educational status; female; follow up; high risk patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; outcome assessment; patient compliance; questionnaire; self report; treatment refusal; Uganda; Zimbabwe; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Markov Chains; Patient Compliance; Proportional Hazards Models; Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Zimbabwe; Uganda; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888035894	Evaluation of trace element contents in groundwater in Abakaliki metropolis and around the abandoned mine sites in the southern part, Southeastern Nigeria	Okogbue C.O., Ukpai S.N.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	7	10.1007/s12665-013-2401-4	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ukpai, S.N., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in the groundwater of Abakaliki urban and some abandoned mine sites in the Southern part. Sixteen trace elements were analyzed for each of the twenty water samples collected. Laboratory results showed that the concentration of manganese varied from 4.816 to 11.238 ppm, zinc from 0.126 to 1.403 ppm, copper from 0.198 to 0.967 ppm, lead from 0.005 to 0.010 ppm, arsenic from 0.001 to 0.009 ppm, chromium from 0.009 to 0.025 mg/l, cadmium from 0.003 to 0.011 mg/l, mercury from 0.001 to 0.005 mg/l, nickel from 0.008 to 0.032 mg/l, selenium from 0.001 to 0.011 ppm, iodine from 0.013 to 0.050 ppm, uranium from 0.001 to 0.006 ppm, platinum from 0.009 to 0.032 ppm, tin from 0.014 to 0.015 ppm, lithium from 0.009 to 0.024 mg/l, cobalt from 0.015 to 0.036 mg/l, and iron from 0.010 to 0.980 ppm. These results were analyzed statistically and their distribution modeled using a software package. The results were also compared with world standards for potable water. The comparison showed that water samples are contaminated with trace elements and particularly polluted with, Mn, Hg, and Cd with average concentration values of 8.43, 0.002, and 0.005 mg/l, all above the World Health Organization standard limits of 0.005, 0.001 and 0.003 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Ni are above the permissible limits of 0.30, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/l, respectively, in some places. Health hazards like metal poisoning which can result from pollution of this nature cannot be ruled out. Controlling processes such as chemical dissolutions, mechanical weathering and pollution from urban sewage, release the trace elements to the soil system while chemical dilution, otherwise called leaching, streamlines the trace element plumes to the groundwater regime with dispersion processes mixing and spreading the plume. Dispersion trends of the elements show point sources from the southern part, indicating presence of ore deposits, most likely sulfide ores as interpreted from correlation matrix. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki area; Groundwater; Pollution; Trace elements	Abakaliki area; Average concentration; Chemical dissolution; Groundwater regimes; Mechanical weatherings; Southeastern Nigeria; Trace element content; World Health Organization; Abandoned mines; Dispersions; Groundwater; Health hazards; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Nickel; Ore deposits; Pollution; Potable water; Sewage; Trace elements; Urban growth; Zinc; Groundwater pollution; abandoned mine; concentration (composition); dispersion; dissolution; drinking water; groundwater pollution; metropolitan area; ore deposit; plume; point source pollution; poisoning; pollution monitoring; sewage; software; sulfide; trace element; Abakaliki; Ebonyi; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891160427	Performance of pyroclastic rocks from Abakaliki Metropolis (southeastern Nigeria) in road construction projects	Okogbue C.O., Aghamelu O.P.	2013	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	72	04-Mar	10.1007/s10064-013-0489-0	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Aghamelu, O.P., Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	A total of 15 samples from the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock bodies were subjected to petrographic and mechanical analyses to determine the suitability of the rock type as a road aggregate. Results indicate that the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock yield aggregates with marginal performance in road projects. Although the aggregates meet a number of road stone requirements (i.e., ten percent fines and their ability to absorb water), they fail to meet other key road stone requirements. Whilst their aggregate impact values, Los Angeles abrasion values, and flakiness index are generally above the recommended limits, petrographic analyses reveal appreciable amounts of shaley to muddy lithic fragment and volcanic glassy groundmass. These detrimental constituents and marginal laboratory test results would likely translate to long term poor field performance where the pyroclastic aggregate is used for road construction. This study suggests that utilization of the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock as an aggregate, especially for road construction, requires informed caution, particularly when the material is exposed to climatic extremes (high volume of rainfall and high and fluctuating temperature) as is the case in the tropics. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical property; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rock; Road aggregate	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical properties; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rocks; Road construction; Roads and streets; Rocks; Aggregates; aggregate; geotechnical property; petrography; pyroclastic deposit; road construction; rock mechanics; Abakaliki; California; Ebonyi; Los Angeles [California]; Nigeria; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858059504	Predicting how adaptation to climate change could affect ecological conservation: Secondary impacts of shifting agricultural suitability	Bradley B.A., Estes L.D., Hole D.G., Holness S., Oppenheimer M., Turner W.R., Beukes H., Schulze R.E., Tadross M.A., Wilcove D.S.	2012	Diversity and Distributions	18	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00875.x	Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa; Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Bradley, B.A., Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Estes, L.D., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Hole, D.G., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Holness, S., Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa, Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Oppenheimer, M., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Turner, W.R., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Beukes, H., Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Tadross, M.A., Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wilcove, D.S., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Aim: Ecosystems face numerous well-documented threats from climate change. The well-being of people also is threatened by climate change, most prominently by reduced food security. Human adaptation to food scarcity, including shifting agricultural zones, will create new threats for natural ecosystems. We investigated how shifts in crop suitability because of climate change may overlap currently protected areas (PAs) and priority sites for PA expansion in South Africa. Predicting the locations of suitable climate conditions for crop growth will assist conservationists and decision-makers in planning for climate change. Location: South Africa. Methods: We modelled climatic suitability in 2055 for maize and wheat cultivation, two extensively planted, staple crops, and overlaid projected changes with PAs and PA expansion priorities. Results: Changes in winter climate could make an additional 2millionha of land suitable for wheat cultivation, while changes in summer climate could expand maize suitability by up to 3.5millionha. Conversely, 3millionha of lands currently suitable for wheat production are predicted to become climatically unsuitable, along with 13millionha for maize. At least 328 of 834 (39%) PAs are projected to be affected by altered wheat or maize suitability in their buffer zones. Main conclusions: Reduced crop suitability and food scarcity in subsistence areas may lead to the exploitation of PAs for food and fuel. However, if reduced crop suitability leads to agricultural abandonment, this may afford opportunities for ecological restoration. Expanded crop suitability in PA buffer zones could lead to additional isolation of PAs if portions of newly suitable land are converted to agriculture. These results suggest that altered crop suitability will be widespread throughout South Africa, including within and around lands identified as conservation priorities. Assessing how climate change will affect crop suitability near PAs is a first step towards proactively identifying potential conflicts between human adaptation and conservation planning. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adaptation; Climate change; Crop suitability; Indirect impacts; Maize; South Africa; Species distribution modelling; Wheat	abandoned land; adaptive management; buffer zone; climate change; conservation planning; crop production; decision making; environmental restoration; food security; land use change; maize; nature-society relations; prioritization; protected area; shifting cultivation; subsistence agriculture; wheat; South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59049093597	The impact of abandoned pastoral settlements on plant and nutrient succession in an African savanna ecosystem	Muchiru A.N., Western D., Reid R.S.	2009	Journal of Arid Environments	73	3	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.018	African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Muchiru, A.N., African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Western, D., African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya; Reid, R.S., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya, Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	We detail the impact of abandoned traditional settlements (or bomas) on plant and nutrient succession in the Amboseli ecosystem, southern Kenya, over the course of a century. Plant and soil data were sampled on and around abandoned settlements. The term, 'onsite', refers to the area within the perimeter fence, 'offsite' to the area up to 200 m beyond the fence. Herbaceous standing biomass onsite increased in the course of succession to peak at twice offsite levels within two decades. Biomass remained elevated for six decades then dropped to the background levels at the limit of sampling distance. Plant species richness onsite increased rapidly in the course of succession, then stabilized on older bomas. Species composition changed throughout succession, with pioneer herbs and grasses giving way to boma-edge species and woody vegetation later in succession. Soil nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus, were highly elevated on abandoned settlements. The various nutrients declined at different rates during the course of plant succession. Potassium, phosphorus and magnesium levels remained at twice offsite levels for over a century, creating islands of high fertility and high plant biomass in the savanna landscape. We conclude that the perturbation caused by shifting nomadic settlements creates localized nutrient and plant diversity hotspots in savanna ecosystems that remain distinct from the surrounding savanna for decades, possibly centuries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biomass; Nutrient hotspots; Pastoralism; Patch dynamics; Species richness; Wildlife	abandoned land; biomass; pastoralism; patch dynamics; plant; savanna; soil nutrient; species richness; succession; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864850766	Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis	Adelowo O.O., Akinlabi I.A., Fagade O.E.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	7	10.1007/s10661-011-2285-2	Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnol	Adelowo, O.O., Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinlabi, I.A., Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Fagade, O.E., Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on four water sources was investigated using geoelectrical imaging and microbiological analysis. 2D electrical resistivity imaging indicated groundwater contamination by leachate from the abattoir. Electrical resistivity values measured by the traverse run directly on the waste dump and other areas impacted by the waste from the abattoir are generally very low (6.68-16.7 Ωm) in comparison to other positions (135-288 Ωm). The total viable bacteria count of the water samples ranged from 0.49×106 to 2.85×108 cfu/ml and all samples are contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number (MPN)/100 ml ranging from 110 to ≥1,600 MPN/100 ml. Among bacteria isolated from the study site (n=95), resistance to eight antibiotics ranged from 35.8% to 94%. In addition, 85% of Streptococcus agalactiae (n=31) and Staph-ylococci (n=9) showed haemolytic activity while 92% of all isolates showed β-lactamase activity. These results suggest that operations of the abattoir may impact negatively on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and endanger the health of surrounding residents who use water from the wells for domestic purposes. Furthermore, such aquatic ecosystems may serve as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	Abattoir; Antibiotics resistance; Bacteria; Pollution; Water quality	Abattoir; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotics resistance; Aquatic ecosystem; Coliforms; Domestic purpose; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity imaging; Geoelectrical; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater contamination; Lactamases; Leachates; Microbiological analysis; Most probable number; Nigeria; Streptococcus agalactiae; Study sites; Waste dumps; Water samples; Water source; Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Environmental impact assessments; Pollution; Reservoirs (water); Water quality; Bacteria; ampicillin; beta lactamase; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; ground water; ofloxacin; penicillin G; streptomycin; surface water; antibiotic resistance; aquatic ecosystem; electrical resistivity; environmental impact assessment; geoelectric field; groundwater; health risk; human activity; leachate; microbiology; water resource; analytic method; antibiotic sensitivity; aquatic environment; article; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; Burkholderia cepacia; colony forming unit; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; geoelectrical imaging; Klebsiella aerogenes; Klebsiella pneumoniae; microbiological analysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; morphology; Nigeria; nonhuman; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas putida; Rhodococcus equi; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus agalactiae; water analysis; water contamination; water quality; water supply; Abattoirs; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Groundwater; Nigeria; Remote Sensing Technology; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution; Nigeria; Ogbomosho; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960165665	Ultrasound evaluation of abdominal masses in Ethiopian child patients	Kebede A.G., Nigussie Y.	2011	Tropical Doctor	41	3	10.1258/td.2011.100253	College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 1410, Gondar, Ethiopia	Kebede, A.G., College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 1410, Gondar, Ethiopia; Nigussie, Y., College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 1410, Gondar, Ethiopia	The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of abdominal masses and evaluate the value of ultrasound in paediatric abdominal masses. We used a cross-sectional study of abdominal masses in children attending a university teaching hospital. The common abdominal masses were: Wilms' tumour, 12 (14.8%); lym-phoma,11 (13.6%); appendiceal mass/abscess,11 (13.6%); neuroblastoma,7 (8.6%);TB,6 (7.4%); hydronephrosis, 5 (6.2%); abdominal wall abscess,6 (7.4%); hydatidcyst, 4 (4.9%); mesenteric cyst, 3 (3.7%); and intussusceptions, 3 (3.7%). Identification of a purely cystic mass was suggestive of benign lesion (odds ratio [OR] 1/4 1 1 8, P1/4 0.0001) and masses found in the,5 years age group tend to be malignant (OR 1/4 2.77).The most common sites of origin were kidneys, retroperitoneal extra renal and gastrointestinal tract. The overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 88.9%.	None	abdominal abscess; abdominal mass; appendix tumor; article; child; diagnostic accuracy; echinococcosis; echography; ectopic kidney; female; gallbladder; gastrointestinal tract; human; hydronephrosis; hydrops; infant; intussusception; liver abscess; liver cell carcinoma; lymphoma; major clinical study; male; mesentery cyst; multicystic dysplastic kidney; nephroblastoma; neuroblastoma; pancreas cyst; peritoneum; preschool child; rhabdomyosarcoma; school child; splenomegaly; teratoma; university hospital; Abdomen; Abscess; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cysts; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasms; Neuroblastoma; Predictive Value of Tests; Wilms Tumor; Phoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349120879	Underutilization of vaginal hysterectomy and its impact on residency training	Ocheke A.N., Ekwempu C.C., Musa J.	2009	West African Journal of Medicine	28	5	None	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Ocheke, A.N., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ekwempu, C.C., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Musa, J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: The advantages of vaginal hysterectomy over abdominal hysterectomy include lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and reduced cost to the patient. It is, therefore, important to pass the required skill for vaginal hysterectomy unto trainees. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of vaginal hysterectomies done in a residency training institution in Nigeria and its possible impact on the proficiency of future gynaecologists in performing the procedure. METHODS : A chart review was done on all documented cases of hysterectomies for benign gynaecological conditions done in Jos University Teaching Hospital, over a four-year period (January 2002 to December 2005). Case files of patients who had hysterectomy during the study period were retrieved and the relevant information obtained for analysis of frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: A total of 94 hysterectomies for benign gynaecological conditions were done during the study period. Nine (∼10%) vaginal hysterectomies were done. All the vaginal hysterectomies performed were for uterovaginal prolapse by consultants. However, 45 (53%) of the abdominal hysterectomies were performed by consultants and 40 (47%) by residents. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that residents' exposure and training on the act of vaginal hysterectomy is inadequate. This has potential implications on future gynaecologist proficiency to perform this method of surgery that has documented advantages and better outcome for patients.	Abdominal hysterectomy; Hysterectomy; Nigeria; Residency training; Vaginal hysterectomy	abdominal hysterectomy; adult; article; benign tumor; bladder injury; female; fistula; human; intermethod comparison; medical record review; medical student; Nigeria; outcome assessment; patient information; professional competence; residency education; surgical approach; thrombophlebitis; ureter injury; urinary tract infection; uterus prolapse; vaginal hysterectomy; wound infection; Adult; Female; Gynecology; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Hysterectomy; Hysterectomy, Vaginal; Internship and Residency; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Physician's Practice Patterns; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349332484	The impact of launching surgery at the district level in niger	Sani R., Nameoua B., Yahaya A., Hassane I., Adamou R., Hsia R.Y., Hoekman P., Sako A., Habibou A.	2009	World Journal of Surgery	33	10	10.1007/s00268-009-0160-x	Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Regional Hospital of Dosso, Dosso, Niger; District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States	Sani, R., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Nameoua, B., Regional Hospital of Dosso, Dosso, Niger; Yahaya, A., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Hassane, I., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Adamou, R., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Hsia, R.Y., Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Hoekman, P., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Sako, A., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Habibou, A., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa	In 2005, the Ministry of Health in association with the Faculty of Medicine of Niamey decided to launch surgery at the district hospital (DH) level as part of the health strategy for the country. Surgical procedures were provided by general practitioners who received 12 months of training in basic surgery. Whereas the initiative was launched nationwide, we chose randomly to study the region of Dosso during a 1-year time period of January 2007 to December 2007 in the three district hospitals as well as the regional hospital of Dosso. During the course of 1 year, 544 patients received operations in the three DHs, of which 37.9% (n = 206) were emergent and 62.1% (n = 338) were elective. The most common emergent interventions were cesarean sections (70%) and uterine ruptures (7.8%). For elective surgeries, hernia repairs comprised 80.8% of the cases. The mortality rate of emergent surgeries was 7.3 and 0% in the cases of elective surgeries. Of note, there was a large reduction in transfers to the regional hospital: 52% compared to 2006 and 82% compared to 2005. In 66.1% of the transfers, the cases consisted of fractures, and in 10.4% of abdominal trauma and critical thoracic emergencies. Further study of this initiative has highlighted other challenges, including that of human resources, equipment maintenance, provision of consumables, and the need for continued training. Results from this governmental initiative to provide surgery in rural district hospitals by general practitioners are promising and encouraging. In the rural district of Dosso, there have been no deaths from elective surgery, and the number of surgical transfers to the regional hospital has drastically diminished. © 2009 The Author(s).	None	abdominal injury; adult; article; cesarean section; elective surgery; emergency surgery; fracture; general practitioner; government; health program; hernioplasty; hospital; human; major clinical study; mortality; Niger; patient transport; resource allocation; surgery; surgical patient; surgical training; thorax surgery; uterus rupture; Emergencies; Family Practice; Hospitals, District; Humans; Niger; Patient Transfer; Rural Population; Surgical Procedures, Elective; Surgical Procedures, Operative	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881225	Impact of introduction of laparoscopic surgery on management of unresolved intra-abdominal malignancies in a West African hospital	Adisa A.O., Lawal O.O., Adesunkanmi A.-R.K., Adejuyigbe O.	2015	World Journal of Surgery	38	10	10.1007/s00268-014-2618-8	Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adesunkanmi, A.-R.K., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: Intra-abdominal malignancies often pose diagnostic problems to surgeons in resource-challenged centers such as ours due to limitations in modern imaging and other facilities. This prompted the adoption of laparoscopy in our hospital as an adjunctive tool in diagnosing these conditions. Method: Pre- and per-operative data of consecutive cases of clinically unresolved advanced intra-abdominal tumors subjected to laparoscopy from January 2009 through June 2013 were reviewed. Anatomic diagnosis and tissue biopsies were carried out during the procedures. Results: Of the 152 patients seen with intra-abdominal tumors, 74 (48.7 %) had advanced conditions that could not be resolved clinically. Of these, 33 (44.6 %) were able to afford and had computed tomography (CT), scan while the remaining (N = 41; 55.4 %) less endowed only had an ultrasound scan. This cohort underwent laparoscopic evaluation, and biopsies confirmed the following: 27 (36.5 %) metastatic adenocarcinomas, 12 (16.2 %) primary hepatic malignancies, 11 (14.9 %) cases each of lymphomas and colonic adenocarcinomas, 4 (5.4 %) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 3 (4.1 %) pancreatic carcinomas, 2 (2.7 %) cases each of carcinoid tumors and abdominal tuberculosis, and one case each of schistosomiasis and HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Additionally, 26 (35.1 %) had ascites, while 29 (39.1 %) had peritoneal surface malignancies. With local adaptations and improvisations, laparoscopy was cheaper than an abdominal CT scan in our setting, with the additional benefit of obtaining tissue diagnosis to institute treatment. Conclusion: Although laparoscopy is commonly used for staging intra-abdominal tumors, we found it useful in complementing clinical diagnosis and attaining histopathological confirmation in a setting where access to and funding of modern imaging is limited. © 2014 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	Abdominal Neoplasms; adult; adverse effects; aged; cancer staging; carcinoma; computer assisted tomography; developing country; economics; female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; hospital; human; laparoscopy; lymphoma; male; middle aged; Nigeria; pathology; sarcoma; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Developing Countries; Female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Hospitals; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Nigeria; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847074562	Potentially modifiable classic risk factors and their impact on incident myocardial infarction: Results from the EPIC-Potsdam study	Heidemann C., Hoffmann K., Klipstein-Grobusch K., Weikert C., Pischon T., Hense H.-W., Boeing H.	2007	European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation	14	1	10.1097/01.hjr.0000238392.19847.4c	Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur Scheunert Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany	Heidemann, C., Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur Scheunert Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Hoffmann, K., Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Weikert, C., Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Pischon, T., Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany; Hense, H.-W., Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Boeing, H., Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany	BACKGROUND: Prospective data on the importance of established risk factors for myocardial infarction in Germany are sparse. DESIGN: The population-based cohort study European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam with 159 incident cases of myocardial infarction (120 men, 39 women) occurring among 26 954 participants (10 463 men, 16 491 women) during an average follow-up time of 4.6 years. METHODS: We examined the classic, potentially modifiable risk factors smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, and sporting inactivity, both individually and in combination, by estimating their prevalence and their relative and population-attributable risks of incident myocardial infarction. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, alcohol intake, and the respective other classic risk factors the relative risks of myocardial infarction were 3.18 for smoking [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31, 4.38], 1.84 for hypertension (95% CI 1.27, 2.65), 1.81 for sporting inactivity (95% CI 1.04, 3.15), 1.64 for diabetes (95% CI 1.05, 2.56), 1.62 for abdominal obesity (95% CI 1.03, 2.56), and 1.15 for hyperlipidemia (95% CI 0.84, 1.59). Participants with four or all five significant risk factors had an approximately 11.5-fold higher risk of the coronary event than participants with none or one risk factor. Altogether, 84.3% of myocardial infarctions in the study population were attributable to the presence of the five risk factors smoking, hypertension, diabetes, sporting inactivity, and abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION: The majority of myocardial infarctions in the EPIC-Potsdam cohort were explainable by potentially modifiable classic risk factors. Therefore, besides efforts to investigate novel coronary risk factors, the prevention of coronary disease should focus on strategies to reduce the prevalence of established risk factors. © 2007 European Society of Cardiology.	Cohort study; EPIC; Myocardial infarction; Population attributable risk; Risk factors	abdominal obesity; adult; aged; alcohol consumption; article; cigarette smoking; cohort analysis; confidence interval; diabetes mellitus; education; european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition; female; follow up; heart infarction; human; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; major clinical study; male; medical research; priority journal; risk factor; sport; statistical significance; Abdominal Fat; Aged; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Exercise; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Germany; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Smoking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049184766	Evaluation of Alvarado score as an admission criterion in patients with suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis	Tade A.O.	2007	West African Journal of Medicine	26	3	None	Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo, University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria; P.O. Box 1303, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Tade, A.O., Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo, University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria, P.O. Box 1303, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Background: Patients with right iliac fossa pain present a diagnostic challenge to emergency room doctors when equivocal signs are present. Objective: To evaluate Alvarado score as an admission criterion in patients with suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods: This was a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients who presented to the an emergency department with right iliac fossa pain and suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 2004 and December 2004. They were assessed using Alvarado score. Main outcome measures in relation to these scores were, patient's admission, patient's discharge, and whether patient had appendicitis or not. Results: The range of scores was 1-10. Seventy-four patients were admitted while 26 were discharged. Thirty-four patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis had scores ranging from 5-10. No patient with score less than 5 had appendicitis. The sensitivity and negative predictive value reached 100% at scores below five, while specificity and positive predictive value reached 100% at the score of 10. Conclusion: The Alvarado score can be used as an objective criterion in selecting for admission patients with suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patients with scores of 4and below do not require admission since they turn out not to have acute appendicitis.	Admission criterion; Alvarado score; Appendicitis; Diagnosis	abdominal pain; acute appendicitis; adult; Alvarado score; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; correlation analysis; diagnostic accuracy; emergency ward; female; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; practice guideline; prediction; prospective study; scoring system; sensitivity and specificity; symptom; validation study; Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Appendicitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Male; Pelvic Pain; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548740875	Growth performance and pod dry matter yield of some local and an improved variety of okra in Sudan savannah zone Nigeria	Chigbundu I.N., Dialoke S.A., Ajaero J.O., Nwosu F.O., Ibeawuchi I.I.	2007	Journal of Plant Sciences	2	4	None	Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extention,	Chigbundu, I.N., Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Dialoke, S.A., Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ajaero, J.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extention, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Nwosu, F.O., Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, I.I., Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons to study the growth dry yield of some selected local and an improved varieties of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD), replicated four times. The results show that there were significant differences in growth characteristics and yield of the varieties. There were significant yield depression tons ha-1 by 21.8, 21.9. 49.8 and 63.4%, when Kwanab Bokodo was compared with Kwanab Magwandara, Kwanab lende, Kwanab Kwete and lady finger (control), on fresh weight basis. However on dry weight basis, reverse was the case with lady's finger significantly out-weighing (Kwanab Magwandara by 14.50%, Kwanab lende, 25.4%. Kwanab Bokodo, 34.7% and Kwaanab Kwete, 56.9%). There were also significant variations in the length of pods/plant (cm), leave area per plant (cm 2), number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant. This implies that lady's finger with higher pod dry matter yield therefore has higher productivity and contains more nutritional components than others. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Growth and pod dry matter yield; Local and improved varieties of okra; Sudan savannah zone Nigeria	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861986901	Evaluation of aqueous extracts of five plants in the control of flea beetles on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)	Onunkun O.	2012	Journal of Biopesticides	5	SUPPL.	None	Agricultural Science Department, Adeyemi College of Educatio, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Nigeria	Onunkun, O., Agricultural Science Department, Adeyemi College of Educatio, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Nigeria	The emergence of biodegradable pesticides as safe option has reduced the problems that result from the use of synthetic insecticides, thus creating a renewed interest in their development and use in integrated pest management of crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the insecticidal properties of the water extracts of Jatropha curcas, Vernonia amygdalina, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata (L) and Annona squamosa on two species of flea beetles (Podagrica uniforma and P. sjostedti (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), variety NHAE 47-4). The leaves and seeds of the plants used in the experiment were collected from the locality, washed and shade dried. A synthetic insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (karate) was included in the treatments as a standard check alongside the untreated (control). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments and four replicates. The efficacy of the treatments was based on reduction in flea beetles and percentage reduction in population of the pests. The results showed that only three of the plant extracts (Jatropha curcas, Vernonia amygdalina and Annona squamosa) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the population of the two flea beetles at 64%, 55% and 49%, respectively. Though the other two botanicals were not significant in reducing the population of the pests, they were better than the control. All the plant extracts tested were not as effective as the synthetic insecticide in reducing flea beetles population. Among the tested plants, J. curcas, was found to be more effective, hence its use by resource poor farmers is recommended in the protection of okra against the infestation of P. uniforma and P. sjostedti.© JBiopest.	Biodegradable; Botanicals; P. sjostedti; Plant extracts; Podagrica uniforma	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Ageratum conyzoides; Alticini; Annona squamosa; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Jatropha curcas; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas); Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876133239	Evaluation of 15 varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench to field infestation by flea beetles (Podagrica spp.)	Mohammed I.G., Osipitan A.A., Pitan O.R., Atayese M.	2013	African Entomology	21	1	10.4001/003.021.0120	Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, Un	Mohammed, I.G., Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Osipitan, A.A., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Pitan, O.R., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Atayese, M., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study evaluated 15 okra varieties to field infestation by flea beetles, Podagrica spp., in the early and late planting seasons of 2009, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (7°15′N 3°25′E), located in a sub-humid zone. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design, with three replicates. The main plot consisted of spraying regime (sprayed and unsprayed) while the sub-plot consisted of 15 okra varieties: V-35, V2-Oyo, V45-2, NH99/28, NH99/DA NH88/1-8-16-2, Enugu1, Osadep:purple Tall, LD88/1-8-5-2, LD88/1-8-16-2, Ola99/13, Ola3 Local, Olak2005, Short Mouth and Dajofolowo1. Lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed to the appropriate plots weekly. The results showed that in both early and late seasons, sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of flea beetles, lower leaf damage per plant, lower number of holes per leaf, wider stem girth, higher total plant dry biomass, higher number of pods compared with unsprayed okra. The sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) higher shoot dry biomass, higher root dry weight, higher total plant dry biomass, wider pods and higher pod weight in the early planting season compared with the late season. Varieties with leaf pubescence, namely NH99/DA, V-35 and Dajofolowo1, had the lowest flea beetle population, leaf damage per plant and number of holes per leaf compared to glaborous varieties. Likewise, the okra varieties NH99/28, V-35 and Dajofolowo1 which have thorny pods had no pod damage at all in both early and late planting seasons. LD88/1-8-5-2 had the highest number of pods per plant, whereas okra variety Ola99/13 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher pod weight during early planting. There was no significant difference in okra pods weight in all varieties evaluated in the late planting season.	Abelmoschus esculentus; planting season; Podagrica spp.; spraying regime	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Alticini; Coleoptera; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856331518	Effect of spent mushroom compost of Pleurotus pulmonarius on growth performance of four Nigerian vegetables	Jonathan S.G., Lawal M.M., Oyetunji O.J.	2011	Mycobiology	39	3	10.5941/MYCO.2011.39.3.164	Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, UI P.O. Box 21422, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Jonathan, S.G., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, UI P.O. Box 21422, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Lawal, M.M., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, UI P.O. Box 21422, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oyetunji, O.J., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, UI P.O. Box 21422, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus pulmonarius (an edible fungus) was used as soil conditioner for the improvement of growth of four common Nigerian vegetables (Abelmoschus esculentus, Lycopersicum esculentum, Capsicum annum and Capsicum chinense). The results of these investigations showed that the vegetables responded well to the SMC treatment. Each of them attained its best growth and gave the highest number of flowers and fruits when planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemented with 600 g of SMC. The control experiment that has the seedlings of the vegetables planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil only, without the application of SMC, showed stunted and poor growth, with few or no flower and fruit production. A. esculentus was the best utilizer of iron utilizing 118.0 mg/kg in the SMC used. Similarly; this vegetable utilized 1.48 mg/kg of nitrogen in the SMC. The highest height in each vegetable was attained with 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemented with 600 g of SMC. At 9 wk, A. esculentus has the mean height of 85.0 cm while these values significantly increased to 100.00 cm at 14 wk (p ≤ 0.05). At 9 wk, L. esculentum has the highest mean height of 65.00 cm which increased to 71.00 cm after 14 wk. It was also observed that A. esculentus has the highest mean number of fruits (9.00), followed in order by C. chinense (8.00) and L. esculentus (7.00) (p ≤ 0.05) while, C. annum produced the least mean number of fruits (5.00). No fruits production was seen in the control experiments. The results of these findings were discussed in relation to the usage of SMC as possible organic fertilizer for the improvement of growth of vegetables in Nigeria. © The Korean Society of Mycology.	Mushroom compost; Nigeria; Pleurotus pulmonarius; Soil conditioner; Vegetables	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Basidiomycota; Capsicum annuum; Capsicum chinense; Fungi; Lycopersicon esculentum; Pleurotus; Pleurotus pulmonarius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649934111	Evaluation of the uptake and accumulation of metals by some commonly irrigated vegetables in soils treated with different concentrations of these metals	Haliru M., Ajibola V.O., Agbaji E.B.	2009	Journal of Applied Sciences	9	8	10.3923/jas.2009.1573.1577	Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Haliru, M., Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria; Ajibola, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agbaji, E.B., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	The uptake of some trace elements namely, chromium, nickel, cadmium and lead by some vegetables commonly irrigated were studied under glasshouse conditions. Experiments were conducted in plastic pots using some selected vegetables, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and pepper (Capsicum annum) grown on sandy loam soils treated with different concentrations of these metals. The treatments investigated include zero application (control), 10, 50 and 100 μg dm-3 metal applications. In general, each plant showed similar growth responses and tolerance but different metal uptake patterns in the same metal contaminated media for eight weeks. The enrichment factor of each metal in the different parts of the vegetables was highly varied. However, the fruits of pepper were more enriched with these metals than the okra fruits. Despite the concentration of metals used, the plants were still capable of controlling the metal uptake, no matter the concentration of metal solution applied to the soil. © 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Metals; Uptake; Vegetables	Abelmoschus esculentus; Cadmium and leads; Enrichment factors; Glasshouse conditions; Metal solutions; Sandy loam soils; Uptake; Uptake and accumulations; Fruits; Soils; Vegetables; Metals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883422127	Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of fertility and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench	Ashidi J.S., Olaosho E.A., Ayodele A.E.	2013	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy	5	9	10.5897/JPP2013.0282	Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, OlabisiOnabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ashidi, J.S., Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, OlabisiOnabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Olaosho, E.A., Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, OlabisiOnabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayodele, A.E., Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The rise and fall in fertility level remain a serious concern in economic planning nations. In spite of concerted efforts of governmental and non-governmental organization to control birth through campaign and provision of safe sex devices, yet not much success has been recorded. There is dearth of information on plants traditionally used for fertility regulation in literature. In this study an ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of fertility was conducted across Ago-Iwoye and Oru areas of Ijebu-North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. From the survey, 30 plant species which belong to 20 families were found to be used frequently by the indigenes of the areas. Most of the plants encountered (16.7%) belonged to the family Euphorbiaceae. Phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus, the most prominent in the recipes indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins in high concentrations while alkaloids, anthraquinones and cardenolides were absent. Moreover, the roots of A. esculentus showed high concentration of flavonoid compounds such as phenolics and saponins which were present in low concentrations while alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardenolides, cardiac glycosides and tannins were absent. © 2013 Academic Journals.	Ethnobotanical survey; Fertility; Phytochemical evaluation	Abelmoschus esculentus extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; Amaranthaceae; article; Bignoniaceae; Caricaceae; Clusiaceae; Convolvulaceae; Cucurbitaceae; ethnobotany; Euphorbiaceae; fertility; legume; Malvaceae; Melastomataceae; Moraceae; nonhuman; okra; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; plant seed; Poaceae; questionnaire; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Solanaceae; traditional healer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904609209	Evaluation of the strength behaviour of unpaved road material treated with electrochemical-based non-traditional soil stabilisation additives	Moloisane R.J., Visser A.T.	2014	Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering	56	1	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Moloisane, R.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Visser, A.T., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Travel along unpaved roads is not always assured, because of their low standards, poor riding quality, impassability in wet weather, and the danger in the quantity of dust that is generated by moving vehicles and wind. Stabilisation with electrochemical-based non-traditional soil stabilisation additives (chemical additives) may offer a solution to this continual problem. The objective of this paper is to report on the strength behaviour of a typical marginal quality weathered quartz gravel material treated with two electrochemical-based non-traditional soil stabilisation additives, enzyme and sulphonated oil to assess their potential value for unpaved road construction under wet and dry conditions. These treated panels were trafficked under 100 vehicles per day. The evaluation was done by means of laboratory tests and field investigations for three years. The characteristics of the natural material and the binding ability of the non-traditional soil stabilisation additives were established from the laboratory testing. Density and moisture, and the strength development of the treated material were determined from field investigations. These two non-traditional soil stabilisation additives appear to have affected the particles and their water component, hence an increase in densities was achieved. The degree of formation and paste surrounding the particles appeared to have varied with time and differed between the additives. An increase in density in the sulphonated oil additive treated panel occurred three months after construction, and a further increase was again noticed eight months after construction (five months thereafter). Up to eight months after construction, the enzyme additive treated panel showed a significant decrease in density, but showed a slight increase thirty-one months after construction. This increase in densities might probably be because of further densification by traffic. The variations in density were attributed to testing variability. In the in situ and soaked DCP-CBR strength measurements, the sulphonated oil additive treated panel reached its maximum in situ strength at two months after construction, while the enzyme additive treated panel reached its maximum in situ strength at five months after construction. Up to eight months after construction, both treated panels indicated a significant decrease in both the in situ and soaked DCP-CBR strength conditions. The decrease was attributed to rain. There was, however, little evidence to show that the additives had improved the material, with the control panel being consistently stronger in both the in situ and soaked DCP-CBR conditions. The importance of considering the time factor in the strength development of non-traditional stabilisation test techniques, as well as the number of tests, was highlighted in the results of this study. The natural variability of the materials used in this type of study is generally high, and the precision of the test method is typically quite low. On this basis, it is usually difficult to draw definite conclusions.	Bonding; Dry density and moisture content; Electrochemical stabilisation; Strength development; Unpaved road material	Ability testing; Additives; Bituminous materials; Bonding; Chemical bonds; Enzymes; Quartz; Riding qualities; Soil mechanics; Stabilization; Dry density; Field investigation; Laboratory testing; Natural variability; Soil stabilisation; Strength condition; Strength development; Unpaved roads; Strength of materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855175823	Evaluation of the thermochemical properties for tropospheric ozone reactions	Igbafe A.I., Omhenke S.A.	2010	International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa	1	None	10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.1.39	Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Igbafe, A.I., Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Omhenke, S.A., Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The thermochemical properties of varieties of species involved in the formation and consumption or destruction of tropospheric ozone during chemical reactions have been established. Ozone in the troposphere is produced during the day-time; hence it is a photochemically induced transformation process. This compound acts as precursor specie in many atmospheric transformations and constitutes a baseline component worth investigating. This study utilized electronic structure methods of computational model chemistries to evaluate for Gibbs free energies and enthalpies of formation and reactions of the various species. Ten prominent gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions were analysed using five computational approaches consisting of four ab initio methods and one density functional theory (DFT) method. The computed energy values in comparison to those obtained through experimental approaches yielded an error of mean absolute deviation of 0.81%. The most relevant species that tend to enhance the production of ozone in the troposphere were O* and H2O2 for the gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions respectively. Chemical equilibrium analysis indicated that the ozone formation and consumption reactions are more favourable in colder regions and at winter. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	Chemical reaction equilibrium; Thermochemical properties; Tropospheric ozone	Ab initio method; Atmospheric transformation; Chemical equilibriums; Chemical reaction equilibrium; Computational approach; Computational model; Density functional theory methods; Energy value; Enthalpies of formation; Experimental approaches; Gasphase; Mean absolute deviations; Ozone formation; Thermochemical properties; Transformation process; Tropospheric ozone; Chemical reactions; Computational methods; Density functional theory; Electronic structure; Troposphere; Ozone	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938372328	Nocturnal enuresis among Nigerian children and its association with sleep, behavior and school performance	Anyanwu O.U., Ibekwe R.C., Orji M.L.	2015	Indian Pediatrics	52	7	10.1007/s13312-015-0680-4	From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Anyanwu, O.U., From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ibekwe, R.C., University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Orji, M.L., From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Objective: To study the association of nocturnal enuresis with sleep, behavior and school performance. Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study of 216 children (≥6-year-old) using structured questionnaire and behavioral tools. Results: Prevalence of enuresis was 37.0%. Nocturnal enuresis was significantly associated with abnormal behaviour (P=0.049) and poor sleep hygiene (P<0.05). School performance was not associated with enuresis. Conclusion: Children with nocturnal enuresis were at an increased risk of behavioral problems and poor sleep hygiene. © 2015, Indian Academy of Pediatrics.	Association; Bed wetting; Behavioral disorders; Co-morbidity	abnormal behavior; academic achievement; Article; child; child behavior; cross-sectional study; disease association; female; high risk behavior; human; hygiene; major clinical study; male; Nigerian; nocturnal enuresis; prevalence; punishment; sex ratio; sleep; structured questionnaire; wakefulness; Child Behavior Disorders; comorbidity; Nigeria; nocturnal enuresis; physiology; questionnaire; sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; student; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Nocturnal Enuresis; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928615589	Understanding sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents: Evidence from a formative evaluation in Wakiso district, Uganda Adolescent Health	Atuyambe L.M., Kibira S.P.S., Bukenya J., Muhumuza C., Apolot R.R., Mulogo E.	2015	Reproductive Health	12	1	10.1186/s12978-015-0026-7	Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda	Atuyambe, L.M., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kibira, S.P.S., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Bukenya, J., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Muhumuza, C., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Apolot, R.R., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Mulogo, E., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda	Introduction: Adolescents are frequently reluctant to seek sexual and reproductive health services (SRH). In Uganda, adolescent health and development is constrained by translation of the relevant policies to practice. Recent studies done in central Uganda have shown that there is need for a critical assessment of adolescent friendly services (AFS) to gain insights on current practice and inform future interventions. This study aimed to assess the sexual reproductive health needs of the adolescents and explored their attitudes towards current services available. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Wakiso district, central Uganda in September 2013.Twenty focus group discussions (FGDs) stratified by gender (10 out-of-school, and 10 in-school), were purposefully sampled. We used trained research assistants (moderator and note taker) who used a pretested FGD guide translated into the local language to collect data. All discussions were audio taped, and were transcribed verbatim before analysis. Thematic areas on; adolescent health problems, adolescent SRH needs, health seeking behaviour and attitudes towards services, and preferred services were explored. Data was analysed using atlas ti version 7 software. Results: Our results clearly show that adolescents have real SRH issues that need to be addressed. In and out-of-school adolescents had sexuality problems such as unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), defilement, rape, substance abuse. Unique to the females was the issue of sexual advances by older men and adolescents. We further highlight RH needs which would be solved by establishing adolescent friendly clinics with standard recommended characteristics (sexuality information, friendly health providers, a range of good clinical services such as post abortion care etc.). With regard to health seeking behaviour, most adolescents do not take any action at first until disease severity increase. Conclusions: Adolescents in Uganda have multiple sexual and reproductive health needs that require special focus through adolescent friendly services. This calls for resource support in terms of health provider training, information education and communication materials as well as involvement of key stakeholders that include parents, teachers and legislators. © 2015 Atuyambe et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Adolescent; Needs; Reproductive health; Sexual; Uganda	abortion; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adolescent health; adolescent sexual behavior; adult; Article; child; circumcision; condom use; disease severity; female; health care need; health education; help seeking behavior; human; major clinical study; male; qualitative research; rape; reproductive health; sexual education; sexual health; sexuality; sexually transmitted disease; substance abuse; Uganda; unwanted pregnancy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899538845	Conscientious objection and its impact on abortion service provision in South Africa: A qualitative study	Harries J., Cooper D., Strebel A., Colvin C.J.	2014	Reproductive Health	11	1	10.1186/1742-4755-11-16	Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Mellon Mentorship Research Office, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Harries, J., Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Cooper, D., Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Strebel, A., Mellon Mentorship Research Office, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Colvin, C.J., Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Despite abortion being legally available in South Africa after a change in legislation in 1996, barriers to accessing safe abortion services continue to exist. These barriers include provider opposition to abortion often on the grounds of religious or moral beliefs including the unregulated practice of conscientious objection. Few studies have explored how providers in South Africa make sense of, or understand, conscientious objection in terms of refusing to provide abortion care services and the consequent impact on abortion access. Methods. A qualitative approach was used which included 48 in-depth interviews with a purposively selected population of abortion related health service providers, managers and policy influentials in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: The ways in which conscientious objection was interpreted and practiced, and its impact on abortion service provision was explored. In most public sector facilities there was a general lack of understanding concerning the circumstances in which health care providers were entitled to invoke their right to refuse to provide, or assist in abortion services. Providers seemed to have poor understandings of how conscientious objection was to be implemented, but were also constrained in that there were few guidelines or systems in place to guide them in the process. Conclusions: Exploring the ways in which conscientious objection was interpreted and applied by differing levels of health care workers in relation to abortion provision raised multiple and contradictory issues. From providers' accounts it was often difficult to distinguish what constituted confusion with regards to the specifics of how conscientious objection was to be implemented in terms of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, and what was refusal of abortion care based on opposition to abortion in general. In order to disentangle what is resistance to abortion provision in general, and what is conscientious objection on religious or moral grounds, clear guidelines need to be provided including what measures need to be undertaken in order to lodge one's right to conscientious objection. This would facilitate long term contingency plans for overall abortion service provision. © 2014 Harries et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	abortion; adult; aged; article; emergency care; female; health care delivery; health care personnel; health personnel attitude; human; human experiment; legal aspect; male; maternal welfare; normal human; organization and management; practice guideline; qualitative research; refusal to participate; South Africa; thematic analysis; Article; health care policy; health service; treatment refusal; Abortion, Induced; Attitude of Health Personnel; Family Planning Services; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; South Africa	MRC, Medical Research Council; WHO, Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247530793	Ten years hence - Has the South African choice on termination of Pregnant Act, Act 92 of 1996, realised its aims? A moral-critical evaluation	de Roubaix M.	2007	Medicine and Law	26	1	None	Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	de Roubaix, M., Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	The South African Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act 92 of 1996) (CTOP) passed by parliament ten years ago, aims to promote female reproductive autonomy through legitimising free access to abortion up to 20 weeks' of gestation. The article critically evaluates CTOP and highlights three societal concerns: the effect of CTOP on the self-esteem of nurses who perform abortion; the effect on general societal morality, and its desirability. CTOP has enjoyed mixed success. On the plus side, it has furthered female reproductive autonomy, has decreased early pregnancy maternal mortality and has advanced non-racialism through equal access to safe abortion. On the minus side, it remains controversial; the majority of the population opposes abortion on request, predominantly based on religiously-informed intuitions on the value of ante-natal life. Officials and managers of public health care facilities are often obstructive, and TOP personnel victimised and socially stigmatised. An unacceptably high rate of unsafe abortion prevails, particularly in rural areas and amongst adolescents, but also in certain urban areas. The prime causes are inadequate public education, attitudinal problems, and lack of psychological support for TOP personnel, the segregation of ante-natal care and abortion services, inadequate training, research, communication and contraceptive services, absence of incentives for TOP personnel and "traditional" gender roles and male power-based domination in reproductive choices. Corrective measures include a goal directed educational programme and initiatives like value clarification workshops which have been effective in changing negative attitudes of participants, and may thus address stigmatisation, improve working conditions of TOP personnel, promote societal tolerance and acceptance, and informed consent. Of particular concern are the questions of informed consent, minors, promotion of counselling and contraceptive services (particularly for adolescents), conscientious objection and the protection of compliant (and non-compliant) personnel. ©YOZMOT 2007.	Abortion legislation; Adolescents; Birth control; Constitutional concerns; Education; Gender based domination; Minors; Pre-natal moral significance; Reproductive autonomy; Safe unsafe abortion; Self-esteem; Societal Morality; South Africa	abortion; article; birth control; contraception; fetal rights; first trimester pregnancy; gestational age; health care access; health care facility; health education; health promotion; human; illegal abortion; induced abortion; informed consent; maternal mortality; medicolegal aspect; morality; nurse attitude; patient attitude; patient autonomy; pregnancy termination; prenatal care; psychosocial care; public health; racism; religion; reproductive rights; right to life; self esteem; sex role; social desirability; social psychology; South Africa; Abortion, Legal; Female; Humans; Morals; Pregnancy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644510772	Evaluation of the abortifacient properties of chloroform extract of Carica papaya L. seed in female albino rats	Raji Y., Morakinyo A.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Oloyo A.K., Esegbue-Peters P.R.C., Kunle-Alabi O.T.	2006	International Journal of Pharmacology	2	1	10.3923/ijp.2006.20.23	Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Olabisi On	Raji, Y., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Morakinyo, A.O., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinsomisoye, O.S., Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oloyo, A.K., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Esegbue-Peters, P.R.C., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria; Kunle-Alabi, O.T., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria	This study was carried out to investigate the impact of oral administration of chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed (CPE) on implantation and pregnancy in female albino rats. The study was divided into three experimental sections. Each section was subdivided into 4 groups treated, respectively with 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 b.w CPE and 2.5% tween 80 in normal saline (vehicle for CPE; control). Rats in section 1 were treated with CPE for two weeks before mating (pre-coital). Rats in section 2 were administered CPE from day 1 of pregnancy till term (post coital) while rats in section 3 received the extract for two weeks before mating and thereafter throughout term (pre and post-coital). Implantation sites and resorptions were determined in some of the pregnant rats after laparotomy. The gestation period, litter size and fetal weight were recorded in the remaining rats. The litters were also observed for any morphological alterations. The extract treated rats had significant decreases in litter size and implantation count (p&lt;0.01). The percentage resorptions increased in a dose dependent manner while the fetal weight and morphology remain unchanged when compared with the normal untreated control groups. The percentage resorptions were high in CPE treated rats when compared with the control group. None of the 100 mg kg-1 b.w CPE treated female rats had litters. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed has anti-implantation and abortifacient properties in female albino rats. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Abortion; Carica papaya seed; Implantation; Pregnancy	abortive agent; Carica papaya extract; chloroform; animal experiment; animal model; article; breeding; controlled study; dose response; embryo resorption; female; fetus; fetus weight; gestation period; herbal medicine; laparotomy; litter size; mating; morphology; nidation; nonhuman; papaya; plant seed; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880170047	Implementation of misoprostol for postabortion care in Kenya and Uganda: A qualitative evaluation	Osur J., Baird T.L., Levandowski B.A., Jackson E., Murokora D.	2013	Global Health Action	6	1	10.3402/gha.v6i0.19649	Ipas African Alliance, Nairobi, Kenya; Ipas, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Independent Consultant, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Uganda Women's Health Initiative, Kampala, Uganda	Osur, J., Ipas African Alliance, Nairobi, Kenya; Baird, T.L., Ipas, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Levandowski, B.A., Ipas, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Jackson, E., Independent Consultant, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Murokora, D., Uganda Women's Health Initiative, Kampala, Uganda	Objective: Evaluate implementation of misoprostol for postabortion care (MPAC) in two African countries. Design: Qualitative, program evaluation. Setting: Twenty-five public and private health facilities in Rift Valley Province, Kenya, and Kampala Province, Uganda. Sample: Forty-five MPAC providers, health facility managers, Ministry of Health officials, and nongovernmental (NGO) staffinvolved in program implementation. Methods and main outcome measures: In both countries, the Ministry of Health, local health centers and hospitals, and NGO staffdeveloped evidence-based service delivery protocols to introduce MPAC in selected facilities; implementation extended from January 2009 to October 2010. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews evaluated the implementation process, identified supportive and inhibitive policies for implementation, elicited lessons learned during the process, and assessed provider satisfaction and providers' impressions of client satisfaction with MPAC. Project reports were also reviewed. Results: In both countries, MPAC was easy to use, and freed up provider time and health facility resources traditionally necessary for provision of PAC with uterine aspiration. On-going support of providers following training ensured high quality of care. Providers perceived that many women preferred MPAC, as they avoided instrumentation of the uterus, hospital admission, cost, and stigma associated with abortion. Appropriate registration of misoprostol for use in the pilot, and maintaining supplies of misoprostol, were significant challenges to service provision. Support from the Ministry of Health was necessary for successful implementation; lack of country-based standards and guidelines for MPAC created challenges. Conclusions: MPAC is simple, cost-effective and can be readily implemented in settings with high rates of abortion-related mortality. © 2013 Joachim Osur et al.	Implementation research; Misoprostol; Postabortion care	abortive agent; misoprostol; aftercare; article; clinical protocol; counseling; female; human; implementation research; Kenya; methodology; organization and management; patient education; postabortion care; pregnancy; Uganda; implementation research; misoprostol; postabortion care; Abortifacient Agents; Aftercare; Clinical Protocols; Counseling; Female; Humans; Kenya; Misoprostol; Patient Education as Topic; Pregnancy; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858750618	Infecund evaluation of cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats: An aftermath treatment with Momordica charantia seed extract	Amah C.I., Yama O.E., Noronha C.C.	2012	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	17	1	10.1016/j.mefs.2011.08.003	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Amah, C.I., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Introduction: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) grows in tropical areas including parts of the Amazon, Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. It has an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effect of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on ova count, implantation and the fetus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methodology: Thirty adult cyclic female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats/group were used for the study. The female rats in Groups B and C were made pregnant by cohabiting with male S-D rats. In all the groups, MC extract was administered in the morning (9.00 a.m.) at a dose of 25 mg/100 g b.w./oral. In Group A, rats (in proestrous phase) were treated with a single dose and sacrificed the following day (estrous phase). Rats in Group B were fed once daily from day 1 to 10 of gestation and sacrificed on the 12th day. Rats in Group C were fed once daily from day 6 to 19 of gestation and sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. The following were assessed: ova count, anti-implantation, early abortifacient properties and possible teratogenicity. Result: The extract completely suppressed the release of ova and exhibited highly significant anti-implantation activity. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were seen in the mean body weight, mean crown rump length and mean tail length of the fetuses. Conclusion: In conclusion, MC (25 mg/100 g b.w.) exhibited anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation (early abortifacient) properties. These are certainly desirable anti-fertility actions. It also resulted in prenatal growth deficiencies. © 2011 Middle East Fertility Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abortifacient; Momordica charantia; Ova count; Sprague-Dawley	abortive agent; Momordica charantia extract; animal cell; animal experiment; article; body height; body weight; cell count; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; estrus; female; female infertility; fetus; fetus growth; gestation period; morning dosage; multiple cycle treatment; nonhuman; oocyte; plant seed; pregnancy outcome; proestrus; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; teratogenicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39849103457	Farmers' agronomic and social evaluation of productivity, yield and N 2-fixation in different cowpea varieties and their subsequent residual N effects on a succeeding maize crop	Adjei-Nsiah S., Kuyper T.W., Leeuwis C., Abekoe M.K., Cobbinah J., Sakyi-Dawson O., Giller K.E.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	80	3	10.1007/s10705-007-9133-3	Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands; P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adjei-Nsiah, S., Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kuyper, T.W., Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Leeuwis, C., Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Cobbinah, J., Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Sakyi-Dawson, O., Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Cowpea-maize rotations form an important component of the farming systems of smallholder farmers in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana. We evaluated five cowpea varieties for grain yield, N 2-fixation, biomass production, and contribution to productivity of subsequent maize grown in rotation. We further analyzed the interrelationship between these technical dimensions and the social acceptability of these cowpea varieties for farmers. Cowpea grain yield ranged between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha -1 with no significant yield differences among the different varieties. Using the 15N natural abundance technique, the average proportion of N2 fixed ranged between 61% for Ayiyi and 77% for Legon prolific. This resulted in average amounts of N2 fixed in above-ground biomass ranging between 32 and 67 kg N ha-1, respectively. Variation in estimates due to differences in δ15N among reference plants were larger than differences between cowpea varieties. The amount of soil-derived N ranged from 15 to 20 kg N ha-1. The above-ground net N contribution of the cowpea varieties to the soil (after adjusting for N export in grains) was highest for Legon Prolific (31 kg N ha-1) due to high N2-fixation and high leaf biomass production. Maize grain yield after cowpea without application of mineral N fertilizer ranged between 0.4 t ha-1 with maize after maize to 1.5 t ha-1 with Legon Prolific. The N fertilizer equivalence values for the cowpea varieties ranged between 18 and 60 kg N ha-1. IT810D-1010 was ranked by the farmers as the most preferred cowpea variety due to its white seed type, short-duration, ease of harvesting and good market value. Despite the high leaf biomass production and high amount of N2 fixed by Legon Prolific, it was generally the least preferred variety due to lower market price, late maturity, least potential cash income (due to the red mottled seed type) and difficulty in harvesting. Although farmers recognized the contribution of cowpea to soil fertility and yields of subsequent maize, they did not consider this as an important criterion for varietal selection. Soil fertility improvement must be considered as an additional benefit rather than a direct selection criterion when designing more sustainable smallholder farming systems. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N natural abundance; Crop rotations; Forage cowpea; Marketability	aboveground biomass; agricultural management; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; farmers knowledge; farming system; legume; maize; nitrogen fixation; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748856174	Impact of grazing on forage quality and quantity for ungulates of the Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria	Aremu O.T., Onadeko S.A., Inah E.I.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	13	None	Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Aremu, O.T., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Onadeko, S.A., Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Inah, E.I., Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The study examined the effect of grazing as simulated by clipping on forage quality and quantity in terms of above ground biomass, live, total production and nutrients content of forages utilized by ungulates of Kainji Lake National Park. Three 2.5x2.5 m plots were constructed in the three main vegetation communities in the Park, the plots were in three replicates in each vegetation community. Each plot received separate treatment including medium clipping, heavy clipping and unclipped, average forage biomass production and forage nutrients were measured. The results revealed that higher total annual above ground biomass was recorded in clipped plots which values ranged between 1642 and 2458 g m-2 year-1 when compared to unclipped plots which values ranged between 1.394 and 1.435 g m-2 yeacl-1. Equally, the values of annual total production of clipped and unclipped plots ranged between 250-471 and 210-254 g m-2 year-1 respectively, the values were significantly different at (p = 0.05). It was observed that forages in clipped plots contained higher values of crude protein and fat. Also they contained nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sodium values above minimum values required by herbivores for body maintenance, pregnancy and lactation. Measures to improve forage quality and quantity in the Park are also discussed. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Clipping; Forage biomass; Grazing; Herbivores; Nutrients quality	Above ground biomass; Biomass productions; Clipping; Crude proteins; Forage quality; Grazing; Herbivores; Vegetation community; Animals; Forestry; Lakes; Nutrients; Biomass	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875617700	Disturbances impact on longevity of grass seeds, semi-arid South African Rangeland	Snyman H.A.	2013	Rangeland Ecology and Management	66	2	10.2111/REM-D-11-00145.1	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The effect of plant and soil disturbances on seed density, species richness, and seed longevity of the soil seed bank was quantified for a semi-arid rangeland, over a 5-yr period (2002/2003-2006/2007 growing seasons). The different soil and plant treatments included fire, tillage (intended as a trampling surrogate), and blocked seed rain (simulating heavy grazing). These three experimental factors were combined in a factorial arrangement. Seed responses were evaluated in the soil seed bank before the new seed set, after the first seed production event, and after the second seed production event. Before disturbance (physical impact on the plant and soil), soil seed bank was dominated by early successional species: conversely, aboveground vegetation was mainly dominated by perennial grasses. After only 4 yr of blocked seed rain, seedling emergence of Decreaser grass species ceased totally both in the field and seed bank, with lower effect on Increaser grass species. Emergence of both Decreaser and Increaser grass species decreased in the seed bank with tillage, whereas the opposite occurred in the field. By contrast, tillage increased the emergence of weeds in the seed bank. The decrease in emergence of Decreaser grass species in both seed bank and field was still evident 4 yr after the rangeland was burnt. The grass species Themeda triandra was the most sensitive to fire in terms of seedling emergence. Blocked seed rain treatment significantly decreased (P < 0.05) species richness. Regardless of treatments applied, there was poor similarity between aboveground vegetation and the associated seed bank. Differences in the soil seed bank are likely to reflect manifested properties rather than short-term changes. Several characteristics of seed banks (species composition, seed abundance, and longevity) must be considered in order to understand the dynamics of plant communities following disturbances. © 2013 The Society for Range Management.	blocked seed rain; fire; seedling emergence; species richness; tillage	aboveground biomass; community dynamics; dominance; environmental disturbance; experimental study; grass; grazing; longevity; perennial plant; rangeland; seed bank; seed rain; seed set; seedling emergence; semiarid region; soil profile; species richness; tillage; South Africa; Poaceae; Themeda triandra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888134062	Pervasive, long-lasting impact of historical logging on composition, diversity and above ground carbon stocks in Afrotemperate forest	Adie H., Rushworth I., Lawes M.J.	2013	Forest Ecology and Management	310	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.037	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Adie, H., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Rushworth, I., Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Lawes, M.J., Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Understanding the rate and extent of forest recovery from major disturbance events enable forest managers to establish conservation priorities and allocate limited resources for their management. We examined the extent to which Afrotemperate forest has recovered from widespread, stand-levelling logging that followed the European settlement of south eastern South Africa approximately 150years ago. We used plot-based tree census data to compare ecological characteristics (diversity, composition, structure) of primary, secondary and degraded Afrotemperate forests. Forests impacted by colonial logging events show no evidence of converging on the composition and above ground standing stock of old-growth forests. Primary forest canopies were dominated by two conifer species (Podocarpaceae) and a suite of long-lived pioneer angiosperms dominated the canopies of secondary forests. Old-growth canopy trees (≥20cmdbh) were taller (~26m vs ~16m) and had broader girths (~94cm vs ~54cm) compared with those in secondary forest. Canopy tree size differences translated to considerable (2 to 3-fold) differences in above ground carbon: we estimated that primary forest stores &gt;240MgCha-1 compared with the range of 80.7-114.3MgCha-1 estimated for the two secondary forests and 84.3MgCha-1 for the degraded forest. Measures of rarefied species richness and diversity (Shannon exponential) were markedly lower for primary forest canopy trees, consistent with the proposition that the composition of Afrotemperate forests converges on podocarp dominance at the old-growth stage. In contrast, diversity measures for small (2.5-10.0cmdbh) and medium (10.1-19.9cmdbh) trees were noticeably higher in secondary and degraded forests indicating the considerable conservation value of these formerly disturbed forests. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Above ground biomass; Degradation; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forest	Above ground biomass; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forests; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Population statistics; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Forestry; aboveground biomass; community composition; coniferous tree; environmental degradation; forest canopy; forest management; logging (timber); old-growth forest; secondary forest; species diversity; temperate forest; Biomass; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Forestry; Coniferophyta; Magnoliophyta; Podocarpaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943647909	Monitoring grass nutrients and biomass as indicators of rangeland quality and quantity using random forest modelling and WorldView-2 data	Ramoelo A., Cho M.A., Mathieu R., Madonsela S., van de Kerchove R., Kaszta Z., Wolff E.	2015	International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation	43	None	10.1016/j.jag.2014.12.010	Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Processes (TAP), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium	Ramoelo, A., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Cho, M.A., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Mathieu, R., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Madonsela, S., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; van de Kerchove, R., IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Processes (TAP), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium; Kaszta, Z., IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Wolff, E., IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium	Land use and climate change could have huge impacts on food security and the health of various ecosystems. Leaf nitrogen (N) and above-ground biomass are some of the key factors limiting agricultural production and ecosystem functioning. Leaf N and biomass can be used as indicators of rangeland quality and quantity. Conventional methods for assessing these vegetation parameters at landscape scale level are time consuming and tedious. Remote sensing provides a bird-eye view of the landscape, which creates an opportunity to assess these vegetation parameters over wider rangeland areas. Estimation of leaf N has been successful during peak productivity or high biomass and limited studies estimated leaf N in dry season. The estimation of above-ground biomass has been hindered by the signal saturation problems using conventional vegetation indices. The objective of this study is to monitor leaf N and above-ground biomass as an indicator of rangeland quality and quantity using WorldView-2 satellite images and random forest technique in the north-eastern part of South Africa. Series of field work to collect samples for leaf N and biomass were undertaken in March 2013, April or May 2012 (end of wet season) and July 2012 (dry season). Several conventional and red edge based vegetation indices were computed. Overall results indicate that random forest and vegetation indices explained over 89% of leaf N concentrations for grass and trees, and less than 89% for all the years of assessment. The red edge based vegetation indices were among the important variables for predicting leaf N. For the biomass, random forest model explained over 84% of biomass variation in all years, and visible bands including red edge based vegetation indices were found to be important. The study demonstrated that leaf N could be monitored using high spatial resolution with the red edge band capability, and is important for rangeland assessment and monitoring. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Biomass; Leaf nitrogen; Random forest model; Rangeland quality; Red edge band; WorldView-2	aboveground biomass; forestry modeling; grass; monitoring system; NDVI; nutrient; rangeland; satellite data; WorldView; South Africa; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925534625	Performance of mixed ceramics and CBN tools during hard turning of martensitic stainless steel	Sobiyi K., Sigalas I., Akdogan G., Turan Y.	2015	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	77	42498	10.1007/s00170-014-6506-z	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Castco Precision Castings, P.O. Box 19133, Tygerberg, South Africa	Sobiyi, K., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sigalas, I., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Akdogan, G., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Turan, Y., Castco Precision Castings, P.O. Box 19133, Tygerberg, South Africa	This paper describes the wear behavior of a ceramic and a PcBN cutting tool during the turning of AISI 440B stainless steels at different machining conditions. Experimental results showed that the wear mechanism for ceramic cutting tool is predominantly abrasive wear and for cBN tools was adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The abrasive wear is as a result of hard carbide particles in the workpiece material resulting in grooves formed on the flank face. There was formation of transferred layer followed by plastic deformation on the rake face of PcBN tool when cutting at low speed and feed rate. Better surface finish (Ra) was recorded for ceramics but with deteriorating surface topography. The results also show that good dimensional accuracy can be achieved with cBN tools using CNC machine with high static and dimensional stiffness coupled with high-precision hard turning. © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Cutting tool; Hard turning; Mixed ceramics; PcBN	Abrasion; Abrasives; Carbides; Ceramic cutting tools; Ceramic materials; Computer control systems; Cubic boron nitride; Cutting tools; Machinery; Martensitic stainless steel; Surface topography; Tribology; Dimensional accuracy; Hard turning; Machining conditions; Mixed ceramic; PcBN; PCBN cutting tools; Transferred layer; Workpiece materials; Stainless steel	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953128439	Changes in tribological performance of high molecular weight high density polyethylene induced by the addition of molybdenum disulphide particles	Pettarin V., Churruca M.J., Felhös D., Karger-Kocsis J., Frontini P.M.	2010	Wear	269	42371	10.1016/j.wear.2010.03.006	Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608 FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina; Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science Engineering, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary; Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Pettarin, V., Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608 FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina; Churruca, M.J., Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608 FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina; Felhös, D., Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science Engineering, University of Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary; Karger-Kocsis, J., Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Frontini, P.M., Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608 FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina	Through this work, the effect of the addition of commercial molybdenum disulphide on the tribological behavior of high molecular weight high density polyethylene was assessed. Determination of several tribological parameters (kinetic coefficient of friction by sliding testing, static coefficient of friction by scratch testing, sliding wear rate by roller-on-plate test, abrasive wear rate by dry sand/rubber wheel test, and surface hardness by microhardness measurements) and microscopical observations (by TOM, SEM and EDAX) were combined in an attempt to elucidate the effect of MoS2 in composites performance. In this way, a complete picture of composites behavior was achieved. An content of MoS2 for minimum wear rate was encountered to be around 10 wt.%. It was found that the solid lubricant increases wear resistance under both sliding and abrasive wear conditions. It seems that depending on wear condition MoS2 acts in a different way. It appears that MoS2 contributes to dissipate the generated heat, thus decreasing wear due to surface melting of the polymer. Under sliding conditions, an adhesive wear mechanism became dominant which is characterized by the formation of a uniform and adherent transfer film on the counterface. Under abrasive conditions a positive rolling effect of MoS2 particles was found. Amounts of filler larger than 10% resulted in a detriment of wear resistance due to weak microstructures which lead to the occurrence of micro-cracking wear mechanism. Besides, the effect of MoS2 particles upon HMW-HDPE stress-strain and fracture behavior was checked for the composite with the best wear performance. Low strain mechanical properties of HMW-HDPE remained almost unaltered while a noticeable change in high strain properties resulted from the introduction of filler. Fracture mode was also changed from stable to unstable under quasi-static conditions and from semi-ductile to brittle under dynamic conditions, with a concomitant abrupt reduction in toughness values. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Fracture toughness; Lubricant additives; Polymer-matrix composite; Sliding wear; Stress-strain behavior; Three-body abrasion	Abrasive wears; Adhesive wears; Coefficient of frictions; Dynamic condition; Fracture behavior; Fracture mode; High molecular weight; High strains; Kinetic coefficient of friction; Low strains; Lubricant additives; Microhardness measurement; Microscopical observation; Molybdenum disulphide; Plate test; Quasi-static conditions; Scratch testing; SEM; Sliding conditions; Sliding wear; Stress-strain; Stress-strain behavior; Stress-strain behaviors; Surface hardness; Surface melting; Three body abrasion; Transfer film; Tribological behaviors; Tribological parameters; Tribological performance; Wear condition; Wear mechanisms; Wear performance; Wear rates; Abrasion; Abrasives; Brittle fracture; Ductile fracture; Fillers; Fracture toughness; Friction; Hardness testing; Mechanical properties; Molecular weight; Molybdenum; Molybdenum compounds; Polyethylenes; Polymer matrix composites; Polymers; Rolling; Solid lubricants; Strain; Surface testing; Thermoplastics; Tribology; Wear resistance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649598616	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Abrus precatorious	Georgewill O.A., Georgewill U.O.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Abrus precatorius was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of A. precatorius when co applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of A. precatorius exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Abrus precatorius; Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response	Abrus precatorius extract; acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887737727	Determinants of academic performance in children with sickle cell anaemia	Ezenwosu O.U., Emodi I.J., Ikefuna A.N., Chukwu B.F., Osuorah C.D.	2013	BMC Pediatrics	13	1	10.1186/1471-2431-13-189	Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Ezenwosu, O.U., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Emodi, I.J., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ikefuna, A.N., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Osuorah, C.D., Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Background: Some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA). Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Methods: Consecutive children with SCA aged 5-11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Their age- and sex- matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009/2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register. Academic performance was assessed using the average of the overall scores in the three term examinations of same session. Intelligence ability was determined with Draw-A-Person Quotient (DAPQ) using the Draw-A-Person Test while socio-economic status was determined using the occupational status and educational attainment of each parent.Results: Academic performance of children with SCA showed statistically significant association with their socio-economic status (χ2 = 9.626, p = 0.047), and significant correlation with DAPQ (r = 0.394, p = 0.000) and age (r = -0.412, p = 0.000). However, no significant relationship existed between academic performance and school absence in children with SCA (r = -0.080, p = 0.453).Conclusions: Academic performance of children with SCA is influenced by their intelligence ability, age and socio-economic status but not negatively affected by their increased school absenteeism. © 2013 Ezenwosu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Academic; Children; Determinants; Sickle	absenteeism; academic achievement; age; article; blood transfusion; child; childhood disease; controlled study; correlational study; disease severity; educational status; employment status; female; hospital admission; human; intelligence; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; preschool child; primary school; school child; scoring system; sex ratio; sickle cell anemia; social status; student; teaching hospital; Absenteeism; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Nigeria; Parents; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888857387	Prevalence of dental caries and its impact on quality of life (QoL) among HIV-infected children in Kenya	Masiga M.A., M'imunya J.M.	2013	Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry	38	1	None	Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya; UNITID, Kenya	Masiga, M.A., Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya; M'imunya, J.M., UNITID, Kenya	Aim: To determine the prevalence of dental caries and its impact on QoL among HIV-infected children in Kenya. Study design: Cross-sectional survey of HIV-positive children aged 3-15 years. Method: Two hundred and twenty participants were selected by consecutive sampling. Dental examination was undertaken to determine the presence of dental caries among the children using the dmft/DMFT indices. The children's perceived QoL in the domains of oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional and social wellbeing was assessed using the WHO Simplified Oral Health Questionnaires for children. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 65% whence the prevalence in the deciduous dentition was 50% while that of the permanent dentition was 30.9%. The mean dmft and DMFT scores were 1.75 and 1.08 respectively. Children with high dmft manifested negative impacts on appearance, chewing, biting hard foods and missing school on account of toothache and discomfort, while in the permanent dentition children with high DMFT had a negative impact on biting hard foods. Conclusion: A high caries experience had significant negative impacts on the children's QoL, especially in the primary dentition.	Children; Dental caries; HIV-positive children; QoL	absenteeism; adolescent; article; chi square distribution; child; cross-sectional study; deciduous tooth; dental caries; dental procedure; dentition; double blind procedure; female; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; male; mastication; preschool child; prevalence; psychological aspect; quality of life; self report; tooth pain; Absenteeism; Adolescent; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Care for Children; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; DMF Index; Double-Blind Method; Esthetics, Dental; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Mastication; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Self Report; Tooth, Deciduous; Toothache	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846474913	The impact of working with trauma - Risk and resilience factors among health care providers	Frank S.	2006	South African Journal of Psychiatry	12	4	None	Department of Social Work, Wentworth Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Frank, S., Department of Social Work, Wentworth Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Introduction. Health workers experience high levels of stress which may be due to aspects of the organisation, work roles, work demands, etc. Professionals who listen to patients' fear, pain, suffering and narratives of trauma may feel similiar pain, fear and suffering through a process of counter-transference or vicarious traumatisation. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may subsequently arise, including reexperiencing, avoiding and hyperarousal symptoms. This study aimed to explore whether health workers experienced any symptoms of PTSD, and their risk and resilience factors. Methods. A qualitative, explorative study was undertaken. A total sample of 6 health workers completed self-reported questionnaires and 2 additional staff were interviewed in face-to-face sessions, at Wentworth Hospital Hospital, Durban, South Africa. Results. All but 1 of the health workers did not report symptoms of PTSD or significant distress in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. Post-traumatic stress responses were reported by a few health workers. Health workers further described positive coping strategies in their work with trauma. Conclusion. The varied responses of health workers may be affected by their internal factors (allostatic load), resilience and personal trauma experiences. Reports of PTSD symptoms were minimal and may be indicative of good coping abilities among health workers in this study, or denial of the effects of trauma. These factors require further exploration in future studies with larger sample sizes. However, health institutions need to adopt proactive approaches to improve staff wellness, thereby increasing productivity and decreasing absenteeism.	None	absenteeism; adult; age; article; avoidance behavior; burnout; coping behavior; defense mechanism; denial; educational status; emotional stress; employment status; female; gender; health care facility; health care personnel; health hazard; human; human experiment; irritability; job stress; morality; normal human; occupational disease; patient care; personal experience; pilot study; posttraumatic stress disorder; qualitative research; risk factor; social stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872137581	The impact of an employee wellness programme in clothing/textile manufacturing companies: A randomised controlled trial	Edries N., Jelsma J., Maart S.	2013	BMC Public Health	13	1	10.1186/1471-2458-13-25	Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa	Edries, N., Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa; Jelsma, J., Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa; Maart, S., Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape, South Africa	Background: The prevalence of health risk behaviours is growing amongst South African employees. Health risk behaviours have been identified as a major contributor to reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL) and the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Worksite wellness programmes promise to promote behaviour changes amongst employees and to improve their HRQoL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of an employee wellness programme on HRQoL, health behaviour change, body mass index (BMI) and absenteeism amongst clothing and textile manufacturing employees. Methods. The study used a randomised control trial design. The sample consisted of 80 subjects from three clothing manufacturing companies in Cape Town, South Africa. The experimental group was subjected to a wellness programme based on the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as well as weekly supervised exercise classes over six weeks. The control group received a once-off health promotion talk and various educational pamphlets, with no further intervention. Measurements were recorded at baseline and at six weeks post-intervention. Outcome measures included the EQ-5D, Stanford Exercise Behaviours Scale, body mass index and absenteeism.Data was analysed with the Statistica-8 software program. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the differences in the medians between the two groups and to determine the level of significance. The Sign test was used to determine the within group changes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference between the two groups. Results: At six weeks post intervention the experimental group (39 subjects) demonstrated improvement in almost every parameter. In contrast, apart from an overall decrease in time off work and a reduction in BMI for all study participants, there was no significant change noted in the behaviour of the control group (41 subjects). Seventy percent of the experimental group had improved HRQoL EQ-5D VAS scores post intervention, indicating improved perceived HRQoL. In comparison, only 58% of the control group had improved HRQoL EQ-5D VAS scores post intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline or at six weeks post intervention. Conclusion: An employee wellness programme based on the principles of CBT combined with weekly aerobic exercise class was beneficial in improving the perceived HRQoL and changing health-related behaviours of clothing manufacturing employees. However, it cannot be concluded that the EWP was more effective than the once off health promotion talk as no significant changes were noted between the two groups at 6-weeks post intervention.This trial has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (trial registration number NCT01625039). © 2013 Edries et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Cognitive behaviour therapy; Employee wellness; Musculo-skeletal disorders; Occupational health	absenteeism; adult; article; attitude to health; body mass; clothing; control group; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; female; health behavior; health care quality; health promotion; human; male; materials; methodology; occupation; occupational health service; publication; quality of life; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; South Africa; statistics; textile; Absenteeism; Adult; Body Mass Index; Clothing; Control Groups; Female; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Manufactured Materials; Occupational Health Services; Occupations; Pamphlets; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; South Africa; Textiles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649254989	Prevalence and impact of headache and migraine among secondary school students in Nigeria	Ofovwe G.E., Ofili A.N.	2010	Headache	50	10	10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01776.x	Department of Child Health, University of Benin, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 1111, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ofovwe, G.E., Department of Child Health, University of Benin, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 1111, Benin City, Nigeria; Ofili, A.N., Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Background.- A cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the overall, age and gender specific prevalence, trigger factors and impact of headache and migraine on quality of life of students attending secondary schools in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods.- Six secondary schools were randomly selected from which students were randomly selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to screen those with frequent headache, defined as at least 2 episodes of headache unrelated to fever or any underlying disease within the last 12 months or at least 1 episode in the last 6 months preceding the date questionnaire was administered. Another questionnaire based on the ICHD-2 criteria for diagnosis of migraine was then administered to those with frequent headaches. Data analysis was with SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Results.- One thousand six hundred and seventy-nine students aged 11-18 years were recruited. The overall prevalence of headache was 19.5%. The prevalence of migraine was 13.5%. Migraine was more common in girls than in boys at all ages. The most common trigger factors included emotional stress, sunlight or bright light, sleep deprivation, and hunger. Inability to participate in outdoor activities, household chores, and school absenteeism were the common impacts on the quality of life of among 76.8% of the migrainuers. Conclusion.- Migraine is common and underdiagnosed among secondary school students in Benin City, Nigeria, and negatively impacts on the quality of life including school absenteeism. © 2010 American Headache Society.	Benin City; impact; migraine; Nigeria; prevalence; schoolchildren	absenteeism; adult; article; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic error; emotional stress; female; headache; high school; household; human; hunger; major clinical study; male; migraine; Nigeria; prevalence; priority journal; quality of life; risk assessment; school child; sleep deprivation; sunlight; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Cluster Headache; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Migraine Disorders; Migraine with Aura; Migraine without Aura; Nigeria; Schools; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Students; Tension-Type Headache	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916215147	The impact of plant volatiles on bacterial quorum sensing	Ahmad A., Viljoen A.M., Chenia H.Y.	2015	Letters in Applied Microbiology	60	1	10.1111/lam.12343	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Ahmad, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Viljoen, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Chenia, H.Y., Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Studies describing the use of essential oil constituents as antimicrobial agents have steadily increased; however, some phyto-constituents are often overlooked due to unfavourable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Virulence depends on transcriptional factors which are regulated by cell-to-cell communication called quorum sensing (QS). This study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-QS properties of 29 compounds commonly found in essential oils using two bioreporter strains. QS-inhibitory activity was assessed qualitatively by agar diffusion and quantitatively by spectrophotometric assays. MICs of all the tested compounds ranged from 0·032 to &gt;5 mg ml-1. Twenty-two compounds displayed varying levels of QS inhibitory activity with zones of violacein inhibition ranging from 9 to 16 mm. Majority of tested molecules inhibited violacein and pyocyanin production in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while seven compounds increased violacein and pyocyanin production. Interestingly, it was observed that the (+)-enantiomers of carvone, limonene and borneol increased violacein and pyocyanin production, while their levorotary analogues inhibited this production. α-Terpineol and cis-3-nonen-1-ol exhibited &gt;90% violacein inhibition, suggesting their potential as QS inhibitors. This preliminary study indicates that plant volatiles have the potential to impede or promote bacterial communication and further studies need to be undertaken to explore the contribution of structural analogues and stereochemistry of molecules in this process. Significance and Impact of the Study: Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing (QS) properties of 29 common essential oil compounds were evaluated. Interruption of QS may lead to the development of therapeutic, antivirulence agents to control disease-causing pathogens which are preferable over antimicrobial agents as the latter drives selection pressure on microbial communities to acquire resistance. Twenty-two compounds inhibited QS, while seven promoted the QS to a variable extent in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Preliminary results suggest that QS-inhibitory compounds of natural origin may inspire the formulation of new generation of antimicrobial agents to control infectious pathogens. Significance and Impact of the Study: Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing (QS) properties of 29 common essential oil compounds were evaluated. Interruption of QS may lead to the development of therapeutic, antivirulence agents to control disease-causing pathogens which are preferable over antimicrobial agents as the latter drives selection pressure on microbial communities to acquire resistance. Twenty-two compounds inhibited QS, while seven promoted the QS to a variable extent in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Preliminary results suggest that QS-inhibitory compounds of natural origin may inspire the formulation of new generation of antimicrobial agents to control infectious pathogens. © 2014 The Society for Applied Microbiology.	Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Chromobacterium violaceum; Monoterpenes; Natural compounds; Pyocyanin; Quorum sensing; Violacein	absinthol; alpha phellandrene; anisaldehyde; beta pinene; bornyl acetate; camphene; carvacrol; carvone; cis 3 nonen 1 ol; citral; essential oil; estragole; farnesol; geraniol; isoeugenol; limonene; linalool; menthone; nerol; nerolidol; pinene; pyocyanine; terpineol; thymol; unclassified drug; volatile agent; antiinfective agent; essential oil; indole derivative; violacein; virulence factor; agar diffusion; antibiotic sensitivity; antimicrobial activity; Article; bacterial growth; bacterium culture; cell growth; Chromobacterium violaceum; controlled study; enantiomer; microbial community; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; quorum sensing; stereochemistry; biosynthesis; chemistry; Chromobacterium; disk diffusion; drug effects; metabolism; microbial sensitivity test; pathogenicity; physiology; plant; quorum sensing; virulence; Bacteria (microorganisms); Chromobacterium violaceum; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromobacterium; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Indoles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plants; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pyocyanine; Quorum Sensing; Virulence; Virulence Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149369037	Evaluation of the phase composition, crystallinity, and trace isotope variation of SiC in experimental TRISO coated particles	de Villiers J.P.R., Roberts J., Ngoepe N., Tuling A.S.	2009	Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power	131	6	10.1115/1.3098426	University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	de Villiers, J.P.R., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Roberts, J., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Ngoepe, N., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Tuling, A.S., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The SiC layers in experimental tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) coated particles with zirconia kernels were evaluated for their phase composition, impurity levels, crystal perfection, and twinning of the crystallites in the layers. This evaluation was necessary to compare the different SiC layers and relate these properties to various quality tests and ultimately to manufacturing parameters in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coater. Identification of the various polytypes was done using electron diffraction methods. This is the only method for the unequivocal identification of the different polytypes. The 3C and 6H polytypes were positively identified. The SiC in some samples is disordered. This is characterized by planar defects, of different widths and periodicities, giving rise to streaking in the diffraction pattern along the [111] direction of the 3C polytype. Polarized light microscopy in transmission easily distinguishes between the cubic (beta) and noncubic (alpha) SiC in the layers and provides valuable information about the distribution of these phases in the layers. Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the distribution of Si in the SiC layers of the different samples. Two samples contain elevated levels of Si(̃50%), with the highest levels on the inside of the layers. The elevated Si levels also occur in most of the other samples, albeit at lower Si levels. This was also confirmed by the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) electron backscatter analysis. Rietveld analysis using X-ray diffraction is presently the only reliable method to quantify the polytypes in the SiC layer. It was found that the SiC layer consists predominantly (82-94%) of the 3C polytype, with minor amounts of the 6H and 8H polytypes. Impurities in the SiC and PyC could be measured with sufficient sensitivity using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The SiC and PyC layers are easily located from the intensity of the C 13 and Si 29 signals. In most cases the absolute values are less important than the variation of impurities in the samples. Elevated levels of the transition elements Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, and Zn are present erratically in some samples. These elements, together with Ag 107 and Ag 109, correlate positively, indicating impurities, even metallic particles. Elevated levels of these transition elements are also present at the SiC/outer pyrolytic carbon (OPyC) interface. The reasons for this are unknown at this stage. NIST standards were used to calibrate the impurity levels in the coated particles. These average from 1 ppm to 18 ppm for some isotopes. © 2009 by ASME.	None	Absolute values; Coated particles; Crystal perfection; Crystallinities; Elevated level; Impurities in; Impurity level; Isotope variation; Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometries; Manufacturing parameters; Metallic particles; Planar defect; Polarized light microscopy; Polytypes; Pyrolytic carbon; Quality test; Scanning electron microscopes; Transition element; Ablation; Chemical vapor deposition; Chromium; Crystal impurities; Diffraction; Electromagnetic induction; Isotopes; Light transmission; Mass spectrometry; Phase composition; Raman spectroscopy; Rietveld analysis; Rietveld method; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon; Transition metals; Twinning; X ray diffraction; Zirconia; Silicon carbide	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549104542	Monitoring natural organic matter and disinfection by-products at different stages in two South African water treatment plants	Mamba B.B., Krause R.W., Matsebula B., Haarhoff J.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 542, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mamba, B.B., Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Krause, R.W., Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Matsebula, B., Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Haarhoff, J., Department of Civil Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 542, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex organic material present in natural surface water. NOM can cause problems during water treatment - most notably the formation of toxic disinfection by-products. This study was undertaken in order to assess the effectiveness of some of the water treatment techniques employed by selected water supply companies in South Africa in dealing with NOM. Total organic carbon (TOC) and ultra violet (UV) absorbance at wavelength of 254 nm were measured and used to calculate specific ultra violet absorbance (SUVA), which was used to determine the changes in NOM concentration throughout the water treatment train. Other parameters measured include pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity. Water samples were collected from two water treatment plants in South Africa, namely Sedibeng (Balkfontein) and Midvaal. The overall TOC reduction after the water treatment processes was 33% and 30% at Midvaal and Sedibeng, respectively. SUVA values were generally low (&lt;2 ℓ{bullet operator}mg-1{bullet operator}m-1) indicating the presence of aliphatic compounds and less 'aromaticity' in NOM of the water samples. Water insoluble β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polyurethanes were then applied to the water to compare TOC reduction in addition to 'normal' water treatment processes, and were found to provide up to 19% additional TOC decrease, and UV absorbance reduction was up to 78%. Results obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis after chlorination, revealed that the water had the potential to form halomethane compounds with chloroform being the most dominant. Again, water-insoluble β-CD polyurethanes were applied to the water as a treatment to remove trihalomethanes (THMs) and were found to efficiently remove up to 95% of THMs formed during the disinfection step. The treatment processes studied have limited ability in dealing with NOM and are not individually effective in NOM removal. Results obtained indicate that the application of β-CD polyurethanes in addition to the water treatment processes may enhance NOM removal in water and significantly reduce the THMs formed.	β-cyclodextrin polyurethanes; Natural organic matter; Total organic carbon	Absorbance; Aliphatic compounds; Aromaticity; At wavelengths; Chemical-oxygen demands; Disinfection by-products; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries; Halomethane compounds; Natural organic matter; Natural surfaces; Organic materials; South Africa; Total organic carbon; Treatment process; Treatment techniques; Trihalomethanes; Ultra violets; Uv-absorbance; Water samples; Water treatment process; Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Chemical oxygen demand; Chlorine; Chromatographic analysis; Data storage equipment; Disinfection; Fire hazards; Gas chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Organic carbon; Oxygen; Polymers; Polyurethanes; Projectiles; Turbidity; Water recycling; Water supply; Water treatment plants; Chemicals removal (water treatment); chemical oxygen demand; concentration (composition); disinfection; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; organic acid; organic carbon; pollutant removal; surface water; ultraviolet radiation; water supply; water treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955960146	Evaluation of natural radioactivity in soil, sediment and water samples of Niger Delta (Biseni) flood plain lakes, Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Onoja R.A.	2011	Journal of Environmental Radioactivity	102	7	10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.03.002	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Dept. of Radiation Biophysics, Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Onoja, R.A., Dept. of Radiation Biophysics, Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This paper presents the findings of a baseline study undertaken to evaluate the natural radioactivity levels in soil, sediment and water samples in four flood plain lakes of the Niger Delta using a hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity profile of radionuclides shows low activity across the study area. The mean activity level of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K is 20 ± 3, 20 ± 3 and 180 ± 50 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values are well within values reported elsewhere in the country and in other countries with similar environments. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The mean values obtained are, 76 ± 14 Bq kg-1, 30 ± 5.5 ηGy h-1, 37 ± 6.8 μSv y-1, 0.17 and 0.23 for Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq), Absorbed Dose Rates (D), Annual Effective Dose Rates (Eff Dose), External Hazard Index (Hex) and Internal Hazard Index (Hin) respectively. All the health hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any significant radiological threat to the population. The water is radiologically safe for domestic and industrial use. The paper recommends further studies to estimate internal and external doses from other suspected radiological sources to the population of the Biseni kingdom. © 2011.	Flood plain lakes; Natural radioactivity; Niger delta; Nigeria	Absorbed dose rate; Activity levels; Activity profile; Annual effective dose; Construction materials; External dose; External hazard index; Flood plain lakes; Flood plains; Hazard indices; Industrial use; Internal hazard index; Mean values; Natural radioactivity; Natural radionuclides; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Radiological sources; Radium equivalent activity; Soil and sediment; Study areas; Water samples; Anoxic sediments; Germanium; Health hazards; Health risks; Industrial applications; Lakes; Radiation; Radiation hazards; Radioisotopes; Radiology; Radiometry; Radium; Sedimentology; Soils; Radioactivity; germanium; potassium 40; radium 226; radon; thorium 232; water; detection method; floodplain; germanium; radioactive pollution; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; sediment pollution; soil pollution; thorium isotope; absorbed dose rate; annual effective dose rate; article; external hazard index; gamma radiation; internal hazard index; lake sediment; natural radioactivity; Nigeria; radiation detection; radiation exposure; radiation hazard; radiation safety; radiological parameters; radium equivalent activity; soil; Background Radiation; Fresh Water; Geologic Sediments; Nigeria; Potassium Radioisotopes; Radiation Monitoring; Radium; Soil; Thorium; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81255169228	Evaluation of radiological hazards in the sediments of Ogun river, South-Western Nigeria	Jibiri N.N., Okeyode I.C.	2012	Radiation Physics and Chemistry	81	2	10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.10.002	Radiation and Health Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Jibiri, N.N., Radiation and Health Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Okeyode, I.C., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The concentrations of natural radionuclides in the sediments of Ogun river in South Western Nigeria have been measured and determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th at different locations along the course of the river were found to vary from 370.99±19.26Bq/kg (at Olopade) to 608.02±24.66Bq/kg (at Owere), 5.57±2.34 (at Ekerin) to 20.40±4.52Bq/kg (at Sokori) and 5.04±2.24Bq/kg (at mile 12-Maidan) to 23.10±4.81Bq/kg (at Sokori) respectively. The overall calculated mean of the total indoor absorbed dose rates was 64.46±9.16nGy/h with corresponding annual indoor effective dose of 0.32±0.05mSv/y. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin) and representative gamma index (Iγr) were calculated in order to assess the radiation hazards associated with the use of these sediments in the construction of dwellings. The overall estimated values for the radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index and the representative gamma index were 67.96±10.74Bq/kg, 0.18±0.03, 0.22±0.05 and 0.54±0.08, respectively. These values obtained for the river sediments were less than the recommended safe and criterion limits by UNSCEAR and also, they compared well with the values from other countries of normal radiation areas. It suffices to say therefore that sediments from Ogun river are safe and can be used for construction of buildings without undue radiological health concerns. Results of the study could serve as an important baseline radiometric data for future epidemiological studies and monitoring initiatives in the study area. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Natural radionuclides; Ogun river; Radioactivity; Radiological hazard indices; River sediment; South Western Nigeria	Absorbed dose rate; Effective dose; Epidemiological studies; External hazard index; Gamma ray spectrometry; Health concerns; Internal hazard index; Mean activity concentrations; Natural radionuclides; Nigeria; Radiological hazard; Radiometric data; Radium equivalent activity; River sediment; River sediments; South Western Nigeria; Study areas; Anoxic sediments; Gamma rays; Radioactivity; Radioisotopes; Radiology; Radiometry; Radium; Rivers; Sedimentology; Radiation hazards; potassium 40; radioisotope; radium 226; thorium 232; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental radioactivity; gamma radiation; gamma spectrometry; Nigeria; radiation absorption; radiation dose distribution; radiation exposure; radiation hazard; radiation measurement; radiation monitoring; radiation protection; radiation response; radiation safety; radioactive pollution; radioisotope decay; river ecosystem; sediment; soil analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886784599	Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity Materials (NORM) of Soil and Sediments in Oil and Gas Wells in Western Niger Delta Region of Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Ononugbo C.P.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	6	10.1007/s12665-013-2312-4	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Avwiri, G.O., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ononugbo, C.P., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Oil mineral leases (30, 58 and 61) in Delta and River States are the major oil blocks in the oil and gas rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria that is characterized by environmental degradation from oil and gas activities. This research work presents an analytical approach on natural radioactivity assessment in soil and sediment in 15 oil fields of these OMLs. Concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were determined using gamma spectroscopy. The mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML30 is 40.2 ± 5.1, 29.9 ± 4.2 and 361.5 ± 20.0 Bq kg-1, respectively; the corresponding values obtained for OML58 is 20.9 ± 2.8, 19.4 ± 2.5 and 260.0 ± 14.1 Bq kg-1, respectively. While the mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML61 is 29.3 ± 3.5, 21.6 ± 2.6 and 262.1 ± 14.6 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values obtained show enhanced NORMs, but are well within the world range and values reported in some regions and countries of the world, and are slightly above control values, values obtained in Southwestern region of Nigeria and some countries reported average values. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices, the mean values obtained are 86.6 ± 9.3 Bq kg-1, 0.6 Bq kg-1, 40.8 ηGy h-1, 0.05 μSv y-1, 0.2 and 0.3 for radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed dose rates (D), annual effective dose rates (E ff dose), external hazard index (H ex) and internal hazard index (H in), respectively. These calculated hazard indices to estimate the potential radiological health risk in soil and sediment are well below their permissible limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for the inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any radiological threat or harm to the public users. However, oil-field workers and host community residents are cautioned against excess exposure to avoid future accumulative dose of these radiations from sludge and sediment of this area. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Niger Delta; NORM; Oil field soil; Oil mineral lease	Absorbed dose rates (d); Field soil; Mean activity concentrations; Niger Delta; NORM; Oil mineral lease; Radiation hazard indices; Radium equivalent activity; Natural gas wells; Oil fields; Radiation hazards; Radiology; Soils; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Sediments; concentration (composition); environmental degradation; gamma ray spectrometry; gas well; hazard assessment; health risk; oil field; oil well; pollution exposure; public health; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; resident population; sediment pollution; sludge; soil pollution; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949087023	Performance evaluation of absorbent materials in evaporative cooling system for the storage of fruits and vegetables	Olosunde W.A., Igbeka J.C., Olurin T.O.	2009	International Journal of Food Engineering	5	3	10.2202/1556-3758.1376	University of Uyo, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bells University of Technology, Nigeria	Olosunde, W.A., University of Uyo, Nigeria; Igbeka, J.C., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olurin, T.O., Bells University of Technology, Nigeria	An experimental storage based on the principle of evaporative cooling was designed to evaluate the performance of three natural absorbent fiber materials to be used as cooling pads. The absorbent materials were jute, hessian and cotton waste. The performance criteria included cooling efficiency, material performance and total amount of heat load removed from the evaporative cooler. The results showed that under the no-load condition, the average cooling efficiency was highest for jute at 86.2%, compared to 76.3% for cotton waste and 61.7% for hessian fiber. Materials performance tests results showed that the highest resistance to mold formation was exhibited by hessian followed by cotton waste, while the jute fiber had very poor performance. The heat load determination also showed that products stored in the cooler with jute as water absorbent produced the least heat of respiration, followed by cotton waste and hessian in that order. The total results indicated that jute had the overall advantage over the other materials. However, if the cotton waste surface could be modified to offer larger surface required for evaporation, it would be the best alternative because the jute surface is prone to mold formation. © 2009 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.	Absorbent material; Cotton waste; Evaporative cooling; Hessian; Jute; Respiration; Storage	Absorbent material; Evaporative cooling; Hessian; Jute; Respiration; Storage; Absorption; Cooling; Cotton; Evaporation; Evaporative cooling systems; Jute fibers; Materials; Molds; Thermal load; Surfaces; Absorbents; Absorption; Burlap; Cooling; Cooling Systems; Cotton; Evaporation; Jute; Molds; Respiration; Storage; Surfaces; Wastes; Corchorus capsularis; Gossypium hirsutum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886610054	Hydrochemical characterization and quality evaluation of groundwater in parts of the basement complex area of Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria	Ojo T.A., Niyi T.M.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences	56	2	None	Department of Geology, Ekiti State Umversny, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ojo, T.A., Department of Geology, Ekiti State Umversny, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Niyi, T.M., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Well water (88 samples) were collected across various bedrock units in the basement terrain of Ekiti area, Southwestern Nigeria. They were subjected to in-situ physico-chemical measurement and hydrochemical analyses using ICP-OES and ion-chromatography methods for cations and anions, respectively. To understand the water quality and utilisation aspects of groundwater, chemical indices like sodium %, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Wilcox diagram and salinity diagram were constructed based on the analytical results. The results show pH values ranging between 6.0-7.8 and total hardness (TH) 3.2-508.7 mg/L. Major cations concentrations were in the order of Ca2+ &gt;K+ &gt;Na+ &gt;Mg2+ with average values of 28.5, 26.8, 24.2 and 7.9 mg/L, respectively whtie that of the anions were HCO3 - &gt;CI &gt;S04 2-&gt;N03-with average values of 118.7, 54.2, 23.8 and 0.92 mg/L. The mam hydrochemical facies being Ca-HC03 waters. The ionic orders of abundance varied in different rocks of the study area. These concentration trends show a low total dissolved solids (130-1544 μS/cm) indicating a low water-rock interaction due to low residence time which is an indication of CO2 dominated infiltration recharge with limited migratory history typical of the shallow basement terrain in the study area. Quality assessment revealed a potable groundwater system with chemical parameters within the acceptable limits of the WHO and SON drinking water standards with exception of Fe, Mn and Pb in a couple of locations. Also, the estimated SAR alongside TDS revealed a shallow groundwater system suitable for irrigation purposes.	Basement; Irrigation; Salinity; Sodium adsorption ratio; Water-rock interaction	absorption; basement rock; bedrock; concentration (composition); dissolved load; drinking water; groundwater resource; hydrogeochemistry; infiltration; irrigation; physicochemical property; recharge; salinity; sodium; water quality; water-rock interaction; well water; Ekiti; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745206026	Strength performance of laterized concrete	Udoeyo F.F., Iron U.H., Odim O.O.	2006	Construction and Building Materials	20	10	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.03.002	Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Udoeyo, F.F., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Iron, U.H., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Odim, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	The results of an experimental program to investigate some characteristics of concrete containing laterite as a partial or full replacement of sand is presented in this paper. Sand in a concrete of mix ratio 1:2:4:0.56 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water-cement ratio) was replaced with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% laterite. The results show that concrete with up to 40% replacement level of sand by laterite attained the designed strength of 20 N/mm2, thus indicating the possibility of using laterite as a partial replacement for sand up to this level. It was also observed from the results that the workability of laterite concrete (LATCON) increases with increase in the replacement level of sand by laterite, while the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths and the percentage water absorption of the concrete decrease with increase in the replacement level of sand. Regression models relating the strengths of LATCON are also presented in this paper. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Laterized concrete; Strengths	Absorption; Bending strength; Cements; Elastic moduli; Regression analysis; Sand; Strength of materials; Water; Laterized concrete (LATCON); Partial replacement; Strength performance; Strengths; Concretes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051875722	Physico-chemical evaluation of some South African geophagic soils to assess their potential health effects	Grace G., Eta N.E.	2011	Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment	15	2	None	Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Grace, G., Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Eta, N.E., Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Geophagic soil samples collected from women who consume them were analysed for some of the physicochemical characteristics in order to understand the possible influence of this practice on the health of those who consume them. Some of the properties investigated were colour, texture, pH, cation exchange capacities (CEC) and elemental composition. The colour (hue values) of the geophagic soils ranged from yellowish (10YR) to brownish with most of them being yellowish brown and yellowish orange. The texture of the soils varied considerably from sand to clay. ThepHfmo) of the geophagic soils varied from as low as 3.89 to as high as 9.11 with a mean pH(H20) of 7.34. The cation exchange capacities of these soils ranged from 3-89 meq/WOg soil with a mean CEC of 38 meq/lOOg soil and a median of 28 meq/lOOg soil. The elemental composition was dominated by iron, aluminium, calcium and magnesium and traces of copper and zinc while arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead were not detectable. Relatively high cation-exchange capacities of some of the geophagic soils observed in the study may have the potential to supplement some of the vital elements like iron and zinc and may confer some healing abilities such as detoxification. High levels of calcium in some of the geophagic soils analyzed may provide calcium sufficiently but may affect the absorption and bioavailability of zinc. High content of iron observed in these soils may also influence negatively on the utilization of copper, zinc and probably selenium.	Cat-ion exchange capacity; Elemental composition; Geophagia; Geophagic soil; pH	absorption; bioavailability; calcium; clay; detoxification; geophagy; health impact; iron; physicochemical property; sand; soil nutrient; soil texture; womens health; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929932856	Particle boards produced from cassava stalks: Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties	Aisien F.A., Amenaghawon A.N., Bienose K.C.	2015	South African Journal of Science	111	06-May	10.17159/sajs.2015/20140042	Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Aisien, F.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Amenaghawon, A.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Bienose, K.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	We investigated the potential use of cassava stalks for the production of bonded particle boards. Particle boards were produced from cassava stalks using urea-formaldehyde as a binder. Water absorption and thickness swelling tests were carried out to determine dimensional stability of the boards while modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity tests were carried out to assess the mechanical strength of the boards. Particle boards produced using an adhesive-cassava stalk ratio of 3:1 gave the best results in terms of the lowest mean values of water absorption (20%) and thickness swelling (6.26%), as well as the highest values of modulus of rupture (4×106 N/m2) and modulus of elasticity (2366.74×106 N/m2). The particle boards produced met the ANSI/A208.1-1999 standard for general-purpose boards. The results of analyses of variance carried out revealed that the adhesive-cassava stalk ratio had a marked influence (p<0.05) on the physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) but not on the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity). © 2015. The Author(s).	Cassava stalks; Dimensional stability; Particle board; Thickness swelling; Urea-formaldehyde	absorption; cassava; mechanical property; physical property; swelling; variance analysis; wood; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15244344272	Fast heated ballast furnace atomizer for atomic absorption spectrometry: Part 2. Experimental assessment of performances	Katskov D.A., Sadagov Y.M., Banda M.	2005	Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry	20	3	10.1039/b413345e	Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Cortech Ltd., Ozernaya St. 46, Moscow 119361, Russian Federation	Katskov, D.A., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Sadagov, Y.M., Cortech Ltd., Ozernaya St. 46, Moscow 119361, Russian Federation; Banda, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The theoretical predictions concerning atomization efficiency in the fast heated ballast furnace atomizer were examined by determination of Pb in the organic and inorganic matrices using a Quantum Z.ETA atomic absorption spectrometer. The instrument provided fast heating of the tube atomizer (10 K ms-1) and temperature stabilization on the pre-set level. In the experiments the tube was furnished with compact ballast (e.g., a graphite rod 1 mm in diameter and 5-9 mm in length or other refractive materials of similar volume and configuration). The samples were injected into the tube, disregarding their exact location on the wall or ballast. It is shown that in the employed ballast furnace for the sampling volumes below 10-15 μ1 the vapor release into the gas phase occurs after interim condensation on the ballast. For the samples of tetraethyllead, base oil and lead nitrate respective analytical signals are observed after stabilization of tube temperature (below 2673 K), independent of the volatility of the analyte and level of temperature setting. High gas phase temperature provides, for those samples, complete recovery of the analyte without involvement of chemical modifiers. The reduction of spectral background from sea-water matrix at Pb determination and behavior of analytical signals for In and Cr confirm common mechanism of sample vapor release via interim condensation on the ballast. The optimization of material for the ballast is still needed taking into consideration physical properties and the chemical activity of its surface towards the sample vapor. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.	None	Absorption; Condensation; Data acquisition; Graphite; Lead compounds; Magnetic field effects; Magnets; Porosity; Problem solving; Quantum theory; Reaction kinetics; Sensitivity analysis; Signal to noise ratio; Spectroscopic analysis; Vaporization; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Ballast furnaces; Fast heated ballast furnaces; Gas phases; Refractive materials; Furnaces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880561708	Photocatalytic performance of nitrogen, osmium co-doped TiO2 for removal of eosin yellow in water under simulated solar radiation	Kuvarega A.T., Krause R.W.M., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology	13	7	10.1166/jnn.2013.7589	UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	Kuvarega, A.T., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mamba, B.B., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	Nitrogen, osmium co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel method using ammonia as the nitrogen source and osmium tetroxide as the source of osmium. The role of rutile phase OsO2 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 towards the degradation of Eosin Yellow was investigated. The materials were characterised by various techniques that include FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, TGA and DRUV-Vis. The amorphous, oven dried sample was transformed to the anatase and then the rutile phase with increasing calcination temperature. DRUVVis analysis revealed a red shift in absorption with increasing calcination temperature, confirmed by a decrease in the band gap of the material. The photocatalytic activity of N, Os co-doped TiO2 was evaluated using eosin yellow degradation and activity increased with increase in calcination temperature under simulated solar irradiation. The rutile phase of the co-doped TiO 2 was found to be more effective in degrading the dye (ka = 1.84×10-2 min-1) compared to the anatase co-doped phase (ka =9.90×10-3 min-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effects of rutile TiO2 and rutile OsO2 in the N, Os co-doped TiO 2. Copyright © 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.	Absorption Edge; Anatase; Nitrogen-Osmium Co-Doped TiO2; Osmium Dioxide; Photocatalysis; Rutile; Visible Light	Absorption edges; Co-doped tio; Modified sol-gel method; Photocatalytic activities; Photocatalytic performance; Rutile; Simulated solar radiations; Visible light; Calcination; Nitrogen; Osmium; Oxide minerals; Photocatalysis; Photocatalysts; Sol-gel process; Solar radiation; Sun; Titanium dioxide; eosin; nanomaterial; nitrogen; osmium; titanium; titanium dioxide; article; catalysis; chemistry; isolation and purification; light; materials testing; methodology; radiation exposure; solar energy; water management; water pollutant; Catalysis; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Light; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Nitrogen; Osmium; Solar Energy; Titanium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921761052	Nutritional evaluation of nigerian dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds	Ogungbenle H.N., Arekemase E.F.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological Sciences	57	3	None	Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Ogungbenle, H.N., Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Arekemase, E.F., Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The proximate, functional properties, in-vitro multi enzyme protein digestibility and amino acid compositions of Nigerian dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds were evaluated. The ash, moisture, fat, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate of the okra seeds were: 4.8%, 13.5%, 39.9%, 8.82%, 26.4% and 6.62%, respectively. The water and oil absorption capacities were: 220% and 200% which makes okra seeds exhibit a high water retention capacity. The least gelation concentration was 8% while, emulsion capacity was 45.5% and foaming capacity and stability were: 12% and 2%, respectively. The in vitro protein digestibility was 69.3%. Glutamic acid was the most concentrated amino acid (121.1 mg/g crude protein) while, cystine (10.0 mg/g crude protein) was the least concentrated amino acid. The total amino acid was 706 mg/g crude protein.	Amino acid; Digestibility; Functional properties; Okra seeds	absorption efficiency; amino acid; dicotyledon; digestibility; enzyme activity; moisture; nutritive value; retention; seed; Nigeria; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947915361	Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Mbaa River and the impact on aquatic ecosystem	Ajima M.N.O., Nnodi P.C., Ogo O.A., Adaka G.S., Osuigwe D.I., Njoku D.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	12	10.1007/s10661-015-4937-0	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ajima, M.N.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nnodi, P.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogo, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Njoku, D.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The bioaccumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals have caused ecological damage to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentration of heavy metals including zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, and copper were determined in the sediment and water as well as in the muscle, gill, and intestine of two fish species (Pelmatochromis guentheri and Pelmatochromis pulcher) of Mbaa River in Southeastern Nigeria. Samples were collected at three different spots from the river, and the level of heavy metals specified above were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after a modified wet digestion process. The results indicated that sediment had the highest concentration of the heavy metals investigated while water had the lowest concentration. Fish tissues showed appreciable bioaccumulation of these metals as evidenced by a higher concentration profile when compared with that of water. Furthermore, the concentration of these heavy metals in water and their bioconcentration factor in the fish were above the recommended limit by WHO and FEPA, indicating that Mbaa River along Inyishi may not be suitable for drinking nor the fish safe for human consumption. The study also reveals the use of fish as bioindicator of aquatic environment. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Accumulation; Fish; Heavy metals; Mbaa River; Pollution	Absorption spectroscopy; Aquatic ecosystems; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Chemical contamination; Copper; Ecology; Ecosystems; Fish; Heavy metals; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Water resources; Accumulation; Aquatic environments; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bio-concentration factors; Concentration profiles; Ecological damage; Human consumption; Southeastern Nigeria; River pollution; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; water; zinc; aquatic ecosystem; bioaccumulation; cichlid; ecological impact; heavy metal; pollution effect; animal tissue; aquatic environment; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration factor; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact; exposure; freshwater fish; health hazard; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pelmatochromis guentheri; Pelmatochromis pulcher; risk assessment; river; sediment; tissue level; water contamination; Nigeria; Pelmatochromis; Pelvicachromis pulcher	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938348842	Environmental impact of mining and pedogeochemistry of Agunjin area, southwestern Nigeria	Odewumi Shola C., Aminu Ahmed A., Abuh M., Bulus Joseph A.	2015	International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering	8	2	None	Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Jos,	Odewumi Shola, C., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084, Jos, Nigeria; Aminu Ahmed, A., Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abuh, M., Department of Geology and Mining, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria; Bulus Joseph, A., Department of Geology and Mining, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria	Agunjin area occurs in the southwestern sector of the Nigerian Basement Complex along Ajase Ipo- Igbaja road. The present study is to assess the environmental impact of mining and the extent of contaminations in the soil. Soil samples were collected at a distance of about 100-400metres in N-S and E-W direction to the mining phase in Agunjin area. Twelve Soil samples were analyzed for major oxides and trace elements using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The major element compositions of Na2O ranges from 0.26 to 0.50wt%, K2O ranges from 0.21 to 0.47wt%, Al2O3 varies from 0.85 to 1.50wt%, MgO varies from 1.51 to 2.83wt%, CaO ranges from 15.39 to 55.97wt%, Fe2O3 and MnO ranges from 0.087 to 0.28wt% and 0.093 to 0.14wt% respectively. Results from the studies revealed that the concentration of Cu ranges from 5.49 to 27.56ppm and Zn ranges from 0.33 to 6.59ppm. The high concentrations of the CaO, Zn and Cu in the soil could be linked to the elemental concentrations in the marble and other metasedimentary rocks in the area which were mechanically dispersed by the mining activities and surface erosion. These elements will eventually find their way into the drainage system leading to some contaminations and possibly bioaccumulations. Total environmental impact score of mining in the area is (-) 3850 indicating major injurious impact on environment and the excess of Mn in soil is hazardous to the people living in the area. © 2015 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.	Bioaccumulation; Ecosystem; Toxic elements; Zinc and copper	Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Ecosystems; Manganese; Manganese oxide; Soil surveys; Soils; Trace elements; Zinc; Basement complex; Drainage systems; Elemental concentrations; Metasedimentary rocks; Mining activities; Southwestern nigeria; Surface erosion; Toxic elements; Environmental impact; bioaccumulation; copper; environmental impact; geochemistry; mining; pedology; soil pollution; toxic substance; zinc; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939496139	Evaluation of Trace Metals and Physical Properties of Nigerian Crude Oil Saturate Fraction	Adebiyi F.M., Adebiyi A.Y.	2015	Petroleum Science and Technology	33	12	10.1080/10916466.2015.1065277	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adebiyi, A.Y., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Analyses of trace elements and physical properties of the saturate fraction of Nigerian crude oil were done in order to establish the characteristics that may aid the developmental processes of the natural resources. Crude oil samples were collected from three different oil fields in Niger-Delta area of Nigeria. The saturate fractions were eluted by column chromatography using n-hexane. The saturate fractions were investigated for functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR); the elemental concentrations were determined using Atomic absorption spectrometry, while the physical properties (flash point, ash content, refractive index, and color) were determined using standard analytical methods. The results revealed that the infrared spectra of the saturate fraction of the Nigerian crude oil showed mainly the presence of C-H(CH<inf>3</inf>) and C-H(CH<inf>2</inf>) functional groups, indicating high purity of the samples. The concentrations of the analyzed elements (Mn, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, V, Cr, and Ni) in the saturate fraction were generally low compared to other fractions of Nigerian crude oil. This study revealed that Co has the highest mean concentration of 1.81 ± 0.36 mg/L, while Mn has the lowest mean concentration of 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/L. The t test values for the comparison of the elemental concentrations of Nigerian crude oil /saturate fraction and crude oil asphaltene/saturate fraction showed significant difference (except Mn) with respect to Nigerian crude oil /saturate fraction. The cluster analysis for the elements showed two groups, which are fairly well correlated indicating similar source and similar chemical affinity. The cross-plot analysis of the Nigerian crude oil and its saturate using elemental concentrations as the variables showed a strong positive inter element correlation since (R2 = 0.71), establishing a relationship between the Nigerian crude oil and the saturate fraction. The color of the saturate fraction ranged from off-white to colorless. The results of analysis provide useful information on its conversion mechanism and environmental implications of the development of the fossil fuel deposit. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2015.	crude oil; functional group; physical properties; saturate; trace metal	Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Chemical analysis; Chromatography; Cluster analysis; Column chromatography; Crude oil; Fossil fuel deposits; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Functional groups; Hexane; Infrared spectroscopy; Manganese; Metal analysis; Oil fields; Physical properties; Refractive index; Spectrometry; Trace elements; Chemical affinities; Conversion mechanism; Element correlations; Elemental concentrations; Environmental implications; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; saturate; Trace metal; Petroleum analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55549100291	Hydrological impacts of flood storage and management on irrigation water abstraction in upper Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin, Kenya	Ngigi S.N., Savenije H.H.G., Gichuki F.N.	2008	Water Resources Management	22	12	10.1007/s11269-008-9257-5	Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0065, Nairobi, Kenya; Millennium Villages Project, Earth Institute at Columbia University c/o MDG Center, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka	Ngigi, S.N., Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0065, Nairobi, Kenya, Millennium Villages Project, Earth Institute at Columbia University c/o MDG Center, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Savenije, H.H.G., Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; Gichuki, F.N., Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0065, Nairobi, Kenya, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka	The upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin, which starts from the central highlands of Kenya and stretches northwards transcending different climatic zones, has experienced decreasing river flows for the last two decades. The Naro Moru sub-basin is used to demonstrate the looming water crisis in this water scarce river basin. The objective of the study was to show the extent of dry seasons' irrigation water abstractions on river flows, and to assess the hydrological impact of flood storage on temporal water distribution and irrigation water management. Decreasing river flows are attributed to over-abstraction mainly for irrigating horticultural crops. The number of abstractors has increased four times over a period of 10 years. The amount of water abstracted has also increased by 64% over the last 5 years. Moreover, the proportion of unauthorized abstractions has been increasing over the years, currently at about 80% and 95% during high and low flows respectively. This has resulted in alarming conflicts among various water users. The situation is aggravated by low irrigation efficiency (25-40%) and inadequate flood storage facilities. The paper analyzes over 40 years' observed river flow data and 5-year interval water abstraction monitoring records for 15 years. It assesses whether flood storage and management, can reduce dry seasons' irrigation water abstractions without significantly reducing river flows to affect the sustenance of natural ecosystems downstream. The results demonstrate that flood storage and management can reduce water abstraction and increase river flows during the dry seasons, without significantly reducing high flows to affect the downstream water users. However, socio-economic, hydrological and environmental implications should be considered if a sustainable river basin water resources management strategy is to be developed and implemented. The case study of Naro Moru sub-basin is representative of the situation in the other sub-basins, and hence can be taken as a pilot basin for developing an integrated water resources management strategy that will foster socio-economic development with minimal negative hydrological impacts in the water scarce upper Ewaso Ng'iro river basin. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Flood storage; Low river flows; River basin water resources management; River water withdrawals; Water conflicts	Abstracting; Curing; Digital signal processing; Drought; Evaporative cooling systems; Flow of water; Fusion reactions; Information management; Irrigation; Knowledge management; Management; Planning; Rivers; Strategic planning; Water; Water conservation; Water management; Water supply; Watersheds; Abstractors; Case studies; Different climatic zones; Dry seasons; Economic developments; Environmental implications; High flows; Horticultural crops; Hydrological impacts; Integrated water resources managements; Irrigation efficiencies; Irrigation water managements; Irrigation waters; Low flows; Low river flows; Natural ecosystems; Pilot basins; River basin water resources management; River basins; River flows; River water withdrawals; Storage facilities; Water abstractions; Water conflicts; Water crisis; Water distributions; Water resources managements; Water scarce; Water users; Water resources; flooding; horticulture; hydrological response; irrigation; resource scarcity; river flow; sustainability; water availability; water management; water use efficiency; Africa; East Africa; Ewaso Ngiro Basin; Kenya; Rift Valley; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892879479	Impacts of environmental variability on desiccation rate, plastic responses and population dynamics of Glossina pallidipes	Kleynhans E., Clusella-Trullas S., Terblanche J.S.	2014	Journal of Evolutionary Biology	27	2	10.1111/jeb.12297	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Kleynhans, E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Physiological responses to transient conditions may result in costly responses with little fitness benefits, and therefore, a trade-off must exist between the speed of response and the duration of exposure to new conditions. Here, using the puparia of an important insect disease vector, Glossina pallidipes, we examine this potential trade-off using a novel combination of an experimental approach and a population dynamics model. Specifically, we explore and dissect the interactions between plastic physiological responses, treatment-duration and -intensity using an experimental approach. We then integrate these experimental results from organismal water-balance data and their plastic responses into a population dynamics model to examine the potential relative fitness effects of simulated transient weather conditions on population growth rates. The results show evidence for the predicted trade-off for plasticity of water loss rate (WLR) and the duration of new environmental conditions. When altered environmental conditions lasted for longer durations, physiological responses could match the new environmental conditions, and this resulted in a lower WLR and lower rates of population decline. At shorter time-scales however, a mismatch between acclimation duration and physiological responses was reflected by reduced overall population growth rates. This may indicate a potential fitness cost due to insufficient time for physiological adjustments to take place. The outcomes of this work therefore suggest plastic water balance responses have both costs and benefits, and these depend on the time-scale and magnitude of variation in environmental conditions. These results are significant for understanding the evolution of plastic physiological responses and changes in population abundance in the context of environmental variability. © 2014 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.	Acclimation; Glossinidae; Plasticity; Population dynamics; Water balance	abundance; acclimation; desiccation; disease vector; entomology; environmental conditions; fly; growth rate; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population dynamics; trade-off; water budget; Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; Hexapoda; acclimatization; adaptation; animal; article; body size; desiccation; environment; evolution; fluid balance; Glossinidae; growth, development and aging; humidity; insect; physiology; plasticity; population dynamics; temperature; acclimation; Glossinidae; plasticity; population dynamics; water balance; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biological Evolution; Body Size; Desiccation; Environment; Humidity; Population Dynamics; Pupa; Temperature; Tsetse Flies	GEO-0627839, NSF, National Science Foundation
None	None	The impact on orchid species abundance of gathering their edible tubers by HIV/AIDS orphans: A case of three villages in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania	Challe J.F.X., Struik P.C.	2008	NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences	56	3	10.1016/S1573-5214(08)80011-5	Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Co-operative, Department of Research and Training, Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands	Challe, J.F.X., Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Co-operative, Department of Research and Training, Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; Struik, P.C., Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands	This paper examines the gathering of wild orchids and its effect on orchid species diversity and abundance in rural communities with high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and high numbers of orphans. The study was conducted in three villages in the Makete District of Tanzania. The study used a triangulation of ethnobotanical, anthropological and sociological methodologies. On the three gathering sites, we found a total of 12 different orchid species (7 edible and 5 non-edible ones) confirmed by an expert botanist, although local gatherers identified many more species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index significantly differed among the three gathering sites. Analyses of focus group discussions and household surveys revealed that HIV/AIDS orphans and non-orphan children were the main gatherers of wild orchids. HIV/AIDS orphans (n = 55) gathered significantly more frequently (4.1 ± 1.8 times per week) than non-orphan children (n = 49; 1.9 ± 1.3 times per week) (P < 1.01). There was a statistically significant interaction between village and type of gatherers' (P < 0.05). Scattered observations of changes in orchid species abundance over time were done using gatherers' indigenous knowledge and opinions. Orchid abundance peaked during May 2006. The study showed increasing abundance of non-edible orchid species and decreasing abundance of edible ones. There were highly significant, linear negative relationships between gathering pressure on the one hand and total number of orchid plants, total number of orchid species, number of edible orchid plants and number of edible orchid species on the other. These relationships were not statistically significant for non-edible orchids. We surmise that gathering edible orchid tubers is likely to become unsustainable, because once its tuber is harvested the plant does not recover or survive.	Chikanda; Edible orchids; Gathering pressure; Orchidaceae; Species diversity; Survival strategies	abundance; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; angiosperm; anthropogenic effect; edible species; human activity; human immunodeficiency virus; orphan; rural area; species diversity; survival; triangulation; wild population; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Orchidaceae; Tuber (truffle)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890961454	Impact of farmland use on population density and activity patterns of serval in South Africa	Ramesh T., Downs C.T.	2013	Journal of Mammalogy	94	6	10.1644/13-MAMM-A-063.1	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, South Africa	Ramesh, T., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, South Africa; Downs, C.T., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, South Africa	The Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa are experiencing unprecedented levels of habitat change. Despite the serval (Leptailurus serval) being a near-threatened wetland specialist, no studies have investigated their response to land use. To assess their abundance, we used camera trapping at 3 sites differing in intensity of farmland use with capture-recapture models. A total of 1,320 camera trap nights across the 3 sites yielded 26 and 28 servals. We detected no major difference in servals/100 km2 among the 3 sites using spatially explicit maximum-likelihood (7.6 ± 2.3; 6.5 ± 2.7; 6.5 ± 2.6) and Bayesian (7.7 ± 1.6; 6.2 ± 1.9; 6.9 ± 2.1) methods in sites A, B, and C, respectively. Servals were mainly crepuscular and nocturnal. The Mardia-Watson-Wheeler test showed significant difference in activity in A and C compared with B, whereas it showed no difference between A and C. Servals avoided activity during the day in the intensively farmed B. Abundance analysis at the broader habitat scale may not have detected variation among sites. Differences need to be tested at smaller spatial scales. The statistical approaches in this study provide the 1st robust estimation of serval population size. This estimation of a medium-sized felid with changing land use can assist their management and conservation. © 2013 American Society of Mammalogists.	Camera trap; capture-recapture models; conservation; land use; Leptailurus serval; South Africa	abundance; activity pattern; agricultural land; felid; habitat conservation; land use change; population density; population size; Drakensberg	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84455170930	Assessing the population performance of the black rhinoceros in Kruger National Park	Ferreira S.M., Greaver C.C., Knight M.H.	2011	South African Journal of Wildlife Research	41	2	10.3957/056.041.0206	Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Department of Zoology, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 601, South Africa	Ferreira, S.M., Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Greaver, C.C., Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Knight, M.H., Department of Zoology, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 601, South Africa	Small population sizes provide several challenges to conservation managers seeking to ensure species persistence and illustrating conservation success. Black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis minor, epitomizes these challenges. During October 2008 we used block surveys, estimates of availability and observer bias to calculate landscape-specific black rhino abundances in the southern parts of Kruger National Park, South Africa. We assigned age and sex to individuals, extracted an age distribution, and estimated survival and fecundity given the population growth derived from historical strip transects. The block counts, corrected for 90.3% availability bias with observers missing 3.8% of those, predicted that 627 (95% CI: 588666) black rhinos resided in the study area. The population increased at 6.75% per annum, the result of high survival and an estimated inter-calving interval of 2.45 years. Age distributions and population growth predicts that subadult males and females have the lowest annual survival, while dependent calves and adults have the highest annual survival. Precise estimates can be obtained with a 20% study area coverage using block counts. This gives coefficient of variances allowing detection of 5% growth from surveys every two years. Detecting 2% annual decline requires bi-annual surveys for 6 years. Our results illustrate that black rhinos are performing well in Kruger National Park.	age distribution; availability bias; block counts; demography; detecting trends; Diceros bicornis; monitoring; observer bias	abundance; age structure; assessment method; conservation management; demography; environmental monitoring; estimation method; fecundity; performance assessment; population size; population structure; sex ratio; species conservation; survey; survival; ungulate; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949156798	Superiority in competition for light: A crucial attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in South African savanna	Iponga D.M., Milton S.J., Richardson D.M.	2008	Journal of Arid Environments	72	5	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.001	Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Iponga, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Milton, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Invasion of ecosystems by woody alien plant species is a widespread phenomenon. Interspecific competition has often been suggested as a mechanism for replacement of one species by another, but this is rarely tested. We investigated the potential of an invasive alien tree to transform vegetation by quantifying the relative abilities of the alien tree Schinus molle and dominant native trees Acacia tortilis and Rhus lancea to compete for light when growing in association within a South African semi-arid savanna. Due to dispersal of its fruits by birds, seedlings of S. molle establish under tree canopies. Using canopy symmetry as an index of ability to compete for light, we found that the alien S. molle consistently out-competes the dominant native tree species. The results also show that pod production of A. tortilis was higher when it grew alone compared to when it grew with S. molle or R. lancea. The percentage of dead branches was higher on A. tortilis trees growing in association with the S. molle. The outcome is that the alien tree will gradually increase in abundance, changing woodland structure and ecosystem processes. Our findings provide evidence for the role of competition in the process of alien plant invasions. We suggest that S. molle, previously considered a benign naturalized species in South Africa, should be declared a noxious weed in some parts of that country. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biological invasions; Coefficient of tree symmetry (TS); Shade; Symmetry technique; Woodland structure	abundance; angiosperm; biological invasion; dominance; ecosystem structure; interspecific competition; invasive species; light availability; native species; savanna; semiarid region; Africa; Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Anacardiaceae; Aves; Hedera; Lancea; Schinus molle; Searsia lancea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50849139863	Elephant impact on dragonflies	Samways M.J., Grant P.B.C.	2008	Journal of Insect Conservation	12	5	10.1007/s10841-007-9089-2	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Post Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Samways, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Post Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Grant, P.B.C., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Post Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	African elephants and other indigenous megaherbivores have a major impact on local vegetation structure, including aquatic communities, as their big feet and large mass pound the fringes of water bodies. This disturbance is likely to have a profound influence on the structure and composition of insect assemblages in these habitats. We investigated which dragonfly (Odonata) species were tolerant of trampling by elephants and other game. Assemblage composition differed according to extremely high, very high or high disturbance levels. Dragonfly abundance was greatest where impact was high, and decreasing when disturbance became very high or extremely high. Several odonate species are well-adapted to fairly high levels of disturbance, although too much is impoverishing. Medium and low impact sites were geographically separated, and this, combined with much lower disturbance levels, had a considerable influence on promoting regional dragonfly diversity. Several regional specialist species only occurred in the geographically separated, low-impact sites. The full complement of dragonflies is present only when there is a combination of various disturbance levels combined with spatial variation. Elephant impact is similar to that of humans, with too much of either or both, leading to a species-poor, habitat-generalist dragonfly assemblage. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Dragonfly biodiversity; Elephant trampling; Parallels with human impact	abundance; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; community composition; community structure; dragonfly; spatial variation; species diversity; vegetation structure; Africa; Anisoptera (dragonflies); Elephantidae; Hexapoda; Loxodonta; Odonata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879606961	Climatic stress mediates the impacts of herbivory on plant population structure and components of individual fitness	Louthan A.M., Doak D.F., Goheen J.R., Palmer T.M., Pringle R.M.	2013	Journal of Ecology	101	4	10.1111/1365-2745.12090	Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, United States; Mpala Research Centre, PO Box 555, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya; Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, United States; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States	Louthan, A.M., Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, United States, Mpala Research Centre, PO Box 555, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya; Doak, D.F., Mpala Research Centre, PO Box 555, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya, Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States; Goheen, J.R., Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, United States, Mpala Research Centre, PO Box 555, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, United States; Palmer, T.M., Mpala Research Centre, PO Box 555, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States; Pringle, R.M., Mpala Research Centre, PO Box 555, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States	Past studies have shown that the strength of top-down herbivore control on plant physiological performance, abundance and distribution patterns can shift with abiotic stress, but it is still unclear whether herbivores generally exert stronger effects on plants in stressful or in nonstressful environments. One hypothesis suggests that herbivores' effects on plant biomass and fitness should be strongest in stressful areas, because stressed plants are less able to compensate for herbivore damage. Alternatively, herbivores may reduce plant biomass and fitness more substantially in nonstressful areas, either because plant growth rates in the absence of herbivory are higher and/or because herbivores are more abundant and diverse in nonstressful areas. We test these predictions of where herbivores should exert stronger effects by measuring individual performance, population size structure and densities of a common subshrub, Hibiscus meyeri, in a large-scale herbivore exclosure experiment arrayed across an aridity gradient in East Africa. We find support for both predictions, with herbivores exerting stronger effects on individual-level performance in arid (stressful) areas, but exerting stronger effects on population size structure and abundance in mesic (nonstressful) areas. We suggest that this discrepancy arises from higher potential growth rates in mesic areas, where alleviation of herbivory leads to substantially more growth and thus large changes in population size structure. Differences in herbivore abundance do not appear to contribute to our results. Synthesis. Our work suggests that understanding the multiple facets of plant response to herbivores (e.g. both individual performance and abundance) may be necessary to predict how plant species' abundance and distribution patterns will shift in response to changing climate and herbivore numbers. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2013 British Ecological Society.	Aridity; Climate change; Plant distributions; Plant-herbivore interactions; Population dynamics; Savannas; Stress gradients	abundance; aridity; climate change; climate effect; fitness; phytomass; plant-herbivore interaction; population size; savanna; East Africa; Hibiscus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876435776	Impact of Prosopis invasion on a keystone tree species in the Kalahari Desert	Schachtschneider K., February E.C.	2013	Plant Ecology	214	4	10.1007/s11258-013-0192-z	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Schachtschneider, K., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; February, E.C., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa	Several Prosopis species were introduced into South Africa in the last century. Since then two species, Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana and Prosopisvelutina have invaded large parts of arid southern Africa. Here, we examine the extent to which increased mortality of Acacia erioloba, a keystone species in the Kalahari Desert, can be attributed to competition for water with Prosopis. We do this for A. erioloba and Prosopis sp. at invaded, as well as cleared sites through a determination of species abundance, canopy vitality, plant water stress and plant water source. Our stable isotope results show that in the riparian zone both A. erioloba and Prosopis are using the same water source. Our results also show that there is a 50 % increase in canopy dieback of A. erioloba in the invaded river plots relative to the cleared river plots. This dieback cannot be related to changes in rainfall and temperature as there were no adverse fluctuations (drought) in the weather in the 10 years preceding our study. We speculate that because A. erioloba is more water stressed in the invaded river plot this increase in mortality and dieback is related to plant moisture stress that is not related to climate but to competition for water with Prosopis. Our study gives strong support for the eradication of Prosopis from rivers in arid parts of Southern Africa. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia erioloba; Alien invasive; Kalahari Desert; Keystone species; Prosopis; Water	abundance; arid region; biological invasion; dicotyledon; dieback; ecological impact; keystone species; mortality; riparian zone; stable isotope; water stress; Kalahari Desert; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Prosopis; Prosopis glandulosa; Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049138745	Impacts of large herbivorous mammals on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna	Ogada D.L., Gadd M.E., Ostfeld R.S., Young T.P., Keesing F.	2008	Oecologia	156	2	10.1007/s00442-008-0994-1	Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of International Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ARLSQ 730, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Bard College, Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504, United States	Ogada, D.L., Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Gadd, M.E., Division of International Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ARLSQ 730, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Ostfeld, R.S., Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States; Young, T.P., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Keesing, F., Bard College, Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504, United States	Large native mammals are declining dramatically in abundance across Africa, with strong impacts on both plant and animal community dynamics. However, the net effects of this large-scale loss in megafauna are poorly understood because responses by several ecologically important groups have not been assessed. We used a large-scale, replicated exclusion experiment in Kenya to investigate the impacts of different guilds of native and domestic large herbivores on the diversity and abundance of birds over a 2-year period. The exclusion of large herbivorous native mammals, including zebras (Equus burchelli), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), elephants (Loxodonta africana), and buffalos (Syncerus caffer), increased the diversity of birds by 30%. Most of this effect was attributable to the absence of elephants and giraffes; these megaherbivores reduced both the canopy area of subdominant woody vegetation and the biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods, and both of these factors were good predictors of the diversity of birds. The canopy area of subdominant trees was positively correlated with the diversity of granivorous birds. The biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods was positively correlated with the diversity of insectivorous birds. Our results suggest that most native large herbivores are compatible with an abundant and diverse bird fauna, as are cattle if they are at a relatively low stocking rate. Future research should focus on determining the spatial arrangements and densities of megaherbivores that will optimize both megaherbivore abundance and bird diversity. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Bird diversity; Cattle; Indirect effects; Kenya; Livestock; Megaherbivore	abundance; arthropod; bird; canopy; cattle; community dynamics; herbivore; livestock; mammal; plant community; savanna; species diversity; analysis of variance; animal; article; biodiversity; bird; ecosystem; feeding behavior; food chain; Kenya; mammal; physiology; population density; regression analysis; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biodiversity; Birds; Ecosystem; Feeding Behavior; Food Chain; Kenya; Mammals; Population Density; Regression Analysis; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia; Arthropoda; Aves; Bos; Bubalus; Elephantidae; Equidae; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Giraffidae; Loxodonta africana; Mammalia; Syncerus caffer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52649115262	Participatory assessment of the South African abalone resource and its impact on predicted population trajectories	Edwards C.T.T., Plagányi É.E.	2008	South African Journal of Science	104	42496	None	Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Edwards, C.T.T., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Plagányi, É.E., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Illegal harvesting is a cause for concern in many of the world's fisheries. Over the last decade, the abalone resource in South Africa has come under severe fishing pressure, largely because of increased and unmitigated levels of poaching. The unqualified illegal exploitation of this resource is a major impediment to management, because understanding of abalone population dynamics is affected. Incorrect assessments of population abundance could lead to inadequate attempts by management to stem the decline. Here, population trends along the west coast of South Africa are investigated. A simple discrete-time logistic model was used to estimate parameters within a maximum likelihood statistical framework by fitting to available catch rate data. To address the problem of unknown levels of illegal catch, interview data were collected on non-commercial catch trends and the model was structured to allow this catch to be estimated during the fitting process. The results show that such a participatory approach to stock assessment can lead to an improved understanding of resource dynamics, illustrating the benefit this approach may have for management.	None	abundance; assessment method; catch statistics; exploitation; fishery management; fishing; gastropod; harvesting; participatory approach; population dynamics; prediction; stock assessment; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Haliotidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920437223	Towards collective circum-antarctic passive acoustic monitoring: The southern ocean hydrophone network (SOHN)	Van Opzeeland I., Samaran F., Stafford K.M., Findlay K., Gedamke J., Harris D., Miller B.S.	2014	Polarforschung	83	2	None	Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; PELAGIS Observatory CNRS-UMS 3462, University of la Rochelle, France; Applied Physics Lab University of Washington SeattleWA, United States; Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acoustics Program, Office of Science and Technology, United States; Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom; Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia	Van Opzeeland, I., Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Samaran, F., PELAGIS Observatory CNRS-UMS 3462, University of la Rochelle, France; Stafford, K.M., Applied Physics Lab University of Washington SeattleWA, United States; Findlay, K., Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Gedamke, J., National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acoustics Program, Office of Science and Technology, United States; Harris, D., Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom; Miller, B.S., Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia	The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (SORP) is an international research program initiated within the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 2009 to promote collaborative cetacean research, develop nov el research techniques, and conduct non-lethal research on whales in the Southern Ocean (CHILDERHOUSE 2009). One of the original research projects of the SORP is the Blue and Fin Whale Acoustic Trends Project, which aims to implement a long term passive acoustic research program to examine trends in Antarctic blue (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) and fin whale (B. physalus) abundance, distribution, and seasonal presence in the Southern Ocean through the use of a network of passive acoustic recorders: the Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN). Networks of widely spaced passive acoustic recorders can provide insights in spatio-temporal patterns of the presence and properties of whale calls as well as the potential to monitor trends in Antarctic blue and fin whale abundance. The SOHN will consist of a network of autonomous underwater acoustic re cording stations surrounding the Antarctic continent with each site remaining active throughout the 10-year duration of the project. In addition to circum polar coverage, high priority will be given towards achieving simultaneous temporal coverage, especially in the early years of the project. While logis tical constraints may prevent uniform distribution of SOHN recording sites around the continent, the Acoustic Trends Working group (ATW) aims to have at least one recording site in each of the six IWC management areas (i.e., one per 60° longitudinal wedge). International collaboration and coordination are imperative to achieve the project goals due to the high cost of Antarctic research as well as the broad spatial and temporal scales over which the SOHN will span. Furthermore, standardization of data is paramount for accurate and efficient analysis and interpretation of SOHN data. To facilitate international participation in the SOHN, this document provides practical recommendations to guide and support passive acoustic data of project as well as technical and logistic information and recommendations regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse collection in Antarctic waters. This whitepaper addresses a wide audience, ranging from scientists from different disciplines with access to instrumenttation and/or infrastructure to collect passive acoustic data in the Southern Ocean, to ship operators or other parties that can provide logistic support to make the SOHN a reality. Background information and an outline of the sci entific aims of project as well as technical and logistic information and re commendations regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse audience coming from different backgrounds with widely differing levels of experience with the applications and use of passive acoustic instrumentation. By providing the information relevant for SOHN from the ground up, we aim that this document contributes to increase aware ness and participation by a broad range of partner nations and organizations in the SOHN and Acoustic Trends Projects.	None	abundance; autonomous underwater vehicle; bioacoustics; biomonitoring; cetacean; hydrophone; population distribution; spatiotemporal analysis; standardization; Southern Ocean; Balaenoptera musculus intermedia; Balaenoptera physalus; Cetacea	None
None	None	Evaluation of Serangium n. sp. (Col., Coccinellidae), a predator of Bemisia tabaci (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on cassava	Asiimwe P., Ecaat J.S., Guershon M., Kyamanywa S., Gerling D., Legg J.P.	2007	Journal of Applied Entomology	131	2	10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01122.x	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda	Asiimwe, P., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Ecaat, J.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda; Guershon, M., Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Kyamanywa, S., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Gerling, D., Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Legg, J.P., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom	The potential of a new, previously unidentified Serangium species (Col., Coccinellidae) to control the high Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hom., Aleyrodidae) populations on cassava was evaluated. Field and laboratory studies were carried out to determine the abundance and feeding capacity of this Serangium species feeding on B. tabaci on cassava. Serangium nymphs and adults were most abundant in cassava fields late in the season, rising sharply from 5 months after planting (MAP) to a peak at 7-8 MAP. Pre-imaginal development averaged 21.2 days and was longest in eggs and shortest in the L1 instar. Mean total prey consumption of immature Serangium increased with the stage of development with the lowest consumption in the L1 instar and highest in the L4 instar. Mean daily consumption was lowest on the first day after hatching in the L1 instar and rose to a peak on the 13th day after hatching in the L4 instar. Each Serangium larva consumed a mean of over 1000 nymphs during its entire development. These results have demonstrated the potential of this Serangium species to control B. tabaci populations on cassava. © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation 2007 Blackwell Verlag.	Biological control; Pre-imaginal development; Prey abundance; Prey consumption	abundance; beetle; biological control; cassava; crop damage; developmental biology; host plant; host-parasitoid interaction; pest species; potential biocontrol agent; whitefly; Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Coccinellidae; Manihot esculenta; Serangium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893657486	Projecting the impacts of climate change on skipjack tuna abundance and spatial distribution	Dueri S., Bopp L., Maury O.	2014	Global Change Biology	20	3	10.1111/gcb.12460	UMR 212 EME, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Sète, France; Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA-UVSQ-CNRS, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; ICEMASA, Department of Ocenography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Dueri, S., UMR 212 EME, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Sète, France; Bopp, L., Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA-UVSQ-CNRS, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Maury, O., UMR 212 EME, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Sète, France, ICEMASA, Department of Ocenography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Climate-induced changes in the physical, chemical, and biological environment are expected to increasingly stress marine ecosystems, with important consequences for fisheries exploitation. Here, we use the APECOSM-E numerical model (Apex Predator ECOSystem Model - Estimation) to evaluate the future impacts of climate change on the physiology, spatial distribution, and abundance of skipjack tuna, the worldwide most fished species of tropical tuna. The main novelties of our approach lie in the mechanistic link between environmental factors, metabolic rates, and behavioral responses and in the fully three dimensional representation of habitat and population abundance. Physical and biogeochemical fields used to force the model are provided by the last generation of the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model run from 1990 to 2100 under a 'business-as-usual' scenario (RCP8.5). Our simulations show significant changes in the spatial distribution of skipjack tuna suitable habitat, as well as in their population abundance. The model projects deterioration of skipjack habitat in most tropical waters and an improvement of habitat at higher latitudes. The primary driver of habitat changes is ocean warming, followed by food density changes. Our projections show an increase of global skipjack biomass between 2010 and 2050 followed by a marked decrease between 2050 and 2095. Spawning rates are consistent with population trends, showing that spawning depends primarily on the adult biomass. On the other hand, growth rates display very smooth temporal changes, suggesting that the ability of skipjack to keep high metabolic rates in the changing environment is generally effective. Uncertainties related to our model spatial resolution, to the lack or simplification of key processes and to the climate forcings are discussed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	APECOSM-E; Atlantic Ocean; Global warming; Indian Ocean; Katsuwonus pelamis; Pacific Ocean; Scenario; Tropical tuna	abundance; behavioral response; climate change; environmental disturbance; environmental factor; finfish; global warming; numerical model; population dynamics; spatial distribution; Atlantic Ocean; Indian Ocean; Pacific Ocean; Katsuwonus; Katsuwonus pelamis; Pelamis; Scombridae; animal; APECOSM-E; article; Atlantic Ocean; climate change; ecosystem; greenhouse effect; Indian Ocean; Katsuwonus pelamis; Pacific Ocean; physiology; population density; population dynamics; scenario; theoretical model; tropical tuna; tuna; APECOSM-E; Atlantic Ocean; global warming; Indian Ocean; Katsuwonus pelamis; Pacific Ocean; scenario; tropical tuna; Animals; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Models, Theoretical; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Tuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749107747	Environmental impact of oil exploration on the crustacean zooplankton of Osse River, Southern Nigeria	Omoigberale M.O., Ogbeibu A.E.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	50	4	None	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Omoigberale, M.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ogbeibu, A.E., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The impact of crude oil exploration on the crustacean zooplankton of Osse River, Edo State (Nigeria) was investigated at five sites between July 2000 and June 2002. Cladocera accounted for 60.85% of the total number of organisms collected from all the five stations, while Copepoda contributed 39.15%. Chydoridae, the only cladoceran family was represented by 11 taxa of two subfamilies, Aloninae (7) and Chydorinae (4). The overall abundance of Cladocera was significantly different (P < 0.05) among the stations. posteriori Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) test showed that the abundance of Cladocera was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 3 stations, whereas, Copepod abundance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 2 stations. The diversity indices revealed the highest and the lowest taxa richness, while Shannon-Wiener and Evenness indices were higher in 3 stations. The temporal dynamics revealed higher faunal abundance during the dry season.	Bio-diversity; Crustacea; Fresh water; Nigerian river environment; Oil exploration impact; Zooplankton	abundance; biodiversity; crude oil; crustacean; environmental impact; oil production; pollution effect; river water; species richness; temporal variation; zooplankton; Africa; Edo; Nigeria; Osse River; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Chydoridae; Cladocera; Copepoda; Crustacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929659246	Distributon and impact of the alien anemone Sagarta ornata in the West Coast Natonal Park	Robinson T.B., Swart C.	2015	Koedoe	57	1	10.4102/koedoe.v57i1.1246	Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Robinson, T.B., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Swart, C., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Sagartia ornata is an alien anemone that occurs intertidally within the West Coast National Park (WCNP). Whilst baseline distributional data was gathered in 2001, the range and abundance of this alien has not been reassessed. The present study aimed to determine the current status and distribution of this anemone, to assess its diet so as to establish the role it may play as predator and to investigate its impact on sandy-shore communities. Sagartia ornata was found to be restricted to the WCNP, where it occurred in densities of up to 508 ± 218 individuals per m2. Within the park the distribution of this anemone had changed. Populations were recorded in Nanozostera capensis seagrass beds for the frst time and this alien was absent from two areas in which it had previously occurred. Diet analysis revealed indigenous polychaetes and amphipods as the dominant prey items consumed by S. ornata. This alien was found to signifcantly alter sandy-shore community structure, with differences caused primarily by increases in the abundance and biomass of the tanaid Anatanais gracilis and the polychaete Orbinia angrapequensis. Additionally, invaded areas supported signifcantly greater invertebrate diversity, density and biomass. It is concluded that whilst this anemone negatively affects native biota, its current dependence on restricted habitats precludes widespread impacts with the park. Conservation implications: With regard to conservation implications, this invasion should be routinely monitored outside the WCNP as in its native range S. ornata occurs on rocky shores and kelp holdfasts, suggesting a potential for spread along the west coast of South Africa. © 2015. The Authors.	None	abundance; biological invasion; introduced species; polyp; rocky shore; seagrass; sessile species; spatial distribution; South Africa; West Coast National Park; Western Cape; Amphipoda; Anemone; Invertebrata; Orbinia; Polychaeta; Sagartia ornata; Tanaidae; Zeuxo phytalensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932122751	Population density modifies the ecological impacts of invasive species	Jackson M.C., Ruiz-Navarro A., Britton J.R.	2015	Oikos	124	7	10.1111/oik.01661	School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth Univ., Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept of Zoology and Entomology, Univ. of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Depto de Zoología y Antropología Física, Univ. de Murcia, Murcia, Spain	Jackson, M.C., School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth Univ., Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom, Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept of Zoology and Entomology, Univ. of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Ruiz-Navarro, A., School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth Univ., Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom, Depto de Zoología y Antropología Física, Univ. de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Britton, J.R., School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth Univ., Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom	In assessments of ecological impact in invasion ecology, most studies compare un-invaded sites with highly invaded sites, representing the 'worst-case scenario', and so there is little information on how impact is modified by the population density of the invader. Here, we assess how ecological impact is modified by population density through the experimental development of density-impact curves for a model invasive fish. Using replicated mesocosms and the highly invasive Pseudorasbora parva as the model, we quantified how their population density influenced their diet composition and their impacts on invertebrate communities and ecosystem processes. The density-impact curves revealed both linear and non-linear density-impact relationships. The relationship between P. parva density and zooplankton body mass was represented by a low-threshold curve, where their impact was higher at low densities than predicted by a linear relationship. In contrast, whilst the relationship between density and zooplankton biomass and abundance was also non-linear, it was high-threshold, indicating a lower impact than a linear relationship would predict. Impacts on diversity and phytoplankton standing stock were linear and impacts on benthic invertebrate abundance and decomposition rates were represented by s-shaped curves. These relationships were underpinned by P. parva dietary analyses that revealed increasing reliance on zooplankton as density increased due to depletion of other resources. We caution against the common assumption that ecological impact increases linearly with invader density and suggest that increased understanding of the relationship between invader population density and ecological impact can avoid under-investment in the management of invaders that cause severe problems at low densities. © 2014 The Authors.	None	abundance; biomass; body mass; cyprinid; diet; ecological impact; invasive species; life history trait; population density; resource allocation; zooplankton; Invertebrata; Pseudorasbora parva	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937009289	Quantifying the projected impact of the South African sardine fishery on the Robben Island penguin colony	Robinson W.M.L., Butterworth D.S., Plagányi É.E.	2015	ICES Journal of Marine Science	72	6	10.1093/icesjms/fsv035	Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Robinson, W.M.L., Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Butterworth, D.S., Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Plagányi, É.E., Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Quantitative methods are needed to evaluate the ecological effects of fishing forage species upon which predators depend. African penguin Spheniscus demersus numbers at the Robben Island colony rose during the 1990s co-incidental with a marked increase in sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus abundances, but decreased appreciably during the 2000s as sardine suffered a series of poor recruitments. A population dynamics model is developed which relates penguin adult annual mortality to local sardine biomass, and is fit to penguin moult counts and re-sightings of tagged penguins. The predator-prey interaction is best explained by a sardine-penguin mortality relationship with average penguin survival decreasing only when the local sardine biomass is less than approximately one-quarter of the maximum observed. Results suggest that the rapid growth of the colony during the 1990s was driven primarily by immigration. Penguin projections are generated by linking to future sardine abundances predicted under the operational management procedure used to set catch limits for these sardine and anchovy fisheries, and compared with equivalent scenarios without fishing. Results indicate that fishing is likely to have a relatively small impact on penguins, especially when compared with uncertainties that arise from the variable spatial distribution of the sardine population. © 2015 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved.	African penguin; ecosystem approach; fishing impact on predators; forage fish; predator-prey interaction; sardine; Spheniscus demersus	abundance; biomass; clupeoid; clupeoid fishery; fishery modeling; foraging behavior; growth rate; mortality; predator-prey interaction; recruitment (population dynamics); seabird; spatial distribution; survival; Robben Island; South Africa; Western Cape; Engraulidae; Engraulis encrasicolus; Sardinops sagax; Spheniscidae; Spheniscus demersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886729692	The impact of non-native rainbow trout within Afro-montane streams in eastern Zimbabwe	Kadye W.T., Chakona A., Marufu L.T., Samukange T.	2013	Hydrobiologia	720	1	10.1007/s10750-013-1624-4	Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Kadye, W.T., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Chakona, A., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Marufu, L.T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Samukange, T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Non-native trout species have been associated with many negative effects in receiving ecosystems. The first aim of this study was to determine the impact of non-native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on distribution and abundance of native mountain catfish Amphilius uranoscopus within Afro-montane streams in Nyanga Mountains, eastern Zimbabwe. The second aim was to compare macro-invertebrate community responses to the presence of the trout and the catfish. We examined trout impact on catfish's habitat associations, whereas macro-invertebrate composition was compared using open fish and fish exclosure experiments in habitats with and without trout. Trout influenced both the distribution and abundance of the catfish that occupied shallow reaches possibly to avoid predation from trout that occurred in the deeper habitats. Within trout invaded reaches, most macro-invertebrate taxa were more abundant in exclosure than open treatments. By contrast, within trout-free reaches, most macro-invertebrates either did not differ between treatments or were generally more abundant in open than exclosure treatments. This suggests that the macro-invertebrate communities responded differently within invaded and non-invaded reaches. By influencing distribution and abundance of native biota, non-native rainbow trout may have wider ecological effects, such as influencing trophic interrelationships within invaded habitats. © 2013 The Author(s).	Amphilius uranoscopus; Invasions; Macro-invertebrates; Physical habitat; Rainbow trout	abundance; biota; fish; habitat; macroinvertebrate; mountain; predation; stream; Zimbabwe; Amphilius uranoscopus; Invertebrata; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmonidae	BES, British Ecological Society
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347237636	Impacts of a South African coastal golf estate on shrubland bird communities	Fox S.-J.C., Hockey P.A.R.	2007	South African Journal of Science	103	42371	None	DST/NHF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Fox, S.-J.C., DST/NHF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hockey, P.A.R., DST/NHF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Golf courses and estates are one form of development threatening coastal vegetation in South Africa's Cape Floristic Region. They occupy substantial tracts of land, fragmenting indigenous vegetation. This study investigates the effects on bird community structure and function of replacing natural Strandveld vegetation with a 170-ha golf estate in which 46 ha of Strandveld vegetation was retained in conditions ranging from pristine to moderately degraded. Bird assemblages of the remaining Strandveld patches in the golf estate were compared with those of an adjacent Strandveld conservation area. Field work was conducted during the birds' breeding season, in October and November 2005. The golf estate was more species rich overall, but many species were uncommon, several were present only as a consequence of the creation of new habitats, and species were not evenly distributed across the remaining Strandveld fragments. Bird diversity and abundance were significantly higher in the adjacent conservation area. It is estimated that more than 8500 individual birds were displaced by construction of the golf estate and four Strandveld species were not represented at all within the estate. Within the estate, species richness rose with increasing Strandveld patch size and the minimum area of continuous pristine vegetation required to maintain the natural species assemblage was estimated at 51 ha. The golf estate was characterized by a high proportion of generalist and granivorous species, but at the cost of reduced numbers of frugivores and nectarivores. Energy flow through the bird communities in the two areas was thus markedly different, and pollination and fruit dispersal potential within the golf estate were reduced substantially. Golf courses and golf estates inevitably will not substitute for the natural habitats they have replaced, but careful design with input from ecological theory can reduce the adverse effects of fragmentation.	None	abundance; bird; breeding season; coastal zone; community structure; golf course; habitat fragmentation; patch size; pristine environment; protected area; species diversity; species richness; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62249098547	Coefficient shifts in geographical ecology: An empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial regression	Bini L.M., Diniz-Filho J.A.F., Rangel T.F.L.V.B., Akre T.S.B., Albaladejo R.G., Albuquerque F.S., Aparicio A., Araújo M.B., Baselga A., Beck J., Bellocq M.I., Böhning-Gaese K., Borges P.A.V., Castro-Parga I., Chey V.K., Chown S.L., De Marco Jr. P., Dobkin	2009	Ecography	32	2	10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05717.x	Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood Univ., Farmville, VA 23909, United States; Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept of Environmental Sciences, Inst. of Biogeography, Univ. of Basel, St.Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Depto de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, CITA A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Terra Cha, PT- 9700-851 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Acores, Portugal; Depto de Ecologia C/Darwin 2, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre of Sabah, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Malaysia; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univ., Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; High Desert Ecological Research Inst., 15 S.W. Colorado Ave., Bend, OR 97702, United States; Area de Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Univ. de Salamanca, ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain; School of Geography, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, United States; NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Dept of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; Dept of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Depto de Ecologia y Sistematica Terrestre, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Av. Periferico Sur s/n, San Cristobal de Chiapas 29290, Mexico; Depto de Biologia, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; IRD, DMPA, Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, FR-75005 Paris, France; Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion (CIDE, CSIC), Apartado Oficial, ES-46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain; Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, United States; Center for Macroecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; UNIFOB Global, Univ. of Bergen, NO-5015 Bergen, Norway; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	Bini, L.M., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Rangel, T.F.L.V.B., Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood Univ., Farmville, VA 23909, United States; Akre, T.S.B., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Albaladejo, R.G., Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Albuquerque, F.S., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Aparicio, A., Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Araújo, M.B., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Baselga, A., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Beck, J., Dept of Environmental Sciences, Inst. of Biogeography, Univ. of Basel, St.Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Bellocq, M.I., Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Böhning-Gaese, K., Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Borges, P.A.V., Depto de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, CITA A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Terra Cha, PT- 9700-851 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Acores, Portugal; Castro-Parga, I., Depto de Ecologia C/Darwin 2, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Chey, V.K., Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre of Sabah, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Malaysia; Chown, S.L., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univ., Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; De Marco Jr., P., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Dobkin, D.S., High Desert Ecological Research Inst., 15 S.W. Colorado Ave., Bend, OR 97702, United States; Ferrer-Castán, D., Area de Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Univ. de Salamanca, ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Field, R., School of Geography, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Filloy, J., Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fleishman, E., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, United States; Gómez, J.F., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Hortal, J., NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Iverson, J.B., Dept of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Kerr, J.T., Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; Kissling, W.D., Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Kitching, I.J., Dept of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; León-Cortés, J.L., Depto de Ecologia y Sistematica Terrestre, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Av. Periferico Sur s/n, San Cristobal de Chiapas 29290, Mexico; Lobo, J.M., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Montoya, D., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Morales-Castilla, I., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Moreno, J.C., Depto de Biologia, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Oberdorff, T., IRD, DMPA, Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, FR-75005 Paris, France; Olalla-Tárraga, M.A., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Pausas, J.G., Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion (CIDE, CSIC), Apartado Oficial, ES-46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain; Qian, H., Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, United States; Rahbek, C., Center for Macroecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Rodríguez, M.A., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Rueda, M., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ruggiero, A., Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Sackmann, P., Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Sanders, N.J., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Terribile, L.C., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Vetaas, O.R., UNIFOB Global, Univ. of Bergen, NO-5015 Bergen, Norway; Hawkins, B.A., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	A major focus of geographical ecology and macroecology is to understand the causes of spatially structured ecological patterns. However, achieving this understanding can be complicated when using multiple regression, because the relative importance of explanatory variables, as measured by regression coefficients, can shift depending on whether spatially explicit or non-spatial modeling is used. However, the extent to which coefficients may shift and why shifts occur are unclear. Here, we analyze the relationship between environmental predictors and the geographical distribution of species richness, body size, range size and abundance in 97 multi-factorial data sets. Our goal was to compare standardized partial regression coefficients of non-spatial ordinary least squares regressions (i.e. models fitted using ordinary least squares without taking autocorrelation into account; "OLS models" hereafter) and eight spatial methods to evaluate the frequency of coefficient shifts and identify characteristics of data that might predict when shifts are likely. We generated three metrics of coefficient shifts and eight characteristics of the data sets as predictors of shifts. Typical of ecological data, spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of OLS models was found in most data sets. The spatial models varied in the extent to which they minimized residual spatial autocorrelation. Patterns of coefficient shifts also varied among methods and datasets, although the magnitudes of shifts tended to be small in all cases. We were unable to identify strong predictors of shifts, including the levels of autocorrelation in either explanatory variables or model residuals. Thus, changes in coefficients between spatial and non-spatial methods depend on the method used and are largely idiosyncratic, making it difficult to predict when or why shifts occur. We conclude that the ecological importance of regression coefficients cannot be evaluated with confidence irrespective of whether spatially explicit modelling is used or not. Researchers may have little choice but to be more explicit about the uncertainty of models and more cautious in their interpretation. © 2009 Ecography.	None	abundance; body size; data set; least squares method; macroecology; range size; regression analysis; species richness	None
None	None	Evaluation of four modelling techniques to predict the potential distribution of ticks using indigenous cattle infestations as calibration data	Zeman P., Lynen G.	2006	Experimental and Applied Acarology	39	2	10.1007/s10493-006-9001-x	Medical Laboratories, Konevova 205, 130 00 Prague-3, Czech Republic; Veterinary Investigation Centre, 1068, Arusha, Tanzania	Zeman, P., Medical Laboratories, Konevova 205, 130 00 Prague-3, Czech Republic; Lynen, G., Veterinary Investigation Centre, 1068, Arusha, Tanzania	Efficient tick and tick-borne disease control is a major goal in the efforts to improve the livestock industry in developing countries. To gain a better understanding of the distribution and abundance of livestock ticks under changing environmental conditions, a country-wide field survey of tick infestations on indigenous cattle was recently carried out in Tanzania. This paper evaluates four models to generate tick predictive maps including areas between the localities that were surveyed. Four techniques were compared: (1) linear discriminant analysis, (2) quadratic discriminant analysis, (3) generalised regression analysis, and (4) the weights-of-evidence method. Inter-model comparison was accomplished with a data-set of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks and a set of predictor variables covering monthly mean temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). The data-set of tick records was divided into two equal subsets one of which was utilised for model fitting and the other for evaluation, and vice versa, in two independent experiments. For each locality the probability of tick occurrence was predicted and compared with the proportion of infested animals observed in the field; overall predictive success was measured with mean squared difference (MSD). All models exhibited a relatively good performance in configurations with optimised sets of predictors. The linear discriminant model had the least predictive success (MSD≥0.210), whereas the accuracy increased in the quadratic discriminant (MSD≥0.197) and generalised regression models (MSD≥0.173). The best predictions were gained with the weights-of-evidence model (MSD≥0.141). Theoretical as well as practical aspects of all models were taken into account. In summary, the weights-of-evidence model was considered to be the best option for the purpose of predictive mapping of the risk of infestation of Tanzanian indigenous cattle. A detailed description of the implementation of this model is provided in an annex to this paper. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.	GIS; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; Statistical prediction; Tanzanian indigenous cattle; Tick distribution maps; Weights of evidence	abundance; calibration; cattle; comparative study; discriminant analysis; disease control; distribution system; ecological modeling; environmental conditions; livestock farming; NDVI; regression analysis; tick; animal; animal disease; article; biological model; cattle; cattle disease; discriminant analysis; evaluation; parasitology; regression analysis; Rhipicephalus; statistical model; Tanzania; tick infestation; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Discriminant Analysis; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Regression Analysis; Rhipicephalus; Tanzania; Tick Infestations; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Acari; Animalia; Bos taurus; Ixodida; Rhipicephalus; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875076653	Impacts of past habitat loss and future climate change on the range dynamics of South African Proteaceae	Sarmento Cabral J., Jeltsch F., Thuiller W., Higgins S., Midgley G.F., Rebelo A.G., Rouget M., Schurr F.M.	2013	Diversity and Distributions	19	4	10.1111/ddi.12011	Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany; University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Laboratoire D'Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, Grenoble cedex 9, 38041, France; Institute for Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt/Main, 60438, Germany; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environment Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. Pvt Bag X101, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Biodiversity Planning Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x101, Pretoria, South Africa; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France	Sarmento Cabral, J., Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Jeltsch, F., Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany; Thuiller, W., Laboratoire D'Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, Grenoble cedex 9, 38041, France; Higgins, S., Institute for Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Altenhöferallee 1, Frankfurt/Main, 60438, Germany; Midgley, G.F., South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa, School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environment Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus. Pvt Bag X101, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Rebelo, A.G., South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; Rouget, M., Biodiversity Planning Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x101, Pretoria, South Africa; Schurr, F.M., Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, 14469, Germany, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier cedex 5, France	Aim: To assess how habitat loss and climate change interact in affecting the range dynamics of species and to quantify how predicted range dynamics depend on demographic properties of species and the severity of environmental change. Location: South African Cape Floristic Region. Methods: We use data-driven demographic models to assess the impacts of past habitat loss and future climate change on range size, range filing and abundances of eight species of woody plants (Proteaceae). The species-specific models employ a hybrid approach that simulates population dynamics and long-distance dispersal on top of expected spatio-temporal dynamics of suitable habitat. Results: Climate change was mainly predicted to reduce range size and range filling (because of a combination of strong habitat shifts with low migration ability). In contrast, habitat loss mostly decreased mean local abundance. For most species and response measures, the combination of habitat loss and climate change had the most severe effect. Yet, this combined effect was mostly smaller than expected from adding or multiplying effects of the individual environmental drivers. This seems to be because climate change shifts suitable habitats to regions less affected by habitat loss. Interspecific variation in range size responses depended mostly on the severity of environmental change, whereas responses in range filling and local abundance depended mostly on demographic properties of species. While most surviving populations concentrated in areas that remain climatically suitable, refugia for multiple species were overestimated by simply overlying habitat models and ignoring demography. Main conclusions: Demographic models of range dynamics can simultaneously predict the response of range size, abundance and range filling to multiple drivers of environmental change. Demographic knowledge is particularly needed to predict abundance responses and to identify areas that can serve as biodiversity refugia under climate change. These findings highlight the need for data-driven, demographic assessments in conservation biogeography. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biodiversity refugia; CFR Proteaceae; Climate change; Demographic properties; Habitat loss; Local abundances; Process-based range models; Range filling; Range size; Species distribution models	abundance; Cape Floristic Region; climate change; demography; dicotyledon; dispersal; environmental impact assessment; geographical distribution; habitat loss; population dynamics; range size; refugium; South Africa; Proteaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250632045	Impact of harvesting practices on nematode communities and yield of sugarcane	Berry S., Spaull V.W., Cadet P.	2007	Crop Protection	26	8	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.022	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	Berry, S., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Spaull, V.W., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Cadet, P., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa, IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	On the sandy soils in South Africa damage by plant parasitic nematodes to sugarcane occurs equally in both the plant and ratoon crops. In Australia and Burkina Faso, ratoon crops are less susceptible than plant crops. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether differences in stubble or stool size, resulting from the different harvesting practices in Australia, Burkina Faso and South Africa, affected yield loss in ratoon crops under South African conditions. The Australian hilling up method (producing a larger below-ground stool) had little effect on nematode abundance and population structure but did exhibit reduced yield loss from nematodes in ratoon crops. A large above-ground stubble (similar to that produced by the Burkina Faso harvest method), on its own, was not associated with reduced yield loss. However when a pretrashing treatment was performed just before harvest, then a significant reduction in yield loss occurred in the following crop. Harvest procedures that produced an above-ground stubble were associated with a significantly altered nematode community structure, with increased relative proportions of Helicotylenchus dihystera and decreased proportions of Xiphinema elongatum. Such nematode communities are known to be less pathogenic to sugarcane. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Harvesting practice; Hilling up; Nematodes; Stool; Stubble; Sugarcane	abundance; community structure; crop yield; harvesting; nematode; parasite; population structure; stubble; sugar cane; Africa; Australasia; Australia; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Helicotylenchus dishystera; Nematoda; Xiphinema elongatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874444327	Impacts of forest management on liana abundance and liana-tree relationships in a tropical forest in Malaysia and implications for conservation	Addo-Fordjour P., Rahmad Z.B., Asyraf M.	2013	International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management	9	1	10.1080/21513732.2012.714798	School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Rahmad, Z.B., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Asyraf, M., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia	This study analysed the impact of the Malayan Uniform management System (MUS) on liana abundance and their relationship with trees in the Bukit Panchor Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Two types of MUS-treated forest, medium-term MUS (M-MUS) and long-term MUS (L-MUS), were identified based on the management time span (19 and 42 years, respectively). Trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were identified and examined for liana presence (diameter ≥ 2 cm) in ten 40 m × 40 m plots within each forest. Tree seedling and sapling abundance were also determined in a randomly selected 20 m × 20 m subplot within each plot. Liana abundance and infestation rates were significantly higher in the untreated forest than under the M-MUS, although they did not differ from those under the L-MUS. Tree diameter related significantly with liana load and basal area in all the forests except the M-MUS, which contained relatively more uniform diameter trees. Reduction in liana abundance and infestation in the treated forests favoured natural regeneration of the trees. Liana cutting was effective in reducing liana abundance and infestation in the medium term but not in the long term. Therefore, further liana cutting in the long term may be needed to control lianas. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	abundance; forest management; infestation rates; liana-tree relationships; silvicultural treatment	abundance; cutting; deciduous forest; forest management; long-term change; sapling; seedling; silviculture; tropical forest; Malaysia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947110357	Investigating the functional link between prey abundance and seabird predatory performance	Enstipp M.R., Grémillet D., Jones D.R.	2007	Marine Ecology Progress Series	331	None	10.3354/meps331267	Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE), UMR 7178 CNRS-ULP, 23 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; DSTNRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Enstipp, M.R., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE), UMR 7178 CNRS-ULP, 23 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; Grémillet, D., DSTNRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Jones, D.R., Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Investigating the relationships that link marine top predators and their prey is crucial for an understanding of the mechanisms that operate within marine food chains. Many seabird species capture their prey underwater, where direct and continuous observation is difficult. However, in a captive setting, predator-prey interactions can be studied under controlled conditions and in great detail. Using an underwater video-array, we investigated the prey-capture behaviour of a foot-propelled pursuit diver, the double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus, targeting juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. We tested the effects of prey density, prey size, light conditions and prey behaviour (schooling vs. solitary trout) on the foraging performance of 9 cormorants. As predicted, prey density exerted the strongest influence on cormorant foraging success. While we found an apparently linear relationship between prey density and prey capture rate, a density below the threshold of about 2 g m-3 resulted in disproportionately lower catch per unit effort (CPUE) values. If such a threshold density exists in a natural setting, it could have important implications for birds confronted with a decline in food abundance, when density levels will be reduced. We also demonstrate the marked impact of fish behaviour on the predatory performance of cormorants. Capture success of cormorants was significantly lower and pursuit duration significantly higher when birds attacked schooling rather than solitary trout. By contrast, prey size and light conditions did not have a measurable effect on cormorant prey-capture performance. Our study is an experimental investigation into the prey-capture performance of an avian pursuit diver within a captive setting. We provide input values that should be incorporated into ecological models, which might help to understand predator requirements in a changing environment. © Inter-Research 2007.	Double-crested cormorant; Foraging; Functional relationship; Marine food chain; Predator-prey interaction; Prey density; Prey-capture performance	abundance; ecological modeling; food chain; predation; predator; predator-prey interaction; prey availability; prey capture; prey size; seabird; underwater environment; Aves; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phalacrocoracidae; Phalacrocorax auritus; Salmonidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858153937	Importance of using many taxa and having adequate controls for monitoring impacts of fire for arthropod conservation	Pryke J.S., Samways M.J.	2012	Journal of Insect Conservation	16	2	10.1007/s10841-011-9404-9	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Pryke, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Samways, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Fire is a key natural and anthropogenic disturbance factor across many ecosystems, and also an important conservation management tool. However, little is known about arthropod responses to fire, particularly in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, including the biodiverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR). We investigate here the relative variety of responses by different arthropod taxa to fire, and ask whether single-taxon or multi-taxa approaches better suit post-fire biomonitoring for conservation management. Sampling involved multiple techniques and was conducted before fire, 1 year after fire, and 3 years after fire, with unburned areas as controls. Before-and-after statistics were used to identify changes in arthropod populations and assemblages as a result of fire, and between treatment and control sites. However, this was against a background of the annual effects having a major influence on the arthropods, irrespective of fire. Abundance was so variable, even in control plots, that we found it an unreliable indicator of the impact of fire. Overall, arthropods were remarkably resilient to fire, with most taxa recovering in species richness and assemblage composition within 3 years of the fire. Although all taxa showed resilience to fire, there was nevertheless little congruence in temporal recovery of the various taxa. Our results highlight the shortcomings of monitoring fire impacts using only a single-taxon without prior testing for complementarity or sensitivity to fire, while emphasizing the importance of sampling a wide range of taxa to represent overall responses of compositional biodiversity. From this, we recommend, at least for the CFR, that a cross-section of taxa, such as butterflies, ants, and scarab beetles, be used for monitoring arthropods in recovery/fire management conservation programmes. We also recommend that such monitoring be considered against the background of large annual variation seen in unburned areas. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Arthropods; Cape Floristic Region; Conservation; Fire; Insects; Invertebrates; Responses	abundance estimation; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; biomonitoring; conservation management; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; fire behavior; floristics; human activity; insect; species richness; wildlife management; Arthropoda; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Hexapoda; Invertebrata; Papilionoidea; Scarabaeidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857839731	Large herbivore population performance and climate in a South African semi-arid savanna	Seydack A.H., Grant C.C., Smit I.P., Vermeulen W.J., Baard J., Zambatis N.	2012	Koedoe	54	1	10.4102/koedoe.v54i1.1047	Scientific Services, Garden Route National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa	Seydack, A.H., Scientific Services, Garden Route National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa; Grant, C.C., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa; Smit, I.P., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa; Vermeulen, W.J., Scientific Services, Garden Route National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa; Baard, J., Scientific Services, Garden Route National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa; Zambatis, N., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, South African National Parks, South Africa	Long-term population performance trends of eight large herbivore species belonging to groups of disparate foraging styles were studied in the semi-arid savanna of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Over the past century the number of bulk feeders (buffalo, waterbuck, blue wildebeest and plains zebra) had increased towards comparatively high population densities, whereas population numbers of selectively feeding antelope species (sable antelope, roan antelope, tsessebe and eland) declined progressively. Detailed analyses revealed that population numbers of buffalo and waterbuck fluctuated in association with food quantity determined by rainfall. Population performance ratings (1944-2003) of the species for which forage quality was important (blue wildebeest, zebra and selective grazers) were correlated negatively with minimum temperature and positively with dry-season rainfall. Interpretation according to a climate-vegetation response model suggested that acclimation of forage plants to increasing temperature had resulted in temperature-enhanced plant productivity, initially increasing food availability and supporting transient synchronous increases in population abundance of both blue wildebeest and zebra, and selective grazers. As acclimation of plants to concurrently rising minimum (nocturnal) temperature (T min) took effect, adjustments in metabolic functionality occurred involving accelerated growth activity at the cost of storage-based metabolism. Growth-linked nitrogen dilution and reduced carbon-nutrient quality of forage then resulted in phases of subsequently declining herbivore populations. Over the long term (1910-2010), progressive plant functionality shifts towards accelerated metabolic growth rather than storage priority occurred in response to T min rising faster than maximum temperature (T max), thereby cumulatively compromising the carbonnutrient quality of forage, a key resource for selective grazers. The results of analyses thus revealed consistency between herbivore population trends and levels of forage quantity and quality congruent with expected plant metabolic responses to climate effects. Thus, according to the climate-vegetation response model, climate effects were implicated as the ultimate cause of large herbivore population performance in space and over time. Conservation implications: In its broadest sense, the objective of this study was to contribute towards the enhanced understanding of landscape-scale functioning of savanna systems with regard to the interplay between climate, vegetation and herbivore population dynamics. © 2012. The Authors.	None	abundance; foraging behavior; herbivore; population density; population growth; savanna; semiarid region; vegetation; Kruger National Park; South Africa; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Hippotragus; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Tragelaphus oryx	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930044435	Impact of land use on occupancy and abundance of terrestrial mammals in the Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa	Ramesh T., Downs C.T.	2015	Journal for Nature Conservation	23	None	10.1016/j.jnc.2014.12.001	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Ramesh, T., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Downs, C.T., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Better management and knowledge regarding the effect of land use intensification on mammal abundance and occupancy is crucial for species conservation. This is particularly true in dynamic forest-farmland mosaics subjected to rapid human-induced habitat alterations for agricultural practices. We conducted camera-trap surveys at 44 locations across farmland use gradients between October 2012 and January 2013. We estimated occupancy and relative abundance of 10 terrestrial mammals in response to farmland use in the Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa. Occupancy modelling revealed the importance of available forest and wetland to several mammals. Occupancy estimates for Leptailurus serval were lower in cropland than for Herpestes ichneumon, Atilax paludinosus and Potamochoerus larvatus. Occupancy of Leptailurus serval and Redunca rundinu increased with relative human abundance while the relationship was inverse for Hystrix cristata and Potamochoerus larvatus. Livestock-related activity influenced occupancy of Potamochoerus larvatus positively and Hystrix cristata negatively. Pesticide usage had a negative impact on detection of several mammals, and occupancy of Atilax paludinosus. Commercial plantation influenced occupancy of Tragelaphus scriptus and Potamochoerus larvatus positively. Plantation supported the abundance of five species positively. Wetland influenced relative abundance of Leptailurus serval positively. Pesticide use significantly decreased relative abundance of Leptailurus serval and Atilax paludinosus. Livestock and human relative abundance were positively associated with relative abundance of Leptailurus serval and Canis mesomelas and negatively for other species. Our models proved the sensitivity of some mammals towards the natural habitat loss due to agricultural practices while others appeared to be tolerant to such human-modified habitats. We suggest feasible management implications for conserving diverse mammalian assemblages in farmland mosaics. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH.	Camera trapping; Detection; Farmland mosaics; Relative abundance index; Site occupancy; Terrestrial mammals	abundance index; agricultural land; agricultural practice; anthropogenic effect; detection method; habitat mosaic; land use; mammal; relative abundance; species conservation; trapping; Drakensberg; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Herpestes ichneumon; Hystrix cristata; Leptailurus serval; Mammalia; Potamochoerus larvatus; Redunca; Tragelaphus scriptus	None
None	None	Performance of four-year-old Australian and Papua New Guinean Acacia species/provenances at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania	Kindo A., Mndolwa M.A., Edward E., Chamshama S.A.O.	2010	Southern Forests	72	1	10.2989/20702620.2010.481077	Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, PO Box 426, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, PO Box 30021, Kibaha, Tanzania; Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania	Kindo, A., Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, PO Box 426, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mndolwa, M.A., Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, PO Box 30021, Kibaha, Tanzania; Edward, E., Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania; Chamshama, S.A.O., Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania	This study to compare performance of three Australian-Papua New Guinean Acacia species/provenances (A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, A. crassicarpa) and A. julifera was conducted at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania. Species/provenances were evaluated for survival, growth (diameter, height and volume), wood basic density and wood biomass. The trial was laid out using a randomised complete block design with three replications of 22 treatments (species/provenances). Data for survival, diameter at breast height and height was collected at ages 2 and 4 years from the nine inner-plot trees. Six defect-free trees from each treatment were selected at random for volume, wood basic density and biomass measurements. Results showed significant differences in survival, height and diameter growth among species/provenances at all assessment occasions. Average untransformed survival at 4 years ranged from 16.0% to 93.3%. Acacia crassicarpa from Bensbach, Papua New Guinea (PNG), had the largest diameter (13.9 cm) and A. crassicarpa from Bimadebum, PNG, had the largest height (12.6 m). Volume production and wood biomass differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001) among species/provenances. Acacia crassicarpa from Bensbach, PNG, had the highest volume (58.7 m 3 ha -1) and wood biomass (53.4 t ha -1) while A. mangium from Kongowe, Tanzania, had the lowest height (4.6 m), volume (1.92 m 3 ha -1) and wood biomass (2.7 t ha -1). Acacia mangium from Claudie River, Queensland, had the highest basic density (610.6 kg m -3) while the accession from Bituri, PNG, had the lowest (375.2 kg m -3). Ordinal ranking indicated that the three best-performing Australian-PNG Acacia species/ provenances were A. crassicarpa from Bimadebum, PNG; A. crassicarpa from Bensbach, PNG; and A. auriculiformis from south of Coen, Cape York. The three poorest species/provenances were A. mangium from Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania; A. julifera subsp. julifera from Ipswich, Queensland; and A. mangium from Balimo, PNG. The best-performing species/ provenances are recommended for planting in Kongowe and other areas with similar ecological conditions. © NISC (Pty) Ltd.	Australian-papua new guinean acacias; Biomass; Performance; Tanzania	Acacia; Acacia auriculiformis; Acacia crassicarpa; Acacia julifera; Acacia mangium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859450037	Impact of Acacia drepanolobium (an invasive woody species) on Gum-resin resources and local livelihood in Borana, southern Ethiopia	Terefe B., Limenih M., Gure A., Angassa A.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	3	None	Samara University, Ethiopia; Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany	Terefe, B., Samara University, Ethiopia; Limenih, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Angassa, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany	We investigated the impact of Acacia drepanolobium, a species threatening rangeland resources including Gum-resin production and pastoralists' livelihoods in Borana. Data were collected through vegetation surveys, key informant interviews, use of formal questionnaires and focus group discussions. We found a total of 22 woody species in the study area. A. drepanolobium was found to be the most dominant (22%) and abundant (65%) invasive woody species with an importance value index (IVI) of 103. According to our respondents, A. drepanolobium was the first widely expanded woody species followed by Dichrostachys cinerea and A. mellifera. Eighty seven percent of our respondents ranked A. drepanolobium as the most invading woody species during their life time. Overall, our results demonstrated that the impact of A. drepanolobium had greatly affected the condition of rangeland vegetation. The implication is that the reduction in the capacity of rangelands for livestock grazing could reduce the resilience of local livelihood under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, pastoralists' perception indicated that the expansion of A. drepanolobium had reduced the survival of Gum-resin producing species. Generally, the shift from cattle based pastoral economy to mixed livestock types could be attributed to the expansion of A. drepanolobium that forced the community to shift their mode of production. We confirmed that A. drepanolobium is an invasive indigenous woody species with multiple effects on the ecology of rangelands and on the livelihood security of pastoral communities.	Acacia drepanolobium; Borana; Bush encroachment; Importance value index; Invasiveness; Livelihood security; Rangeland ecology	Acacia; Acacia drepanolobium; Acacia mellifera; Bos; Dichrostachys cinerea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56249111360	Feeding Acacia etbaica and Dichrostachys cinerea fruits to smallholder goats in northern Ethiopia improves their performance during the dry season	Yayneshet T., Eik L.O., Moe S.R.	2008	Livestock Science	119	42372	10.1016/j.livsci.2008.02.007	Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway	Yayneshet, T., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway, Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; Moe, S.R., Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway	Acacia etbaica Schweinf. and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. are among the common woody browse plants that naturally grow in many arid and semi-arid rangelands in sub Saharan Africa. An experiment was conducted to compare the voluntary dry matter intake, body weight gain, nitrogen balance, carcass composition and sensory attributes of goats supplemented with different levels of A. etbaica and D. cinerea fruits. Average initial body weight of the goats was 20.4 kg (± 0.8SE) and received one of the following fruit supplementation regimes for 120 days (on body weight basis, n = 4 goats per group): (1) Control, no supplement; (2) 0.5% of A. etbaica; (3) 0.5% of D. cinerea; (4) 1.0% of A. etbaica; (5) 1.0% of D. cinerea; (6) 1.5% of A. etbaica; (7) 1.5% of D. cinerea. All groups were allowed to graze/browse during the day. Compared to A. etbaica, D. cinerea fruits contained higher amounts of crude protein (182 vs 135 g/kg DM), metabolizable energy (11 vs 8.4 MJ/kg DM), and in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficient (0.7 vs 0.6). The concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF), sulphuric acid solubulized lignin, and tannin (soluble and condensed) were lower (P < 0.05) in D. cinerea than in A. etbaica fruits. A. etbaica fruits, however, contained higher amounts of Na, K, Fe, and Zn concentrations than D. cinerea fruits. Dry matter intake was markedly higher in supplemented groups than in the control group without supplement. Similarly, body weight gain in the control group was negative and lower (P < 0.05) than any of the supplemented groups. During the course of the experimental period (120 days) the group placed in the 1.5% D. cinerea fruit diet gained 2.6 kg whereas the control group lost 2.0 kg. Thus, the difference between these two groups was 4.6 kg, which suggests about 22.5% increment of the goats' initial body weight. N retention was negative for the control group and varied little among the remaining treatment groups. Dressing percent increased with increased level of either type of fruit supplement, the highest (51.8%) being achieved at the 1.5% D. cinerea level. There was no difference in bone tissue across treatment groups. D. cinerea fruit intake also resulted in juicy/watery flavor and tender carcass. D. cinerea fruits appeared to have no adverse effects when included at the highest level (1.5%) and could be collected and stored as dry season supplement to smallholder goats. This study shows that poor farmers can increase goat performance substantially through supplement feeding with wild fruits. Areas in Ethiopia originally set aside for provision of ecological services and biodiversity protection can also be used for wild fruit production and feeding of small stock. The effect of increasing D. cinerea fruits above the 1.5% body weight level should be a focus of future investigation. Further work on deactivation mechanism of tannins is required for A. etbaica fruits included at levels higher than 1.0%. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Body weight; Dry matter intake; Exclosure; Supplement; Tigray	Acacia; Acacia etbaica; Capra hircus; Dichrostachys cinerea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149472211	Performance of planted indigenous trees, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, in semi-arid Botswana	Walker K.P., Theron J.M., Moseki B.	2008	Southern Forests	70	3	10.2989/SF.2008.70.3.3.664	Malotwana Silvopastoral Farm, PO Box 2386, Mochudi, Botswana; Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana	Walker, K.P., Malotwana Silvopastoral Farm, PO Box 2386, Mochudi, Botswana; Theron, J.M., Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Moseki, B., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana	Two popular indigenous browse, shade and poles trees, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, were evaluated for survival and growth on-farm in Malotwana, Botswana, with a mean annual rainfall of 450 mm. The trial was a two species x three spacing factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design replicated five times. The three spacings were 5 m x 5 m, 6.3 m x 5 m and 8.3 m x 5 m. The study was conducted over 6.5 years. The results showed that A. galpinii is a promising poles, browse and shade species, while F. albida exhibited high mortality (67%) at 4.5 years (after below-average rainfall). The crown width of A. galpinii ranged from 5.86 ± 0.24 m at high density to 6.56 ± 0.25 m in low-density plots. The difference in crown width among densities was significant (p = 0.0406). Diameter at breast height ranged between 10.4 ± 0.68 cm at high density to 12.5 ± 0.64 cm in low-density plantings and was significantly different among spacings (p = 0.0003). Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Acacia galpinii; Faidherbia albida; Indigenous trees	Acacia; Acacia galpinii; Faidherbia albida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649970133	Comparative analysis of the early growth performance of indigenous acacia species in revegetating Trojan nickel mine tailings in Zimbabwe	Dafana M.M., Nyakudya I.W., Katsvanga C.A.T., Jimu L.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	8	None	Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Dafana, M.M., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Nyakudya, I.W., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Katsvanga, C.A.T., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Jimu, L., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Indigenous acacia species are preferred in mine dump revegetation because of their ability to colonize hostile environments, enhance soil fertility and meet the livelihood and cultural needs of local communities. This study compared early growth performance of three vindigenous Acacia species namely A. gerrardii, A. karroo and A. polyacantha established on Nickel Mine tailings amended with top soil, sewage sludge, and compound fertilizer. Growth performance in height and root collar diameter (RCD) were measured monthly using a meter rule and a veneer caliper respectively and survival was determined at the end of a six-month period. A completely randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated three times was used. Survival and relative growth rates in height and RCD (RGRh and RGRd), were tested for significant differences among treatments through analysis of variance using SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 (2006). Overall, there were no significance differences (P>0.05) in survival among the Acacia species but variation in survival (P>0.05) was observed among amendments. Species growth performance also varied (P > 0.05) among amendment materials and across species. It was concluded all the three pecies can be used in revegetation of nickel mine tailings dumps under similar conditions.	Acacia; Amendments; Growth performance; Indigenous; Nickel tailings; Survival	Acacia; Acacia gerrardii; Acacia karroo; Acacia polyacantha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349014525	Growth performance of pigs fed on diets containing Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica and Colophospermum mopane leaf meals	Halimani T.E., Ndlovu L.R., Dzama K., Chimonyo M., Miller B.G.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; National University of Science and Technology, P. O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Stellenbosch, University, P Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom	Halimani, T.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ndlovu, L.R., National University of Science and Technology, P. O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Stellenbosch, University, P Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Miller, B.G., Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom	Growth performance of pigs fed diets containing 10 % Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica and Colophospermum mopane leaf meals was investigated using 20 individually penned male Large White pigs weighing 32.4 ± 5.86 kg (mean ± sd) over 56 days. There was no significant effect of including leaf meals on average daily liveweight gain and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Pigs supplemented with Acacia karroo had significantly higher intake than the other diets (P < 0.05). The control diet had a higher digestibility of crude protein and dry matter compared to the treatment diets (P < 0.05) except for the dry matter digestibility of the Acacia nilotica supplemented diet, which was not different to that of the control diet (P > 0.05). After the 56-day feeding period, there was an increase in the secretion of trichloroacetic acid soluble proteins from the parotid glands in all diets that contained leaf meals. No change was observed in the mandibular glands (P < 0.05). The activity of hepatic microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase increased significantly for pigs fed on the supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Indices of mitosis in the small intestine, the kidney and the liver were not affected by inclusion of leaf meals (P > 0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of leguminous leaf meals in pig fattening diets reduced digestibility of the feed, but did not affect growth rate. Inclusion of leguminous leaf meals in the diets of pigs is, therefore, a feasible technology that farmers may adopt as part of their feeding strategy for pigs.	Alternative feeds; Flavonoids; Salivary proteins; Tannins; Tropical legumes	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Acacia nilotica; Colophospermum mopane; Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46349092468	Sprout selection and performance of goats fed Acacia karroo coppices in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Nyamukanza C.C., Scogings P.F.	2008	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	38	2	None	Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Nyamukanza, C.C., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Scogings, P.F., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Acacia karroo Hayne is the dominant invading species in semi-arid savannas of South Africa and is an ecological threat of our modern era. This study investigated the preference and intake rates by goats when fed A. karroo coppice sprouts of different basal diameter sizes, viz. 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. A study was also conducted to determine the digestibility and performance of goats when fed A. karroo coppices and commercial feed pellets. Nitrogen content varied among the sprout sizes. The larger sprouts had the highest nitrogen content, but the acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose did not differ among sprout sizes. There were no significant differences in preference of the different sprout sizes. Intake rate of the sprout sizes was significantly different; small sprouts were consumed at the highest intake rate compared to medium size sprouts, but not compared to the larger sprouts. Nguni goats had higher bite rates compared to Boer goats. However, intake rates of the Boer goats and the Nguni goats were not significantly different. Goats fed A. karroo had a higher average daily gain compared to the goats fed the pellets. Average daily gain differed between the two goat breeds. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein for A. karroo and pellets also differed. It is concluded that both Boer and Nguni goats have the potential to utilize smaller A. karroo sprouts. These animals can therefore potentially be used to control bush encroachment. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Browse; Bush encroachment; Digestibility; Herbivory; Intake rate; Preference	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849119153	Effects of dietary energy level and tanniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of ross 308 broiler chickens in South Africa	Ng'ambi J.W., Nakalebe P.M., Norris D., Malatje M.S., Mbajiorgu C.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	1	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Ng'ambi, J.W., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Nakalebe, P.M., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.S., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	The study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy level and tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty, 21 days old male and female broiler chickens were assigned to twelve treatments with three replications of ten birds in a 2 (sex) x 3 (dietary energy level) x 3 (tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level) factorial, complete randomized design. Supplementation with Acacia karroo leaf meal had no effect on diet intake, digestibility and live weight of broiler chickens. However, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in male broiler chickens by 26 and 29% points, respectively. Similarly, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in female chickens by 26% points. These reductions were achieved without any significant reduction in feed intake and digestibility. However, the physiological explanation for this effect is not clear and it, thus, merits further investigation. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Acacia karroo; Digestibility; Fat pad; Nitrogen retention; Ross 308 broiler chickens	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349207046	Nutritional status, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nguni steers supplemented with Acacia karroo leaf-meal	Mapiye C., Chimonyo M., Dzama K., Strydom P.E., Muchenje V., Marufu M.C.	2009	Livestock Science	126	42372	10.1016/j.livsci.2009.07.001	Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Meat Industry Centre, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa	Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Strydom, P.E., Meat Industry Centre, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Muchenje, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Marufu, M.C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of supplementing Acacia karroo leaf-meal on growth performance, blood chemistry and carcass characteristics of Nguni steers. Thirty 19-month old Nguni steers (241.5 ± 14.62 kg) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments: A. karroo leaf-meal (AK), sunflower cake (SF) and control with no supplement (CN). Steers on the AK and SF diets were offered additional 150 g of protein through A. karroo and sunflower cake per day for 60 days. Serum concentrations of nutritionally-related blood metabolites were measured every fortnight. Steers that were given supplementary diets had higher (P < 0.05) total protein, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron concentrations, and larger eye muscle area than those that received the CN diet. Albumin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in steers that received supplementary diets than those that did not. Steers supplemented with the AK and SF diets had lower (P < 0.05) glucose and cholesterol concentrations than those that received the CN diet. Steers fed on the SF diet had the highest average daily gain, body condition score, slaughter weight, warm carcass weight and cold carcass weight followed by those on the AK diet (P < 0.05). Steers that were supplemented with AK and SF diets had similar (P > 0.05) gross margins. It was concluded that A. karroo improves the nutritional status, growth performance, and carcass traits of Nguni steers reared on natural pasture. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Average daily gain; Carcass weight; Non-esterified fatty acids; Total protein	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Helianthus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149469086	Performance of Eucalyptus dunnii as influenced by vegetation control when felled at nine years in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Little K.M.	2008	Southern Forests	70	3	10.2989/SF.2008.70.3.1.662	Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, PO Box 100281, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Little, K.M., Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, PO Box 100281, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	In 1997, a trial was initiated to determine the impact of eight vegetation control treatments on the growth of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden at a warm-temperate site in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, South Africa. The treatments included a Weedy and Weed-free check, a 1.2 m and a 2 m Row weeding, a Broadleaves treatment (only grasses controlled), a Grasses treatment (only broadleaves controlled), and the planting of sweet potato cuttings at 20 cm intervals, 1.5 m from the tree rows (16 667 cuttings ha-1). After planting, manual weeding was carried out to allow for the establishment of the sweet potato as a cover-crop for the suppression of weeds, after which the vines were either allowed to develop unrestricted across the plots (Sweet potato) or kept 0.6 m from around each tree (Sweet potato 1.2 m). The treatments, imposed from the time of planting, were maintained until canopy closure (14.5 months). Tree growth was monitored throughout the rotation and this, together with the cost of the various weeding operations during re-establishment, was used to make comparisons between the treatments. The dominant weed species on the site, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (black wattle), resulted in the early (from three months after planting) and sustained suppression of tree growth in those treatments where it occurred (Weedy check and Broadleaves). This resulted in a significant reduction of 54% and 41%, respectively, in merchantable volume of these treatments when compared to the Weed-free check at rotation end (9.2 years). No significant differences in tree volume were detected between the Weed-free check and the five other treatments, although there were differences associated with their weeding costs (ranking for costs as follows: Sweet potato 1.2 m &gt; Sweet potato &gt; Weed-free check &gt; 2 m Row weeding &gt; 1.2 m Row weeding). In principle, the planting of sweet potatoes to aid as an inter- and cover-crop was successful (weed suppression, whilst not causing a reduction in tree volume), but innovative, cost-effective ways will need to be tested before they can be considered as a viable alternative to the use of herbicides. In contrast, the 1.2 m and 2 m Row weeding treatments provided a cost-effective alternative to the Weed-free check, together with the added benefit of reduced herbicide use. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Competition; Cover-crop; Ipomoea batatas; Merchantable volume; Vegetation management	Acacia; Acacia mearnsii; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus dunnii; Ipomoea batatas; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906943697	Influence of Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets on growth performance of pigs	Khanyile M., Ndou S.P., Chimonyo M.	2014	Livestock Science	167	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.016	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objectives of the study were to assess nutritive value of Acacia leaf meals and to determine the optimum inclusion level of Acacia tortilis leaf meal in finishing pigs. Five dominant leguminous leaf meals namely, Acacia tortilis, Acacia robusta, Acacia nilotica, Acacia nigrescens and Acacia xanthophloea, were individually hand-harvested and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Although the crude protein content of A. xanthophloea and A. tortilis were similar, the latter was incorporated into the experimental diets as it had the lowest water holding capacity, swelling capacity and moderate levels of condensed tannins. A. tortilis was also the most abundant in the locality. Thirty finishing male F1 hybrid (Landrace×Large White) pigs with an initial weight of 60.6 (s.d.=0.94)kg were randomly allotted to six diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250g/kg DM inclusion levels of A. tortilis leaf meal. Each diet was offered ad libitum to five pigs in individual pens for 21 days. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio was measured every week. There was an increase in both ADFI and ADG (P&lt;0.001) as A. tortilis leaf meal increased, before they started to decrease. An increase in A. tortilis leaf meal levels in the diets caused a quadratic decrease (P&lt;0.01) in the G:F ratio. The change of ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio during each week of successive feeding decreased (P&lt;0.05) with incremental levels of A. tortilis in the diets. Using piecewise regression (broken-stick analyses), it was observed that A. tortilis leaf meal can be included up to 129g/kg DM in finishing pig feeds, without negatively affecting G:F ratio. The ability with which pigs utilize leaf meal-based diets improves with duration of exposure to such diets. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Condensed tannins; Feed intake; Pig performance	Acacia; Acacia nigrescens; Acacia nilotica; Acacia robusta; Acacia tortilis; Acacia xanthophloea; Suidae	None
None	None	Effects of Acacia nilotica, A. polyacantha and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal supplementation on performance of Small East African goats fed native pasture hay basal forages	Rubanza C.D.K., Shem M.N., Bakengesa S.S., Ichinohe T., Fujihara T.	2007	Small Ruminant Research	70	42403	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.02.008	United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania; Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan	Rubanza, C.D.K., United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan, Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania, Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan; Shem, M.N., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Bakengesa, S.S., Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania; Ichinohe, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan; Fujihara, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan	Optimal utilisation of tannin-rich browse tree fodders including Acacia spp. foliages as crude protein (CP) supplements to ruminants in the tropics is limited by less available information on their feed nutritive potential. Two studies were conducted to: (1) determine rate and extent of ruminal dry matter (DM) degradability (DMD) and (2) investigate effect of sun-dried Acacia nilotica (NLM), A. polyacantha (PLM) and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) supplementation on growth performance of 20 growing (7-9 months old) Small East African male goats (14.6 ± 0.68 kg) fed on native pasture hay (NPH) basal diet for 84 days in a completely randomised design experiment in north-western Tanzania. The goats were randomised into four treatment groups consisting of five animals each. Three supplement diets: 115.3 g NLM (T2), 125.9 g PLM (T3) and 124.1 g LLM (T4), which was used as a positive control, were supplemented at 20% of the expected DM intake (DMI; i.e., 3% body weight) to the three animal groups fed on NPH (basal diet) compared to the animals in a control group that were fed on NPH without browse supplementation (T1). NPH had significantly the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) CP of 45.5 g kg-1 DM compared to NLM, PLM and LLM (159, 195 and 187 g kg-1 DM, respectively). NPH had higher (P &lt; 0.05) fibre fractions; lower ruminal DM degradability characteristics and ME than NLM, PLM and LLM. Supplementation of the animals with browse resulted to (P &lt; 0.05) higher average daily weight gains (ADG) of 157.1 g day-1 in T4 than the animals fed on T2 (114.3 g day-1) and T3 (42.9 g day-1), and even to those fed on T1 (control), which lost weight (-71.4 g day-1). Improved weight gains were mainly due to corrected feed nitrogen (N) or CP due to supplementation of the animals with browse fodder. Too low CP of the NPH would not meet the normal requirements of CP (80 g CP kg-1 DM) for optimal rumen microbial function in ruminants. Higher ADG due to LLM (T4) and NLM (T2) supplementation suggest optimised weight gains due to browse supplementation (20% of expected DMI); while lower weight gains from supplementation with PLM (T3) indicate the possible utilisation of A. polyacantha leaves to overcome weight losses especially during dry seasons. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia; Fodder; Goats; Growth; Leucaena leucocephala; Tanzania	Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Acacia polyacantha; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Leucaena leucocephala	None
None	None	Evaluation of grazing pattern and sustainability of feed resources in pastoral areas of eastern zone of Tanzania	Kavana P.Y., Kizima J.B., Msanga Y.N.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	1	None	Livestock Research Centre, PO Box 5016, Tanga, Tanzania	Kavana, P.Y., Livestock Research Centre, PO Box 5016, Tanga, Tanzania; Kizima, J.B., Livestock Research Centre, PO Box 5016, Tanga, Tanzania; Msanga, Y.N., Livestock Research Centre, PO Box 5016, Tanga, Tanzania	A study on grazing pattern and sustainability of feed resources was conducted in selected pastoral areas of eastern zone of Tanzania from 1999 to 2003. Discussion with pastoralists indicated that pastoralists traditionally identify different soil types and relate to presence of dominant pasture species. Grazing pattern is established such that animals graze near homesteads with short grazing duration during rainy and cold seasons. Animals are transferred to distant grazing areas during the dry seasons. Quality of forage is normally related to animal performance as well as height and colour of dominant grass species available in grazing areas. The study indicated that there are hierarchical steps that are followed in decision making before shifting herds of cattle to distant grazing areas. Further studies indicated that native multipurpose trees namely, Dichrostachyscinerea, Acacia tortilis and Acacia nilotica thrive well in pastoral areas. These multipurpose trees reported by pastoralists as useful feed resources during the dry season. However, these multipurpose trees have multiple uses that sometimes result in resource user conflicts. The conflicts were reported to occur between pastoralists and charcoal producers because the trees are also valued for good quality charcoal. Other pasture species valued by pastoralists for dry season feeding were Commelina benghalensis, which is considered as water supplier to ruminants, and Enteropogon macrostachyus which is valued as potential feed for weaned calves. The carrying capacity in the study areas was concluded as 0.3 TLU/ha/yr.	Carrying capacity; Grazing pattern; Pastoralism; Pastoralists; Sustainability of feed resources	Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Acacia tortilis; Animalia; Bos taurus; Bovidae; Commelina; Commelina benghalensis; Enteropogon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650970361	Impacts of micro-basin water harvesting structures in improving vegetative cover in degraded hillslope areas of north-east Ethiopia	Derib S.D., Assefa T., Berhanu B., Zeleke G.	2009	Rangeland Journal	31	2	10.1071/RJ09012	Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Global Mountain Program (GMP), C/O ILRI, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Derib, S.D., Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Assefa, T., Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Berhanu, B., Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Zeleke, G., Global Mountain Program (GMP), C/O ILRI, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Water is one of the most important entry points to improve rural livelihoods in drought affected areas of the north-eastern Amhara region in Ethiopia. Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem by making use of different water harvesting structures. However, the choice of structures has been difficult because of a lack of empirical evidence on the relative effectiveness of the different structures. An experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 to compare and evaluate three different water harvesting structures (eye-brow basin, half-moon and trench) against the normal seedling plantation practice by farmers (normal pit) as a control. Data on root collar diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (DBH), height and survival rate of Acacia saligna tree seedlings was collected at 3-month intervals after planting and annual grass biomass production was also measured. Trench and eye-brow basin structures produced 68, 95, 52 and 44% increases in RCD, DBH, height and survival rate, respectively, 15 months after planting compared with the normal pit. Trench structures increased grass biomass by 41.1% compared with normal pits. Eye-brow basins are recommended on hillsides where stone is available while trenchs could be used where stone is scarce. The results indicated that well designed water harvesting micro-basin structures can mitigate the effect of dry spell shocks on tree seedling performance and land cover rehabilitation. They were also very effective in increasing grass biomass production indicating the potential for improving livestock feed on the available barren hillsides. © Australian Rangeland Society 2009.	Biomass production; Seedling performance	Acacia; Acacia saligna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350361999	Evaluation of ethiopian plant extracts, Acacia seyal and withania somnifera, to control green mould and ensure quality maintenance of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.)	Mekbib S.B., Regnier T.J.C., Sivakumar D., Korsten L.	2009	Fruits	64	5	10.1051/fruits/2009023	Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Dep. Chem., Tshwane Univ. Technol., PO Box 56208, Arcadia Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Mekbib, S.B., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Regnier, T.J.C., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Dep. Chem., Tshwane Univ. Technol., PO Box 56208, Arcadia Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Sivakumar, D., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Introduction. Green mould, Penicillium digitatum (Pers.: Fr.) Sacc., causes economically important postharvest disease in citrus. Materials and methods. Ethiopian plant extracts of Acacia seyal (Del. Var. Seyal) and Withania somnifera (L.) Dual were used to test the control of green mould in wound-inoculated fruit, stored for 21 d at 7 °C and at > 85% RH. The chemical compositions of the two extracts were determined using high-performance chromatography. Thereafter, freshly harvested (naturally infected) fruit were subjected to different postharvest treatments and stored for 50 d to investigate the effects of the two plant extracts on fruit quality parameters. Treatments included (pre-wax + leaf extracts), (wax + leaf extracts incorporated into wax, Citrosol A(®)), (leaf extract alone), (fruit washed in chlorinated water at 5.25%), (untreated fruit) and (commercially treated fruit). Results. Extracts of A. seyal and W. somnifera reduced the incidence of green mould by 56.1% and 50%, respectively, in wound-inoculated fruit. A. seyal extract contained a high concentration of gallic acid (60.3 mg•mL(-1)) whilst W. somnifera contained low concentrations of caffeic acid (8.7 mg•mL(-1)), salicylic acid (6.3 mg•mL(-1)) and 3,4 dihydroxy benzoic acid (3.8 mg•mL(-1)). Green mould was absent in naturally infected fruit subjected to (pre-wax + leaf extracts), (wax mixed with leaf extracts) and (leaf extracts) treatments. (Pre-wax + leaf extracts) and (wax mixed with leaf extract) treatments significantly reduced weight loss; retained firmness and colour; and they maintained eating qualities and a maturity index (SSC/TA) similar to commercial treatment. Conclusion. Both extracts of A. seyal and W. somnifera showed potential to be used as an alternative in combined applications with wax application under low temperature storage to replace synthetic fungicides, to ultimately control green mould and retain overall fruit quality. © 2009 CIRAD EDP Sciences.	Acacia seyal; Biological control; Citrus sinensis; Disease control; Fruits; Moulds; Penicillium digitatum; Plant extracts; Quality; South Africa; Withania somnifera	Acacia; Acacia seyal; Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Penicillium digitatum; Withania somnifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944431793	The effect of supplementing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay with Acacia tortilis leaves and pods mixture on intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats	Abdulrazak S.A., Njuguna E.G., Karau P.K.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	Abdulrazak, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya, Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Njuguna, E.G., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Karau, P.K., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	An experiment was conducted for 63 days to examine the effects of supplementation of Rhodes grass hay (H) with mixtures of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis on intake, digestion and growth performance of Small East African goats (SEAG). Twenty four SEAG of 18±4 kg BW, 9months old were assigned to six diets including ad libitum Rhodes grass hay alone (H) or H supplemented with various proportions of pods, leaves and mixture of the two as follows; 19 g DM/kg W0.75 pods (P), 19 g DM/kgW0.75 leaves (L), 9.5:9.5 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PL), 14:5 g DM/kg W 0.75 pods +leaves (PPL) or 5:14 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PLL). The diets were allocated to the goats in a completely randomised design, with 4 goats per treatment. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and live weight gains were all increased by supplementation. There was an indication of a better response in intake and weight gains when the hay was supplemented with equal proportion (9.5 g DM/kg W0.75) of pods and the leaves. It is concluded that mixtures of pods and leaves give more benefits than when either is offered singly to goats fed a basal diet of grass hay.	Acacia tortilis; Goats; Intake; Leaves; Live weight; Pods; Tree mixture	Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149107469	Factors influencing the breeding performance of the Augur Buzzard Buteo augur in southern Lake Naivasha, Rift Valley, Kenya	Virani M.Z., Harper D.M.	2009	Ostrich	80	1	10.2989/OSTRICH.2009.80.1.2.760	The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, United States; Department of Biology, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya	Virani, M.Z., The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, United States, Department of Biology, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya; Harper, D.M., Department of Biology, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom	The breeding performance of the Augur Buzzard Buteo augur in 1995-1998 was compared between three different areas south of Lake Naivasha, Kenya. These were: (1) a national park (Hell's Gate), (2) an undisturbed Acacia woodland-pasture (Mundui) and (3) an intensively farmed horticultural area (Sulmac-Oserian). Augur Buzzards in Mundui had the most optimal nesting habitat, produced the most fledglings (1.6 chicks per year), enjoyed an abundant food supply as their land was not heavily grazed, and suffered the least persecution. In contrast, Augur Buzzards in Hell's Gate produced the fewest fledglings (0.5 chicks per year). Their food supply was not abundant and their nests were confined to cliffs and short shrubs making them vulnerable to predation. Augur Buzzards in Sulmac-Oserian performed intermediately, producing 0.8 chicks per year and suffering the highest adult mortalities (12%) from human persecution. Height of grass in fields within a pair's territory was the most important variable in predicting whether Augur Buzzards attempted to breed or not. Mean annual adult mortality was lowest at Mundui (4.8%) and highest at Sulmac-Oserian (12%). Adult mortality and the success of previous breeding attempts were the most important predictors in determining breeding performance. © NISC Pty Ltd.	None	Acacia; Buteo augur	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953067235	Evaluation of the effective baking conditions for grade 3 Nigerian acacia species bonded foundry sand cores	Ademoh N.A., Abdullahi A.T.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Ademoh, N.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Abdullahi, A.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	The most effective economical baking conditions were determined for foundry cores bonded with the grade 3 Nigerian acacia species exudates. Silica sand base cores bonded with the material were oven baked at temperatures ranging from 160 to 250°C for varying periods oven cooled and then subjected to tensile strength tests to ascertain the best baking conditions for different alloy castings. The experimental core specimens were in accordance with foundry test standard, shaped like figure number eight. They were tested with standard universal strength machine equipped with attachment for gripping the cores and an instantaneous meter from which the test values were read. The result were compared with established standard foundry core property table which showed that the class Viron/steel cores are best made with 3% acacia bonded silica sand baked at 160°C for 1 h. For magnesium cores, sand bonded with 4.5% acacia baked at 160°C for 1-2 h was optimum. For class IV iron/steel cores 4.5% acacia bonded sand baked at 180°C for 1 hour was optimal. Sand bonded with 4.5% grade 3 acacia baked at 200°C for 1.0-2.0 h was optimum for copper, aluminium, classes II and III iron/steel cores. Sand bonded with 8.0-13.0% grade 3 N igerian acacia species baked at 200°C for 1.5-2 h was found most effective for class I iron and steel cores. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010.	Acacia grade 3; Baking; Cores; Oven; Temperature	Acacia grade 3; Acacia species; Alloy castings; Baking; Bonded silica; Class I; Cores; Iron and steel; Nigerians; Test standards; Foundry practice; Iron; Magnesium; Magnesium castings; Ovens; Silica; Silica sand; Standards; Stoves; Tensile strength; Foundry sand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953065848	Evaluation of the suspending property of Khaya snegalensis gum in co-trimoxazole suspensions	Mahmud H.S., Oyi A.R., Allagh T.S., Gwarzo M.S.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Mahmud, H.S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Oyi, A.R., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Allagh, T.S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Gwarzo, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The suspending property of Khaya senegalesis (Family Meliaceae) gum in Co-trimoxazole suspension was evaluated. The gum obtained from plants grown in Zaria town of northern Nigeria was processed using standard procedures and its physicochemical properties such as solubility, water sorption, pH and rheology were determined. The gum was used to formulate 4.8% w/v co-trimoxazole suspension in concentrations of 0.2-5.0% w/v. Acacia senegal gum was used as a standard for comparison. The sedimentation rates, sedimentation volume, ease of redispersibility and viscosity of the suspension were studied over a period of 8 weeks. Other properties evaluated were drug release profile and particle size distribution of formulated suspensions to detect crystal growth. The results show that the sedimentation rate (4×10-4 cm/sec), sedimentation volume (50ml), degree of flocculation (1.52) and viscosity (118.8 m.pas) at 50 r.p.m are values obtained for the suspension containing 0.2%w/v khaya gum after 28 days period of storage. Particle size analysis as an exception, the values of all other parameters obtained for the suspensions containing equivalent concentrations of acacia gum were lower. The suspensions were stable, pourable and redispersible with no evidence of crystal growth. The mean particle size of the drug was 3.5 micrometer. The suspension met the pharmacopoeial requirement for drug release. On the basis of these findings, khaya gum may find application as suspending agent at 0.2%w/v concentrations. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009.	Co-trimoxazole; Crystal growth; Drug release; Khaya senegalensis gum; Sedimentation volume and suspension	Acacia gum; Co-trimoxazole; Drug release; Equivalent concentrations; Khaya senegalensis gum; Mean particle size; Meliaceae; Northern Nigeria; Physicochemical property; Sedimentation rates; Senegal; Standard procedures; Suspending agents; Water sorption; Air ejectors; Cobalt; Crystal growth; Crystallization; Flocculation; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Sedimentation; Sorption; Viscosity; Suspensions (fluids)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449131484	Ethnobotanical survey and preliminary evaluation of medicinal plants with antidiarrhoea properties in Sokoto state, Nigeria	Etuk E.U., Ugwah M.O., Ajagbonna O.P., Onyeyili P.A.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	10	None	Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Markudi, Nigeria	Etuk, E.U., Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Ugwah, M.O., Department of Pharmacology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Ajagbonna, O.P., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Markudi, Nigeria	Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants use in Sokoto state of Nigeria for the treatment of diarrhoeal disorders was conducted. The plants documented were identified botanically and ranked based on informant frequency of citation. Ten top rank plants were then selected and screened for acute toxicity, phytochemical constituents and antidiarrhoea properties. A fixed single dose (3000 mg/kg b.wt.) of aqueous extract of each plant was administered orally to five female Sprague dawley rats in sequence to test for acute toxic effect. Another fixed dose of 200 mg/kg (b.wt.) of each extract was administered orally to treat diarrhoea induced with castor oil (1.0 ml) in each group of rats (n = 6). The results showed that, nineteen plants were cited by the Herbalist as being used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Sokoto state. The aqueous extracts of the ten selected plants were relatively safe after short term oral administration and tannins was the only phytochemical compound detected in all the extracts. Even though the ten selected plants exhibited varying degrees of antidiarrhoea activities, Lannea acida followed by Euphorbia hirta and Acacia nilotica respectively produced the most effective diarrhoea inhibition. This study has identified nineteen medicinal plants used in Sokoto for the treatment of diarrhoea. Tannins was the only phytochemical compound detected in all the screened plants and Lannea acida showed the highest antidiarrhoea potential. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Diarrhoea; Medicinal plants; Oral administration; Wistar rats	Acacia nilotica extract; Acacia polyancatha extract; alkaloid; Ampelocissos grantii extract; Anacardium occientale extract; Andropogon gayanus extract; Anogessus leiocarpus extract; antidiarrheal agent; Boswellia diazielii extract; Bridelia frerruginea extract; Cajanus cajan extract; Euphorbia extract; Ficus thoningii extract; flavonoid; guava extract; Lannea acida extract; Mytragne africana extract; Pilostigma reticulatum extract; plant extract; Securidaca longipendunculata extract; tannin; Terminalia macroptera extract; unclassified drug; Veronica kotschyana extract; Ziziphus abyssinica extract; Acacia; Acacia polyancatha; Ampelocissos grantii; Anacardiaceae; Andropogon; Andropogon gayanus; animal experiment; animal model; Anogessus leiocarpus; article; bark; Boswellia; Boswellia diazielii; Bridelia frerruginea; cashew nut; controlled study; diarrhea; drug mechanism; drug screening; Euphorbia; euphorbia hirta; female; Ficus; Ficus thoningii; guava; jujube; Lannea acida; legume; male; medicinal plant; Mytragne africana; Nigeria; nonhuman; phytochemistry; pigeonpea; Pilostigma reticulatum; plant leaf; plant root; rat; Rubiaceae; Securidaca; Securidaca longipendunculata; single drug dose; Terminalia; Terminalia macroptera; Veronica; Veronica kotschyana; Vitaceae; Ziziphus abyssinica; Acacia nilotica; Chamaesyce hirta; Lannea acida; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644432106	Evaluation of five medicinal plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria	Agunu A., Yusuf S., Andrew G.O., Zezi A.U., Abdurahman E.M.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	101	03-Jan	10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.025	Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agunu, A., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yusuf, S., Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Andrew, G.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Zezi, A.U., Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Abdurahman, E.M., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Five medicinal plants [Acacia nilotica, Acanthospermun hispidum, Gmelina arborea, Parkia biglobosa and Vitex doniana] used in diarrhoeal treatment in Kaduna State, Nigeria, were investigated. This study was carried out on perfused isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The aqueous methanol extracts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/ml) were generally found to cause a dose-dependent response in the isolated rabbit jejunum, though this was not uniform in all the plants. Gmelina arborea and Vitex doniana showed concentration dependent relaxation at low doses (0.5, 1.0 mg/ml), but showed no significant relaxation at higher doses (2.0, 3.0 mg/ml). Other extracts showed biphasic effects. For example, Acacia nilotica at 3.0 mg/ml caused initial relaxation quickly followed by contraction. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, 100% protections were shown by extracts of Acacia nilotica and Parkia biglobosa (100, 200 mg/kg) while Vitex doniana showed a dose-dependent effect. The least protection was shown by Acanthospermun hispidum, at the same dose, when compared with the other four plants. The results obtained revealed that the aqueous methanol extracts of all the five medicinal plants investigated have pharmacological activity against diarrhoea. This may explain their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Castor oil; Medicinal plants; Methanol extracts; Tissue relaxation	Acacia nilotica extract; acanthospermum hispidum extract; castor oil; Gmelina arborea extract; loperamide; methanol; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; vitex doniana extract; Acacia; acanthospermum hispidum; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; diarrhea; drug activity; drug effect; drug screening; gmelina arborea; intestine contraction; jejunum; male; medicinal plant; mouse; muscle relaxation; Nigeria; nonhuman; Parkia biglobosa; rabbit; Vitex doniana; Acacia; Animals; Diarrhea; Jejunum; Male; Mice; Nigeria; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rabbits; Vitex; Acacia nilotica; Gmelina arborea; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Parkia biglobosa; Vitex doniana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051928744	Therapeutic evaluation of Acacia nilotica (Linn) stem bark extract in experimental African trypanosomiasis	Ogbadoyi E.O., Garba M.H., Kabiru A.Y., Mann A., Okogun J.I.	2011	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	4	2	None	Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Animal production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal P	Ogbadoyi, E.O., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Garba, M.H., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Department of Animal production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Kabiru, A.Y., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mann, A., Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria; Okogun, J.I., Department of Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plants Research, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	Chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis still remains far from being satisfactory, being severely limited by a number of factors including unacceptable toxicity, increasing parasite resistance, high cost and unavailability. There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that are effective, affordable and accessible to the rural poor in Africa who bear most of the disease burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Acacia nilotica in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Methanol extract of stem bark of the plant was investigated for its therapeutic effects in experimental African trypanosomiasis. Acute toxicity studies were also conducted. Crude extract of 70% v/v (Methanol/Water) at a dose of 400mg kg-1 body weight per day completely cured the experimental T.b. brucei infection in mice, while doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400mgkg-1 body weight per day of the partially purified extract completely cured the experimental infection in mice within two days. Sub inoculation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid drawn from the cured mice into healthy mice failed to produce any infection within 28 days of post inoculation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponin, tannin and cardiac glycoside. LD50 of the partially purified extract was found to be 2000mg/kg body weight, the extract being acutely toxic at a dose of 1600mgkg-1 body weight. It is concluded that methanol extract of stem bark of A. nilotica cures experimental T. b. brucei infection in mice. The findings in this study provide very useful clue for biopharmaceutical industries and drug manufacturers for the development of phytotherapeutic agents from this plant, not only for therapeutic intervention in the control of African trypanosomiasis but also for the treatment of cancer. This is because of the strong link between Chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and cancer chemotherapy as every drug currently used for the treatment of sleeping sickness has some form of anticancer activity. Moreover, the plant is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. The potential is also very high for the manufacture of highly efficacious drugs for the treatment of sleeping sickness and/or cancer through synthetic modification of isolated bioactive phytoconstituents from this plant. The possibility also exists for the development of anti-diabetic drugs from extracts of this plant. © 2011. IJARNP-HS Publications.	Acacia nilotica; Chemotherapy; Trypanosoma; Trypanosomiasis	Acacia nilotica; Mus; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549099309	Nitrogen dynamics in land cleared of alien vegetation (Acacia Saligna) and impacts on groundwater at Riverlands nature reserve (Western Cape, South Africa)	Jovanovic N.Z., Israel S., Tredoux G., Soltau L., Le Maitre D., Rusinga F., Rozanov A., van der Merwe N.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Jovanovic, N.Z., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Israel, S., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tredoux, G., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Soltau, L., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Le Maitre, D., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rusinga, F., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Rozanov, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; van der Merwe, N., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Woody invading alien plants, many of which are nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae family), are currently cleared in South African catchments to reduce water loss and preserve streamflow, and for the restoration of the ecosystem. This study tested the hypothesis that clearing invasive alien vegetation may disturb the vegetation-micro-organism-soil N cycling system by producing a large once-off input of fresh tree litterfall rich in N and by eliminating a large N sink. Three experimental plots were established at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa): a site invaded by Acacia saligna to be used as control; a site cleared of Acacia saligna; and a site with natural vegetation to be used as background. Nitrogen concentrations in soil and groundwater, volumetric soil water contents, root density and weather conditions were measured during 2007. Oxidised forms of nitrogen, in particular NO3-, were dominant in the system. Recharge and leachate were simulated with the HYDRUS-2D model and used as inputs into Visual MODFLOW to predict the spatial distribution of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in groundwater. NOx levels in soil and groundwater were higher in alien-invaded areas compared to fynbos-covered land. A quick release of NOx into groundwater was observed due to high residual N reserves in the rooting zone, decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge in the treatment cleared of alien vegetation. In the long run, high NOx concentrations in groundwater underlying cleared land will last only until all the excess nitrogen has been leached from the soil. A decrease in NOx concentration in groundwater can be expected thereafter. Clearing land of alien invasive legumes may therefore have a beneficial effect by reducing groundwater contamination from NOx and reducing water losses in catchments.	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve; Catchments; Contamination; Evapotranspiration; Forestry; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrogeology; Leaching; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Runoff; Size distribution; Soil moisture; Underground reservoirs; Underwater soils; Vegetation; Water supply; Water treatment; catchment; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; forest clearance; groundwater flow; groundwater pollution; hydrogeochemistry; hydrological modeling; hypothesis testing; introduced species; leachate; leaching; legume; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen oxides; pollution control; recharge; restoration ecology; soil nitrogen; soil water; streamflow; Forestry; Geology; Ground Water; Land; Leaching; Natural Resources; Nitrate Groups; Nitrogen; Pollution; Reserves; Rivers; Soil Analysis; Transpiration; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Africa; Riverlands Provincial Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acacia; Acacia saligna; Fabaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922996867	Street hawking among in-school adolescents in a south-western town in Nigeria: Pattern, determinants and effects on school performance	Ijadunola M.Y., Ojo T.O., Babatunde A., Olatunji G.J., Owolabi G.K., Adewale I.A., Ifedayo I.F., Friday I.S.	2015	International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health	27	1	10.1515/ijamh-2013-0342	FWACP, Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 2064, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Community Health, Obafem	Ijadunola, M.Y., FWACP, Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 2064, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria; Ojo, T.O., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Babatunde, A., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.J., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Owolabi, G.K., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adewale, I.A., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ifedayo, I.F., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Friday, I.S., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Street hawking is the commonest form of child labor in Nigeria. Although street hawking is very pervasive, there is the increasing need to fully understand its pattern and effects on those involved in hawking particularly adolescents who combine schooling with hawking. In Nigeria, data on the effects of street hawking on in-school adolescents are generally scanty. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in Ife Central Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun State, Nigeria to assess the pattern, determinants of street hawking among in-school adolescents and its effect on school performance. A cross-sectional study of 435 adolescents (aged 10-19) attending public secondary schools was done. Data were collected using facilitated self-administered questionnaires alongside a review of class records. Appropriate statistical analysis including multiple regression was done. Results showed mean age of respondents to be 14.6±2.1 years with prevalence of street hawking at 37.2%. Early adolescents (10-13 years) were more likely to engage in street hawking compared to their counterparts in late adolescence (aged 17-19). Female adolescents and students of trading mothers were significantly more likely to engage in street hawking. Respondents engaged in street hawking were significantly more likely to have failed the last academic term examination. The findings from this study will be useful for stakeholders as they develop policies and programmes to address the challenge of street hawking among adolescent school goers. © 2015 by De Gruyter.	Adolescents; school performance; south-western Nigeria; street-hawking	academic achievement; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adult; Article; child; child abuse; child labor; domestic violence; female; health care policy; high school; human; major clinical study; male; mother; multiple regression; Nigeria; prevalence; questionnaire; school child; statistical analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870589160	Poor academic performance among adolescents with epilepsy in Kaduna, northern Nigeria: A case-control study	Nuhu F.T., Yusuf A.J., Sheikh T.L., Eseigbe E.E.	2012	SAJCH South African Journal of Child Health	6	4	10.7196/SAJCH.512	Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Nuhu, F.T., Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.J., Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Sheikh, T.L., Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria; Eseigbe, E.E., Department of Psychiatry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Background. Adolescents with epilepsy experience significant academic difficulties. However, little is known about the effects of epilepsy on the academic performance of adolescents with the disorder in Northern Nigeria. Objective. To assess the academic performance of adolescents with epilepsy and factors associated with poor performance in this population in a Northern Nigerian setting. Methods. The socio-demographic/clinical characteristics of 77 consecutive adolescents (aged 12 - 17 years) with epilepsy attending the Child and Adolescent Clinic of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, North-West, between March 2008 and September 2010 and the socio-demographic characteristics of 76 controls (matched for age and sex) were recorded. Information concerning school attendance and academic performance of the subjects and the controls were obtained from the adolescents and their parents or caregivers. Results. The mean ages of the subjects and the controls were 15.1 (standard deviation (SD) 2.1) and 14.7 (SD 1.7) years, respectively (p>0.05), the mean duration of illness was 6.1 (SD 4.6) years, the mean seizure-free period was 16.8 (SD 15.6) weeks, and 64.9% of the subjects and 57.9% of the controls were males. Forty-six subjects (59.7%) and 12 controls (15.8%) had poor academic performance (p<0.001). Long duration of illness, short seizure-free periods and irregular school attendance were significantly associated with poor academic performance (p<0.05). Conclusions. Poor academic performance is common among adolescents with epilepsy and is associated with early onset, poor seizure control and missing school. Efforts should be made to control seizures and educate society about the illness.	None	academic achievement; adolescent; adolescent health; article; case control study; child; clinical assessment; controlled study; demography; disease association; disease control; disease duration; disease free interval; epilepsy; female; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; onset age; population research; school child; social status	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863796414	Prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis	Essien E., Haruna M.J., Emebu P.K.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Community Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 5252, Sokoto, Nigeria; Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokot	Essien, E., Department of Community Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 5252, Sokoto, Nigeria; Haruna, M.J., Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria; Emebu, P.K., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	This study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and its effect on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study population was drawn from secondary school students attending Federal Government College and State Government-owned schools. Well tested and validated questionnaires were used to elicit information from the students. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. The selected schools were: Federal Government College (FGC), Sani Dingyadi Secondary School (SDUSS), Nagarta Secondary School (NSS) and Army Day Secondary School (ADSS). A total of two hundred and forty (240) secondary school students comprising 168 males (70%) and 72 females (30%) participated in the study. The result revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition of 35.4% among the selected secondary school students, using BMI as index. Prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher in SDUSS (43.3%) followed by NCS (35%), ADSS (33.3%) and FGCS (30%). The study recorded a total mean performance score of 44.3% for all the selected schools. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean performance score of the secondary school students. Students of FGCS recorded the highest mean score of 60.3% which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the other selected schools. SDUSS had the lowest mean performance score of 29.6%. Malnutrition was negatively and significantly related with the academic performance (r = -0.154, p<0.01). It was further observed that SDUSS with the highest prevalence of malnutrition has the poorest performance, while FGC with the least prevalence of malnutrition had the best academic performance. Hence, activities to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition should be encouraged. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Academic performance; Anthropometry; Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Secondary school	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; body mass; child; female; high school; high school student; human; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; Nigeria; nutritional status; prevalence; questionnaire; sampling; school child; scoring system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549157498	Effects of night-reading on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and academic performance of undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria	Adeosun S.O., Asa S.O., Babalola O.O., Akanmu M.A.	2008	Sleep and Biological Rhythms	6	2	10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00338.x	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; D	Adeosun, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Asa, S.O., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Babalola, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Akanmu, M.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria	We evaluated the impact of night reading on daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and performance of student. Pharmacy students (N = 253, 71.5% response rate) completed a sleep and study lifestyle questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the Epworth sleepiness scale questionnaires, and their grade indices (were obtained. The results showed that the prevalence of night reading was 76.7% and there was a significant (P < 0.05) association between night reading and sleep quality, and also between sleep quality and academic performance. Thus, habitual night reading may affect academic performance, possibly due to the reduced sleep and poor sleep quality of habitual night readers. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Japanese Society of Sleep Research.	Academic performance; Daytime sleepiness; PSQI; Sleep education; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; controlled study; daytime somnolence; Epworth sleepiness scale; female; human; human experiment; lifestyle; male; Nigeria; night; normal human; pharmacy student; prevalence; priority journal; questionnaire; reading; scoring system; sex difference; sleep; sleep time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67651219109	Impact of common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence on secondary school completion	Myer L., Stein D.J., Jackson P.B., Herman A.A., Seedat S., Williams D.R.	2009	South African Medical Journal	99	5	None	School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; National School of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; MRC Stress and Anxiety Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Department of Society Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Myer, L., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stein, D.J., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jackson, P.B., Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Herman, A.A., National School of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Seedat, S., MRC Stress and Anxiety Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Williams, D.R., Department of Society Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States	There are few data from South Africa and other low- and middle-income countries on how mental disorders in childhood and adolescence may influence different aspects of socio-economic position, including educational attainment. We examined the association between early-onset disorders and subsequent educational achievement in a nationally representative sample of 4 351 South African adults. After adjusting for participant demographic characteristics and traumatic life events, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and substance-related disorders were each associated with increased odds of failing to complete secondary education (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 2.3, 1.0-5.1; 1.7, 1.2-2.5, and 1.7, 1.2-2.5, respectively). These data point to the role that early-life mental disorders may play in educational achievement and subsequent socio-economic position over the life course.	None	academic achievement; adolescent; alcohol abuse; anxiety disorder; article; child; drug dependence; female; high school; human; major depression; male; mental disease; onset age; posttraumatic stress disorder; South Africa; substance abuse; adult; educational status; health survey; mental disease; psychological aspect; risk; risk factor; South Africa; Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Child; Educational Status; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891758858	School violence, mental health, and educational performance in Uganda	Devries K.M., Child J.C., Allen E., Walakira E., Parkes J., Naker D.	2014	Pediatrics	133	1	10.1542/peds.2013-2007	Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Statistics, London, United Kingdom; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom; Raising Voices, Kampala, Uganda	Devries, K.M., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom; Child, J.C., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom; Allen, E., Department of Medical Statistics, London, United Kingdom; Walakira, E., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Parkes, J., Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom; Naker, D., Raising Voices, Kampala, Uganda	BACKGROUND: Violence against children from school staff is anecdotally common in low- and middle-income countries, but data on prevalence and associations with mental health and educational outcomes are lacking. METHODS: We report data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in June and July 2012 in Luwero District, Uganda. Forty-two primary schools representing 80% of students in the district were randomly selected; 100% agreed to participate. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool - Child Institutional; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and reading, spelling, and math tests were administered. We present descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, accounting for the complex sampling scheme used in the survey. RESULTS: We surveyed 3706 students and 577 school staff members; 93.3% (SE 1.0%) of boys and 94.2% (SE 1.6%) of girls attending primary school reported lifetime experience of physical violence from a school staff member, and >50% reported experience in the past week. Pastweek physical violence was associated with increased odds of poor mental health and, for girls, double the odds of poor educational performance (adjusted odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-2.66). For boys, significant interactions were present. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a ban on corporal punishment in Ugandan schools since 1997, the use of violence against students is widespread and associated with poor mental health and educational performance. School violence may be an important but overlooked contributor to disease burden and poor educational performance in low- and middle-income settings. Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.	Child maltreatment; Corporal punishment; Education; Mental health; Primary school; Uganda; Violence against children	academic achievement; adolescent; article; child; child neglect; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disability; emotional abuse; female; human; injury; International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool Child Institutional; male; mental health; named inventories, questionnaires and rating scales; partner violence; personal experience; physical violence; prevalence; primary school; priority journal; school child; Self Report Questionnaire; sexual violence; staff; strengths and difficulties questionnaire; student; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900845582	Good quality sleep is associated with better academic performance among university students in Ethiopia	Lemma S., Berhane Y., Worku A., Gelaye B., Williams M.A.	2014	Sleep and Breathing	18	2	10.1007/s11325-013-0874-8	Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Lemma, S., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhane, Y., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Worku, A., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gelaye, B., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Williams, M.A., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose: This study assessed the association of sleep quality with academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 2,173 college students (471 female and 1,672 male) was conducted in two universities in Ethiopia. Students were selected into the study using a multistage sampling procedure, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and academic performance was based on self-reported cumulative grade point average. The Student's "t" test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate associations. Results: We found that students with better sleep quality score achieved better on their academic performance (P value=0.001), while sleep duration was not associated with academic performance in the final model. Conclusion: Our study underscores the importance of sleep quality on better academic performance. Future studies need to identify the possible factors which influence sleep quality other than the academic environment repeatedly reported by other literature. It is imperative to design and implement appropriate interventions to improve sleep quality in light of the current body of evidence to enhance academic success in the study setting. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.	Academic performance; Khat and students; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adult; analysis of variance; article; college student; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; female; human; major clinical study; male; multiple linear regression analysis; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; priority journal; self concept; sleep quality; sleep time; Student t test; university student; achievement; Catha; cultural factor; psychology; questionnaire; risk factor; sleep; statistics and numerical data; student; Substance-Related Disorders; young adult; Achievement; Catha; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Sleep; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	T37-MD001449, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-17044417199	Problem-based learning improves the academic performance of medical students in South Africa	Iputo J.E., Kwizera E.	2005	Medical Education	39	4	10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02106.x	WHO Collab. Ctr. Prob.-based Lrng., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Transkei, Transkei, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Transkei, UNITRA, Post-bag X1, Transkei 5117, South Africa	Iputo, J.E., WHO Collab. Ctr. Prob.-based Lrng., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Transkei, Transkei, South Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Transkei, UNITRA, Post-bag X1, Transkei 5117, South Africa; Kwizera, E., WHO Collab. Ctr. Prob.-based Lrng., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Transkei, Transkei, South Africa	OBJECTIVES: To compare the academic performance of students on the previous, classical, discipline- and lecture-based, traditional curriculum with that of subsequent students who followed an innovative, problem- and community-based curriculum. METHODS: This was a retrospective study that analysed the records of students who enrolled on the doctor training programme between 1985 and 1995, and the records of students who graduated from the programme between 1989 and 2002. OUTCOMES: The educational outcomes assessed were the attrition and graduation rates on the traditional curriculum and those on the innovative curriculum. RESULTS: A total of 149 students on the traditional curriculum and 145 students on the innovative curriculum were studied. Overall, 23% of the traditional cohort as opposed to 10.3% of the innovative cohort dropped out of the course (P = 0.0041) and 55% of the traditional cohort as opposed to 67% of the innovative cohort graduated within the minimum period of 6 years (P < 0.001). The mean throughput period was 6.71 (0.09) years in the traditional cohort and 6.44 (0.07) years in the innovative cohort (P = 0.014) CONCLUSION: The introduction of the problem-based learning/community-based education (PBL/CBE) curriculum coincided with improved academic performance. The PBL/CBE approach to medical education may have contributed to this improvement.	Curriculum; Education, medical, undergraduate/ *methods; Educational measurement; Problem-based learning/*methods; Retrospective study; Students, medical	academic achievement; adult; article; cohort analysis; community; controlled study; curriculum; education program; educational technology; female; human; intermethod comparison; learning; male; medical education; medical student; normal human; outcomes research; problem based learning; problem solving; retrospective study; South Africa; teaching; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Male; Problem-Based Learning; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Students, Medical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879144314	Performance of medical students in paediatric examinations and associated factors	Chinawa J.M., Chinawa A.T., Obu H.A., Chukwu B.F., Eke C.B.	2013	Current Pediatric Research	17	2	None	Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria	Chinawa, J.M., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Chinawa, A.T., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Obu, H.A., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria; Eke, C.B., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria	A student who just enrolled in a medical school has several examinations to write and about six to twelve years of major examinations from the very first year of school to becoming a consultant paediatrician. Paediatrics is a major course which needs to be passed before qualifying as a doctor. Attaining this is a rather formidable task in any Nigerian university. High failure rates in this course have become an allegory or a myth. The aim of this present study is to determine the performance of medical students in paediatric examinations and associated factors. This is an observational prospective study involving 102 medical students seen at the paediatric departments of College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus and 54 medical students from Enugu State University College of Medicine, Enugu. 126 (80.8%) of the students attended lectures regularly. One hundred and fifteen (73.7%) confirmed that ward rounds are very interesting and important. One hundred and thirty students (83.3%) admitted that performance in paediatrics examinations is poor and 147 (94.2%) students attributed this failure to clinicals .Eighty seven (62.2%) students preferred OSCE as a perfect replacement for clinicals. It is concluded that performance of Medical students in paediatrics is poor and clinical have been pointed out as the major cause of this.	Medical students; Nigeria; Paediatrics; Performance	academic achievement; adult; article; experience; female; human; male; medical education; medical examination; medical school; medical student; Nigeria; observational study; pediatrics; prospective study; structured questionnaire; ward	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69949095265	Level of maternal education and performance of Black, South African infants on the 1996 Griffiths Mental DevelopmentScales	Cockcroft K., Amod Z., Soellaart B.	2008	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	11	1	None	School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Cockcroft, K., School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Amod, Z., School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Soellaart, B., School of Human and Community Development, Discipline of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objective: The study compared the performance on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales of Black, South African infants with mothers who had twelve or more years of education and who were professionally employed with infants of mothers with fewer than twelve years of education and who were employed in non-professional jobs. Method: The sample consisted of 40 infants (aged 13-16 months), to whom the Griffiths Mental Development Scales was administered. Results: The infants with professional mothers performed significantly better than their counterparts with non-professional mothers on the General Quotient, as well as on the Locomotor Scale. While maternal level of education did not appear to distinguish between infants in terms of social, fine motor, language, hearing, processing speed or practical reasoning, it did discriminate in terms of gross-motor functioning. Conclusion: It is suggested that, as the infant develops, the skills assessed by the Griffiths Scales, which are initially differentiated, become increasingly interrelated. Consequently, poor gross-motor skills, which may be more likely in infants from a low socio-economic status, may have far-reaching implications. Thus, it is important to consider maternal level of education and the socio-economic status background of the infant, as this may influence overall performance on the Scales.	Developmental assessment; Griffiths mental development scales; Maternal level of education	academic achievement; Africa south of the Sahara; article; auditory system function; child; child development; controlled study; educational status; female; Griffith Mental Development Scale; human; intelligence quotient; language ability; male; mental development; mental performance; mother child relation; motor performance; rating scale; social behavior; social status; thinking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349095631	The effect of mode of entry into medical school on performance in the first two years	Afolabi A.O., Mabayoje V.O., Togun V.A., Oyadeyi A.S., Raji Y.	2007	Journal of Medical Sciences	7	6	None	Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University o	Afolabi, A.O., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Mabayoje, V.O., Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Togun, V.A., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oyadeyi, A.S., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Raji, Y., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The study was designed to compare the relative performance of students admitted into the Medical Programme through Pre-degree Science with those of students admitted through the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB). The performance indices used were the University 100 level Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) and Physiology examination score during the 200 level Comprehensive Examination. The files of students admitted into the Medical Programme in 1998/1999, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 Sessions were obtained from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences. The following data were extracted from each file-age, sex, school certificate result, mode of entry (JAMB, Pre-degree, Direct at 100 level or transfer at 200 level), 100 level CGPA and Physiology score in the 200 level Comprehensive examinations. The study showed that the students admitted through JAMB performed better in 200 level Physiology examinations but there was no correlation between the University Matriculation Examination (UME) Scores and the O-Level aggregate, 100 level CGPA and 200 level Physiology results. The Pre-degree examination score however showed a strong positive correlation with the O-Level aggregate, 100 level CGPA and the 200 level Physiology examination scores. It is therefore recommended that the Pre-degree examination results be used in admitting students into Medicine, as it is a more reliable predictor of success in Medical School Examinations.	CGPA; Direct; JAMB/UME; O-level aggregates; Pre-degree; Transfer	academic achievement; age; article; correlation analysis; education program; intermethod comparison; medical education; medical school; medical student; prediction; reliability; sex difference; task performance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873274573	The Association between Cognition and Academic Performance in Ugandan Children Surviving Malaria with Neurological Involvement	Bangirana P., Menk J., John C.C., Boivin M.J., Hodges J.S.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	2	10.1371/journal.pone.0055653	Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology/Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States	Bangirana, P., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Menk, J., School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; John, C.C., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Boivin, M.J., Department of Psychiatry and Neurology/Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Hodges, J.S., School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States	Background: The contribution of different cognitive abilities to academic performance in children surviving cerebral insult can guide the choice of interventions to improve cognitive and academic outcomes. This study's objective was to identify which cognitive abilities are associated with academic performance in children after malaria with neurological involvement. Methods: 62 Ugandan children with a history of malaria with neurological involvement were assessed for cognitive ability (working memory, reasoning, learning, visual spatial skills, attention) and academic performance (reading, spelling, arithmetic) three months after the illness. Linear regressions were fit for each academic score with the five cognitive outcomes entered as predictors. Adjusters in the analysis were age, sex, education, nutrition, and home environment. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation models (SEM) were used to determine the nature of the association between cognition and academic performance. Predictive residual sum of squares was used to determine which combination of cognitive scores was needed to predict academic performance. Results: In regressions of a single academic score on all five cognitive outcomes and adjusters, only Working Memory was associated with Reading (coefficient estimate = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.10 to 0.63, p<0.01) and Spelling (0.46, 0.13 to 0.78, p<0.01), Visual Spatial Skills was associated with Arithmetic (0.15, 0.03 to 0.26, p<0.05), and Learning was associated with Reading (0.06, 0.00 to 0.11, p<0.05). One latent cognitive factor was identified using EFA. The SEM found a strong association between this latent cognitive ability and each academic performance measure (P<0.0001). Working memory, visual spatial ability and learning were the best predictors of academic performance. Conclusion: Academic performance is strongly associated with the latent variable labelled "cognitive ability" which captures most of the variation in the individual specific cognitive outcome measures. Working memory, visual spatial skills, and learning together stood out as the best combination to predict academic performance. © 2013 Bangirana et al.	None	academic achievement; arithmetic; article; attention; child; cognition; female; human; learning; major clinical study; malaria; male; mental performance; neurologic examination; outcome assessment; preschool child; reading; spelling; structural equation modeling; Uganda; working memory; Age Factors; Attention; Child; Cognition; Educational Status; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Learning; Linear Models; Malaria, Cerebral; Male; Mathematics; Memory, Short-Term; Models, Statistical; Nutritional Status; Reading; Sex Factors; Spatial Behavior; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551651319	Impact of birth weight on the nutritional status and academic performance of school age children	Odenigbo U.M., Nkwoala C.C., Okpala O.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	12	10.3923/pjn.2010.1157.1161	Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Odenigbo, U.M., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Nkwoala, C.C., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Okpala, O.C., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study compared the nutritional status and academic performance of Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Normal Birth Weight (NBW) school-aged population in Nigeria. A total of 119 subjects were involved in this study from a purposely selected one rural and one urban school in Abia state. Pre tested and validated questionnaires were used in data collection. Academic performance was obtained from their school records, while birth weights and ages were obtained from health/immunization cards. SPSS version 15.0 was used for data analysis. The subjects comprised of 57.1% males and 42.9% females, of 9-12 years old. Low prevalence (14.3%) of LBW was found. All three indicators used for nutritional status assessment (weight for age; height for age; BMI) showed more than 50% of study population as having normal nutritional status (96.64, 74.79 and 63.03% respectively). Stunting was 10.08%, overweight 2.52% and 6.72%, while obesity was 0.84%. This study revealed a significant (p<0.05) influence of birth weight on nutritional status with the use of BMI and weight for age indicators. The only child found underweight (<-2SD weight for age) had a LBW. The NBW group had higher percent of normal nutritional status than LBW group (Weight for age: 98.04% Vs 88.24%, BMI 65.69% Vs 47.06%). Stunted was found among 11.77% of the LBW and 9.80% of NBW groups (p>0.05). The subjects' birth weight had no significant (p>0.05) influence on their academic performance. The findings of this study emphasize more attention to children born with LBW for improvement in their growth and academic performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Academic performance; Children; LBW; Nutritional status	academic achievement; article; body height; body mass; body weight; child; child nutrition; controlled study; female; human; low birth weight; male; Nigeria; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; obesity; questionnaire; school child; stunting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36949001095	Do working children have worse academic performance?	Fetuga M.B., Njokanma O.F., Ogunlesi T.A.	2007	Indian Journal of Pediatrics	74	10	10.1007/s12098-007-0172-1	Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria	Fetuga, M.B., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria, Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria; Njokanma, O.F., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Ogunlesi, T.A., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria	Objective. To examine the effect of child labor on school children's academic performance. Methods. Primary school children engaged in child labor were compared with age, sex and school-matched controls for absence from school and scores obtained at sessional examination in English language, Mathematics, Sciences and Social studies. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean rate of school absence (p = 0.80), mean aggregate examination scores (p = 0.1) and proportion of class repeaters (p = 0.16) among working school children and the controls. However, a significantly higher proportion of the controls had high (>75%) average examination scores compared with the working school children (p = 0.017). Similarly, the controls performed better than working school childre nin each of four core subjects but significant differences were observed only in Social Studies and Science (p = 0.006 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion. There is some undermining of academic performance among children who combine schooling with child labor despite comparable school absence with the controls. © 2007 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.	Academic performance; Child labor	academic achievement; article; child; controlled study; human; job performance; major clinical study; primary school; Absenteeism; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Underachievement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863196798	Poor academic performance: A perspective of final year diagnostic radiography students	Gqweta N.	2012	Radiography	18	3	10.1016/j.radi.2012.04.002	Durban University of Technology, Diagnostic Radiography, Corner of Steve Biko and Mansfield Road, Durban 4001, South Africa	Gqweta, N., Durban University of Technology, Diagnostic Radiography, Corner of Steve Biko and Mansfield Road, Durban 4001, South Africa	Introduction: A study was conducted on final year diagnostic radiography students at a University of Technology in Durban. The aim of the study was to investigate the final year diagnostic radiography students' opinions and views on academic performance in order to inform teaching and learning methods. The objectives were: •To explore the students' opinions regarding poor performance.•To identify strategies to improve academic performance. Method: A qualitative, interpretive approach was used to explain and understand the students' lived experiences of their academic performances. A short open ended questionnaire was administered to a cohort of final diagnostic radiography students following feedback on a written assessment. Questionnaire responses were then manually captured and analyzed. Results: Five (5) themes were identified that could possibly be associated with poor academic performance. These themes were, poor preparation, lack of independent study, difficulty in understanding learning content and misinterpretation of assessment questions, inefficient studying techniques as well as perceived improvement strategies. Conclusion: Students identified their inadequate preparation and the lack of dedicated independent studying as the main reasons for poor performance. Students preferred to be taught in an assessment oriented manner. However their identified improvement strategies were aligned with the learner centred approach. © 2012 The College of Radiographers.	Motivation; Radiography students; Studying techniques	academic achievement; article; diagnostic radiography; learning; motivation; paramedical student; planning; priority journal; radiography; teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892382973	Doctoral training in Uganda: Evaluation of mentoring best practices at Makerere university college of health sciences	Nakanjako D., Katamba A., Kaye D.K., Okello E., Kamya M.R., Sewankambo N., Mayanja-Kizza H.	2014	BMC Medical Education	14	1	10.1186/1472-6920-14-9	Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Nakanjako, D., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kaye, D.K., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Okello, E., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kamya, M.R., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Sewankambo, N., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Good mentoring is a key variable for determining success in completing a doctoral program. We identified prevailing mentoring practices among doctoral students and their mentors, identified common challenges facing doctoral training, and proposed some solutions to enhance the quality of the doctoral training experience for both candidates and mentors at Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS). Methods. This cross-sectional qualitative evaluation was part of the monitoring and evaluation program for doctoral training. All doctoral students and their mentors were invited for a half-day workshop through the MakCHS mailing list. Prevailing doctoral supervision and mentoring guidelines were summarised in a one-hour presentation. Participants were split into two homogenous students' (mentees') and mentors' groups to discuss specific issues using a focus group discussion (FGD) guide, that highlighted four main themes in regard to the doctoral training experience; what was going well, what was not going well, proposed solutions to current challenges and perceived high priority areas for improvement. The two groups came together again and the note-takers from each group presented their data and discussions were recorded by a note-taker. Results: Twelve out of 36 invited mentors (33%) and 22 out of 40 invited mentees (55%) attended the workshop. Mentors and mentees noted increasing numbers of doctoral students and mentors, which provided opportunities for peer mentorship. Delays in procurement and research regulatory processes subsequently delayed students' projects. Similarly, mentees mentioned challenges of limited; 1) infrastructure and mentors to support basic science research projects, 2) physical office space for doctoral students and their mentors, 3) skills in budgeting and finance management and 4) communication skills including conflict resolution. As solutions, the team proposed skills' training, induction courses for doctoral students-mentor teams, and a Frequently Asked Questions' document, to better inform mentors', mentees' expectations and experiences. Conclusion: Systemic and infrastructural limitations affect the quality of the doctoral training experience at MaKCHS. Clinical and biomedical research infrastructure, in addition to training in research regulatory processes, procurement and finance management, communication skills and information technology, were highlighted as high priority areas for strategic interventions to improve mentoring within doctoral training of clinician scientists. © 2014 Nakanjako et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Capacity building; Doctoral training; Health care; Low and middle income countries; Mentorship; Supervision; Uganda	academic achievement; article; evaluation study; methodology; organization and management; program evaluation; qualitative research; school; standard; teacher; Uganda; Education, Graduate; Mentors; Program Evaluation; Qualitative Research; Schools, Health Occupations; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751607947	Establishing and maintaining an online community of academics: Longitudinal evaluation of a virtual conference series	Thatcher A., Straker L., Pollock C.	2011	International Journal of Web Based Communities	7	1	10.1504/IJWBC.2011.038129	Psychology Department, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, 2050, South Africa; School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia	Thatcher, A., Psychology Department, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, 2050, South Africa; Straker, L., School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; Pollock, C., School of Psychology, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia	Initiated in 1996, the CybErg international conference series is the only online conference series in the field of ergonomics. Using virtual settlement theory and a model of online community evolution, this article reports on a 12-year longitudinal investigation of the five conferences in the conference series and whether they have been effective in establishing an online academic community and in internationalising the dissemination of knowledge and dialogue of this online community. The results suggest that the conference series is indeed a good example of an online community in an engaged state and has been largely successful in encouraging equality in the international distribution of contributors. This article concludes with new possibilities to enhance the conduct, knowledge production, dialogue, and processes of future online academic conferences. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Computer-supported cooperative work collaboration; Engagement; Knowledge transfer; Online community evolution; Online conferencing; Virtual settlement theory	Academic community; Academic conferences; Engagement; Knowledge production; Knowledge transfer; Online communities; Virtual settlement theory; Ergonomics; Groupware; Knowledge management; Online systems; Online conferencing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879072025	Evaluation of a school-based intervention programme for South African children of divorce	Botha C.J., Wild L.G.	2013	Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health	25	1	10.2989/17280583.2013.768528	Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Botha, C.J., Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Wild, L.G., Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Objective: Parental divorce affects approximately 30 000 South African children annually. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Children of Divorce Intervention Programme (CODIP) at two South African schools. CODIP is a preventively oriented group programme which was developed to foster resilience by helping children cope more effectively with possible academic, behavioural, and emotional problems brought about by their parents divorce. Method: Twenty-five 10- to 14-year-old boys from two primary schools were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and 1 delayed intervention control group. The experimental groups attended 12 one-hour weekly sessions; the control group received no intervention until after the study was completed. Children's understanding of divorce related events and social, emotional and behavioural adjustment was assessed one week before the intervention and three months thereafter using a battery of self-rated, teacher-rated and parent-rated questionnaires. Results: One-way ANOVAs indicated no statistically significant decline in children's self-reported problematic beliefs about divorce or total difficulties. However, teachers and parents ratings indicated that compared to the control group, the combined experimental groups showed significant improvement in their general behavioural, emotional and social adjustment after programme participation. Conclusions: The results suggest that South African children who experience parental divorce may benefit from participation in CODIP. © 2013 NISC Pty Ltd.	None	academic failure; adolescent; article; behavior disorder; child; child care; clinical article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coping behavior; divorced parent; emotional disorder; health program; human; intervention study; male; primary school; questionnaire; rating scale; school child; school health service; self report; social aspect; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952112077	Evaluation of final examination papers in engineering: A case study using bloom's taxonomy	Swart A.J.	2010	IEEE Transactions on Education	53	2	10.1109/TE.2009.2014221	Department of Electronic Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Swart, A.J., Department of Electronic Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Questions are used to obtain information, stimulate thinking, and redirect reasoning. Academics in higher education use questions on a daily basis to stimulate thinking and reasoning in students. Final examination papers are used by academics to assess the retention and application skills of students. The assumption, however, exists that questions relating to application skills at universities of technology should start to dominate the higher academic levels in education, with a subsequent drop in questions regarding retention skills. These questions may be categorized as either higher order or lower order questions. This article attempts to distinguish between these two types of questions in light of Bloom's taxonomy, with similar concepts such as deep and surface learning being examined. The literature review is applied to an electrical engineering module titled Electronics, which serves as the case study. The results of this study indicate that a high percentage of the final examination papers dealt with the objective Application, where students had to make use of numerous mathematical equations to solve various unknowns. The results also indicated that academics in electronics are using more lower order than higher order questions in their final examination papers. A balance is suggested between these two types of questions for various academic levels at universities of technology. © 2009 IEEE.	Academics; Bloom's taxonomy; Examination papers; Higher order questions; Lower order questions	Academic level; Academics; Bloom's taxonomy; Higher education; Higher order; Literature reviews; Mathematical equations; Surface learning; Blooms (metal); Electrical engineering; Paper; Taxonomies; Teaching; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68449104735	Is patenting activity impeding the academic performance of South African University researchers?	Lubango L.M., Pouris A.	2009	Technology in Society	31	3	10.1016/j.techsoc.2009.03.011	Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria, Building 2, Pretoria 002, South Africa	Lubango, L.M., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria, Building 2, Pretoria 002, South Africa; Pouris, A., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria, Building 2, Pretoria 002, South Africa	The present study investigates whether activities related to the patenting of inventions impede or are in conflict with the academic performance of university professors, particularly the publication or the production of public knowledge. The Poisson regression model is used taking into account the confounding effects of other variables deemed to affect the publication productivity, viz.; research/faculty orientation, collaboration, etc. The study is conducted in South Africa, where university R&D is highly funded by the private sector, compared to other countries, viz. USA, UK, Germany, etc. Furthermore, within the South African institutions of learning, there are more incentives to publish than to invent. It is found that: (i) inventiveness and academic performance can co-exist and re-enforce each other, (ii) professors who are inventive have a broader network of researchers-collaborators and (iii) perform highly academically (from the NRF-rating perspective) and publish more than those who do not invent at all. © 2009.	Activity; Collaboration; Patenting; Poisson regression model; Publishing	Academic performance; Activity; Collaboration; Germany; Patenting; Poisson regression model; Poisson regression models; Private sectors; Public knowledge; South Africa; University researchers; Poisson distribution; Poisson equation; Regression analysis; Research; Publishing; academic performance; academic research; learning; numerical model; publishing; regression analysis; research and development; traditional knowledge; university sector; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883446561	The comparative performance of chartered accountancy students in South Africa: The impact of historical legacies	Sartorius K., Sartorius B.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.817307	School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sartorius, K., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sartorius, B., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	African students continue to underperform in South Africa's schools and universities. This paper investigates the comparative performance of African chartered accountancy students from school to post-university level. The paper employed a mixed-method approach to analyse a series of cross-sectional datasets. The results showed that African students have underperformed at school, university and at post-university level, although the performance gap appears to be narrowing in the first professional chartered accountancy examination. The differential performance of these students was explained by poorer marks in mathematics and English that can be traced back to historical legacies in the education sector. South African universities, moreover, perpetuate this disadvantage because they have retained Eurocentric teaching approaches. In order to remove these barriers, tuition at school and university must be complemented by cross-cultural teaching practices and bridging programmes. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	accountancy students; examination performance	academic performance; comparative study; student; teaching; university sector; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866264534	Measuring the impact of educational interventions on the academic performance of academic development students in second-year microeconomics	Smith L.C., Ranchhod V.	2012	South African Journal of Economics	80	3	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01287.x	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Ranchhod, V., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper analyses the impact of educational interventions made in the first- and second-year microeconomics courses on academic development students' final mark in the second-year course. It also addresses issues of methodology, specification, and statistical analysis with respect to other studies in the field. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first-year had a positive impact on the academic performance of the academic development cohort, relative to the mainstream cohort for the first period (2000-2002). The results also suggest that the educational interventions introduced in the second period (2003-2005), in the form of voluntary workshops, improved the academic performance of the academic development and mainstream cohorts. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 Economic Society of South Africa.	Academic development; academic performance; economic education; educational interventions; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; South Africa	academic performance; curriculum; geography education; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; student; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247376503	Using blended learning to boost motivation and performance in introductory economics modules	van Der Merwe A.	2007	South African Journal of Economics	75	1	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2007.00109.x	Department of Applied Management, Durban University of Technology, Scottsville, South Africa	van Der Merwe, A., Department of Applied Management, Durban University of Technology, Scottsville, South Africa	This paper explores the potential of online learning, in a local context, to provide academic economics with much of the context it currently lacks and which may be implicated in students' lack of motivation to engage with the discipline. Since weak motivation can be expected to play out in poor performance, the study set out to establish, firstly, whether the online intervention was a motivational experience for students. Secondly, various tests were performed to determine whether - and how strongly - motivation and performance are related. The study concludes that even the weak statistical promise of online learning, as in this particular case, should be embraced given the interest displayed by students in online economics teaching and learning. © 2007 The Author. Journal compilation © 2007 Economic Society of South Africa 2007.	None	academic performance; economics; learning; student; teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859187717	Exploring the impacts of social networking sites on academic relations in the university	Rambe P.	2011	Journal of Information Technology Education:Research	10	1	None	Office of International Academic Programmes, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Rambe, P., Office of International Academic Programmes, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Social networking sites (SNS) affordances for persistent interaction, collective generation of knowledge, and formation of peer-based clusters for knowledge sharing render them useful for developing constructivist knowledge environments. However, notwithstanding their academic value, these environments are not necessarily insulated from the exercise of academic/ power. Despite a growing corpus of literature on SNS's capacity to enhance social capital formation, foster trust, and connect interactants in remote locations, there is a dearth of research on how SNS potentially leverages academic /power relations in university settings. Mindful of the unsubstantiated nexus between power relations, knowledge construction, and academic appropriation of SNS, unraveling the impact of SNS on lecturer-student and student-peer power relations in the university can illuminate the understanding of this academic connection/puzzle. This work employs Critical Theory of Technology (CTT) and virtual case study method to explore the influence of SNS use on power relations of lecturers, students, and their peers in a blended (Facebook-enhanced) Information Technology course at a middle-sized South African university. The findings demonstrate that academic appropriation of SNS differentially empower academics and students at different times, and students employ various forms of sophisticated authorial language to territorialise power in their interactions with lecturers and peers. Academics and instructional designers are urged to examine different forms of language employed in lecturer-student and student-peer discourses to grasp student learning needs and to foster meaningful, knowledge-rich learning environments.	Academic relations; Critical theory of technology; Differential power; Meaningful learning; Social networking sites	Academic relations; Affordances; Differential power; Instructional designer; Knowledge construction; Knowledge environment; Knowledge-sharing; Learning environments; Meaningful learning; Power relations; Remote location; Social capitals; Social networking sites; Student learning; Study methods; Engineering education; Information technology; Social sciences computing; Students; Teaching; Social networking (online)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-12744278222	'The impact of the aids epidemic' articles by Paul Bennell: Some comments	Kinghorn A., Kelly M.J.	2005	Journal of Development Studies	41	3	10.1080/0022038042000313345	Health and Development Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa; Luwisha House, Lusaka, Zambia	Kinghorn, A., Health and Development Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kelly, M.J., Luwisha House, Lusaka, Zambia	[No abstract available]	None	academic research; acquired immune deficiency syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74049107311	Evaluating the performance of South African economics departments	Luiz J.M.	2009	South African Journal of Economics	77	4	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2009.01228.x	University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 98, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Luiz, J.M., University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 98, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Over the past decade, economics departments in South Africa have seen major changes and a certain level of disruption. Much of this can be attributed to the integration of our discipline into the global arena after a period of academic isolation. This paper presents a survey of economics departments and covers everything from staff profiles and qualifications to curricula, and research output. This paper indicates that there has been some improvement in the state of economics at South African universities since 2003 when the previous survey was conducted. Research output is largely up as is the proportion in international journals, and more researchers are producing in leading international economics publications. However, the gap between South African economics departments and their international counterparts remains large. Journal compilation © 2009 Economic Society of South Africa.	Economics departments; Rankings; South Africa	academic research; curriculum; ranking; university sector; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052029940	Ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro evaluation of wound-healing plants used in South-western Nigeria	Adetutu A., Morgan W.A., Corcoran O.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	1	10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.073	Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	Adetutu, A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Morgan, W.A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Corcoran, O., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional healers in Nigeria employ a range of plant preparations as wound healing agents. Despite the use of local plants in wound healing, there is only scant literature on the wound healing properties of these plants to support the continued therapeutic application of these herbal remedies. Aim of the study: To document plants commonly used to treat wounds in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of such claims using relevant in vitro tests. Materials and methods: Structured questionnaires were used to determine which plant preparations are in common use, via interviews with Yoruba traditional healers. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the nine most common plants cited by the healers were collected, identified and tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and fibroblast proliferation determined by neutral red assay. Results: A total of 20 traditional healers from South-western Nigeria were involved in the study. Thirty-six plant species were recorded with their local names and parts used in the traditional wound healing preparations. Ethanolic extracts of nine species most frequently cited by the healers exhibited strong antioxidant activities (3.8-31.3 μg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (7.3 μg/ml). Crude extracts of the selected plants also inhibited the growth of bacteria with MIC values 0.3-7.6 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (1-30 μg/ml) and Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (15-30 μg/ml) influenced the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts significantly (p < 0.05). Extracts from the remaining seven plants either had no effect on fibroblast proliferation or were cytotoxic. Conclusion: Traditional use of many wound-healing plants from Nigeria can be rationalised by activity determined in relevant in vitro investigations of ethanol and aqueous extracts. These results support the traditional selection of these plants in South-western Nigeria for wound healing. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved.	Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Fibroblast proliferation; Medicinal plants; Nigeria; Wound-healing	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; Aframomum melegueta extract; Ageratum conyzoides extract; annona senegalensis extract; Anogeissus leiocarpa extract; Azadirachta indica extract; Bridelia ferruginea extract; Capsicum frutescence extract; Carica papaya extract; Chromolaena odorata extract; Citrullus lanatus extract; Cocos nucifera extract; Crassocephalum crepidioides extract; Datura stramonium extract; Dichrostachys glomerata extract; Dioscorea hirtiflora extract; Diospyros canaliculata extract; euphorbia heterophylla extract; Euphorbia poissonii extract; Ficus asperifolia extract; Flabellaria paniculata extract; Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; Jatropha curcas extract; Lawsonia inermis extract; Lycopersicon esculentum extract; Morinda lucida extract; Nymphaea lotus extract; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; Acalypha wilkesiana; Aframomum melegueta; ageratum conyzoides; annona senegalensis; Anogeissus leiocarpa; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; article; assay; Azadirachta indica; Bacillus subtilis; bark; bridelia ferruginea; Capsicum frutescence; cell proliferation; Chromolaena odorata; coconut; controlled study; Crassocephalum crepidioides; cytotoxicity; Datura stramonium; Dichrostachys glomerata; Dioscorea hirtiflora; Diospyros canaliculata; Escherichia coli; ethnopharmacology; euphorbia heterophylla; Euphorbia poissonii; Ficus asperifolia; Flabellaria paniculata; fruit; hibiscus sabdariffa; human; human cell; in vitro study; jatropha curcas; Lawsonia inermis; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; morinda lucida; neutral red assay; Nigeria; nonhuman; Nymphaea lotus; ocimum gratissimum; Olax subscorpioides; papaya; Parkia biglobosa; Piliostigma thonningii; plant leaf; plant stem; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; questionnaire; Ricinus communis; Sida acuta; skin fibroblast; Staphylococcus aureus; tomato; traditional medicine; tridax procumbens; vernonia amygdalina; watermelon; wound healing; Xylopia aethiopica; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethnopharmacology; Fibroblasts; Humans; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Picrates; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Questionnaires; Wound Healing; Bacillus subtilis; Bridelia ferruginea; Escherichia coli; Parkia biglobosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922625230	Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in Wistar albino rats	Olukunle J.O., Jacobs E.B., Ajayi O.L., Biobaku K.T., Abatan M.O.	2015	Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine	12	1	10.1515/jcim-2013-0066	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokut	Olukunle, J.O.; Jacobs, E.B., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.L., Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Biobaku, K.T., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abatan, M.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	Background: Acalypha wilkesiana (Euphorbiaceae) is highly accepted for traditional treatment of human plasmodiasis in Africa. Methods: The toxicological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of A. wilkesiana were studied in 45 male and female Wistar albino rats. An acute toxicity testing was done using 21 rats divided into seven groups and LD50 determined. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally over a period of 28 days to rats in three groups with doses of 400mg kg-1, 800mg kg-1 and 1,600 mg kg-1, respectively, and the fourth group administered with water served as control. Blood samples were collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis; organs of the animals were harvested for histopathological examination. Results: The acute toxicity testing showed that the extract was non-toxic at doses up to 3,000mg kg-1 and the LD50 was calculated to be 2,828.34mg kg-1. The study showed that at 1,600mg kg-1 dose, the extract caused a decrease in the level of neutrophils (NEUT) while lymphocytes (LYMP) were statistically significantly increased. The administration of the extract also resulted in varying significant dose dependent increase in the levels of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). There were also significant increases in the level of total protein (TP), urea (URN) and albumin (GLB) especially at 1,600mg kg-1 dosage. Histopathology showed that the extract caused mild to severe significant lesions that are dose dependent in the liver and kidney when compared with the control group. Conclusions: Prolonged administration of high dose of A. wilkesiana extract has tendency to cause organ toxicity. © 2015, walter de gruyter gmbh. All rights reserved.	Acalypha wilkesiana; Hematology; Histopathology; Serum biochemistry; Toxicity	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; plant extract; protein; unclassified drug; urea; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; plant extract; urea; Acalypha wilkesiana; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; controlled study; disease severity; dose response; histopathology; LD 50; liver toxicity; lymphocyte; nephrotoxicity; neutrophil; nonhuman; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; urea blood level; Wistar rat; Acalypha; adverse effects; animal; blood; drug effects; enzymology; female; kidney; liver; male; metabolism; toxicity testing; Acalypha; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Kidney; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551539471	Hypoglycemic evaluation of a new triterpene and other compounds isolated from Euclea undulata Thunb. var. myrtina (Ebenaceae) root bark	Deutschländer M.S., Lall N., Van De Venter M., Hussein A.A.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	133	3	10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.038	Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Deutschländer, M.S., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Van De Venter, M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Hussein, A.A., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Aim of the study: Investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of the four isolated compounds from a crude acetone extract of the root bark of Euclea undulata var. myrtina, which is used by traditional healers in the Venda area, Limpopo Province in the treatment of diabetes. Material and methods: The hypoglycaemic activity of the four compounds isolated from Euclea undulata was determined by in vitro screening of glucose utilization by C2C12 myocytes at a concentration of 25 μg/ml or 50 μg/ml. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was also tested at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 200.00 μg/ml. Results: Assay-guided isolation of the crude acetone extract of the root bark of Euclea undulata var. myrtina afforded a new triterpene, α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid (1), in addition to three known compounds; betulin (2), lupeol (3) and epicatechin (4). The in vitro results on C2C12 myocytes suggest that compound 4 may have some effect to lowers blood glucose levels, whereas compound 1 has the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase at a concentration of 200.0 μg/ml with an IC50 value of 4.79 that correlates with that of the positive control acarbose IC50 value 4.75. Conclusion: The results suggest that 4 may have some ability to lower blood glucose levels, whereas 1 has the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. Ethnopharmacological relevance: These findings corroborate the ethnomedicinal use of Euclea undulata by traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes as two substances was isolated from the acetone plant extract that exhibit hypoglycaemic activity. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	α-Glucosidase; C2C12 myocytes; Ebenaceae; Euclea undulata; Hypoglycaemic activity; New triterpene	acarbose; alpha amyrin 3 o beta (5 hydroxy)ferulic acid; alpha glucosidase; antidiabetic agent; betulin; epicatechin; Euclea undulata extract; glucose; lupeol; plant extract; triterpene; unclassified drug; article; bark; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug activity; drug screening; Ebenaceae; enzyme inhibition; Euclea undulata; glucose utilization; hypoglycemic activity; IC 50; muscle cell; plant root; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ebenaceae; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Triterpenes; Ebenaceae; Euclea undulata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900831771	Evaluation of six plant species used traditionally in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in South Africa using in vitro methods	Boaduo N.K.K., Katerere D., Eloff J.N., Naidoo V.	2014	Pharmaceutical Biology	52	6	10.3109/13880209.2013.869828	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Biomedical Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa	Boaduo, N.K.K., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Katerere, D., South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Naidoo, V., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Biomedical Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa	Context: Numerous plants are used by the local communities of South Africa for the treatment and management of type II diabetes. Objectives: For this study, we undertook a survey of the plants sold for the management of diabetes in the town of Newcastle, South Africa. Identified plants were subsequently evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic activity. Materials and methods: Plants were identified through an interview with a herbalist at the market. Antidiabetic activity of extracts of purchased plants was evaluated using in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, as well as islets of Langerhans excretory activity. Results: Senna alexandrina Mill. (Fabaceae), Cymbopogon citrates Stapf. (Poaceae), Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucuribitaceae), Nuxia floribunda Benth. (Stilbaceae), Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. and Mey (Hypoxidaceae), and Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Lauraceae) were identified. The hexane extract of S. alexandrina (EC50=0.083mg/ml), ethyl acetate extract of H. hemerocallidea (EC50=0.29mg/ml), and methanol extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (EC50=0.31mg/ml) and Cinnamomum cassia (EC50=0.12mg/ml) had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, albeit lower than acarbose (EC50=0.50mg/ml). All the plants had good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (>50%) with the exception of some methanol (Cinnamomum cassia, N. floribunda, and Cymbopogon citratus) and acetone extracts (Cucurbita pepo and N. floribunda). Only the H. hemerocallidea acetone extract had an insulin stimulatory effect (2.5U/ml at 8μg/ml). Conclusion: All the evaluated plants demonstrated inhibitory activity against the specific GIT enzyme systems evaluated. Only H. hemerocallidea had insulin secretory activity, adding evidence to the traditional use of these purchased plants in the management of the type II diabetic post-prandial hyperglycemia. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.	Antidiabetic; Islets of Langerhans; α-amylase; α-glucosidase	acarbose; alpha glucosidase; amylase; antidiabetic agent; Cinnamomum cassia extract; Cucurbita pepo extract; Cymbopogon citrates extract; glibenclamide; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; insulin; Nuxia floribunda extract; plant extract; Senna alexandrina extract; unclassified drug; antidiabetic agent; plant extract; animal cell; antidiabetic activity; article; controlled study; Cucurbita pepo; Cymbopogon citrates; diabetes mellitus; drug mechanism; drug screening; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Nuxia floribunda; pancreas islet; rat; Senna alexandrina; South Africa; animal; blood; cell culture; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; drug effects; isolation and purification; medicinal plant; metabolism; procedures; Sprague Dawley rat; treatment outcome; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islets of Langerhans; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916939044	Impact of Varroa destructor on honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) colony development in South Africa	Strauss U., Pirk C.W.W., Crewe R.M., Human H., Dietemann V.	2015	Experimental and Applied Acarology	65	1	10.1007/s10493-014-9842-7	Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Research Station, Bern, Switzerland	Strauss, U., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Pirk, C.W.W., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Crewe, R.M., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Human, H., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Dietemann, V., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Research Station, Bern, Switzerland	The devastating effects of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman on European honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) have been well documented. Not only do these mites cause physical damage to parasitised individuals when they feed on them, they also transmit viruses and other pathogens, weaken colonies and can ultimately cause their death. Nevertheless, not all honeybee colonies are doomed once Varroa mites become established. Some populations, such as the savannah honeybee, A. m. scutellata, have become tolerant after the introduction of the parasite and are able to withstand the presence of these mites without the need for acaricides. In this study, we measured daily Varroa mite fall, Varroa infestation rates of adult honeybees and worker brood, and total Varroa population size in acaricide treated and untreated honeybee colonies. In addition, honeybee colony development was compared between these groups in order to measure the cost incurred by Varroa mites to their hosts. Daily Varroa mite fall decreased over the experimental period with different dynamics in treated and untreated colonies. Varroa infestation rates in treated adult honeybees and brood were lower than in untreated colonies, but not significantly so. Thus, indicating a minimal benefit of treatment thereby suggesting that A. m. scutellata have the ability to maintain mite populations at low levels. We obtained baseline data on Varroa population dynamics in a tolerant honeybee over the winter period. Varroa mites appeared to have a low impact on this honeybee population, given that colony development was similar in the treated and untreated colonies. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Apis mellifera scutellata; Honeybee; Infestation; Mite; Tolerance; Varroa destructor	Acari; Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera scutellata; Varroa; Varroa destructor; acaricide; animal; bee; drug effects; growth, development and aging; parasitology; physiology; season; South Africa; time; Varroidae; Acaricides; Animals; Bees; Seasons; South Africa; Time Factors; Varroidae	NRF, National Research Foundation of Korea; UP, National Research Foundation of Korea
None	None	Epidemiological aspects and economic impact of bovine theileriosis (East Coast fever) and its control: A preliminary assessment with special reference to Kibaha district, Tanzania	Kivaria F.M., Ruheta M.R., Mkonyi P.A., Malamsha P.C.	2007	Veterinary Journal	173	2	10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.013	Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Kivaria, F.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ruheta, M.R., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mkonyi, P.A., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malamsha, P.C., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	A cross-sectional study based on clinical examination, inspection of herd health records and a questionnaire was designed to determine the epidemiology, economics and potential impact of immunisation against theileriosis in Tanzania. The results showed annual theileriosis costs to be US$ 205.40 per head, whereas the introduction of immunisation reduced this by 40-68% depending on the post immunisation dipping strategy adopted. Morbidity risk due to theileriosis was 0.048 in immunised and 0.235 in non-immunised cattle, and the difference was significant (χ2 = 66.7; P = 0.000). The questionnaire results indicated that immunised cattle had a significantly (χ2 = 6; P = 0.015) higher risk of anaplasmosis compared with non-immunised cattle, whereas the risk of bovine babesiosis did not differ significantly (χ2 = 0.06; P = 0.807) between the two groups. Mortality risk due to anaplasmosis was 0.046 in immunised and 0.018 in non-immunised cattle and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.48; P = 0.043). The theileriosis mortality risk was 0.203 in the non-immunised cattle, while the risk was 0.009 in the immunised cattle and these differences were also significant (χ2 = 103; P = 0.000). It was concluded that farmers who have immunised their cattle may cautiously cut down acaricide application by 50% for extensively grazed herds and by 75% for zero grazed animals depending on the level of tick challenge at the herd level. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anaplasmosis; Babesiosis; Cost benefit ratio; Infection and treatment method; Net present value; Tanzania; Theileriosis; Tick-borne disease	acaricide; agricultural worker; anaplasmosis; animal experiment; animal model; animal parasitosis; article; babesiosis; cattle disease; clinical examination; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; economic evaluation; epidemiological data; grazing; herd; immunization; medical record; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; prevalence; questionnaire; statistical significance; Tanzania; Animals; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Insecticides; Protozoan Vaccines; Tanzania; Theileriasis; Tick Control; Vaccination; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896361933	Evaluation of acaricide-treated string curtains for control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse roses and impact of the string curtain on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari	Deletre E.M., Bonafos R., Martin T.	2014	Crop Protection	60	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2014.02.005	Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Deletre, E.M., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; Bonafos, R., SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Martin, T., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France, Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Foliar sprays of pesticides are frequently used to control two-spotted mites on rose flowers, but these also destroy predatory mites and pose a high risk of contamination for humans and the environment. Using a novel approach to avoid spray applications on rose plants, modified acaricide-treated string curtains were adapted to control the pest. Two main aims of this study were: (i) to identify the lethal concentration of string curtains treated with propargite, dicofol, flufenoxuron, acrinathrin or tau-fluvalinate (τ-fluvalinate) on Tetranychus urticae, and (ii) to test the design (feasibility) and efficiency of the string curtains to trap the phytophagous mites on the plants during their circadian migration. Bioassay results in the lab confirmed T.urticae circadian migration, toxicity of the five kinds of treated string curtains and a concentration-dependent repellent effect of each chemical on T.urticae females. Of the two products tested in the field, dicofol was more effective than acrinathrin in controlling T.urticae compared to an acaricidal spray of the same products. The effect of acaricide-treated string curtain use on Phytoseiulus persimilis did not differ significantly from the control. The string curtain technique proved to be effective, but because of some biotic and abiotic constraints and the low economic threshold of mites, even for the commercialized high canopy stem roses, the present device could be more appropriate for another horticultural crop, e.g. tomato. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Impregnated material; Phytoseiulus persimilis; Repellency; Roses; Tetranychus urticae; Toxicity	acaricide; bioassay; canopy; design; horticulture; migration; mite; pest control; pesticide; pollution effect; predator; risk factor; shrub; threshold; toxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745087239	The impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in Limpopo province, South Africa	Rikhotso B.O., Stoltsz W.H., Bryson N.R., Sommerville J.E.M.	2005	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	76	4	None	Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Services, Limpopo Provincial Government, Private Bag X1321, Thulamahashe 1365, South Africa; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Rikhotso, B.O., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa, Department of Veterinary Services, Limpopo Provincial Government, Private Bag X1321, Thulamahashe 1365, South Africa; Stoltsz, W.H., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Bryson, N.R., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Sommerville, J.E.M., Department of Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the Bushbuckridge region, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (Babesia bigemina and Babesin bovis) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. To this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were assayed for B. bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma antibodies. Cattle in the intensively dipped group were dipped 26 times and maintained on a 14-day dipping interval throughout the study, whereas cattle in the strategically dipped group were dipped only 13 times. Three cattle, from which adult ticks were collected, were selected from each village, while immature ticks were collected by drag-sampling the surrounding vegetation. During the dipping process, a questionnaire aimed at assessing the prevalence of clinical cases of tick-borne disease, abscesses and mortalities was completed by an Animal Health Technician at each diptank. An increase in seroprevalence to B. bovis and B. bigemina and a decrease in seroprevalence to Anaplasma was detected in the strategically dipped group while in the intensively dipped group the converse was true. Amblyomma hebraeum was the most numerous tick species on the cattle, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was more plentiful than Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. Drag samples yielded more immature stages of A. hebraeum than of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. The incidence of clinical cases of tick-borne disease and of abscesses increased in the strategically dipped group at the start of the survey.	Amblyomma hebraeum; Anaplasma marginale; Babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; Catte; Communal grazing; Endemic stability; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Strategic dipping	acaricide; protozoon antibody; bacterium antibody; insecticide; abscess; Anaplasma marginale; anaplasmosis; article; Babesia; babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; babesiosis; blood sampling; cattle; cattle disease; cattle farming; controlled study; disease surveillance; endemic disease; female; grazing; infection control; male; mortality; nonhuman; parasite development; questionnaire; Rhipicephalus; seroprevalence; South Africa; tick; tick borne disease; vegetation; animal; animal disease; blood; drug effect; epidemiology; growth, development and aging; microbiology; parasitology; season; treatment outcome; Acari; Amblyomma hebraeum; Anaplasma; Anaplasma marginale; Animalia; Babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; Boophilus; Boophilus bigemina; Boophilus bovis; Bos taurus; Ixodida; Rhipicephalus; Anaplasma marginale; Anaplasmosis; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Protozoan; Babesia; Babesia bovis; Babesiosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Insecticides; Male; Seasons; Seroepidemiologic Studies; South Africa; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052827621	Evaluation of options for improving hatchability in indigenous free-range chickens in Eastern Uganda	Kirunda H., Muwereza N.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	9	None	National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), PO Box 96, Tororo, Uganda	Kirunda, H., National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), PO Box 96, Tororo, Uganda; Muwereza, N., National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), PO Box 96, Tororo, Uganda	Different options for improving hatchability in indigenous free-range chickens were evaluated. The aim was to establish alternatives that could increase mean hatchability to more than 80% as previously reported in village chickens in other countries. A total of 1,182 hens were recruited. Farmers were required to provide water and feed provision at nest, turn eggs in the nest and monitor hens for any mite infestation. Independent variables were site of egg storage, type of nest material, number of eggs provided to hen to incubate and hen-cockerel relationship. The study response variable was hatchability proportions. Data on these parameters were captured. Quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS for descriptive statistics and determination of significance of relationships done using Kruskal-Wallis Test (p=0.05). There was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between hatchability and site of egg storage; nest material used; number of eggs incubated; and the relationship between parent hen and cock. Hens incubating egg stored on trays, using cotton as nest material, incubating 12-14 eggs and mated to unrelated cockerel had frequencies of >80% mean hatchability in at least 55.0%, 57.9%, 58.5% and 57.3% of the study hens, respectively. In addition to provision of water and feed at nest and turning eggs at least four times a day, farmers should be encouraged to use egg trays for storage, use of cotton, straw or sawdust as nest material, provide only 12-14 eggs and mate hens only to unrelated cocks if hatchability is to be increased to> 80% among free-range chickens in Eastern Uganda.	Egg site storage; Feed and water supplement; Nest material; Number of incubated eggs	Acari; Gallus gallus; Gossypium hirsutum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40749116957	The genus Hyalomma koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology	Apanaskevich D.A., Horak I.G.	2008	International Journal of Acarology	34	1	None	United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Apanaskevich, D.A., United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Horak, I.G., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The systematic morphology of species within the Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of ticks is illustrated and their relationships within this assemblage are discussed. Traditionally this group comprises the extremely polymorphic species Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch, 1844 subdivided into four subspecies, namely H. (E.) marginatum marginatum Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum rufipes Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum isaaci Sharif, 1928 and H. (E.) marginatum turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946. A fifth member of the association, namely H. (E.) glabrum Delpy, 1949, has recently been re-instated as a full species. The taxonomic rank of the first mentioned four ticks is herein raised to species level. Details on the repositories of type specimens, synonyms, descriptions, variability, hosts, geographic distribution, and disease relationships of these four ticks are provided, and all their developmental stages are illustrated.	Acari; Female; Geographic distribution; H (E.) isaaci sharif; H (E.) turanicum pomerantzev; H. (E.) marginatum koch; H. (E.) rufipes koch; Hyalomma (euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex; Ixodidae; Larva; Male; Nymph; Systematics	Acari; Hyalomma; Hyalomma marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum rufipes; Hyalomma rufipes; Ixodida; Ixodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960851883	Impact of measles elimination activities on immunization services and health systems: Findings from six countries	Hanvoravongchai P., Mounier-Jack S., Oliveira Cruz V., Balabanova D., Biellik R., Kitaw Y., Koehlmoos T., Loureiro S., Molla M., Nguyen H., Ongolo-Zogo P., Sadykova U., Sarma H., Teixeira M., Uddin J., Dabbagh A., Griffiths U.K.	2011	Journal of Infectious Diseases	204	None	10.1093/infdis/jir091	Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, 5-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Independent Department, Geneva, Switzerland; Independent Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Health Management, Environmental Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Hanoi School of Public Health, Viet Nam; Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Avenue Henri Dunant, Cameroon; WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Hanvoravongchai, P., Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Mounier-Jack, S., Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, 5-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Oliveira Cruz, V., Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, 5-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Balabanova, D., Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, 5-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Biellik, R., Independent Department, Geneva, Switzerland; Kitaw, Y., Independent Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Koehlmoos, T., Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Loureiro, S., Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Molla, M., Department of Health Management, Environmental Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Nguyen, H., Department of Epidemiology, Hanoi School of Public Health, Viet Nam; Ongolo-Zogo, P., Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Avenue Henri Dunant, Cameroon; Sadykova, U.; Sarma, H., Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Teixeira, M., Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Uddin, J., Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Dabbagh, A., WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; Griffiths, U.K., Department of Global Health and Development, LSHTM, 5-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom	Background. One of the key concerns in determining the appropriateness of establishing a measles eradication goal is its potential impact on routine immunization services and the overall health system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of accelerated measles elimination activities (AMEAs) on immunization services and health systems in 6 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam. Methods. Primary data were collected from key informant interviews and staff profiling surveys. Secondary data were collected from policy documents, studies, and reports. Data analysis used qualitative approaches. Results. This study found that the impact of AMEAs varied, with positive and negative implications in specific immunization and health system functions. On balance, the impacts on immunization services were largely positive in Bangladesh, Brazil, Tajikistan, and Vietnam, while negative impacts were more significant in Cameroon and Ethiopia. Conclusions. We conclude that while weaker health systems may not be able to benefit sufficiently from AMEAs, in more developed health systems, disruptions to health service delivery are unlikely to occur. Opportunities to strengthen the routine immunization service and health system should be actively sought to address system bottlenecks in order to incur benefits to eradication program itself as well as other health priorities. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	accelerated measles elimination activity; article; awareness; Bangladesh; Brazil; Cameroon; disease surveillance; Ethiopia; financial management; health care delivery; health care financing; health care personnel management; health care planning; health care survey; health care system; human; infection control; interview; measles; measles vaccination; medical information system; preventive health service; priority journal; public-private partnership; Tajikistan; Viet Nam; Africa; Asia; economics; health; health care delivery; health care manpower; health survey; measles; methodology; preventive health service; standard; measles vaccine; Africa; Asia; Brazil; Delivery of Health Care; Financial Management; Health Manpower; Humans; Immunization Programs; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Population Surveillance; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879687751	Evaluation of performance of stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) using accelerated pavement testing	Ogundipe O.M., Thom N.H., Collop A.C.	2013	International Journal of Pavement Engineering	14	6	10.1080/10298436.2012.742193	Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti-State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Leicest	Ogundipe, O.M., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti-State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Thom, N.H., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Collop, A.C., Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom	This study examines the performance of stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) under traffic loading. Accelerated pavement test facility at the University of Nottingham was used for the study. It involves construction and trafficking of a pavement with sections having SAMI and without SAMI. The study indicates that the SAMI is able to delay reflective cracking. It shows that the performance of the SAMI depends on the thickness of the SAMI and the interface bonding between the overlay and the SAMI. Also, it reveals that when SAMI is used between an existing cracked pavement and an overlay, the interface shear stiffness of the overlay and SAMI plays a role in isolating the overlay from the relative deflection of the cracked underlying layer due to traffic loading. © 2013 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	crack; overlay; reflective cracking; SAMI; traffic	Accelerated pavement testing; Interface bonding; Interface shear; overlay; Reflective cracking; SAMI; Underlying layers; University of Nottingham; Pavements; Telecommunication traffic; Traffic surveys; Cracks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876702326	Weathering performance of delignified pine-based polyvinyl chloride composites	Fabiyi J.S., McDonald A.G.	2013	Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites	32	8	10.1177/0731684412472382	Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria; Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132, United States	Fabiyi, J.S., Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria; McDonald, A.G., Renewable Materials Program, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132, United States	The influence of pine fiber treatments on the color and chemical changes of polyvinyl chloride-based wood plastic composites exposed to outside and xenon-arc accelerated weathering was investigated. The wood plastic composites were produced from pine fiber (untreated control, acetone extracted, and holocellulose (delignified)) and polyvinyl chloride. Different analytical tools (colorimetry, microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography) were employed for weathered wood plastic composites characterization. The study showed that longer exposure time in both outside and accelerated weathering regimes caused an increase in color change and lightness, cracking, higher oxidation but decrease in wood (lignin) content of the weathered wood plastic composites' surface for all the wood fiber types. The polyvinyl chloride molecular weight decreased with increase in exposure time of the composites. From this study, delignified wood fiber-based wood plastic composites had less color (lightness) change and reduced surface cracking with lowest weathered surface oxidation. Furthermore, relationships between accelerated and outside weathered wood plastic composite surfaces were observed. © The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/ journalsPermissions.nav.	Composites; degradation; spectroscopy; water absorption; wood plastic composites	Accelerated weathering; Chemical change; Fiber treatment; Surface cracking; Surface oxidations; Untreated control; Weathering performance; Wood plastic composite; Acetone; Color; Colorimetry; Composite materials; Degradation; Fibers; Gel permeation chromatography; Infrared spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Surface defects; Water absorption; Weathering; Xenon; Wood products; Acetone; Chromatography; Color; Colorimetry; Degradation; Infrared Spectroscopy; Polymer Wood Combinations; Water Absorption; Weathering; Wood Products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888628997	On the performance of linear decreasing inertia weight particle swarm optimization for global optimization	Arasomwan M.A., Adewumi A.O.	2013	The Scientific World Journal	2013	None	10.1155/2013/860289	School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Arasomwan, M.A., School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Adewumi, A.O., School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Linear decreasing inertia weight (LDIW) strategy was introduced to improve on the performance of the original particle swarm optimization (PSO). However, linear decreasing inertia weight PSO (LDIW-PSO) algorithm is known to have the shortcoming of premature convergence in solving complex (multipeak) optimization problems due to lack of enough momentum for particles to do exploitation as the algorithm approaches its terminal point. Researchers have tried to address this shortcoming by modifying LDIW-PSO or proposing new PSO variants. Some of these variants have been claimed to outperform LDIW-PSO. The major goal of this paper is to experimentally establish the fact that LDIW-PSO is very much efficient if its parameters are properly set. First, an experiment was conducted to acquire a percentage value of the search space limits to compute the particle velocity limits in LDIW-PSO based on commonly used benchmark global optimization problems. Second, using the experimentally obtained values, five well-known benchmark optimization problems were used to show the outstanding performance of LDIW-PSO over some of its competitors which have in the past claimed superiority over it. Two other recent PSO variants with different inertia weight strategies were also compared with LDIW-PSO with the latter outperforming both in the simulation experiments conducted. © 2013 Martins Akugbe Arasomwan and Aderemi Oluyinka Adewumi.	None	acceleration; algorithm; article; controlled study; global optimization; linear decreasing inertia weight; parameters; particle size; particle swarm optimization; problem solving; process optimization; quality control; simulation; stochastic model; task performance; velocity; animal; animal behavior; bird; physiology; theoretical model; Algorithms; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Birds; Models, Theoretical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953061837	Improving the performance of two-stroke motorcycle with tuned adjustable exhaust pipe	Obodeh O., Ogbor A.D.	2009	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	1	2	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria	Obodeh, O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria; Ogbor, A.D., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria	Engine performance is strongly dependent on gas dynamic phenomena in intake and exhaust systems. Careful design of the manifolds enables the engineer to manipulate the characteristics. The basic exhaust tuning mechanisms was described w ith respect to a two-stroke single-cylinder engine. Tuned adjustable exhaust pipe for use on two-stroke motorcycle was designed and tested. The dynamometer used incorporated a flywheel of appropriate moment of inertia to simulate the mass of the motorcycle and rider. The test procedure involved measurement of the flywheel speed during an acceleration phase resulting from opening the throttle. Calculation of the instantaneous flywheel acceleration gave a measure of the torque and power characteristics. The airflow based values of delivery ratio; trapping efficiency and charging efficiency were not measured directly but were culled from the fuel flow values and the Spindt computation of the exhaust gas analysis. Experimental test results were presented for power output, specific fuel consumption and engine-out emissions. The tuned exhaust system was found to improve fuel economy of the engine by 12%. The major engine-out emissions, HC and CO were reduced by a minimum of 27.8% and 10.7% respectively. An improved power output of 15.8% increase was achieved. As a bonus, it w as also found that the exhaust noise was reduced. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009.	Motorcycle; Performance characteristics; Tuned exhaust pipe	Acceleration phase; Charging efficiency; Delivery ratio; Dynamic phenomena; Engine performance; Engine-out emissions; Exhaust noise; Exhaust pipes; Exhaust systems; Experimental test; Fuel flow; Gas analysis; Intake and exhaust; Moment of inertia; Performance characteristics; Power characteristic; Power out put; Single-cylinder engines; Specific fuel consumption; Test procedures; Trapping efficiencies; Tuned exhaust pipe; Tuning mechanism; Engine cylinders; Flywheels; Fuel economy; Fuels; Gas fuel analysis; Machine design; Motorcycles; Pipe; Testing; Wheels; Exhaust systems (engine)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954438383	Impact of methodological decisions on accelerometer outcome variables in young children	Ojiambo R., Cuthill R., Budd H., Konstabel K., Casajús J.A., González-Agüero A., Anjila E., Reilly J.J., Easton C., Pitsiladis Y.P.	2011	International Journal of Obesity	35	SUPPL.1	10.1038/ijo.2011.40	College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom	Ojiambo, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Cuthill, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Budd, H., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Konstabel, K., National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Casajús, J.A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; González-Agüero, A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Anjila, E., Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Reilly, J.J., Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Easton, C., School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y.P., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Background: The impact of accelerometer-related methodological decisions relating to the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time has not been conclusively determined in young children. Objectives: To determine the effects of epoch and cutoff points on the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time and to determine the accelerometer wear time required to achieve reliable accelerometer data in children. Design: Children were recruited from centres at Ghent, Glasgow, Gothenburg and Zaragoza. Methods: Physical activity was assessed for 1 week in 86 children (41 girls, 45 boys; mean age 7±2 years) by uniaxial accelerometry. The epoch was set at 15 s and reintegrated to 30 and 60 s. Time spent sedentary and in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using a range of cutoff points. Number of days required to achieve 80% reliability was predicted using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula. Results: The Reilly cutoff points (<1100 counts per min (CPM)) indicated less sedentary time per day when comparing 15 vs 30 s and 15 vs 60 s epochs: 570±91 vs 579±93 min and 570±91 vs 579±94 min, respectively; P<0.05. Pate cutoff points (>420 counts per 15 s) reported more MVPA time per day compared with Sirard (890 counts per 15 s) and Puyau cutoff points (>3200 counts per min) using 15 s epoch: 78 (4-197) min (median (range) vs 18 (1-80) min and 24 (1-100) min, respectively; P<0.001. Compliance with guidelines of at least 60 min MVPA was 84, 78 and 73% for Pate cutoff points using 15, 30 and 60 s epochs, respectively, but 0% for Sirard and Puyau cutoff points across epochs. The number of days required to achieve 80% reliability for CPM, sedentary and MVPA time was 7.4-8.5 days. Conclusion: Choice of epoch and cutoff point significantly influenced the classification of sedentary and MVPA time and observed compliance to the MVPA guidelines. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.	accelerometry; IDEFICS; MVPA; objective measurement	accelerometer; article; body composition; child; correlation coefficient; female; human; human experiment; male; methodology; normal human; outcome variable; physical activity; practice guideline; priority journal; reliability; school child; sedentary lifestyle; Acceleration; Child; Decision Making; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Motor Activity; Sedentary Lifestyle	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548274984	The correlation of segment accelerations and impact forces with knee angle in jump landing	Elvin N.G., Elvin A.A., Arnoczky S.P., Torry M.R.	2007	Journal of Applied Biomechanics	23	3	None	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, United States	Elvin, N.G., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Elvin, A.A., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Arnoczky, S.P., Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Torry, M.R., Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, United States	Impact forces and shock deceleration during jumping and running have been associated with various knee injury etiologies. This study investigates the influence of jump height and knee contact angle on peak ground reaction force and segment axial accelerations. Ground reaction force, segment axial acceleration, and knee angles were measured for 6 male subjects during vertical jumping. A simple spring-mass model is used to predict the landing stiffness at impact as a function of (1) jump height, (2) peak impact force, (3) peak tibial axial acceleration, (4) peak thigh axial acceleration, and (5) peak trunk axial acceleration. Using a nonlinear least square fit, a strong (r = 0.86) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation was found between knee contact angle and stiffness calculated using the peak impact force and jump height. The same model also showed that the correlation was strong (r = 0.81) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) between knee contact angle and stiffness calculated from the peak trunk axial accelerations. The correlation was weaker for the peak thigh (r = 0.71) and tibial (r = 0.45) axial accelerations. Using the peak force but neglecting jump height in the model, produces significantly worse correlation (r = 0.58). It was concluded that knee contact angle significantly influences both peak ground reaction forces and segment accelerations. However, owing to the nonlinear relationship, peak forces and segment accelerations change more rapidly at smaller knee flexion angles (i.e., close to full extension) than at greater knee flexion angles. © 2007 Human Kinetics, Inc.	Accelerometers; Jumping height; Landing ground reaction	Accelerometers; Contact angle; Correlation theory; Impact strength; Physiological models; Stiffness; Ground reaction force; Jump landing; Jumping height; Knee angle; Shock deceleration; Biomechanics; acceleration; adult; article; correlation analysis; force; height; human; human experiment; jumping; knee function; male; nonlinear system; normal human; statistical significance; thigh; tibia; trunk; Acceleration; Adult; Computer Simulation; Gait; Humans; Knee Joint; Locomotion; Male; Models, Biological; Range of Motion, Articular; Stress, Mechanical; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846326302	Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector	Brooks M.J., Mills I., Harms T.M.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Brooks, M.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Mills, I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Harms, T.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The performance of a South African parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) module has been characterised using the ASHRAE 93-1986 standard. The collector is designed for component testing and development in a solar energy research programme. Low-temperature testing was performed at Mangosuthu Technikon's STARlab facility using water as the working fluid. Both an evacuated glass-shielded receiver and an unshielded receiver were tested, with which peak thermal efficiencies of 53.8% and 55.2% were obtained respectively. The glass-shielded element offered superior performance at the maximum test temperature, desensitising the receiver to wind and reducing the overall heat loss coefficient by half. The collector time constants for both receivers indicate low thermal inertia and the measured acceptance angles exceed the tracking accuracy of the PTSC, ensuring the collector operates within 2% of its optimal efficiency at all times. Off-sun thermal loss results and the behaviour of the PTSC under increased angles of incidence are described. A description of the test system components is given.	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constant	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constants; Heat losses; Project management; Solar energy; Standardization; Temperature control; Solar collectors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455181977	Intrinsic and tomographic evaluation of siemens e.cam® SPECT system at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital (Ghana)	Sosu E.K., Hasford F., Nani E.K., Amuasi J.H., Otoo F.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	10	None	Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Atomic Campus, Accra, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon- Accra, Ghana	Sosu, E.K., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Hasford, F., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Nani, E.K., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Amuasi, J.H., School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Atomic Campus, Accra, Ghana; Otoo, F., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon- Accra, Ghana	Intrinsic and tomographic evaluation tests on the Siemens e.cam® Signature Series Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) system were conducted to ensure that it meets the specification required by the user and the capabilities claimed by the manufacturer after installation. The tests were performed according to National Electrical Manufacturers Association protocols and various measuring instrument and point sources containing 99 m-Tc were used. Intrinsic tests performed include intrinsic flood uniformity, intrinsic count rate performance in air and intrinsic energy resolution. Whole body scanning, SPECT resolution without scatter, SPECT resolution with inserts, SPECT uniformity and center of rotation were also evaluated. The intrinsic count rate performance measured was 300kcps as against manufactures' specification of 310 kcps, intrinsic energy resolution was 9.31% whiles manufacturers' specification was # 9.9% and center of rotation specification is that Max. X-Min. X< 1 pixel and RMS < 0.5 whiles values measured was 0.254 and 0.10 for LEAP and 0.092 and 0.083 for LEHR collimators. The evaluation confirm that the SPECT system met the requirements for clinical medical imagine and also the values obtained could be used as baseline data for future quality control. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Acceptance testing; Quality control; Radio pharmaceuticals; Radioactivity; Tomography; Uniformity	Acceptance testing; Baseline data; Center of rotation; Count rate performance; Evaluation test; Intrinsic energy resolution; Measuring instruments; National Electrical Manufacturers Associations; Point sources; Radio pharmaceuticals; Siemens; SPECT system; Tomographic; Uniformity; Whole body; Hospitals; Quality control; Radioactivity; Rotation; Specifications; Tomography; Single photon emission computed tomography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349087778	Hall and thermoelectric evaluation of p-type InAs	Wagener M.C., Wagener V., Botha J.R.	2009	Physica B: Condensed Matter	404	23-24	10.1016/j.physb.2009.08.256	Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Wagener, M.C., Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Wagener, V., Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Botha, J.R., Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	This paper compares the galvanometric and thermoelectric evaluation of the electrical characteristics of narrow gap semiconductors. In particular, the influence of a surface inversion layer is incorporated into the analysis of the temperature-dependent Hall and thermoelectric measurements of p-type InAs. The temperature at which the Seebeck coefficient of p-type material changes sign is shown to be unaffected by the presence of degenerate conduction paths. This finding consequently facilitated the direct determination of the acceptor density of lightly doped thin film InAs. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Hall effect; InAs; p-Doping; Thermoelectric effect	Acceptor density; Conduction paths; Direct determination; Electrical characteristic; InAs; Material change; Narrow-gap semiconductors; P-doping; P-type; Surface inversion layer; Temperature dependent; Thermoelectric effect; Thermoelectric effects; Thermoelectric measurements; Gyrators; Hall effect; Semiconducting indium; Semiconductor doping; Magnetic field effects	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051564160	Land, landlords and sustainable livelihoods: The impact of agrarian reform on a coconut hacienda in the Philippines	Vista B.M., Nel E., Binns T.	2012	Land Use Policy	29	1	10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.06.002	Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand; Research Fellow, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Vista, B.M., Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand; Nel, E., Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand, Research Fellow, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Binns, T., Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand	Agrarian reform has been a key theme on the development agenda of many countries in the Global South for decades. Whilst such interventions are often pursued for political goals and in the interests of empowerment, there is often a mismatch between these goals and the actual outcomes achieved. Within this context, this study investigates the impacts of agrarian reform in Del Rosario, a former coconut hacienda in the Philippines. This is done in an attempt to explore whether agrarian reform has facilitated the creation of sustainable livelihoods among its beneficiaries, in particular, and in their agrarian reform community, in general. The impacts of reform are examined in relation to four themes - economic, social, demographic and environmental. Overall, the study concludes that agrarian reform has not brought about sustainable livelihoods in the former coconut hacienda. People's livelihoods, especially those derived from copra farming, remain at a subsistence level. At most, at an economic level agrarian reform has brought about improved access to land among its beneficiaries. Nevertheless, it has empowered the farmers by giving them greater freedom and has increased their sense of well-being, as well as enabling them to improve their families' life prospects and strengthen social capital. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Agrarian reform; Hacienda; Impacts; Land reform; Livelihoods; Philippines	accessibility; agrarian reform; empowerment; land reform; land tenure; landownership; social capital; sustainable development; Philippines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549105937	Impact of solar photovoltaic lighting on indoor air smoke in off-grid rural Ghana	Obeng G.Y., Akuffo F.O., Braimah I., Evers H.-D., Mensah E.	2008	Energy for Sustainable Development	12	1	10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60419-6	Technology Consultancy Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Mechanical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Center for Development Research, Zentrum fuer Entwickungsforschung (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana	Obeng, G.Y., Technology Consultancy Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Akuffo, F.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Braimah, I., Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana; Evers, H.-D., Center for Development Research, Zentrum fuer Entwickungsforschung (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Mensah, E., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi, Ghana	Nearly 75% of the rural households in Ghana depend on kerosene lanterns as the main source of lighting after sunset. However, concerns are being expressed on indoor air smoke and heat as well as fire hazards associated with the use of kerosene lanterns. Largely as a result of socio-economic and environmental benefits, public solar photovoltaic (PV) electrification projects have been implemented to provide alternative lighting in off-grid communities in Ghana. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impacts of solar PV lighting on indoor air smoke in rural households. Using the with/without comparison method, 209 solar-electrified and non-electrified households were surveyed to assess impacts. The study results indicated that solar PV lighting is likely to reduce the proportion of household members being affected by indoor smoke from kerosene lanterns by 50%. Furthermore, solar PV lighting is likely to reduce the proportion of household members who get blackened nostrils from soot associated with kerosene lanterns by nearly a third. This paper maintains that, though the effects identified by this study may be short-term, further research is needed to investigate both the medium- and long-term effects on human health. Given the low income levels of the rural poor and the costs involved in maintaining PV systems, effective policies and incentives for low-income earners are fundamental steps toward improvement in quality of life and widening of access. © 2008 International Energy Initiative, Inc.	None	accessibility; atmospheric pollution; crude oil; health impact; health risk; incentive; indoor air; lightning; low income population; photovoltaic system; public health; quality of life; rural area; rural population; smoke; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250209073	Nature-based tourism and poverty alleviation: Impacts of private sector and parastatal enterprises in and around Kruger National Park, South Africa	Spenceley A., Goodwin H.	2007	Current Issues in Tourism	10	42403	10.2167/cit305.0	International Centre for Responsible Tourism, South Africa; Transboundary Protected Areas Research Initiative, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, 2050 Wits, South Africa; International Centre for Responsible Tourism, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United Kingdom	Spenceley, A., International Centre for Responsible Tourism, South Africa, Transboundary Protected Areas Research Initiative, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, 2050 Wits, South Africa; Goodwin, H., International Centre for Responsible Tourism, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United Kingdom	International programmes and national policies around the world have identified tourism as an appropriate mechanism for sustainable development, poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation. To evaluate the impact of nature-based tourism on the poor, socio-economic assessments were undertaken at enterprises based within South African protected areas. Comparisons were made between local economic interventions reported by enterprises and neighbouring community member's perceptions of their initiatives. Socioeconomic impacts evaluated included employment, gender equality, procurement, corporate social responsibility, dependency on tourism and access to markets. The studies demonstrate that isolated efforts from individual tourism companies have little tangible impact on the majority of people living in highly populated rural communities but impacts are substantial for the few people who directly benefit. Implications of these findings for future socio-economic initiatives through tourism, and options to increase net benefits to the poor are explored. © 2007 A. Spenceley and H. Goodwin.	Kruger National Park; Poverty; Private nature reserve; Protected area; Socioeconomic; South Africa; SUNTAT	accessibility; biodiversity; economic impact; ecotourism; poverty alleviation; private sector; protected area; socioeconomic conditions; socioeconomic impact; state owned enterprise; sustainable development; Africa; Kruger National Park; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872867008	The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral	Popoola J.J., Van Olst R.	2013	Expert Systems with Applications	40	6	10.1016/j.eswa.2012.10.047	Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Popoola, J.J., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Olst, R., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Based on the inherent capability of automatic modulation classification (AMC), a new spectrum sensing method is proposed in this paper that can detect all forms of primary users' signals in a cognitive radio environment. The study presented in this paper focuses on the sensing of some combined analog and digitally primary modulated signals. In achieving this objective, a combined analog and digital automatic modulation classifier was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN classifier was combined with a GNU Radio and Universal Software Radio Peripheral version 2 (USRP2) to develop the Cognitive Radio Engine (CRE) for detecting primary users' signals in a cognitive radio environment. The detailed information on the development and performance of the CRE are presented in this paper. The performance evaluation of the developed CRE shows that the engine can reliably detect all the primary modulated signals considered. Comparative performance evaluation carried out on the detection method presented in this paper shows that the proposed detection method performs favorably against the energy detection method currently acclaimed the best detection method. The study results reveal that a single detection method that can reliably detect all forms of primary radio signals in a cognitive radio environment, can only be developed if a feature common to all radio signals is used in its development rather than using features that are peculiar to certain signal types only. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cognitive radio; Hierarchical access model; Performance evaluation metrics; Spectrum holes; Spectrum sensing techniques	Access models; Automatic modulation; Automatic modulation classification; Cognitive radio engine; Detection methods; Energy detection; GNU radio; Modulated signal; Performance evaluation; Radio environment; Radio signals; Spectrum holes; Spectrum sensing; Amplitude modulation; Cognitive radio; Neural networks; Sensors; Signal detection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547785112	Confronting HIV/AIDS in a South African village: The impact of health-seeking behaviour	Golooba-Mutebi F., Tollman S.M.	2007	Scandinavian Journal of Public Health	35	SUPPL. 69	10.1080/14034950701355437	Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; MRC/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Golooba-Mutebi, F., Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, MRC/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tollman, S.M., MRC/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Much social science research on HIV/AIDS focuses on its impact within affected communities and how people try to cope with its consequences. Based on fieldwork in rural South Africa, this article shows ways in which the inhabitants of a village react to illness, in general, and the role their reactions play in facilitating the spread of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS. There is potentially a strong connection between the manner in which people respond to illness in general, and actual transmission of infection. By influencing the way villagers react to episodes of ill health, folk beliefs about illness and illness causation may create avenues for more people to become infected. This suggests that efforts to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic cannot succeed without tackling the effects of folk beliefs. Therefore, in addressing the problem of HIV/AIDS, experts should focus on more than disseminating information about cause and transmission, and promoting abstinence, safe sex, and other technocratic fixes. Our findings suggest that people need information to facilitate not only decision-making about how to self-protect against infection, but also appropriate responses when infection has already occurred.	Allopathic; Diagnosis; HIV/AIDS; Infection; Information; Medicine; South Africa; Therapy; Traditional; Witchcraft	access to information; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; attitude to illness; communicable disease; community care; community living; coping behavior; disease transmission; health belief; health care need; help seeking behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information dissemination; pandemic; patient decision making; patient information; priority journal; rural area; safe sex; sexual behavior; South Africa; attitude to health; cultural anthropology; epidemic; patient attitude; psychological aspect; rural population; traditional medicine; witchcraft; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude to Health; Culture; Disease Outbreaks; HIV Infections; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Rural Population; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Witchcraft	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890508053	Evaluation of generic medical information accessed via mobile phones at the point of care in resource-limited settings	Goldbach H., Chang A.Y., Kyer A., Ketshogileng D., Taylor L., Chandra A., Dacso M., Kung S.-J., Rijken T., Fontelo P., Littman-Quinn R., Seymour A.K., Kovarik C.L.	2014	Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association	21	1	10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001276	Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Library, Philadelphia, PA, United States; University of Botswana Library, Gaborone, Botswana; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana; Center for Global Health Education, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States	Goldbach, H., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Chang, A.Y., Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Kyer, A., University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Library, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Ketshogileng, D., University of Botswana Library, Gaborone, Botswana; Taylor, L., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Chandra, A., University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana; Dacso, M., Center for Global Health Education, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Kung, S.-J., University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Rijken, T., University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana; Fontelo, P., National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States; Littman-Quinn, R., Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Seymour, A.K., Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Library, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Kovarik, C.L., Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States	Objective Many mobile phone resources have been developed to increase access to health education in the developing world, yet few studies have compared these resources or quantified their performance in a resourcelimited setting. This study aims to compare the performance of resident physicians in answering clinical scenarios using PubMed abstracts accessed via the PubMed for Handhelds (PubMed4Hh) website versus medical/drug reference applications (Medical Apps) accessed via software on the mobile phone. Methods A two-arm comparative study with crossover design was conducted. Subjects, who were resident physicians at the University of Botswana, completed eight scenarios, each with multi-part questions. The primary outcome was a grade for each question. The primary independent variable was the intervention arm and other independent variables included residency and question. Results Within each question type there were significant differences in 'percentage correct' between Medical Apps and PubMed4Hh for three of the six types of questions: drug-related, diagnosis/definitions, and treatment/management. Within each of these question types, Medical Apps had a higher percentage of fully correct responses than PubMed4Hh (63% vs 13%, 33% vs 12%, and 41% vs 13%, respectively). PubMed4Hh performed better for epidemiologic questions. Conclusions While mobile access to primary literature remains important and serves an information niche, mobile applications with condensed content may be more appropriate for point-of-care information needs. Further research is required to examine the specific information needs of clinicians in resource-limited settings and to evaluate the appropriateness of current resources in bridging location- and context-specific information gaps.	None	access to information; adult; application service provider; article; comparative study; computer program; female; hospital information system; human; independent variable; male; medical information; mobile phone; outcome assessment; postgraduate student; questionnaire; residency education; resident; decision making; mHealthEd; mobile health; mobile phones; Botswana; Cellular Phone; Computers, Handheld; Health Resources; Humans; Internship and Residency; Point-of-Care Systems; PubMed; Software	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879668773	Evaluation of spinous process wiring techniques for accidental canal penetration	Adeolu A.A., Azeez A.L.	2013	Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice	4	2	10.4103/0976-3147.112748	Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 40476, Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeolu, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 40476, Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Azeez, A.L., Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background and Objective: Accidental canal penetration with attendant complications constitutes one of the reasons for abandoning the use of wires for posterior spinal fusion techniques. However, there is dearth of information on this risk when the wire is introduced through the base of spinous process as against sublaminar passage. This study was designed to evaluate hardware-related postoperative complications, especially canal penetration, in our patients who had spinal process wiring in two types of posterior wiring techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients who had either of two spinous process wiring techniques formed the population for the study. The clinical records were reviewed and the following data were extracted: Age, sex, diagnosis, operation (fusion type), preoperative neurological status, postoperative neurologic deterioration, other postoperative complication and radiologic evidence of canal encroachment. Results: One hundred and seventy four spinous processes were instrumented in 42 patients. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 78 years while male to female ratio was 2.5:1. Majority of the spinal wiring were for trauma (29 patients; 69.0) while the remaining were tumor (6; 14.3%), degenerative diseases (4; 9.5%) and infections (3; 7.1%). The Rogers technique was performed in 16 (38.1%) patients while 26 (61.9%) underwent Adeolu et al. technique. One patient (2.3%) had neurologic deterioration while 5 patients (11.1%) had varying type of complications from wound infection to fracture of spinous processes. There was no patient with radiological or clinical evidence of canal compromise. Conclusion: Spinous process wiring techniques for posterior spinal stabilization appears to be safe as demonstrated in this study.	Canal penetration; spinous process; wiring	accidental canal penetration; adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; clinical article; degenerative disease; female; human; male; medical record; mental deterioration; postoperative complication; postoperative period; preoperative period; priority journal; school child; sex ratio; spine fracture; spine fusion; spine injury; spine tumor; spinous process wiring technique; surgical technique; surgical wire; wound infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051681371	Value and impact of massive blood transfusion protocols in the management of trauma patients	Ortega-Gonzalez M.D.C., Monzon-Torres B.I.	2011	Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia	17	4	None	Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Trauma Directorate, Division of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ortega-Gonzalez, M.D.C., Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Monzon-Torres, B.I., Trauma Directorate, Division of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa	Trauma-related injuries are the second leading cause of death and disability in South Africa. The traditional approach to surgery and resuscitation of severely injured patients has undergone change over the past 10 years. New concepts like damage control surgery and damage control resuscitation radically changed the practice of conventional resuscitation. Bleeding trauma patients die as a consequence of the so-called lethal triad or bloody vicious cycle: acidosis, coagulopathy and hypothermia. Effective initial management of trauma patients can help to improve outcomes. © SASA.	Coagulopathy; Damage control resuscitation; Damage control surgery; Hypothermia; Massive bleeding; Massive blood transfusion protocol; Metabolic acidosis	accidental injury; article; bleeding; blood clotting disorder; blood component therapy; blood transfusion; damage control surgery; human; hypothermia; injury; metabolic acidosis; resuscitation; South Africa; traumatology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745962104	Childhood unintentional injuries: The perceived impact of the environment, lack of supervision and child characteristics	Munro S.-A., van Niekerk A., Seedat M.	2006	Child: Care, Health and Development	32	3	10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00593.x	University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council, MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505 Cape Town, South Africa	Munro, S.-A., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., Medical Research Council, MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505 Cape Town, South Africa; Seedat, M., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Investigations into the context and causation of injury, including injury risks, are an essential part of the injury prevention knowledge base. Caregiver perceptions of childhood injury risks may assist in the design of safety interventions and influence the way in which an intervention is received within a community. Methods: Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted in two low-income neighbourhoods in South Africa to collect information on caregiver perceptions of injury risks. The data were analysed via thematic content analysis. Results: The results revealed that injury risks are perceived as multifaceted and as contributing synergistically to an injury event. Parents of children also tended to attribute most risks to the environment instead of individual action. Conclusions: Interventions including passive strategies and less activity from the parent may be welcomed in communities. Attention should be given to child injury prevention methods specifically for low-income contexts. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Developing countries; Environmental influences; Health; Injury; Parent perceptions; Perceptions	accident prevention; accidental injury; adult; article; caregiver; child; child safety; childhood injury; community; content analysis; controlled study; data analysis; environment; female; human; information processing; interview; knowledge base; lowest income group; parent; perception; priority journal; South Africa; thematic analysis; Accidental Falls; Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Attitude to Health; Burns; Caregivers; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Female; Heating; Humans; Internal-External Control; Middle Aged; Parenting; Parents; Poisoning; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Wounds and Injuries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948765529	Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort and its impact on activity: A survey of beverage factory workers in Eastern Nigeria	Abaraogu U.O., Okafor U.A.C., Ezeukwu A.O., Igwe S.E.	2015	Work	52	3	10.3233/WOR-152100	Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos,	Abaraogu, U.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Okafor, U.A.C., Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ezeukwu, A.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Igwe, S.E., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Bottling workers maintain awkward postures while performing machine paced repetitive motions in many of their job tasks and therefore are predisposed to work related musculoskeletal discomfort (WMSD). There is a paucity of literature on prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal discomfort among this occupational group. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted among Eastern Nigerian beverage factory workers to investigate prevalence of WMSD as a first step towards risk factors investigation and ergonomic future intervention. METHOD: A total of 301 workers (8 workstations) completed a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in this cross sectional survey. RESULTS: Twelve month prevalence of WMSD was 91.4% and 65.1% had been prevented from doing activity at home or workplace by WMSD in the past 12 months. Shoulder, neck and upper back in that order were the most common complaints. Prevalence of WMSD in body regions were associated with age but not with gender except for neck, upper back, shoulder, and ankle/foot complaints. CONCLUSION: WMSDs are very high among beverage bottling workers. Investigation into the prevailing risk factors especially the work posture and work organization/work psychosocial factors for possible risk exposure in these workers is essential for ergonomic intervention towards work injury prevention. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.	activity limitation; beverage bottling; Bottling tasks; mechanical pain	accident prevention; ankle; beverage; body posture; controlled study; exposure; female; foot; gender; human; human experiment; male; neck; prevalence; questionnaire; risk factor; shoulder; worker; workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749087742	Health and safety management efforts as correlates of performance in the Nigerian construction industry	Idoro G.I.	2008	Journal of Civil Engineering and Management	14	4	10.3846/1392-3730.2008.14.27	Dept. of Building, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Idoro, G.I., Dept. of Building, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	This study investigates the level of efforts made by Nigerian contractors to maintain a healthy and safe work environment. The objectives are to determine the level of management efforts made by contractors on H&S and their correlation with H&S performance. To achieve these objectives, a field survey involving a sample of 40 contractors selected by stratified random sampling from the contractors registered with the Federation of Construction Industry of Nigeria was carried out. For the study, 6 H&S management variables and 7 H&S performance variables were selected. The H&S management variables are in compliance with H&S regulations, provision of H&S facilities, structures for managing H&S in head and site offices, provision of PPE and H&S incentives, while the H&S performance variables are respondents' assessment of the performance of structures for managing H&S in head and site offices, accident, injury, accident per worker, injury per worker and injury per accident rates. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed by mean and Spearman correlation test. The results reveal that contractors' efforts on structures for managing H&S on site are the best correlates of H&S performance, but their level is low. The levels of contractors' efforts in provision of PPE, compliance with H&S regulations are high, but these efforts are not correlates of H&S performance. The levels of contractors' efforts in structures for managing H&S in head office and provision of H&S incentives are low and they have low correlation with H&S performance. The study considers these results as indication that the management efforts made by Nigerian contractors to ensure a healthy and safe work environment are yet to have meaningful impact. It suggests increased efforts on local H&S regulations, structures for managing H&S in both head and site offices and provision of H&S incentives as measures for improving safety in the Nigerian construction industry.	H&S management efforts; Objective H&S performance measurement; Subjective H&S performance measurement	Accidents; Construction industry; Contractors; Employment; Human engineering; Management; Occupational risks; Office buildings; Statistical tests; Surveys; Accident rates; Field surveys; Health and safeties; Low correlations; Nigeria; Nigerians; On sites; Performance variables; Spearman correlations; Stratified random samplings; Work environments; Contracts	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954865417	Effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance, locomotion performance and respiratory metabolism in Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)	Lachenicht M.W., Clusella-Trullas S., Boardman L., Le Roux C., Terblanche J.S.	2010	Journal of Insect Physiology	56	7	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.010	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Lachenicht, M.W., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Boardman, L., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Le Roux, C., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The effects of acclimation temperature on insect thermal performance curves are generally poorly understood but significant for understanding responses to future climate variation and the evolution of these reaction norms. Here, in Acheta domesticus, we examine the physiological effects of 7-9 days acclimation to temperatures 4°C above and below optimum growth temperature of 29°C (i.e. 25, 29, 33°C) for traits of resistance to thermal extremes, temperature-dependence of locomotion performance (jumping distance and running speed) and temperature-dependence of respiratory metabolism. We also examine the effects of acclimation on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) enzyme activity. Chill coma recovery time (CRRT) was significantly reduced from 38 to 13min with acclimation at 33-25°C, respectively. Heat knockdown resistance was less responsive than CCRT to acclimation, with no significant effects of acclimation detected for heat knockdown times (25°C: 18.25, 29°C: 18.07, 33°C: 25.5min). Thermal optima for running speed were higher (39.4-40.6°C) than those for jumping performance (25.6-30.9°C). Acclimation temperature affected jumping distance but not running speed (general linear model, p=0.0075) although maximum performance (UMAX) and optimum temperature (TOPT) of the performance curves showed small or insignificant effects of acclimation temperature. However, these effects were sensitive to the method of analysis since analyses of TOPT, UMAX and the temperature breadth (TBR) derived from non-linear curve-fitting approaches produced high inter-individual variation within acclimation groups and reduced variation between acclimation groups. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass and test temperature. Acclimation temperature significantly influenced the slope of the SMR-temperature reaction norms, whereas no variation in the intercept was found. The CCO enzyme activity remained unaffected by thermal acclimation. Finally, high temperature acclimation resulted in significant increases in mortality (60-70% at 33°C vs. 20-30% at 25 and 29°C). These results suggest that although A. domesticus may be able to cope with low temperature extremes to some degree through phenotypic plasticity, population declines with warmer mean temperatures of only a few degrees are likely owing to the limited plasticity of their performance curves. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acclimation; Chill coma; Climate change; Critical thermal tolerance; Heat knockdown; House cricket; Performance curves; Respiratory metabolism; Survival	acclimation; adaptation; body mass; climate variation; cricket; enzyme activity; locomotion; metabolism; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population decline; reaction norm; respiration; survival; temperature effect; temperature tolerance; acclimatization; animal; animal behavior; article; energy metabolism; Gryllidae; locomotion; physiology; temperature; Acclimatization; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gryllidae; Locomotion; Temperature; Acheta domesticus; Gryllidae; Hexapoda; Orthoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248524026	The economic impact of climate change on Kenyan crop agriculture: A Ricardian approach	Kabubo-Mariara J., Karanja F.K.	2007	Global and Planetary Change	57	04-Mar	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.002	School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya	Kabubo-Mariara, J., School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Karanja, F.K., Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya	This paper measures the economic impact of climate on crops in Kenya. We use cross-sectional data on climate, hydrological, soil and household level data for a sample of 816 households. We estimate a seasonal Ricardian model to assess the impact of climate on net crop revenue per acre. The results show that climate affects crop productivity. There is a non-linear relationship between temperature and revenue on one hand and between precipitation and revenue on the other. Estimated marginal impacts suggest that global warming is harmful for crop productivity. Predictions from global circulation models confirm that global warming will have a substantial impact on net crop revenue in Kenya. The results also show that the temperature component of global warming is much more important than precipitation. Findings call for monitoring of climate change and dissemination of information to farmers to encourage adaptations to climate change. Improved management and conservation of available water resources, water harvesting and recycling of wastewater could generate water for irrigation purposes especially in the arid and semi-arid areas. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	adaptations; agriculture; climate change; crop revenue	acclimation; climate change; climate modeling; crop production; economic impact; glacial debris; global warming; precipitation (climatology); Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303266	The impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives: Freedom of information	Calland R., Bentley K.	2013	Development Policy Review	31	S1	10.1111/dpr.12020	Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa; DGRU, South Africa	Calland, R., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa; Bentley, K., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa	Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has been hampered by lack of systematic evidence and conceptual confusion about what kind of right it represents. This article discusses some of the main conceptual parameters of FOI theory, before reviewing the available evidence from a range of studies. It presents case studies of civil-society activism on FOI in India and South Africa to illustrate the extent to which access to information is having an impact, in particular on socio-economic conditions. After reviewing the range of approaches used, it concludes that the academic community and the FOI community of practice need to come together to devise robust and rigorous methodologies. © 2013 Overseas Development Institute.	Access to information; Effectiveness; Freedom of information; Impact	accountability; civil society; conceptual framework; socioeconomic conditions; India; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845340163	Multiple accountability relationships and improved service delivery performance in Hyderabad City, Southern India	Caseley J.	2006	International Review of Administrative Sciences	72	4	10.1177/0020852306070082	Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Caseley, J., Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	This article examines a series of service delivery reforms that were undertaken at the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board in Andhra Pradesh State, southern India. Key to sustained improvements in service delivery performance were three effective accountability relationships, triangulating between citizens, senior managers, and frontline workers. In this dynamic, consistent citizen demand for accountability provided new sources of performance information to senior managers, which they could then use to hold frontline workers to account for responsive service provision. Transparent and accessible citizen-based accountability mechanisms have the potential to contribute to organizational change and sustained improvements in service delivery performance in public sector service providers.	Accountability; India; Public sector reform; Service delivery performance; South Asia; Urban water supply	accountability; organizational change; public sector; service provision; water supply; Andhra Pradesh; Asia; Eurasia; Hyderabad; India; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908702550	Impact of micro credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs: Evidence from national directorate of employment (NDE) loan/training programmes in Nigeria	Akinrinola O.O., Fasoranti M.M., Aturamu O.A.	2014	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	12	04-Mar	None	Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	Akinrinola, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Fasoranti, M.M., Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Aturamu, O.A., Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	This study analyses the impact of micro-credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs, using the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) programme as a case study. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) has been found to be functioning effectively in its training services. However, in the area of credit provision and utilization, there is no empirical evidence to support its efficiency. In order to evaluate the link between the loan/training programmes of the Directorate and the level of efficiency of micro-entrepreneurs in the state, we estimate technical efficiencies and identify significant policy variables influencing efficiency of selected micro enterprises, using the stochastic frontier production function. Results indicate that there are intra and inter group variations in the efficiency of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers, showing that there is possibility of improving the level efficiency of these entrepreneurs. The most significant determinants of technical efficiencies of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers are the level of education, business experience, age of operators, credit access, training experience and level of working capital and initial capital outlay. © 2014 World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Employment; Entrepreneurs; Loan; Micro credit; Small scale	accounting; Article; commercial phenomena; education; enterpreneur; funding; furniture; human; loan; mathematical model; micro credit; named groups of persons; productivity; program efficacy; stochastic model; training; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81355132889	Impact of international laboratory partnerships on the performance of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing in five resource-constrained countries	Gaydos C.A., Rizzo-Price P.A., Balakrishnan P., Mateta P., Leon S.R., Verevochkin S., Yin Y.P., Quinn T.C., Strader L.C., Pequegnat W.	2011	International Journal of STD and AIDS	22	11	10.1258/ijsa.2011.010527	Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; YRG CARE, Chennai, India; ZiCHIRe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru; Biomedical Center, St Petersburg, Russian Federation; China CDC National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States	Gaydos, C.A., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Rizzo-Price, P.A., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Balakrishnan, P., YRG CARE, Chennai, India; Mateta, P., ZiCHIRe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Leon, S.R., Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru; Verevochkin, S., Biomedical Center, St Petersburg, Russian Federation; Yin, Y.P., China CDC National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Strader, L.C., RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Pequegnat, W., NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States	To review a quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) model established to ensure the validity and reliability of collection, storage and analysis of biological outcome data, and to promote good laboratory practices (GLPs) and sustained operational improvements in international clinical laboratories, we conducted a two-arm randomized community-level HIV behavioural intervention trial in five countries: China, India, Peru, Russia and Zimbabwe. The trial was based on diffusion theory utilizing a Community Popular Opinion Leaders (CPOLs) intervention model with behavioural and biological outcomes. The QC/QA model was established by the Biological Outcome Workgroup, which collaborated with the Data Coordinating Center and John Hopkins University Reference Laboratory. Five international laboratories conducted chlamydia/gonorrhoea polymerase chain reaction (PRC)-based assays, herpes simplex virus type 2 enzyme immunoassay (EIA), syphilis serology (rapid plasma regain and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay, HIV serology (EIA/Western blot) and Trichomonas vaginalis culture. Data were collected at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Laboratory performance and infrastructure improved throughout the trial. Recommendations for improvement were consistently followed. Quality laboratories in resource-poor settings can be established, operating standards can be improved and certification can be obtained with consistent training, monitoring and technical support. Building collaborative partnership relations can establish a sustainable network for clinical trials, and can lead to accreditation and international laboratory development.	Biological markers of sexual behavior; Capacity building; Diagnosis; HIV; Laboratory testing; Resource-poor settings; STD; STI; Training partnerships	accreditation; article; bacterium culture; certification; China; Chlamydia; clinical laboratory; enzyme immunoassay; gonorrhea; good laboratory practice; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; India; laboratory; monitoring; nonhuman; Peru; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; quality control; randomized controlled trial (topic); reliability; Russian Federation; sexually transmitted disease; syphilis; Treponema pallidum; Trichomonas vaginalis; validity; Western blotting; Zimbabwe; Adolescent; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; International Cooperation; Male; Middle Aged; Quality Control; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861362357	Bacteriological and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon evaluation of mangrove phyllosphere and rhizosphere from Qua Iboe River estuary, Nigeria	Eduok S.I., Ita B.N., Uye U.O., Utuk N.M.	2010	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	5	6	None	Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria	Eduok, S.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria; Ita, B.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Uye, U.O., Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Utuk, N.M., Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing bacterial density and content in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and sediment from Qua Iboe River estuary (QIRE) were analyzed using standard microbiological and chemical techniques. The heterotrophic (HET) bacterial counts ranged from 92/0.54 to 142/0.62cfu/m2, 12.5×105 to 13.2×105 cfu/g and 10.6×105 to 12.1×105cfu/g; Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial (HUB) count ranged from 74/0.58 to 82/0.62cfu/m2, 9.4×105 to 10.9×105 cfu/g, and 7.6×105 to 9.2×105 cfu/g, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial (PAHUB) count ranged from 45/0.56 to 52/0.62cfu/m2, 7.9×105 to 11.9×105 cfu/g and 7.1×105 to 9.7×105 cfu/g, total Vibrio count (TVC) ranged from 00/0.56 to 21/0.60cfu/m2, 5.8×105 to 7.9×105 and 4.7×105 to 7.4×105cfu/g for the phyllosphere, rhizosphere and sediment samples respectively. There was a moderate to very high positive correlation (r = 0.69, 0.97 and 0.97, p = 0.05) in the microbial counts of the sediment and rhizosphere from locations 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Predominant culturable bacterial isolates were Vibrio alginolyticus, V. estuarianus, Alcaligenes denitrificans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, Chromobacterium violaceum, Nocardia sp, Micrococcus varians, Acinetobacter iwoffii, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Chromatium sp, Escherichia coli, Anabaena, Enterobacter aerogenes, Sarcina sp, Flavobacterium breve, Nodularia and Erwinia amylovora. Total PAH concentration ranged from 7.26 to 7.51mg/kg (rhizosphere), 8.92 to 9.55mg/kg (sediment), 9.92 to 11.13mg/kg (mangrove root) and 18.65 to 25.21mg/kg (phyllosphere). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,l)perylene were above 1, an indication that biomagnification of carcinogenic PAH could be occurring along the food chain. The bacterial isolates exhibited varying rate of PAH utilization, strongly suggesting possession of relevant genomic properties and degradative enzymes, although pre-exposure to the pollutants in the natural environment could have been an influencing factor. R. racemosa as keystone specie in the QIRE with its associated microbes could be used in phytoremediation and as indicator of exposure for retroactive risk assessment of ambient air and sediment contamination with PAH in estuarine ecosystem. © Research India Publications.	Accumulation; Gas flaring; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Rhizophora racemosa; Utilization	Accumulation; Acinetobacters; Alcaligenes; Ambient air; Bacillus Subtilis; Bacterial count; Bacterial density; Bacterial isolates; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzo(b)fluoranthene; Bioaccumulation factor; Biomagnification; Chemical techniques; Chromobacterium violaceum; Chrysene; Culturable; Enterobacter aerogenes; Erwinia amylovora; Estuarine ecosystems; Flavobacterium; Fluoranthene; Food chain; Gas flaring; Influencing factor; Keystone species; Microbial count; Natural environments; Nigeria; Nocardia sp; Nodularia; Perylenes; Phyllospheres; Phytoremediation; Polycyclic aromatics; Positive correlations; Pre-exposure; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizophora racemosa; Sediment contamination; Sediment samples; Serratia marcescens; Vibrio alginolyticus; Anthracene; Bacteria; Biochemistry; Bioremediation; Chemical analysis; Ecosystems; Escherichia coli; Hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sedimentology; Sediments; Waste utilization; Soils; bacteriology; bioaccumulation; estuarine ecosystem; mangrove; PAH; phyllosphere; rhizosphere; risk assessment; water pollution; Akwa Ibom; Nigeria; Qua Iboe Estuary; Achromobacter denitrificans; Acinetobacter; Anabaena; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Chromatium; Chromobacterium violaceum; Empedobacter brevis; Enterobacter aerogenes; Erwinia amylovora; Escherichia coli; Flavobacterium; Kocuria varians; Micrococcus; Nocardia; Nodularia; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizophora racemosa; Sarcina; Serratia marcescens; Vibrio; Vibrio alginolyticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53249145765	Long-term impacts of pasture irrigation with treated sewage effluent on nutrient status of a sandy soil in Zimbabwe	Gwenzi W., Munondo R.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	82	2	10.1007/s10705-008-9181-3	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences (South), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Tropical Resources Ecology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gwenzi, W., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences (South), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Munondo, R., Tropical Resources Ecology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Declining freshwater resources and the need to safely dispose wastewater have led to a rapid increase in wastewater reuse in developing countries. However, empirical evidence on the effects of effluent-irrigation on soil fertility is limited. The study investigated the nutrient status of a sandy soil after 26 years of effluent irrigation. Soil samples from effluent-irrigated and non-irrigated sites were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total and plant available forms of N and P, exchangeable bases and trace metals. Analysis of effluent quality showed that, besides Cr and Cd, all measured parameters were within acceptable limits for wastewater irrigation. Our results revealed that effluent-irrigation significantly (P < 0.05) enriched the soil with essential nutrients for plant growth, which are commonly deficient in most soils of Zimbabwe. Effluent-irrigated soils had significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, EC, SOC, total and available N and P and, exchangeable Ca and Mg at 0-30 cm-depth. However, apart from Cr accumulation, effluent irrigation significantly (P < 0.05) depleted Zn, Cu and Cd probably due to plant uptake and enhanced mobility under acidic soil pH. Cr accumulation and depletion and mobility of Zn, Cu and Cd in effluent-irrigated soils could threaten the sustainability of the practice. We recommend a review of the current management practices based on crop water requirements, effluent quality and environmental considerations. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Effluent irrigation; Nutrients; Pasture; Wastewater	accumulation; effluent; electrical conductivity; irrigation; nutrient availability; pasture; recycling; sandy soil; sewage; soil fertility; soil quality; waste disposal; wastewater; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81255204005	Evaluation of respondent-driven sampling	McCreesh N., Frost S.D.W., Seeley J., Katongole J., Tarsh M.N., Ndunguse R., Jichi F., Lunel N.L., Maher D., Johnston L.G., Sonnenberg P., Copas A.J., Hayes R.J., White R.G.	2012	Epidemiology	23	1	10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823ac17c	Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biostatistics, United Kingdom; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, Center for Global Health Equity, New Orleans, LA, United States; Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom	McCreesh, N., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Frost, S.D.W., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Seeley, J., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Katongole, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Tarsh, M.N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Ndunguse, R., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Jichi, F., Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biostatistics, United Kingdom; Lunel, N.L., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Maher, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Johnston, L.G., Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, Center for Global Health Equity, New Orleans, LA, United States; Sonnenberg, P., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom; Copas, A.J., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom; Hayes, R.J., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; White, R.G., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Background: Respondent-driven sampling is a novel variant of link-tracing sampling for estimating the characteristics of hard-to-reach groups, such as HIV prevalence in sex workers. Despite its use by leading health organizations, the performance of this method in realistic situations is still largely unknown. We evaluated respondent-driven sampling by comparing estimates from a respondent-driven sampling survey with total population data. Methods: Total population data on age, tribe, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual activity, and HIV status were available on a population of 2402 male household heads from an open cohort in rural Uganda. A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey was carried out in this population, using current methods of sampling (RDS sample) and statistical inference (RDS estimates). Analyses were carried out for the full RDS sample and then repeated for the first 250 recruits (small sample). Results: We recruited 927 household heads. Full and small RDS samples were largely representative of the total population, but both samples underrepresented men who were younger, of higher socioeconomic status, and with unknown sexual activity and HIV status. Respondent-driven sampling statistical inference methods failed to reduce these biases. Only 31%-37% (depending on method and sample size) of RDS estimates were closer to the true population proportions than the RDS sample proportions. Only 50%-74% of respondent-driven sampling bootstrap 95% confidence intervals included the population proportion. Conclusions: Respondent-driven sampling produced a generally representative sample of this well-connected nonhidden population. However, current respondent-driven sampling inference methods failed to reduce bias when it occurred. Whether the data required to remove bias and measure precision can be collected in a respondent-driven sampling survey is unresolved. Respondent-driven sampling should be regarded as a (potentially superior) form of convenience sampling method, and caution is required when interpreting findings based on the sampling method. © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	accuracy; adolescent; adult; age; article; child; cohort analysis; evaluation; health care organization; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; male; priority journal; prostitution; religion; rural area; sampling; sexual behavior; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bias (Epidemiology); Child; Child, Preschool; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Sampling Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866627907	Invasive versus non-invasive monitoring of acute severe hypertension in women with pre-eclampsia	Langenegger E., Dalla S., Petro G., Hall D.	2012	Pregnancy Hypertension	2	4	10.1016/j.preghy.2012.01.009	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Langenegger, E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Dalla, S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Petro, G., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Hall, D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Objective: To compare the accuracy of two non-invasive methods of blood-pressure measurement with intra-arterial measurement in women with pre-eclampsia and acute severe hypertension. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study prospectively enrolled 23 women with pre-eclampsia and acute severe hypertension for continuous intra-arterial blood-pressure monitoring. Simultaneous monitoring was performed with a manual and an automated, non-invasive device during episodes of severe hypertension. The paired T-test was used to compare measured values. The accuracy of a MAP ≥ 125 mmHg in detecting a systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mmHg was determined. Results: There was a weak correlation between intra-arterial and automated as well as intra-arterial and manual systolic values (r = 0.34, p < 0.01; r = 0.41, p < 0.00, respectively). Better correlation was found amongst diastolic values. The differences between the mean intra-arterial (94 ± 11 mmHg) and automated (96 ± 12 mmHg) diastolic values as well as intra-arterial and manual diastolic measurements (94 ± 14 mmHg) were not significant (p = 0.20, 0.65, respectively). A mean arterial pressure ≥ 125 mmHg was not accurate in detecting a systolic value ≥ 160 mmHg, with low sensitivities (17.2-35.9%) and specificities (0-50%) for all three methods. Conclusions: When compared to intra-arterial monitoring, the automated and manual methods showed weak correlation with systolic but better correlation with diastolic values. A mean arterial pressure ≥ 125 mmHg was not accurate in detecting systolic peaks. When protection against cerebral haemorrhage is paramount, intra-arterial measurement of systolic values is best. © 2012 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy.Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Blood pressure; Monitoring; Pre-eclampsia; Severe hypertension	accuracy; adolescent; adult; article; automation; blood pressure measurement; blood pressure monitoring; clinical article; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diastolic blood pressure; disease severity; female; human; hypertension; intermethod comparison; invasive procedure; mean arterial pressure; monitor; non invasive procedure; preeclampsia; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sphygmomanometer; Student t test; systolic blood pressure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871439914	Neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension related to sensorimotor monitoring as shown by corticomuscular coherence	Divekar N.V., John L.R.	2013	Clinical Neurophysiology	124	1	10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.019	MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Divekar, N.V., MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; John, L.R., MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Objective: To investigate the effects of neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension movements, on their corticomuscular coherence (CMC) levels. Methods: CMC was calculated between simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) measures from fifteen healthy subjects who performed 10 repetitions of alternating isometric wrist flexion and extension tasks at 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque levels. Task precision was calculated from torque recordings. Subjects rated the perceived difficulty levels for both tasks. Results: Flexors had significantly lower; peak beta CMC, peak frequency, frequency width, normalised EMG beta power, torque fluctuation (<5. Hz and beta band) and perceived difficulty ratings; but higher MVC and precision compared to extensors. EEG alpha and beta powers were non-different between flexion and extension. Conclusions: An inverse relationship between CMC and motor precision was found in our inter-muscle study, contrary to the direct relationship found in a prior intra-muscle study. Functional suitability, long term usage adaptation and lower perceived difficulty of wrist flexion may explain the results. Significance: We extend the CMC literature to include the clinically different, antagonistic wrist flexors and extensors and add to the debate relating CMC and motor precision by positing the confounding effect of perceived difficulty. © 2012 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.	Corticomuscular coherence; Perceived difficulty; Precision; Wrist extension; Wrist flexion	accuracy; adult; article; behavior; calculation; corticomuscular coherence; electroencephalography; electromyography; human; human experiment; isometrics; joint function; male; muscle contraction; nervous system parameters; neurophysiology; normal human; perception; priority journal; torque; wrist; Adult; Alpha Rhythm; Behavior; Beta Rhythm; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Forearm; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Perception; Psychomotor Performance; Wrist; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928041896	Laboratory evaluation of the liat HIV quant (IQuum) whole-blood and plasma HIV-1 viral load assays for point-of-care testing in South Africa	Scott L., Gous N., Carmona S., Stevens W.	2015	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	53	5	10.1128/JCM.03325-14	Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, National Priority Program, Johannesburg, South Africa	Scott, L., Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gous, N., Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Carmona, S., Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, National Priority Program, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stevens, W., Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, National Priority Program, Johannesburg, South Africa	Point-of-care (POC) HIV viral load (VL) testing offers the potential to reduce turnaround times for antiretroviral therapy monitoring, offer near-patient acute HIV diagnosis in adults, extend existing centralized VL services, screen women in labor, and prompt pediatrics to early treatment. The Liat HIV Quant plasma and whole-blood assays, prerelease version, were evaluated in South Africa. The precision, accuracy, linearity, and agreement of the Liat HIV Quant whole-blood and plasma assays were compared to those of reference technologies (Roche CAP CTMv2.0 and Abbott RealTime HIV-1) on an HIV verification plasma panel (n=42) and HIV clinical specimens (n=163). HIV Quant plasma assay showed good performance, with a 2.7% similarity coefficient of variation (CV) compared to the Abbott assay and a 1.8% similarity CV compared to the Roche test on the verification panel, and 100% specificity. HIV Quant plasma had substantial agreement (pc [concordance correlation]=0.96) with Roche on clinical specimens and increased variability (pc=0.73) in the range of<3.0 log copies/ml range with the HIV Quant wholeblood assay. HIV Quant plasma assay had good linearity (2.0 to 5.0 log copies/ml; R2=0.99). Clinical sensitivity at a viral load of 1,000 copies/ml of the HIV Quant plasma and whole-blood assays compared to that of the Roche assay (n=94) was 100% (confidence interval [CI], 95.3% to 100%). The specificity of HIV Quant plasma was 88.2% (CI, 63.6% to 98.5%), and that for whole blood was 41.2% (CI, 18.4% to 67.1%). No virological failure (downward misclassification) was missed. Liat HIV Quant plasma assay can be interchanged with existing VL technology in South Africa. Liat HIV Quant whole-blood assay would be advantageous for POC early infant diagnosis at birth and adult adherence monitoring and needs to be evaluated further in this clinical context. LIAT cartridges currently require cold storage, but the technology is user-friendly and robust. Clinical cost and implementation modeling is required. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	accuracy; adult; Article; bioassay; biotechnology; controlled study; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; intermethod comparison; patient compliance; point of care testing; priority journal; sensitivity analysis; South Africa; viral load testing; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20744437324	The effectiveness of media use in health education: Evaluation of an HIV/AIDS television campaign in Ethiopia	Farr A.C., Witte K., Jarato K., Menard T.	2005	Journal of Health Communication	10	3	10.1080/10810730590934244	Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Development Studies Associates, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, 201K Winston Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-8104, United States	Farr, A.C., Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States, Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, 201K Winston Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-8104, United States; Witte, K., Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Jarato, K., Development Studies Associates, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Menard, T., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States	An effective vehicle to change behaviors is entertainment education. To demonstrate entertainment education effects, researchers must first indicate that participants have been exposed to their program. Exposure to effective programs has been associated with increases in knowledge about program topics, attitude change, and self-efficacious perceptions. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new exposure technique that accurately and precisely determines direct exposure levels to Ethiopia's Journey of Life. Overall, the study found very high listenership, storyline recall, liking of the program, and strong desire to change behavior while maintaining low error rates in terms of verbatim recall of storylines and reported listener ship to a fictitious program. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Inc.	None	accuracy; adult; article; controlled study; error; Ethiopia; female; health education; human; male; mass medium; recall; television; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Ethiopia; Female; Health Behavior; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Radio; Television	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349478741	Fragmentary femora: Evaluation of the accuracy of the direct and indirect methods in stature reconstruction	Bidmos M.A.	2009	Forensic Science International	192	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.019	School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Bidmos, M.A., School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Selected measurements of the femur have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation in several populations. Various studies have indicated that stature can be estimated from fragmentary bones by either the direct or the indirect method. The direct method allows for the estimation of stature directly from individual or combination of measurements of fragments of the femur. However, the indirect method consists of two steps. An initial step which involves the estimation of maximum length of the femur from measurements of its fragments is followed by stature estimation from the estimated maximum length of the femur. While Steele noted that the indirect method provides a relatively more precise estimate of stature, none of the subsequent studies on stature reconstruction has addressed the issue of accuracy of the two methods. The current study utilized 120 complete skeletons obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Total skeletal height for each of the skeletons (TSHFully) was calculated using the Fully's method. Measurements of fragments of the femur acquired from the current study were substituted into each of the previously derived equations for Indigenous South Africans (ISA) and South Africans of European Descent (SAED) in order to obtain an estimate of the skeletal height (TSHEst). Analyses were carried out separately for each group. An assessment of the differences between the estimated skeletal height (TSHEst) and the obtained skeletal height using the Fully's method (TSHFully) was performed using the paired t test. While no significant difference was observed between TSHFully and TSHEst for all equations (except one) used in the direct estimation of skeletal height, a number of indirect equations significantly overestimated TSHFully. These observations indicate that the direct method is more accurate than the indirect method. Since it is also less complicated, it is therefore the preferred of the two methods contrary to earlier recommendation made by Steele. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Accuracy; Anthropology; Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic science; Fragmentary femur; Stature	accuracy; African American; article; body height; controlled study; female; femur; forensic science; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; male; mathematical analysis; osteometry; physical anthropology; priority journal; South Africa; Body Height; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Humans; Male; Regression Analysis; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957960545	Preliminary evaluation of the Moyo chart-a novel, low-cost, weight-for-height slide chart for the improved assessment of nutritional status in children	Sikorski C., Kerac M., Fikremariam M., Seal A.	2010	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	104	11	10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.07.013	University College London Medical School, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; UCL Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; St Paul's Millennium Medical School, University of Addis Ababa, PO Box 1271, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Sikorski, C., University College London Medical School, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Kerac, M., UCL Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Fikremariam, M., St Paul's Millennium Medical School, University of Addis Ababa, PO Box 1271, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Seal, A., UCL Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom	The Moyo chart is a novel weight-for-height slide chart. We explore the hypothesis that it improves accuracy, speed and ease of nutritional assessment compared with traditional lookup tables. In a crossover randomised controlled trial, 61 medical students in Ethiopia diagnosed hypothetical cases of severe acute malnutrition, moderate acute malnutrition and normal nutrition in children. Mean accuracy of nutritional status diagnosis was 83.2% using the Moyo chart and 76.1% using lookup tables (P = 0.011). There was a trend towards a reduced time per correct diagnosis using the Moyo chart and 78% of participants preferred using it. These preliminary results suggest that the Moyo chart may aid frontline health workers classifying child nutritional status. © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Anthropometry; Child health; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Malnutrition; Nutrition	accuracy; anthropometric parameters; article; body height; body weight; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; evaluation; human; human experiment; malnutrition; moyo chart; normal human; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Over Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Program Evaluation; Reference Values	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897775476	Systematic review of the performance of HIV viral load technologies on plasma samples	Sollis K.A., Smit P.W., Fiscus S., Ford N., Vitoria M., Essajee S., Barnett D., Cheng B., Crowe S.M., Denny T., Landay A., Stevens W., Habiyambere V., Perrins J., Peeling R.W.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	2	10.1371/journal.pone.0085869	Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; HIV, Medicine and Science, Clinton Health Access Initiative, New York, NY, United States; Department of Haematology, United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment, Service (UK NEQAS) for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Technology and Innovation, Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation, San Fransisco, CA, United States; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Center for HIV/AIDS, Vaccine Immunology, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Immunology- Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sollis, K.A., Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Smit, P.W., Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fiscus, S., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Ford, N., Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Vitoria, M., Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Essajee, S., HIV, Medicine and Science, Clinton Health Access Initiative, New York, NY, United States; Barnett, D., Department of Haematology, United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment, Service (UK NEQAS) for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Cheng, B., Department of Technology and Innovation, Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation, San Fransisco, CA, United States; Crowe, S.M., Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Denny, T., Department of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Center for HIV/AIDS, Vaccine Immunology, Durham, NC, United States; Landay, A., Department of Immunology- Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Habiyambere, V., Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Perrins, J., Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Peeling, R.W., Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Viral load (VL) monitoring is the standard of care in developing country settings for detecting HIV treatment failure. Since 2010 the World Health Organization has recommended a phase-in approach to VL monitoring in resource-limited settings. We conducted a systematic review of the accuracy and precision of HIV VL technologies for treatment monitoring. Methods and Findings: A search of Medline and Embase was conducted for studies evaluating the accuracy or reproducibility of commercially available HIV VL assays. 37 studies were included for review including evaluations of the Amplicor Monitor HIV-1 v1.5 (n = 25), Cobas TaqMan v2.0 (n = 11), Abbott RealTime HIV-1 (n = 23), Versant HIV-1 RNA bDNA 3.0 (n = 15), Versant HIV-1 RNA kPCR 1.0 (n = 2), ExaVir Load v3 (n = 2), and NucliSens EasyQ v2.0 (n = 1). All currently available HIV VL assays are of sufficient sensitivity to detect plasma virus levels at a lower detection limit of 1,000 copies/mL. Bias data comparing the Abbott RealTime HIV-1, TaqMan v2.0 to the Amplicor Monitor v1.5 showed a tendency of the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 to under-estimate results while the TaqMan v2.0 overestimated VL counts. Compared to the Amplicor Monitor v1.5, 2-26% and 9-70% of results from the Versant bDNA 3.0 and Abbott RealTime HIV-1 differed by greater than 0.5log10. The average intra and inter-assay variation of the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 were 2.95% (range 2.0-5.1%) and 5.44% (range 1.17-30.00%) across the range of VL counts (2log10-7log10). Conclusions: This review found that all currently available HIV VL assays are of sufficient sensitivity to detect plasma VL of 1,000 copies/mL as a threshold to initiate investigations of treatment adherence or possible treatment failure. Sources of variability between VL assays include differences in technology platform, plasma input volume, and ability to detect HIV-1 subtypes. Monitoring of individual patients should be performed on the same technology platform to ensure appropriate interpretation of changes in VL. Prospero registration # CD42013003603. © 2014 Sollis et al.	None	accuracy; antiviral resistance; article; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; immunoassay; immunological monitoring; intermethod comparison; limit of detection; reproducibility; sensitivity and specificity; systematic review; treatment response; virus detection; virus load; algorithm; blood; classification; developing country; diagnostic kit; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; molecular diagnosis; plasma; polymerase chain reaction; procedures; reproducibility; serology; virology; world health organization; diagnostic kit; Algorithms; Developing Countries; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plasma; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; Viral Load; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147181637	Evaluation of the partec flow cytometer against the BD FACSCalibur system for monitoring immune responses of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Zimbabwe	Manasa J., Musabaike H., Masimirembwa C., Burke E., Luthy R., Mudzori J.	2007	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	14	3	10.1128/CVI.00416-06	National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Harare, Zimbabwe; African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe; Connaught Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe; COMFORCE Corporation, Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Molecular Diagnostics Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe	Manasa, J., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe, Molecular Diagnostics Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; Musabaike, H., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Harare, Zimbabwe; Masimirembwa, C., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe; Burke, E., COMFORCE Corporation, Centre for Disease Control (CDC) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Luthy, R., Connaught Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudzori, J., National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Harare, Zimbabwe	A single-platform volumetric flow cytometer, the Partec Cyflow SL_3, was evaluated against a BD FACSCalibur/ Sysmex XT1800i dual platform for measuring CD4+ lymphocytes, total lymphocytes, and the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes in whole-blood samples for monitoring the immune systems of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients. Statistical analyses for precision, correlation, and agreement were performed. Coefficients of variation (CV) of 5.8, 4.6, and 3.9% were obtained for low, medium, and high CD4+ cell counts, respectively, using the SL_3, and CV of 3.7, 4.0, and 0.94 were obtained for the same categories, using the BD FACSCalibur. Significant correlations (P &lt; 0.005) between the two assays for CD4 counts, total lymphocyte counts, and percentages of CD4 were obtained, with correlation coefficients of 0.99, 0.96, and 0.99, respectively (n = 229). Using the Bland-Altman plot, mean biases of -18 cell/μl (95% confidence interval (CI); -91 to 54 cells/μl), -0.8% (95% CI; -3.6 to 2%), and -36.8 cells/μl (95% CI; -477 to 404 cells/μl) were obtained for comparisons of CD4 counts, percentages of CD4 cells, and total lymphocyte counts, respectively. The effects of the age of the samples on the three parameters were also analyzed by comparing results from the same samples analyzed at 6, 24, and 48 h after collection. The correlation coefficients for comparisons among different time points for the same machine and among all the time points for the two different machines were greater than 0.90. These data showed that the Partec Cyflow SL_3 assay is comparable to the BD FACSCalibur/Sysmex XT1800i dual-platform method for measuring the amount of CD4+ cells and total lymphocytes and the percentages of CD4 cells in blood samples for the purpose of monitoring HIV/AIDS patients. Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	accuracy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; device; flow cytometer; flow cytometry; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; patient monitoring; priority journal; Zimbabwe; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Flow Cytometry; HIV Infections; Humans; Lymphocyte Count	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650021214	Evaluation of the Abbott m2000 RealTime human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assay for HIV load monitoring in South Africa compared to the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep-Cobas Amplicor, Roche Cobas AmpliPrep-Cobas TaqMan HIV-1, and BioMerieux NucliSENS Easy	Scott L.E., Noble L.D., Moloi J., Erasmus L., Venter W.D.F., Stevens W.	2009	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	47	7	10.1128/JCM.01761-08	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, 7 York Road Parktown, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Scott, L.E., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, 7 York Road Parktown, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Noble, L.D., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, 7 York Road Parktown, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Moloi, J., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, 7 York Road Parktown, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Erasmus, L., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, 7 York Road Parktown, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Venter, W.D.F., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, School of Pathology, 7 York Road Parktown, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa	The implementation of antiretroviral therapy demands the need for increased access to viral load (VL) monitoring. Newer real-time VL testing technologies are faster and have larger dynamic ranges and fully automated extraction to benefit higher throughputs in resource-poor environments. The Abbott RealTime human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assay was evaluated as a new option for testing for HIV-1 subtype C in South Africa, and its performance was compared to the performance of existing assays (the Cobas AmpliPrep-Cobas TaqMan HIV-1, version 1, assay; the AmpliPrep-Cobas Monitor standard HIV-1 assay; and the NucliSENS EasyQ-EasyMag HIV-1 assay) in a high-throughput laboratory. The total precision of the RealTime HIV-1 assay was acceptable over all viral load ranges. This assay compared most favorably with the Cobas AmpliPrep-Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 assay (R2 = 0.904), with a low standard deviation of difference being detected (0.323 copies/ml). The bias against comparator assays ranged from -0.001 copies/ml to -0.228 copies/ml. Variability in the reporting of VLs for a 20-member subtype panel compared to the variability of other assays was noted with subtypes G and CRF02-AG. The RealTime HIV-1 assay can test 93 samples per day with minimal manual preparation, less staff, and the minimization of contamination through automation. This assay is suitable for HIV-1 subtype C VL quantification in South Africa. Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	accuracy; article; controlled study; gene amplification; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; intermethod comparison; laboratory automation; major clinical study; nonhuman; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; South Africa; virus load; virus typing; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; South Africa; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954998521	Performance based reward for immunization: Experiences from GAVI	Trap R., Trap B., Hansen T.W., Hansen E.H.	2011	Southern Med Review	4	1	10.5655/smr.v4i1.69	Department of Surgery, Aabenraa University Hospital, Denmark; Euro Health Group, Denmark; Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Trap, R., Department of Surgery, Aabenraa University Hospital, Denmark, Euro Health Group, Denmark; Trap, B., Euro Health Group, Denmark, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda; Hansen, T.W., Euro Health Group, Denmark; Hansen, E.H., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Objective: To assess whether linking the Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization (GAVI) service support with performance-based interventions has influenced the quality of reporting and of immunization systems. GAVI Service Support (ISS) combines performance assessment, recommendations and implementation support with financial reward. Methods: A retrospective study based on data from Data Quality Audit (DQA), a validated standardized indicator-based performance assessment tool which evaluates reporting consistency, accuracy and the quality of the immunization system. Participants are nine developing countries, sampling 421 health units, 72 districts, which have had two consecutive DQAs in the period 2002 to 2005. Results: Both the quality of reporting and the immunization system improved following GAVI ISS intervention. Reporting quality was associated with the enhanced overall quality of the immunization system and with immunization coverage. Immunisation coverage improved in eight of the nine countries. Conclusions: The study indicates that the combined GAVI ISS intervention strategy is effective, resulting in increased immunization coverage, enhanced reporting quality and improved quality of the immunization system set-up at all levels of healthcare. High quality reporting is instrumental in focusing immunization management on setting targets for increased coverage, demonstrated by the correlation between increased reporting quality and immunization coverage. Repeated assessments are recommended to ensure sustainable immunization system improvements.	Global alliance for vaccines and immunization; Immunization reporting; Immunization system; Performance-based financial reward strategy; Quality improvements	accuracy; article; health care quality; health economics; immunization; performance based financial rewarding; performance measurement system; preventive health service; public-private partnership; retrospective study; total quality management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943448356	Impact of mesoscale meteorological processes on anomalous radar propagation conditions over the northern Adriatic area	Telišman Prtenjak M., Horvat I., Tomažic I., Kvakic M., Viher M., Grisogono B.	2015	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres	120	17	10.1002/2014JD022626	Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; EUMETSAT/HE Space Operations, Frankfurt, Germany; ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Croatian Military Academy Petar Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia	Telišman Prtenjak, M., Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Horvat, I., Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; Tomažic, I., EUMETSAT/HE Space Operations, Frankfurt, Germany; Kvakic, M., ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Viher, M., Croatian Military Academy Petar Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia; Grisogono, B., Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia	The impact of mesoscale structures on the occurrence of anomalous propagation (AP) conditions for radio waves, including ducts, superrefractive, and subrefractive conditions, was studied. The chosen meteorological situations are the bora wind and the sporadic sea/land breeze (SB/LB) during three selected cases over a large portion of the northern Adriatic. For this purpose, we used available radio soundings and numerical mesoscale model simulations (of real cases and their sensitivity tests) at a horizontal resolution of 1.5-km and 81 vertical levels. The model simulated the occurrences of AP conditions satisfactorily, although their intensities and frequency were underestimated at times. Certain difficulties appeared in reproducing the vertical profile of the modified refractive index, which is mainly dependent on the accuracy of the modeled humidity. The spatial distributions of summer AP conditions reveal that the surface layer above the sea (roughly between 30 and 100 m asl) is often covered by superrefractive conditions and ducts. The SB is highly associated with the formations of AP conditions: (i) in the first 100-m asl, where trapping and superrefractive conditions form because of the advection of cold and moist air, and (ii) inside the transition layer between the SB body and the elevated return flow in the form of subrefractive conditions. When deep convection occurs, all three types of AP conditions are caused by the downdraft beneath the cumulonimbus cloud base in its mature phase that creates smaller but marked pools of cold and dry air. The bora wind usually creates a pattern of AP conditions associated with the hydraulic jump and influences distribution of AP conditions over the sea surface. ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	bora; mixing length; moist convection; sea/land breeze; SST; WRF	accuracy assessment; advection; convection; land breeze; mesoscale meteorology; mixing ratio; numerical model; radar; radio wave; sea breeze; sea surface temperature; spatial distribution; wave propagation; Adriatic Sea; Mediterranean Sea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247632601	Characterising borehole radio antenna performance using finite-difference time-domain modelling	Vogt D., Marvin A.	2006	South African Journal of Geology	109	4	10.2113/gssajg.109.4.561	CSIR, Division of Mining Technology, PO Box 91230, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	Vogt, D., CSIR, Division of Mining Technology, PO Box 91230, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Marvin, A., Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	Radio Tomography (RT) has proven itself as an imaging tool for base metal orebody delineation. To date, theoretical considerations of the imaging technique and inversion algorithms have concentrated on the propagation of energy from the transmit antenna to the receive antenna, while ignoring the antennas themselves. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain technique for modelling antennas has been extended to efficiently model antennas embedded in arbitrary media such as rock. The model is set up with body-of-rotation symmetry to produce models that have three dimensional accuracy, while only having two dimensional computational cost. Wire dipole antennas are efficiently modelled by the addition of a subcell extension for a thin wire coated with a thin layer of insulation. The extended code is used, both to aid in the design of an improved antenna, and to investigate how the performance of the antenna affects the imaging of RT data in particular circumstances. A completely insulated antenna is preferred because its performance is more independent of the surrounding rock. The numerical model aids in the design of an improved antenna, with the optimum combination of performance features in a physically realizable antenna. If the electronics package is placed at the end of the dipole, the electronics package can be housed in a bare metal pressure casing without significantly affecting antenna performance as a function of rock type. The model also shows how the use of RT can be influenced by the geometry of the system and particularly by the use of conductors to suspend the RT antenna: wire cable support is not recommended until full waveform inversion techniques can take into account the presence of the wire. Antenna arrays appear to be viable, but if antennas without insulation are used, the spacing between the antennas should be at least as great as the length of each antenna. © 2006 December Geological Society of South Africa.	None	accuracy assessment; algorithm; antenna; finite difference method; inverse problem; performance assessment; radio wave; three-dimensional modeling; time domain reflectometry; waveform analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862752964	Performance of the new WHO diagnostic algorithm for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV prevalent settings: A multisite study in Uganda	Alamo S.-T., Kunutsor S., Walley J., Thoulass J., Evans M., Muchuro S., Matovu A., Katabira E.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	7	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03003.x	Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Section of Population Health, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; USAID/SUSTAIN Project/Intergrated Community Based Initiatives, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda; Kayunga District Hospital, Kayunga, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Alamo, S.-T., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Kunutsor, S., Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Walley, J., Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Thoulass, J., Section of Population Health, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Evans, M., Department of Infectious Diseases, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; Muchuro, S., USAID/SUSTAIN Project/Intergrated Community Based Initiatives, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda; Matovu, A., Kayunga District Hospital, Kayunga, Uganda; Katabira, E., Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Objective To compare the performance of the new WHO (2007) diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in high HIV prevalent settings (WHO07) to the WHO 2003 guidelines used by the Ugandan National Tuberculosis Program (UgWHO03). Methods A prospective observational cohort design was used at Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, an urban slum community-based AIDS Service Organisation (ASO) and Kayunga Rural District Government Hospital. Newly diagnosed and enrolled HIV-infected patients were assessed for PTB. Research staff interviewed patients and staff and observed operational constraints. Results WHO07 reduced the time to diagnosis of smear-negative PTB with increased sensitivity compared with the UgWHO03 at both sites. Time to diagnosis of smear-negative PTB was significantly shorter at the urban ASO than at the rural ASO (12.4 vs. 28.5days, P=0.003). Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for smear-negative PTB were higher at the rural hospital compared with the urban ASO: [98% (93-100%) vs. 86% (77-92%), P=0.001] and [95% (72-100%) vs. 90% (54-99%), P>0.05], respectively. Common barriers to implementation of algorithms included failure by patients to attend follow-up appointments and poor adherence by healthcare workers to algorithms. Conclusion At both sites, WHO07 expedited diagnosis of smear-negative PTB with increased diagnostic accuracy compared with the UgWHO03. The WHO07 expedited diagnosis more at the urban ASO but with more diagnostic accuracy at the rural hospital. Barriers to implementation should be taken into account when operationalising these guidelines for TB diagnosis in resource-limited settings. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Diagnostic; HIV prevalent; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Resource limited; Smear negative	accuracy assessment; algorithm; disease prevalence; guideline; hospital sector; human immunodeficiency virus; performance assessment; questionnaire survey; resource availability; respiratory disease; rural area; tuberculosis; urban area; World Health Organization; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; algorithm; article; community care; diagnostic accuracy; female; follow up; health care personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; intermethod comparison; interview; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; observational study; practice guideline; prospective study; public hospital; rural area; sensitivity and specificity; sputum smear; Uganda; urban area; world health organization; world health organization diagnostic algorithm; Adult; Algorithms; Cohort Studies; False Negative Reactions; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Rural Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda; Urban Health; World Health Organization; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897468923	Impact of lower stratospheric ozone on seasonal prediction systems	Mathole K., Ndarana T., Beraki A., Landman W.A.	2014	South African Journal of Science	110	42433	10.1590/sajs.2014/20130161	South African Weather Service - Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Mathole, K., South African Weather Service - Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Ndarana, T., South African Weather Service - Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Beraki, A., South African Weather Service - Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Landman, W.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	We conducted a comparison of trends in lower stratospheric temperatures and summer zonal wind fields based on 27 years of reanalysis data and output from hindcast simulations using a coupled oceanatmospheric general circulation model (OAGCM). Lower stratospheric ozone in the OAGCM was relaxed to the observed climatology and increasing greenhouse gas concentrations were neglected. In the reanalysis, lower stratospheric ozone fields were better represented than in the OAGCM. The spring lower stratospheric/ upper tropospheric cooling in the polar cap observed in the reanalysis, which is caused by a direct ozone depletion in the past two decades and is in agreement with previous studies, did not appear in the OAGCM. The corresponding summer tropospheric response also differed between data sets. In the reanalysis, a statistically significant poleward trend of the summer jet position was found, whereas no such trend was found in the OAGCM. Furthermore, the jet position in the reanalysis exhibited larger interannual variability than that in the OAGCM. We conclude that these differences are caused by the absence of long-term lower stratospheric ozone changes in the OAGCM. Improper representation or non-inclusion of such ozone variability in a prediction model could adversely affect the accuracy of the predictability of summer rainfall forecasts over South Africa. © 2014. The Authors. The Authors.	Eddy-driven jet; ENSO; Ozone depletion; Polar vortex; Stratosphere	accuracy assessment; annual variation; atmospheric general circulation model; climate modeling; climate prediction; data set; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; greenhouse gas; hindcasting; jet stream; oceanic general circulation model; ozone; ozone depletion; polar vortex; rainfall; seasonal variation; stratosphere; troposphere; wind field; zonal wind; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892884623	Effectiveness and cost efficiency of monitoring mountain nyala in Bale Mountains National park, Ethiopia	Kinahan A.A., Bunnefeld N.	2012	Endangered Species Research	18	2	10.3354/esr00438	Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project, Bale Mountains National Park, PO Box 165, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Kinahan, A.A., Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bale Mountains Conservation Project, Bale Mountains National Park, PO Box 165, Robe, Bale, Ethiopia; Bunnefeld, N., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Due to the financial limitations faced by many protected areas today, identifying costefficient monitoring protocols has become important in ensuring the long-term sustainability of conservation. The selection of monitoring protocols is usually driven by a range of factors, such as widespread practice or accuracy, but the cost efficiency of protocols is rarely considered. The mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni, classified by the IUCN as Endangered, is endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. This species has high economic potential for local communities through tourism and trophy hunting, but the expansion of human settlement is causing habitat degradation and fragmentation. A significant proportion of the global mountain nyala population occurs in Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP); thus the development of a long-term monitoring protocol was identified as a priority. Like many protected areas, the BMNP is operating well below its financial needs; hence developing a robust, cost-effective method that can detect changes in population size is important. We compared the effectiveness and cost efficiency of distance sampling and total counts. Results showed that while the population estimates were relatively similar, total counts under estimated population size but were more precise, had a greater power to detect changes in population size and required only 12% of the resources needed compared to distance sampling. We suggest that investing in initial comparisons of the effectiveness and costs of different methods can result in significant cost savings, without jeopardizing the effectiveness of a survey. © Inter-Research 2012.	Census techniques; DISTANCE; Ecological monitoring; Protected areas; Total counts	accuracy assessment; conservation management; cost-benefit analysis; deer; ecological impact; ecosystem response; endangered species; endemic species; environmental monitoring; human activity; human settlement; population modeling; population size; protected area; sustainability; Bale Mountains National Park; Ethiopia; Ethiopian Highlands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871529178	The propagation and dispersal of misinformation in ecology: Is there a relationship between citation accuracy and journal impact factor?	Drake D.C., Maritz B., Jacobs S.M., Crous C.J., Engelbrecht A., Etale A., Fourie M.J., Furniss D.G., Scott S.L., Parusnath S., Tye D.R.	2013	Hydrobiologia	702	1	10.1007/s10750-012-1392-6	School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Drake, D.C., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maritz, B., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Jacobs, S.M., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Crous, C.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Etale, A., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fourie, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Furniss, D.G., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Scott, S.L., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Parusnath, S., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tye, D.R., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	accuracy assessment; dispersal; ecological impact; vegetative propagation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450224647	Evaluation of silver transport through SiC during the German HTR fuel program	van der Merwe J.J.	2009	Journal of Nuclear Materials	395	42372	10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.09.024	PBMR, Lake Buena Vista Building, 1267 Gordon Hood Ave., Centurion, 0046, South Africa	van der Merwe, J.J., PBMR, Lake Buena Vista Building, 1267 Gordon Hood Ave., Centurion, 0046, South Africa	For direct cycle gas cooled high-temperature reactor designs operating conditions may be limited as a result of excessive maintenance dose rates caused by the 110mAg source term on the turbine. The accurate prediction of silver fission and activation products' release during normal operation is required to ensure regulatory compliance and economic viability of planned power plants. Fuel qualification programs should provide satisfactory results to ensure correct analyses, but will not be available for many years. In the meantime data from the German fuel development program are utilized to develop and validate analyses methods. Previously, from primarily material and fuel component test results, transport models and parameters through all the fuel materials and components were derived. Good verification of silver transport in fuel materials and components were achieved with the exception of SiC. An earlier study of all German fuel irradiation tests identified a set of applicable tests to be used to evaluate silver transport through high-quality SiC. Simplified first estimate analyses were performed on different transport models. This was followed by an in depth study with a more complete diffusion model on all applicable irradiation test results to derive new transport parameters for silver in SiC. These new parameters were applied in an evaluation of some heat-up tests of irradiated fuel spheres to assess the range for which they are valid. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	None	Accurate prediction; Activation products; Different transport models; Diffusion model; Dose rate; Economic viability; Fuel components; Fuel development; Fuel irradiation; Gas-cooled; Heat-up; High quality; In-depth study; Irradiated fuels; Irradiation test; New parameters; Normal operations; Operating condition; Source terms; Test results; Transport models; Transport parameters; High temperature reactors; Irradiation; Regulatory compliance; Silicon carbide; Silver; Testing; Fuels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859145955	Corresponding states method for evaluation of the solubility parameters of chemical compounds	Gharagheizi F., Eslamimanesh A., Sattari M., Mohammadi A.H., Richon D.	2012	Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research	51	9	10.1021/ie202633m	Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran; MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP, Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France; Saman Energy Giti Company, Postal Code 3331619636, Tehran, Iran; Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Gharagheizi, F., Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran; Eslamimanesh, A., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP, Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France; Sattari, M., Saman Energy Giti Company, Postal Code 3331619636, Tehran, Iran; Mohammadi, A.H., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP, Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Richon, D., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP, Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	In this study, our objective is to apply the gene expression programming mathematical algorithm to propose a correlation based on the corresponding states method to determine the solubility parameters of 1641 pure compounds (mostly organic ones) at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The studied compounds are from the 80 chemical families. The parameters of the method include the critical temperature, critical pressure, molecular we